A Description of the island of Jamaica with the other isles and territories in America, to which the English are related ... : taken from the notes of Sr. Thomas Linch, Knight, governour of Jamaica, and other experienced persons in the said places : illustrated with maps / published by Richard Blome.
      
       
         
           1672
        
      
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         ocm 11899209
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             A Description of the island of Jamaica with the other isles and territories in America, to which the English are related ... : taken from the notes of Sr. Thomas Linch, Knight, governour of Jamaica, and other experienced persons in the said places : illustrated with maps / published by Richard Blome.
             Blome, Richard, d. 1705.
             Lynch, Thomas, Sir, d. 1684?
          
           [9], 192 p. : 2 folded maps.
           
             Printed by T. Milbourn, and sold by the book-sellers of London and Westminster,
             London :
             1672.
          
           
             First ed. Cf. BM. Identified in reel guide as Wing B3208.
             Errata: p. [9].
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Jamaica -- Description and travel.
           United States -- Description and travel.
           United States -- Description and travel -- Early works to 1800.
           West Indies -- Description and travel.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           DESCRIPTION
           Of
           the
           ISLAND
           of
           JAMAICA
           ;
        
         
           With
           the
           other
           Isles
           and
           Territories
           in
           AMERICA
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           English
           are
           Related
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           
             
               Barbadoes
               ,
            
             
               St.
               Christophers
               ,
            
             
               Nievis
               ,
               or
               Mevis
               ,
            
             
               Antego
               ,
            
             
               St.
               Vincent
               ,
            
             
               Dominica
               ,
            
             
               Montserrat
               ,
            
             
               Anguilla
               ,
            
             
               Barbada
               ,
            
             
               Bermudes
               ,
            
             
               Carolina
               ,
            
             
               Virginia
               ,
            
             
               Maryland
               ,
            
             
               New-York
               ,
            
             
               New
               England
               ,
            
             
               New-Found-Land
               .
            
          
        
         
           Taken
           from
           the
           Notes
           of
           Sr.
           
             Thomas
             Linch
          
           Knight
           ,
           Governour
           of
           Jamaica
           ;
           and
           other
           Experienced
           Persons
           in
           the
           said
           Places
           .
           Illustrated
           with
           Maps
           .
        
         
           Published
           by
           
             Richard
             Blome
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             T.
             Milbourn
          
           ,
           and
           sold
           by
           the
           Book-sellers
           of
           London
           ,
           and
           Westminster
           ,
           1672.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           HIS
           SACRED
           MAJESTY
           CHARLES
           II.
           
        
         
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           Scotland
           ,
           France
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Dread
             Soveraign
             ,
          
        
         
           THIS
           small
           Treatise
           ,
           or
           Description
           ,
           of
           Your
           Majesties
           Dominions
           and
           Territories
           in
           America
           ,
           
           humbly
           presents
           its
           self
           unto
           Your
           Royal
           Patronage
           ,
           by
           the
           hands
           of
        
         
           
             Your
             MAJESTIES
             most
             humble
             and
             obedient
             Subject
             and
             Servant
             ,
             Richard
             Blome
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           HAving
           the
           Favour
           of
           some
           Notes
           from
           my
           Honoured
           Friend
           
             Sir
             Thomas
             Linch
             Knight
          
           ,
           about
           the
           Description
           of
           the
           Island
           of
           Jamaica
           ,
           whose
           Worth
           and
           Ingenuity
           hath
           lately
           merited
           from
           his
           
             Majesty
             the
             Government
          
           of
           the
           said
           Isle
           ;
           as
           likewise
           the
           opportunity
           of
           several
           Papers
           
           relating
           to
           the
           Affairs
           and
           Description
           of
           the
           other
           Isles
           and
           Territories
           in
           America
           ,
           wherein
           the
           English
           are
           concerned
           ,
           which
           I
           received
           from
           the
           hands
           of
           several
           of
           my
           Friends
           who
           are
           related
           thereunto
           ,
           I
           thought
           them
           very
           fit
           to
           be
           Published
           .
           The
           said
           Notes
           and
           Papers
           I
           have
           digested
           into
           a
           clearer
           and
           more
           compendious
           Method
           ;
           being
           brief
           Descriptions
           thereof
           ,
           which
           this
           small
           Treatise
           only
           aimeth
           at
           ;
           and
           not
           to
           trouble
           the
           Reader
           with
           large
           and
           unnecessary
           discourses
           no
           ways
           proper
           for
           the
           Design
           in
           hand
           :
           for
           by
           that
           means
           ,
           I
           might
           (
           by
           the
           help
           of
           a
           large
           Print
           which
           some
           Publisher
           of
           Books
           call
           Ornamental
           )
           have
           put
           them
           to
           an
           unnecessary
           charge
           in
           Buying
           ,
           and
           as
           great
           a
           trouble
           in
           Reading
           .
           I
           have
           also
           added
           some
           Maps
           for
           
           the
           more
           utility
           thereof
           ,
           which
           were
           taken
           from
           the
           
             Latest
             Surveys
          
           .
        
         
           
             Rich.
             Blome
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           Errata
           .
        
         
           In
           Page
           126.
           
           Line
           8.
           the
           word
           
             [
             not
          
           ]
           to
           be
           omitted
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           NEW
           SURVEY
           ,
           OR
           ,
           Description
           of
           the
           Island
           of
           JAMAICA
           .
        
         
           THe
           Island
           of
           Jamaica
           lyeth
           betwixt
           the
           Tropicks
           in
           the
           17.
           
           and
           18.
           
           Degrees
           of
           
             Northern
             Latitude
          
           ;
           and
           beareth
           from
           off
           the
           Island
           of
           Hispaniola
           Eastward
           ,
           about
           35.
           
           Leagues
           .
        
         
           From
           the
           Island
           of
           Cuba
           Northwards
           ,
           about
           20.
           
           Leagues
           .
        
         
         
           From
           
             Porto
             Bello
          
           Southwards
           ,
           about
           160.
           
           Leagues
           .
        
         
           From
           Carthagena
           South-easterly
           about
           140.
           
           Leagues
           .
        
         
           From
           
             Rio
             de
             la
             Hache
          
           in
           the
           Continent
           South-easterly
           ,
           160.
           
           Leagues
           .
        
         
           
             The
             forme
             and
             Extent
             of
             the
             Isle
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             something
             inclined
             to
             an
             Oval
             Forme
             ,
             
             being
             from
             East
             to
             West
             170
             Miles
             in
             length
             ;
             and
             from
             North
             to
             South
             in
             the
             midst
             where
             it
             is
             broadest
             about
             70
             ,
             it
             waxing
             narrower
             and
             narrower
             at
             both
             extream
             ends
             .
          
           
             From
             East
             to
             West
             along
             the
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Isle
             runns
             a
             continued
             Ridge
             of
             lofty
             Mount●ins
             which
             are
             full
             of
             fresh
             Springs
             ,
             whence
             flow
             the
             many
             Rivers
             that
             
             so
             plentifully
             waters
             the
             Island
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             refreshment
             and
             accommodation
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Soyle
             ,
             Fertility
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             in
             most
             parts
             (
             especially
             the
             north
             )
             of
             a
             rich
             and
             fat
             Soyle
             ,
             
             being
             of
             a
             
               blackish
               Earth
            
             ,
             in
             many
             places
             mixt
             with
             a
             Clay
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             ,
             as
             the
             south
             West
             Parts
             ,
             it
             is
             of
             a
             more
             red
             and
             loose
             Earth
             ,
             but
             every
             where
             incomparable
             apt
             to
             produce
             ,
             and
             liberally
             to
             answer
             the
             Cultivators
             cost
             and
             paines
             for
             what
             is
             planted
             ;
             being
             alwayes
             Springing
             ,
             and
             its
             Trees
             and
             Plants
             never
             disrobed
             of
             their
             
               summer
               Livery
            
             ,
             every
             month
             being
             to
             them
             as
             our
             May
             ,
             or
             April
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             many
             Savanas
             which
             are
             intermixed
             with
             the
             Hills
             and
             Woods
             ,
             
             (
             especially
             in
             the
             
             North
             and
             South
             parts
             ,
             where
             are
             great
             store
             of
             wild
             Cattel
             )
             which
             by
             report
             were
             sometimes
             Feilds
             of
             
               Indian
               Maiz
            
             ,
             or
             Wheat
             ,
             which
             when
             the
             Spaniards
             became
             Masters
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             they
             converted
             to
             Pasture
             for
             the
             feeding
             of
             their
             Cattel
             ;
             bringing
             hither
             from
             
               Spain
               ,
               Horses
               ,
               Cowes
               ,
               Hoggs
               ,
            
             and
             Asenegros
             for
             a
             Breed
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             destroyed
             all
             the
             Natives
             ,
             or
             Indians
             ,
             which
             according
             to
             calculation
             ,
             did
             amount
             to
             about
             60000.
             which
             Cattel
             did
             exceedingly
             encrease
             ,
             witness
             the
             great
             heards
             of
             Horses
             ,
             and
             other
             Cattel
             ,
             that
             are
             now
             wild
             in
             the
             Woods
             ;
             besides
             the
             great
             quantities
             of
             Cows
             that
             have
             been
             Killed
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             since
             they
             became
             Masters
             thereof
             :
             And
             these
             Savanas
             are
             the
             most
             barren
             ,
             as
             being
             so
             long
             made
             use
             
             of
             without
             Tillage
             ;
             yet
             doth
             they
             produce
             such
             great
             Plenty
             of
             Grass
             ,
             that
             the
             English
             are
             constrained
             oft-times
             to
             burn
             it
             up
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Air
             ,
             and
             Temperature
             .
          
           
             The
             Air
             is
             here
             more
             temperate
             then
             in
             any
             of
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             ,
             
             as
             seated
             more
             Northerly
             ,
             and
             of
             as
             mild
             a
             temperature
             (
             as
             to
             Heate
             )
             as
             any
             place
             between
             the
             Tropicks
             ,
             being
             always
             cooled
             with
             fresh
             Breezes
             ,
             that
             constantly
             bow
             easterly
             ,
             and
             refreshed
             with
             frequent
             Showers
             of
             Rain
             ,
             and
             such
             Dews
             that
             fall
             in
             the
             night
             (
             much
             quickning
             the
             growth
             of
             what
             is
             Planted
             )
             that
             it
             may
             truly
             be
             called
             temperate
             and
             healthful
             ;
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             continuall
             Verdure
             (
             as
             I
             have
             before
             noted
             )
             exceeding
             Delightful
             .
          
           
           
             And
             it
             is
             observed
             that
             the
             west
             and
             east
             Parts
             of
             the
             Isle
             are
             most
             subject
             to
             Raine
             and
             Windes
             ;
             and
             the
             Woods
             being
             also
             thick
             ,
             and
             close
             ,
             rendreth
             the
             Aire
             less
             agreeable
             ,
             then
             the
             North
             and
             South
             Parts
             ,
             which
             are
             more
             plain
             and
             open
             ,
             and
             less
             subject
             to
             Raine
             and
             Winds
             .
             The
             Mountaines
             which
             run
             along
             the
             midle
             of
             the
             Isle
             from
             one
             extreame
             point
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             are
             much
             Cooler
             then
             the
             other
             parts
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             oft
             times
             in
             the
             mornings
             there
             is
             small
             white
             Frosts
             .
          
           
             This
             Island
             is
             in
             no
             parts
             troubled
             with
             those
             storms
             of
             Wind
             called
             Huricanes
             ,
             
             which
             all
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             are
             much
             pestered
             with
             ,
             having
             somtimes
             by
             the
             violence
             of
             those
             Gusts
             ,
             their
             Ships
             forced
             out
             of
             their
             Roads
             ;
             and
             on
             Shore
             ,
             their
             Houses
             blown
             down
             ,
             and
             provisions
             ,
             
             &c.
             rooted
             out
             of
             the
             Earth
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Weather
             .
          
           
             The
             Weather
             of
             this
             Isle
             is
             less
             certain
             then
             in
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Islands
            
             ;
             the
             most
             observable
             wett
             seasons
             are
             in
             November
             or
             May
             ;
             
             there
             being
             no
             seemable
             Winter
             but
             by
             a
             little
             more
             Rain
             ,
             and
             Thunder
             ,
             in
             the
             winter
             months
             .
          
           
             The
             winds
             here
             constantly
             blow
             all
             the
             day
             from
             nine
             in
             the
             morning
             easterly
             ,
             and
             become
             more
             fresher
             as
             the
             Sun
             mounteth
             higher
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             which
             ,
             at
             midd-day
             Travel
             or
             Labour
             is
             sufferable
             .
             But
             from
             eight
             at
             Night
             to
             about
             eight
             in
             the
             Morning
             ,
             it
             frequently
             blows
             Westerly
             ;
             and
             with
             these
             Winds
             ,
             or
             Breezes
             ,
             the
             
             Vessells
             get
             out
             of
             the
             Harbours
             ,
             and
             ply
             to
             wind-ward
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             scarce
             any
             sencible
             lengthning
             or
             shortning
             of
             the
             Days
             or
             Nights
             ,
             
             but
             are
             almost
             alwayes
             of
             an
             equal
             length
             .
          
           
             The
             Sea
             ebbs
             and
             flowes
             seldome
             above
             a
             foot
             .
          
           
             Hurricanes
             are
             here
             never
             known
             ,
             as
             before
             I
             have
             noted
             ;
             nor
             hath
             any
             Vessel
             been
             lost
             ,
             or
             cast
             away
             on
             the
             Coast
             ,
             since
             the
             English
             were
             Masters
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             this
             Island
             Produceth
             .
          
           
             This
             Isle
             hath
             ,
             and
             produceth
             many
             excellent
             Commodities
             and
             that
             in
             exceeding
             great
             Plenty
             ,
             as
             Sugars
             so
             good
             ,
             that
             they
             out-sell
             those
             of
             the
             Barbadoes
             5.
             s.
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             there
             being
             at
             present
             about
             
             
               Sugar
               Works
            
             ,
             
             which
             may
             produce
             yearly
             1710
             thousand
             weight
             of
             Sugar
             ,
             those
             still
             encreasing
             ,
             and
             divers
             others
             a
             going
             up
             .
          
           
             Cocao
             ,
             the
             principal
             ,
             
             and
             most
             beneficial
             Commodity
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             which
             I
             shall
             anon
             take
             occasion
             to
             speak
             of
             more
             at
             large
             ;
             and
             that
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             aptness
             of
             the
             ground
             to
             produce
             and
             beare
             it
             above
             other
             places
             :
             here
             being
             at
             present
             above
             60.
             
             
               Cocao
               Walks
            
             ;
             besides
             abundance
             of
             young
             Walks
             which
             are
             a
             growing
             up
             ,
             and
             still
             more
             a
             planting
             ,
             so
             that
             in
             time
             it
             will
             become
             the
             only
             noted
             place
             for
             that
             Commodity
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             which
             is
             so
             much
             made
             use
             of
             by
             us
             ,
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             but
             in
             far
             greater
             measure
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             who
             alone
             are
             enough
             to
             take
             of
             the
             product
             of
             the
             Isle
             ;
             so
             that
             there
             is
             no
             fear
             that
             it
             will
             
             become
             a
             drugg
             ,
             and
             lye
             upon
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Planter
             .
          
           
             Indico
             this
             Isle
             produceth
             very
             good
             ,
             
             there
             being
             at
             present
             more
             then
             60.
             
             
               Indico
               Works
            
             ,
             which
             may
             produce
             about
             50000.
             weight
             of
             
               Indico
               per.
               Annum
            
             ,
             and
             do
             likewise
             much
             encrease
             .
          
           
             Cotton
             here
             hath
             an
             especial
             fineness
             ,
             
             and
             is
             by
             all
             preferred
             before
             that
             of
             the
             
               Carribbee
               Isles
            
             .
          
           
             Tobacco
             is
             here
             indifferent
             good
             ,
             
             being
             esstemed
             better
             then
             that
             of
             the
             Barbadoes
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             not
             much
             planted
             ,
             only
             a
             sufficiency
             to
             serve
             themselves
             ;
             the
             other
             Commodities
             being
             more
             benificial
             .
          
           
             Hydes
             ,
             
             of
             which
             great
             quantityes
             have
             been
             Yearly
             made
             ,
             and
             are
             found
             to
             be
             very
             large
             and
             good
             .
             
          
           
             Great
             store
             of
             Tortoises
             are
             taken
             
             on
             this
             Coast
             ,
             whose
             meat
             (
             being
             excellent
             )
             they
             eat
             ,
             and
             their
             Shells
             so
             much
             esteemed
             here
             in
             England
             for
             several
             curious
             Works
             ,
             finds
             good
             vent
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             great
             variety
             of
             Woods
             for
             Dyers
             ,
             
             as
             
               Fustick
               ,
               Red-Wood
            
             ,
             a
             kind
             of
             Logg-Wood
             ,
             &c.
             also
             
               Caedar
               ,
               Mothogeney
               ,
               Brasilletto
               ,
               Lignum-Vitae
               ,
               Ebony
               ,
               Granadilla
               ,
            
             and
             many
             other
             excellent
             sweet
             smelling
             ,
             and
             curious
             Woods
             fitt
             for
             choise
             Works
             ,
             whose
             names
             are
             as
             yet
             not
             known
             ;
             nor
             indeed
             their
             excellencies
             ;
             but
             are
             exported
             in
             great
             quantities
             .
          
           
             Copper
             ,
             
             they
             are
             assured
             is
             in
             this
             Isle
             ,
             for
             they
             have
             seen
             the
             Ore
             ,
             wrought
             out
             of
             a
             Mine
             here
             ;
             and
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             report
             ,
             the
             Bells
             that
             hung
             in
             the
             great
             Church
             of
             St.
             Iago
             ,
             were
             cast
             of
             the
             Copper
             of
             this
             Island
             .
          
           
           
             Silver
             may
             probably
             be
             here
             ,
             
             as
             well
             as
             in
             Cuba
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Maine
             ;
             and
             the
             English
             have
             been
             shewed
             where
             the
             Spaniards
             had
             found
             a
             
               Silver
               Mine
            
             ,
             behind
             the
             Mountains
             west
             of
             Cagway
             .
          
           
             Ambergreece
             (
             according
             to
             the
             Spaniards
             report
             )
             hath
             been
             often
             found
             on
             this
             Coast
             .
             
          
           
             Salt
             ,
             
             this
             Island
             might
             make
             great
             quantities
             ,
             there
             being
             already
             3.
             good
             and
             very
             large
             Salt-ponds
             ,
             containing
             neare
             4000.
             
             Acres
             of
             ground
             ;
             but
             as
             yet
             they
             make
             no
             more
             then
             for
             their
             own
             use
             :
             although
             there
             was
             made
             in
             one
             Yeare
             about
             10000
             Bushells
             ;
             and
             the
             manager
             thereof
             ,
             
               Cap.
               Jo.
               Noye
            
             ,
             did
             affirm
             that
             he
             could
             have
             made
             as
             many
             Tunns
             if
             they
             had
             had
             Vent
             .
          
           
             Saltpeter
             hath
             been
             found
             in
             many
             parts
             of
             the
             Island
             .
             
          
           
           
             Ginger
             grows
             better
             in
             this
             Isle
             ,
             
             then
             in
             many
             of
             the
             
               Carribbe
               Islands
            
             ;
             of
             which
             here
             is
             sufficiency
             planted
             .
          
           
             Codd-pepper
             which
             is
             so
             commonly
             used
             in
             all
             the
             
               West
               Indies
            
             ,
             
             grows
             plentifully
             here
             .
          
           
             Piemente
             ,
             
             or
             
               Jamaica
               Pepper
            
             ,
             a
             spice
             of
             the
             form
             of
             
               East-India
               Pepper
            
             ,
             very
             Aromatical
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             curious
             Gousto
             ,
             having
             the
             mixt
             taste
             of
             divers
             Spices
             ,
             grows
             here
             in
             great
             plenty
             ,
             wild
             in
             the
             Mountains
             .
             But
             the
             Spaniards
             did
             sett
             a
             high
             esteeme
             thereon
             ,
             and
             exported
             it
             as
             a
             very
             choise
             Commodity
             ,
             as
             indeed
             it
             is
             ;
             and
             now
             it
             is
             begun
             to
             be
             planted
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             will
             become
             a
             good
             Commodity
             .
          
           
             Drugs
             are
             here
             in
             great
             abundance
             ,
             
             as
             
               Guacum
               ,
               China-Roots
               ,
               Sasapharilla
               ,
               Cashia
               Fistula
               ,
               Tamerindes
               ,
               
               Vinillos
               ,
               Achiots
            
             or
             Anetto
             ,
             which
             is
             like
             to
             prove
             a
             good
             Commodity
             .
             
             Here
             are
             also
             dive●●
             Gums
             ,
             and
             Roots
             ,
             wherewith
             experienced
             Planters
             do
             cure
             many
             
               Hurts
               ,
               Ulcers
            
             ,
             and
             Distempers
             of
             the
             Body
             .
             And
             by
             the
             report
             of
             an
             intelligent
             Doctor
             ,
             which
             made
             it
             his
             business
             to
             search
             after
             such
             things
             ,
             here
             are
             likewise
             
               Contrayerna
               ,
               Cyperas
               ,
               Aloes
               ,
               Assole
               Pie
               ,
               Adjuntum
               ,
               Nigrum
               ,
               Cucumis
               ,
               Agrestis
               ,
               Sumach
               ,
               Acacia
               ,
               Miselto
               ,
            
             with
             many
             other
             
               Druggs
               ,
               Balsoms
            
             and
             Gums
             ,
             whose
             names
             are
             not
             known
             ,
             or
             remembred
             :
             but
             the
             Planters
             begin
             to
             be
             more
             expert
             in
             these
             Drugs
             ,
             and
             endeavour
             to
             encrease
             them
             ,
             and
             supply
             England
             therewith
             .
          
           
             Cochaneil
             is
             produced
             by
             a
             Plant
             that
             grows
             in
             this
             Isle
             ,
             
             but
             
             as
             yet
             the
             English
             want
             experience
             to
             husband
             it
             ;
             easterly
             Winds
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             things
             being
             Enemies
             to
             its
             growth
             ,
             besides
             the
             difficulty
             of
             makeing
             it
             .
          
           
             These
             with
             some
             others
             are
             the
             Commodities
             that
             this
             Island
             produceth
             ,
             which
             if
             well
             improved
             ,
             would
             soon
             become
             the
             best
             ,
             and
             Richest
             Plantation
             that
             ever
             the
             English
             were
             ,
             (
             or
             are
             like
             to
             be
             )
             Masters
             of
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             in
             the
             next
             place
             give
             you
             an
             Account
             of
             the
             management
             of
             a
             
               Cocao
               Walk
            
             ,
             with
             a
             calculation
             of
             its
             Costs
             ,
             and
             Profits
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             lately
             estimated
             by
             that
             judicious
             and
             great
             encourager
             of
             the
             Planters
             ,
             
               S.
               Tho.
               Modiford
               Baronett
            
             ,
             late
             Governour
             of
             the
             said
             Island
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Directions
             about
             a
             Cocao
             Walk
             .
          
           
             
               First
               ,
               take
               up
               5
               or
               600.
               
               Acres
               of
               Land
               ,
               which
               be
               sure
               choose
               in
               a
               good
               place
               proper
               to
               produce
               the
               Cocao
               ,
               which
               will
               cost
               for
               the
               Surveying
               and
               Patent
               010
               l.
               0
               s.
               
            
             
               For
               3
               
                 Negro
                 men
              
               ,
               and
               as
               many
               
                 Negro
                 women
              
               at
               20
               
                 l.
                 per
              
               head
               120
               l.
               0
               s.
               
            
             
               For
               4
               
                 White
                 Servants
              
               ,
               with
               their
               Passage
               and
               Dyet
               for
               a
               year
               080
               l.
               0
               s.
               
            
             
               For
               20
               
                 Axes
                 ,
                 20
                 Bills
              
               ,
               and
               20
               Hoos
               for
               them
               005
               l.
               0
               s.
               
            
             
               
               For
               6.
               
               
                 Negroes
                 Dyet
              
               ,
               for
               Six
               months
               at
               2
               
                 s.
                 per
                 Day
              
               ,
               until
               you
               have
               some
               provisions
               Grown
               in
               your
               Plantation
               .
               018
               l.
               5
               s.
               
            
             
               For
               an
               Overseer
               to
               look
               after
               the
               Servants
               ,
               for
               his
               
                 Wages
                 ▪
              
               and
               Diet
               at
               40
               
                 s.
                 per
                 Month
              
               024
               l.
               0
               s.
               
            
             
               In
               all
               257
               l.
               5
               s.
               
            
          
           
             And
             for
             the
             employing
             these
             Servants
             in
             your
             Plantation
             as
             followeth
             :
             supposing
             them
             to
             Land
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             on
             the
             Plantation
             the
             first
             of
             March
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             have
             by
             the
             middle
             of
             that
             month
             (
             as
             they
             may
             very
             easily
             )
             cleared
             a
             convenient
             place
             ,
             and
             built
             fitting
             houseing
             for
             the
             lodging
             
             them
             .
             Then
             put
             them
             to
             falling
             ,
             cleaning
             ,
             and
             planting
             a
             
               Potato
               peece
            
             of
             4.
             
             Acres
             ,
             which
             
               ten
               hands
            
             will
             very
             well
             do
             by
             the
             middle
             of
             April
             :
             after
             this
             ,
             you
             may
             clean
             ,
             and
             plant
             with
             Rue
             and
             Plantin-Trees
             ,
             until
             the
             last
             of
             February
             ,
             which
             is
             above
             10
             Months
             ;
             in
             which
             time
             they
             may
             with
             ease
             have
             cleansed
             and
             Planted
             21.
             
             Acres
             ,
             besides
             keeping
             them
             clean
             which
             are
             Planted
             and
             are
             still
             a
             Planting
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             time
             ,
             which
             compleats
             the
             Year
             ,
             you
             may
             be
             full
             of
             Potatoes
             and
             Corn
             ,
             and
             within
             2.
             
             Months
             of
             the
             new
             Year
             ,
             with
             Plantins
             ,
             and
             a
             small
             stock
             of
             Hoggs
             ,
             and
             Fowles
             ;
             so
             that
             you
             will
             be
             at
             no
             more
             charge
             for
             Provisions
             for
             your
             Servants
             .
             And
             then
             to
             keep
             this
             clean
             ,
             and
             to
             plant
             the
             Cocao-Walk
             ,
             and
             for
             five
             more
             
               Negro
               
               Men
            
             ,
             and
             5.
             
             Negro-Women
             to
             buy
             about
             the
             first
             of
             March
             following
             ,
             at
             20
             
               l.
               per
               Negroe
            
             comes
             to
             200
             l.
             
          
           
             And
             in
             that
             Month
             you
             will
             have
             Planted
             Cocao-Trees
             out
             of
             the
             Nuts
             ,
             or
             Seed
             ,
             betwixt
             all
             the
             Rows
             of
             the
             Plantin-Trees
             ,
             that
             are
             6.
             
             Foot
             high
             ;
             so
             that
             by
             the
             first
             of
             June
             ,
             the
             whole
             21
             Acres
             that
             were
             planted
             the
             last
             Year
             ,
             will
             be
             full
             of
             Cocao-Trees
             ,
             and
             by
             that
             time
             you
             will
             have
             (
             besides
             much
             other
             work
             done
             )
             21.
             
             Acres
             of
             Cocao-Trees
             in
             the
             ground
             ;
             which
             in
             less
             then
             4.
             years
             ,
             from
             the
             Planting
             ,
             will
             begin
             to
             bear
             Cods
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             year
             after
             ,
             produce
             compleat
             Cropps
             .
             And
             according
             to
             experience
             ,
             an
             Acre
             doth
             produce
             every
             year
             about
             1000.
             pound
             Weight
             ;
             which
             at
             Jamaica
             is
             worth
             4
             
               l.
               per
               Cent.
            
             which
             for
             the
             21
             Acres
             ,
             
             doth
             amount
             unto
             840
             
               l.
               per
               Ann.
               Although
            
             this
             last
             year
             ,
             by
             reason
             their
             Cropps
             were
             blasted
             ,
             it
             is
             at
             present
             far
             dearer
             ,
             the
             
               Hundred
               weight
            
             at
             London
             being
             now
             worth
             18.
             pound
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             The
             charges
             of
             gathering
             and
             houseing
             the
             Cocao
             ,
             is
             inconsiderable
             ,
             only
             Cloths
             or
             Baggs
             to
             put
             it
             in
             ,
             which
             with
             some
             other
             incident
             charges
             ,
             may
             be
             reckoned
             at
             the
             most
             (
             as
             all
             things
             else
             have
             been
             )
             to
             Amount
             to
             42.
             l.
             15.
             s.
             more
             ,
             which
             makes
             up
             just
             500.
             l.
             
