Severall considerations offered to the Parliament concerning the improvement of trade, navigation and comerce more especially the old draperies and other woolen manufactures of England / by G.C., a louer of his country.
         Carew, George, Esq.
      
       
         
           1675
        
      
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             Severall considerations offered to the Parliament concerning the improvement of trade, navigation and comerce more especially the old draperies and other woolen manufactures of England / by G.C., a louer of his country.
             Carew, George, Esq.
          
           [8] p.
           
             s.n.,
             [London :
             1675]
          
           
             Caption title.
             Attributed by Wing to George Carew.
             Dated on p. 8: April 13, 1675.
             Imprint suggested by Wing.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Wool industry -- England.
           Great Britain -- Commercial policy.
        
      
    
     
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           SEVERALL
           CONSIDERATIONS
           ,
           Offered
           to
           the
           Parliament
           concerning
           the
           improvement
           of
           Trade
           ,
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           Comerce
           ,
           more
           especially
           ,
           the
           old
           draperies
           and
           other
           woolen
           manufactures
           of
           England
           :
           by
           G.
           C.
           a
           Louer
           ,
           of
           his
           country
           .
        
         
           WHereas
           in
           former
           ages
           ,
           the
           subjects
           of
           England
           ,
           lived
           cheifely
           by
           pasturage
           and
           tillage
           ,
           they
           were
           necessitated
           ,
           to
           transport
           their
           wooles
           ,
           to
           bring
           in
           bullion
           ,
           and
           other
           comodities
           ,
           for
           their
           support
           ,
           and
           pleasures
           .
           But
           after
           the
           invention
           of
           gunns
           and
           gunpouder
           .
           Shipping
           ,
           &
           marriners
           ,
           inereasing
           soe
           much
           in
           forraigne
           parts
           (
           from
           the
           product
           of
           English
           woole
           )
           both
           in
           number
           and
           strenght
           ;
           England
           could
           not
           be
           defended
           any
           longer
           ,
           with
           bows
           and
           arrowes
           ,
           wherefore
           they
           slighted
           many
           old
           castles
           ,
           and
           trusted
           to
           new
           Shipps
           ,
           and
           even
           at
           last
           to
           thinke
           upon
           trade
           and
           comerce
           ,
           which
           proved
           the
           cheifest
           fortress
           ,
           and
           support
           
             of
             the
             King
             and
             Kingdome
          
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           dissolution
           of
           Monasteries
           and
           Abbies
           ,
           the
           people
           multiplying
           soe
           fast
           ,
           they
           setled
           severall
           Colonies
           ,
           and
           plantations
           in
           Asia
           and
           America
           ,
           finding
           noe
           roome
           at
           home
           ,
           for
           all
           yonger
           brothers
           to
           live
           ,
           and
           gett
           estates
           .
           Diverse
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           were
           naturally
           adicted
           to
           the
           warrs
           ,
           left
           the
           service
           of
           other
           Princes
           ,
           and
           States
           (
           where
           English
           men
           sell
           their
           skinns
           ,
           and
           spinn
           out
           their
           lives
           ,
           for
           
             brass
             stivers
             ,
             and
             sols
             marques
             )
          
           to
           seeke
           their
           fortunes
           in
           those
           Dominions
           ,
           that
           were
           added
           to
           the
           Crowne
           ,
           through
           the
           great
           charges
           and
           industry
           of
           severall
           well
           affected
           persons
           (
           to
           their
           
             King
             and
             Country
          
           )
           who
           since
           have
           not
           only
           lost
           their
           reall
           possessions
           ,
           but
           their
           originall
           costs
           ,
           by
           bad
           goverment
           ,
           and
           worse
           conducts
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           staple
           of
           woole
           was
           kept
           at
           
             Midleburgh
             ,
             
               in
               Richard
               the
               seconds
            
          
           time
           ,
           and
           at
           Callais
           ,
           in
           
             Edward
             the
             thirds
             time
          
           ,
           it
           was
           ordained
           ,
           that
           for
           every
           sack
           of
           woole
           ,
           which
           should
           be
           transported
           out
           of
           England
           ,
           there
           should
           be
           a
           competent
           quantity
           of
           silver
           bullion
           returned
           ,
           besides
           50
           s.
           a
           sack
           for
           custome
           outwards
           to
           
             the
             King.
          
           And
           to
           prevent
           all
           manner
           of
           fraudes
           in
           those
           days
           ,
           there
           were
           severall
           offices
           of
           the
           staple
           errected
           at
           
             West-minster
             ,
             New-castle
             ,
             Yorke
             ,
             Lincolne
             ,
             Canterbury
             ,
             Excester
             ,
             Bristoll
             ,
          
           and
           other
           places
           ,
           soe
           that
           ,
           a
           fleece
           of
           woole
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           exported
           ,
           without
           account
           to
           
             the
             King
          
           ,
           and
           a
           returne
           to
           the
           Kingdome
           .
           The
           tenth
           parte
           of
           all
           wooles
           being
           to
           come
           to
           the
           church
           ,
           their
           officers
           served
           the
           
             Crowne
             gratis
          
           ,
           for
           the
           benefitts
           they
           received
           of
           maintenance
           ,
           and
           protection
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           done
           ,
           now
           by
           Parochiall
           ,
           and
           Secular
           persons
           ,
           as
           was
           then
           by
           Regulars
           ,
           without
           any
           charge
           to
           the
           crowne
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           the
           Custome
           in
           England
           for
           the
           cheifest
           lords
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           to
           sitt
           upon
           woole
           packs
           ,
           to
           put
           them
           in
           minde
           of
           the
           naturall
           groweth
           of
           their
           estates
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           dependance
           of
           the
           Crowne
           ,
           and
           the
           comon
           wealth
           .
        
