ACRL News Issue (B) of College & Research Libraries 636 / C & R L News all corners. These disks were then copied success­ fully. The dripping wet disks were peeled out of their plastic sleeves (see Figure 2). The plastic sleeves of some were relatively easy to pop open. Others were more difficult, and a paper cutter was used, first making sure to tap the sleeve to position the disk away from the edge being cut. Each disk was then wiped dry with a rag! The janitor closet yielded a box of clean, soft, lint-free rags (from old thermal underwear). The waffle­ weave cloth shown in Figure 2 dried well and did not leave lint on the disks. T he disks were then hung for further air drying on the cataloging department “Easter egg tree” (Figure 3). This procedure kept the disks from touching each other, and also kept the disk surfaces from coming into contact with any other material or contaminants. A new dry disk was then cut open by trimming off about 1/16 inch of the write-protect edge with a paper cutter. The disk was removed from the plas­ tic cover and set aside for later replacement. One by one the bare disks were slipped into this dry cover, run, and copied. All disks copied success­ fully, and everything— including the entire micro­ software serial— was salvaged. ■ ■ Library consultant in Indonesia By T a n ja Lorkovic H ead o f Cataloging University o f Iow a The state of librarianship in one developing country. T his article was inspired by the consulting re port, “The Team Approach to Library Consultin in a Developing Country,” by Carolyn A. Snyder Larry W. Griffin, Andrea Singer, and Roger Beck man of the Indiana University Libraries (C & R N ew s, December 1985, pp. 629–32). It prompte me to recount my own experiences as a Universit of Iowa librarian during a year of consulting inter nationally at the University of North Sumatra, Me dan, Indonesia. In July 1984 the Office of International Educa tion and Services of the University of Iowa an nounced that the Midwest Universities Consortiu for International Activities (MUCIA) had bee awarded a contract funded by the Asian Develo ment Bank (ADB Loan No. 525-INO) for the Un versity foNorth Sumatra/Universitas Sumater Utara (USU) Development Project. ­ g , ­ L d y ­ ­ ­ ­ m n p­ i­ a The project’s objectives were to upgrade aca­ demic programs, curriculum, teaching manage­ ment, library service, and physical facilities of USU. Among the four long-term and 21 short-term consultancies in diverse academic and professional fields was a request for a library specialist. I ap­ plied and in September 1984 I was appointed by MUCIA to the position of library specialist for the University of North Sumatra Project. In April 1985 the Project Implementation Unit at USU accepted my appointment. During the negotiation between that Unit and MUCIA, the initial 15 man-months for the library specialist was shortened to 12 man- months with the provision that the remaining three months would be allocated for a specialized library consultation that might be needed later. The orien­ tation process started at the University of Iowa where I was given a Bahasa Indonesia textbook, N ov em ber 1986 / 637 T h e au th or p laces th e corn erston e in th e fo u n d a tio n f o r the new C en tral L ib ra ry bu ildin g at th e University o f N orth Sum atra, M edan. materials on Indonesian history, culture, socio economic and political development, and some in formation about the University of North Sumatra I arrived on site at Medan on September 7, 1985. Following my arrival, I established a workin relationship with my counterparts D ra. Ram l Sari and Dr. Rustam Effendi. The counterparts ar an important part of the consultancy. Their role i that of a vital link with the university— they pro vide the necessary library information in the Indo nesian context. They bridge the cultural differ ences that are invariably present when one work in a developing country. Ultimately, the counter parts are the ones who will carry on the projec when the consultant returns to the United States Only as a team can the consultant and his counter parts be able to bring about a change in the librar services at the University of North Sumatra. The terms of reference for my consultancy pre pared by university administrators and the Projec Implementation Unit officers were as follows: 1. Review existing library facilities, collections and services available at USU; review the librar situation in Sumatra and elsewhere in Indonesi with an emphasis on cooperative endeavors. 