          
           
             Note
             ,
             that
             all
             this
             that
             is
             Planted
             ,
             is
             done
             in
             15.
             months
             ,
             and
             the
             Cocao
             bears
             not
             compleatly
             until
             the
             sixth
             year
             from
             the
             first
             begining
             ,
             or
             comming
             ;
             so
             that
             you
             will
             have
             four
             years
             and
             nine
             months
             at
             liberty
             with
             your
             Servants
             ,
             either
             to
             encrease
             the
             Cocao-Walk
             ,
             building
             of
             convenient
             
             houses
             ,
             and
             makeing
             of
             Garidens
             for
             pleasure
             ;
             or
             else
             you
             may
             fall
             on
             
               Ginger
               ,
               Indico
            
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             Commodity
             for
             present
             profit
             ,
             which
             perhapps
             may
             be
             necessary
             for
             such
             as
             cannot
             forbear
             their
             Money
             ,
             until
             the
             
               Cocao
               Walk
            
             doth
             come
             to
             perfection
             as
             aforesaid
             :
             after
             which
             ,
             you
             will
             find
             sufficient
             profit
             as
             is
             exprest
             ,
             Sickness
             ,
             
             Mortality
             ,
             and
             running
             away
             Excepted
             .
             Yet
             it
             cannot
             be
             expected
             ,
             but
             that
             as
             the
             Island
             encreaseth
             in
             this
             Commodity
             ,
             they
             must
             some-what
             abate
             the
             present
             Price
             ,
             and
             content
             themselves
             with
             a
             more
             moderate
             Gaines
             .
          
           
             And
             according
             to
             this
             Calculation
             proportionably
             a
             greater
             or
             lesser
             Cocao-Walk
             may
             be
             undertaken
             ,
             and
             performed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Cattle
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Isle
             are
             greater
             abundance
             
             of
             Cattle
             then
             in
             most
             of
             the
             
               English
               Plantations
            
             in
             America
             ;
             as
             Horses
             ,
             
             which
             are
             here
             so
             plentiful
             ,
             that
             a
             good
             Horse
             may
             be
             bought
             for
             6
             or
             7
             l.
             
          
           
             Their
             Cowes
             are
             very
             large
             ,
             
             and
             so
             numerous
             ,
             that
             although
             there
             hath
             been
             every
             Year
             so
             many
             Killed
             ,
             yet
             their
             number
             seemeth
             not
             much
             to
             be
             lessoned
             .
          
           
             Assnegroes
             and
             Mules
             (
             both
             wild
             and
             Tame
             )
             are
             very
             many
             ,
             
             which
             are
             found
             to
             be
             very
             serviceable
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             Their
             Sheep
             are
             large
             ,
             
             and
             tall
             ,
             and
             their
             Flesh
             good
             ,
             but
             their
             Wool
             is
             long
             ,
             hairy
             ,
             and
             little
             worth
             .
          
           
             Goats
             are
             many
             ,
             
             which
             thrive
             exceedingly
             well
             ,
             the
             Countrey
             being
             very
             fit
             for
             them
             .
          
           
             Hoggs
             are
             here
             in
             exceeding
             great
             plenty
             ,
             
             as
             well
             those
             wild
             in
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             as
             tame
             in
             the
             
             Plantations
             ,
             whose
             Flesh
             is
             far
             better
             tasted
             ,
             and
             more
             nourishing
             and
             easier
             to
             be
             digested
             then
             those
             of
             England
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             reason
             that
             it
             is
             so
             much
             eaten
             in
             this
             Island
             ;
             as
             indeed
             throughout
             the
             West-Indies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Fish
             .
          
           
             This
             Island
             hath
             both
             in
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             
             
               Bayes
               ,
               Roads
            
             ,
             and
             Creeks
             ,
             very
             excellent
             Fish
             ,
             and
             in
             such
             abundance
             that
             it
             contributes
             much
             to
             the
             feeding
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ;
             and
             those
             that
             frequent
             this
             Isle
             ,
             say
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             few
             or
             none
             of
             those
             sorts
             common
             to
             us
             in
             England
             ;
             but
             such
             great
             Variety
             of
             those
             appropriated
             to
             the
             Indies
             ,
             that
             it
             would
             be
             too
             tedious
             to
             Repeat
             the
             names
             of
             them
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             known
             or
             Remembred
             .
          
           
           
             The
             principal
             sort
             is
             the
             Tortoise
             ,
             which
             they
             take
             plentifully
             on
             the
             Coast
             ;
             
             and
             about
             20.
             or
             30.
             
             
               Leagues
               to
               the
               Leeward
            
             of
             port
             Negril
             ,
             by
             the
             Isles
             of
             Camavos
             ,
             in
             the
             months
             of
             
               May
               ,
               June
            
             ,
             and
             July
             ,
             do
             resort
             great
             store
             of
             Ships
             from
             the
             
               Carribbee
               Isles
            
             to
             Victual
             and
             Load
             with
             this
             Fish
             ,
             it
             being
             reputed
             to
             be
             the
             wholsomest
             and
             best
             provision
             in
             all
             the
             Indies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Fowls
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             very
             great
             plenty
             of
             tame
             Hens
             ,
             
             Turkies
             ,
             and
             some
             Ducks
             ;
             but
             of
             wild
             Fowle
             infinite
             store
             ,
             as
             
               Ducks
               ,
               Teale
               ,
               Wigen
               ,
               Geese
               ,
               Turkeys
               ,
               Pigeons
               ,
               Guine-Hens
               ,
               Plovers
               ,
               Flemingo's
               ,
               Snipes
               ,
               Parats
               ,
               Parachetos
               ,
            
             with
             very
             many
             others
             ,
             whose
             names
             are
             not
             known
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             
               There
               are
               great
               plenty
               of
               choise
               and
               excellent
            
             Fruits
             
               in
               this
            
             Island
             ,
             
             as
             Oranges
             ,
             Pome-granates
             ,
             Cocar-Nuts
             ,
             Limes
             ,
             Guavars
             ,
             Mammes
             ,
             Alumee-Supotas
             ,
             Suppotillias
             ,
             Avocatas
             ,
             Cashues
             ,
             Prickle-Aples
             ,
             Prickle-Pears
             ,
             Grapes
             ,
             Sower-Sops
             ,
             Custard-Aples
             ,
             Dildowes
             ,
             
               and
               many
               others
               whose
               names
               are
               not
               known
               ,
               or
               too
               tedious
               to
               name
               ,
               besides
            
             Plantains
             ,
             Pines
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Herbes
             ,
             and
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Here
             likewise
             grows
             very
             well
             ,
             all
             manner
             of
             Summer
             -
             Garden-Herbs
             and
             Roots
             common
             to
             us
             in
             England
             ,
             
             as
             
               Radish
               ,
               Lettis
               ,
               Purseley
               ,
               Cucumbers
               ,
               Melons
               ,
               Parsley
               ,
               Pot-herbs
               ,
            
             also
             
               Beanes
               ,
               Pease
               ,
               
               Cabbages
               ,
               Colly-Flowers
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Diseases
             .
          
           
             It
             hath
             been
             experimentally
             found
             ,
             
             that
             there
             is
             no
             such
             Antipathy
             betwixt
             the
             constitutions
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             this
             clime
             ,
             for
             the
             occasioning
             Sickness
             to
             be
             Mortal
             or
             Contageous
             ,
             more
             than
             in
             other
             parts
             ;
             for
             if
             a
             good
             Dyet
             ,
             and
             moderate
             Exercises
             are
             used
             ,
             without
             excess
             of
             Drinking
             they
             may
             enjoy
             a
             competent
             measure
             of
             Health
             .
          
           
             The
             Diseases
             that
             Strangers
             are
             most
             incident
             to
             ,
             
             are
             Dropsies
             (
             occasioned
             often
             by
             ill
             
               diet
               ,
               drunkeness
            
             ,
             and
             
               slothfulness
               )
               Calentures
            
             too
             frequently
             the
             product
             of
             Surfits
             ,
             also
             Feavers
             ,
             and
             Agues
             ,
             which
             although
             very
             troublesome
             ,
             yet
             are
             seldome
             Mortal
             .
          
           
           
             And
             the
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             Mortality
             of
             the
             Army
             ,
             at
             their
             first
             arrival
             ,
             was
             their
             want
             of
             Provisions
             ,
             together
             with
             an
             unwillingness
             to
             labour
             or
             excercise
             ,
             joyned
             with
             discontent
             .
          
        
         
           
             Hurtful
             things
             .
          
           
             There
             are
             upon
             this
             Island
             ,
             very
             few
             obnoctious
             
               Beasts
               ,
               Insects
            
             ,
             or
             Plants
             .
          
           
             Here
             is
             the
             Manchonele
             ,
             
             which
             is
             a
             king
             of
             a
             Crab
             ,
             so
             common
             in
             all
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             Snakes
             ,
             
             and
             Guianas
             ,
             but
             no
             poysonous
             quality
             is
             observed
             in
             them
             .
          
           
             In
             many
             of
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             Land-Ponds
             ,
             are
             Alligators
             ,
             
             which
             are
             very
             voracious
             Creatures
             ,
             yet
             seldome
             do
             they
             prey
             upon
             a
             Man
             ,
             as
             being
             very
             easy
             to
             be
             avoided
             ,
             
             for
             he
             can
             only
             move
             forwards
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             doth
             with
             great
             Swiftness
             and
             Strength
             ,
             and
             is
             as
             slow
             in
             turning
             .
             Some
             are
             10
             ,
             15
             ,
             or
             20
             foot
             long
             ,
             their
             backs
             are
             scaly
             and
             impenetrable
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             are
             hardly
             to
             be
             killed
             ,
             except
             in
             the
             Belly
             or
             Eye
             .
             They
             have
             four
             Feet
             or
             Finns
             with
             which
             they
             go
             or
             swim
             .
             They
             are
             observed
             to
             make
             no
             kind
             of
             Noise
             :
             and
             the
             usual
             course
             for
             the
             getting
             their
             Prey
             ,
             is
             to
             lie
             on
             the
             banks
             of
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             as
             any
             Beast
             or
             Fowle
             cometh
             to
             drink
             ,
             they
             suddenly
             seize
             on
             them
             ;
             and
             the
             rather
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             do
             so
             much
             resemble
             a
             long
             peece
             of
             dry
             wood
             ,
             or
             some
             dead
             thing
             .
             And
             as
             these
             Allegators
             are
             thus
             obnoctious
             on
             the
             one
             hand
             ,
             so
             are
             they
             found
             to
             be
             useful
             on
             the
             other
             ,
             for
             their
             Fat
             is
             a
             Sovereign
             Oyntment
             for
             any
             internal
             
             Ach
             or
             Pain
             in
             the
             Joynts
             ,
             or
             Bones
             .
             They
             have
             in
             them
             Musk-codds
             ,
             which
             are
             stronger
             scented
             then
             those
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             their
             strong
             smell
             ,
             they
             are
             discovered
             ,
             and
             avoyded
             ;
             which
             ●s
             supposed
             the
             Cattle
             by
             instinct
             of
             Nature
             ,
             are
             also
             sencible
             of
             ,
             and
             do
             by
             that
             means
             often
             shun
             them
             .
             They
             lay
             Eggs
             in
             the
             Sand
             lay
             the
             water-side
             ,
             which
             are
             no
             bigger
             than
             a
             Turkeys
             ,
             which
             they
             ●over
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             the
             young
             ones
             are
             hatched
             ,
             who
             naturally
             creep
             into
             the
             water
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             also
             Muskettoes
             and
             Merry-wings
             ,
             
             a
             sort
             of
             stinging
             Flies
             that
             are
             troublesome
             in
             some
             parts
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             
             but
             are
             seldome
             found
             in
             the
             
               English
               Plantations
            
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Harbours
             ,
             Roads
             ,
             and
             Bays
             ▪
          
           
             This
             Island
             abounds
             with
             goo●
             
               Bayes
               ,
               Roads
            
             ,
             and
             Harbours
             :
             th●
             Principal
             amongst
             which
             are
          
           
             Port-Royal
             ,
             
             formerly
             called
             Cagway
             ,
             situate
             on
             the
             extream
             en●
             of
             that
             long
             point
             of
             Land
             whic●
             makes
             the
             Harbour
             ,
             which
             is
             e●ceeding
             commodious
             for
             Shippin●
             and
             secured
             by
             one
             of
             the
             stronge●●
             and
             most
             considerable
             Castles
             th●●
             his
             Majesty
             hath
             in
             all
             Americ●
             in
             which
             are
             mounted
             about
             6●
             peeces
             of
             Ordnance
             ,
             and
             is
             we●●
             guarded
             with
             Souldiers
             .
             It
             is
             land
             lock't
             by
             a
             point
             of
             Land
             that
             run
             12
             miles
             South-East
             from
             the
             mai●
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             having
             the
             great
             R●ver
             that
             runs
             by
             
               Los
               Angelos
            
             ,
             and●
             St.
             Jago
             falling
             into
             it
             ,
             where
             Ship●
             do
             commonly
             water
             ,
             and
             conven●ently
             
             wood
             .
             The
             Harbour
             is
             2.
             or
             3.
             leagues
             cross
             in
             most
             places
             ,
             and
             hath
             every
             where
             good
             Anchorage
             ,
             which
             is
             so
             deep
             ,
             that
             a
             Ship
             of
             a
             1000
             Tunn
             may
             lay
             her
             sides
             to
             the
             shore
             of
             the
             Point
             ,
             and
             load
             ,
             and
             unload
             with
             planks
             a
             Float
             :
             which
             commodiousness
             ,
             doth
             make
             it
             to
             be
             the
             most
             frequented
             by
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             
               Merchants
               Ships
            
             of
             any
             in
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             inhabited
             by
             the
             
               Merchants
               ,
               Store-house-keepers
               ,
               Vintners
            
             ,
             &
             Alehouse-keepers
             ,
             being
             the
             only
             noted
             place
             of
             Trade
             in
             the
             Isle
             ,
             and
             doth
             contain
             (
             since
             the
             English
             became
             Masters
             of
             it
             )
             about
             800.
             
             Houses
             ,
             being
             about
             12
             miles
             and
             a
             half
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             the
             houses
             are
             as
             dear-rented
             as
             if
             they
             stood
             in
             well-traded
             Streets
             in
             London
             ;
             yet
             it
             's
             situation
             is
             very
             unpleasant
             and
             uncommodious
             ,
             having
             neither
             
               Earth
               ,
               Wood
            
             ,
             or
             Fresh-water
             ,
             
             but
             only
             made
             up
             of
             a
             hot
             loose
             Sand
             ,
             and
             being
             thus
             populous
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             frequented
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             Strangers
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             Planters
             ,
             in
             the
             negotiation
             of
             their
             Affairs
             as
             being
             the
             scale
             of
             
               Trade
               ,
               provisions
            
             are
             very
             dear
             .
             This
             Town
             or
             Port
             is
             seated
             about
             12
             miles
             from
             the
             
               Metrapolitan
               Town
            
             of
             the
             Island
             called
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             or
             St.
             
               Jago
               de
               la
               vega
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Spanish
             Town
             ;
             of
             which
             I
             shall
             treat
             anon
             .
          
           
             Port-Morant
             in
             the
             Eastern
             Point
             ,
             
             a
             very
             Capacious
             and
             secure
             Harbour
             ,
             where
             Ships
             do
             conveniently
             
               Wood
               ,
               Water
            
             ,
             and
             Ride
             safe
             from
             the
             Windes
             ,
             and
             about
             this
             place
             is
             a
             potent
             Colony
             of
             the
             
               English
               seated
            
             .
          
           
             Old-Harbour
             Westwards
             ,
             
             from
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             a
             good
             Bay
             for
             Ships
             to
             Ride
             in
             .
             
          
           
             Point-Negril
             in
             the
             extream
             
             Western
             Point
             ,
             very
             good
             and
             sufficiently
             convenient
             ,
             and
             secure
             to
             windward
             ,
             in
             which
             men
             of
             war
             do
             often
             ply
             ,
             when
             they
             look
             for
             the
             
               Spanish
               Ships
            
             ,
             whence
             a
             little
             North-west
             ,
             was
             seated
             the
             Old
             town
             of
             Melilla
             ,
             founded
             by
             Columbus
             ,
             after
             the
             shipwrack
             there
             ;
             which
             was
             the
             1st
             place
             that
             the
             Spaniards
             setled
             at
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             deserted
             .
          
           
             Port-Antonio
             seated
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             
             a
             very
             safe
             land-lock't-Harbour
             ,
             only
             the
             coming
             in
             is
             somwhat
             difficult
             ,
             the
             Channel
             being
             narrowed
             by
             a
             little
             Island
             that
             lies
             off
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             Port
             ,
             being
             wholly
             taken
             up
             by
             the
             Right
             Honourable
             ,
             Charles
             Earl
             of
             Carlisle
             ,
             Visc
             .
             Howard
             of
             Morpeth
             ,
             Lord
             Dacres
             of
             Gilsland
             ,
             Lord
             Lieutenant
             of
             the
             Counties
             of
             Cumberland
             and
             Westmerland
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             the
             Lords
             of
             his
             Majesties
             most
             Honourable
             Privy
             Council
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             Here
             are
             several
             other
             good
             Bayes
             ,
             
             and
             Harbours
             ,
             along
             the
             Coast
             of
             this
             Island
             ;
             the
             names
             of
             which
             are
             set
             down
             in
             the
             Map
             ,
             amongst
             which
             ,
             these
             are
             very
             commodious
             and
             good
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             
               In
               the
               South-part
            
             
               Michaels
               Hole
               .
            
             
               Micary
               Bay.
               
            
             
               Allegator
               Pont.
               
            
             
               Point
               Pedro.
               
            
             
               Pallate
               Bay.
               
            
             
               Lewana
               Bay.
               
            
             
               Blewfelds
               Bay.
               
            
             
               Cabaritaes
               Bay.
               
               
                 
                   All
                   very
                   good
                   and
                   Commodious
                   Bayes
                   
                     for
                     Ships
                  
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
               In
               the
               North-part
            
             
               Porto-Maria
            
             
               Ora
               Cabessa
            
             
               Cold-Harbour
            
             
               Rio-Nova
            
             
               Montega-Bay
            
             
               Orang-Bay
               
                 
                   All
                   very
                   good
                   Bays
                   
                     for
                     Shipping
                  
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Towns.
             
          
           
             There
             are
             at
             present
             but
             three
             Towns
             of
             considerable
             Note
             in
             the
             Island
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
          
           
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             
             or
             St.
             
               Jago
               de-lavega
            
             seated
             6
             Miles
             within
             the
             Land
             North-West
             ,
             in
             a
             Plaine
             ,
             by
             a
             River
             ,
             and
             about
             12.
             miles
             from
             Port-Royal
             already
             treated
             of
             ,
             which
             makes
             another
             of
             the
             3
             Towns.
             This
             town
             of
             St.
             Jago
             when
             the
             Spaniards
             were
             Masters
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             was
             a
             large
             City
             ,
             and
             of
             great
             Account
             ,
             containing
             about
             2000
             Houses
             ,
             and
             for
             Divine
             Worship
             ,
             had
             2
             
               Churches
               ,
               2
               Chappels
            
             ,
             and
             an
             Abbey
             ;
             which
             when
             the
             English
             first
             took
             the
             Isle
             (
             under
             the
             conduct
             of
             
               General
               Venables
            
             )
             were
             destroyed
             to
             about
             4
             or
             500
             Houses
             ,
             and
             its
             Churches
             and
             Chappels
             
             to
             a
             fewer
             number
             ,
             &
             those
             that
             remained
             were
             sufficiently
             Spoiled
             and
             haraced
             .
             But
             since
             the
             English
             have
             made
             a
             settlement
             ,
             this
             Towne
             is
             now
             of
             considerable
             account
             ;
             where
             the
             Governour
             resideth
             ,
             and
             where
             the
             chief
             Courts
             of
             Judicature
             are
             held
             ,
             which
             makes
             it
             to
             be
             well
             resorted
             unto
             ,
             and
             Inhabited
             ;
             so
             that
             most
             of
             its
             ruinous
             Houses
             are
             in
             a
             faire
             way
             of
             being
             repaired
             ,
             and
             in
             hopes
             to
             arrive
             to
             a
             greater
             largeness
             then
             formerly
             it
             was
             ,
             here
             being
             several
             fair
             and
             well
             built
             Houses
             :
             and
             the
             Inhabitants
             live
             in
             great
             Pleasure
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             their
             Havana
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             better
             sort
             recreate
             themselves
             every
             evening
             in
             their
             Coaches
             ,
             or
             an
             horse-back
             ,
             as
             the
             Gentry
             do
             here
             in
             
               Hide
               Park
            
             .
          
           
             Passage
             seated
             on
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             six
             miles
             distant
             from
             
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             from
             Port-Royal
             ,
             where
             there
             are
             about
             20
             Houses
             ,
             built
             for
             the
             conveniency
             of
             going
             to
             Port-Royal
             ;
             and
             here
             is
             a
             Fort
             raised
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             secure
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             here
             were
             several
             other
             Townes
             which
             are
             now
             of
             no
             Account
             ;
             of
             which
             said
             Townes
             ,
             these
             three
             following
             were
             of
             most
             nore
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             Sevilla
             feared
             on
             the
             North
             part
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             
             once
             beautified
             with
             a
             Collegiate-Church
             ,
             whose
             chief
             bore
             the
             title
             of
             Abbot
             :
             amongst
             whom
             was
             
               Peter
               Martyr
            
             ,
             who
             described
             the
             History
             of
             the
             West-Indies
             by
             Decates
             .
          
           
             Mellila
             seated
             in
             the
             North
             East
             ,
             
             where
             Columbus
             mended
             his
             Ships
             at
             his
             return
             from
             Veragua
             ,
             where
             he
             was
             neer
             Ship-wrackt
             .
          
           
           
             Orista
             reguards
             the
             South-Sea
             ,
             
             in
             which
             are
             many
             Rocks
             ,
             and
             amongst
             their
             Banks
             ,
             some
             Isles
             ,
             as
             
               Servavilla
               ,
               Quitosvena
            
             ,
             and
             Serrana
             ,
             where
             
               Augustin
               Pedro
               Serrana
            
             lost
             his
             Vessel
             ,
             and
             saved
             onely
             himself
             ,
             and
             here
             in
             a
             solitary
             and
             lone
             Condition
             passed
             away
             3
             Yeares
             ;
             at
             the
             end
             of
             which
             time
             he
             had
             the
             company
             of
             a
             Marriner
             for
             4
             Years
             more
             ,
             that
             was
             likewise
             there
             Ship-wrackt
             ,
             and
             also
             alone
             saved
             himself
             .
          
           
             And
             although
             there
             are
             for
             the
             present
             no
             more
             Townes
             ,
             
             yet
             the
             Island
             is
             divided
             into
             14
             
               Precincts
               ,
               Divisions
            
             ,
             or
             Parishes
             ,
             which
             are
             set
             forth
             in
             the
             Map
             ;
             many
             of
             which
             said
             Precincts
             are
             well
             Inhabited
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             very
             good
             Plantations
             ,
             especially
             all
             the
             southern
             part
             from
             
             Point-Morant
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             almost
             to
             Point-Negrillo
             in
             the
             West
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             the
             ridge
             or
             chain
             of
             Mountaines
             that
             runneth
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Isle
             ;
             nor
             are
             its
             northerns
             Parts
             ,
             (
             especially
             near
             unto
             the
             Sea
             )
             without
             Inhabitants
             and
             Plantations
             ,
             though
             not
             so
             thick
             as
             South-wardly
             about
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             but
             of
             late
             have
             much
             encreased
             .
             And
             for
             the
             better
             Satisfying
             the
             Reader
             ,
             
             the
             Parts
             throughout
             the
             Island
             where
             the
             English
             have
             made
             their
             Settlements
             ,
             are
             Marked
             and
             distinguished
             in
             the
             Map
             by
             Cyphers
             .
          
           
             I
             cannot
             certainely
             affirm
             the
             number
             of
             the
             English
             in
             this
             Isle
             ,
             but
             according
             to
             the
             last
             survey
             taken
             and
             returned
             into
             England
             some
             Yeares
             since
             ,
             by
             Sr.
             
               Thomas
               Modiford
            
             ,
             late
             Governour
             ,
             each
             Precinct
             ,
             or
             Parish
             contained
             as
             followeth
             :
          
           
           
             A
             general
             Account
             of
             the
             Precincts
             ,
             or
             Parishes
             ,
             Families
             ,
             and
             Inhabitants
             in
             Jamaica
             ,
             taken
             by
             order
             of
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Modiford
            
             ,
             then
             Governour
             as
             aforesaid
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   Parishes
                   .
                
                 
                   Families
                   .
                
                 
                   Inhabitants
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Port-Royal
                
                 
                   500
                
                 
                   3500
                
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   Katherines
                
                 
                   658
                
                 
                   6270
                
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   Johns
                
                 
                   083
                
                 
                   996
                
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   Andrews
                
                 
                   194
                
                 
                   1552
                
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   Davids
                
                 
                   080
                
                 
                   960
                
              
               
                 
                   St.
                   Thomas
                
                 
                   059
                
                 
                   590
                
              
               
                 
                   Clarindon
                
                 
                   143
                
                 
                   1430
                
              
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   1714
                
                 
                   15298
                
              
            
          
           
             Note
             ,
             that
             the
             Four
             Parishes
             on
             the
             North-side
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             to
             witt
             ,
             St.
             George's
             ,
             St.
             Maries
             ,
             St.
             Annes
             ,
             and
             St.
             James
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             Leeward
             most
             Parish
             called
             St.
             Elizabeth
             ,
             
             together
             with
             these
             two
             not
             named
             ,
             both
             adjoyning
             on
             St.
             Elizabeths
             ;
             the
             one
             Eastwards
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Northwards
             ,
             was
             not
             as
             then
             so
             particularly
             surveyed
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             distance
             ,
             and
             new
             Settlements
             ,
             nevertheless
             they
             were
             found
             according
             to
             Calculation
             ,
             to
             amount
             to
             about
             2000
             Inhabitants
             .
             But
             all
             these
             parts
             ,
             as
             also
             those
             seven
             aforenamed
             are
             now
             exceedingly
             encreased
             ,
             being
             supposed
             to
             be
             encreased
             to
             double
             ,
             if
             not
             treble
             the
             number
             .
             And
             the
             great
             encouragement
             of
             gaining
             Riches
             ,
             with
             a
             pleasant
             life
             ,
             doth
             invite
             every
             year
             abundance
             of
             People
             to
             Inhabite
             here
             ,
             quitting
             their
             concerns
             at
             Barbadoes
             ,
             and
             other
             our
             
               American
               Plantations
            
             ;
             so
             that
             in
             a
             short
             time
             without
             doubt
             it
             will
             become
             the
             most
             potent
             and
             richest
             Plantation
             in
             the
             West-Indies
             .
          
           
           
             And
             besides
             the
             aforesaid
             number
             of
             Inhabitants
             in
             the
             said
             14
             Precincts
             or
             Parishes
             ,
             there
             are
             reckoned
             to
             belong
             to
             the
             Island
             ;
             of
             
               Privateers
               ,
               Hunters
               ,
               Sloop
            
             and
             Boatmen
             (
             which
             ply
             about
             the
             Isle
             )
             at
             the
             least
             3000
             lusty
             and
             stout
             
               Fighting
               Men
            
             ,
             whose
             courage
             hath
             been
             sufficiently
             evidenced
             in
             their
             late
             exploit
             ,
             and
             attempt
             made
             against
             the
             Spaniards
             at
             Panama
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Lawes
          
           
             Their
             Lawes
             are
             assimulated
             (
             as
             near
             as
             may
             be
             )
             to
             those
             of
             England
             ,
             
             having
             their
             several
             
               Courts
               ▪
               Magistrates
            
             ,
             and
             Officers
             ,
             for
             the
             executing
             of
             Justice
             on
             criminal
             Offenders
             ,
             and
             the
             hearing
             and
             determination
             of
             Causes
             or
             Controversies
             betwixt
             party
             ,
             and
             party
             .
          