         
           A
           pack
           of
           English
           woole
           containing
           100.
           waight
           ,
           Exceeds
           in
           value
           a
           pack
           of
           the
           finest
           flax
           ,
           Goates
           haire
           ,
           or
           the
           finest
           filke
           ,
           of
           the
           same
           waight
           ,
           as
           farr
           as
           100.
           waight
           of
           English
           Tin
           ,
           or
           lead
           ,
           Exceeds
           100.
           waight
           of
           Hollands
           turfe
           ,
           digged
           out
           of
           their
           silver
           Mines
           .
           In
           regard
           English
           woole
           ,
           is
           of
           that
           absolute
           necessity
           to
           most
           nations
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           
           for
           warmth
           ,
           and
           cloathing
           ,
           when
           the
           other
           is
           for
           pleasure
           and
           delight
           .
           100.
           waight
           of
           fine
           flax
           ,
           mohaire
           ,
           or
           silke
           ,
           may
           sett
           as
           many
           people
           at
           worke
           ,
           as
           a
           pack
           of
           woole
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           not
           universally
           of
           the
           tenth
           parte
           ,
           for
           use
           of
           apparell
           ,
           or
           consumption
           .
           And
           the
           one
           being
           of
           English
           groweth
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           fforraigne
           ,
           the
           woole
           adds
           to
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           deminisheth
           .
        
         
           100.
           
           Pore
           men
           ,
           women
           ,
           and
           children
           ,
           are
           usually
           imployed
           ,
           and
           sett
           at
           worke
           by
           every
           100.
           waight
           of
           English
           woole
           (
           viz
           )
           
             Combers
             ,
             Spinners
             ,
             Reelers
             ,
             Weavors
             ,
             Kintters
             ,
             Dyers
             ,
             Cloathworkers
             ,
             Rowers
             ,
             Fullers
             ,
             Labourers
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           That
           consumes
           the
           graine
           and
           victualls
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           soe
           many
           people
           must
           stand
           stil
           ,
           begg●
           ,
           or
           starve
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           worke
           at
           home
           ,
           for
           every
           pack
           of
           woole
           that
           is
           transported
           f●om
           thence
           ,
           into
           
             France
             ,
             Flanders
          
           or
           Holland
           .
           Where
           there
           are
           great
           quantities
           of
           English
           ,
           Ir●●h
           ,
           and
           Scotch
           woole
           ,
           (
           
             Notwithstanding
             all
             the
             strikt
             laws
             to
             the
             contrary
             )
          
           Frequently
           carrie●
           over
           towards
           the
           manufacture
           of
           cloath
           ,
           stuffes
           ,
           stockings
           ,
           monmouth
           capps
           ,
           Tapistry
           ,
           Dornick
           hangings
           ,
           Ratines
           ,
           Bays
           ,
           Drugetts
           ,
           &c.
           
           Which
           canot
           be
           wrought
           alone
           with
           their
           short
           staple
           wooles
           .
        
         
           The
           
             Kings
             of
             France
          
           ,
           originally
           granted
           liberty
           ,
           and
           priviledges
           ,
           to
           all
           nations
           that
           would
           come
           ,
           and
           inhabite
           
             Flanders
             ,
             Brabant
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           Whereupon
           ,
           those
           great
           ,
           &
           populous
           Citties
           and
           townes
           ,
           were
           suddanly
           built
           by
           strangers
           ,
           of
           all
           arts
           and
           sciences
           .
           And
           many
           of
           their
           best
           Churches
           ,
           Monasteries
           ,
           and
           Abbies
           ,
           were
           founded
           ,
           and
           erected
           ,
           by
           
             Severall
             Kings
          
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           noble
           men
           in
           the
           Saxons
           time
           ;
           As
           the
           records
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           makes
           appeare
           ,
           Amongst
           which
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           very
           remarkable
           History
           .
           
             The
             Queene
             of
             France
          
           in
           her
           progress
           ,
           coming
           to
           vissit
           Brugis
           and
           Gant
           ,
           she
           found
           ,
           the
           people
           soe
           richly
           cloathed
           ,
           that
           she
           sayd
           she
           thought
           ,
           there
           had
           been
           but
           one
           
             Queene
             in
             France
          
           ,
           but
           there
           she
           found
           all
           the
           women
           Queens
           ,
           and
           wished
           she
           had
           been
           a
           Cloathiers
           wife
           also
           ,
           most
           of
           the
           inhabitants
           ,
           being
           Cloathiers
           ,
           Weavors
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           that
           lived
           upon
           the
           manufacture
           of
           English
           woole
           ,
           which
           soe
           increased
           their
           wealth
           ,
           and
           beauty
           ,
           to
           wonder
           ,
           and
           admiration
           .
        
         
           Afterwards
           by
           severall
           acts
           of
           Providence
           ,
           many
           thousand
           
             Weavors
             ,
             Felt
             makers
             ,
             Knitters
             ,
             and
             Spinners
             ,
          
           transported
           themselves
           for
           England
           ,
           when
           the
           great
           Councell
           of
           the
           land
           ,
           had
           prohibited
           the
           transportation
           of
           woole
           ,
           and
           incouraged
           the
           woolen
           manufactures
           at
           home
           .
           Then
           a
           Charter
           was
           granted
           to
           the
           Marchant
           adventurers
           ,
           who
           maintained
           severall
           persons
           ,
           in
           all
           the
           sea
           Port
           townes
           of
           
             England
             ,
             France
          
           and
           Flanders
           ,
           to
           make
           seizures
           ,
           and
           discoveries
           ,
           of
           all
           wooles
           ,
           and
           fullers
           Earth
           ,
           that
           should
           be
           conveyed
           out
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Dominions
           ,
           to
           fforraigne
           parts
           ;
           But
           since
           the
           Charter
           of
           the
           Company
           ,
           was
           broaken
           ,
           that
           trade
           is
           decayed
           ,
           and
           the
           old
           drapery
           o●
           England
           slighted
           ,
           in
           the
           
             Seaventeen
             Provinces
          
           ,
           through
           the
           great
           burthens
           ,
           new
           impositions
           ,
           and
           exations
           ,
           lately
           layd
           upon
           English
           manufactures
           ,
           whereby
           that
           Comerc●
           is
           neglected
           ,
           and
           interlopers
           exposing
           
