id sid tid token lemma pos crl-15391 1 1 mccracken.p65 mccracken.p65 PROPN crl-15391 1 2 400 400 NUM crl-15391 1 3 college college PROPN crl-15391 1 4 & & CCONJ crl-15391 1 5 research research PROPN crl-15391 1 6 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 1 7 september september PROPN crl-15391 1 8 2000 2000 NUM crl-15391 1 9 the the DET crl-15391 1 10 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 1 11 of of ADP crl-15391 1 12 the the DET crl-15391 1 13 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 1 14 among among ADP crl-15391 1 15 small small ADJ crl-15391 1 16 college college NOUN crl-15391 1 17 library library NOUN crl-15391 1 18 directors director NOUN crl-15391 1 19 peter peter PROPN crl-15391 1 20 mccracken mccracken PROPN crl-15391 1 21 although although SCONJ crl-15391 1 22 a a DET crl-15391 1 23 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 1 24 provides provide VERB crl-15391 1 25 a a DET crl-15391 1 26 library library NOUN crl-15391 1 27 director director NOUN crl-15391 1 28 with with ADP crl-15391 1 29 little little ADJ crl-15391 1 30 practical practical ADJ crl-15391 1 31 assis­ assis­ X crl-15391 1 32 tance tance NOUN crl-15391 1 33 toward toward ADP crl-15391 1 34 fulfilling fulfil VERB crl-15391 1 35 his his PRON crl-15391 1 36 or or CCONJ crl-15391 1 37 her her PRON crl-15391 1 38 job job NOUN crl-15391 1 39 , , PUNCT crl-15391 1 40 many many ADJ crl-15391 1 41 college college NOUN crl-15391 1 42 and and CCONJ crl-15391 1 43 university university PROPN crl-15391 1 44 admin­ admin­ NOUN crl-15391 1 45 istrators istrator NOUN crl-15391 1 46 seem seem VERB crl-15391 1 47 to to PART crl-15391 1 48 expect expect VERB crl-15391 1 49 library library NOUN crl-15391 1 50 directors director NOUN crl-15391 1 51 to to PART crl-15391 1 52 have have VERB crl-15391 1 53 one one NUM crl-15391 1 54 . . PUNCT crl-15391 2 1 the the DET crl-15391 2 2 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 2 3 of of ADP crl-15391 2 4 the the DET crl-15391 2 5 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 2 6 has have AUX crl-15391 2 7 been be AUX crl-15391 2 8 studied study VERB crl-15391 2 9 extensively extensively ADV crl-15391 2 10 within within ADP crl-15391 2 11 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 2 12 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 2 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 2 14 but but CCONJ crl-15391 2 15 not not PART crl-15391 2 16 within within ADP crl-15391 2 17 small small ADJ crl-15391 2 18 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 2 19 . . PUNCT crl-15391 3 1 this this DET crl-15391 3 2 article article NOUN crl-15391 3 3 explores explore VERB crl-15391 3 4 the the DET crl-15391 3 5 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 3 6 of of ADP crl-15391 3 7 the the DET crl-15391 3 8 doc­ doc­ NOUN crl-15391 3 9 torate torate NOUN crl-15391 3 10 among among ADP crl-15391 3 11 small small ADJ crl-15391 3 12 college college NOUN crl-15391 3 13 library library NOUN crl-15391 3 14 directors director NOUN crl-15391 3 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 3 16 considering consider VERB crl-15391 3 17 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 3 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 3 19 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 3 20 in in ADP crl-15391 3 21 addition addition NOUN crl-15391 3 22 to to ADP crl-15391 3 23 size size NOUN crl-15391 3 24 of of ADP crl-15391 3 25 the the DET crl-15391 3 26 library library NOUN crl-15391 3 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 3 28 the the DET crl-15391 3 29 college college NOUN crl-15391 3 30 , , PUNCT crl-15391 3 31 and and CCONJ crl-15391 3 32 the the DET crl-15391 3 33 library library NOUN crl-15391 3 34 staff staff NOUN crl-15391 3 35 . . PUNCT crl-15391 4 1 this this DET crl-15391 4 2 research research NOUN crl-15391 4 3 finds find VERB crl-15391 4 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 4 5 20 20 NUM crl-15391 4 6 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 4 7 of of ADP crl-15391 4 8 library library NOUN crl-15391 4 9 directors director NOUN crl-15391 4 10 at at ADP crl-15391 4 11 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 4 12 i i PRON crl-15391 4 13 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 4 14 have have VERB crl-15391 4 15 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 4 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 4 17 and and CCONJ crl-15391 4 18 40 40 NUM crl-15391 4 19 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 4 20 have have VERB crl-15391 4 21 second second ADJ crl-15391 4 22 master master NOUN crl-15391 4 23 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 4 24 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 4 25 . . PUNCT crl-15391 5 1 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 5 2 with with ADP crl-15391 5 3 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 5 4 do do AUX crl-15391 5 5 not not PART crl-15391 5 6 direct direct VERB crl-15391 5 7 larger large ADJ crl-15391 5 8 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 5 9 than than ADP crl-15391 5 10 those those PRON crl-15391 5 11 without without ADP crl-15391 5 12 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 5 13 . . PUNCT crl-15391 6 1 the the DET crl-15391 6 2 value value NOUN crl-15391 6 3 of of ADP crl-15391 6 4 the the DET crl-15391 6 5 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 6 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 6 7 and and CCONJ crl-15391 6 8 its its PRON crl-15391 6 9 future future NOUN crl-15391 6 10 among among ADP crl-15391 6 11 female female ADJ crl-15391 6 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 6 13 in in ADP crl-15391 6 14 particular particular ADJ crl-15391 6 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 6 16 is be AUX crl-15391 6 17 considered consider VERB crl-15391 6 18 . . PUNCT crl-15391 7 1 ibrarians ibrarian NOUN crl-15391 7 2 expend expend VERB crl-15391 7 3 much much ADJ crl-15391 7 4 energy energy NOUN crl-15391 7 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 7 6 both both CCONJ crl-15391 7 7 informally informally ADV crl-15391 7 8 and and CCONJ crl-15391 7 9 in in ADP crl-15391 7 10 journal journal NOUN crl-15391 7 11 articles article NOUN crl-15391 7 12 and and CCONJ crl-15391 7 13 books book NOUN crl-15391 7 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 7 15 discussing discuss VERB crl-15391 7 16 the the DET crl-15391 7 17 importance importance NOUN crl-15391 7 18 of of ADP crl-15391 7 19 the the DET crl-15391 7 20 doctor­ doctor­ NOUN crl-15391 7 21 ate eat VERB crl-15391 7 22 in in ADP crl-15391 7 23 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-15391 7 24 . . PUNCT crl-15391 8 1 about about ADV crl-15391 8 2 half half DET crl-15391 8 3 the the DET crl-15391 8 4 country country NOUN crl-15391 8 5 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 8 6 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 8 7 and and CCONJ crl-15391 8 8 universities university NOUN crl-15391 8 9 offer offer VERB crl-15391 8 10 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 8 11 faculty faculty NOUN crl-15391 8 12 status status NOUN crl-15391 8 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 8 14 but but CCONJ crl-15391 8 15 unlike unlike ADP crl-15391 8 16 their their PRON crl-15391 8 17 teaching teaching NOUN crl-15391 8 18 colleagues colleague NOUN crl-15391 8 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 8 20 very very ADV crl-15391 8 21 few few ADJ crl-15391 8 22 of of ADP crl-15391 8 23 these these DET crl-15391 8 24 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 8 25 brarians brarian VERB crl-15391 8 26 hold hold VERB crl-15391 8 27 doctorates.1 doctorates.1 NOUN crl-15391 8 28 a a DET crl-15391 8 29 master master NOUN crl-15391 8 30 ’s ’s PRON crl-15391 8 31 de­ de­ INTJ crl-15391 8 32 gree gree NOUN crl-15391 8 33 in in ADP crl-15391 8 34 library library NOUN crl-15391 8 35 science science NOUN crl-15391 8 36 is be AUX crl-15391 8 37 considered consider VERB crl-15391 8 38 a a DET crl-15391 8 39 ter­ ter­ ADJ crl-15391 8 40 minal minal NOUN crl-15391 8 41 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 8 42 , , PUNCT crl-15391 8 43 and and CCONJ crl-15391 8 44 unlike unlike ADP crl-15391 8 45 in in ADP crl-15391 8 46 classroom classroom NOUN crl-15391 8 47 teaching teaching NOUN crl-15391 8 48 settings setting NOUN crl-15391 8 49 , , PUNCT crl-15391 8 50 a a DET crl-15391 8 51 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 8 52 is be AUX crl-15391 8 53 not not PART crl-15391 8 54 a a DET crl-15391 8 55 re­ re­ NOUN crl-15391 8 56 quirement quirement NOUN crl-15391 8 57 for for ADP crl-15391 8 58 employment employment NOUN crl-15391 8 59 . . PUNCT crl-15391 9 1 nevertheless nevertheless ADV crl-15391 9 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 9 3 the the DET crl-15391 9 4 advanced advanced ADJ crl-15391 9 5 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 9 6 often often ADV crl-15391 9 7 provides provide VERB crl-15391 9 8 a a DET crl-15391 9 9 cer­ cer­ NOUN crl-15391 9 10 tain tain NOUN crl-15391 9 11 distinction distinction NOUN crl-15391 9 12 that that SCONJ crl-15391 9 13 administrators administrator NOUN crl-15391 9 14 and and CCONJ crl-15391 9 15 teaching teach VERB crl-15391 9 16 faculty faculty NOUN crl-15391 9 17 find find VERB crl-15391 9 18 irresistible irresistible ADJ crl-15391 9 19 . . PUNCT crl-15391 10 1 al­ al­ PROPN crl-15391 10 2 though though SCONJ crl-15391 10 3 a a DET crl-15391 10 4 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 10 5 is be AUX crl-15391 10 6 not not PART crl-15391 10 7 required require VERB crl-15391 10 8 for for ADP crl-15391 10 9 most most ADJ crl-15391 10 10 librarian librarian ADJ crl-15391 10 11 positions position NOUN crl-15391 10 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 10 13 and and CCONJ crl-15391 10 14 despite despite SCONJ crl-15391 10 15 its its PRON crl-15391 10 16 lack lack NOUN crl-15391 10 17 of of ADP crl-15391 10 18 relevance relevance NOUN crl-15391 10 19 to to ADP crl-15391 10 20 the the DET crl-15391 10 21 administrative administrative ADJ crl-15391 10 22 work work NOUN crl-15391 10 23 of of ADP crl-15391 10 24 a a DET crl-15391 10 25 library library NOUN crl-15391 10 26 director director NOUN crl-15391 10 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 10 28 