           
             Having
             thus
             made
             a
             short
             desscription
             
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             as
             to
             its
             
               Scituation
               ,
               Fertility
               ,
               Commodities
               ,
               Harbours
               ,
               Towns
               ,
            
             and
             Precincts
             ,
             with
             an
             estimate
             of
             the
             number
             of
             its
             Inhabitants
             :
             In
             the
             next
             place
             ,
             I
             shall
             give
             you
             the
             state
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             when
             the
             Spaniards
             were
             possessors
             thereof
             ;
             and
             wind
             up
             my
             discourse
             with
             some
             seasonable
             considerations
             relating
             to
             the
             English
             Affairs
             in
             America
             ,
             with
             reasons
             to
             justifie
             the
             first
             design
             in
             taking
             it
             ,
             and
             why
             his
             Majesty
             should
             keep
             and
             support
             it
             .
             And
             of
             these
             in
             order
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             state
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             in
             this
             Island
             ,
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             first
             setled
             on
             the
             North-west
             part
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             
             under
             the
             Conduct
             of
             Columbus
             ,
             and
             built
             the
             Town
             of
             Mellila
             ,
             but
             disliking
             
             the
             Scituation
             ,
             removed
             to
             Oristana
             ;
             and
             finding
             that
             also
             to
             be
             ill
             seated
             ,
             and
             unhealthful
             ,
             again
             removed
             ,
             and
             setled
             at
             St.
             Jago
             ,
             or
             St.
             
               Jago
               de
               la
               vega
            
             ,
             where
             ,
             with
             the
             assistance
             of
             the
             Indians
             ,
             they
             built
             a
             fair
             Town
             or
             City
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             already
             treated
             of
             .
             And
             in
             this
             Town
             Inhabited
             all
             the
             Spaniards
             that
             were
             in
             the
             Isle
             at
             the
             Landing
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             keeping
             their
             slaves
             at
             their
             several
             small
             Plantations
             ,
             or
             Stanchas
             ,
             who
             failed
             not
             to
             bring
             them
             store
             of
             Fruits
             &
             Provisions
             ,
             which
             they
             luxuriously
             spent
             in
             their
             houses
             ,
             never
             intending
             any
             thing
             but
             to
             live
             at
             ease
             and
             plenty
             :
             
             For
             on
             this
             large
             and
             fertile
             Island
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             Manufacture
             or
             Commodity
             made
             ,
             except
             a
             little
             
               Sugar
               ,
               Tabacco
            
             ,
             and
             Cocao
             ,
             and
             those
             few
             Ships
             that
             came
             hither
             ,
             traded
             generally
             for
             
               Hydes
               ,
               
               Tallow
               ,
               Jamaica
               Pepper
               ,
            
             and
             Cocao
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             any
             considerable
             account
             .
             And
             the
             number
             of
             Inhabitants
             did
             not
             exceed
             3000
             ,
             of
             which
             ,
             half
             (
             if
             not
             more
             )
             were
             Slaves
             .
             And
             the
             reason
             why
             it
             was
             so
             thinly
             peopled
             ,
             was
             ,
             because
             the
             Spaniards
             generally
             desire
             to
             be
             in
             
               Nova
               Hispana
            
             ,
             or
             Hispaniola
             ;
             but
             chiefly
             ,
             because
             this
             Isle
             was
             held
             ▪
             in
             proprietership
             ,
             by
             the
             heirs
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Veragua-Columbus
             ,
             who
             received
             the
             Revenues
             ,
             and
             placed
             Governours
             ,
             as
             absolute
             Lord
             of
             it
             .
             And
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             it
             was
             planted
             by
             a
             kind
             of
             Portugals
             ,
             the
             society
             of
             whom
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             abhors
             .
          
           
             Upon
             the
             approach
             of
             the
             English-Army
             after
             their
             landing
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             St.
             Jago
             deserted
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             betook
             themselves
             to
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             pretending
             a
             
             Treaty
             with
             the
             English
             ,
             untill
             such
             time
             as
             they
             had
             secured
             their
             Women
             and
             Goods
             ,
             and
             then
             did
             they
             make
             several
             attempts
             ,
             and
             upon
             surprisals
             ,
             murthered
             many
             of
             the
             English
             ;
             but
             the
             Spaniards
             soon
             growing
             weary
             of
             that
             wild
             and
             mountainous
             course
             of
             Life
             ,
             perceiving
             small
             hopes
             of
             expelling
             the
             English
             ,
             divers
             of
             the
             Grandees
             got
             into
             Cuba
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             Vice-Roy
             of
             Alexico's
             order
             ,
             were
             commanded
             back
             ,
             with
             a
             promise
             of
             a
             speedy
             and
             considerable
             supply
             of
             men
             ;
             upon
             which
             they
             returned
             ,
             somwhat
             encouraged
             ,
             and
             dispersed
             themselves
             by
             Families
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             the
             better
             get
             provisions
             ,
             and
             avoid
             the
             being
             discovered
             by
             the
             English
             ;
             but
             this
             necessitous
             and
             unusual
             course
             of
             life
             ,
             killed
             many
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             discouraged
             the
             rest
             ;
             for
             that
             in
             all
             this
             time
             
             there
             came
             to
             their
             succour
             ,
             but
             too
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             those
             refused
             to
             joyn
             with
             them
             ,
             as
             being
             so
             few
             and
             sickly
             ;
             so
             that
             they
             marched
             back
             to
             the
             North
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             place
             called
             St.
             Chereras
             ,
             did
             fortify
             themselves
             ,
             every
             day
             expecting
             a
             new
             body
             of
             Men
             to
             joyn
             with
             them
             :
             But
             the
             English
             discovering
             their
             quarters
             ,
             marched
             against
             them
             .
             Some
             few
             months
             after
             ,
             about
             30
             small
             Companies
             of
             the
             
               Spanish
               Forces
            
             arrives
             ,
             and
             immediately
             very
             strongly
             Fortify
             
               Rio
               Nova
            
             ,
             having
             Ordnance
             ,
             and
             great
             store
             of
             Ammunition
             ,
             yet
             were
             they
             speedily
             and
             succesfully
             defeated
             by
             the
             Valour
             of
             the
             English
             under
             the
             Conduct
             of
             Leiutenant
             General
             
               Edw.
               D'oyley
            
             .
             And
             this
             grand
             disaster
             ,
             with
             many
             petty
             ill
             successes
             caused
             the
             Spaniards
             to
             dispair
             of
             regaining
             the
             Island
             ,
             
             and
             to
             ship
             off
             most
             of
             their
             Plat●●
             and
             Women
             ;
             and
             the
             Negroes
             finding
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             their
             Masters
             to
             be
             dead
             ,
             killed
             the
             Governour
             ,
             and
             declined
             all
             obedience
             to
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             appointing
             a
             Black
             for
             their
             Governour
             .
             And
             such
             was
             the
             necessity
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             that
             instead
             of
             giving
             them
             fitting
             correction
             ,
             they
             were
             constrained
             to
             Court
             them
             for
             their
             assistance
             ;
             but
             all
             their
             policy
             would
             not
             prevail
             upon
             them
             ,
             for
             soon
             after
             did
             they
             submitt
             to
             the
             
               English
               Goverment
            
             ,
             and
             made
             discoveries
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             and
             Negroes
             that
             would
             not
             come
             in
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             did
             further
             assist
             the
             English
             in
             the
             taking
             of
             them
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             have
             been
             exceeding
             succesful
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             year
             following
             ,
             the
             Spaniards
             quite
             deserted
             the
             Island
             ,
             except
             it
             were
             about
             30
             or
             40
             of
             
             their
             Slaves
             ,
             who
             betook
             themselves
             to
             the
             Mountaines
             ,
             but
             being
             afraid
             of
             a
             Discovery
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             pursued
             to
             Death
             for
             some
             Murthers
             they
             had
             committed
             ,
             built
             themselves
             Conoas
             ,
             and
             in
             them
             fled
             to
             Cuba
             ,
             and
             never
             since
             hath
             any
             considerable
             attempt
             been
             made
             upon
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             being
             thus
             become
             Masters
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             formed
             themselves
             into
             a
             Body
             ,
             or
             Colony
             :
             Then
             did
             they
             they
             begin
             to
             settle
             themselves
             in
             Plantations
             ,
             whilst
             others
             betook
             themselves
             to
             the
             Sea
             as
             Freebooters
             or
             Privateers
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             secure
             themselves
             against
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             and
             force
             them
             to
             a
             peace
             by
             their
             frequent
             annoying
             them
             ,
             in
             seizing
             such
             their
             ships
             which
             they
             could
             meet
             with
             ,
             which
             proved
             very
             succesful
             unto
             them
             .
             And
             this
             
             caused
             the
             Isle
             to
             be
             much
             talked
             of
             ,
             and
             had
             in
             esteem
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             who
             sent
             them
             supplies
             of
             Men
             ,
             Provisions
             ,
             and
             necessaryes
             .
             And
             thus
             by
             little
             and
             little
             it
             became
             to
             be
             so
             potent
             as
             now
             it
             is
             .
          
        
         
           
             Governours
             since
             the
             English
             were
             Masters
             of
             the
             Island
             .
          
           
             This
             Island
             (
             since
             the
             English
             have
             been
             Masters
             of
             it
             )
             hath
             had
             four
             Governours
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             ,
             Leiutenant
             General
             
               Edward
               D'oyley
            
             ,
             who
             before
             his
             Majesties
             happy
             Restauration
             ,
             was
             Commander
             in
             cheif
             of
             all
             the
             
               English
               Army
            
             by
             Land
             and
             Sea
             in
             America
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             ,
             the
             Right
             Honourable
             Thomas
             Lord
             Winsor
             ,
             who
             is
             now
             
               Lord
               Leiutenant
            
             of
             the
             County
             of
             Worcester
             .
          
           
           
             The
             third
             ,
             Sr.
             
               Thomas
               Modyford
            
             Baronet
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             fourth
             ,
             and
             present
             ,
             Sr.
             
               Thomas
               Lynch
            
             Knight
             .
          
        
         
           
             Some
             Considerations
             relating
             to
             the
             English
             Affaires
             in
             America
             ,
             with
             Reasons
             to
             justify
             the
             first
             designe
             into
             the
             Indies
             .
          
           
             
             Spaniards
             would
             never
             contract
             a
             Peace
             with
             the
             English
             in
             America
             .
          
           
             
             They
             have
             alwayes
             taken
             our
             
               Merchants
               Ships
            
             sayling
             on
             these
             Coasts
             ,
             or
             forced
             them
             into
             their
             Harbours
             by
             distress
             of
             Weather
             .
          
           
             
             In
             the
             Reign
             of
             our
             late
             King
             (
             when
             we
             had
             Peace
             with
             them
             throughout
             Europe
             )
             they
             Sacked
             St.
             
               Christophers
               ,
               Mevis
               ,
               Providence
            
             ,
             S
             ta
             .
             Cruz
             ,
             and
             Tortugas
             ,
             murthering
             
             and
             carrying
             away
             most
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             into
             slavery
             ;
             for
             which
             they
             never
             made
             any
             repairation
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Indians
             ,
             who
             are
             the
             natural
             proprietors
             of
             America
             ,
             do
             abominate
             and
             hate
             the
             Spaniards
             for
             their
             cruelty
             and
             avarice
             ;
             and
             upon
             every
             occasion
             will
             shew
             their
             willingness
             to
             give
             themselves
             and
             their
             Countreys
             ,
             freely
             into
             the
             power
             and
             protection
             of
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             
             The
             pretented
             first
             discovery
             cannot
             give
             them
             a
             legal
             power
             over
             the
             genuine
             right
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             nor
             were
             they
             the
             first
             discoverers
             of
             all
             those
             Countreys
             that
             they
             pretend
             unto
             .
          
           
             
             The
             
               Popes
               Donation
            
             is
             of
             little
             validity
             ,
             for
             he
             hath
             given
             them
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             ,
             which
             of
             the
             two
             he
             might
             more
             legally
             do
             ,
             then
             the
             Indies
             ;
             for
             that
             the
             English
             
             have
             been
             subject
             to
             his
             power
             ,
             the
             Indians
             never
             .
          
           
             
             Possession
             is
             not
             of
             force
             to
             create
             (
             thought
             it
             confirms
             )
             a
             Right
             ,
             nor
             can
             it
             so
             alter
             the
             property
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             usurpation
             (
             for
             some
             time
             to
             continue
             )
             as
             a
             legal
             ,
             and
             just
             pretence
             of
             Dominion
             .
          
           
             
             It
             is
             against
             the
             fundamental
             Lawes
             of
             Spain
             to
             make
             a
             peace
             ,
             and
             allow
             of
             a
             Trade
             into
             the
             Indies
             ;
             now
             there
             being
             no
             
               medium
               ,
               war
            
             must
             needs
             be
             justifyable
             where
             a
             Peace
             is
             not
             allowable
             .
          
           
             
             Their
             barbarous
             cruelty
             in
             compelling
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             others
             which
             they
             have
             took
             prisoners
             ,
             to
             turn
             their
             Religion
             ,
             and
             to
             work
             at
             their
             Forts
             and
             Mines
             at
             Mexico
             ,
             and
             elsewhere
             ,
             from
             whence
             they
             can
             never
             return
             ,
             murthering
             divers
             ,
             when
             upon
             a
             Treaty
             ,
             and
             after
             promise
             of
             
             fair
             quarter
             ,
             and
             not
             Exchanging
             or
             Ransoming
             any
             ,
             although
             the
             English
             have
             freely
             given
             them
             some
             hundreds
             of
             Prisoners
             ,
             doth
             sufficiently
             justify
             any
             attempt
             or
             mischief
             we
             can
             do
             against
             them
             ,
             either
             in
             seizing
             on
             their
             Ships
             ,
             or
             the
             landing
             on
             their
             Countreys
             ,
             and
             the
             sacking
             ,
             burning
             ,
             or
             taking
             their
             Towns
             and
             Countreys
             ,
             and
             the
             dispossessing
             them
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           
             Some
             Considerations
             why
             his
             Majesty
             should
             keep
             ,
             preserve
             ,
             and
             support
             this
             Island
             .
          
           
             
             Jamaica
             is
             large
             ,
             and
             capacious
             ,
             whose
             extent
             I
             have
             already
             noted
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             is
             capable
             of
             receiving
             very
             great
             numbers
             of
             People
             .
          
           
             
             It
             is
             seated
             in
             the
             heart
             of
             
             the
             
               Spaniards
               American
               Territories
            
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             
               Spanish
               Shipps
            
             coming
             into
             the
             West-Indies
             ,
             and
             sayling
             from
             Port
             to
             Port
             ,
             either
             make
             this
             Isle
             ,
             or
             may
             be
             immediately
             met
             by
             the
             Ships
             which
             ply
             on
             this
             Coast
             ,
             which
             renders
             it
             to
             be
             of
             great
             importance
             to
             Us
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             to
             the
             Spaniards
             :
             for
             all
             the
             
               Plate
               Fleet
            
             which
             comes
             from
             Carthagena
             ,
             steer
             directly
             from
             St.
             Domingo
             in
             Hispaniola
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             must
             pass
             by
             one
             of
             the
             Ends
             of
             this
             Isle
             to
             recover
             Havana
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             common
             Rendevouze
             of
             the
             Armado
             ,
             before
             it
             returns
             home
             through
             the
             Gulph
             of
             Florida
             .
             Nor
             is
             there
             any
             other
             way
             whereby
             to
             miss
             this
             Isle
             ,
             because
             they
             cannot
             in
             a
             reasonable
             time
             turn
             it
             up
             to
             the
             windward
             of
             Hispaniola
             ,
             which
             ,
             though
             with
             great
             difficulty
             ,
             it
             might
             be
             done
             ,
             yet
             
             by
             this
             means
             they
             would
             loose
             the
             security
             of
             the
             said
             united
             Fleet
             ,
             which
             meet
             at
             Havana
             ,
             from
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             Bay
             of
             
               Mexica
               ,
               Nombre
               de
               dios
            
             ,
             and
             elsewhere
             ,
             and
             so
             accompany
             each
             other
             home
             .
          
           
             
             Jamaica
             is
             found
             to
             precede
             all
             the
             
               English
               Plantations
            
             in
             America
             ,
             in
             the
             very
             Commodities
             that
             are
             proper
             to
             their
             several
             Colonies
             ,
             and
             produceth
             also
             of
             its
             own
             
               Cocao
               ,
               Hydes
               ,
               Tortoise-shells
               ,
               Wood
            
             for
             
               Dyers
               ,
               Gums
               ,
               Druggs
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             already
             treated
             of
             ;
             and
             for
             
               Fruits
               ,
               Fowl
            
             ,
             and
             Fish
             ,
             infinite
             store
             ,
             many
             of
             which
             are
             unknown
             unto
             them
             .
             Likewise
             ,
             such
             abundance
             of
             Horses
             ,
             and
             Cowes
             ,
             that
             none
             other
             of
             the
             
               English
               Blantations
            
             can
             equalize
             them
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             this
             Island
             is
             found
             thus
             advantageous
             in
             the
             furnishing
             us
             with
             such
             good
             Commodities
             ,
             
             so
             
             is
             it
             no
             less
             profitable
             in
             the
             taking
             off
             our
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             Commodities
             ,
             as
             well
             of
             the
             product
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             as
             those
             from
             
               Forreign
               parts
            
             .
             That
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             all
             sorts
             of
             
               Stuffs
               ,
               Fabricks
            
             of
             
               Silks
               ,
               Linnen
            
             both
             fine
             and
             course
             ,
             
               Hatts
               ,
               Gloves
               ,
               Thread
               ,
               Tape
               ,
               Pinns
               ,
               Needles
               ,
               Stockings
               ,
               Shoos
            
             ;
             all
             sorts
             of
             
               Apparel
               ;
               Wine
               ,
               Brandy
               ,
               Strong-Beer
            
             ;
             All
             sorts
             of
             Utensils
             of
             Iron
             ,
             and
             other
             Mettals
             for
             
               Carpenters
               ,
               Joyners
               ,
               Smiths
               ,
               Coopers
               ,
               Mill-Wrights
               ,
            
             and
             other
             the
             like
             Tradesmen
             ,
             that
             are
             found
             useful
             for
             the
             Planters
             service
             ,
             Also
             ,
             
               Iron
               ,
               Brass
               ,
               Copper
               ,
               Steel
               ,
               Lead
            
             and
             Tinn
             unwrought
             ;
             All
             sorts
             of
             Armes
             and
             Ammunition
             :
             Also
             ,
             Servants
             ,
             and
             Negro-Slaves
             :
             And
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             all
             Commodities
             that
             are
             necessary
             ,
             and
             usefull
             either
             for
             the
             Back
             or
             Belly
             ,
             are
             here
             
             Vendible
             .
             And
             is
             observed
             ,
             that
             the
             better
             the
             Commodities
             are
             (
             especially
             Apparrel
             and
             Ornaments
             for
             the
             Back
             )
             the
             sooner
             and
             better
             are
             they
             Vended
             .
          
           
             4
             It
             appears
             to
             be
             a
             place
             of
             no
             small
             concernment
             ,
             for
             it
             hath
             not
             only
             subsisted
             at
             the
             beginning
             ,
             but
             bettered
             its
             Condition
             ,
             being
             setled
             by
             an
             Army
             (
             the
             worst
             kind
             of
             people
             to
             plant
             )
             that
             have
             had
             such
             grand
             discouragements
             from
             England
             ,
             as
             want
             of
             
               pay
               ,
               provisions
            
             ,
             and
             recruits
             of
             Men
             ;
             yet
             amongst
             themselves
             talked
             of
             all
             encouragements
             to
             Plant
             ,
             the
             establishment
             of
             Justice
             and
             Government
             ,
             besides
             ,
             the
             frequent
             attempts
             of
             the
             
               Spanish
               Forces
            
             ;
             and
             if
             it
             thus
             thrived
             under
             these
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             considerable
             obstructions
             ,
             it
             is
             more
             then
             propable
             ,
             it
             will
             in
             a
             short
             time
             become
             a
             great
             and
             profitable
             Colony
             
             both
             to
             the
             King
             and
             Kingdome
             ;
             for
             when
             well
             planted
             ,
             it
             may
             bring
             into
             his
             Majesty
             some
             
               hundred
               thousand
               pownds
               per
               Annum
               .
               Barbadoes
            
             (
             which
             is
             so
             little
             compared
             to
             this
             )
             yeilding
             about
             10000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             and
             employing
             about
             150
             or
             200
             Sayl
             of
             Ships
             yearly
             .
          
           
             
             This
             Island
             being
             so
             large
             and
             so
             fertile
             ,
             it
             is
             capable
             of
             the
             receiving
             those
             great
             numbers
             of
             people
             ,
             that
             are
             forced
             to
             desert
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             :
             Their
             Plantations
             being
             worn
             out
             ,
             and
             their
             Woods
             wasted
             ;
             as
             likewise
             those
             multitudes
             of
             Vagrants
             and
             Beggars
             that
             are
             so
             great
             a
             charge
             and
             shame
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             if
             Transported
             thither
             ,
             (
             would
             by
             their
             labours
             )
             live
             both
             honestly
             ,
             and
             plentifully
             ;
             here
             being
             observed
             to
             be
             no
             beggars
             ,
             nor
             such
             loose
             
               Vagabond
               people
            
             .
          
           
             
             This
             Island
             being
             well
             setled
             ,
             
             will
             be
             capable
             of
             it self
             to
             carry
             on
             a
             War
             against
             the
             Spaniards
             in
             the
             West-Indies
             (
             as
             occasion
             requireth
             )
             because
             of
             the
             conveniences
             of
             its
             Ports
             ,
             and
             its
             strength
             of
             Inhabitants
             and
             Shipping
             ,
             having
             already
             about
             20
             or
             30
             Sayl
             of
             Privateers
             ;
             and
             will
             in
             a
             short
             time
             be
             so
             numerous
             and
             potent
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             become
             so
             obnoxious
             to
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             that
             probably
             they
             will
             rather
             admit
             of
             a
             Trade
             into
             his
             Ports
             (
             which
             would
             prove
             a
             grand
             advantage
             both
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             this
             Kingdom
             )
             than
             suffer
             so
             disadvantageous
             a
             War.
             And
             having
             thus
             forced
             a
             Trade
             ,
             would
             gain
             the
             acquaintance
             of
             the
             Natives
             ,
             and
             learn
             their
             Customes
             ,
             and
             method
             of
             Trade
             ,
             being
             much
             inclined
             to
             love
             the
             English
             rather
             than
             the
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             
             Jamaica
             seems
             to
             be
             approved
             
             above
             any
             of
             the
             other
             Plantations
             ,
             in
             regard
             so
             many
             from
             all
             the
             
               English
               Collonyes
            
             have
             Transported
             themselves
             and
             their
             Estates
             to
             it
             ,
             who
             like
             it
             so
             well
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             no
             cause
             or
             desire
             to
             remove
             .
          
           
             
             There
             is
             now
             a
             considerable
             progress
             made
             in
             the
             setling
             of
             this
             Isle
             ,
             there
             being
             upon
             it
             many
             Plantations
             of
             
               Cocao
               ,
               Sugar
               ,
               Indico
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
            
             and
             Provisions
             ;
             and
             Inhabited
             with
             many
             thousand
             of
             of
             people
             .
             The
             Planters
             (
             for
             the
             generality
             )
             now
             living
             in
             great
             delight
             ,
             and
             enjoy
             all
             things
             necessary
             for
             Food
             and
             Rayment
             in
             a
             liberal
             measure
             ;
             and
             were
             it
             well
             Inhabited
             ,
             it
             would
             very
             much
             consume
             the
             
               English
               Manufactures
            
             ,
             and
             encourage
             Navigation
             and
             Merchandize
             .
          
           
             
             It
             cannot
             be
             imputed
             a
             disadvantage
             ,
             that
             Jamaica
             lyeth
             so
             
             far
             off
             ,
             for
             thereby
             are
             more
             Ships
             employed
             ;
             and
             by
             consequence
             ,
             more
             
               Saylors
               ,
               Shipwrights
               ,
               Rope-makers
            
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Tradesmen
             maintained
             ,
             whose
             dependance
             is
             thereon
             .
             Furthermore
             ,
             if
             it
             lay
             not
             so
             far
             ,
             we
             could
             not
             expect
             such
             Commodities
             as
             it
             produceth
             ,
             being
             appropriate
             to
             the
             Clyme
             ;
             neither
             is
             it
             a
             small
             advantage
             to
             have
             such
             Commodities
             within
             his
             
               Majesties
               Dominions
            
             (
             though
             at
             a
             distance
             )
             that
             are
             both
             valued
             and
             needed
             by
             his
             Subjects
             and
             Neighbours
             ,
             especially
             the
             Cocao
             .
          
           
             
             And
             lastly
             ,
             to
             conclude
             ,
             The
             English
             have
             one
             more
             considerable
             advantage
             by
             this
             Isle
             ,
             and
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             Coast
             of
             Virginia
             ,
             being
             subject
             to
             gusts
             of
             Winde
             ,
             the
             Ships
             loaden
             with
             Goods
             and
             Passengers
             ,
             have
             been
             often
             forced
             forth
             to
             Sea
             ,
             and
             so
             disabled
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             
             ply
             to
             any
             of
             the
             outward
             
               Caribbee
               Islands
            
             ,
             but
             have
             been
             constrained
             to
             bear
             up
             ,
             and
             put
             into
             the
             
               Spanish
               Leeward
               Ports
            
             ;
             and
             likewise
             ,
             some
             of
             our
             Merchants
             have
             been
             forced
             out
             of
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             by
             Hurricane's
             (
             which
             are
             there
             common
             )
             and
             so
             disabled
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             keep
             Sea
             ,
             but
             (
             as
             all
             Vessels
             thus
             distressed
             )
             have
             put
             into
             some
             of
             the
             
               Spanish
               Leeward
               Ports
            
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             alwayes
             ,
             been
             made
             Prizes
             .
             Now
             ,
             Jamaica
             being
             so
             far
             Leeward
             ,
             is
             a
             convenient
             Harbour
             for
             all
             Vessels
             thus
             distressed
             ;
             and
             did
             some
             few
             years
             since
             save
             Three
             
               Virginia
               Ships
            
             full
             of
             Passengers
             and
             Goods
             ,
             and
             formerly
             others
             ;
             as
             also
             some
             driven
             by
             Hurricanes
             from
             the
             
               Windward
               Islands
            
             :
             All
             which
             ,
             without
             the
             conveniency
             ,
             and
             assistance
             of
             this
             Isle
             ,
             had
             perished
             .
          
           
             map of Barbados
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           BARBADOES
           .
        
         
           BARBADOES
           the
           most
           considerable
           Colony
           the
           English
           hath
           amongst
           that
           Frye
           of
           Isles
           called
           the
           
             Caribbee
             Isles
          
           ,
           or
           the
           Antilles
           .
        
         
           
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             seated
             in
             the
             North
             Latitude
             of
             13
             degrees
             ,
             
             and
             20
             min.
             and
             although
             but
             of
             a
             small
             circuit
             ,
             (
             being
             accounted
             not
             above
             8
             Leagues
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             5
             in
             breadth
             where
             broadest
             ,
             being
             of
             an
             Oval
             Form
             )
             yet
             is
             it
             a
             potent
             Colony
             ,
             being
             able
             as
             occasion
             requireth
             ,
             to
             arm
             10000
             Fighting
             men
             ,
             which
             ,
             with
             the
             strength
             that
             nature
             hath
             bestowed
             on
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             able
             to
             bid
             defiance
             to
             the
             stoutest
             Foe
             ,
             having
             been
             several
             times
             (
             but
             in
             vain
             )
             assaulted
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             .
          
        
         
           
             Its
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             This
             Isle
             is
             not
             over-plentifully
             watered
             with
             Rivers
             ,
             
             or
             
               Fresh
               Springs
            
             ,
             there
             being
             but
             one
             that
             
             may
             appropriate
             to
             it self
             that
             Name
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             Lake
             ,
             which
             runneth
             not
             far
             into
             the
             Land
             ;
             yet
             notwithstanding
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             are
             not
             destitute
             thereof
             ,
             for
             the
             Countrey
             lying
             low
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             most
             part
             even
             ,
             there
             are
             several
             Pools
             or
             Ponds
             ;
             besides
             ,
             most
             Houses
             have
             Wells
             or
             Cisterns
             which
             are
             always
             supplyed
             with
             Rain-water
             .
          
           
             Here
             is
             also
             a
             River
             ,
             which
             the
             Inhabitants
             call
             the
             Tuigh-River
             ,
             from
             the
             top
             of
             whose
             waters
             is
             gathered
             an
             Oyl
             ,
             which
             serveth
             them
             to
             burn
             in
             Lamps
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             s
             Fertility
             .
          