             Cloath
             ,
             Kersies
          
           ,
           and
           Searges
           ,
           to
           contempt
           by
           thei●
           pedling
           ,
           &
           offering
           them
           ,
           to
           sale
           in
           comōn
           tavernes
           ,
           and
           tipling
           houses
           .
           Soe
           that
           th●
           staple
           comodities
           of
           England
           ,
           will
           at
           lenght
           be
           unregarded
           .
           Whereof
           I
           have
           spoken
           mor●
           at
           large
           ,
           in
           my
           remarkable
           passages
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           since
           the
           death
           of
           
             Quee●
             Elizebeth
             .
             And
             had
             prepared
             theise
             following
             considerations
             (
             during
             the
             lat●
             treaty
             with
             the
             States
             Generall
             )
             for
             opening
             the
             Scheld
             ,
             which
             I
             leav●
             to
             yover
             grave
             wisdomes
             ,
             and
             apprehensions
             ,
             upon
             all
             future
             events
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CONSIDERATIONS
           Of
           the
           Advantages
           ,
           which
           the
           
             King
             of
             great
             Brittaigne
          
           ,
           and
           his
           subjects
           ,
           may
           draw
           by
           the
           opening
           of
           the
           navigation
           ,
           in
           the
           River
           of
           the
           Scheld
           ,
           to
           the
           citty
           of
           Antwerpe
           .
        
         
           THere
           is
           nothing
           of
           more
           importance
           to
           the
           united
           Provinces
           ,
           then
           navigation
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           doe
           not
           only
           subsist
           ,
           but
           are
           inriched
           ,
           and
           render
           themselves
           formidable
           to
           all
           the
           Princes
           ,
           and
           Potentates
           of
           Europe
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           all
           their
           neighbours
           ,
           and
           their
           owne
           great
           profit
           ,
           they
           draw
           to
           themselves
           ,
           the
           Comerce
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           sale
           of
           goods
           ,
           in
           their
           owne
           Country
           ,
           as
           of
           what
           they
           distribue
           unto
           others
           .
        
         
           And
           although
           their
           Comerce
           seeme
           to
           be
           interrupted
           ,
           and
           deminished
           by
           this
           warr
           ,
           yet
           that
           is
           only
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           since
           that
           as
           sone
           as
           they
           shall
           have
           peace
           ,
           they
           will
           imeadiatly
           setle
           themselves
           againe
           ,
           in
           the
           trade
           ,
           to
           the
           Exclusion
           of
           all
           other
           nations
           .
        
         
           Wherefore
           the
           only
           means
           to
           weaken
           the
           states
           ,
           and
           to
           divert
           this
           inundation
           of
           trade
           (
           that
           swells
           amongst
           them
           )
           without
           any
           effusion
           of
           bloud
           ,
           or
           expence
           of
           his
           Majesties
           subjects
           .
           It
           being
           a
           Sure
           and
           easie
           conquest
           ,
           which
           is
           gott
           by
           peace
           .
           A
           ffree
           Passage
           ought
           to
           be
           procured
           ,
           for
           his
           Majesties
           subjects
           and
           their
           Shipps
           in
           the
           River
           of
           Scheld
           up
           to
           the
           citty
           of
           Antwerp
           .
        
         
           FIrst
           the
           same
           ,
           being
           a
           citty
           very
           comodious
           for
           its
           situation
           ,
           environed
           with
           
             Machelen
             ,
             Brussells
          
           and
           many
           other
           great
           citties
           and
           townes
           .
           The
           entry
           to
           the
           sea
           Port
           ,
           very
           good
           ●nd
           sure
           in
           time
           of
           winter
           ,
           the
           River
           capable
           to
           carry
           Shipps
           of
           400.
           
           Tunn
           ,
           The
           inhabitants
           ●aturaly
           inclined
           to
           trade
           .
           The
           Exchanges
           to
           all
           other
           Countries
           there
           ,
           the
           conducts
           and
           land
           ●arriages
           setled
           unto
           Germany
           Itally
           ,
           &c.
           
           The
           many
           litle
           Channels
           and
           Rivers
           for
           transpor●ing
           their
           marchandiz
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           qualities
           requisite
           to
           a
           towne
           of
           Comerce
           .
        
         
           Thither
           his
           Majesties
           subjects
           ,
           might
           not
           only
           carry
           all
           sort
           of
           wares
           ,
           and
           marchandises
           of
           ●heir
           owne
           ,
           and
           other
           countries
           ,
           for
           the
           use
           of
           the
           Provinces
           of
           
             Brabant
             ,
             Flanders
             ,
             Hennow
          
           ,
           ●nd
           others
           under
           the
           obedience
           of
           his
           most
           Catholique
           Majestie
           ,
           but
           likewise
           be
           distributed
           ,
           further
           〈◊〉
           into
           the
           Country
           ,
           to
           the
           ffrench
           conquests
           ;
           
             Leige
             ,
             Germany
             ,
             Itally
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           And
           goods
           exported
           in
           one
           Bottome
           ,
           directly
           from
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           ●●her
           places
           in
           the
           Shipps
           of
           his
           Majesties
           subjects
           ,
           might
           be
           sold
           in
           Antwerpe
           ,
           and
           be
           trans●●rted
           from
           thence
           more
           easily
           ,
           and
           much
           cheaper
           then
           any
           other
           way
           what
           soever
           Also
           the
           ●anufactures
           of
           the
           low
           countries
           ,
           the
           new
           conquests
           of
           ffrance
           ,
           as
           Likewise
           of
           
             Leige
             ,
             Ger●any
             ,
             Itally
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           Might
           be
           carried
           from
           Antwerpe
           into
           
             England
             Scotland
          
           and
           Ire●●nd
           at
           ffar
           less
           rates
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Established
           lawes
           of
           England
           ,
           noe
           fforraigne
           Shipp
           ,
           can
           bring
           in
           any
           Marchandise
           ●ere
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           the
           product
           of
           that
           Country
           from
           whence
           they
           came
           .
           And
           noe
           treaty
           can
           abro●●te
           an
           act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           or
           knowne
           law
           of
           the
           land
           .
           VVhat
           comes
           from
           
             Leigh
             ,
             Germany
             ,
             
             Itally
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           (
           Now
           loaded
           in
           Holland
           Shipps
           )
           being
           brought
           by
           the
           Conducts
           and
           land
           Carriages
           to
           be
           loaded
           at
           Antwerpe
           ,
           Should
           be
           transported
           into
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           other
           Countries
           in
           English
           Shipps
           ,
           excluding
           all
           others
           .
        