most most ADJ crl-15391 10 29 institu­ institu­ NUM crl-15391 10 30 tions tion NOUN crl-15391 10 31 desire desire NOUN crl-15391 10 32 , , PUNCT crl-15391 10 33 and and CCONJ crl-15391 10 34 some some DET crl-15391 10 35 require require VERB crl-15391 10 36 , , PUNCT crl-15391 10 37 that that SCONJ crl-15391 10 38 the the DET crl-15391 10 39 director director NOUN crl-15391 10 40 hold hold VERB crl-15391 10 41 a a DET crl-15391 10 42 doctorate.2 doctorate.2 PROPN crl-15391 10 43 through through ADP crl-15391 10 44 the the DET crl-15391 10 45 years year NOUN crl-15391 10 46 , , PUNCT crl-15391 10 47 researchers researcher NOUN crl-15391 10 48 have have AUX crl-15391 10 49 explored explore VERB crl-15391 10 50 the the DET crl-15391 10 51 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 10 52 background background NOUN crl-15391 10 53 of of ADP crl-15391 10 54 directors director NOUN crl-15391 10 55 at at ADP crl-15391 10 56 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 10 57 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 10 58 , , PUNCT crl-15391 10 59 and and CCONJ crl-15391 10 60 many many ADJ crl-15391 10 61 con­ con­ NOUN crl-15391 10 62 clusions clusion NOUN crl-15391 10 63 can can AUX crl-15391 10 64 be be AUX crl-15391 10 65 drawn draw VERB crl-15391 10 66 from from ADP crl-15391 10 67 these these DET crl-15391 10 68 results result NOUN crl-15391 10 69 . . PUNCT crl-15391 11 1 a a DET crl-15391 11 2 few few ADJ crl-15391 11 3 studies study NOUN crl-15391 11 4 have have AUX crl-15391 11 5 attempted attempt VERB crl-15391 11 6 to to PART crl-15391 11 7 compare compare VERB crl-15391 11 8 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 11 9 and and CCONJ crl-15391 11 10 non non ADJ crl-15391 11 11 - - ADJ crl-15391 11 12 arl arl ADJ crl-15391 11 13 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 11 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 11 15 but but CCONJ crl-15391 11 16 prob­ prob­ PROPN crl-15391 11 17 lems lem NOUN crl-15391 11 18 in in ADP crl-15391 11 19 methodology methodology NOUN crl-15391 11 20 have have AUX crl-15391 11 21 prevented prevent VERB crl-15391 11 22 comparable comparable ADJ crl-15391 11 23 results result NOUN crl-15391 11 24 . . PUNCT crl-15391 12 1 smaller small ADJ crl-15391 12 2 research research NOUN crl-15391 12 3 projects project NOUN crl-15391 12 4 have have AUX crl-15391 12 5 described describe VERB crl-15391 12 6 the the DET crl-15391 12 7 backgrounds background NOUN crl-15391 12 8 of of ADP crl-15391 12 9 library library NOUN crl-15391 12 10 directors director NOUN crl-15391 12 11 in in ADP crl-15391 12 12 regional regional ADJ crl-15391 12 13 settings setting NOUN crl-15391 12 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 12 15 and and CCONJ crl-15391 12 16 other other ADJ crl-15391 12 17 authors author NOUN crl-15391 12 18 have have AUX crl-15391 12 19 analyzed analyze VERB crl-15391 12 20 the the DET crl-15391 12 21 na­ na­ NOUN crl-15391 12 22 ture ture NOUN crl-15391 12 23 of of ADP crl-15391 12 24 the the DET crl-15391 12 25 library library NOUN crl-15391 12 26 director director NOUN crl-15391 12 27 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 12 28 work work NOUN crl-15391 12 29 envi­ envi­ VERB crl-15391 12 30 ronment ronment NOUN crl-15391 12 31 in in ADP crl-15391 12 32 small small ADJ crl-15391 12 33 college college NOUN crl-15391 12 34 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 12 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 12 36 par­ par­ NOUN crl-15391 12 37 ticularly ticularly ADV crl-15391 12 38 in in ADP crl-15391 12 39 relation relation NOUN crl-15391 12 40 to to ADP crl-15391 12 41 large large ADJ crl-15391 12 42 research research NOUN crl-15391 12 43 in­ in­ PROPN crl-15391 12 44 stitutions.3 stitutions.3 PROPN crl-15391 12 45 , , PUNCT crl-15391 12 46 4 4 NUM crl-15391 12 47 julie julie PROPN crl-15391 12 48 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 12 49 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 12 50 recent recent ADJ crl-15391 12 51 study study NOUN crl-15391 12 52 looked look VERB crl-15391 12 53 at at ADP crl-15391 12 54 the the DET crl-15391 12 55 first first ADJ crl-15391 12 56 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 12 57 held hold VERB crl-15391 12 58 by by ADP crl-15391 12 59 small small ADJ crl-15391 12 60 college college NOUN crl-15391 12 61 directors director NOUN crl-15391 12 62 in in ADP crl-15391 12 63 the the DET crl-15391 12 64 midwest.5 midwest.5 NOUN crl-15391 12 65 however however ADV crl-15391 12 66 , , PUNCT crl-15391 12 67 75 75 NUM crl-15391 12 68 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 12 69 of of ADP crl-15391 12 70 her her PRON crl-15391 12 71 respondents respondent NOUN crl-15391 12 72 were be AUX crl-15391 12 73 from from ADP crl-15391 12 74 less less ADV crl-15391 12 75 - - PUNCT crl-15391 12 76 selective selective ADJ crl-15391 12 77 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 12 78 ii ii PROPN crl-15391 12 79 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 12 80 . . PUNCT crl-15391 13 1 few few ADJ crl-15391 13 2 researchers researcher NOUN crl-15391 13 3 have have VERB crl-15391 13 4 ex­ ex­ NOUN crl-15391 13 5 plored plore VERB crl-15391 13 6 the the DET crl-15391 13 7 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 13 8 of of ADP crl-15391 13 9 the the DET crl-15391 13 10 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 13 11 among among ADP crl-15391 13 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 13 13 at at ADP crl-15391 13 14 small small ADJ crl-15391 13 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 13 16 selective selective ADJ crl-15391 13 17 colpeter colpeter NOUN crl-15391 13 18 mccracken mccracken NOUN crl-15391 13 19 is be AUX crl-15391 13 20 coordinator coordinator NOUN crl-15391 13 21 for for ADP crl-15391 13 22 reference reference NOUN crl-15391 13 23 services service NOUN crl-15391 13 24 in in ADP crl-15391 13 25 odegaard odegaard ADJ crl-15391 13 26 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-15391 13 27 library library NOUN crl-15391 13 28 at at ADP crl-15391 13 29 the the DET crl-15391 13 30 uni­ uni­ ADJ crl-15391 13 31 versity versity NOUN crl-15391 13 32 of of ADP crl-15391 13 33 washington washington PROPN crl-15391 13 34 ; ; PUNCT crl-15391 13 35 e e X crl-15391 13 36 - - NOUN crl-15391 13 37 mail mail NOUN crl-15391 13 38 : : PUNCT crl-15391 13 39 petermcc@u.washington.edu petermcc@u.washington.edu PROPN crl-15391 13 40 . . PUNCT crl-15391 14 1 400 400 NUM crl-15391 14 2 mailto:petermcc@u.washington.edu mailto:petermcc@u.washington.edu NOUN crl-15391 14 3 http http NOUN crl-15391 14 4 : : PUNCT crl-15391 14 5 doctorates.1a doctorates.1a VERB crl-15391 14 6 the the DET crl-15391 14 7 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 14 8 of of ADP crl-15391 14 9 the the DET crl-15391 14 10 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 14 11 among among ADP crl-15391 14 12 small small ADJ crl-15391 14 13 college college NOUN crl-15391 14 14 library library NOUN crl-15391 14 15 directors director NOUN crl-15391 14 16 401 401 NUM crl-15391 14 17 leges lex NOUN crl-15391 14 18 . . PUNCT crl-15391 15 1 this this DET crl-15391 15 2 study study NOUN crl-15391 15 3 aims aim VERB crl-15391 15 4 to to PART crl-15391 15 5 fill fill VERB crl-15391 15 6 that that DET crl-15391 15 7 void void NOUN crl-15391 15 8 and and CCONJ crl-15391 15 9 to to PART crl-15391 15 10 shed shed VERB crl-15391 15 11 light light NOUN crl-15391 15 12 on on ADP crl-15391 15 13 the the DET crl-15391 15 14 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 15 15 and and CCONJ crl-15391 15 16 impact impact NOUN crl-15391 15 17 of of ADP crl-15391 15 18 the the DET crl-15391 15 19 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 15 20 among among ADP crl-15391 15 21 small small ADJ crl-15391 15 22 college college NOUN crl-15391 15 23 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 15 24 brarians brarian VERB crl-15391 15 25 . . PUNCT crl-15391 16 1 this this DET crl-15391 16 2 research research NOUN crl-15391 16 3 found find VERB crl-15391 16 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 16 5 20 20 NUM crl-15391 16 6 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 16 7 of of ADP crl-15391 16 8 library library NOUN crl-15391 16 9 directors director NOUN crl-15391 16 10 at at ADP crl-15391 16 11 small small ADJ crl-15391 16 12 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 16 13 hold hold VERB crl-15391 16 14 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 16 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 16 16 and and CCONJ crl-15391 16 17 an an DET crl-15391 16 18 additional additional ADJ crl-15391 16 19 40 40 NUM crl-15391 16 20 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 16 21 hold hold VERB crl-15391 16 22 second second ADJ crl-15391 16 23 master master PROPN crl-15391 16 24 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 16 25 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 16 26 . . PUNCT crl-15391 17 1 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 17 2 holding hold VERB crl-15391 17 3 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 17 4 do do AUX crl-15391 17 5 not not PART crl-15391 17 6 direct direct VERB crl-15391 17 7 signifi­ signifi­ NOUN crl-15391 17 8 cantly cantly ADV crl-15391 17 9 larger large ADJ crl-15391 17 10 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 17 11 in in ADP crl-15391 17 12 terms term NOUN crl-15391 17 13 of of ADP crl-15391 17 14 either either DET crl-15391 17 15 volumes volume NOUN crl-15391 17 16 of of ADP crl-15391 17 17 books book NOUN crl-15391 17 18 or or CCONJ crl-15391 17 19 size size NOUN crl-15391 17 20 of of ADP crl-15391 17 21 budget budget NOUN crl-15391 17 22 . . PUNCT crl-15391 18 1 com­ com­ PROPN crl-15391 18 2 plete plete PROPN crl-15391 18 3 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-15391 18 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 18 5 based base VERB crl-15391 18 6 on on ADP crl-15391 18 7 integrated integrate VERB crl-15391 18 8 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-15391 18 9 education education NOUN crl-15391 18 10 data data NOUN crl-15391 18 11 system system NOUN crl-15391 18 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 18 13 ipeds iped NOUN crl-15391 18 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 18 15 data datum NOUN crl-15391 18 16 