2. Prepare and assist in the implementation o plans to improve the existing library system wit special reference to: a. Determining the extent of centralization an decentralization of library facilities. b. Planning the space requirements, layout, stor age, study rooms, and other requirements for th new central library building. ­ ­ . g a e s ­ ­ ­ s ­ t . ­ y ­ t , y a f h d ­ e c. Preparing lists of books and journals required, and establishing a system for regular requisitioning and ordering; establishing suitable links with pub­ lishers as well as local and foreign libraries, with a view to assisting library development. d. Establishing suitable classification, filing, and cataloging systems; establishing the best com ­ puterized coding for these systems. e. Establishing a suitable system to facilitate in­ formation retrieval, including copying facilities for staff and students. f . Planning the recruitment and training of USU library staff; meeting all library staff and checking qualifications; assessing educational needs. g. Organizing a library committee and meeting with it regularly. Review of library facilities The review took place at both local and national levels. I found out that at USU there were two sepa­ rate library systems: T h e C e n tr a l L ib r a r y (P erp u sta k a a n P usat), whose librarian reports directly to the rector. The Library’s holdings are approximately 10,000 titles and over 25,000 volumes of monographic publica­ tions and 43 serial titles, none of which represent a complete run or subscription. The Central Library is staffed with 18 employees, three of whom are professional librarians. D e p a r t m e n t a l L i b r a r ie s (P e r p u s t a k a a n F a ­ kultas), consisting of nine departmental libraries that are units of faculties, which report directly to 638 / C & R L News their respective deans. These units are independent of each other and there is no organizational link be­ tween the central and nine departmental libraries either through supervision or coordination. The to­ tal staff of departmental libraries is approximately 40 employees with collective holdings of close to 24,000 monographic titles in 95,000 volumes, and 450 serial titles. In order to understand the general Medan li­ brary situation, I visited the Medan Public Library and the Regional Library of North Sumatra. Both visits were useful, because they gave me a broad picture of the system of provincial and public li­ braries in Indonesia. I also had several delightful talks with Mr. Halim Lukman, the owner of a local bookstore, Toko Buku Deli. He provided much in­ formation pertaining to the logistics of book acqui­ sition in Indonesia. From October 26 to November 2, my counter­ part Rustam Effendi and I visited the libraries of educational colleges and universities in Padang (West Sumatra) and in Jakarta and Bogor (Java). In Jakarta, Aside from Universitas Indonesia and IKIP Jakarta, we also visited the Indonesian Insti­ tute of Science (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indo­ nesia) and its National Scientific Documentation Center, the National Library of Indonesia, and the Center for Library Development, Task and Func­ tions (Pusat Pembinaan Perpustakaan Nasional). W e also held a valuable conference with Prof. Frank Hogg, consultant of the World Bank Project for the development of schools of library science in Indonesia. He recommended USU as a regional center for library education in Western Indonesia. The last meeting of our study tour was held in the home of Roger Beckman and Andrea Singer, li­ brary consultants from the Indiana University L i­ braries for the MUCIA/World Bank Project IX. We exchanged ideas and compared our efforts for the development of centralized library services at two different universities. Two important points resulting from this study tour should be stressed: •Library services at the institutions we have vis­ ited are better developed than those at USU. This means that there is a “national model” available that USU could follow in order to improve its li­ brary services. The “western model” should com­ plement only what the Indonesian libraries have not yet achieved themselves. • USU is isolated from the mainstream of libr activities because of its geographical location. The University administration should encourage and fi­ nancially help its professional librarians to become active members of the Indonesian Library Associa­ tion in order to overcome its parochialism. Centralization at USU The evidence established during the review pro­ cess supported the centralized library system: a The campus of USU is located at one site. ary b. According to the Abstract Master Plan of the Development for the North Sumatra University of 1980-1990 and its projection of physical develop­ ment, the size of the Central Library will expand from 1,61.0 square meters (1980) to 6,090 square meters (1990) while the size of all departmental (fa­ cultas) libraries will remain unchanged. c. The new Central Library building will be cen­ trally located on campus and therefore easily acces­ sible to all patrons. d. The university administrators favor the cen­ tralization of library services— with the possible exclusion of the Law Library and the Medical Library— over the continuation of the current de­ centralized