         
           This
           alone
           would
           soe
           increase
           navigation
           ,
           and
           cause
           soe
           considerable
           a
           trade
           to
           the
           subjects
           of
           England
           ,
           that
           the
           obtaining
           thereof
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           indeavored
           without
           any
           other
           consideration
           .
        
         
           SEcondly
           the
           subjects
           of
           England
           ,
           might
           establish
           the
           staple
           of
           English
           Cloath
           ,
           in
           the
           Towne
           of
           Antwerpe
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           of
           much
           more
           advantage
           ,
           and
           profit
           to
           those
           concerned
           ,
           then
           at
           Dort
           ,
           in
           respect
           it
           is
           a
           manufacture
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           made
           in
           Antwerpe
           ,
           nor
           in
           other
           townes
           thereabouts
           .
        
         
           But
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           counterfeit
           the
           Manufacture
           of
           English
           Cloath
           ,
           a●
           Leyden
           ,
           and
           other
           townes
           nere
           to
           Dort
           ,
           soe
           craftily
           ,
           and
           subtily
           ,
           making
           their
           cloath
           o●
           the
           same
           Colours
           ,
           yet
           slighter
           and
           of
           less
           value
           ,
           whereby
           they
           undersell
           the
           English
           ,
           in
           a●●
           fine
           Cloaths
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           detriment
           of
           his
           Majestie
           ,
           and
           his
           subjects
           ,
           in
           the
           sale
           ,
           and
           distribution
           of
           the
           English
           drapery
           ,
           in
           forraigne
           parts
           .
        
         
           And
           the
           Hollanders
           being
           naturally
           inclined
           to
           thrift
           ,
           and
           to
           favour
           their
           owne
           manufactures
           ,
           they
           Cloath
           them selves
           ,
           in
           their
           owne
           Country
           Cloath
           ,
           and
           indeavor
           to
           introduce
           the
           same
           ,
           into
           other
           Countries
           both
           farr
           and
           nere
           ,
           to
           the
           Exclusion
           of
           English
           Cloath
           .
        
         
           For
           which
           cause
           the
           sale
           of
           English
           Cloath
           in
           Holland
           ,
           is
           very
           small
           .
           But
           if
           the
           staple
           wer●
           established
           at
           Antwerpe
           it
           would
           be
           far
           otherwise
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           respect
           of
           what
           would
           be
           pu●
           off
           in
           the
           Provinces
           belonging
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           as
           of
           what
           would
           be
           sould
           in
           the
           Citti●●
           and
           townes
           of
           the
           ffrench
           conquests
           ,
           and
           further
           unto
           
             Leige
             ,
             Germany
             ,
             Itally
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           The
           transportation
           from
           Antwerpe
           is
           at
           present
           more
           comodious
           and
           sure
           to
           the
           other
           Countries
           before
           mencioned
           ,
           because
           the
           same
           may
           be
           without
           paying
           any
           imposts
           ,
           to
           any
           oth●●
           Prince
           then
           the
           
             Catholique
             King
          
           ,
           not
           goeing
           through
           any
           other
           territory
           but
           his
           .
        
         
           VVereas
           on
           the
           contrary
           goeing
           from
           Dort
           to
           the
           aforesayd
           Countries
           ,
           they
           must
           pass
           throug●
           severall
           Iurisdictions
           ,
           and
           consequently
           pay
           the
           transits
           ,
           which
           how
           small-soever
           it
           be
           ,
           is
           burthen
           to
           the
           Marchandises
           .
           As
           the
           
             thirty
             severall
             tolls
             unto
             divers
             Princes
             ,
             Landgrav●●
          
           and
           others
           upon
           Rheinish
           wines
           ,
           before
           they
           come
           to
           Antwerpe
           by
           Dort.
           
        
         
           THirdly
           the
           silks
           which
           comes
           from
           the
           hither
           parts
           of
           Itally
           ,
           by
           the
           conducts
           to
           Antwer●●
           to
           be
           transported
           from
           thence
           into
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           the
           same
           being
           do●●
           by
           English
           Shipps
           directly
           ,
           would
           be
           of
           less
           charge
           then
           other-wayes
           ;
           Likewise
           the
           Dangers
           Sea
           is
           less
           in
           winter
           ,
           by
           the
           comodiousnes
           ,
           of
           the
           Port
           and
           entry
           of
           this
           River
           .
        
         
           The
           Shipps
           of
           his
           Majesties
           subjects
           ,
           would
           also
           have
           the
           benefit
           of
           transporting
           the
           sa●●
           with
           other
           merchandises
           ,
           and
           might
           have
           the
           advantage
           of
           many
           voyages
           ,
           and
           loading
           which
           at
           present
           others
           have
           to
           their
           loss
           .
        
         
           I
           pass
           over
           in
           silence
           and
           leaue
           to
           the
           consideration
           of
           those
           that
           trade
           ,
           the
           infin●●
           other
           profitts
           ,
           Judging
           it
           sufficient
           to
           poynt
           only
           in
           this
           litle
           discourse
           at
           〈◊〉
           great
           advantages
           ,
           his
           Majesties
           subjects
           of
           great
           Brittaigne
           will
           draw
           from
           〈◊〉
           navigation
           .
        
         
         
           But
           it
           must
           be
           granted
           ,
           that
           both
           in
           times
           of
           peace
           and
           warr
           ,
           that
           English
           Shipps
           be
           not
           searched
           ,
           nor
           vissited
           ,
           or
           obliged
           to
           declare
           unto
           whom
           the
           Loading
           ,
           or
           marchandise
           belongs
           .
           And
           that
           a
           ffree
           Shipp
           ,
           shall
           make
           ffree
           goods
           ,
           as
           is
           condescended
           on
           betwixt
           the
           Catholiqkue
           King
           ,
           and
           the
           states
           of
           the
           united
           Provinces
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           means
           ,
           if
           the
           King
           of
           Spaine
           ,
           come
           to
           a
           rupture
           with
           the
           sayd
           states
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           Prince
           ,
           or
           comon
           wealth
           ,
           English
           Shipps
           not
           being
           to
           be
           troubled
           ,
           either
           goeing
           ,
           or
           coming
           ,
           will
           be
           always
           preferred
           ,
           and
           soe
           shall
           draw
           the
           navigation
           to
           them selves
           .
        