and and CCONJ crl-15391 18 17 biographical biographical ADJ crl-15391 18 18 data datum NOUN crl-15391 18 19 for for ADP crl-15391 18 20 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 18 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 18 22 contrast contrast VERB crl-15391 18 23 these these DET crl-15391 18 24 numbers number NOUN crl-15391 18 25 by by ADP crl-15391 18 26 gen­ gen­ NOUN crl-15391 18 27 der der NOUN crl-15391 18 28 , , PUNCT crl-15391 18 29 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 18 30 background background NOUN crl-15391 18 31 , , PUNCT crl-15391 18 32 and and CCONJ crl-15391 18 33 school school NOUN crl-15391 18 34 data datum NOUN crl-15391 18 35 . . PUNCT crl-15391 19 1 review review NOUN crl-15391 19 2 of of ADP crl-15391 19 3 the the DET crl-15391 19 4 literature literature NOUN crl-15391 19 5 about about ADV crl-15391 19 6 half half DET crl-15391 19 7 a a DET crl-15391 19 8 dozen dozen NOUN crl-15391 19 9 articles article NOUN crl-15391 19 10 on on ADP crl-15391 19 11 the the DET crl-15391 19 12 changes change NOUN crl-15391 19 13 in in ADP crl-15391 19 14 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 19 15 library library PROPN crl-15391 19 16 directorships directorship NOUN crl-15391 19 17 have have AUX crl-15391 19 18 been be AUX crl-15391 19 19 published publish VERB crl-15391 19 20 in in ADP crl-15391 19 21 the the DET crl-15391 19 22 past past ADJ crl-15391 19 23 two two NUM crl-15391 19 24 decades decade NOUN crl-15391 19 25 . . PUNCT crl-15391 20 1 how­ how­ X crl-15391 20 2 ever ever ADV crl-15391 20 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 20 4 none none NOUN crl-15391 20 5 have have AUX crl-15391 20 6 studied study VERB crl-15391 20 7 these these DET crl-15391 20 8 changes change NOUN crl-15391 20 9 in in ADP crl-15391 20 10 small small ADJ crl-15391 20 11 college college NOUN crl-15391 20 12 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 20 13 ; ; PUNCT crl-15391 20 14 only only ADV crl-15391 20 15 one one NUM crl-15391 20 16 compared compare VERB crl-15391 20 17 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 20 18 statistics statistic NOUN crl-15391 20 19 directly directly ADV crl-15391 20 20 with with ADP crl-15391 20 21 non non ADJ crl-15391 20 22 - - ADJ crl-15391 20 23 arl arl ADJ crl-15391 20 24 uni­ uni­ PROPN crl-15391 20 25 versities versitie NOUN crl-15391 20 26 . . PUNCT crl-15391 21 1 john john PROPN crl-15391 21 2 caldwell caldwell PROPN crl-15391 21 3 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 21 4 1962 1962 NUM crl-15391 21 5 study study NOUN crl-15391 21 6 of of ADP crl-15391 21 7 library library NOUN crl-15391 21 8 directors director NOUN crl-15391 21 9 by by ADP crl-15391 21 10 library library NOUN crl-15391 21 11 size size NOUN crl-15391 21 12 found find VERB crl-15391 21 13 that that SCONJ crl-15391 21 14 even even ADV crl-15391 21 15 among among ADP crl-15391 21 16 the the DET crl-15391 21 17 smallest small ADJ crl-15391 21 18 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 21 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 21 20 some some DET crl-15391 21 21 directors director NOUN crl-15391 21 22 possessed possess VERB crl-15391 21 23 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 21 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 21 25 although although SCONJ crl-15391 21 26 most most ADJ crl-15391 21 27 were be AUX crl-15391 21 28 in in ADP crl-15391 21 29 subjects subject NOUN crl-15391 21 30 other other ADJ crl-15391 21 31 than than ADP crl-15391 21 32 library library PROPN crl-15391 21 33 science.6 science.6 PROPN crl-15391 21 34 arthur arthur PROPN crl-15391 21 35 m. m. PROPN crl-15391 21 36 mcanally mcanally ADV crl-15391 21 37 and and CCONJ crl-15391 21 38 robert robert PROPN crl-15391 21 39 b. b. PROPN crl-15391 21 40 downs downs PROPN crl-15391 21 41 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 21 42 seminal seminal ADJ crl-15391 21 43 article article NOUN crl-15391 21 44 on on ADP crl-15391 21 45 the the DET crl-15391 21 46 demands demand NOUN crl-15391 21 47 of of ADP crl-15391 21 48 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-15391 21 49 on on ADP crl-15391 21 50 directors director NOUN crl-15391 21 51 first first ADV crl-15391 21 52 identi­ identi­ AUX crl-15391 21 53 fied fie VERB crl-15391 21 54 many many ADJ crl-15391 21 55 of of ADP crl-15391 21 56 the the DET crl-15391 21 57 changes change NOUN crl-15391 21 58 that that PRON crl-15391 21 59 were be AUX crl-15391 21 60 tak­ tak­ ADV crl-15391 21 61 ing ing ADJ crl-15391 21 62 place.7 place.7 NOUN crl-15391 21 63 one one NUM crl-15391 21 64 item item NOUN crl-15391 21 65 most most ADV crl-15391 21 66 commonly commonly ADV crl-15391 21 67 noted note VERB crl-15391 21 68 was be AUX crl-15391 21 69 the the DET crl-15391 21 70 expected expected ADJ crl-15391 21 71 shortening shortening NOUN crl-15391 21 72 of of ADP crl-15391 21 73 ten­ ten­ PROPN crl-15391 21 74 ure ure NOUN crl-15391 21 75 for for ADP crl-15391 21 76 library library NOUN crl-15391 21 77 directors director NOUN crl-15391 21 78 , , PUNCT crl-15391 21 79 primarily primarily ADV crl-15391 21 80 due due ADP crl-15391 21 81 to to ADP crl-15391 21 82 the the DET crl-15391 21 83 expansion expansion NOUN crl-15391 21 84 of of ADP crl-15391 21 85 pressures pressure NOUN crl-15391 21 86 on on ADP crl-15391 21 87 the the DET crl-15391 21 88 direc­ direc­ ADJ crl-15391 21 89 tor tor NOUN crl-15391 21 90 . . PUNCT crl-15391 22 1 in in ADP crl-15391 22 2 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-15391 22 3 among among ADP crl-15391 22 4 like like ADJ crl-15391 22 5 - - PUNCT crl-15391 22 6 sized sized ADJ crl-15391 22 7 in­ in­ NOUN crl-15391 22 8 stitutions stitution NOUN crl-15391 22 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 22 10 mcanally mcanally ADJ crl-15391 22 11 and and CCONJ crl-15391 22 12 downs down NOUN crl-15391 22 13 deter­ deter­ VERB crl-15391 22 14 mined mine VERB crl-15391 22 15 that that SCONJ crl-15391 22 16 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 22 17 oddly oddly ADV crl-15391 22 18 , , PUNCT crl-15391 22 19 the the DET crl-15391 22 20 chief chief ADJ crl-15391 22 21 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 22 22 of of ADP crl-15391 22 23 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 22 24 and and CCONJ crl-15391 22 25 junior junior ADJ crl-15391 22 26 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 22 27 do do AUX crl-15391 22 28 not not PART crl-15391 22 29 appear appear VERB crl-15391 22 30 to to PART crl-15391 22 31 be be AUX crl-15391 22 32 affected affect VERB crl-15391 22 33 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 22 34 by by ADP crl-15391 22 35 these these DET crl-15391 22 36 dramatic dramatic ADJ crl-15391 22 37 changes change NOUN crl-15391 22 38 in in ADP crl-15391 22 39 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 22 40 lengths length NOUN crl-15391 22 41 . . PUNCT crl-15391 23 1 this this DET crl-15391 23 2 topic topic NOUN crl-15391 23 3 has have AUX crl-15391 23 4 been be AUX crl-15391 23 5 de­ de­ AUX crl-15391 23 6 bated bate VERB crl-15391 23 7 by by ADP crl-15391 23 8 others other NOUN crl-15391 23 9 and and CCONJ crl-15391 23 10 interpreted interpret VERB crl-15391 23 11 in in ADP crl-15391 23 12 sev­ sev­ PROPN crl-15391 23 13 eral eral ADJ crl-15391 23 14 different different ADJ crl-15391 23 15 ways way NOUN crl-15391 23 16 in in ADP crl-15391 23 17 follow follow NOUN crl-15391 23 18 - - PUNCT crl-15391 23 19 up up ADP crl-15391 23 20 surveys survey NOUN crl-15391 23 21 . . PUNCT crl-15391 24 1 william william PROPN crl-15391 24 2 l. l. PROPN crl-15391 24 3 cohn cohn PROPN crl-15391 24 4 also also ADV crl-15391 24 5 cited cite VERB crl-15391 24 6 the the DET crl-15391 24 7 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 24 8 appar­ appar­ ADJ crl-15391 24 9 ently ently ADV crl-15391 24 10 rapid rapid ADJ crl-15391 24 11 turnover turnover NOUN crl-15391 24 12 in in ADP crl-15391 24 13 leadership leadership NOUN crl-15391 24 14 at at ADP crl-15391 24 15 our our PRON crl-15391 24 16 largest large ADJ crl-15391 24 17 and and CCONJ crl-15391 24 18 most most ADV crl-15391 24 19 prestigious prestigious ADJ crl-15391 24 20 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 24 21 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 24 22 braries brarie NOUN crl-15391 24 23 , , PUNCT crl-15391 24 24 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 24 25 but but CCONJ crl-15391 24 26 his his PRON crl-15391 24 27 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-15391 24 28 has have VERB crl-15391 24 29 yet yet ADV crl-15391 24 30 to to PART crl-15391 24 31 be be AUX crl-15391 24 32 applied apply VERB crl-15391 24 33 systematically systematically ADV crl-15391 24 34 to to ADP crl-15391 24 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 24 36 or or CCONJ crl-15391 24 37 analyzed analyze VERB crl-15391 24 38 in in ADV crl-15391 24 39 , , PUNCT crl-15391 24 40 small small ADJ crl-15391 24 41 college college NOUN crl-15391 24 42 settings.8 settings.8 PROPN crl-15391 24 43 cohn cohn PROPN crl-15391 24 44 compiled compile VERB crl-15391 24 45 a a DET crl-15391 24 46 series series NOUN crl-15391 24 47 of of ADP crl-15391 24 48 complex complex ADJ crl-15391 24 49 tables table NOUN crl-15391 24 50 reflecting reflect VERB crl-15391 24 51 the the DET crl-15391 24 52 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 24 53 held hold VERB crl-15391 24 54 by by ADP crl-15391 24 55 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 24 56 directors director NOUN crl-15391 24 57 between between ADP crl-15391 24 58 1933 1933 NUM crl-15391 24 59 and and CCONJ crl-15391 24 60 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 24 61 . . PUNCT crl-15391 25 1 by by ADP crl-15391 25 2 selecting select VERB crl-15391 25 3 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 25 4 that that PRON crl-15391 25 5 were be AUX crl-15391 25 6 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 25 7 members member NOUN crl-15391 25 8 in in ADP crl-15391 25 9 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 25 10 and and CCONJ crl-15391 25 11 com­ com­ PROPN crl-15391 25 12 paring pare VERB crl-15391 25 13 their their PRON crl-15391 25 14 library library NOUN crl-15391 25 15 directors director NOUN crl-15391 25 16 over over ADP crl-15391 25 17 the the DET crl-15391 25 18 pre­ pre­ NOUN crl-15391 25 19 vious