           
             This
             Isle
             is
             exceeding
             Fertile
             ,
             
             bearing
             Crops
             all
             the
             year
             long
             ,
             and
             its
             Trees
             being
             always
             cloathed
             in
             their
             Summer
             Livery
             ,
             and
             
             the
             Fields
             and
             Woods
             in
             their
             Verdure
             ,
             renders
             it
             very
             delightful
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
             But
             the
             two
             principal
             seasons
             of
             the
             year
             for
             Planting
             ,
             is
             in
             May
             ,
             and
             November
             ,
             but
             the
             Sugar-Canes
             are
             planted
             all
             the
             year
             round
             ,
             the
             making
             of
             which
             ,
             is
             not
             only
             very
             chargeable
             ,
             but
             also
             as
             dangerous
             ,
             and
             subject
             to
             casualties
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             Boyling-house
             ,
             with
             the
             Coppers
             and
             Furnaces
             ;
             in
             the
             Filling-room
             ,
             in
             the
             Still-house
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             Cureing-house
             .
          
        
         
           
             Its
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             The
             Commodities
             that
             this
             Isle
             produceth
             ,
             
             are
             Sugars
             ,
             (
             which
             though
             not
             so
             white
             as
             those
             of
             Brazile
             ,
             yet
             better
             when
             refined
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             fairer
             grain
             )
             
               Indico
               ,
               Cotten
               ,
               Wool
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
               Logwood
               ,
               Fustick
               ,
            
             
             and
             Lignum-vitae
             .
             And
             these
             Commodities
             ,
             especially
             
               Sugar
               ,
               Indico
               ,
               Cotton
            
             ,
             and
             Ginger
             ,
             are
             here
             in
             such
             great
             abundance
             ,
             that
             about
             200
             sayl
             of
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             both
             great
             and
             small
             ,
             have
             yearly
             their
             loading
             ;
             which
             after
             Imported
             in
             the
             several
             Ports
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             is
             again
             in
             great
             quantities
             exported
             to
             Forreign
             parts
             ,
             to
             our
             great
             enrichment
             ;
             and
             the
             rather
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             are
             not
             permitted
             to
             Trade
             with
             any
             other
             Nation
             but
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             such
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Subjects
             in
             
               New-England
               ,
               Virginia
            
             ,
             and
             Bermudoes
             :
             And
             in
             exchange
             of
             those
             Commodities
             ,
             they
             take
             such
             as
             are
             necessary
             for
             the
             use
             of
             man
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             the
             Back
             and
             Belly
             ,
             as
             for
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             Plantations
             ;
             with
             many
             of
             which
             ,
             they
             are
             supplyed
             from
             
               New-England
               ,
               
               Virginia
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Bermudoes
             ;
             together
             with
             Servants
             ,
             and
             Slaves
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             noted
             at
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             the
             description
             of
             Jamaica
             ,
             about
             page
             73.
             together
             with
             several
             sorts
             of
             Commodities
             and
             Provisions
             ,
             which
             Jamaica
             hath
             no
             occasion
             of
             ,
             as
             
               Horses
               ,
               Camels
               ,
               Assinegroes
               ,
               Cattel
            
             ;
             also
             salted
             Flesh
             and
             Fish
             of
             several
             sorts
             ;
             Butter
             and
             Cheese
             ;
             but
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             heat
             of
             the
             weather
             ,
             it
             will
             soon
             stink
             ,
             and
             become
             unfit
             to
             eat
             ;
             so
             that
             instead
             of
             Butter
             ,
             they
             make
             great
             use
             of
             Oyl
             for
             their
             Sauces
             .
          
           
             The
             Dayes
             and
             Nights
             are
             almost
             thorowout
             the
             Year
             ,
             
             of
             an
             equal
             length
             ,
             the
             Sun
             Rising
             and
             Setting
             at
             6.
             except
             about
             October
             ,
             and
             then
             there
             is
             some
             small
             difference
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Temperature
             of
             Air.
             
          
           
             This
             Isle
             is
             very
             hott
             ,
             
             especially
             for
             8
             months
             ,
             yet
             not
             so
             ,
             but
             that
             Travel
             ,
             and
             Labour
             is
             sufferable
             ;
             but
             were
             it
             not
             for
             the
             cool
             breezes
             of
             Winde
             which
             Riseth
             with
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             bloweth
             fresher
             as
             the
             Sun
             mounteth
             up
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             unsufferable
             .
             And
             these
             Breezes
             always
             blow
             from
             North-East
             ,
             and
             by
             East
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Turnado
             ,
             and
             then
             for
             a
             few
             hours
             it
             chopps
             into
             the
             South
             ,
             but
             returns
             to
             the
             same
             point
             again
             .
             And
             it
             is
             observed
             ,
             that
             although
             the
             people
             do
             so
             much
             sweat
             ,
             yet
             they
             have
             not
             that
             faintness
             as
             with
             us
             ,
             in
             the
             months
             of
             July
             and
             August
             ;
             neither
             are
             they
             so
             thirsty
             ,
             without
             occasioned
             by
             excess
             of
             Labour
             ,
             or
             Drinking
             of
             
             strong
             Liquors
             ,
             which
             the
             People
             are
             here
             too
             much
             addicted
             unto
             ,
             to
             their
             great
             hurt
             ,
             which
             if
             moderately
             taken
             ,
             would
             be
             as
             great
             a
             preservative
             to
             comfort
             their
             inward
             parts
             ,
             which
             are
             left
             cold
             ,
             and
             faint
             ,
             through
             their
             sweating
             .
             Besides
             ,
             our
             bodies
             being
             accustomed
             to
             colder
             Climates
             ,
             our
             spirits
             are
             not
             so
             vigorous
             without
             them
             in
             a
             moderate
             manner
             .
          
           
             The
             Air
             ,
             
             though
             hot
             ,
             is
             very
             moist
             ,
             which
             causeth
             all
             Iron-tools
             ,
             as
             
               Knives
               ,
               Swords
               ,
               Locks
               ,
               Keys
               ,
            
             &c.
             to
             rust
             ,
             so
             that
             without
             constant
             usage
             ,
             they
             will
             soon
             become
             eaten
             up
             with
             rust
             .
             And
             this
             great
             heat
             and
             moisture
             ,
             doth
             cause
             the
             Plants
             and
             Trees
             to
             grow
             so
             large
             ,
             and
             high
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             abundance
             of
             Fruits
             of
             several
             sorts
             ,
             
             
               as
               Dates
               ,
               Orenges
            
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             the
             one
             sweet
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             sharp
             ,
             
               Pomgranates
               ,
               Citrons
               ,
               Limes
               ,
               Lemons
               ,
               Macows
               ,
               Grapes
               ,
               Juneper-Apples
               ,
               Papayers
               ,
               Momins
               ,
               Monbains
               ,
               Acajous
               ,
               Icacos
               ,
               Cherries
               ,
               Raysins
               ,
               Indian
               Figgs
               ,
               Cocos
               ,
               Plantins
               ,
               Bonanoes
               ,
               Guavers
               ,
               Prickle-Apples
               ,
               Prickle-Pears
               ,
               Custard-Apples
               ,
               Millons
               ,
            
             both
             land
             and
             water
             ,
             and
             Pine-Apples
             ,
             the
             rarest
             Fruit
             in
             the
             Indies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Fish
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             great
             store
             of
             Fish
             in
             the
             Sea
             ,
             
             as
             
               Snappers
               ,
               Crabs
               ,
               Lobsters
               ,
               Terbums
               ,
               Macquerels
               ,
               Mullots
               ,
               
               Cavallos
               ,
               Parrat-Fish
               ,
               Cony-Fish
               ,
            
             and
             
               green
               Turtles
            
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             others
             are
             the
             most
             delicious
             ,
             with
             several
             other
             sorts
             appropriated
             to
             this
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             .
             But
             the
             Rivulets
             ,
             or
             Ponds
             ,
             have
             few
             or
             no
             Fish
             in
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Beasts
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             no
             Beasts
             or
             Cattel
             but
             what
             are
             Tame
             ,
             
             and
             brought
             them
             ;
             as
             Camels
             ,
             Horses
             ,
             Assinegroes
             ,
             Oxen
             ,
             Bulls
             ,
             Cowes
             ,
             Sheep
             ,
             and
             Goats
             ,
             and
             Hoggs
             ,
             which
             are
             here
             in
             great
             plenty
             in
             every
             Plantation
             ,
             it
             being
             their
             common
             food
             ,
             whose
             Flesh
             is
             esteemed
             very
             good
             and
             delicious
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             Beef
             ,
             and
             Mutton
             ,
             it
             is
             very
             dear
             ,
             as
             having
             but
             a
             small
             stock
             ,
             but
             might
             be
             soon
             encreased
             ,
             would
             they
             spare
             
             ground
             enough
             for
             Pasturage
             for
             them
             from
             their
             other
             occasions
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Herbs
             and
             Roots
             .
          
           
             
               Here
               groweth
               divers
               sorts
               of
            
             English
             hearbs
             ,
             
             and
             roots
             ,
             as
             Rosemary
             ,
             Lavender
             ,
             Lavender-Cotton
             ,
             Mar●erom
             ,
             Winter-Savory
             ,
             Time
             ,
             Parsley
             ,
             Tansey
             ,
             Sage
             ,
             Purcelane
             ,
             
               &c.
               and
               for
            
             Roots
             ,
             Cabages
             ,
             Colworths
             ,
             Collyflowers
             ,
             Turnips
             ,
             Potatoes
             ,
             Onyons
             ,
             Garlick
             ,
             Radishes
             ,
             Lettice
             ,
             Taragon
             ,
             Marigolds
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Birds
             and
             Fowles
             .
          
           
             
               Here
               are
               several
               sorts
               of
            
             Fowles
             ,
             
             as
             Turkeys
             ,
             Hens
             ,
             Muscovy-ducks
             ,
             Pigeons
             ,
             Turtle-Doves
             ,
             
               &c.
               and
               for
               small
            
             Birds
             ,
             
               great
               variety
               ;
               as
            
             Thrushes
             ,
             Black-birds
             ,
             Sparrows
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Insects
             and
             Animals
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             several
             Animals
             ,
             
             and
             Insects
             ,
             as
             Snakes
             a
             yard
             and
             a
             half
             long
             ,
             Scorpions
             as
             big
             as
             Rats
             ,
             but
             no
             wayes
             hurtful
             to
             man
             or
             beast
             ;
             Lizzards
             ,
             which
             are
             exceeding
             harmless
             ,
             much
             frequenting
             the
             houses
             ,
             and
             loving
             the
             company
             of
             men
             ;
             
               Musketoes
               ,
               Cockroches
            
             ,
             and
             Merriwings
             ,
             which
             are
             very
             troublesome
             in
             the
             night
             in
             stinging
             ;
             also
             ,
             here
             are
             land-Crabs
             in
             great
             abundance
             ,
             which
             are
             found
             good
             to
             eat
             .
             And
             here
             is
             a
             small
             Fly
             which
             they
             call
             Cayouyou
             ,
             whose
             Wings
             in
             the
             Night
             ,
             as
             it
             flyeth
             ,
             casts
             forth
             a
             great
             lustre
             ,
             and
             the
             Indians
             do
             commonly
             catch
             them
             ,
             and
             tye
             them
             to
             their
             hands
             or
             feet
             ,
             and
             make
             use
             of
             them
             instead
             of
             a
             Candle
             ,
             which
             is
             forbidden
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             great
             variety
             of
             Trees
             .
             
             fit
             for
             several
             uses
             ,
             as
             the
             
               Locust
               ,
               Mastick
               ,
               Red-wood
            
             ,
             the
             prickled-Yellow-wood
             ,
             the
             Ironwood-Tree
             ,
             and
             the
             Cedar
             Tree
             ,
             which
             are
             fit
             for
             building
             .
             Also
             ,
             the
             
               Cassia
               ,
               Fistula
               ,
               Coloquintida
               ,
               Tamarine
               ,
               Cassavie
               ,
            
             of
             which
             is
             made
             their
             bread
             ;
             the
             Poyson-Tree
             ,
             and
             the
             Phisick-Nut
             ,
             these
             have
             a
             Physical
             ,
             and
             some
             a
             
               poysonous
               Vertue
            
             in
             them
             .
             Also
             ,
             here
             are
             these
             Trees
             following
             ,
             the
             Calibash
             ,
             the
             Shell
             of
             whose
             Fruit
             ,
             serveth
             to
             carry
             liquid
             things
             in
             ,
             being
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             Goards
             ;
             the
             Mangrass-Tree
             ,
             which
             is
             of
             an
             exceeding
             greatness
             ;
             the
             Roucou
             ,
             of
             whose
             bark
             is
             made
             Ropes
             ,
             as
             also
             Flax
             ,
             which
             being
             spun
             ,
             is
             employed
             to
             several
             
             uses
             ;
             the
             Lignum-vitae
             ,
             the
             Palmeto
             ,
             which
             is
             very
             large
             ,
             and
             beautiful
             to
             behold
             ;
             with
             several
             others
             .
          
        
         
           
             Several
             Caves
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Island
             are
             divers
             Caves
             ,
             
             some
             of
             which
             are
             very
             deep
             ,
             and
             large
             enough
             to
             hold
             500
             men
             ;
             and
             these
             Caves
             are
             often
             the
             Sanctuaries
             of
             such
             Negro-slaves
             that
             run
             away
             ,
             in
             which
             they
             oft-times
             lie
             a
             good
             while
             ere
             found
             out
             ,
             seldome
             stirring
             in
             the
             day-time
             ,
             although
             they
             are
             such
             unwholesome
             places
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             great
             damps
             that
             are
             found
             in
             them
             .
             And
             it
             is
             supposed
             ,
             that
             these
             Caves
             were
             the
             Habitations
             of
             the
             Natives
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             It
             s
             Division
             and
             Towns.
             
          
           
             This
             Island
             is
             severed
             into
             Eleven
             Precincts
             ,
             
             or
             Parishes
             ,
             in
             which
             are
             14
             Churches
             and
             Chappels
             ,
             and
             here
             are
             many
             places
             which
             may
             not
             unaptly
             be
             called
             Townes
             ,
             as
             being
             composed
             of
             a
             long
             and
             spacious
             Street
             ,
             which
             are
             beautified
             with
             fair
             houses
             ;
             and
             indeed
             the
             whole
             Isle
             for
             these
             many
             years
             ,
             is
             so
             taken
             up
             with
             Planters
             (
             there
             being
             no
             wast
             ground
             to
             be
             found
             )
             that
             it
             is
             thorowout
             beset
             with
             Houses
             ,
             at
             no
             great
             distance
             from
             one
             another
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             s
             chief
             Townes
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             
             St.
             Michaels
             formerly
             called
             the
             Bridg-Town
             ,
             or
             Indian-Bridg
             ,
             scituate
             at
             the
             bottome
             of
             Carlisle-Bay
             
             in
             the
             Leeward
             ,
             or
             Southern
             part
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             which
             Bay
             is
             very
             capacious
             ,
             deep
             ,
             and
             secure
             for
             Ships
             ,
             being
             large
             enough
             to
             entertain
             500
             Vessels
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             The
             Town
             is
             long
             ,
             containing
             several
             Streets
             ,
             and
             graced
             with
             abundance
             of
             well-built
             houses
             .
             It
             is
             very
             populous
             ,
             being
             the
             Residence
             of
             the
             Governour
             ,
             or
             his
             Deputy
             ,
             the
             place
             of
             Judicature
             ,
             and
             the
             Scale
             of
             Trade
             ,
             where
             most
             of
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             Facttors
             in
             the
             Isle
             have
             their
             Storehouses
             for
             the
             negotiation
             of
             their
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             from
             these
             Storehouses
             or
             Shops
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             are
             supplyed
             with
             such
             Commodities
             as
             they
             have
             occasion
             of
             ,
             in
             exchange
             of
             theirs
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             product
             of
             of
             the
             Isle
             .
             The
             Town
             is
             ill
             seated
             ,
             the
             ground
             being
             lower
             than
             the
             banks
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             by
             which
             
             means
             the
             Spring
             -
             Tides
             doth
             flow
             over
             ,
             and
             there
             remaining
             ,
             doth
             make
             a
             kind
             of
             of
             a
             moorish
             bogg
             ,
             which
             doth
             occasion
             it
             to
             be
             more
             unhealthful
             than
             the
             other
             parts
             of
             the
             Isle
             .
             This
             Town
             for
             its
             defence
             ,
             and
             security
             of
             the
             Ships
             ,
             hath
             two
             strong
             Forts
             opposite
             to
             each
             other
             ,
             with
             a
             Platform
             in
             the
             midst
             ,
             which
             also
             commands
             the
             Road
             ,
             all
             which
             are
             well
             Fortifyed
             with
             great
             Guns
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             principal
             of
             these
             Forts
             is
             called
             
               Charles
               Fort
            
             ,
             being
             seated
             on
             
               Nedhams
               Point
            
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             
             
               Little
               Bristol
            
             ,
             formerly
             
               Sprights
               Bay
            
             ,
             scituate
             about
             four
             Leagues
             Leeward
             from
             St.
             Michaels
             ,
             hath
             a
             commodious
             Road
             for
             Ships
             ,
             is
             a
             place
             well
             frequented
             ,
             and
             traded
             unto
             ,
             and
             is
             strongly
             Defended
             by
             two
             powerful
             Forts
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             St.
             James
             ,
             formerly
             called
             the
             Hall
             ,
             seated
             not
             far
             from
             Bristol
             ,
             hath
             the
             accommodation
             of
             a
             good
             Road
             for
             Ships
             ,
             and
             is
             a
             place
             of
             a
             considerable
             Trade
             ,
             for
             its
             defence
             ,
             besides
             a
             large
             Platform
             ,
             hath
             fortified
             Breast-works
             ;
             and
             in
             this
             Town
             is
             kept
             for
             the
             Precinct
             ,
             the
             monthly
             Courts
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             
             Charles-Town
             ,
             seated
             windeward
             of
             St.
             Michaels
             ,
             about
             two
             Leagues
             :
             And
             on
             Oyster-Bay
             ,
             it
             is
             secured
             by
             two
             strong
             Forts
             ,
             the
             one
             to
             the
             Windward
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             to
             the
             Leeward
             ,
             of
             the
             Town
             and
             Road
             ,
             with
             a
             Platform
             in
             the
             midst
             .
             This
             Town
             hath
             the
             accomodation
             of
             weekly
             Markets
             ,
             and
             here
             is
             kept
             the
             monthly
             Courts
             for
             the
             Precinct
             .
          
           
             The
             other
             Parishes
             are
             of
             less
             note
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Other
             Places
             on
             the
             Sea-Coast
             .
          
           
             Other
             Places
             of
             Name
             along
             the
             Sea-Coast
             of
             this
             Isle
             ,
             
             begining
             Easterly
             ,
             and
             so
             encompassing
             the
             Isle
             ,
             are
             as
             followeth
             :
          
           
             Fowl-Bay
             ,
             Austins-Bay
             ,
             Maxwells-Bay
             ,
             
               where
               there
               is
               a
               small
               Isle
               ,
            
             Blackrock
             ,
             The
             Hole
             ,
             Spikes-Bay
             ,
             Balises-Bay
             ,
             Long-Bay
             ,
             Clarks-Bay
             ,
             and
             Constance-Bay
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             this
             Isle
             may
             be
             Ranged
             under
             3
             heads
             or
             sorts
             ,
             
             to
             witt
             ,
             Masters
             ,
             (
             which
             are
             
               English
               ,
               Scotch
            
             ,
             and
             Irish
             ,
             with
             some
             few
             
               Dutch
               ,
               French
            
             ,
             and
             
               Jews
               )
               Christian
               Servants
            
             ,
             and
             Negro-Slaves
             .
             And
             these
             three
             sorts
             are
             exceeding
             numerous
             ;
             for
             ,
             according
             to
             
             a
             Calculation
             not
             long
             since
             made
             ,
             the
             Masters
             ,
             and
             Servants
             ,
             did
             amount
             to
             about
             50000
             ,
             and
             the
             Negroes
             to
             about
             double
             the
             number
             .
          
           
             The
             Masters
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             live
             at
             the
             height
             of
             Pleasure
          
           
             The
             Servants
             ,
             at
             the
             expiration
             of
             5
             years
             ,
             become
             Freemen
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             employ
             their
             times
             according
             to
             their
             abilities
             ,
             and
             capacities
             ;
             either
             to
             get
             a
             small
             Plantation
             ,
             or
             to
             work
             at
             day-labour
             in
             other
             Plantations
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             exercise
             their
             Trades
             ,
             if
             so
             capacitated
             .
          
           
             The
             Negro-Slaves
             are
             never
             out
             of
             their
             Bondage
             ,
             
             and
             the
             Children
             they
             get
             ,
             are
             likewise
             perpetual
             Slaves
             .
             They
             have
             but
             mean
             allowance
             of
             
               dyet
               ,
               cloaths
            
             ,
             and
             lodging
             ;
             and
             although
             held
             to
             such
             hard
             Labour
             ,
             and
             so
             ill
             treated
             ,
             
             yet
             are
             they
             well
             contented
             with
             their
             Conditions
             ;
             and
             if
             their
             Master
             is
             but
             any
             thing
             kind
             ,
             they
             think
             nothing
             too
             much
             to
             be
             done
             for
             them
             ;
             and
             therefore
             't
             is
             great
             pity
             to
             wrong
             such
             poor
             Creatures
             .
          
           
             The
             chiefest
             Stock
             of
             a
             Planter
             ,
             consists
             in
             his
             Servants
             and
             Slaves
             ,
             but
             especially
             the
             Slaves
             ,
             who
             are
             more
             numerous
             .
             And
             these
             they
             Buy
             on
             Shipboard
             ,
             as
             men
             Buy
             Horses
             in
             a
             Fayr
             ,
             and
             according
             as
             they
             are
             handsome
             ,
             lusty
             ,
             well-shapen
             ,
             and
             young
             ,
             either
             the
             men
             or
             women
             ,
             they
             give
             more
             or
             less
             ;
             the
             general
             Rates
             for
             the
             Christian-servants
             being
             about
             10
             l.
             but
             if
             one
             that
             hath
             a
             good
             Trade
             ,
             as
             a
             
               Carpenter
               ,
               Joyner
               ,
               Smith
            
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             then
             far
             more
             :
             Likewise
             ,
             a
             Female
             that
             is
             young
             and
             handsome
             ,
             is
             highe●
             valued
             .
             The
             general
             Rate
             for
             the
             better
             sort
             of
             
             Negro-men
             ,
             is
             20
             l.
             or
             25
             sl
             .
             sterling
             ;
             and
             for
             Women
             ,
             about
             15
             l.
             for
             the
             encrease
             of
             stock
             of
             Negroes
             ,
             they
             generally
             take
             as
             many
             Men
             as
             Women
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Maintenance
             of
             the
             Servants
             and
             Slaves
             .
          
           
             The
             Maintenance
             of
             the
             Servants
             ,
             and
             Negro-Slaves
             ,
             as
             to
             their
             Dyet
             ,
             Apparrel
             ,
             and
             Lodging
             ,
             is
             very
             inconsiderable
             .
          
           
             For
             their
             Food
             ,
             
             they
             are
             contented
             from
             weeks-end
             ,
             to
             weeks-end
             ,
             with
             
               Potatoes
               ,
               Loblolly
            
             ,
             made
             of
             beaten
             Maize
             mixt
             with
             water
             ;
             Cassader-bread
             common
             in
             all
             the
             
               Indies
               ,
               Bonavist
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             food
             that
             the
             Plantation
             affordeth
             ;
             as
             for
             Meat
             ,
             they
             are
             seldome
             troubled
             with
             it
             ,
             except
             at
             
               Christmas
               ,
               Easter
            
             ,
             and
             Whitsontide
             ,
             and
             
             they
             have
             Hoggs-flesh
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             custome
             of
             the
             Island
             ;
             but
             of
             late
             ,
             the
             servants
             are
             allowed
             weekly
             ,
             a
             small
             quantity
             of
             Swines-Flesh
             ,
             or
             salted
             Flesh
             ,
             or
             Fish
             ;
             and
             when
             any
             of
             the
             Cattle
             dye
             of
             any
             distemper
             ,
             or
             by
             accident
             ,
             it
             is
             given
             to
             the
             Negroes
             ,
             who
             feed
             like
             Princes
             on
             it
             .
          
           
             Their
             Drinks
             are
             Mobbie
             ,
             
             made
             of
             Potatoes
             soaked
             in
             water
             ;
             Perino
             ,
             made
             of
             Casavie-Root
             and
             water
             ;
             
               Crippo
               ,
               Kill-Devil
               ,
               Punch
            
             ,
             made
             of
             water
             and
             Sugar
             ;
             Plantin-drink
             ,
             made
             of
             Plantins
             and
             water
             ;
             Beveridge
             ,
             made
             of
             Spring-water
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             and
             the
             juyce
             of
             Orenges
             ;
             and
             wine
             of
             Pines
             ,
             which
             is
             only
             made
             of
             the
             juyce
             of
             the
             Fruit
             ,
             which
             is
             exceeding
             good
             and
             delicious
             ;
             but
             this
             sort
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             Beveridge
             ,
             and
             Punch
             ,
             the
             servants
             are
             not
             much
             troubled
             with
             .
          
           
           
             But
             as
             for
             the
             
               Master-Planters
               ,
               Merchants
               ,
               Factors
            
             ,
             and
             Strangers
             ,
             their
             Faire
             is
             far
             otherwise
             ,
             having
             their
             curious-made
             Dishes
             ,
             as
             
               Custards
               ,
               Cheese-cakes
               ,
               Tansies
            
             ;
             also
             ,
             
               Sturgeon
               ,
               Anchoves
               ,
               Caviare
               ,
               Botardo
               ,
               Neates-Tongues
               ,
            
             besides
             
               Poultrey
               ,
               Fish
               ,
               Fowl
               ,
               Mutton
               ,
               Beef
               ,
               Kid
               ,
               Porke
               ,
               Beans
               ,
               Pease
               ,
            
             several
             Roots
             ,
             and
             other
             good
             Dishes
             .
             And
             ,
             besides
             the
             several
             sorts
             of
             Liquors
             already
             named
             ,
             
               Wines
               ,
               Strong
               waters
               ,
               Brandy
               ,
            
             and
             English-Beer
             ;
             so
             that
             they
             find
             no
             want
             ,
             and
             do
             not
             consider
             the
             condition
             of
             those
             poor
             wretches
             ,
             their
             Servants
             and
             Slaves
             ,
             who
             are
             constrained
             to
             so
             hard
             a
             labour
             .
          
           
             The
             Apparrel
             they
             allow
             their
             Servants
             yearly
             ,
             
             for
             the
             men
             ,
             are
             6
             pair
             of
             Drawers
             ,
             12
             pair
             of
             Shoos
             ,
             3
             
               Monmouth-Caps
               ,
               6
               Shirts
            
             ;
             and
             for
             the
             women
             ,
             4
             
               Smocks
               ,
               3
               Petticoats
            
             ,
             
             4
             Coifes
             ,
             and
             12
             paire
             of
             Shoos
             ,
             besides
             ,
             a
             Rug-Gown
             to
             each
             ,
             to
             keep
             them
             warm
             ,
             in
             the
             night
             ,
             and
             to
             put
             on
             them
             when
             they
             come
             sweating
             from
             their
             labour
             .
             To
             the
             Negro-men
             ,
             they
             allow
             but
             3
             pair
             of
             Canvas-Drawers
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Women
             ,
             but
             three
             Petticoats
             .
          
           
             But
             for
             themselves
             (
             especially
             the
             better
             sort
             )
             they
             are
             exceeding
             profuse
             and
             costly
             .
          
           
             The
             Lodging
             of
             these
             poor
             wretches
             is
             worst
             of
             all
             ,
             
             for
             having
             laboured
             all
             the
             day
             in
             so
             hot
             a
             Countrey
             ,
             without
             any
             nourishing
             Dyet
             ,
             at
             night
             they
             must
             be
             contented
             to
             lye
             hard
             ,
             on
             nothing
             but
             a
             board
             ,
             without
             any
             Coverled
             ,
             in
             their
             Hutts
             ,
             or
             rather
             Hogsties
             ;
             but
             Christian
             Servants
             are
             something
             better
             Treated
             ,
             being
             allowed
             Hamocks
             .
          