         
           If
           there
           fall
           out
           any
           misunderstanding
           ,
           betvvixt
           any
           other
           Potentates
           .
           And
           that
           the
           Marchants
           Shipps
           ,
           need
           any
           convoy
           ,
           there
           vvil
           be
           imployment
           for
           the
           men
           of
           vvarr
           ,
           vvho
           may
           conduct
           them
           by
           flushing
           or
           further
           up
           the
           River
           .
           And
           in
           that
           case
           the
           King
           of
           great
           Brittaigne
           after
           the
           Example
           of
           his
           most
           
             Christian
             Majesty
          
           ,
           to
           bring
           about
           and
           Establish
           this
           navigation
           ,
           in
           favour
           of
           his
           subjects
           ,
           might
           give
           Convoyes
           gratis
           ,
           to
           attend
           the
           Marchants
           Shipps
           ,
           for
           at
           first
           they
           must
           be
           incovraged
           ,
           by
           good
           offices
           .
        
         
           
             ALl
             the
             difficulty
             ,
             and
             opposition
             ,
             in
             this
             affair
             ,
             will
             arrise
             from
             the
             Zelanders
             ,
             because
             at
             present
             they
             possess
             the
             Entry
             to
             this
             River
             .
             The
             states
             haveing
             gotten
             .
             Breskens
             in
             Flanders
             (
             over
             against
             fflushing
             )
             acquitted
             by
             Spaine
             in
             the
             treaty
             at
             Munster
             Anno
             1648.
             
          
           
             BUt
             seeing
             ,
             that
             by
             other
             ways
             and
             means
             their
             Comerce
             is
             taken
             away
             at
             
               Havre
               de
               Grace
               ,
               Amsterdam
               ,
               Roterdam
               ,
               Ostend
               ,
               Hambourgh
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             VVithout
             being
             able
             to
             helpe
             it
             ,
             nor
             draw
             any
             profit
             from
             thence
             ,
             which
             may
             make
             them
             jealous
             and
             resolve
             not
             to
             quitt
             the
             profit
             ,
             they
             draw
             by
             this
             navigation
             .
             
               In
               Answere
               to
               that
               difficulty
            
             .
          
           
             All
             the
             great
             Shipps
             ,
             which
             are
             not
             allwayes
             able
             to
             come
             up
             the
             River
             for
             want
             of
             water
             ,
             or
             hindred
             by
             eontrary
             winds
             ,
             being
             to
             unloade
             will
             doe
             the
             same
             in
             the
             vessells
             of
             Zeland
             ,
             whereby
             the
             towne
             and
             inhabitants
             of
             Flushing
             ,
             and
             others
             will
             reape
             the
             profit
             ,
             of
             the
             selling
             ,
             and
             buying
             ,
             and
             other
             expences
             of
             seamen
             ,
             and
             passengers
             ,
             who
             shall
             lodge
             there
             ,
             both
             at
             there
             loading
             ,
             and
             unloading
             .
             The
             Pylotts
             will
             be
             payd
             for
             guiding
             the
             Shipps
             ,
             up
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             profitts
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             those
             of
             that
             Province
             ,
             should
             not
             permitt
             this
             passage
             ,
             without
             receiving
             some
             small
             customes
             ,
             the
             same
             may
             be
             agreed
             on
             ,
             by
             the
             tunn
             ,
             or
             Shipp
             ,
             without
             being
             obliged
             ,
             to
             pay
             perticularly
             for
             Each
             marchandise
             ,
             or
             to
             make
             declaration
             of
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             If
             they
             should
             not
             consent
             ,
             his
             Majesty
             hath
             the
             same
             power
             in
             his
             hands
             ,
             to
             exclude
             and
             forbid
             the
             Shipps
             of
             Zeland
             ,
             and
             others
             of
             the
             states
             ,
             from
             goeing
             up
             the
             River
             of
             Thames
             ,
             but
             to
             unlade
             in
             English
             vessells
             at
             
               Graves
               End
            
             ,
             obliging
             them
             to
             pay
             the
             same
             imposts
             ,
             and
             tolls
             ,
             which
             they
             Exact
             from
             his
             
               Majesties
               subjects
            
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             not
             just
             ,
             that
             for
             any
             agreement
             ,
             the
             states
             made
             with
             Spaine
             ,
             they
             should
             pretend
             to
             Exclude
             all
             other
             nations
             ,
             from
             sayling
             on
             a
             River
             which
             God
             and
             nature
             hath
             made
             ffree
             .
             More
             Especially
             
               great
               Brittaigne
               .
               The
               King
            
             being
             not
             concerned
             in
             the
             treaty
             at
             Munster
             ,
             who
             ought
             to
             injoy
             the
             same
             previledges
             ,
             and
             liberties
             granted
             by
             all
             the
             former
             treaties
             betweene
             the
             
               Dukes
               of
               Burgundy
               and
               Austria
               and
               the
               Kings
               of
               England
            
             wherby
             the
             17.
             
             Provinces
             ,
             hold
             and
             injoy
             those
             liberties
             ,
             benefitts
             and
             advantages
             ,
             of
             the
             Kings
             Harbours
             ,
             
             Havens
             ,
             Ports
             ,
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             streames
             at
             all
             times
             and
             seasons
             in
             England
             ,
             without
             which
             the
             7.
             
               united
               Provinces
            
             (
             that
             were
             branches
             of
             Austria
             and
             Burgundy
             )
             could
             not
             subsist
             .
          
           
             By
             the
             treaty
             ,
             which
             the
             usurper
             Cromwel
             ,
             made
             with
             the
             states
             of
             the
             
               united
               Provinces
            
             ,
             it
             was
             indefinitly
             agreed
             ,
             that
             English
             men
             ,
             and
             their
             Shipps
             ,
             might
             freely
             and
             without
             trouble
             ,
             trade
             and
             sayle
             with
             their
             marchandize
             in
             and
             through
             all
             parts
             ,
             and
             places
             ,
             of
             the
             
               united
               Provinces
            
             to
             the
             tewnes
             scituated
             within
             their
             jurisdictions
             ,
             or
             without
             ,
             the
             same
             .
             