vious ADJ crl-15391 25 20 four four NUM crl-15391 25 21 decades decade NOUN crl-15391 25 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 25 23 he he PRON crl-15391 25 24 determined determine VERB crl-15391 25 25 that that SCONJ crl-15391 25 26 there there PRON crl-15391 25 27 was be VERB crl-15391 25 28 no no DET crl-15391 25 29 dramatic dramatic ADJ crl-15391 25 30 increase increase NOUN crl-15391 25 31 in in ADP crl-15391 25 32 the the DET crl-15391 25 33 number number NOUN crl-15391 25 34 of of ADP crl-15391 25 35 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 25 36 held hold VERB crl-15391 25 37 by by ADP crl-15391 25 38 these these DET crl-15391 25 39 direc­ direc­ ADJ crl-15391 25 40 tors tor NOUN crl-15391 25 41 between between ADP crl-15391 25 42 1933 1933 NUM crl-15391 25 43 and and CCONJ crl-15391 25 44 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 25 45 . . PUNCT crl-15391 26 1 this this DET crl-15391 26 2 result result NOUN crl-15391 26 3 is be AUX crl-15391 26 4 particularly particularly ADV crl-15391 26 5 interesting interesting ADJ crl-15391 26 6 in in ADP crl-15391 26 7 light light NOUN crl-15391 26 8 of of ADP crl-15391 26 9 the the DET crl-15391 26 10 fact fact NOUN crl-15391 26 11 that that SCONJ crl-15391 26 12 only only ADV crl-15391 26 13 forty forty NUM crl-15391 26 14 - - PUNCT crl-15391 26 15 three three NUM crl-15391 26 16 of of ADP crl-15391 26 17 the the DET crl-15391 26 18 seventy seventy NUM crl-15391 26 19 - - PUNCT crl-15391 26 20 four four NUM crl-15391 26 21 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 26 22 he he PRON crl-15391 26 23 studied study VERB crl-15391 26 24 were be AUX crl-15391 26 25 members member NOUN crl-15391 26 26 of of ADP crl-15391 26 27 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 26 28 through through ADP crl-15391 26 29 that that DET crl-15391 26 30 entire entire ADJ crl-15391 26 31 time time NOUN crl-15391 26 32 period period NOUN crl-15391 26 33 . . PUNCT crl-15391 27 1 university university NOUN crl-15391 27 2 administrators administrator NOUN crl-15391 27 3 presumably presumably ADV crl-15391 27 4 had have VERB crl-15391 27 5 an an DET crl-15391 27 6 interest interest NOUN crl-15391 27 7 in in ADP crl-15391 27 8 increasing increase VERB crl-15391 27 9 institutional institutional ADJ crl-15391 27 10 respect respect NOUN crl-15391 27 11 through through ADP crl-15391 27 12 achievements achievement NOUN crl-15391 27 13 such such ADJ crl-15391 27 14 as as ADP crl-15391 27 15 arl arl NOUN crl-15391 27 16 membership membership NOUN crl-15391 27 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 27 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 27 19 the the DET crl-15391 27 20 evidence evidence NOUN crl-15391 27 21 sug­ sug­ NOUN crl-15391 27 22 gests gest NOUN crl-15391 27 23 that that SCONJ crl-15391 27 24 they they PRON crl-15391 27 25 felt feel VERB crl-15391 27 26 a a DET crl-15391 27 27 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 27 28 was be AUX crl-15391 27 29 not not PART crl-15391 27 30 a a DET crl-15391 27 31 necessary necessary ADJ crl-15391 27 32 requirement requirement NOUN crl-15391 27 33 for for ADP crl-15391 27 34 the the DET crl-15391 27 35 directors director NOUN crl-15391 27 36 they they PRON crl-15391 27 37 selected select VERB crl-15391 27 38 to to PART crl-15391 27 39 take take VERB crl-15391 27 40 them they PRON crl-15391 27 41 to to ADP crl-15391 27 42 those those DET crl-15391 27 43 higher high ADJ crl-15391 27 44 plateaus plateau NOUN crl-15391 27 45 . . PUNCT crl-15391 28 1 however however ADV crl-15391 28 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 28 3 cohn cohn PROPN crl-15391 28 4 did do AUX crl-15391 28 5 show show VERB crl-15391 28 6 that that SCONJ crl-15391 28 7 some some DET crl-15391 28 8 form form NOUN crl-15391 28 9 of of ADP crl-15391 28 10 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 28 11 professional professional ADJ crl-15391 28 12 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 28 13 training training NOUN crl-15391 28 14 became become VERB crl-15391 28 15 one one NUM crl-15391 28 16 requirement requirement NOUN crl-15391 28 17 for for ADP crl-15391 28 18 these these DET crl-15391 28 19 newly newly ADV crl-15391 28 20 ap­ ap­ NOUN crl-15391 28 21 pointed point VERB crl-15391 28 22 directors director NOUN crl-15391 28 23 . . PUNCT crl-15391 29 1 in in ADP crl-15391 29 2 1933 1933 NUM crl-15391 29 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 29 4 more more ADJ crl-15391 29 5 than than ADP crl-15391 29 6 60 60 NUM crl-15391 29 7 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 29 8 of of ADP crl-15391 29 9 the the DET crl-15391 29 10 library library NOUN crl-15391 29 11 directors director NOUN crl-15391 29 12 did do AUX crl-15391 29 13 not not PART crl-15391 29 14 have have VERB crl-15391 29 15 professional professional ADJ crl-15391 29 16 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 29 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 29 18 but but CCONJ crl-15391 29 19 by by ADP crl-15391 29 20 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 29 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 29 22 that that DET crl-15391 29 23 percentage percentage NOUN crl-15391 29 24 was be AUX crl-15391 29 25 cut cut VERB crl-15391 29 26 in in ADP crl-15391 29 27 half half NOUN crl-15391 29 28 and and CCONJ crl-15391 29 29 was be AUX crl-15391 29 30 held hold VERB crl-15391 29 31 there there ADV crl-15391 29 32 primarily primarily ADV crl-15391 29 33 due due ADP crl-15391 29 34 to to ADP crl-15391 29 35 a a DET crl-15391 29 36 number number NOUN crl-15391 29 37 of of ADP crl-15391 29 38 incumbents incumbent NOUN crl-15391 29 39 who who PRON crl-15391 29 40 had have AUX crl-15391 29 41 received receive VERB crl-15391 29 42 director­ director­ PROPN crl-15391 29 43 ships ship NOUN crl-15391 29 44 without without ADP crl-15391 29 45 professional professional ADJ crl-15391 29 46 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 29 47 years year NOUN crl-15391 29 48 before before ADV crl-15391 29 49 . . PUNCT crl-15391 30 1 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-15391 30 2 the the DET crl-15391 30 3 most most ADV crl-15391 30 4 surprising surprising ADJ crl-15391 30 5 result result NOUN crl-15391 30 6 in in ADP crl-15391 30 7 cohn cohn PROPN crl-15391 30 8 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 30 9 study study NOUN crl-15391 30 10 is be AUX crl-15391 30 11 that that SCONJ crl-15391 30 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 30 13 despite despite SCONJ crl-15391 30 14 a a DET crl-15391 30 15 doubling doubling NOUN crl-15391 30 16 of of ADP crl-15391 30 17 the the DET crl-15391 30 18 number number NOUN crl-15391 30 19 of of ADP crl-15391 30 20 ph.d.s ph.d.s NOUN crl-15391 30 21 granted grant VERB crl-15391 30 22 in in ADP crl-15391 30 23 library library NOUN crl-15391 30 24 science science NOUN crl-15391 30 25 between between ADP crl-15391 30 26 1968 1968 NUM crl-15391 30 27 and and CCONJ crl-15391 30 28 1972 1972 NUM crl-15391 30 29 , , PUNCT crl-15391 30 30 the the DET crl-15391 30 31 num­ num­ PROPN crl-15391 30 32 ber ber NOUN crl-15391 30 33 of of ADP crl-15391 30 34 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 30 35 directors director NOUN crl-15391 30 36 with with ADP crl-15391 30 37 the the DET crl-15391 30 38 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 30 39 ac­ ac­ PROPN crl-15391 30 40 tually tually ADV crl-15391 30 41 declined decline VERB crl-15391 30 42 slightly slightly ADV crl-15391 30 43 between between ADP crl-15391 30 44 1933 1933 NUM crl-15391 30 45 and and CCONJ crl-15391 30 46 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 30 47 . . PUNCT crl-15391 31 1 this this PRON crl-15391 31 2 also also ADV crl-15391 31 3 was be AUX crl-15391 31 4 the the DET crl-15391 31 5 case case NOUN crl-15391 31 6 for for ADP crl-15391 31 7 ph.d.s ph.d.s NOUN crl-15391 31 8 in in ADP crl-15391 31 9 fields field NOUN crl-15391 31 10 other other ADJ crl-15391 31 11 than than ADP crl-15391 31 12 library library NOUN crl-15391 31 13 science science NOUN crl-15391 31 14 . . PUNCT crl-15391 32 1 in in ADP crl-15391 32 2 all all DET crl-15391 32 3 like­ like­ NOUN crl-15391 32 4 lihood lihood NOUN crl-15391 32 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 32 6 those those PRON crl-15391 32 7 having having AUX crl-15391 32 8 recently recently ADV crl-15391 32 9 completed complete VERB crl-15391 32 10 the the DET crl-15391 32 11 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 32 12 were be AUX crl-15391 32 13 not not PART crl-15391 32 14 yet yet ADV crl-15391 32 15 in in ADP crl-15391 32 16 positions position NOUN crl-15391 32 17 to to PART crl-15391 32 18 compete compete VERB crl-15391 32 19 for for ADP crl-15391 32 20 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 32 21 directorships directorship NOUN crl-15391 32 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 32 23 but but CCONJ crl-15391 32 24 in in ADP crl-15391 32 25 fact fact NOUN crl-15391 32 26 other other ADJ crl-15391 32 27 studies study NOUN crl-15391 32 28 have have AUX crl-15391 32 29 shown show VERB crl-15391 32 30 that that SCONJ crl-15391 32 31 this this DET crl-15391 32 32 trend trend NOUN crl-15391 32 33 has have AUX crl-15391 32 34 continued continue VERB crl-15391 32 35 . . PUNCT crl-15391 33 1 jerry jerry PROPN crl-15391 33 2 l. l. PROPN crl-15391 33 3 parsons parson NOUN crl-15391 33 4 analyzed analyze VERB crl-15391 33 5 the the DET crl-15391 33 6 differ­ differ­ VERB crl-15391 33 7 ences ence NOUN crl-15391 33 8 in in ADP crl-15391 33 9 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 33 10 backgrounds background NOUN crl-15391 33 11 be­ be­ PROPN crl-15391 33 12 tween tween NOUN crl-15391 33 13 directors director NOUN crl-15391 33 14 of of ADP crl-15391 33 15 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 33 16 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 33 17 in in ADP crl-15391 33 18 1958 1958 NUM crl-15391 33 19 and and CCONJ crl-15391 33 20 1973.9 1973.9 NUM crl-15391 33 21 he he PRON crl-15391 33 22 found find VERB crl-15391 33 23 that that SCONJ crl-15391 33 24 in in ADP crl-15391 33 25 1958 1958 NUM crl-15391 33 26 , , PUNCT crl-15391 33 27 more more ADJ crl-15391 33 28 than than ADP crl-15391 33 29 half half DET crl-15391 33 30 the the DET crl-15391 33 31 directors director NOUN crl-15391 33 32 held hold VERB crl-15391 