           
           
             Every
             Sunday
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             the
             only
             day
             of
             Rest
             ,
             and
             should
             be
             set
             apart
             for
             the
             service
             of
             God
             )
             they
             employ
             either
             in
             the
             getting
             of
             the
             Bark
             of
             Trees
             ,
             and
             making
             of
             Ropes
             with
             it
             ,
             which
             they
             Truck
             away
             for
             
               Shirts
               ,
               Drawers
            
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             ;
             or
             else
             spend
             the
             day
             in
             Recreation
             ,
             as
             Dancing
             ,
             and
             Wrestling
             ,
             which
             they
             much
             delight
             in
             ,
             though
             they
             are
             no
             great
             Proficients
             in
             either
             ;
             for
             in
             their
             Dancing
             ,
             they
             use
             antick
             actions
             ,
             their
             hands
             having
             more
             of
             motion
             than
             their
             feet
             ;
             and
             their
             head
             ,
             than
             either
             ;
             nor
             do
             the
             men
             and
             women
             Dance
             together
             ,
             but
             apart
             ;
             the
             Musique
             to
             which
             they
             Dance
             ,
             being
             a
             sort
             of
             Kettle-drums
             ,
             one
             bigger
             than
             another
             ,
             which
             makes
             a
             strange
             and
             various
             noise
             ,
             but
             whither
             Harmonious
             ,
             I
             leave
             to
             the
             judgment
             of
             the
             Reader
             .
          
           
           
             It
             is
             thought
             by
             many
             ,
             that
             the
             Christians
             should
             be
             in
             danger
             of
             being
             murthered
             by
             the
             Negro-Slaves
             ,
             who
             so
             much
             over-top
             them
             in
             number
             ,
             and
             the
             rather
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             are
             so
             cruelly
             used
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             reason
             ,
             many
             are
             fearful
             to
             venture
             to
             dwell
             here
             .
             But
             this
             Objection
             may
             be
             thus
             answered
             ;
             that
             first
             ,
             they
             are
             such
             as
             were
             brought
             from
             several
             parts
             of
             Africa
             ,
             and
             do
             not
             understand
             one
             anothers
             Language
             ;
             and
             then
             they
             are
             stir'd
             up
             with
             an
             inb-read
             hatred
             against
             one
             another
             ,
             it
             being
             the
             custome
             in
             those
             parts
             ,
             for
             several
             petty
             Kings
             to
             go
             to
             Wars
             against
             one
             another
             ;
             and
             the
             Prisoners
             that
             are
             taken
             of
             each
             side
             ,
             they
             sell
             unto
             us
             ,
             and
             other
             
               European
               Nations
            
             that
             come
             to
             Traffique
             with
             them
             ;
             also
             ,
             they
             are
             not
             permitted
             to
             touch
             ,
             nay
             ,
             hardly
             to
             
             see
             a
             Gun
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             weapon
             ;
             and
             being
             kept
             in
             such
             a
             slavery
             ,
             they
             are
             fearful
             of
             begining
             such
             an
             Insurrection
             ,
             it
             being
             present
             death
             for
             any
             that
             shall
             in
             the
             least
             be
             found
             to
             act
             ,
             or
             contrive
             such
             a
             thing
             .
          
           
             The
             Management
             of
             a
             Plantation
             ,
             
             ought
             to
             be
             the
             Masters
             care
             ,
             yet
             few
             of
             them
             (
             except
             those
             of
             the
             meaner
             degree
             )
             are
             without
             their
             Overseers
             ,
             who
             takes
             off
             that
             trouble
             from
             them
             ,
             whose
             Office
             is
             to
             call
             them
             to
             work
             by
             the
             Ring
             of
             a
             Bell
             ,
             at
             6
             a
             clock
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             to
             appoint
             them
             their
             sevesal
             works
             ,
             to
             give
             them
             due
             Correction
             upon
             any
             Misdemeanour
             ,
             or
             Idleness
             ;
             he
             likewise
             dismisses
             them
             at
             11
             a
             clock
             ,
             to
             go
             to
             their
             Dinner
             ,
             and
             calls
             them
             again
             by
             One
             a
             clock
             by
             the
             said
             Bell
             ,
             and
             dischargeth
             them
             at
             6
             at
             night
             .
          
           
           
             What
             I
             have
             said
             in
             this
             Treatise
             of
             Barbadoes
             concerning
             their
             Servants
             ,
             and
             Slaves
             ,
             may
             be
             said
             in
             that
             of
             Jamaica
             ;
             for
             the
             Servants
             ,
             and
             Slaves
             ,
             are
             their
             greatest
             stock
             ;
             those
             they
             Buy
             ,
             the
             Servants
             for
             a
             Tearm
             of
             years
             ,
             the
             Negroes
             for
             ever
             ;
             their
             Apparrel
             which
             they
             allow
             to
             either
             being
             much
             the
             same
             ,
             but
             their
             Dyet
             better
             ;
             and
             for
             their
             labour
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             said
             to
             be
             much
             the
             same
             ,
             the
             Island
             producing
             the
             same
             Commodities
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Island
             of
             Barbados
             very
             strong
             .
          
           
             This
             Island
             is
             very
             strong
             ,
             
             as
             well
             by
             Nature
             as
             Art
             ,
             being
             sheltered
             with
             Rocks
             ,
             and
             Shoals
             ;
             and
             where
             nature
             hath
             not
             thus
             defended
             it
             ,
             it
             is
             Fortified
             by
             Trenches
             and
             Rampiers
             ,
             with
             
               Pallisadoes
               ,
               
               Curtains
            
             ,
             and
             Counter-Scarfes
             ;
             besides
             ,
             round
             about
             the
             Isle
             ,
             reguarding
             the
             Sea
             ,
             is
             standing
             -
             Wood
             :
             Here
             are
             also
             ,
             for
             its
             further
             Defence
             ,
             3
             Forts
             ,
             one
             for
             a
             Magazine
             for
             the
             Ammunition
             ,
             and
             Powder
             to
             lye
             in
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             two
             for
             places
             of
             Retreats
             ,
             as
             occasion
             serveth
             .
             They
             have
             also
             for
             their
             further
             security
             ,
             a
             standing
             Militia
             ,
             consisting
             of
             two
             Regiments
             of
             Horse
             ,
             and
             five
             of
             Foot
             ,
             which
             are
             Stout
             ,
             and
             well-Disciplined
             men
             ,
             and
             alwayes
             to
             be
             Ready
             on
             beat
             of
             Drum.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Government
             of
             this
             Isle
             .
          
           
             This
             Isle
             is
             Governed
             by
             Lawes
             assimulated
             to
             those
             of
             England
             ,
             
             for
             all
             matters
             either
             
               Civil
               ,
               Ecclesiastick
               ,
               Criminal
               ,
               Maritine
               ,
            
             or
             Martial
             ;
             yet
             not
             without
             some
             few
             Lawes
             appropriate
             to
             themselves
             ,
             which
             are
             not
             repugnant
             
             to
             the
             Lawes
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             Execution
             of
             these
             Lawes
             ,
             they
             have
             their
             Courts
             of
             Judicature
             .
          
           
             The
             Law
             is
             administred
             by
             the
             Governour
             ,
             or
             his
             Deputy
             ,
             and
             Ten
             of
             his
             Council
             .
          
           
             The
             Isle
             is
             divided
             into
             four
             Circuites
             ,
             
             in
             each
             of
             which
             ,
             there
             is
             an
             Inferiour
             Court
             for
             civil
             Causes
             ,
             from
             which
             ,
             Appeals
             may
             be
             made
             to
             the
             
               Supream
               Court.
            
             
          
           
             Here
             are
             also
             Justices
             of
             the
             
               Peace
               ,
               Constables
               ,
               Church-wardens
            
             ,
             and
             Tything-men
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             the
             Administration
             of
             Justice
             ,
             here
             are
             yearly
             5
             Sessions
             .
          
           
             At
             the
             Governours
             pleasure
             ,
             he
             calleth
             an
             Assembly
             for
             the
             making
             of
             New
             Lawes
             ,
             (
             so
             ,
             as
             not
             contrary
             to
             those
             of
             England
             )
             and
             for
             the
             abolishing
             of
             Old
             ;
             which
             said
             Assembly
             is
             much
             in
             the
             
             nature
             of
             our
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             doth
             consist
             of
             the
             Governour
             as
             Supream
             ,
             his
             Ten
             Council
             as
             so
             many
             Peers
             ,
             and
             two
             Burgesses
             ,
             chosen
             by
             the
             Commonalty
             out
             of
             each
             of
             the
             Parishes
             .
          
           
             The
             present
             Governour
             is
             the
             Right
             Hon.
             
             
               William
               Willoughby
            
             ,
             Baron
             Willoughby
             of
             Parham
             .
          
           
             As
             concerning
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Sugar-Canes
             ,
             how
             to
             Plant
             them
             ,
             their
             
               growth
               ,
               cutting
               ,
               grinding
               ,
               boyling
            
             ;
             the
             conveyance
             of
             the
             Skimmings
             into
             the
             Cisterns
             ,
             how
             to
             distill
             it
             for
             Spirits
             ;
             how
             long
             it
             stayes
             in
             the
             Cureing-house
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             good
             Muscovado-Sugar
             ;
             together
             with
             the
             making
             it
             into
             Whites
             ,
             is
             not
             my
             business
             in
             this
             small
             Treatise
             ,
             to
             give
             the
             Reader
             instructions
             therein
             ,
             
             referring
             to
             Mr.
             
               Richard
               Ligons
            
             Book
             of
             the
             Description
             of
             this
             Isle
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           St.
           CHRISTOPHERS
           .
        
         
           ST
           .
           Christophers
           ,
           
           so
           called
           from
           
             Christopher
             Columbus
          
           ,
           the
           first
           discoverers
           thereof
           ,
           scituate
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           17
           degrees
           ,
           and
           25
           min.
           in
           circuite
           ,
           about
           75
           miles
           :
           The
           Land
           lieth
           high
           and
           mountainous
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           from
           which
           springeth
           several
           Rivers
           ,
           
           which
           oft-times
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Raines
           that
           falleth
           down
           the
           Mountaines
           ,
           are
           overflown
           to
           the
           detriment
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Soyl
             ,
             Commodities
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Soyl
             is
             light
             and
             sandy
             ,
             
             and
             very
             apt
             to
             produce
             several
             sorts
             of
             
               Fruits
               ,
               Provisions
            
             ,
             and
             Commodities
             ;
             as
             
               Sugar
               ,
               Tobacco
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
           
             This
             Isle
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             several
             great
             and
             steepy
             Mountains
             ,
             between
             which
             ,
             are
             Springs
             of
             hot
             ,
             and
             Sulphurous
             Water
             ,
             with
             horrid
             Precipices
             ,
             and
             thick
             Woods
             ,
             renders
             it
             very
             impassable
             through
             the
             midst
             :
             And
             the
             steepy
             Ascents
             of
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             are
             divided
             into
             several
             Stages
             ,
             or
             Stories
             ,
             where
             are
             spacious
             wayes
             .
          
           
           
             On
             the
             Sea-side
             there
             is
             a
             Salt-pit
             called
             Gul-desac
             ,
             and
             not
             far
             from
             the
             said
             Salt-pit
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             small
             Istmus
             of
             land
             ,
             which
             reacheth
             within
             a
             mile
             and
             a
             half
             of
             the
             Island
             of
             Nievis
             ,
             or
             Mevis
             .
          
           
             This
             Island
             is
             a
             place
             exceeding
             delightful
             ,
             
             and
             of
             a
             most
             delectable
             Prospect
             to
             the
             Eye
             of
             the
             beholder
             ;
             for
             if
             the
             Eye
             be
             directed
             downwards
             ,
             from
             the
             top
             ,
             it
             hath
             a
             Prospect
             of
             curious
             Gardens
             ,
             which
             gently
             descend
             to
             the
             Sea-side
             ;
             and
             in
             reguard
             of
             the
             continual
             Ascent
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             the
             lower
             Stage
             or
             Story
             ,
             doth
             not
             debar
             the
             Eye
             of
             the
             pleasant
             Prospect
             of
             that
             which
             lyeth
             at
             a
             Remoter
             distance
             ,
             which
             is
             terminated
             by
             those
             high
             Mountains
             :
             And
             that
             which
             maketh
             the
             Prospect
             the
             more
             delectable
             in
             the
             several
             Plantations
             (
             which
             are
             bounded
             
             with
             Rows
             of
             Trees
             alwayes
             in
             their
             Verdure
             )
             are
             the
             fair
             Houses
             covered
             with
             glazed
             Slate
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Division
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             and
             how
             Possessed
             .
          
           
             The
             whole
             Isle
             is
             divided
             into
             four
             Quarters
             or
             Cantons
             ,
             
             two
             of
             which
             ,
             are
             possessed
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             two
             by
             the
             French
             ;
             which
             parts
             are
             not
             so
             well
             watered
             ,
             as
             those
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             but
             are
             better
             for
             Tillage
             ,
             and
             not
             so
             Hilly
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             are
             more
             Populous
             then
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             have
             two
             fortified
             places
             ,
             one
             commanding
             the
             great
             Haven
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             a
             descent
             not
             far
             from
             
               Pointe
               de
               sable
            
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             have
             Four
             strong
             Forts
             ,
             of
             which
             one
             hath
             
               Regular
               Works
            
             like
             a
             Cittadel
             ,
             that
             of
             most
             
             note
             commands
             the
             Haven
             ,
             and
             is
             called
             Basse-Terre
             .
          
           
             Both
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             the
             French
             ,
             keep
             constant
             Guard
             at
             their
             Forts
             ,
             placed
             at
             the
             entrance
             of
             the
             Paths
             which
             leads
             to
             the
             several
             Wards
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             security
             of
             each
             other
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             five
             Churches
             in
             those
             parts
             belonging
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             
             viz.
             one
             at
             Sandy-point
             ,
             one
             at
             Palme-Tree
             ,
             another
             near
             the
             great
             Road
             ,
             and
             two
             at
             the
             Inlet
             of
             Cayoune
             ,
             with
             many
             fair
             Structures
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             ,
             besides
             their
             several
             Habitations
             ,
             dispersed
             up
             and
             down
             in
             their
             quarters
             ,
             have
             at
             Basse-Terre
             (
             near
             the
             Haven
             where
             Ships
             lye
             at
             Anchor
             )
             a
             Town
             of
             a
             good
             bigness
             ,
             
             whose
             Houses
             are
             well
             built
             ,
             of
             
               Brick
               ,
               Freestone
            
             ,
             and
             Timber
             ;
             where
             the
             Merchants
             have
             their
             Store-houses
             ,
             and
             is
             well
             
             Inhabited
             by
             Tradesmen
             ,
             and
             are
             well
             served
             with
             such
             Commodities
             ,
             both
             for
             the
             Back
             ,
             and
             Belly
             ,
             together
             with
             Utensils
             for
             their
             Houses
             ,
             and
             Plantations
             ,
             as
             they
             have
             occasion
             of
             ,
             in
             exchange
             of
             such
             Commodities
             which
             are
             the
             product
             of
             the
             Island
             .
             Here
             is
             a
             fair
             ,
             and
             large
             Church
             ,
             as
             also
             a
             publique-Hall
             ,
             for
             the
             administration
             of
             Justice
             :
             Here
             is
             also
             a
             very
             fair
             Hospital
             ,
             built
             by
             the
             General
             ,
             for
             such
             people
             that
             cannot
             get
             cure
             at
             their
             Houses
             ;
             where
             they
             are
             well
             maintained
             and
             attended
             by
             Doctors
             ,
             and
             Physitians
             ,
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             their
             Healths
             .
             Here
             is
             also
             a
             stately
             Castle
             ,
             being
             the
             Residence
             of
             the
             Governour
             ,
             most
             pleasantly
             seated
             ,
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             a
             high
             Mountain
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             the
             Sea
             ,
             having
             spacious
             Courts
             ,
             delightful
             Walks
             ,
             and
             Gardens
             ,
             and
             enjoyeth
             a
             curious
             prospect
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           NIEVIS
           ,
           or
           MEVIS
           .
        
         
           THe
           Island
           of
           Nievis
           ,
           
           or
           Mevis
           ,
           lyeth
           not
           far
           from
           St.
           Christophers
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           before
           noted
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           Seventeen
           degrees
           ,
           and
           Nineteen
           minutes
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           but
           small
           ,
           
           being
           not
           above
           Eighteen
           miles
           in
           Circuite
           .
        
         
         
           There
           is
           but
           One
           Mountain
           in
           the
           Isle
           ,
           and
           that
           is
           seated
           in
           the
           midst
           ,
           which
           is
           of
           a
           great
           height
           ,
           but
           of
           an
           easy
           Access
           ,
           and
           cloathed
           with
           Trees
           from
           its
           Somett
           to
           the
           bottom
           ;
           and
           about
           this
           Mountain
           ,
           are
           the
           Plantations
           which
           reach
           to
           the
           Sea-Shore
           .
        
         
           
             Springs
             of
             Water
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             divers
             Springs
             of
             Fresh-Water
             ,
             
             and
             one
             Spring
             of
             a
             Hott
             and
             
               Mineral
               Water
            
             ;
             not
             far
             from
             whose
             Spring-head
             are
             Baths
             made
             ,
             which
             are
             much
             frequented
             for
             the
             curing
             of
             several
             distempers
             of
             the
             Body
             of
             man.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             indifferent
             Fertile
             ,
             and
             hath
             store
             of
             Deer
             ,
             and
             other
             Game
             for
             Hunting
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Isle
             is
             Inhabited
             by
             about
             three
             or
             four
             Thousand
             ,
             who
             live
             well
             ,
             and
             drive
             a
             Trade
             for
             such
             things
             as
             they
             have
             occasion
             for
             ,
             by
             exchanging
             such
             Commodities
             as
             the
             Isle
             produceth
             ;
             as
             ,
             
               Sugar
               ,
               Cotton
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
               Tobacco
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             a
             well-Governed
             Colony
             ,
             where
             Justice
             is
             duly
             administred
             ,
             and
             all
             Vices
             severely
             punished
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             Worship
             of
             God
             ,
             
             here
             are
             three
             Churches
             ;
             and
             for
             its
             further
             defence
             ,
             and
             safety
             ,
             it
             hath
             a
             Fort
             ,
             whereon
             are
             mounted
             several
             Peeces
             ,
             for
             the
             security
             of
             the
             Ships
             in
             the
             Road
             ,
             or
             Harbour
             ,
             called
             Bath-Bay
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             the
             publique
             -
             Store-house
             .
          
           
             This
             Isle
             ,
             as
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Caribbee's
             ,
             are
             troubled
             with
             
             Muscheto's
             ,
             
               Chigos
               ,
               Murigoins
            
             ,
             and
             other
             
               Stinging
               Flyes
            
             ,
             which
             do
             much
             Annoy
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           ANTEGO
           .
        
         
           THe
           Island
           of
           Antego
           ,
           
           is
           seated
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           16
           degrees
           and
           11
           min.
           
           It
           is
           in
           Length
           ,
           
           about
           six
           ,
           or
           seven
           Leagues
           ,
           and
           about
           the
           same
           breadth
           in
           many
           places
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           of
           a
           difficult
           access
           ,
           and
           
           very
           dangerous
           for
           Shipping
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Rocks
           which
           encompass
           it
           .
        
         
           It
           hath
           some
           few
           Springs
           of
           Fresh-water
           ,
           
           besides
           which
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           which
           are
           about
           8
           or
           900.
           have
           made
           several
           Cisterns
           ,
           and
           Ponds
           ,
           for
           the
           preserving
           of
           Rain-Water
           .
        
         
           The
           Isle
           doth
           abound
           in
           Fish
           ,
           
           amongst
           which
           ,
           is
           the
           Sword-Fish
           which
           of
           all
           others
           ,
           would
           be
           the
           chief
           in
           the
           Sea.
           
        
         
           Here
           are
           great
           plenty
           of
           most
           sorts
           of
           Wild
           Fowl
           ,
           
           and
           not
           wanting
           in
           Venison
           ,
           and
           Tame
           Cattle
           .
        
         
           The
           Commodities
           that
           it
           affordeth
           ,
           
           are
           
             Sugar
             ,
             Indico
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
          
           &c.
           
        
         
           The
           Lord
           propriator
           of
           this
           Isle
           is
           ,
           the
           Rt.
           Hon.
           Will.
           L
           d.
           Willowby
           of
           Parham
           ,
           who
           is
           Governour
           of
           the
           Island
           of
           Barbadoes
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Isles
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           St.
           VINCENT
           .
        
         
           THe
           Island
           of
           St.
           Vincent
           ,
           
           lyeth
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           Sixteen
           degrees
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           about
           20
           miles
           in
           length
           ,
           
           and
           Fifteen
           in
           breadth
           ,
           of
           a
           Fertile
           Soyl
           ,
           yielding
           abundance
           of
           Sugar-Canes
           ;
           which
           grow
           Naturally
           without
           Planting
           .
        
         
         
           It
           is
           well
           watered
           with
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           affordeth
           many
           
             safe
             Roads
          
           ,
           and
           convenient
           Bayes
           ,
           for
           Shipping
           .
        
         
           The
           English
           have
           here
           some
           Settlement
           ,
           but
           are
           not
           very
           powerful
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           DOMINICA
           .
        
         
           THis
           Isle
           is
           seated
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           Fifteen
           degrees
           and
           a
           half
           .
           
        
         
           It
           is
           about
           12
           Leagues
           in
           length
           ,
           
           and
           8
           in
           breadth
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           West
           side
           of
           the
           Isle
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           convenient
           Harbour
           for
           Ships
           .
        
         
         
           It
           is
           very
           Montainous
           ,
           yet
           not
           without
           many
           Fertile
           Valleys
           ,
           producing
           several
           Commodities
           ,
           but
           chiefly
           Tobacco
           ,
           which
           is
           planted
           by
           the
           English
           ;
           but
           the
           Natives
           which
           are
           Canibals
           ,
           and
           very
           Barbarous
           ,
           doth
           much
           hinder
           the
           comming
           of
           the
           English
           to
           settle
           here
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           MONTSERRAT
           .
        
         
           MONTSERRAT
           ,
           
           an
           Island
           of
           a
           small
           Extent
           ,
           
           not
           exceeding
           
             Ten
             miles
          
           in
           Length
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           less
           Breadth
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           seated
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           17
           degree
           :
           It
           is
           much
           inclined
           to
           
           Mountains
           ,
           which
           are
           well
           cloathed
           with
           Caedar
           ,
           and
           other
           Trees
           and
           the
           Valleys
           ,
           and
           Plains
           ar●
           very
           Fertile
           .
        
         
           This
           Isle
           is
           most
           Inhabited
           by
           the
           Irish
           ,
           who
           have
           here
           a
           Church
           for
           Divine
           Worship
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           ANGVILLA
           .
        
         
           THis
           Isle
           is
           seated
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           Eighteen
           degrees
           ,
           
           and
           One
           and
           Twenty
           Minutes
           .
        
         
           It
           Extendeth
           it self
           in
           length
           ,
           about
           Ten
           Leagues
           ,
           and
           in
           breadth
           about
           Three
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Inhabitants
           are
           English
           ,
           which
           are
           Computed
           to
           amoun●
           unto
           two
           or
           three
           Hundred
           ,
           who
           are
           but
           poor
           ,
           the
           Isle
           being
           said
           not
           to
           be
           worth
           the
           keeping
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLAND
           of
           BARBADA
           .
        
         
           BARBADA
           ,
           
           or
           Barboude
           ,
           scituate
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           of
           Seventeen
           degrees
           and
           a
           half
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           an
           Isle
           of
           no
           great
           Extent
           ,
           not
           exceeding
           Fifteen
           miles
           in
           Length
           ,
           nor
           is
           it
           of
           any
           considerable
           Account
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           who
           
           are
           the
           Possessors
           of
           it
           :
           Yet
           is
           it
           found
           to
           be
           of
           a
           Fertile
           Soyl
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           well
           stored
           with
           
             Cattle
             ,
             Sheep
          
           ,
           &c.
           and
           may
           produce
           several
           good
           Commodities
           ,
           were
           it
           well
           managed
           ,
           to
           the
           advantage
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           The
           ISLES
           of
           BERMVDES
           ,
           OR
           ,
           The
           Summer-ISLES
           .
        
         
           EAst
           of
           Virginia
           ,
           
           and
           Carolina
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           part
           of
           Florida
           ,
           lyeth
           the
           Isles
           of
           Bermudes
           ;
           so
           called
           ,
           from
           
             John
             Bermudes
          
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           by
           
           whom
           they
           were
           first
           discovered
           .
           They
           are
           also
           called
           the
           Summer-Isles
           ,
           from
           the
           Shipwrack
           that
           one
           
             George
             Summers
          
           (
           an
           English-man
           )
           there
           suffered
           .
        
         
           These
           Isles
           lye
           distant
           from
           England
           ,
           about
           15
           or
           1600
           Leagues
           ,
           from
           Madera
           ,
           1000
           ,
           or
           1200
           ;
           from
           Hispaniola
           ,
           400
           ;
           and
           from
           Carolina
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           neerest
           part
           of
           Land
           ,
           about
           300
           Leagues
           .
        
         
           
             Their
             Extent
             .
          
           
             Of
             these
             Isles
             ,
             
             the
             greatest
             called
             St.
             Georges
             ,
             is
             5
             or
             6
             Leagues
             long
             ,
             and
             almost
             thorowout
             ,
             not
             above
             a
             quarter
             ,
             a
             third
             ,
             or
             half
             a
             League
             broad
             ,
             the
             others
             are
             much
             less
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Form
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             All
             these
             Isles
             together
             ,
             form
             a
             
             body
             like
             a
             Cressent
             ,
             and
             inclose
             very
             good
             Ports
             ,
             
             the
             chief
             among
             which
             ,
             are
             those
             of
             the
             
               Great-Sound
               ,
               Herringtons
               Inlet
               ,
               South-hampton
               ,
            
             and
             Pagets
             ;
             which
             ,
             with
             their
             Forts
             of
             Dover
             ,
             and
             Warwick
             ,
             take
             their
             names
             from
             the
             several
             Noble
             men
             that
             were
             concerned
             as
             undertakers
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Fertility
             ,
             Commodities
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Earth
             is
             exceeding
             Fertile
             ,
             
             yeilding
             two
             Crops
             yearly
             ;
             their
             Maize
             they
             gather
             in
             July
             ,
             and
             December
             .
          
           
             They
             have
             excellent
             Fruits
             ,
             
             as
             ,
             
               Oranges
               ,
               Dates
               ,
               Mulberries
            
             both
             White
             and
             Red
             ;
             where
             breed
             abundance
             of
             Silk-worms
             which
             spin
             Silk
             .
          
           
             Their
             chief
             Commodities
             are
             ,
             
               OOranges
               ,
               
               Couchaneil
            
             ,
             
             and
             Tobacco
             ,
             with
             some
             Pearl
             ,
             and
             Ambergreece
             ,
             and
             with
             these
             they
             drive
             some
             small
             Trade
             .
          
           
             They
             have
             plenty
             of
             Tortoises
             ,
             which
             is
             their
             ordinary
             food
             ,
             whose
             Flesh
             is
             very
             delicious
             .
          
           
             Their
             Hoggs
             ,
             
             which
             the
             Spaniards
             formerly
             carried
             thither
             ,
             are
             greatly
             encreased
             .
          
           
             They
             have
             many
             Fowles
             ,
             
             and
             Birds
             ,
             amongst
             which
             ,
             a
             great
             many
             Cranes
             ,
             with
             a
             Sea-Fowl
             that
             breeds
             in
             holes
             like
             Rabbets
             .
          
           
             They
             have
             no
             Fresh-Water
             for
             their
             occasions
             ,
             
             but
             that
             of
             Wells
             ,
             and
             Pits
             ,
             which
             Ebbs
             and
             Flowes
             with
             the
             Sea
             ,
             there
             being
             neither
             Fountain
             nor
             Stream
             in
             these
             Isles
             .
          
        
         
           
             No
             Venemous
             Beast
             .
          
           
             In
             these
             Isles
             are
             no
             
               Venemous
               
               beast
            
             ,
             
             their
             Spiders
             are
             not
             poysonous
             ,
             but
             are
             of
             sundry
             and
             various
             Colours
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             hot
             weather
             ,
             they
             make
             their
             Webs
             so
             strong
             ,
             that
             oft-times
             the
             small
             Birds
             are
             entangled
             and
             catched
             in
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Caedar
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             
               Caedar
               Trees
            
             ,
             which
             differs
             from
             all
             others
             in
             several
             respects
             ,
             but
             the
             wood
             is
             very
             sweet
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Air
             and
             Healthfulness
             .
          