system. e. Resources acquired with the Asian Develop­ ment Bank loan funds are deposited and will con­ tinue to be deposited in the Central Library. Thus, the book collection of the Central Library will be significantly enlarged. The new central library building According to the terms of the contract, my con­ sulting responsibilities were defined as those of a li­ brary consultant/book collection specialist. An­ other consulting position as a library building specialist was to be filled later. In November 1985 I was asked, however, to give comments on the blue­ print for the new building. I agreed only after it was understood by all parties involved that I am not a library building specialist and therefore my comments, given from the point of view of a prac­ ticing librarian, would be general in nature and would rely heavily on the library literature. The plan for the new central library building was approved by the Asian Development Bank in Manila on January 24, 1986. On May 21, 1986, the cornerstone ceremony took place at USU and the construction of the new central library is now un­ derwav. Establishment of a “Model Operation” For a library consultant who comes from the United States, the most trying situation is to be faced with the developing country’s library situa­ tion. One’s impulse is to reject what exists, try to change things according to what is practiced in A m erican lib raries, and then despair for not achieving the desired results. From the very begin­ ning I tried to avoid such an attitude. I turned my initial negative impressions into a learning experi­ ence. I examined the library’s work in minute de­ tail and I soon discovered that consulting alone would not be enough. I had to be physically present at all stages of processing and work side by side with the staff in spite of the language barrier. I tried to forget how it is done at the University of Iowa. Once I understood the USU procedures I was N ov em ber 1986 / 639 able to work from within and to organize the proc­ essing of the first shipment of books purchased with ADB loan funds, an awesome task for a staff never before faced with such a large acquisition. Three thousand titles in over 7,0 00 volumes must have looked intimidating to library staff that had been used to processing no more than a few hundred vol­ umes a year. Cataloging Since there is no book budget allocated directly to the library administration for the acquisition of library materials, the central library is not involved either in book selection or acquisition work. Proc­ essing begins with the receipt of books. The de­ scriptive cataloging follows the In tern ation al Stan­ d a r d B ib lio g r a p h ic D esc rip tio n (IS B D ) and is generally good. T h e standard cataloging code, Peraturan K atalogisasi In don esia (Jakarta, 1981), follows the international developments prescribed by IF L A . The subject system used was the 11th edi­ tion of the Sears List o f Subject H eadings and the classification system is the 19th edition of the D e ­ w ey D ecim al C lassification to which is added an appendix for specific Indonesian topics, Perluasan dan Penyesuaian Notasi untuk B e b e r a p a Seksi d a ­ lam D ew ey D ecim al C lassification Khusus yang B erhubu ngan dengan In don esia (Jakarta, 1981). The central library agreed to accept C IP records for cataloging, and this decision introduced the L i ­ brary of Congress Subject Headings. W e sent two requests for the books and were lucky to obtain an 8th edition from the U.S. Library of Congress O f­ fice in Jakarta. W e were also greatly reassured by Mary K .D . Pietris’s letter, in which she related to us that the two systems (Sears and LCSH) could be interfiled successfully with only 15% of the head­ ings clashing. Another major project was the establishment of the information dissemination system. The work on the public card catalog started in 1982. Prior to this, books were not cataloged and the retrospec­ tive catalo g in g of earlier holdings was not a t ­ tempted due to the lack of staff. Now the catalog is fairly representative of the library’s holdings and has close to 5 0 ,00 0 cards organized in an author- title-subject file and a shelf list. W h at is also impor­ tant is that we have trained staff who are eager to observe the filing rules to serve the catalog. Re­ cently the library acquired the card catalog cab i­ nets and for the first time made the public catalog available to the patrons. Stacks organization After I examined the stacks I found out that the books were out of Dewey Decimal Classification sequence in all sections; even the sections were con­ fused and a large percentage of books did not have labels. It was obvious that if we planned to inte­ grate the new books with the existing collection, we first had to put in order what was already there. The work on the rearrangement of the stacks started im m ediately. R elab elin g of unmarked books was done