33 33 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 33 34 , , PUNCT crl-15391 33 35 although although SCONJ crl-15391 33 36 only only ADV crl-15391 33 37 twelve twelve NUM crl-15391 33 38 of of ADP crl-15391 33 39 the the DET crl-15391 33 40 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 33 41 , , PUNCT crl-15391 33 42 or or CCONJ crl-15391 33 43 less less ADJ crl-15391 33 44 than than ADP crl-15391 33 45 half half ADJ crl-15391 33 46 , , PUNCT crl-15391 33 47 were be AUX crl-15391 33 48 in in ADP crl-15391 33 49 library library NOUN crl-15391 33 50 science science NOUN crl-15391 33 51 . . PUNCT crl-15391 34 1 in in ADP crl-15391 34 2 402 402 NUM crl-15391 34 3 college college PROPN crl-15391 34 4 & & CCONJ crl-15391 34 5 research research PROPN crl-15391 34 6 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 34 7 september september PROPN crl-15391 34 8 2000 2000 NUM crl-15391 34 9 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 34 10 , , PUNCT crl-15391 34 11 about about ADV crl-15391 34 12 30 30 NUM crl-15391 34 13 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 34 14 of of ADP crl-15391 34 15 the the DET crl-15391 34 16 directors director NOUN crl-15391 34 17 held hold VERB crl-15391 34 18 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 34 19 and and CCONJ crl-15391 34 20 , , PUNCT crl-15391 34 21 again again ADV crl-15391 34 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 34 23 less less ADJ crl-15391 34 24 than than ADP crl-15391 34 25 half half NOUN crl-15391 34 26 of of ADP crl-15391 34 27 the the DET crl-15391 34 28 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 34 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 34 30 eleven eleven NUM crl-15391 34 31 in in ADP crl-15391 34 32 all all PRON crl-15391 34 33 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 34 34 were be AUX crl-15391 34 35 in in ADP crl-15391 34 36 library library PROPN crl-15391 34 37 science science NOUN crl-15391 34 38 . . PUNCT crl-15391 35 1 the the DET crl-15391 35 2 number number NOUN crl-15391 35 3 of of ADP crl-15391 35 4 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 35 5 in in ADP crl-15391 35 6 each each DET crl-15391 35 7 year year NOUN crl-15391 35 8 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 35 9 study study NOUN crl-15391 35 10 grew grow VERB crl-15391 35 11 from from ADP crl-15391 35 12 forty forty NUM crl-15391 35 13 - - PUNCT crl-15391 35 14 two two NUM crl-15391 35 15 in in ADP crl-15391 35 16 1958 1958 NUM crl-15391 35 17 to to ADP crl-15391 35 18 seventy seventy NUM crl-15391 35 19 - - PUNCT crl-15391 35 20 eight eight NUM crl-15391 35 21 in in ADP crl-15391 35 22 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 35 23 . . PUNCT crl-15391 36 1 parsons parson NOUN crl-15391 36 2 was be AUX crl-15391 36 3 surprised surprised ADJ crl-15391 36 4 to to PART crl-15391 36 5 discover discover VERB crl-15391 36 6 that that PRON crl-15391 36 7 of of ADP crl-15391 36 8 the the DET crl-15391 36 9 thirtyeight thirtyeight ADJ crl-15391 36 10 directors director NOUN crl-15391 36 11 in in ADP crl-15391 36 12 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 36 13 who who PRON crl-15391 36 14 held hold VERB crl-15391 36 15 a a DET crl-15391 36 16 master master NOUN crl-15391 36 17 ’s ’s NUM crl-15391 36 18 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 36 19 in in ADP crl-15391 36 20 library library NOUN crl-15391 36 21 science science NOUN crl-15391 36 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 36 23 only only ADV crl-15391 36 24 six six NUM crl-15391 36 25 held hold VERB crl-15391 36 26 a a DET crl-15391 36 27 second second ADJ crl-15391 36 28 master master NOUN crl-15391 36 29 ’s ’s PRON crl-15391 36 30 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 36 31 . . PUNCT crl-15391 37 1 ronald ronald PROPN crl-15391 37 2 dale dale PROPN crl-15391 37 3 karr karr PROPN crl-15391 37 4 compared compare VERB crl-15391 37 5 another another DET crl-15391 37 6 fifteen fifteen NUM crl-15391 37 7 - - PUNCT crl-15391 37 8 year year NOUN crl-15391 37 9 span span NOUN crl-15391 37 10 in in ADP crl-15391 37 11 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 37 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 37 13 and and CCONJ crl-15391 37 14 found find VERB crl-15391 37 15 an an DET crl-15391 37 16 even even ADV crl-15391 37 17 greater great ADJ crl-15391 37 18 development development NOUN crl-15391 37 19 of of ADP crl-15391 37 20 professionalism professionalism NOUN crl-15391 37 21 . . PUNCT crl-15391 38 1 in in ADP crl-15391 38 2 1966 1966 NUM crl-15391 38 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 38 4 15 15 NUM crl-15391 38 5 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 38 6 of of ADP crl-15391 38 7 the the DET crl-15391 38 8 directors director NOUN crl-15391 38 9 did do AUX crl-15391 38 10 not not PART crl-15391 38 11 have have VERB crl-15391 38 12 library library NOUN crl-15391 38 13 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 38 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 38 15 but but CCONJ crl-15391 38 16 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 38 17 by by ADP crl-15391 38 18 1981 1981 NUM crl-15391 38 19 every every DET crl-15391 38 20 arl arl NOUN crl-15391 38 21 director director NOUN crl-15391 38 22 was be AUX crl-15391 38 23 a a DET crl-15391 38 24 gradu­ gradu­ NOUN crl-15391 38 25 ate eat VERB crl-15391 38 26 of of ADP crl-15391 38 27 a a DET crl-15391 38 28 certified certify VERB crl-15391 38 29 graduate graduate NOUN crl-15391 38 30 library library NOUN crl-15391 38 31 pro­ pro­ NOUN crl-15391 38 32 gram gram NOUN crl-15391 38 33 . . PUNCT crl-15391 38 34 ”10 ”10 PUNCT crl-15391 39 1 in in ADP crl-15391 39 2 contrast contrast NOUN crl-15391 39 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 39 4 karr karr PROPN crl-15391 39 5 identified identify VERB crl-15391 39 6 a a DET crl-15391 39 7 sur­ sur­ NOUN crl-15391 39 8 prising prise VERB crl-15391 39 9 drop drop NOUN crl-15391 39 10 in in ADP crl-15391 39 11 the the DET crl-15391 39 12 number number NOUN crl-15391 39 13 of of ADP crl-15391 39 14 directors director NOUN crl-15391 39 15 with with ADP crl-15391 39 16 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 39 17 — — PUNCT crl-15391 39 18 from from ADP crl-15391 39 19 nearly nearly ADV crl-15391 39 20 half half NOUN crl-15391 39 21 of of ADP crl-15391 39 22 the the DET crl-15391 39 23 directors director NOUN crl-15391 39 24 holding hold VERB crl-15391 39 25 some some DET crl-15391 39 26 form form NOUN crl-15391 39 27 of of ADP crl-15391 39 28 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 39 29 in in ADP crl-15391 39 30 1966 1966 NUM crl-15391 39 31 to to ADP crl-15391 39 32 only only ADV crl-15391 39 33 a a DET crl-15391 39 34 third third NOUN crl-15391 39 35 in in ADP crl-15391 39 36 1981 1981 NUM crl-15391 39 37 . . PUNCT crl-15391 40 1 he he PRON crl-15391 40 2 theo­ theo­ VERB crl-15391 40 3 rized rize VERB crl-15391 40 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 40 5 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 40 6 a a DET crl-15391 40 7 second second ADJ crl-15391 40 8 master master NOUN crl-15391 40 9 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 40 10 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 40 11 in in ADP crl-15391 40 12 a a DET crl-15391 40 13 subject subject ADJ crl-15391 40 14 area area NOUN crl-15391 40 15 had have AUX crl-15391 40 16 become become VERB crl-15391 40 17 an an DET crl-15391 40 18 acceptable acceptable ADJ crl-15391 40 19 substitution substitution NOUN crl-15391 40 20 for for ADP crl-15391 40 21 the the DET crl-15391 40 22 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 40 23 . . PUNCT crl-15391 41 1 ”11 ”11 NOUN crl-15391 41 2 a a DET crl-15391 41 3 more more ADV crl-15391 41 4 accurate accurate ADJ crl-15391 41 5 representation representation NOUN crl-15391 41 6 may may AUX crl-15391 41 7 be be AUX crl-15391 41 8 that that SCONJ crl-15391 41 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 41 10 for for ADP crl-15391 41 11 reasons reason NOUN crl-15391 41 12 other other ADJ crl-15391 41 13 than than ADP crl-15391 41 14 level level NOUN crl-15391 41 15 of of ADP crl-15391 41 16 education education NOUN crl-15391 41 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 41 18 li­ li­ PROPN crl-15391 41 19 brary brary ADJ crl-15391 41 20 directors director NOUN crl-15391 41 21 with with ADP crl-15391 41 22 second second ADJ crl-15391 41 23 master master NOUN crl-15391 41 24 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 41 25 de­ de­ VERB crl-15391 41 26 grees gree NOUN crl-15391 41 27 are be AUX crl-15391 41 28 the the DET crl-15391 41 29 more more ADV crl-15391 41 30 qualified qualified ADJ crl-15391 41 31 individuals individual NOUN crl-15391 41 32 , , PUNCT crl-15391 41 33 rather rather ADV crl-15391 41 34 than than ADP crl-15391 41 35 actually actually ADV crl-15391 41 36 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 41 37 acceptable acceptable ADJ crl-15391 41 38 substi­ substi­ ADP crl-15391 41 39 tutes tute NOUN crl-15391 41 40 . . PUNCT crl-15391 41 41 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 42 1 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-15391 42 2 the the DET crl-15391 42 3 library library NOUN crl-15391 42 4 directors director NOUN crl-15391 42 5 of of ADP crl-15391 42 6 1966 1966 NUM crl-15391 42 7 were be AUX crl-15391 42 8 trained train VERB crl-15391 42 9 in in ADP crl-15391 42 10 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 42 11 subjects subject NOUN crl-15391 42 12 and and CCONJ crl-15391 42 13 drawn draw VERB crl-15391 42 14 from from ADP crl-15391 42 15 the the DET crl-15391 42 16 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 42 17 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 42 18 teach­ teach­ NOUN crl-15391 42 19 ing ing NOUN crl-15391 42 20 faculty faculty NOUN crl-15391 42 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 42 22 whereas whereas SCONJ crl-15391 42 23 those those PRON crl-15391 42 24 of of ADP crl-15391 42 25 1981 1981 NUM crl-15391 42 26 received receive VERB crl-15391 42 27 training training NOUN crl-15391 42 28 in in ADP crl-15391 42 29 library library NOUN crl-15391 42 30 science science NOUN crl-15391 42 31 and and CCONJ crl-15391 42 32 were be AUX crl-15391 42 33 drawn draw VERB crl-15391 42 34 from from ADP crl-15391 42 35 other other ADJ crl-15391 42 