           
             The
             Skie
             is
             almost
             always
             Serene
             ,
             
             and
             when
             darkned
             with
             clouds
             ,
             it
             commonly
             Thunders
             ,
             and
             Lightneth
             :
             And
             the
             Air
             is
             very
             Temperate
             ,
             and
             so
             exceeding
             healthful
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             rare
             to
             hear
             that
             any
             one
             dyeth
             of
             any
             Distemper
             ,
             
             but
             only
             Old
             age
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             many
             have
             removed
             from
             England
             hither
             ,
             only
             for
             the
             enjoyment
             of
             a
             long
             ,
             and
             healthful
             life
             ▪
             And
             those
             that
             have
             made
             any
             long
             continuance
             here
             ,
             are
             fearful
             o●
             removing
             out
             of
             so
             pure
             an
             Air.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             first
             setled
             themselves
             on
             these
             Isles
             about
             the
             year
             1612.
             
             and
             have
             now
             established
             a
             powerful
             Colony
             ,
             there
             being
             at
             present
             ,
             about
             four
             or
             five
             Thousand
             Inhabitants
             ,
             who
             have
             strongly
             Fortified
             the
             Approaches
             ,
             which
             with
             the
             Rocks
             in
             the
             Sea
             ,
             renders
             them
             Impregnable
             .
          
           
           
           
           
             
               map of Carolina
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           CAROLINA
           .
        
         
           CAROLINA
           ,
           a
           New
           established
           Colony
           ,
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           being
           that
           part
           of
           Florida
           adjoyning
           to
           Virginia
           ,
           
           which
           makes
           its
           Northern
           bounds
           in
           the
           Latitude
           of
           36
           degrees
           ;
           and
           extendeth
           it self
           to
           the
           Latitude
           of
           29
           ,
           which
           makes
           its
           extream
           Southern
           bounds
           ;
           on
           the
           East
           it
           is
           washed
           with
           the
           
             Atlantick
             Ocean
          
           ,
           
           and
           on
           the
           West
           ,
           it
           hath
           that
           large
           Tract
           of
           land
           which
           runneth
           into
           the
           
             Pacifique
             Ocean
          
           .
        
         
           
             It
             s
             Temperature
             ,
             and
             Healthfulness
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             a
             Countrey
             blest
             with
             a
             Temperate
             ,
             
             and
             Wholesome
             Air
             ,
             the
             heat
             in
             Summer
             ,
             nor
             the
             Cold
             in
             Winter
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             not
             so
             much
             as
             to
             check
             the
             growth
             of
             Plants
             ,
             Trees
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             several
             Fruits
             ,
             and
             Plants
             ,
             having
             their
             distinct
             seasons
             ,
             being
             no
             wayes
             offensive
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
             Neither
             is
             the
             Air
             thus
             Temperate
             ,
             and
             Agreeable
             ,
             to
             the
             Natives
             only
             ,
             but
             it
             is
             as
             Favourable
             to
             the
             English
             :
             And
             being
             thus
             healthful
             ,
             hath
             Invited
             several
             persons
             from
             the
             Bermudes
             to
             settle
             here
             ;
             who
             dwelling
             in
             so
             pure
             an
             Air
             ,
             durst
             not
             venture
             in
             any
             other
             Countrey
             .
             Nor
             
             do
             those
             from
             the
             Bermudes
             only
             remove
             hither
             ,
             upon
             the
             assurance
             of
             a
             happy
             life
             ,
             joyned
             with
             the
             gaining
             of
             Fair
             Estates
             ,
             but
             also
             ,
             many
             English
             from
             most
             of
             the
             
               American
               Plantations
            
             ,
             it
             being
             generally
             esteemed
             one
             of
             the
             best
             Colonies
             that
             ever
             the
             English
             were
             Masters
             of
             ;
             for
             here
             is
             
               Health
               ,
               Pleasure
            
             ,
             and
             Profit
             to
             be
             found
             ,
             which
             cannot
             be
             met
             with
             in
             so
             large
             a
             measure
             ,
             in
             any
             Countrey
             of
             the
             Indies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Fruits
             ,
             Hearbs
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Soyl
             is
             Rich
             ,
             
             and
             Fertile
             ,
             and
             produceth
             excellent
             Fruits
             ;
             as
             
               Apricocks
               ,
               Peaches
               ,
               Grapes
            
             ,
             (
             of
             which
             the
             English
             have
             made
             good
             
               Wine
               )
               Olives
               ,
               Walnuts
               ,
               Apples
               ,
               Pears
               ,
               Plumbs
               ,
               Cherries
               ,
               Figgs
               ,
               Mulberries
               ,
               Strawberries
               ,
               
               Water-Mellons
               ,
               Marachocks
               ,
               Quinces
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Fruits
             known
             to
             us
             in
             Europe
             ,
             which
             for
             goodness
             are
             no
             wayes
             Inferiour
             to
             them
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             Southern
             part
             ,
             
               Oranges
               ,
               Limes
               ,
               Pomgranates
            
             ,
             and
             Pome-Citrons
             .
             And
             indeed
             ,
             the
             Earth
             is
             very
             apt
             to
             produce
             ,
             and
             bring
             to
             Maturity
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             all
             sorts
             of
             Garden-Herbs
             ,
             and
             Roots
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Its
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             The
             Commodities
             which
             this
             Countrey
             doth
             ,
             
             and
             may
             produce
             ,
             are
             
               Wines
               ,
               Oyls
               ,
               Silk
               ,
               (
               Mulberry-Trees
            
             growing
             in
             great
             abundance
             in
             the
             
               Woods
               )
               Cotton
               ,
               Indico
               ,
               Ginger
               ,
               Tobacco
               ,
            
             &c.
             
             And
             it
             is
             believed
             ,
             that
             here
             may
             be
             made
             of
             the
             three
             first
             Commodities
             ,
             viz.
             
               Wines
               ,
               Oyl
            
             ,
             and
             Silk
             ,
             such
             great
             abundance
             ,
             to
             theirs
             ,
             and
             this
             
             Kingdoms
             enrichment
             ,
             that
             besides
             what
             we
             shall
             use
             our selves
             ,
             we
             may
             have
             wherewith
             to
             furnish
             
               Forrain
               Parts
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Besides
             the
             Mulberry-Trees
             ,
             
             here
             are
             those
             of
             
               Caedar
               ,
               Oak
            
             ,
             both
             White
             and
             Red
             ,
             
               Poplar
               ,
               Bay
               ,
               Ash
            
             ,
             and
             Pine
             ;
             with
             several
             others
             whose
             names
             are
             yet
             unknown
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Rivers
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             and
             Fowl.
             
          
           
             The
             Countrey
             is
             very
             well
             watered
             with
             Rivers
             ,
             
             there
             being
             between
             Cape-Carteret
             ,
             and
             Port-Rasal
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             above
             60
             miles
             ,
             5
             or
             6
             great
             Navigable
             Rivers
             ,
             which
             discharge
             themselves
             into
             the
             Sea
             ,
             besides
             several
             others
             of
             less
             Remark
             .
             And
             these
             Rivers
             are
             
             plentifully
             stored
             with
             excellent
             Fish
             of
             sundry
             sorts
             ,
             which
             being
             the
             same
             as
             are
             found
             in
             Virginia
             ,
             which
             comes
             next
             to
             be
             treated
             of
             ,
             I
             shall
             omit
             the
             nameing
             of
             them
             here
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             also
             great
             plenty
             of
             Wild-Fowl
             ,
             
             as
             
               Geese
               ,
               Cranes
               ,
               Swans
               ,
               Herons
               ,
               Curlews
               ,
               Heath-Cocks
               ,
               Oxeys
               ,
               Brants
               ,
               Dotterels
               ,
               Widgeons
               ,
               Teals
               ,
            
             and
             Duck
             ,
             and
             Mallard
             in
             an
             undestroyable
             quantity
             .
          
        
         
           
             Provisions
             in
             the
             Woods
             .
          
           
             The
             Woods
             are
             well
             stored
             with
             large
             
               Turkeys
               ,
               Phesants
               ,
               Partridges
               ,
               Turtle-Doves
               ,
               Wood-Pidgeons
               ,
            
             with
             great
             variety
             and
             plenty
             of
             small
             Birds
             .
             Also
             in
             the
             Woods
             ,
             are
             great
             plenty
             of
             Deer
             ,
             with
             abundance
             of
             
               Hares
               ,
               Coneys
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             Here
             are
             divers
             delightful
             ,
             and
             spacious
             Savanas
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Natives
             of
             Carolina
             .
          
           
             The
             Natives
             of
             Carolina
             ,
             
             according
             to
             the
             observation
             of
             Mr.
             
               John
               Ledener
            
             (
             who
             made
             three
             several
             journeys
             from
             Virginia
             ,
             to
             Carolina
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             1670.
             on
             purpose
             for
             a
             discovery
             of
             those
             parts
             ,
             and
             the
             better
             understanding
             the
             nature
             and
             disposition
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             )
             are
             said
             by
             him
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             people
             of
             a
             ready
             witt
             ,
             and
             though
             Illiterate
             ,
             of
             a
             good
             understanding
             .
             For
             the
             Account
             of
             time
             ,
             (
             he
             saith
             ,
             )
             they
             make
             use
             of
             Hieroglyphicks
             ,
             and
             Emblems
             of
             things
             ;
             likewise
             they
             instruct
             their
             Children
             in
             such
             things
             as
             relates
             to
             their
             Families
             and
             Countrey
             ,
             which
             is
             so
             preserved
             from
             Generation
             ,
             to
             
             Generation
             ;
             where
             a
             battle
             hath
             been
             fought
             ,
             or
             upon
             the
             settlement
             of
             a
             Colony
             ,
             they
             raise
             a
             small
             Pyramid
             of
             stone
             ,
             which
             doth
             consist
             of
             the
             number
             slain
             ,
             or
             setled
             at
             such
             a
             Colony
             .
             For
             
               Religious
               Rites
            
             ,
             either
             
               Devotion
               ,
               Sacrifice
            
             ,
             or
             Burial
             ,
             they
             make
             a
             round
             circle
             of
             short
             Strawes
             ,
             or
             Reeds
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             the
             placing
             of
             the
             said
             Strawes
             ,
             or
             Reeds
             ,
             it
             is
             known
             for
             what
             it
             was
             made
             ;
             and
             to
             meddle
             with
             such
             Circles
             ,
             is
             esteemed
             no
             better
             than
             Sacriledge
             .
          
           
             He
             saith
             ,
             they
             worship
             one
             God
             ;
             as
             Creator
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             to
             whom
             their
             High-Priest
             offers
             Sacrifice
             ,
             but
             believes
             he
             hath
             somthing
             else
             to
             do
             ,
             than
             to
             reguard
             
               Humane
               Affairs
            
             ,
             but
             doth
             commit
             the
             Government
             thereof
             to
             lesser
             Deities
             ;
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             good
             and
             
               evil
               Spirits
            
             ,
             to
             whom
             their
             Inferiour
             Priests
             
             makes
             their
             Devotion
             ,
             and
             Sacrifice
             .
             He
             saith
             ,
             they
             beleive
             the
             Transmigration
             of
             the
             Soul
             ,
             and
             when
             any
             one
             dyeth
             ,
             they
             Interr
             with
             the
             
               Corps
               ,
               Provisions
            
             ,
             and
             Housholdstuff
             for
             the
             Elizium
             or
             next
             World
             ,
             which
             they
             fancy
             to
             be
             beyond
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             
               Indian
               Ocean
            
             .
             He
             further
             saith
             ,
             that
             from
             four
             women
             ,
             they
             believe
             all
             mankind
             Sprung
             ,
             and
             do
             therefore
             divide
             themselves
             into
             as
             many
             Tribes
             ;
             and
             in
             their
             Marriages
             ,
             they
             are
             very
             Superstitious
             .
          
           
             He
             saith
             ,
             they
             are
             generally
             well-proportionate
             ;
             they
             are
             great
             Favourers
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             living
             together
             in
             Love
             and
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             upon
             all
             occasions
             ,
             ready
             to
             contribute
             their
             assistance
             unto
             them
             .
             They
             are
             generally
             of
             a
             good
             ,
             and
             honest
             meaning
             ,
             no
             wayes
             addicted
             to
             Vice
             ,
             or
             to
             ExExtravagancies
             ,
             
             contending
             themselves
             with
             a
             mean
             Dyet
             and
             Apparrel
             for
             their
             present
             subsistance
             ,
             not
             taking
             much
             care
             for
             the
             time
             to
             come
             .
             He
             further
             saith
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             much
             addicted
             to
             Mirth
             ,
             and
             Dancing
             ;
             they
             are
             also
             much
             prone
             to
             Honour
             ,
             and
             Valour
             ,
             which
             they
             place
             above
             all
             other
             Vertues
             ,
             which
             doth
             occasion
             them
             to
             be
             so
             continually
             engaged
             against
             one
             another
             in
             Wars
             :
             and
             that
             side
             which
             Fortune
             Crowneth
             with
             Victory
             ,
             Triumphal
             Jollaties
             are
             performed
             by
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             Countrey
             (
             he
             saith
             )
             is
             divided
             into
             several
             petty
             Kingdoms
             ,
             
             and
             the
             People
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             keep
             no
             good
             Correspondence
             with
             those
             that
             border
             upon
             them
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             least
             occasion
             ,
             wage
             War
             one
             against
             another
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             Countrey
             of
             Carolina
             (
             he
             
             saith
             )
             that
             there
             are
             several
             
               Indian
               Towns
            
             which
             are
             generally
             the
             Habitation
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             that
             commands
             the
             Territory
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Proprietors
             of
             Carolina
             .
          
           
             This
             Province
             or
             Countrey
             of
             Carolina
             ,
             
             was
             first
             Possessed
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             about
             the
             year
             1660
             ,
             and
             became
             a
             Proprietorship
             ;
             which
             his
             present
             Majesty
             K.
             Charles
             the
             Second
             ,
             granted
             by
             Patent
             to
             the
             Right
             Noble
             ,
             George
             Duke
             of
             Albemarle
             ,
             Earl
             of
             Torrington
             ,
             Baron
             Moncke
             of
             
               Potheridge
               ,
               Peachampe
            
             and
             Teys
             ,
             Knight
             of
             the
             Noble
             Order
             of
             the
             
               Garter
               ,
               Captain
               General
            
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Land-Forces
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             the
             Lords
             of
             his
             Majesties
             most
             Honourable
             Privy
             Council
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Right
             Honourable
             ,
             Edward
             Earl
             of
             Clarendon
             ,
             
             Viscount
             Cornbury
             ,
             and
             Baron
             Hide
             of
             Hendon
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Right
             Honourable
             ,
             William
             Earl
             of
             Craven
             ,
             Viscount
             Craven
             of
             Uffington
             ,
             Baron
             Craven
             of
             Hamsted-Marshal
             ,
             Lord
             Lieutenant
             of
             the
             County
             of
             Middlesex
             ,
             and
             Borouh
             of
             Southwark
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             the
             Lords
             of
             his
             Majesties
             most
             Honourable
             
               Privy
               Council
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Right
             Honourable
             John
             Lord
             Berkley
             ,
             Baron
             Berkley
             of
             Stratton
             ,
             Lord
             Lievtenant
             of
             Ireland
             for
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             &c.
             
             The
             Right
             Honourable
             ,
             Anthony
             Lord
             Ashley
             ,
             Baron
             Ashley
             of
             Winbourn
             St.
             
               Giles
               ,
               Chancellour
            
             of
             the
             
               Exchequor
               ,
               under-Treasurer
            
             of
             England
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Lords
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Treasury
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             the
             Lords
             of
             his
             Majesties
             most
             Honourable
             
               Privy
               Council
            
             ,
             &c.
             The
             Honourable
             Sr.
             
               George
               Carteret
            
             of
             Hawnes
             
             in
             Bedfordshire
             Baronet
             ,
             Vice-Chamberlain
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Houshold
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             his
             Majesties
             most
             Honourable
             
               Privy
               Council
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             Sr.
             
               William
               Berkley
            
             of
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Knight
             and
             Baronet
             ,
             and
             to
             Sr.
             
               John
               Colleton
            
             of
             London
             ,
             Knight
             and
             Baronet
             ;
             and
             to
             their
             Heirs
             and
             Successors
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             said
             
               Lords
               proprietors
            
             ,
             having
             by
             their
             Patent
             ,
             power
             to
             establish
             a
             Government
             ,
             and
             make
             Lawes
             for
             the
             better
             Regulation
             thereof
             ,
             and
             the
             inviting
             of
             Inhabitants
             ,
             have
             formed
             a
             Model
             ,
             (
             which
             by
             the
             general
             consent
             of
             all
             the
             Proprietors
             )
             was
             drawn
             up
             by
             the
             Right
             Honourable
             the
             Lord
             Ashley
             ,
             a
             person
             of
             great
             Worth
             ,
             and
             Prudence
             ;
             whose
             knowledg
             in
             matters
             of
             State
             ,
             and
             the
             Settlement
             of
             a
             Government
             ,
             is
             sufficiently
             
             praise
             worthy
             by
             all
             perso●●
             ▪
             Which
             said
             Model
             is
             so
             well
             fr●med
             for
             the
             good
             and
             welfare
             〈◊〉
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             estee●ed
             by
             all
             judicious
             persons
             withou●
             compare
             ;
             but
             the
             said
             Model
             ,
             b●ing
             too
             long
             to
             be
             set
             down
             in
             th●●
             small
             Treatise
             ,
             I
             must
             be
             constra●ned
             to
             omit
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Settlements
             of
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             at
             present
             two
             considerable
             Settlements
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             for
             so
             short
             a
             time
             ,
             the
             one
             at
             Albemarle-River
             in
             the
             North
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             about
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Countrey
             on
             
               Ashley
               River
            
             ,
             which
             is
             likely
             to
             be
             the
             Scale
             of
             Trade
             for
             the
             whole
             Countrey
             ,
             as
             being
             scituate
             very
             Commodious
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             healthful
             place
             .
          
           
           
           
             
               map of New England, Virginia, Maryland and Newfoundland
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           VIRGINIA
           .
        
         
           
             Its
             Bounds
             .
          
           
             VIRGINIA
             particularly
             now
             so
             called
             ,
             
             hath
             for
             its
             Southern
             Limits
             ,
             Carolina
             ;
             for
             its
             Eastern
             ,
             the
             Atlantick
             Ocean
             ;
             for
             its
             Northern
             ,
             Mariland
             ;
             and
             for
             its
             Western
             ,
             that
             vast
             tract
             of
             Land
             which
             runneth
             into
             the
             South-Sea
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             It
             s
             Name
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             was
             said
             to
             b●
             first
             discovered
             by
             Sr.
             
               Franc●●
               Drake
            
             (
             as
             indeed
             all
             this
             Tract
             o●
             Sea-Coast
             )
             
             and
             was
             so
             named
             by
             Sir.
             
               Walter
               Rawleigh
            
             ,
             (
             a
             great
             promoter
             of
             this
             discovery
             ,
             )
             in
             honou●
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             ,
             who
             the●
             Reigned
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Settlement
             of
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             Much
             time
             was
             spent
             in
             the
             discovery
             of
             this
             Countrey
             ,
             with
             vast
             expences
             in
             the
             setting
             forth
             of
             Ships
             and
             not
             without
             the
             great
             loss
             o●
             many
             a
             poor
             wretches
             life
             ,
             besore
             it
             could
             be
             brought
             to
             perfection
             ;
             but
             at
             length
             ,
             through
             the
             Industry
             of
             †
             Captain
             
               John
               Smith
            
             ,
             and
             other
             worthy
             persons
             ,
             who
             took
             great
             
             pains
             for
             the
             advancement
             of
             these
             discoveries
             ,
             fortune
             began
             to
             smile
             ●n
             her
             ,
             and
             about
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             James
             ,
             a
             Patent
             was
             grant●d
             to
             certain
             persons
             as
             a
             Corpora●ion
             ,
             and
             called
             the
             Company
             of
             Adventurers
             of
             Virginia
             .
             Afterwards
             other
             Patents
             were
             granted
             to
             them
             for
             larger
             Extents
             of
             Land
             excluded
             in
             the
             former
             ;
             ●ut
             the
             said
             Corporation
             committing
             of
             several
             ,
             and
             frequent
             Misdemeanours
             ,
             and
             Miscarriages
             ,
             the
             said
             Patent
             about
             the
             year
             1623
             was
             made
             Nul
             ;
             since
             which
             it
             hath
             been
             free
             for
             all
             his
             
               Majesties
               Subjects
            
             ,
             to
             Trade
             into
             these
             parts
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             s
             Air
             and
             Temperature
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             is
             blest
             with
             a
             sweet
             aud
             wholesome
             Air
             ,
             and
             the
             Clime
             of
             late
             very
             agreeable
             to
             
             the
             English
             ,
             
             since
             the
             clearing
             o●
             Woods
             ;
             so
             that
             now
             few
             dyeth
             o●
             the
             Countreys
             disease
             ,
             called
             th●
             Seasoning
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Soyl.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             every
             where
             interlaced
             with
             delectable
             Hills
             ,
             and
             rich
             Valleys
             and
             of
             a
             Soyl
             so
             Fertile
             ,
             that
             an
             Acre
             of
             ground
             commonly
             yieldeth
             200
             Bushels
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             is
             very
             apt
             to
             produce
             what
             is
             put
             therein
             ,
             as
             
               English
               Grains
            
             ,
             
             
               Roots
               ,
               Seeds
               ,
               Plants
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
            
             &c.
             besides
             those
             appropriated
             to
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             other
             adjacent
             parts
             of
             America
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             
               Here
               are
               excellent
            
             Fruits
             
               in
               great
               abundance
            
             ,
             
             
               which
               may
               be
               compared
               with
               those
               of
            
             Italy
             or
             Spain
             ,
             as
             
             Apricocks
             ,
             Peaches
             ,
             Mellons
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             Pears
             ,
             Plumbs
             ,
             Cherries
             ,
             Grapes
             ,
             Figgs
             ,
             Pomgranates
             ,
             Quinces
             ,
             Maracocks
             ,
             Puchamines
             ,
             Chesnuts
             ,
             Walnuts
             ,
             Olives
             ,
             Straberries
             ,
             Rasberries
             ,
             Goosberries
             ,
             and
             Mulberries
             
               in
               great
               abundance
            
             .
          
           
             Of
             their
             Apples
             they
             make
             Syder
             ;
             of
             their
             
               Pears
               ,
               Perry
            
             ;
             and
             of
             their
             
               Grapes
               ,
               Wine
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Roots
             and
             Herbs
             .
          
           
             
               They
               have
               several
               sorts
               of
            
             Roots
             ,
             
             as
             Potatoes
             ,
             Carrets
             ,
             Turnips
             ,
             Artichoaks
             ,
             Onyons
             ,
             Cabbages
             ,
             Collyflowers
             ,
             Sparagus
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               And
               most
               sort
               of
            
             Garden-herbs
             ,
             
               known
               to
               us
               in
               great
               plenty
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Fowles
             ,
             and
             Birds
             .
          
           
             Here
             is
             great
             plenty
             of
             Fowle
             ,
             
             as
             wild
             Turkeys
             ,
             which
             usually
             weigh
             6
             stone
             ;
             
               Partridges
               ,
               Swans
               ,
               Geese
               ,
               Ducks
               ,
               Teal
               ,
               Widgeons
               ,
               Dotterels
               ,
               Heathcocks
               ,
               Oxeyes
               ,
               Brants
               ,
               Pidgeons
               ,
               Cranes
               ,
               Herons
               ,
               Eagles
               ,
            
             and
             several
             sorts
             of
             Hawkes
             .
             And
             for
             small
             
               Birds
               ▪
            
             innumerable
             quantities
             of
             sundry
             sorts
             ,
             as
             
               Blackbirds
               ,
               Thrushes
               ,
               Red-birds
            
             ;
             and
             above
             all
             ,
             the
             Mockbirds
             ,
             which
             counterfeiteth
             the
             notes
             of
             all
             Birds
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Wilde
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             Tame
             Cattle
             .
          
           
             
               They
               have
               great
               store
               of
            
             wilde
             Beasts
             ,
             as
             Lyons
             ,
             Bears
             ,
             Leopards
             ,
             Tygers
             ,
             Wolves
             ,
             
               and
               Dogs
               like
            
             
             Wolves
             ,
             
               but
               brake
               not
            
             ;
             
             Buffeloes
             ,
             Elks
             ,
             
               whose
               Flesh
               is
               as
               good
               as
               Beef
            
             ;
             Rosconnes
             ,
             Utchunquois
             ,
             Deer
             ,
             Hares
             ,
             Bevers
             ,
             Ottors
             ,
             Foxes
             ,
             Martins
             ,
             Poulcats
             ,
             Wesells
             ,
             Musk-Rats
             ,
             Flying
             Squirils
             ,
             
               &c.
               
               And
               for
            
             Tame
             Cattle
             ,
             Cowes
             ,
             Sheep
             ,
             Goats
             ,
             Hoggs
             ,
             and
             Horses
             
               in
               great
               plenty
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Fish
             .
          
           
             
               Here
               is
               great
               plenty
               of
               Excellent
            
             Fish
             
             
               as
               well
               in
               the
            
             Sea
             ,
             
               and
               Bay
               of
            
             Chesopeack
             ,
             
               as
               in
               the
            
             Rivers
             ,
             viz.
             Cods
             ,
             Thornback
             ,
             Sturgeon
             ,
             Grampuses
             ,
             Porpuses
             ,
             Drums
             ,
             Cat-Fish
             ,
             Basses
             ,
             Sheepsheads
             (
             
               which
               makes
               broath
               like
               that
               of
            
             Mutton
             )
             Cony-Fish
             ,
             Rock-Fish
             ,
             Creey-Fish
             ,
             White
             Salmons
             ,
             Mullets
             ,
             Soles
             ,
             Plaice
             ,
             Mackrel
             ,
             Trouts
             ,
             Perches
             ,
             Conger-Eels
             ,
             Herrings
             ,
             Crabs
             ,
             Oysters
             ,
             Shrimps
             ,
             Cockles
             ,
             Muscles
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             which
             this
             Countrey
             doth
             ,
             
             or
             may
             produce
             ,
             are
             
               Hemp
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               Hops
               ,
               Rape-Seed
               ,
               Anniceseed
               ,
               Wood
               ,
               Madder
               ,
               Pot-Ashes
               ▪
               Honey
               ,
               Wax
               ,
               Silk
               ,
            
             (
             if
             they
             would
             make
             it
             ,
             Mulberry-Trees
             here
             growing
             in
             such
             great
             plenty
             )
             
               Saxafras
               ,
               Sarsaparilla
            
             ,
             several
             swee●
             Gums
             ,
             and
             Balsomes
             of
             Sovereign
             vertues
             ,
             several
             sorts
             of
             
               Plants
               ▪
               Woods
            
             ,
             &c.
             used
             by
             Dyers
             ,
             here
             are
             veins
             of
             
               Alomes
               ,
               Iron
            
             ,
             and
             Copper
             ,
             sundry
             sorts
             of
             Rich
             
               Furrs
               ,
               Elk-skins
            
             (
             which
             maketh
             excellen●
             Buffe
             )
             and
             other
             
               Hides
               ;
               Pitch
               ,
               Tarr
               ,
               Rozen
               ,
               Turpentine
               ,
               Butter
               ,
               Cheese
               ,
            
             and
             
               Salted
               Flesh
            
             and
             Fish
             ,
             which
             find
             vent
             at
             the
             Barbadoes
             ,
             and
             other
             
               Caribbe
               Isles
            
             ;
             but
             above
             all
             these
             ,
             their
             chief
             Commodity
             is
             Tobacco
             ,
             
             which
             they
             are
             sure
             to
             find
             vent
             for
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             Standard
             by
             which
             all
             other
             Commodities
             are
             prized
             ;
             but
             it
             were
             well
             for
             the
             Inhabitants
             if
             they
             would
             imploy
             their
             time
             ,
             about
             the
             making
             of
             Silk
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             short
             time
             would
             be
             found
             more
             advantageous
             unto
             them
             ,
             &
             then
             their
             Tobacco
             would
             not
             be
             so
             great
             a
             Drug
             as
             of
             late
             it
             is
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             the
             Merchant
             oft-times
             had
             rather
             lose
             it
             ,
             then
             to
             pay
             the
             charges
             and
             Duties
             of
             
               Freight
               ,
               Custome
               ,
               Excise
            
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Here
             groweth
             a
             kind
             of
             Flax
             ,
             called
             Silk-grass
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Indians
             make
             Thred
             ,
             and
             Strings
             ,
             and
             is
             good
             to
             make
             Linnen-cloth
             ,
             and
             Shifts
             ,
             and
             would
             make
             excellent
             strong
             Cables
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Here
             all
             Trades-men
             ,
             especially
             Handicrafts
             finds
             good
             encouragement
             ;
             and
             for
             those
             Commodities
             aforesaid
             ,
             the
             English
             (
             who
             have
             the
             sole
             Trade
             )
             bring
             them
             all
             sorts
             of
             Apparel
             ,
             all
             manner
             of
             Utinsills
             ,
             
             belonging
             to
             Household-stuf
             ,
             or
             necessary
             in
             their
             Plantations
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             ;
             also
             
               Wine
               ,
               Brandy
            
             ,
             and
             other
             strong
             Drinks
             ;
             likewise
             all
             
               Silks
               ,
               Stuf
            
             and
             Cloth
             ,
             both
             Linnen
             and
             Wollen
             ,
             which
             they
             convert
             to
             several
             uses
             according
             to
             their
             Fancyes
             ,
             being
             now
             supplyed
             by
             Taylors
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Here
             groweth
             sundry
             sorts
             of
             Trees
             ,
             of
             the
             red
             and
             white
             
               Oak
               
               Black
               Walnut
            
             ,
             
             
               Cedar
               ,
               Pine
               Cyprus
               ,
               Chesnut
               ,
               Poppler
               ,
               Ash
               ,
               Elm
               ,
            
             &c.
             many
             of
             which
             are
             very
             good
             for
             the
             building
             of
             Ships
             ,
             and
             other
             uses
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             is
             well
             watered
             with
             several
             great
             ,
             and
             strong
             Rivers
             which
             lose
             themselves
             in
             the
             Gulph
             or
             bay
             of
             Chesopeak
             ,
             which
             gives
             entrance
             for
             shipping
             in
             this
             Country
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             Mary-Land
             next
             adjoyning
             ;
             which
             said
             Bay
             is
             very
             large
             ,
             Capacious
             ,
             and
             Comodious
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             being
             said
             to
             run
             up
             into
             the
             Countrey
             northwards
             near
             75
             Leagues
             ;
             its
             breadth
             in
             many
             places
             ,
             being
             5
             ,
             6
             ,
             or
             7
             Leagues
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             more
             ,
             and
             6
             or
             7
             Fathom
             deep
             ,
             and
             its
             opening
             to
             the
             South
             between
             Cape-Henry
             ,
             
             which
             begineth
             Virginia
             ,
             and
             Cape-Charles
             on
             the
             other
             side
             opposite
             ,
             being
             about
             10
             ,
             or
             12
             Leagues
             wide
             .
          