at the same time. Along with the rearrangement of the books, the rules for the orga­ nization and maintenance of the stacks were devel­ oped. The final marking of the stacks sections is taking place now after all new books have been I had to he physically present at all stages of rocessing. processed and shelved. On the whole, the “model operation” for the processing of library materials has been established successfully. It was tested on the first shipment of books bought with the ADB loan funds. The kernel of the future Central Library Processing D epart­ ment exists. In the recommendations for the future development of library services at USU, we sug­ gested computerization and networking. W e of­ fered information on software packages, hardware possibilities, and other elements relevant to com ­ puterization. For the time being, however, this is not possible because there is no infrastructure that would support such a system. First, we had to orga­ nize a manual library processing system. Once net­ working and computerization have developed in Indonesian libraries, the University of North Su­ matra will follow the national trend in automa­ tion. Along with the development of a model opera­ tion, we prepared recommendations regarding the organizational structure and staffing of the new central library. Our particular concern was the es­ tablishment of a strong acquisitions department and the formulation of sound collection develop­ ment policies. Another important event was the appointment of the L ibrary C om m ittee, which will monitor the development of library services and promote the use of library resources. In conclusion, I would like to say that sometimes I felt alone and I wished there could have been a team of library consultants. I had the support, however, of MUCIA consultants, many of whom were interested in library matters. I also turned to help to the University of Iowa Libraries. For in­ stance, when we discovered that many new books were damaged by dampness, bookworms and ro­ dents because of their prolonged storage in the un­ favorable conditions of the humid tropical climate, the University of Iowa book conservator, William p 640 / C&RL News Anthony, immediately answered my call for help. He sent the names of chemicals, procedures to be applied, and literature on preservation. Other col­ leagues responded equally well and in this report I want to thank them publicly. It was good to know that the University stood by me when I was half a world away from home. This consulting assignment has been most en­ lightening not only because I learned a lot about the state of librarianship in a less than ideal setting, but also because I experienced a wealth of cross- cultural interactions in living among and working with my Indonesian colleagues. I learned to listen carefully to what my counterparts and other co­ workers had to say, and was open to Indonesian values and their ways of doing things. I learned to be patient and not to despair when the proposed changes were not implemented as fast and as well as I wanted them. I was always aware that in our reports we must recommend solutions that will be possible in USU and Indonesian contexts. To sug­ gest that USU should merely accept American ways of doing things and propose a simple transplant of American library services to Northern Sumatra would not work. Wiley Dyer and the library as information processor By S arah B a r b a r a W atstein H ea d , R eferen ce Division Hunter C ollege The A C R L President’s Program in New York last Ju n e took a fresh look at a controversial case study. B y now, many academic librarians nationwid have been involved, directly or indirectly, in th examination of the issues surrounding the rapid in troduction and integration of technology on th mythical campus known as Garfield University. Some of us participated in this examination on O c tober 28, 1983, at a Tri-Chapter ACRL Sympo sium entitled “Life on the Technology Express (see C & R L News, January 1984, pp.9– 10). Other participated in this examination on June 30, 1986 at the ACRL President’s Program in New York als entitled, “Life on the Technology Express.” Thi article focuses on the two Garfield University pro grams and provides some background on their de velopment. e e ­ e ­ ­ ” s , o s ­ ­ Garfield University and its dilemmas Easily recognizable to most ACRL members are several of the most vocal characters and details in the controversy engulfing the Garfield University campus in suburban Clifton since the inauguration of President Wiley Dyer. At the helm of the Heath­ cliff Library on the Garfield University campus is Ely Berrien, director of the library for eighteen years. Other notable library personnel are Mr. A. Keen Buch, assistant director for public services, and Minnie Roebuck, head of cataloging, and chair of D E P O T , Director’s Executive Panel on Technology. Other University notables are Irwin