36 professional professional ADJ crl-15391 42 37 positions position NOUN crl-15391 42 38 in in ADP crl-15391 42 39 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-15391 42 40 . . PUNCT crl-15391 43 1 another another DET crl-15391 43 2 interesting interesting ADJ crl-15391 43 3 sta­ sta­ NOUN crl-15391 43 4 tistic tistic NOUN crl-15391 43 5 identified identify VERB crl-15391 43 6 by by ADP crl-15391 43 7 karr karr PROPN crl-15391 43 8 is be AUX crl-15391 43 9 that that SCONJ crl-15391 43 10 nine nine NUM crl-15391 43 11 of of ADP crl-15391 43 12 the the DET crl-15391 43 13 eighty eighty NUM crl-15391 43 14 - - PUNCT crl-15391 43 15 three three NUM crl-15391 43 16 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 43 17 directors director NOUN crl-15391 43 18 in in ADP crl-15391 43 19 1966 1966 NUM crl-15391 43 20 , , PUNCT crl-15391 43 21 or or CCONJ crl-15391 43 22 11 11 NUM crl-15391 43 23 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 43 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 43 25 had have AUX crl-15391 43 26 received receive VERB crl-15391 43 27 bachelor bachelor NOUN crl-15391 43 28 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 43 29 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 43 30 from from ADP crl-15391 43 31 the the DET crl-15391 43 32 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 43 33 they they PRON crl-15391 43 34 were be AUX crl-15391 43 35 then then ADV crl-15391 43 36 di­ di­ PROPN crl-15391 43 37 recting recting NOUN crl-15391 43 38 . . PUNCT crl-15391 44 1 one one PRON crl-15391 44 2 might might AUX crl-15391 44 3 expect expect VERB crl-15391 44 4 this this DET crl-15391 44 5 statistic statistic NOUN crl-15391 44 6 to to PART crl-15391 44 7 be be AUX crl-15391 44 8 significantly significantly ADV crl-15391 44 9 more more ADV crl-15391 44 10 pronounced pronounced ADJ crl-15391 44 11 among among ADP crl-15391 44 12 small small ADJ crl-15391 44 13 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 44 14 . . PUNCT crl-15391 45 1 william william PROPN crl-15391 45 2 s. s. PROPN crl-15391 45 3 wong wong PROPN crl-15391 45 4 and and CCONJ crl-15391 45 5 david david PROPN crl-15391 45 6 s. s. PROPN crl-15391 45 7 zubatsky zubatsky PROPN crl-15391 45 8 were be AUX crl-15391 45 9 the the DET crl-15391 45 10 first first ADJ crl-15391 45 11 to to PART crl-15391 45 12 compare compare VERB crl-15391 45 13 arl arl NOUN crl-15391 45 14 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 45 15 statistics statistic NOUN crl-15391 45 16 with with ADP crl-15391 45 17 those those PRON crl-15391 45 18 in in ADP crl-15391 45 19 non non ADJ crl-15391 45 20 - - ADJ crl-15391 45 21 arl arl ADJ crl-15391 45 22 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 45 23 - - PUNCT crl-15391 45 24 granting grant VERB crl-15391 45 25 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 45 26 and and CCONJ crl-15391 45 27 univer­ univer­ ADP crl-15391 45 28 sities.12 sities.12 NOUN crl-15391 45 29 using use VERB crl-15391 45 30 a a DET crl-15391 45 31 two two NUM crl-15391 45 32 - - PUNCT crl-15391 45 33 page page NOUN crl-15391 45 34 questionnaire questionnaire NOUN crl-15391 45 35 and and CCONJ crl-15391 45 36 some some DET crl-15391 45 37 published publish VERB crl-15391 45 38 library library NOUN crl-15391 45 39 statistics statistic NOUN crl-15391 45 40 , , PUNCT crl-15391 45 41 wong wong PROPN crl-15391 45 42 and and CCONJ crl-15391 45 43 zubatsky zubatsky NOUN crl-15391 45 44 attempted attempt VERB crl-15391 45 45 to to ADP crl-15391 45 46 ascer­ ascer­ DET crl-15391 45 47 tain tain NOUN crl-15391 45 48 specific specific ADJ crl-15391 45 49 statistics statistic NOUN crl-15391 45 50 in in ADP crl-15391 45 51 non non ADJ crl-15391 45 52 - - ADJ crl-15391 45 53 arl arl ADJ crl-15391 45 54 univer­ univer­ ADJ crl-15391 45 55 sities sitie NOUN crl-15391 45 56 and and CCONJ crl-15391 45 57 then then ADV crl-15391 45 58 compare compare VERB crl-15391 45 59 them they PRON crl-15391 45 60 with with ADP crl-15391 45 61 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 45 62 universities university NOUN crl-15391 45 63 . . PUNCT crl-15391 46 1 their their PRON crl-15391 46 2 questions question NOUN crl-15391 46 3 on on ADP crl-15391 46 4 the the DET crl-15391 46 5 edu­ edu­ PROPN crl-15391 46 6 cational cational ADJ crl-15391 46 7 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 46 8 held hold VERB crl-15391 46 9 by by ADP crl-15391 46 10 directors director NOUN crl-15391 46 11 con­ con­ PROPN crl-15391 46 12 tained taine VERB crl-15391 46 13 what what PRON crl-15391 46 14 they they PRON crl-15391 46 15 termed term VERB crl-15391 46 16 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 46 17 a a DET crl-15391 46 18 slight slight ADJ crl-15391 46 19 ambi­ ambi­ NOUN crl-15391 46 20 guity guity NOUN crl-15391 46 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 46 22 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 46 23 which which PRON crl-15391 46 24 led lead VERB crl-15391 46 25 to to ADP crl-15391 46 26 some some DET crl-15391 46 27 respondents respondent NOUN crl-15391 46 28 indicating indicate VERB crl-15391 46 29 only only ADV crl-15391 46 30 their their PRON crl-15391 46 31 highest high ADJ crl-15391 46 32 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 46 33 re­ re­ PROPN crl-15391 46 34 ceived ceive VERB crl-15391 46 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 46 36 rather rather ADV crl-15391 46 37 than than ADP crl-15391 46 38 all all DET crl-15391 46 39 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 46 40 earned earn VERB crl-15391 46 41 to to ADP crl-15391 46 42 date date NOUN crl-15391 46 43 . . PUNCT crl-15391 47 1 the the DET crl-15391 47 2 result result NOUN crl-15391 47 3 was be AUX crl-15391 47 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 47 5 only only ADV crl-15391 47 6 half half NOUN crl-15391 47 7 of of ADP crl-15391 47 8 the the DET crl-15391 47 9 directors director NOUN crl-15391 47 10 stated state VERB crl-15391 47 11 that that SCONJ crl-15391 47 12 they they PRON crl-15391 47 13 held hold VERB crl-15391 47 14 an an DET crl-15391 47 15 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 47 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 47 17 raising raise VERB crl-15391 47 18 questions question NOUN crl-15391 47 19 about about ADP crl-15391 47 20 the the DET crl-15391 47 21 results result NOUN crl-15391 47 22 on on ADP crl-15391 47 23 this this DET crl-15391 47 24 section section NOUN crl-15391 47 25 of of ADP crl-15391 47 26 their their PRON crl-15391 47 27 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 47 28 . . PUNCT crl-15391 48 1 among among ADP crl-15391 48 2 small small ADJ crl-15391 48 3 college college NOUN crl-15391 48 4 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 48 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 6 results result NOUN crl-15391 48 7 from from ADP crl-15391 48 8 this this DET crl-15391 48 9 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 48 10 show show VERB crl-15391 48 11 clearly clearly ADV crl-15391 48 12 that that PRON crl-15391 48 13 librarians librarian VERB crl-15391 48 14 with with ADP crl-15391 48 15 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 48 16 do do AUX crl-15391 48 17 not not PART crl-15391 48 18 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 19 on on ADP crl-15391 48 20 average average ADJ crl-15391 48 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 22 direct direct ADJ crl-15391 48 23 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 48 24 with with ADP crl-15391 48 25 significantly significantly ADV crl-15391 48 26 more more ADJ crl-15391 48 27 students student NOUN crl-15391 48 28 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 29 vol­ vol­ NOUN crl-15391 48 30 umes ume NOUN crl-15391 48 31 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 32 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 48 33 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 34 staff staff NOUN crl-15391 48 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 48 36 or or CCONJ crl-15391 48 37 budgets budget NOUN crl-15391 48 38 . . PUNCT crl-15391 49 1 more more ADV crl-15391 49 2 recently recently ADV crl-15391 49 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 49 4 marcia marcia PROPN crl-15391 49 5 j. j. PROPN crl-15391 49 6 myers myers PROPN crl-15391 49 7 and and CCONJ crl-15391 49 8 paula paula PROPN crl-15391 49 9 t. t. PROPN crl-15391 49 10 kaufman kaufman PROPN crl-15391 49 11 compared compare VERB crl-15391 49 12 changes change NOUN crl-15391 49 13 among among ADP crl-15391 49 14 arl arl NOUN crl-15391 49 15 directors director NOUN crl-15391 49 16 between between ADP crl-15391 49 17 1970 1970 NUM crl-15391 49 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 49 19 1989.13 1989.13 NUM crl-15391 49 20 myers myer NOUN crl-15391 49 21 and and CCONJ crl-15391 49 22 kaufman kaufman PROPN crl-15391 49 23 believe believe VERB crl-15391 49 24 that that SCONJ crl-15391 49 25 their their PRON crl-15391 49 26 data datum NOUN crl-15391 49 27 supports support VERB crl-15391 49 28 karr karr PROPN crl-15391 49 29 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 49 30 suggestion suggestion NOUN crl-15391 49 31 of of ADP crl-15391 49 32 a a DET crl-15391 49 33 second second ADJ crl-15391 49 34 master master NOUN crl-15391 49 35 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 49 36 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 49 37 being be AUX crl-15391 49 38 an an DET crl-15391 49 39 accept­ accept­ NOUN crl-15391 49 40 able able ADJ crl-15391 49 41 substitute substitute NOUN crl-15391 49 42 for for ADP crl-15391 49 43 the the DET crl-15391 49 44 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 49 45 . . PUNCT crl-15391 50 1 again again ADV crl-15391 50 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 50 3 the the DET crl-15391 50 4 lack lack NOUN crl-15391 50 5 of of ADP crl-15391 50 6 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 50 7 among among ADP crl-15391 50 8 this this DET crl-15391 50 9 group group NOUN crl-15391 50 10 does do AUX crl-15391 50 11 not not PART crl-15391 50 12 confirm confirm VERB crl-15391 50 13 this this DET crl-15391 50 14 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN crl-15391 50 15 . . PUNCT crl-15391 51 1 a a DET crl-15391 51 2 study study NOUN crl-15391 51 3 ana­ ana­ NOUN crl-15391 51 4 lyzing lyze VERB crl-15391 