           
             The
             principal
             of
             these
             Rivers
             begining
             at
             Cape-Henry
             ,
             
             are
             Pawhatan
             ,
             now
             called
             James-River
             ,
             being
             very
             large
             &
             Commodious
             for
             ships
             ,
             and
             found
             navigable
             about
             50
             
               Leagues
               .
               Pamaunke
            
             ,
             now
             York-River
             ,
             also
             large
             and
             Navigable
             ,
             about
             20
             Leagues
             .
             Rapahanock
             or
             Toppahanock
             ,
             likewise
             a
             good
             River
             and
             Navigable
             ,
             about
             40.
             
             Leagues
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             last
             River
             of
             Virginia
             Northwardly
             ,
             that
             falls
             into
             the
             Bay
             of
             Chesopeack
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Townes
             .
          
           
             Upon
             ,
             or
             near
             ,
             these
             Rivers
             for
             the
             conveniency
             of
             shipping
             ,
             
             the
             English
             are
             seated
             ,
             which
             at
             present
             do
             amount
             unto
             the
             number
             of
             about
             30
             ,
             or
             40000
             ,
             and
             have
             some
             Townes
             ,
             the
             chief
             amongst
             which
             ,
             is
             James-Town
             ,
             
             or
             rather
             
               James
               City
            
             ,
             commodiously
             seated
             James-River
             ;
             the
             Town
             is
             beautified
             with
             many
             fair
             and
             well
             built
             Brick
             Houses
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             is
             the
             chief
             town
             of
             the
             Countrey
             ;
             here
             is
             kept
             the
             Courts
             of
             Judicature
             and
             Offices
             of
             publique
             concern
             ;
             not
             far
             from
             which
             ,
             at
             Green-Spring
             ,
             resideth
             the
             Governour
             Sir
             
               William
               Berkley
            
             .
          
           
             Next
             to
             James-town
             may
             be
             reckoned
             that
             of
             Elizabeth
             ,
             
             seated
             at
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             said
             River
             ,
             a
             well
             built
             Town
             .
          
           
             Also
             Dales-gift
             ,
             
             Wicocomoco
             ,
             Bermuda
             ,
             
               and
               others
            
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             English
             Government
             .
          
           
             
               This
               Countrey
            
             is
             Governed
             by
             Laws
             agreeable
             with
             those
             of
             England
             ,
             
             for
             the
             deciding
             of
             all
             Causes
             both
             Civil
             and
             Criminal
             ;
             which
             said
             Laws
             are
             thus
             made
             by
             the
             Governour
             ,
             appointed
             by
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             with
             the
             consent
             of
             the
             
               General
               Assembly
            
             ,
             which
             doth
             consist
             of
             his
             Council
             ,
             and
             the
             Burgesses
             chosen
             by
             the
             Free-holders
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             the
             better
             Government
             ,
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             which
             is
             possessed
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             is
             divided
             into
             several
             Counties
             ,
             in
             each
             of
             which
             are
             
               Sheriffs
               ,
               Justices
            
             of
             the
             Peace
             ,
             and
             other
             Officers
             ,
             which
             are
             from
             time
             to
             time
             appoynted
             by
             the
             Governour
             ;
             The
             names
             of
             the
             Counties
             are
             those
             of
             Carotuck
             ,
             
             
               Charles
               ,
               Glocester
               ,
               Hartford
               ,
               Henrico
               ,
               
               James
               ,
               New-Kent
               ,
               Lancastar
               ,
               Middlesex
               ,
               Nansemund
               ,
               Lower-Norfolk
               ,
               Northampton
               ,
               Northumberland
               ,
               Rappahanock
               ,
               Surrey
               ,
               Warwick
               ,
               Westmorland
               ,
            
             Isle
             of
             Wight
             ,
             and
             York
             ,
             and
             in
             each
             of
             these
             Counties
             ,
             are
             held
             petty
             Courts
             ,
             every
             month
             from
             which
             there
             may
             be
             Appeales
             to
             the
             Quarter-Court
             held
             at
             James-Town
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Natives
             or
             Indians
             .
          
           
             Virginia
             was
             ,
             and
             yet
             is
             the
             habitation
             of
             divers
             sorts
             of
             Indians
             ,
             which
             have
             no
             dependance
             upon
             each
             other
             ,
             being
             of
             particular
             Tribes
             ,
             and
             having
             their
             peculiar
             King
             to
             Govern
             them
             ;
             every
             Indian-Town
             ,
             or
             rather
             poor
             Village
             ,
             being
             the
             habitation
             of
             a
             King
             ;
             and
             these
             People
             do
             rather
             
             live
             at
             enmity
             ,
             than
             amity
             together
             .
             And
             as
             to
             their
             
               Dispositions
               ,
               Manners
               ,
               Religions
            
             ,
             &c.
             there
             is
             found
             a
             difference
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             all
             in
             their
             Languages
             ;
             so
             that
             those
             People
             may
             not
             improperly
             be
             called
             so
             many
             several
             Nations
             .
          
           
             They
             are
             generally
             a
             sort
             of
             people
             well
             proportionate
             ,
             stout
             ,
             of
             a
             swarthy
             complexion
             ,
             their
             Hair
             black
             ,
             and
             flaggy
             ,
             which
             they
             wear
             long
             ;
             they
             are
             of
             a
             ready
             Wit
             ,
             very
             Subtile
             ,
             and
             Treacherous
             ,
             not
             much
             addicted
             to
             labour
             ,
             being
             too
             great
             lovers
             of
             their
             ease
             ;
             they
             are
             much
             given
             to
             Hunting
             ,
             and
             going
             to
             Wars
             with
             each
             other
             ,
             their
             Weapons
             being
             the
             Bow
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             at
             which
             they
             are
             very
             expert
             ,
             being
             good
             marks-men
             ;
             but
             of
             late
             they
             have
             got
             the
             use
             of
             Guns
             ,
             and
             other
             Weapons
             ,
             through
             the
             folly
             of
             the
             English
             in
             
             shewing
             them
             .
             They
             are
             very
             loving
             and
             obedient
             to
             their
             Kings
             ;
             in
             matters
             of
             Religion
             ,
             they
             observe
             strange
             Ceremonies
             ,
             and
             their
             Priests
             (
             which
             are
             esteemed
             Conjurers
             )
             makes
             Sacrifices
             for
             them
             .
             They
             believe
             the
             Transmigration
             of
             the
             Soul
             ,
             and
             have
             strange
             fancies
             about
             the
             Creation
             of
             they
             World
             ,
             they
             believe
             there
             is
             a
             God
             ,
             but
             think
             he
             hath
             something
             else
             to
             do
             then
             to
             concern
             himself
             with
             things
             below
             ,
             as
             too
             inferiour
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             do
             therefore
             not
             Worship
             him
             ;
             but
             the
             Divel
             they
             worship
             out
             of
             a
             fear
             ,
             least
             he
             should
             destroy
             them
             ,
             as
             having
             the
             power
             of
             them
             .
          
           
             Their
             Apparel
             is
             but
             mean
             ,
             
             only
             contenting
             themselves
             with
             something
             to
             cover
             their
             Nakedness
             ;
             and
             for
             the
             better
             defending
             themselves
             from
             the
             weather
             ,
             
             they
             anoynt
             their
             Bodyes
             with
             certain
             Oyles
             mixt
             with
             
               Beares
               Grease
            
             .
          
           
             Their
             Houses
             are
             no
             better
             then
             our
             
               English
               Hogsties
            
             ,
             
             and
             are
             made
             of
             Boughs
             ,
             and
             covered
             with
             Bark
             of
             Trees
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             midst
             thereof
             ,
             is
             placed
             their
             Chimney
             ,
             or
             Fire-place
             .
          
           
             Their
             Dyet
             in
             meaness
             ,
             
             is
             answerable
             to
             their
             Houses
             ,
             not
             endeavouring
             to
             please
             their
             Pallets
             with
             curious
             Sauces
             ,
             or
             pompering
             their
             Bodies
             with
             provokative
             Meates
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           MARYLAND
           .
        
         
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             and
             Bounds
             .
          
           
             THe
             Province
             of
             Maryland
             lying
             between
             the
             degrees
             of
             37
             ,
             and
             50
             minutes
             ,
             or
             thereabouts
             ,
             and
             40
             degrees
             of
             
               Northern
               Latitude
            
             .
             It
             hath
             for
             its
             Bounds
             on
             the
             South
             ,
             Virginia
             ,
             (
             from
             which
             it
             is
             parted
             by
             the
             River
             Patowmeck
             ,
             
             whose
             Southerly
             bank
             divides
             the
             Province
             from
             
               Virginia
               ;
            
             )
             on
             the
             East
             ,
             the
             
               Atlantick
               Ocean
            
             ,
             and
             Delaware-Bay
             ;
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             New-England
             ,
             and
             New-York
             ,
             formerly
             part
             of
             New-England
             ,
             lying
             on
             the
             East
             side
             of
             Delaware-Bay
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             West
             ,
             the
             true
             Meridian
             of
             the
             first
             fountain
             of
             the
             River
             of
             Patowmeck
             .
          
           
             The
             Bay
             of
             Chesopeack
             giving
             entrance
             to
             Ships
             into
             Virginia
             ,
             
             and
             Maryland
             ,
             passeth
             through
             the
             heart
             of
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             is
             found
             Navigable
             near
             200
             miles
             ;
             into
             which
             falls
             the
             Rivers
             of
             
               Patowmeck
               ,
               Patuxent
               ,
               Ann-Arundel
            
             ,
             (
             alas
             Severn
             )
             and
             Sasquesahanough
             ,
             
             lying
             on
             the
             West
             side
             of
             the
             Bay
             ;
             and
             to
             the
             East
             of
             the
             said
             Bay
             ,
             those
             of
             
               Choptanke
               ,
               Nantecoke
               ,
               Pocomoke
            
             ,
             and
             several
             other
             Rivers
             and
             Rivulets
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             
             improvement
             of
             the
             Soyl
             ,
             and
             Beauty
             of
             this
             Province
             .
          
           
             The
             Countrey
             of
             late
             ,
             since
             the
             Felling
             of
             the
             Woods
             ,
             and
             the
             Peoples
             accustoming
             themselves
             to
             
               English
               Dyet
            
             ,
             is
             very
             healthful
             and
             and
             agreeable
             to
             the
             constitution
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             
             few
             now
             dying
             at
             their
             first
             coming
             ,
             of
             the
             
               Countreys
               disease
            
             ,
             or
             Seasoning
             .
             And
             as
             to
             the
             Temperature
             of
             Air
             ,
             the
             heats
             in
             Summer
             ,
             receive
             such
             seasonable
             allayes
             from
             gentle
             breezes
             ,
             and
             fresh
             Showres
             of
             Rain
             ;
             and
             the
             Cold
             in
             Winter
             ,
             is
             of
             so
             little
             durance
             ,
             that
             the
             Inhabitants
             cannot
             be
             said
             to
             suffer
             by
             either
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Soyl
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             Countrey
             is
             generally
             plain
             and
             even
             ,
             yet
             rising
             in
             some
             places
             into
             small
             and
             pleasant
             Hills
             ,
             
             which
             heighten
             the
             beauty
             of
             the
             adjacent
             Valleys
             .
          
           
             The
             Soyl
             is
             Rich
             and
             Fertil
             ,
             naturally
             producing
             all
             such
             Commodities
             as
             are
             in
             the
             precedent
             discourse
             set
             down
             as
             peculiar
             to
             its
             neighbouring
             Colony
             ,
             Virginia
             ;
             as
             all
             sorts
             of
             Beasts
             and
             Fowle
             both
             Tame
             and
             Wild
             ;
             
             
               Fish
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
               Plants
               ,
               Roots
               ,
               Herbs
               ,
               Gums
               ,
               Trees
               ,
               Balsomes
               ,
            
             &c.
             as
             likewise
             all
             Commodities
             produced
             by
             Industry
             ,
             are
             here
             found
             in
             as
             great
             plenty
             and
             perfection
             :
             But
             the
             general
             trade
             of
             Maryland
             depends
             chiefly
             upon
             Tobacco
             ,
             which
             being
             esteemed
             better
             for
             a
             Forreign
             Market
             than
             that
             of
             Virginia
             ,
             finds
             great
             Vent
             abroad
             ,
             and
             the
             Planters
             at
             home
             ;
             in
             exchange
             thereof
             ,
             are
             furnished
             by
             the
             Merchant
             with
             all
             necessaries
             ,
             for
             himself
             ,
             his
             
               House
               ,
               Family
            
             ,
             and
             Plantation
             .
          
           
           
             Their
             is
             a
             Competent
             stock
             of
             ready
             mony
             in
             this
             Province
             both
             of
             English
             ,
             
             Forreign
             ,
             and
             his
             Lordshipps
             own
             Coyne
             ,
             yet
             their
             chief
             way
             of
             Commerce
             is
             by
             way
             of
             barter
             ,
             or
             exchange
             of
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             may
             be
             judged
             to
             be
             no
             wayes
             inconsiderable
             ,
             since
             100
             sail
             of
             Ships
             from
             England
             ,
             and
             the
             English
             Plantations
             ,
             have
             of
             late
             Yeares
             been
             known
             to
             trade
             thither
             in
             one
             Year
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Natives
             .
          
           
             The
             Natives
             ,
             as
             to
             their
             
               Complexion
               ,
               Stature
               ,
               Customes
               ,
               Dispositions
               ,
               Laws
               ,
               Religions
               ,
               Apparel
               ,
               Dyet
               ,
               Houses
               ,
            
             &c.
             are
             much
             the
             same
             as
             those
             of
             Virginia
             ,
             already
             treated
             of
             ;
             being
             likewise
             many
             different
             Tribes
             ,
             or
             sorts
             of
             People
             ,
             and
             each
             Govern'd
             by
             their
             particular
             King.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Government
             ,
             &c.
             of
             this
             Countrey
             .
          
           
             This
             Province
             of
             Maryland
             ,
             his
             Majesty
             King
             Charles
             the
             first
             in
             Anno
             1632
             ,
             granted
             by
             Patent
             to
             the
             Right
             Honourable
             
               Caecilius
               Calvert
            
             ,
             Lord
             Baltemore
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             Heires
             and
             Assignes
             ;
             and
             by
             that
             Patent
             created
             him
             ,
             and
             them
             ,
             the
             true
             and
             absolute
             Lords
             and
             Propriators
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             (
             saving
             the
             Allegiance
             and
             Soveraigne
             Dominion
             due
             to
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             
             his
             Heirs
             ,
             and
             
               Successours
               ;
            
             )
             thereby
             likewise
             granting
             to
             them
             all
             
               Royal
               Jurisdictions
            
             ,
             and
             Prerogatives
             both
             Millitary
             and
             Civil
             ;
             as
             power
             of
             enacting
             
               Laws
               ,
               Martial
               Laws
            
             ,
             making
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             
               Peace
               ,
               pardoning
            
             of
             Offences
             ,
             Conferring
             of
             
               Honours
               ,
               Coyning
            
             
             of
             Money
             ,
             &c.
             
             And
             in
             acknowledgement
             thereof
             ,
             yeilding
             and
             and
             paying
             yearly
             to
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             his
             Heires
             and
             Successors
             ,
             two
             
               Indian
               Arrows
            
             at
             
               Windsor
               Castle
            
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Berks
             ,
             on
             
               Easter
               Tuesday
            
             ;
             together
             with
             the
             fifth
             part
             of
             all
             the
             Gold
             and
             
               Silver
               Oare
            
             that
             shall
             be
             found
             there
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             better
             inviting
             of
             people
             to
             settle
             here
             ,
             his
             Lordship
             ,
             by
             advice
             of
             the
             General
             Assembly
             of
             that
             Province
             ,
             hath
             long
             since
             established
             a
             Model
             of
             good
             and
             wholsome
             Laws
             for
             the
             ease
             and
             benefit
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             with
             tolleration
             of
             Religion
             ,
             to
             all
             sorts
             that
             profess
             the
             Faith
             of
             Christ
             :
             which
             hath
             been
             a
             principal
             motive
             to
             many
             to
             settle
             under
             that
             Government
             ,
             rather
             then
             in
             another
             where
             liberty
             of
             Conscience
             was
             denyed
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             It
             s
             division
             into
             Countyes
             .
          
           
             This
             Province
             where
             it
             is
             peopled
             with
             English
             ,
             is
             severed
             into
             10
             Counties
             ;
             to
             wit
             ,
             5
             Eastwards
             of
             
               Chesopeak
               Bay
            
             ,
             
             as
             
               Cecil
               ,
               Dorchester
               ,
               Kent
               ,
               Sommerset
               ,
               and
               Talbot
            
             ;
             and
             5
             westwards
             of
             the
             said
             Bay
             ,
             as
             
               Ann-Arundel
               ,
               Baltemore
               ,
               Calvert
               ,
               Charles
            
             and
             St.
             Maries
             .
             And
             in
             every
             one
             of
             these
             Countyes
             ,
             there
             is
             held
             an
             inferiour
             Court
             every
             two
             months
             for
             small
             matters
             ,
             from
             which
             there
             lyeth
             Appeales
             to
             the
             
               Provincial
               Court
            
             ,
             held
             at
             St.
             Maryes
             .
             Here
             are
             likewise
             certain
             Magistrates
             appoynted
             by
             his
             Lordship
             in
             each
             County
             ,
             as
             
               Sheriffs
               ,
               Justices
            
             of
             the
             Peace
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Townes
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             (
             being
             in
             number
             at
             present
             about
             16000
             )
             have
             begun
             the
             building
             of
             several
             Townes
             ,
             which
             in
             few
             Yeares
             't
             is
             hoped
             may
             come
             to
             some
             perfection
             ;
             as
             
               Calverton
               ,
               Herrington
            
             ,
             and
             Harvy-Town
             ,
             all
             Commodiously
             seated
             for
             the
             benefit
             of
             Trade
             ,
             and
             conveniency
             of
             Shipping
             ,
             but
             the
             principal
             Town
             is
             
               St.
               Maryes
            
             ,
             
             seated
             on
             
               St.
               Georges
               River
            
             ,
             being
             beautified
             with
             divers
             well-built
             Houses
             ,
             and
             is
             the
             cheif
             place
             or
             scale
             of
             Trade
             for
             the
             Province
             ,
             where
             the
             Governour
             his
             Lordships
             Son
             and
             Heir
             ,
             Mr.
             
               Charles
               Calvert
            
             hath
             his
             House
             ,
             and
             where
             the
             
               General
               Assembly
            
             ,
             and
             
               Provincial
               Courts
            
             are
             held
             ,
             and
             
               Publique
               Offices
            
             
             kept
             ;
             but
             at
             present
             the
             said
             Governour
             doth
             reside
             at
             Mattapany
             ,
             about
             8
             Miles
             distant
             where
             he
             hath
             a
             fair
             and
             pleasant
             House
             .
             And
             for
             the
             better
             assisting
             the
             said
             Governour
             ,
             in
             matters
             that
             concerns
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Province
             ,
             he
             hath
             his
             Council
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           New-YORK
           .
        
         
           ADjoyning
           to
           Mary-Land
           ,
           Northwards
           ,
           is
           a
           Colony
           called
           New-York
           ,
           from
           his
           
             Royal
             Highness
          
           the
           Duke
           of
           York
           ,
           the
           Proprietor
           thereof
           by
           grant
           from
           his
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           is
           that
           part
           of
           New-England
           which
           the
           Dutch
           formerly
           seized
           ,
           and
           called
           the
           New
           -
           Netherlands
           .
        
         
           
           
             It
             s
             Fertility
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             a
             Countrey
             ,
             of
             a
             Rich
             and
             Fertile
             Soyl
             ,
             
             well
             watered
             with
             Rivers
             ,
             as
             is
             Mary-Land
             already
             spoken
             of
             ,
             and
             is
             found
             to
             produce
             the
             same
             
               Beasts
               ,
               Birds
               ,
               Fish
               ,
               Fruits
               ,
               Commodities
               ,
               Trees
               ,
            
             &c.
             and
             in
             as
             great
             plenty
             .
          
        
         
           
             It
             s
             Town
             .
          
           
             Here
             is
             one
             very
             considerable
             Town
             ,
             first
             built
             by
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             and
             called
             New-Amsterdam
             ,
             
             which
             name
             is
             now
             changed
             to
             New-York
             :
             It
             is
             well
             seated
             both
             for
             
               Trade
               ,
               Security
            
             ,
             and
             Pleasure
             ,
             in
             a
             small
             Isle
             called
             Mahatan
             ,
             reguarding
             the
             Sea
             ,
             made
             so
             by
             Hudsons-River
             ,
             which
             severeth
             it
             from
             Long-Island
             ,
             which
             said
             River
             is
             very
             
             commodious
             for
             Shipping
             ,
             and
             is
             about
             two
             Leagues
             broad
             .
             The
             Town
             is
             large
             ,
             containing
             about
             five
             hundred
             well-built
             Houses
             ;
             and
             for
             Civil
             Government
             ,
             it
             hath
             a
             
               Mayor
               ,
               Alderman
            
             ,
             a
             Sheriff
             ,
             and
             Justices
             of
             the
             Peace
             for
             their
             Magistrates
             .
             For
             the
             further
             security
             of
             this
             Town
             ,
             here
             is
             raised
             a
             Fort
             called
             James-Fort
             ,
             which
             is
             very
             strong
             ,
             and
             well
             Defended
             and
             Maintained
             with
             Men
             ,
             and
             Ammunition
             .
             The
             Town
             is
             Inhabited
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             and
             Dutch
             ,
             and
             hath
             a
             considerable
             Trade
             with
             the
             Indians
             ,
             for
             the
             Skins
             of
             
               Elks
               ,
               Deer
               ,
               Bears
            
             ,
             &c.
             also
             for
             those
             of
             
               Bever
               ,
               Otter
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Furrs
             ;
             and
             doth
             likewise
             enjoy
             a
             good
             Trade
             with
             the
             English
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Natives
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             is
             also
             possessed
             with
             sundry
             sorts
             of
             people
             ,
             not
             much
             unlike
             the
             Indians
             of
             Virginia
             ,
             being
             well
             -
             
               proportioned
               ,
               Stout
               ,
               Swarthy
               ,
               Black
               haired
               ,
            
             very
             expert
             in
             their
             Bow
             ,
             and
             Arrows
             ,
             which
             are
             their
             chief
             weapons
             of
             War.
             
             They
             are
             courteous
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             of
             a
             ready
             Witt
             ,
             and
             very
             apt
             to
             receive
             Instructions
             from
             them
             ;
             upon
             the
             least
             Offence
             ,
             the
             man
             turneth
             away
             his
             wife
             ,
             and
             marrieth
             again
             ,
             and
             the
             Children
             begotten
             by
             her
             ,
             she
             taketh
             with
             her
             ,
             the
             man
             not
             regarding
             them
             .
             Fornication
             is
             here
             permitted
             .
             They
             observe
             several
             Ceremonies
             in
             their
             
               Religious
               Rites
            
             ,
             and
             are
             said
             to
             worship
             the
             Devil
             ,
             whom
             they
             greatly
             fear
             .
             Their
             Priests
             are
             
             no
             better
             than
             Sorcerers
             ,
             who
             strangly
             bewitch
             these
             silly
             Creatures
             .
             When
             any
             woman
             findeth
             her self
             quick
             with
             Child
             ,
             she
             keepeth
             her self
             chast
             ,
             or
             untouched
             by
             man
             until
             her
             delivery
             ,
             the
             like
             she
             observeth
             in
             the
             time
             of
             her
             giving
             Suck
             .
             A
             strange
             custom
             which
             our
             
               European
               Dames
            
             would
             not
             well
             like
             of
             !
             They
             are
             very
             obedient
             and
             loving
             to
             their
             Kings
             :
             They
             believe
             the
             Transmigration
             of
             the
             Soul
             ;
             and
             concerning
             the
             Creation
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             have
             a
             strange
             fantastical
             opinions
             .
             They
             are
             much
             addicted
             to
             
               Dancing
               ,
               Sports
            
             ,
             and
             Recreations
             ,
             observing
             
               Festival
               Times
            
             .
          
           
             Their
             Habit
             is
             but
             mean
             ,
             
             as
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Indians
             ,
             yet
             do
             they
             Paint
             and
             besmear
             their
             Faces
             with
             several
             Colours
             by
             way
             of
             Ornament
             .
          
           
           
             There
             Dyet
             and
             Habitations
             are
             also
             as
             mean.
             
          
           
             They
             are
             much
             addicted
             to
             go
             to
             Wars
             against
             one
             another
             ,
             and
             do
             seldome
             give
             quarter
             to
             any
             but
             the
             Women
             and
             Children
             ,
             whom
             they
             preserve
             ,
             and
             make
             use
             of
             for
             the
             encreasing
             their
             strength
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           New-ENGLAND
           .
        
         
           
             It
             s
             Situation
             .
          
           
             
               NEw
               England
            
             is
             seated
             North
             of
             Maryland
             ,
             which
             according
             to
             the
             report
             of
             Capt.
             Smith
             ,
             hath
             70
             miles
             of
             
               Sea
               Coast
            
             ,
             where
             are
             found
             divers
             good
             Havens
             ,
             some
             of
             which
             are
             capable
             to
             harbour
             500
             Saile
             of
             Shipps
             from
             the
             fury
             the
             of
             Sea
             ,
             and
             Winds
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             
             interposition
             of
             several
             Isles
             (
             to
             the
             number
             of
             about
             200
             )
             which
             lie
             about
             this
             Coast
             .
          
           
             And
             although
             this
             Countrey
             is
             seated
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             
               Temperate
               Zone
            
             ,
             
             yet
             is
             the
             Clime
             more
             uncertain
             ,
             as
             to
             Heat
             and
             Cold
             ,
             then
             those
             
               European
               Kingdomes
            
             ,
             which
             lie
             Parallel
             with
             it
             ;
             and
             as
             to
             Virginia
             ,
             this
             may
             be
             compared
             as
             Scotland
             is
             to
             England
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Aire
             .
          