               And
               consequently
            
             it
             was
             beleived
             and
             averred
             ,
             that
             that
             Article
             did
             containe
             the
             grant
             of
             a
             ffree
             passage
             ,
             for
             
               his
               Majesties
               subjects
            
             up
             the
             River
             ,
             to
             Antwerpe
             ,
             being
             drawne
             out
             of
             the
             treaty
             concluded
             in
             the
             yeare
             1495.
             betweene
             
               King
               Henery
               the
               7.
               and
               Phillip
               Duke
               of
               Burgoundy
               and
               Austria
               .
            
             And
             it
             ought
             Ano
             :
             1654.
             to
             have
             been
             put
             in
             Execution
             ,
             but
             was
             suspended
             for
             some
             reasons
             Notwithstanding
             the
             Hollanders
             upon
             all
             ocations
             fly
             to
             the
             treaty
             Ano
             :
             1495.
             for
             their
             liberty
             and
             ffreedome
             of
             ffishing
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             present
             conjuncture
             ,
             when
             the
             
               united
               Provinces
            
             are
             surrounded
             ,
             and
             attacqued
             ,
             by
             such
             Royall
             powers
             ,
             the
             sayd
             Provinces
             must
             be
             reducd
             ,
             to
             the
             extremity
             that
             they
             will
             be
             obliged
             to
             make
             what
             agreement
             they
             can
             have
             .
             However
             if
             the
             Scheld
             were
             open
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             they
             will
             still
             serve
             the
             spanish
             netherlands
             with
             butter
             Cheese
             ffresh
             ffish
             ,
             salt
             fish
             wett
             ,
             and
             dry
             .
             And
             all
             the
             6.
             states
             of
             
               Zeland
               ,
               viz
               Flussing
               ,
               Midleburgh
               ,
               Ter-veere
               ,
               Zirrick-zee
               ,
               Ter-goes
               and
               Ter-tolen
            
             will
             not
             be
             obstructed
             in
             any
             thinge
             of
             their
             other
             imployment
             (
             they
             anciently
             had
             )
             by
             opening
             the
             River
             of
             Scheld
             to
             great
             Brittaigne
             ,
             that
             setts
             open
             all
             their
             
               Rivers
               ,
               Havens
            
             ,
             and
             Harbours
             ,
             to
             them
             in
             times
             of
             stormes
             ,
             and
             distress
             ,
             that
             must
             otherwise
             often
             times
             perish
             .
          
           
             IT
             is
             most
             certaine
             that
             it
             is
             the
             interest
             of
             
               the
               King
               of
               great
               Brittaigne
            
             ,
             for
             the
             prosperity
             ,
             and
             comerce
             of
             his
             subjects
             ,
             to
             weaken
             the
             force
             of
             his
             naturall
             Enemies
             ,
             by
             a
             more
             strickt
             Amity
             and
             good
             correspondence
             with
             the
             
               King
               of
               Spaine
            
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             this
             ffree
             passage
             ,
             for
             the
             Shipps
             of
             his
             
               Majesties
               subjects
            
             ,
             ought
             to
             be
             procured
             and
             agreed
             upon
             in
             the
             insuing
             treaty
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             that
             all
             English
             manufactures
             should
             have
             noe
             greater
             burthen
             ,
             or
             exactions
             what
             soeuer
             layd
             upon
             them
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             Spanish
             Netherlands
             ,
             united
             Provinces
             ,
             or
             in
             the
             ffrench
             Conquests
             ,
             then
             they
             payd
             in
             the
             times
             of
             the
             
               Dukes
               of
               Burgoundy
            
             ,
             for
             which
             the
             
               crowne
               of
               England
            
             ,
             granted
             all
             the
             liberties
             ,
             and
             priviledges
             ,
             to
             those
             Belgick
             Provinces
             in
             the
             English
             Seas
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               This
               generous
               enterprise
               ,
               without
               all
               peradventure
               ,
               will
               find
               good
               success
               ,
               if
               the
               
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Parliament
              
               ,
               doe
               rightly
               understand
               each
               other
               ,
               whose
               Memory
               will
               be
               Eternall
               ,
               amongst
               all
               nations
               ,
               for
               the
               happy
               Conclusion
               of
               soe
               noble
               an
               undertaking
               .
            
          
           
           
             SEUERALL
             WRITERS
             Upon
             the
             Holland
             Pollicies
             ,
             doe
             much
             comend
             the
             states
             in
             stopping
             up
             the
             River
             Scheld
             ,
             but
             they
             doe
             noe
             less
             wonder
             at
             the
             councell
             of
             England
             ,
             that
             permitted
             it
             ,
             seeing
             it
             breeds
             such
             a
             vast
             number
             of
             seamen
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             
               great
               Brittaigne
            
             ,
             that
             ought
             by
             all
             means
             ,
             to
             prevent
             it
             ,
             by
             sending
             their
             Shipps
             directly
             to
             Antwerpe
             ,
             that
             are
             forced
             to
             unlade
             their
             goods
             in
             
               Zeland
               ●nd
               Rotterdam
            
             ,
             in
             small
             vessells
             of
             theirs
             ,
             which
             is
             one
             of
             the
             great
             Nursereyes
             of
             the
             dutch
             navigation
             ,
             and
             that
             English
             men
             cheifly
             maintaines
             by
             those
             ffraights
             ,
             besids
             the
             great
             advantages
             ,
             the
             states
             make
             by
             their
             tolls
             ,
             upon
             English
             goods
             in
             that
             River
             ,
             which
             helps
             to
             support
             their
             usurped
             goverment
             ,
             since
             they
             fell
             from
             the
             Crowne
             of
             Spaine
             .
          
           
             Although
             there
             was
             some
             reason
             of
             state
             ,
             for
             England
             to
             hinder
             the
             growth
             of
             
             Spaine
             ●y
             assisting
             the
             united
             Provinces
             .
             yet
             they
             wanted
             good
             consideration
             ,
             and
             foresight
             ,
             that
             lessned
             themselves
             with
             their
             Neighbours
             ,
             by
             helping
             others
             .
          