51 5 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 51 6 backgrounds background NOUN crl-15391 51 7 of of ADP crl-15391 51 8 final final ADJ crl-15391 51 9 candidates candidate NOUN crl-15391 51 10 for for ADP crl-15391 51 11 directorships directorship NOUN crl-15391 51 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 51 13 comparing compare VERB crl-15391 51 14 the the DET crl-15391 51 15 backgrounds background NOUN crl-15391 51 16 of of ADP crl-15391 51 17 those those PRON crl-15391 51 18 offered offer VERB crl-15391 51 19 a a DET crl-15391 51 20 posi­ posi­ PROPN crl-15391 51 21 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 51 22 with with ADP crl-15391 51 23 those those PRON crl-15391 51 24 not not PART crl-15391 51 25 offered offer VERB crl-15391 51 26 a a DET crl-15391 51 27 position position NOUN crl-15391 51 28 , , PUNCT crl-15391 51 29 may may AUX crl-15391 51 30 begin begin VERB crl-15391 51 31 to to PART crl-15391 51 32 answer answer VERB crl-15391 51 33 this this DET crl-15391 51 34 question question NOUN crl-15391 51 35 . . PUNCT crl-15391 52 1 however however ADV crl-15391 52 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 52 3 without without ADP crl-15391 52 4 knowing know VERB crl-15391 52 5 the the DET crl-15391 52 6 pool pool NOUN crl-15391 52 7 from from ADP crl-15391 52 8 which which PRON crl-15391 52 9 can­ can­ NOUN crl-15391 52 10 didates didate NOUN crl-15391 52 11 were be AUX crl-15391 52 12 chosen choose VERB crl-15391 52 13 and and CCONJ crl-15391 52 14 the the DET crl-15391 52 15 reasons reason NOUN crl-15391 52 16 for for ADP crl-15391 52 17 those those DET crl-15391 52 18 selections selection NOUN crl-15391 52 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 52 20 one one PRON crl-15391 52 21 can can AUX crl-15391 52 22 not not PART crl-15391 52 23 determine determine VERB crl-15391 52 24 whether whether SCONJ crl-15391 52 25 the the DET crl-15391 52 26 second second ADJ crl-15391 52 27 master master NOUN crl-15391 52 28 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 52 29 was be AUX crl-15391 52 30 actually actually ADV crl-15391 52 31 an an DET crl-15391 52 32 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 52 33 acceptable acceptable ADJ crl-15391 52 34 substitute substitute NOUN crl-15391 52 35 . . PUNCT crl-15391 52 36 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 53 1 myers myers PROPN crl-15391 53 2 and and CCONJ crl-15391 53 3 kaufman kaufman PROPN crl-15391 53 4 determined determine VERB crl-15391 53 5 that that SCONJ crl-15391 53 6 38.3 38.3 NUM crl-15391 53 7 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 53 8 of of ADP crl-15391 53 9 the the DET crl-15391 53 10 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 53 11 directors director NOUN crl-15391 53 12 in in ADP crl-15391 53 13 1989 1989 NUM crl-15391 53 14 held hold VERB crl-15391 53 15 a a DET crl-15391 53 16 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 53 17 . . PUNCT crl-15391 54 1 in in ADP crl-15391 54 2 library library PROPN crl-15391 54 3 science science NOUN crl-15391 54 4 or or CCONJ crl-15391 54 5 another another DET crl-15391 54 6 subject subject ADJ crl-15391 54 7 field field NOUN crl-15391 54 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 54 9 a a DET crl-15391 54 10 decline decline NOUN crl-15391 54 11 from from ADP crl-15391 54 12 43.9 43.9 NUM crl-15391 54 13 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 54 14 of of ADP crl-15391 54 15 the the DET crl-15391 54 16 population population NOUN crl-15391 54 17 in in ADP crl-15391 54 18 1970 1970 NUM crl-15391 54 19 . . PUNCT crl-15391 55 1 about about ADV crl-15391 55 2 22 22 NUM crl-15391 55 3 per­ per­ NOUN crl-15391 55 4 cent cent NOUN crl-15391 55 5 of of ADP crl-15391 55 6 the the DET crl-15391 55 7 group group NOUN crl-15391 55 8 held hold VERB crl-15391 55 9 a a DET crl-15391 55 10 second second ADJ crl-15391 55 11 master master NOUN crl-15391 55 12 ’s ’s PRON crl-15391 55 13 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 55 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 55 15 up up ADV crl-15391 55 16 from from ADP crl-15391 55 17 18 18 NUM crl-15391 55 18 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 55 19 in in ADP crl-15391 55 20 1970 1970 NUM crl-15391 55 21 . . PUNCT crl-15391 56 1 the the DET crl-15391 56 2 number number NOUN crl-15391 56 3 of of ADP crl-15391 56 4 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 56 5 directors director NOUN crl-15391 56 6 with with ADP crl-15391 56 7 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 56 8 may may AUX crl-15391 56 9 have have AUX crl-15391 56 10 increased increase VERB crl-15391 56 11 dramatically dramatically ADV crl-15391 56 12 in in ADP crl-15391 56 13 the the DET crl-15391 56 14 past past ADJ crl-15391 56 15 decade decade NOUN crl-15391 56 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 56 17 so so CCONJ crl-15391 56 18 it it PRON crl-15391 56 19 is be AUX crl-15391 56 20 important important ADJ crl-15391 56 21 to to PART crl-15391 56 22 note note VERB crl-15391 56 23 that that SCONJ crl-15391 56 24 a a DET crl-15391 56 25 greater great ADJ crl-15391 56 26 differential differential NOUN crl-15391 56 27 between between ADP crl-15391 56 28 the the DET crl-15391 56 29 two two NUM crl-15391 56 30 groups group NOUN crl-15391 56 31 may may AUX crl-15391 56 32 exist exist VERB crl-15391 56 33 currently currently ADV crl-15391 56 34 than than ADP crl-15391 56 35 in in ADP crl-15391 56 36 1989 1989 NUM crl-15391 56 37 . . PUNCT crl-15391 57 1 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 57 2 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 57 3 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 57 4 study study NOUN crl-15391 57 5 of of ADP crl-15391 57 6 directors director NOUN crl-15391 57 7 at at ADP crl-15391 57 8 midwestern midwestern ADJ crl-15391 57 9 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 57 10 focused focus VERB crl-15391 57 11 on on ADP crl-15391 57 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 57 13 ’ ’ PART crl-15391 57 14 http http NOUN crl-15391 57 15 : : PUNCT crl-15391 57 16 sities.12 sities.12 NOUN crl-15391 57 17 the the DET crl-15391 57 18 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 57 19 of of ADP crl-15391 57 20 the the DET crl-15391 57 21 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 57 22 among among ADP crl-15391 57 23 small small ADJ crl-15391 57 24 college college NOUN crl-15391 57 25 library library NOUN crl-15391 57 26 directors director NOUN crl-15391 57 27 403 403 NUM crl-15391 57 28 experiences experience NOUN crl-15391 57 29 in in ADP crl-15391 57 30 obtaining obtain VERB crl-15391 57 31 their their PRON crl-15391 57 32 first first ADJ crl-15391 57 33 posi­ posi­ NOUN crl-15391 57 34 tion.14 tion.14 NUM crl-15391 57 35 some some DET crl-15391 57 36 specific specific ADJ crl-15391 57 37 items item NOUN crl-15391 57 38 , , PUNCT crl-15391 57 39 such such ADJ crl-15391 57 40 as as ADP crl-15391 57 41 data datum NOUN crl-15391 57 42 on on ADP crl-15391 57 43 alumni alumnus NOUN crl-15391 57 44 versus versus ADP crl-15391 57 45 nonalumni nonalumni ADJ crl-15391 57 46 directors director NOUN crl-15391 57 47 , , PUNCT crl-15391 57 48 are be AUX crl-15391 57 49 particularly particularly ADV crl-15391 57 50 interesting interesting ADJ crl-15391 57 51 , , PUNCT crl-15391 57 52 as as SCONJ crl-15391 57 53 is be AUX crl-15391 57 54 her her PRON crl-15391 57 55 find­ find­ NOUN crl-15391 57 56 ing ing NOUN crl-15391 57 57 on on ADP crl-15391 57 58 the the DET crl-15391 57 59 very very ADV crl-15391 57 60 short short ADJ crl-15391 57 61 time time NOUN crl-15391 57 62 that that PRON crl-15391 57 63 elapsed elapse VERB crl-15391 57 64 before before SCONJ crl-15391 57 65 some some DET crl-15391 57 66 directors director NOUN crl-15391 57 67 received receive VERB crl-15391 57 68 their their PRON crl-15391 57 69 first first ADJ crl-15391 57 70 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 57 71 . . PUNCT crl-15391 58 1 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 58 2 the the DET crl-15391 58 3 only only ADJ crl-15391 58 4 alarming alarming ADJ crl-15391 58 5 data datum NOUN crl-15391 58 6 from from ADP crl-15391 58 7 the the DET crl-15391 58 8 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 58 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 58 10 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 58 11 she she PRON crl-15391 58 12 writes write VERB crl-15391 58 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 58 14 were be AUX crl-15391 58 15 that that SCONJ crl-15391 58 16 almost almost ADV crl-15391 58 17 20 20 NUM crl-15391 58 18 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 58 19 of of ADP crl-15391 58 20 firsttime firsttime NOUN crl-15391 58 21 directors director NOUN crl-15391 58 22 had have VERB crl-15391 58 23 one one NUM crl-15391 58 24 year year NOUN crl-15391 58 25 of of ADP crl-15391 58 26 pro­ pro­ NOUN crl-15391 58 27 fessional fessional ADJ crl-15391 58 28 library library NOUN crl-15391 58 29 experience experience NOUN crl-15391 58 30 or or CCONJ crl-15391 58 31 less less ADJ crl-15391 58 32 when when SCONJ crl-15391 58 33 they they PRON crl-15391 58 34 assumed assume VERB crl-15391 58 35 their their PRON crl-15391 58 36 position position NOUN crl-15391 58 37 and and CCONJ crl-15391 58 38 that that SCONJ crl-15391 58 39 14 14 NUM crl-15391 58 40 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 58 41 had have AUX crl-15391 58 42 not not PART crl-15391 58 43 held hold VERB crl-15391 58 44 any any DET crl-15391 58 45 professional professional ADJ crl-15391 58 46 jobs job NOUN crl-15391 58 47 when when SCONJ crl-15391 58 48 they they PRON crl-15391 58 49 as­ as­ VERB crl-15391 58 50 sumed sum VERB crl-15391 58 51 their their PRON crl-15391 58 52 first first ADJ crl-15391 58 53 director director NOUN crl-15391 58 54 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 58 55 position position NOUN crl-15391 58 56 . . PUNCT crl-15391 59 1 it it PRON crl-15391 59 2 is be AUX crl-15391 59 3 difficult difficult ADJ crl-15391 59 4 to to PART crl-15391 59 5 imagine imagine VERB crl-15391 59 6 that that SCONJ crl-15391 59 7 these these DET crl-15391 59 8 individuals individual NOUN crl-15391 59 9 would would AUX crl-15391 59 10 possess possess VERB crl-15391 59 11 the the DET crl-15391 59 12 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-15391 59 13 and