sept16_ff.indd C&RL News September 2016 420 Gary Pattillo is reference librarian at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, e-mail: pattillo@email. unc.edu G a r y P a t t i l l o K–12 principal demographics “The percentage of female principals increased in (K–12) public schools between 1987 and 2012, from 25 to 52 percent. In private schools, while the percentage of female principals did not change, a greater percentage of private school principals were female compared with their public school counterparts across all school years, except for 2007–08.” Jason Hill, Randolph Ottem, and John DeRoche, “Trends in Public and Private School Principal Demographics and Quali- fications: 1987-88 to 2011-12,” Stats in Brief, NCES 2016-189, April 2016, National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Department of Education, http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2016189 (retrieved August 10, 2016). Institutional repositories From 2012 to 2015, a UK survey of academics found “a substantial increase in the share of respondents that preserves their research data in a repository and a corresponding decrease in the share that preserves data themselves. And, while respondents in the UK and the US build up and collect similar levels of various types of research data, UK respondents are more likely than their US peers to utilize a repository and less likely to self-preserve. This may be related to the (UK) introduction of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) mandate for data deposit.” Christine Wolff, Roger Schonfeld, and Alisa Rod, “UK Survey of Academics 2015: Ithaka S+R | Jisc | RLUK,” (June 15, 2016), doi:10.18665/sr.282736 (retrieved August 9, 2016). Visual information processing “The brain processes visual information roughly sixty thousand times faster than text. The reason is that human brains process all picture details simultaneously whereas words, either spoken or written, must be processed serially.” Doris A. Graber and Gregory G. Holyk, “Civic Knowledge and Audiovisual Learning,” In The SAGE Handbook of Political Communication, pp. 153-163, London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2012, doi: 10.4135/9781446201015.n13. (retrieved August 10, 2016). Postsecondary enrollment rates “Enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions increased by 18 per- cent between 1993 and 2003. Between 2003 and 2013, enrollment increased 20 percent, from 16.9 million to 20.4 million. Much of the growth between 2003 and 2013 was in full-time enrollment; the number of full-time students rose 22 percent, while the number of part-time students rose 18 percent. During the same period, the number of female students rose 19 percent, while the num- ber of male students rose 22 percent. Although male enrollment increased by a larger percentage during this period, the majority (57 percent) of students in 2013 were female.” “Fast facts,” National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display. asp?id=98 (retrieved August 9, 2016). Wealth gap in Internet access More than half the world is still offline. “About 3.9 billion people, or 53 percent of the population, will still be offline at the end of this year, the International Telecommunication Union estimates. Even in Europe, the most connected region, 20.9 percent of all people aren’t online. In Africa, the least connected continent, 74.9 percent are offline.” Stephen Lawson, “More than half the world is still offline,” ITWorld, July 22, 2016, www.itworld.com/article/3099195 /more-than-half-the-world-is-still-offline.html (retrieved August 9, 2016).