           
             Spaine
             never
             valued
             trade
             ,
             England
             alwayes
             valued
             their
             pleasures
             ,
             and
             Holland
             ever
             valued
             their
             profit
             .
             Whereby
             they
             make
             it
             their
             busines
             ,
             to
             bafle
             all
             nations
             ,
             and
             Kingddomes
             in
             Publique
             treaties
             ,
             for
             their
             owne
             interest
             ,
             to
             the
             prejudice
             of
             other
             men
             .
          
           
             The
             Zelanders
             are
             a
             people
             ,
             that
             upon
             all
             occations
             ,
             serves
             for
             private
             men
             of
             warr
             against
             England
             ,
             and
             are
             soe
             apt
             for
             such
             mischeife
             ,
             by
             their
             naturall
             inclinations
             ,
             and
             scituation
             of
             their
             country
             ,
             that
             they
             ought
             to
             be
             bridled
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             any
             opertunity
             to
             put
             curbes
             into
             their
             mouths
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             are
             not
             contented
             with
             ploughing
             up
             the
             English
             Seas
             ,
             and
             Harrowing
             the
             waues
             ,
             but
             make
             marchandises
             of
             Gods
             word
             ,
             in
             printing
             yearly
             ,
             many
             thousand
             English
             ,
             bibles
             ,
             and
             practises
             of
             pyety
             at
             Amsterdam
             and
             Leyden
             ,
             counterfeiting
             the
             Kings
             Armes
             ,
             and
             Epistles
             to
             the
             Readers
             .
             A
             forgery
             not
             be
             fuffered
             .
          
           
             The
             Sabines
             of
             old
             ,
             from
             whome
             sprunge
             the
             Athenians
             and
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             gaue
             this
             Motto
             in
             all
             their
             Ensignes
             ,
             and
             Banners
             S.
             P.
             Q.
             R.
             signifieing
             ,
             
               Sabino
               Populo
               quis
               resistet
            
             .
             Whereupon
             the
             Romans
             caused
             the
             same
             letters
             ,
             to
             be
             ingraven
             upon
             all
             iheir
             gates
             and
             Posturnes
             signifying
             thereby
             
               Senatus
               Populusque
               Romanus
            
             ,
             which
             Contracted
             a
             teadious
             and
             distructive
             warr
             .
             
               The
               Hollanders
               and
               Zelanders
            
             ,
             since
             the
             last
             warr
             with
             England
             ,
             have
             ingraven
             ,
             and
             painted
             the
             Armes
             of
             the
             King
             of
             great
             Brittaigne
             upon
             seuerall
             of
             their
             
               Fly
               Boates
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Shipps
             amongst
             the
             number
             (
             that
             I
             know
             )
             upon
             one
             they
             named
             the
             ffrendshipp
             of
             London
             richly
             laden
             in
             Zeland
             ,
             bound
             for
             Cales
             ,
             and
             the
             Straights
             ,
             with
             dutch
             ,
             and
             Spanish
             goods
             ,
             under
             the
             notion
             of
             English
             ,
             hauing
             procured
             a
             master
             ,
             and
             other
             English
             seamen
             ,
             to
             Colour
             their
             false
             practises
             ,
             which
             can
             only
             be
             questioned
             ,
             by
             
               S.
               P.
               Q.
               R.
               (
               viz
               )
               Rex
               Senatusque
               Parlamenti
            
             otherwise
             the
             
               united
               Provinces
            
             will
             keepe
             ,
             the
             trade
             ,
             and
             navigation
             ,
             unto
             themselves
             as
             well
             in
             times
             of
             warr
             ,
             as
             peace
             .
          
           
             As
             ther
             is
             nothing
             more
             shamefull
             ,
             then
             a
             peace
             ,
             which
             giveth
             way
             to
             the
             Enemies
             to
             fortifie
             themselves
             .
             Soe
             there
             is
             nothing
             more
             infamous
             ,
             then
             to
             ley
             still
             ,
             when
             the
             publique
             interest
             ,
             obligeth
             to
             take
             armes
             ;
             But
             since
             victories
             depend
             rather
             upon
             fortune
             ,
             then
             valour
             .
             It
             s
             necessary
             to
             take
             all
             advantages
             ,
             to
             give
             the
             Hollanders
             a
             rysing
             blow
             ,
             by
             some
             acts
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             that
             may
             dissable
             them
             ,
             from
             fighting
             with
             England
             a
             fourth
             time
             .
          
           
             Great
             Brittaigne
             hath
             the
             Soueraignity
             of
             the
             Sea
             ;
             being
             scituated
             betweene
             Spaine
             and
             Holland
             ,
             opposite
             to
             
               France
               ▪
            
             North
             westerly
             to
             the
             
               low
               Countries
            
             ,
             and
             More
             Easterly
             to
             
               norway
               Danemerke
               Sweedland
               ,
               &c.
            
             
             Soe
             that
             all
             quarters
             of
             the
             Earth
             must
             salute
             the
             floating
             towers
             of
             great
             Brittaigne
             ,
             that
             infinitly
             ,
             expends
             vast
             sums
             yearely
             for
             mayntaining
             soe
             many
             harbours
             ,
             and
             havens
             ,
             from
             the
             raging
             Seas
             ,
             to
             preserve
             the
             subjects
             and
             others
             .
             Yett
             many
             hundreds
             of
             the
             native
             Marriners
             ,
             were
             soe
             degenerate
             ,
             as
             to
             serve
             the
             states
             
             Generall
             in
             the
             late
             warrs
             against
             their
             owne
             Prince
             ,
             and
             Country
             ,
             and
             then
             by
             treaties
             of
             state
             gott
             themselves
             indempnified
             against
             those
             base
             actions
             ,
             which
             ought
             by
             the
             act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             be
             attainted
             in
             bloud
             ,
             but
             they
             and
             their
             ffamilies
             ,
             for
             ever
             made
             slaves
             ,
             at
             Tangier
             ,
             and
             Iamiaca
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             same
             treaties
             ,
             provisions
             are
             made
             ,
             for
             all
             those
             that
             find
             themselves
             greived
             and
             oppressed
             in
             conscience
             ,
             to
             transport
             themselves
             and
             their
             Estates
             ,
             which
             is
             absolutly
             repugnant
             to
             the
             comon
             law
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             distructive
             to
             the
             very
             being
             there●●
             .
          