           
             The
             Aire
             is
             here
             found
             very
             healthful
             ,
             
             and
             very
             agreeable
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             possess
             many
             potent
             Colonyes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Its
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             is
             possessed
             by
             
             divers
             sorts
             of
             People
             ,
             
             who
             are
             Governed
             by
             their
             particular
             Kings
             ,
             and
             do
             much
             differ
             in
             Customes
             ,
             and
             Manners
             ,
             from
             one
             another
             ,
             as
             those
             Indians
             inhabiting
             in
             
               Mary-Land
               ,
               Virginia
            
             ,
             and
             other
             parts
             of
             America
             .
             And
             do
             live
             generally
             at
             variance
             with
             each
             other
             .
             They
             have
             their
             several
             Townes
             and
             settlements
             ,
             and
             their
             Riches
             doth
             consist
             in
             their
             Furs
             ,
             and
             Skins
             ,
             which
             they
             sell
             to
             the
             English
             .
          
        
         
           
             When
             first
             inhabited
             by
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             became
             first
             to
             be
             a
             Colony
             of
             the
             English
             about
             the
             Year
             1605
             ,
             being
             granted
             by
             Patent
             from
             
               King
               James
            
             ,
             to
             certain
             proprietors
             under
             the
             name
             of
             the
             
               Plymouth
               Company
            
             ;
             but
             divers
             years
             were
             spun
             out
             ,
             with
             great
             
             expences
             ,
             and
             not
             without
             sundry
             casualties
             befalling
             on
             the
             Adventurers
             ,
             before
             it
             became
             any
             thing
             considerable
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             setled
             condition
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             Fish
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             
               is
               well
               watered
               with
            
             Rivers
             ,
             
               the
               chief
               amongst
               which
               ,
               are
            
             Agamentico
             ,
             Conectecut
             ,
             Kinebequy
             ,
             Merrimeck
             ,
             Mishuin
             ,
             Mistick
             ,
             Neraganset
             ,
             Pascataway
             ,
             Pemnaquid
             ,
             Tachobacco
             ,
             
               &c.
               and
               in
               these
            
             Rivers
             ,
             
               together
               with
               the
            
             Sea
             ,
             
             
               are
               taken
               excellent
            
             Fish
             ,
             as
             Cod
             ,
             Thornback
             ,
             Sturgeon
             ,
             Porpuses
             ,
             Haddock
             ,
             Salmons
             ,
             Herrings
             ,
             Mackeril
             ,
             Oysters
             ,
             Lobsters
             ,
             Crab-Fish
             ,
             Tortoise
             ,
             Cocles
             ,
             Muscles
             ,
             Clams
             ,
             Smelts
             ,
             Eels
             ,
             Lamprons
             ,
             Alewives
             ,
             Basses
             ,
             Hollibuts
             ,
             Sharks
             ,
             Seales
             ,
             Grampus
             ,
             and
             Whales
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Their
             Fowles
             ,
             and
             Birds
             .
          
           
             
               Here
               are
               great
               variety
               of
               Fowls
               ,
               as
            
             Phesants
             ,
             Partridges
             ,
             Heath-Cocks
             ,
             Turkeys
             ,
             Geess
             ,
             Ducks
             ,
             Hernes
             ,
             Cranes
             ,
             Cormorants
             ,
             Swans
             ,
             Widgins
             ,
             Sheldrakes
             ,
             Snipes
             ,
             Doppers
             ,
             Blackbirds
             ,
             the
             Humbird
             ,
             Loon
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Beasts
             ,
             both
             Tame
             and
             Wild.
             
          
           
             Their
             Wild
             Beasts
             
               of
               chief
               note
               ,
               are
            
             Lyons
             ,
             Beares
             ,
             Foxes
             ,
             Rackoons
             ,
             Mooses
             ,
             Musquashs
             ,
             Otters
             ,
             Bevers
             ,
             Deer
             ,
             Hares
             ,
             Coneys
             ,
             
               &c.
               and
               for
            
             Tame
             Beasts
             ,
             Cowes
             ,
             Sheep
             ,
             Goates
             ,
             Swine
             ,
             and
             Horses
             .
          
           
             Amongst
             the
             hurtful
             things
             in
             this
             Countrey
             ,
             
             the
             Rattle-Snake
             is
             most
             dangerous
             .
             Here
             are
             also
             several
             
             sorts
             of
             Stinging
             Flyes
             ;
             which
             are
             found
             very
             troublesome
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Trees
             ,
             and
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             
               Here
               are
               sundry
               sorts
               of
            
             Trees
             ,
             
             
               as
               the
            
             Oak
             ,
             Cyprus
             ,
             Pine
             ,
             Chesnut
             ,
             Caedar
             ,
             Walnut
             ,
             Firr
             ,
             Ash
             ,
             Asp
             ,
             Elm
             ,
             Alder
             ,
             Maple
             ,
             Birch
             ,
             Sasafras
             ,
             Sumach
             ,
             several
             Fruit-Trees
             ,
             as
             Apples
             ,
             Pears
             ,
             Plumbs
             ,
             
               with
               several
               others
               that
               are
               growing
               in
            
             Virginia
             ,
             and
             Mary-land
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             already
             took
             notice
             of
             .
          
        
         
           
             Their
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             Trade
             .
          
           
             This
             Countrey
             affordeth
             several
             sorts
             of
             rich
             Furrs
             ,
             
             
               Flax
               ,
               Linnen
               ,
               Amber
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               Pitch
               ,
               Tarr
               ,
               Cables
               ,
               Masts
               ,
            
             and
             Timber
             to
             build
             Ships
             ,
             also
             several
             sorts
             of
             Grain
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             drive
             a
             considerable
             Trade
             to
             Barbadoes
             ,
             and
             other
             our
             
               American
               Plantations
            
             ,
             in
             supplying
             them
             with
             
               Flower
               ,
               Bisket
               ,
               Salt
               ,
               Flesh
               ,
            
             and
             Fish
             ,
             &c.
             and
             in
             return
             bring
             Sugars
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             their
             own
             use
             ,
             as
             to
             sell
             again
             .
             They
             also
             drive
             a
             considerable
             Trade
             with
             England
             for
             
               wearing
               Apparrel
               ,
               Stuffs
               ,
               Silks
               ,
               Cloth
               ,
            
             several
             Utensils
             for
             their
             
               Houses
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               Brass
            
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             things
             that
             are
             useful
             to
             man
             and
             not
             found
             amongst
             them
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             
               Coyns
               ,
               Weights
            
             ,
             and
             Measures
             of
             New-England
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             
               American
               Plantations
            
             belonging
             to
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             they
             are
             the
             same
             with
             those
             of
             London
             ,
             but
             as
             to
             Coyns
             ,
             they
             are
             not
             much
             made
             use
             of
             in
             Trade
             ,
             their
             way
             being
             bartering
             of
             one
             Commodity
             
             for
             another
             ;
             but
             at
             Jamaica
             they
             have
             plenty
             of
             
               Spanish
               Coins
            
             ,
             and
             at
             Barbadoes
             those
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             now
             Inhabiting
             in
             New-England
             ,
             are
             very
             numerous
             ,
             and
             powerful
             ,
             having
             a
             great
             many
             Towns
             ,
             many
             of
             which
             are
             considerable
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             English
             Government
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             are
             Governed
             by
             Laws
             of
             their
             own
             making
             ,
             
             and
             have
             their
             several
             Courts
             ,
             and
             places
             of
             Judicature
             ,
             and
             assemble
             together
             ,
             at
             their
             set
             times
             ,
             and
             places
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             the
             making
             of
             New
             Lawes
             ,
             abolishing
             of
             Old
             ,
             Hearing
             ,
             and
             Determining
             of
             Causes
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             Election
             of
             a
             
               Governour
               ,
               Deputy-Governour
               ,
               Assistants
               ,
               Burgesses
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Magistrates
             ,
             (
             every
             Town
             having
             two
             Burgesses
             )
             each
             County
             Annually
             
             Electing
             such
             like
             Officers
             ,
             for
             the
             looking
             after
             the
             like
             Affairs
             in
             the
             said
             Colony
             .
             And
             in
             matters
             that
             concern
             Religion
             ,
             and
             Church-Government
             ,
             they
             are
             very
             strict
             and
             make
             a
             great
             shew
             ,
             being
             much
             of
             the
             stamp
             of
             the
             Ridgid
             Presbyterians
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Towns.
             
          
           
             Here
             are
             several
             Towns
             ,
             
             as
             Boston
             ,
             the
             Metropolis
             of
             New-England
             ,
             Commodiously
             seated
             for
             Traffique
             on
             the
             Sea-Shore
             ;
             It
             is
             at
             present
             a
             very
             large
             and
             spacious
             Town
             ,
             or
             rather
             City
             ,
             composed
             of
             several
             well-ordered
             Streets
             ,
             and
             graced
             with
             fair
             and
             beautiful
             Houses
             ,
             which
             are
             well
             Inhabited
             by
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             Trades-men
             ,
             who
             drive
             a
             considerable
             Trade
             for
             such
             Commodities
             as
             the
             Countrey
             afforeth
             
             to
             Barbadoes
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             
               Caribbee
               Isles
            
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             England
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ;
             taking
             in
             exchange
             such
             Commodities
             as
             each
             place
             affordeth
             ,
             or
             are
             found
             useful
             to
             them
             .
             It
             is
             a
             place
             of
             a
             good
             strength
             ,
             having
             two
             or
             three
             Hills
             adjoyning
             ,
             on
             which
             are
             raised
             Fortifications
             ,
             with
             great
             Peices
             mounted
             thereon
             ,
             which
             are
             well
             guarded
             .
          
           
             Charles-Town
             ,
             
             seated
             on
             and
             between
             the
             Rivers
             Charles
             and
             Mistick
             ;
             it
             is
             beautified
             with
             a
             large
             and
             well-built
             Church
             ,
             and
             near
             the
             River
             side
             is
             the
             Market-place
             ,
             from
             which
             runneth
             two
             Streets
             ,
             in
             which
             are
             divers
             good
             Houses
             .
          
           
             Dorchester
             scituate
             near
             the
             Sea
             ,
             
             where
             there
             falleth
             in
             two
             Rivulets
             .
             An
             indifferent
             Town
             .
          
           
             Cambridg
             ,
             
             formerly
             New-Town
             seated
             on
             the
             River
             Merrimeck
             :
             this
             Town
             consisteth
             of
             several
             
             Streets
             ,
             and
             is
             beautified
             with
             two
             Colledges
             ,
             and
             divers
             fair
             ,
             and
             well
             built
             Houses
             .
          
           
             St.
             Georges-Fort
             ,
             
             seated
             on
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Sagadebock
             .
          
           
             New-Plimouth
             ,
             seated
             on
             that
             large
             Bay
             of
             Potuxed
             .
          
           
             Reading
             ,
             
             commodiously
             seated
             about
             a
             great
             Pond
             ,
             and
             well-watered
             ,
             and
             Inhabited
             .
             In
             this
             Town
             are
             two
             Mills
             ,
             one
             for
             Corn
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             for
             Timber
             .
          
           
             Salem
             ,
             
             pleasantly
             seated
             betwixt
             two
             Rivers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Other
             Towns
             placed
             Alphabetically
             .
          
           
             Berwick
             ,
             Braintree
             ,
             Bristol
             ,
             Concord
             ,
             Dartmouth
             ,
             Dedham
             ,
             Dover
             ,
             Exeter
             ,
             Falmouth
             ,
             Glocester
             ,
             Greens-Harbour
             ,
             Hampton
             ,
             Hartford
             ,
             Haverhil
             ,
             Hingham
             ,
             Hull
             ,
             Ipswich
             ,
             
             Lin
             ,
             Maulden
             ,
             New-bury
             ,
             New-Havon
             ,
             Northam
             ,
             Norwich
             ,
             Oxford
             ,
             Rowley
             ,
             Roxbury
             ,
             Salisbury
             ,
             Sandwich
             ,
             Southampton
             ,
             Spring-field
             ,
             Sudbury
             ,
             Taunton
             ,
             Water-Town
             ,
             Wenham
             ,
             Weymouth
             ,
             Woburne
             ,
             and
             Yarmouth
             .
          
           
             Most
             of
             these
             Towns
             beareth
             the
             names
             from
             those
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             them
             are
             of
             good
             account
             ,
             being
             commodiously
             seated
             ,
             either
             on
             the
             Sea-Shore
             ,
             or
             on
             Navigable
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             are
             well
             Inhabited
             .
             And
             most
             of
             those
             Towns
             are
             known
             to
             the
             Indians
             by
             other
             Names
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DESCRIPTION
           OF
           NEW-FOVND-LAND
           .
        
         
           NEwfoundland
           is
           an
           Island
           in
           Extent
           equal
           to
           England
           ,
           
           from
           whence
           it
           is
           distant
           little
           above
           600
           Leagues
           ,
           lying
           near
           half
           way
           between
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           Virginia
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           scituated
           betwixt
           the
           degrees
           of
           46
           ,
           and
           53
           of
           Northern
           Latitudes
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           only
           severed
           from
           the
           Continent
           of
           America
           ,
           by
           
           an
           Arm
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           like
           that
           which
           separates
           England
           from
           France
           .
        
         
           
             Its
             Bays
             ,
             Rivers
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Fowl
             ,
             Beasts
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             Famous
             for
             many
             spacious
             and
             excellent
             Bayes
             ,
             
             and
             Harbours
             ,
             and
             within
             the
             Land
             for
             the
             variety
             of
             Fresh
             Springs
             ,
             whose
             waters
             are
             exceeding
             delicious
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             enriched
             by
             nature
             ,
             
             with
             plenty
             of
             
               Fish
               ,
               Land
            
             ,
             and
             Water-Fowl
             ,
             and
             sufficiently
             stockt
             with
             
               Deer
               ,
               Hares
               ,
               Otters
               ,
               Foxes
               ,
               Squirils
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Beasts
             which
             yield
             good
             Furrs
             :
             And
             though
             not
             over-run
             generally
             with
             Woods
             ,
             it
             doth
             afford
             (
             besides
             store
             of
             Fewel
             )
             abundance
             of
             stately
             Trees
             ,
             
             fit
             for
             
               Timber
               ,
               Masts
               ,
               Planks
            
             ,
             and
             sundry
             other
             uses
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             soile
             and
             Climate
             .
          
           
             The
             Soile
             in
             most
             places
             is
             reputed
             fertile
             ;
             the
             Climate
             wholsome
             ,
             though
             the
             rigour
             of
             the
             winter
             season
             ,
             and
             the
             excess
             of
             Heats
             in
             Summer
             ,
             doth
             detract
             something
             from
             its
             due
             praise
             .
          
        
         
           
             How
             Inhabited
             .
          
           
             The
             North
             and
             West
             part
             of
             this
             Countrey
             the
             Native-Indians
             Inhabit
             ,
             
             though
             but
             few
             in
             number
             ,
             and
             those
             a
             more
             rude
             and
             savage
             sort
             of
             People
             then
             those
             of
             New-England
             and
             other
             places
             in
             the
             adjacent
             Contenent
             ,
             already
             taken
             notice
             of
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             New-found-Land
             first
             discovered
             by
             the
             English
             .
          
           
             The
             Island
             ,
             
             of
             
               New-found
               Land
            
             was
             first
             discovered
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             who
             are
             the
             true
             Propriators
             thereof
             ,
             excluding
             all
             Forreigne
             right
             ,
             and
             justifying
             the
             same
             to
             belong
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             only
             ,
             whose
             Interest
             hath
             been
             there
             continued
             by
             several
             ,
             under
             the
             Reigns
             of
             divers
             Kings
             &
             Queens
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             year
             1623
             ,
             
             Sir
             
               George
               Calvert
            
             Knight
             ,
             then
             
               Principal
               Secretary
            
             of
             State
             and
             afterwards
             Ld.
             Baltemore
             ,
             obtained
             a
             Patent
             of
             part
             of
             New-found-land
             ;
             which
             was
             erected
             into
             a
             Province
             ,
             and
             called
             Avalon
             ;
             where
             he
             caused
             a
             Plantation
             to
             be
             setled
             ,
             and
             a
             stately
             House
             and
             Fort
             to
             be
             built
             at
             Ferryland
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             Transported
             himself
             
             and
             Family
             thither
             ,
             and
             continuing
             the
             Plantation
             by
             his
             Deputy
             ,
             till
             by
             descent
             (
             after
             his
             Lordships
             decease
             )
             it
             came
             to
             his
             son
             and
             heir
             the
             Right
             Honorable
             Caecilius
             ,
             now
             Lord
             Baltemore
             ,
             who
             by
             Deputies
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             was
             no
             less
             careful
             to
             preserve
             his
             Interest
             there
             ,
             which
             (
             though
             during
             the
             late
             troubles
             in
             England
             ,
             it
             was
             by
             Sir
             
               David
               Kirkes
            
             means
             ,
             for
             some
             years
             discontinued
             ,
             he
             was
             soon
             reinvested
             in
             the
             same
             by
             his
             Majesties
             most
             happy
             Restauration
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             no
             part
             of
             New-found-land
             generally
             more
             happy
             for
             multiplicity
             of
             excellent
             Bayes
             ,
             and
             Harbours
             ,
             then
             this
             Province
             ,
             and
             where
             vast
             quantities
             of
             Fish
             are
             yearly
             caught
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             especially
             at
             Ferryland
             ,
             and
             the
             Bay
             of
             Bulls
             .
             But
             the
             whole
             Coast
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             affords
             infinite
             plenty
             of
             
             Codd
             ,
             and
             Poor-John
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             chief
             Commodity
             of
             the
             Isle
             ,
             which
             is
             grown
             to
             a
             setled
             Trade
             ,
             for
             these
             many
             years
             ,
             to
             the
             enrichment
             of
             all
             those
             that
             Trade
             thither
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             great
             bank
             of
             Land.
             
          
           
             East
             of
             Newfoundland
             ,
             
             over
             against
             Cape-Ray
             ,
             at
             the
             distance
             of
             about
             70
             miles
             ,
             lyeth
             a
             great
             Bank
             of
             Land
             ,
             of
             about
             300
             miles
             in
             Length
             ,
             and
             not
             above
             Seventy-five
             in
             Breadth
             ,
             where
             broadest
             .
             It
             lyes
             under
             the
             Sea
             many
             Fathoms
             deep
             ,
             so
             the
             Ships
             of
             a
             considerable
             Burthen
             may
             ride
             over
             it
             :
             and
             about
             this
             Banck
             lyes
             dispersed
             several
             small
             Isles
             ,
             called
             by
             St.
             
               Sebastion
               Cabot
            
             (
             the
             first
             discoverer
             )
             
               Los
               Baccaloos
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Isles
             of
             Cod-fish
             ,
             from
             the
             prodigious
             quantities
             of
             Cod-Fish
             there
             
             found
             ,
             which
             were
             said
             to
             obstruct
             ●he
             passage
             of
             his
             Vessels
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Trade
             to
             this
             Island
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             ,
             
             
               Dutch
               ,
               Biscaners
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Nations
             that
             yearely
             Trade
             hither
             amounting
             to
             between
             3
             or
             400
             Vessels
             ,
             are
             assured
             to
             find
             sufficient
             Freight
             of
             Cod
             and
             
               Poor
               John
            
             ,
             which
             they
             find
             good
             vent
             for
             in
             the
             
               Streights
               ,
               Spaine
               ,
               France
            
             -
             and
             other
             Countreys
             to
             their
             great
             profit
             and
             encouragement
             .
          
           
             And
             were
             the
             English
             diligent
             to
             inspect
             the
             advantage
             that
             might
             accrue
             to
             this
             Nation
             ,
             by
             settling
             Plantations
             on
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             raising
             Fortifications
             ,
             for
             the
             security
             of
             the
             place
             ;
             we
             might
             give
             Law
             to
             all
             forreigners
             that
             come
             to
             Fish
             there
             ,
             and
             in
             few
             
             Years
             engross
             the
             whole
             Fishery
             to
             our selves
             :
             the
             greatest
             Ballance
             perchance
             of
             
               Forraigne
               Trade
            
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
           
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28392-e830
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Form
             Extent
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Soyl
             ,
             and
             Fertility
             .
          
           
             Savanas
             ,
             formerly
             Fields
             of
             Indian
             Maiz.
             
          
           
             The
             Air
             &
             Temperature
             
          
           
             Huricanes
             not
             in
             this
             Isle
             .
          
           
             The
             Winter
             known
             only
             by
             Rain
             and
             Thunder
             
          
           
             Dayes
             ,
             &
             Nights
             almost
             equal
             .
          
           
             Sugars
             .
          
           
             Cocao
             .
          
           
             Indico
             
          
           
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             Tobacco
             .
          
           
             Hydes
             
          
           
             Tortoise
             Shells
             .
          
           
             Curious
             Woods
             .
          
           
             Copper
             .
          
           
             Silver
             .
          
           
             Ambergreece
             .
          
           
             Salt.
             
          
           
             Saltpeter
             .
          
           
             Ginger
             .
          
           
             Cod-Peper
             .
          
           
             Piemente
             .
          
           
             Druggs
             .
          
           
             Gumms
             .
          
           
             Cochaneil
             .
          
           
             Of
             Servants
             .
          
           
             Horses
             .
          
           
             Cowes
             .
          
           
             Asnegroes
             .
             Mules
             .
          
           
             Sheep
             :
          
           
             Goats
             .
          
           
             Hoggs
             .
          
           
             Excellent
             Fish
             in
             great
             plenty
             .
          
           
             Tortoise
             .
          
           
             great
             variety
             of
             Tame
             &
             Wild
             Fowl.
             
          
           
             Excellent
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Herbs
             &
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Jamaica
             very
             healthful
             .
          
           
             Diseases
             strangers
             are
             most
             subject
             unto
             .
          
           
             Manchonele
             .
          
           
             Snakes
             ,
             Guianas
             .
          
           
             Alligators
             .
          
           
             Muskettoes
             .
          
           
             Merry-wings
             .
          
           
             Port-Royal
             .
          
           
             Port-Morant
             .
          
           
             Old
             Harbour
             .
          
           
             Point-Negrill
             .
          
           
             Port-Antonio
             .
          
           
             Other
             good
             bayes
             &
             Harbors
             .
          
           
             St.
             Jago
             .
          
           
             Sevilla
             .
          
           
             Mellila
             .
          
           
             Orista
             .
          
           
             14
             Precincts
             or
             Parishes
             in
             the
             Isle
             .
          
           
             Sre
             the
             Mapp
             .
          
           
             The
             Names
             of
             the
             Precincts
             or
             Parishes
             in
             the
             Isle
             .
          
           
             Their
             Lawes
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             First
             settlement
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             inclined
             to
             Idleness
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Consideration
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             Imported
             ,
             and
             its
             Trade
             
          
           
             4
             Consid
             
          
           
             5.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Consid
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             Consideration
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e13620
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Fertility
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Dayes
             &
             Nights
             almost
             equal
             .
          
           
             Temperature
             of
             Air.
             
          
           
             The
             Air
             moist
             .
          
           
             Their
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Their
             Fish
             .
          
           
             Their
             Beasts
             .
          
           
             Herbs
             ,
             &
             Roots
             .
          
           
             Birds
             and
             Fowles
             .
          
           
             Animals
             ,
             and
             Insects
             .
          
           
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Several
             Caves
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Division
             ,
             and
             Townes
             .
          
           
             St.
             Michaels
             .
          
           
             Litle
             Bristol
             .
          
           
             Charles-Town
             .
          
           
             Other
             Places
             on
             the
             Sea-Coast
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             
          
           
             Negro-Slaves
             .
          
           
             Their
             Food
             .
          
           
             Their
             Drink
             .
          
           
             Their
             Apparel
             .
          
           
             Their
             Lodging
             .
          
           
             The
             Management
             of
             a
             Plantation
             .
          
           
             The
             Island
             very
             strong
             
          
           
             The
             Government
             of
             the
             Island
             .
          
           
             The
             Isle
             divided
             into
             four
             Circuits
             .
          
           
             The
             present
             Governour
             .
          
           
             See
             Mr.
             Ligons
             Book
             of
             Barbadoes
             page
             87.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e19740
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             It
             s
             Soyl
             ,
             and
             Commodities
             
          
           
             The
             Isle
             very
             delightful
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             pleasing
             Prospect
             .
          
           
             The
             Isle
             Possessed
             by
             the
             English
             ,
             &
             French
          
           
             Their
             Churches
             .
          
           
             A
             Town
             Possessed
             by
             the
             French
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e21060
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             Extent
             .
          
           
             A
             Spring
             of
             Mineral
             water
             ,
             and
             Baths
             .
          
           
             Their
             Churches
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e21550
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             Extent
             .
          
           
             The
             Number
             of
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             Fish
             .
          
           
             Fowl
             ,
             &
             Cattle
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e21970
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             Extent
             ,
             and
             Fertility
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e22160
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             ,
          
           
             Extent
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e22380
           
             It
             s
             Extent
             ,
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             Fertility
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e22580
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             ,
             extent
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e22710
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             ,
             Fertility
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e22840
           
             Their
             Scituation
             ,
             and
             Name
             .
          
           
             St.
             Georges
             Isle
             .
          
           
             Several
             good
             Ports
             :
          
           
             It
             s
             Fertility
             .
          
           
             Their
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Their
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Hoggs
             .
          
           
             Fowles
             .
          
           
             Defective
             in
             Fresh-water
             .
          
           
             Their
             Spiders
             .
          
           
             These
             Isles
             exceeding
             healthful
             
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             and
             strength
             of
             the
             Isle
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e24140
           
             Its
             Bounds
             ,
             and
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             This
             Country
             very
             healthful
             .
          
           
             Their
             Fruits
             ▪
             
          
           
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             Their
             Fowles
             .
          
           
             The
             Disposition
             ,
             &c.
             of
             the
             Natives
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Division
             into
             Kingdomes
             .
          
           
             The
             Proprieters
             of
             Carolina
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e26900
           
             Its
             Bounds
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Name
             and
             why
             so
             called
             .
          
           
             †
             Capt.
             Smith
             ,
             a
             great
             Promoter
             of
             the
             English
             setling
             at
             Virginia
             .
          
           
             Virginia
             nowvery
             healthful
             .
          
           
             The
             Soyl
             very
             Rich.
             
          
           
             Excellent
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Plenty
             of
             Roots
             ,
             &
             Herbs
             .
          
           
             Abundance
             of
             Fowle
             .
          
           
             Virginia
             well
             stored
             with
             Beasts
             ,
             &
             Tame
             Cattle
             .
          
           
             Variety
             of
             Fish
             ,
          
           
             The
             Product
             of
             the
             Country
             
          
           
             Their
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Several
             good
             Woods
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             chief
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             James
             Town
             .
          
           
             Elizabeth
             Town
             .
          
           
             Dales
             Gift
             .
          
           
             Virginia
             under
             a
             good
             Goverment
             .
          
           
             The
             Counties
             .
          
           
             Their
             Apparel
             
          
           
             Their
             Houses
             .
          
           
             Their
             Dyet
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e30290
           
             Chesopeak
             Bay.
             
          
           
             Its
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             The
             Country
             very
             healthful
             
          
           
             For
             the
             Beasts
             ,
             Fowl
             ,
             Fish
             ,
             Fruits
             ,
             &c.
             
             See
             in
             the
             Description
             of
             Virginia
             .
          
           
             Their
             Coyns
             ,
             &
             way
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Maryland
             well
             Governed
             .
          
           
             The
             Names
             of
             the
             Countries
             
          
           
             S.
             Maries
             Town
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e32170
           
             This
             Country
             very
             Fertile
             .
          
           
             New
             York
             
          
           
             The
             Disposition
             of
             the
             Natives
             .
          
           
             Their
             Habit
             &
             Dyet
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e33200
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             The
             Ayr.
             
          
           
             The
             Disposition
             of
             the
             Natives
             much
             like
             those
             of
             Virginia
             .
          
           
             Excellent
             Fish
             .
          
           
             Hurtfull
             things
             .
          
           
             Fruits
             .
          
           
             Commodities
             &
             Trade
             .
          
           
             The
             Government
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             New-England
             .
          
           
             Boston
             .
          
           
             Charles
             Town
             .
          
           
             Dorchester
             .
          
           
             Cambridg
             
          
           
             St.
             Georges
             Fort.
             
          
           
             Reading
             .
          
           
             Salem
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A28392-e35690
           
             It
             s
             Scituation
             .
          
           
             Its
             Bayes
             and
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             Fish
             ,
             Fowles
             ,
             Beasts
             ,
          
           
             Trees
             .
          
           
             Its
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             the
             true
             Proprieto●s
             of
             NewF●und-land
          
           
             The
             Ld.
             Baltemore
             the
             proprietor
             of
             Avalon
             in
             New-Found-Land
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             bank
             of
             Land.
             
          
           
             A
             great
             Trade
             here
             driven
             .