           
             If
             
               Barbados
               ,
               Surrinam
            
             ,
             and
             new
             England
             ,
             had
             been
             annexed
             to
             the
             Crowne
             by
             act
             of
             Parliament
             .
             
               Sr.
               William
               Courten
            
             and
             his
             Heyres
             ,
             had
             kept
             their
             propriety
             in
             the
             first
             .
             The
             
               Lord
               willoughby
            
             and
             his
             heyres
             ,
             had
             not
             lost
             the
             soveraignity
             of
             the
             second
             .
             And
             the
             King
             of
             great
             Brittaigne
             had
             not
             lost
             soe
             many
             subjects
             in
             the
             third
             ,
             by
             a
             Charter
             framed
             at
             Leyden
             by
             those
             Professors
             ,
             when
             the
             first
             greived
             and
             oppressed
             ffamilies
             ,
             in
             their
             tender
             consciences
             ,
             went
             from
             England
             ,
             to
             Leyden
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             ,
             to
             new
             England
             ,
             with
             their
             Estates
             ,
             as
             a
             people
             ,
             absolued
             from
             their
             King
             ,
             to
             seeke
             an
             other
             land
             .
             
               VVhich
               will
               spoyle
               the
               trade
               ,
               and
               navigation
               of
               old
               England
               ,
               in
               many
               partes
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               if
               not
               timely
               prevented
               .
            
          
           
             Some
             of
             all
             nations
             ,
             left
             their
             native
             Countries
             ,
             to
             become
             
               Herring-fishers
               〈◊〉
               Carpenters
               ,
               Roapemakers
               and
               S●yle
               Cloath-weavors
               ,
            
             &c.
             
             In
             the
             united
             Provinces
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             made
             slaves
             .
             And
             would
             gladly
             come
             now
             for
             England
             ,
             upon
             reasonable
             termes
             ,
             and
             better
             Priviledges
             ,
             to
             plant
             themselves
             ,
             and
             their
             ffamilies
             in
             some
             convenient
             places
             of
             England
             ,
             or
             wales
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             be
             setled
             by
             act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             become
             subjects
             to
             the
             Crowne
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             contented
             with
             small
             Islelands
             ,
             or
             old
             decayed
             townes
             ,
             in
             suffolk
             ,
             or
             norfolke
             ,
             &c.
             
             Nere
             the
             Sea
             Coast
             ,
             where
             they
             may
             improve
             themselves
             ,
             for
             the
             benefit
             of
             the
             King
             and
             the
             Country
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             the
             saying
             of
             an
             Ancient
             Father
             in
             Flanders
             ,
             that
             there
             cannot
             be
             any
             good
             confidence
             between
             England
             and
             Spaine
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             great
             blows
             ,
             
               the
               Spanish
               Monarchie
            
             hath
             received
             from
             England
             .
             And
             that
             there
             canot
             be
             any
             true
             ffreindship
             ,
             betweene
             France
             and
             England
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             great
             pretence
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             hath
             to
             the
             Crowne
             ,
             who
             quarters
             the
             Armes
             of
             France
             in
             his
             Scutchion
             ,
             but
             the
             constitution
             of
             times
             altering
             ,
             there
             may
             be
             exeptions
             taken
             to
             those
             generall
             Rules
             .
             However
             if
             England
             can
             trust
             themselves
             ,
             they
             may
             contemne
             all
             the
             world
             ,
             wherein
             the
             insolent
             and
             ungratefull
             Hollanders
             and
             Zelanders
             ,
             
               (
               that
               giues
               litle
               reverence
               to
               treaties
               ,
               or
               respect
               to
               laws
               )
            
             wants
             neither
             ,
             malice
             ,
             nor
             will
             ,
             to
             doe
             all
             possible
             Mischeife
             ,
             to
             England
             ,
             when
             opetunity
             serves
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             well
             apprehended
             ,
             by
             the
             late
             Pattent
             granted
             by
             the
             states
             ,
             to
             the
             West-India
             Company
             ,
             
               (
               hereunto
               annexed
            
             )
             whereby
             they
             intend
             ,
             to
             make
             as
             great
             progress
             ,
             and
             incroachments
             upon
             the
             English
             ,
             in
             the
             West-Indies
             ,
             as
             they
             have
             done
             in
             the
             East
             .
          
           
             To
             conclude
             all
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             with
             the
             staple
             of
             England
             ,
             nothing
             can
             add
             more
             to
             the
             flourishing
             Estate
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             then
             to
             preserue
             the
             creditt
             ,
             and
             reputation
             of
             English
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             nothing
             can
             soe
             much
             advance
             them
             ,
             to
             their
             former
             Esteeme
             ,
             as
             good
             goverment
             ,
             both
             in
             the
             making
             and
             dispossinge
             thereof
             .
             And
             for
             the
             better
             regulation
             of
             that
             trade
             ,
             and
             comerce
             ,
             there
             is
             noe
             way
             soe
             propper
             ,
             as
             to
             re-establish
             the
             Company
             of
             Marchant
             adventures
             ,
             by
             act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             with
             a
             new
             Charter
             of
             Priviledges
             ,
             admitting
             all
             persons
             ,
             to
             be
             ffree
             thereof
             ,
             that
             shall
             be
             quallified
             thereunto
             accordingly
             ,
             who
             shall
             haue
             noe
             greater
             ,
             burthens
             ,
             or
             impositions
             layd
             upon
             English
             Manufactures
             ,
             then
             were
             in
             the
             Dukes
             of
             Burgoundyes
             times
             ,
             conformable
             to
             the
             late
             treaty
             .
             Concluded
             by
             the
             
               Earle
               of
               Sandwich
               at
               Madrid
               Anno
               M.DC.LXVII
               .
            
          
           
             
               Brussels
               
                 Aprill
                 13.
                 1675.