and CCONJ crl-15391 59 14 skills skill NOUN crl-15391 59 15 necessary necessary ADJ crl-15391 59 16 to to PART crl-15391 59 17 perform perform VERB crl-15391 59 18 well.15 well.15 PROPN crl-15391 59 19 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 59 20 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 59 21 study study NOUN crl-15391 59 22 found find VERB crl-15391 59 23 that that SCONJ crl-15391 59 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 59 25 on on ADP crl-15391 59 26 average average ADJ crl-15391 59 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 59 28 directors director NOUN crl-15391 59 29 have have AUX crl-15391 59 30 held hold VERB crl-15391 59 31 their their PRON crl-15391 59 32 current current ADJ crl-15391 59 33 positions position NOUN crl-15391 59 34 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 59 35 not not PART crl-15391 59 36 necessarily necessarily ADV crl-15391 59 37 their their PRON crl-15391 59 38 first first ADJ crl-15391 59 39 position position NOUN crl-15391 59 40 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 59 41 for for ADP crl-15391 59 42 11.5 11.5 NUM crl-15391 59 43 years year NOUN crl-15391 59 44 . . PUNCT crl-15391 60 1 the the DET crl-15391 60 2 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 60 3 differences difference NOUN crl-15391 60 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 60 5 par­ par­ NOUN crl-15391 60 6 ticularly ticularly ADV crl-15391 60 7 among among ADP crl-15391 60 8 those those PRON crl-15391 60 9 with with ADP crl-15391 60 10 ph.d.s ph.d.s NOUN crl-15391 60 11 or or CCONJ crl-15391 60 12 sec­ sec­ PROPN crl-15391 60 13 ond ond NOUN crl-15391 60 14 master master PROPN crl-15391 60 15 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 60 16 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 60 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 60 18 were be AUX crl-15391 60 19 particularly particularly ADV crl-15391 60 20 notable notable ADJ crl-15391 60 21 . . PUNCT crl-15391 61 1 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 61 2 did do AUX crl-15391 61 3 not not PART crl-15391 61 4 explore explore VERB crl-15391 61 5 the the DET crl-15391 61 6 length length NOUN crl-15391 61 7 of of ADP crl-15391 61 8 time time NOUN crl-15391 61 9 people people NOUN crl-15391 61 10 held hold VERB crl-15391 61 11 their their PRON crl-15391 61 12 first first ADJ crl-15391 61 13 po­ po­ NOUN crl-15391 61 14 sition sition NOUN crl-15391 61 15 . . PUNCT crl-15391 62 1 because because SCONJ crl-15391 62 2 some some PRON crl-15391 62 3 of of ADP crl-15391 62 4 her her PRON crl-15391 62 5 respondents respondent NOUN crl-15391 62 6 were be AUX crl-15391 62 7 still still ADV crl-15391 62 8 in in ADP crl-15391 62 9 their their PRON crl-15391 62 10 first first ADJ crl-15391 62 11 position position NOUN crl-15391 62 12 and and CCONJ crl-15391 62 13 oth­ oth­ ADJ crl-15391 62 14 ers er NOUN crl-15391 62 15 had have AUX crl-15391 62 16 moved move VERB crl-15391 62 17 on on ADV crl-15391 62 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 62 19 completed complete VERB crl-15391 62 20 their their PRON crl-15391 62 21 first first ADJ crl-15391 62 22 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 62 23 as as ADP crl-15391 62 24 a a DET crl-15391 62 25 library library NOUN crl-15391 62 26 director director NOUN crl-15391 62 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 62 28 such such DET crl-15391 62 29 a a DET crl-15391 62 30 comparison comparison NOUN crl-15391 62 31 would would AUX crl-15391 62 32 have have AUX crl-15391 62 33 been be AUX crl-15391 62 34 inappropri­ inappropri­ NOUN crl-15391 62 35 ate eat VERB crl-15391 62 36 . . PUNCT crl-15391 63 1 seventy seventy NUM crl-15391 63 2 - - PUNCT crl-15391 63 3 five five NUM crl-15391 63 4 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 63 5 of of ADP crl-15391 63 6 the the DET crl-15391 63 7 respon­ respon­ NOUN crl-15391 63 8 dents dent NOUN crl-15391 63 9 in in ADP crl-15391 63 10 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 63 11 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 63 12 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 63 13 work work NOUN crl-15391 63 14 at at ADP crl-15391 63 15 bac­ bac­ PROPN crl-15391 63 16 calaureate calaureate PROPN crl-15391 63 17 ii ii PROPN crl-15391 63 18 schools school NOUN crl-15391 63 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 63 20 whereas whereas SCONJ crl-15391 63 21 all all PRON crl-15391 63 22 of of ADP crl-15391 63 23 the the DET crl-15391 63 24 subjects subject NOUN crl-15391 63 25 in in ADP crl-15391 63 26 this this DET crl-15391 63 27 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 63 28 work work NOUN crl-15391 63 29 at at ADP crl-15391 63 30 baccalau­ baccalau­ NOUN crl-15391 63 31 reate reate NOUN crl-15391 63 32 i i PRON crl-15391 63 33 schools school NOUN crl-15391 63 34 . . PUNCT crl-15391 64 1 all all PRON crl-15391 64 2 of of ADP crl-15391 64 3 the the DET crl-15391 64 4 research research NOUN crl-15391 64 5 of of ADP crl-15391 64 6 the the DET crl-15391 64 7 past past ADJ crl-15391 64 8 several several ADJ crl-15391 64 9 decades decade NOUN crl-15391 64 10 makes make VERB crl-15391 64 11 it it PRON crl-15391 64 12 clear clear ADJ crl-15391 64 13 that that SCONJ crl-15391 64 14 the the DET crl-15391 64 15 individu­ individu­ PROPN crl-15391 64 16 als al NOUN crl-15391 64 17 of of ADP crl-15391 64 18 interest interest NOUN crl-15391 64 19 in in ADP crl-15391 64 20 most most ADJ crl-15391 64 21 studies study NOUN crl-15391 64 22 are be AUX crl-15391 64 23 those those PRON crl-15391 64 24 directing direct VERB crl-15391 64 25 large large ADJ crl-15391 64 26 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 64 27 research research NOUN crl-15391 64 28 librar­ librar­ NOUN crl-15391 64 29 ies ie NOUN crl-15391 64 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 65 1 however however ADV crl-15391 65 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 65 3 the the DET crl-15391 65 4 number number NOUN crl-15391 65 5 of of ADP crl-15391 65 6 individuals individual NOUN crl-15391 65 7 holding hold VERB crl-15391 65 8 such such ADJ crl-15391 65 9 positions position NOUN crl-15391 65 10 is be AUX crl-15391 65 11 relatively relatively ADV crl-15391 65 12 small small ADJ crl-15391 65 13 . . PUNCT crl-15391 66 1 a a DET crl-15391 66 2 larger large ADJ crl-15391 66 3 group group NOUN crl-15391 66 4 of of ADP crl-15391 66 5 equally equally ADV crl-15391 66 6 important important ADJ crl-15391 66 7 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 66 8 brary brary ADJ crl-15391 66 9 directors director NOUN crl-15391 66 10 exists exist VERB crl-15391 66 11 , , PUNCT crl-15391 66 12 and and CCONJ crl-15391 66 13 members member NOUN crl-15391 66 14 of of ADP crl-15391 66 15 this this DET crl-15391 66 16 group group NOUN crl-15391 66 17 have have AUX crl-15391 66 18 rarely rarely ADV crl-15391 66 19 been be AUX crl-15391 66 20 the the DET crl-15391 66 21 subjects subject NOUN crl-15391 66 22 of of ADP crl-15391 66 23 research research NOUN crl-15391 66 24 designed design VERB crl-15391 66 25 to to PART crl-15391 66 26 learn learn VERB crl-15391 66 27 anything anything PRON crl-15391 66 28 about about ADP crl-15391 66 29 their their PRON crl-15391 66 30 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-15391 66 31 or or CCONJ crl-15391 66 32 back­ back­ ADJ crl-15391 66 33 grounds ground NOUN crl-15391 66 34 . . PUNCT crl-15391 67 1 this this DET crl-15391 67 2 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 67 3 attempts attempt VERB crl-15391 67 4 to to PART crl-15391 67 5 initiate initiate VERB crl-15391 67 6 a a DET crl-15391 67 7 response response NOUN crl-15391 67 8 to to ADP crl-15391 67 9 this this DET crl-15391 67 10 neglect neglect NOUN crl-15391 67 11 . . PUNCT crl-15391 68 1 methodology methodology NOUN crl-15391 68 2 the the DET crl-15391 68 3 author author NOUN crl-15391 68 4 sought seek VERB crl-15391 68 5 information information NOUN crl-15391 68 6 on on ADP crl-15391 68 7 the the DET crl-15391 68 8 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 68 9 background background NOUN crl-15391 68 10 of of ADP crl-15391 68 11 directors director NOUN crl-15391 68 12 at at ADP crl-15391 68 13 selective selective ADJ crl-15391 68 14 liberal liberal ADJ crl-15391 68 15 arts art NOUN crl-15391 68 16 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 68 17 in in ADP crl-15391 68 18 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 68 19 . . PUNCT crl-15391 69 1 the the DET crl-15391 69 2 study study NOUN crl-15391 69 3 considered consider VERB crl-15391 69 4 the the DET crl-15391 69 5 number number NOUN crl-15391 69 6 and and CCONJ crl-15391 69 7 type type NOUN crl-15391 69 8 of of ADP crl-15391 69 9 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 69 10 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 69 11 the the DET crl-15391 69 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 69 13 held hold VERB crl-15391 69 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 69 15 as as ADV crl-15391 69 16 well well ADV crl-15391 69 17 as as ADP crl-15391 69 18 their their PRON crl-15391 69 19 tenures tenure NOUN crl-15391 69 20 as as ADP crl-15391 69 21 director director NOUN crl-15391 69 22 in in ADP crl-15391 69 23 each each DET crl-15391 69 24 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 69 25 . . PUNCT crl-15391 70 1 statistical statistical ADJ crl-15391 70 2 information information NOUN crl-15391 70 3 on on ADP crl-15391 70 4 their their PRON crl-15391 70 5 library library NOUN crl-15391 70 6 and and CCONJ crl-15391 70 7 their their PRON crl-15391 70 8 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 70 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 70 10 specifically specifically ADV crl-15391 70 11 on on ADP crl-15391 70 12 the the DET crl-15391 70 13 size size NOUN crl-15391 70 14 in in ADP crl-15391 70 15 volumes volume NOUN crl-15391 70 16 and and CCONJ crl-15391 70 17 budget budget NOUN crl-15391 70 18 re­ re­ PROPN crl-15391 70 19 ported port VERB crl-15391 70 20 by by ADP crl-15391 70 21 the the DET crl-15391 70 22 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 70 23 , , PUNCT crl-15391 70 24 the the DET crl-15391 70 25 number number NOUN crl-15391 70 26 of of ADP crl-15391 70 27 professionals professional NOUN crl-15391 70 28 and and CCONJ crl-15391 70 29 fte fte VERB crl-15391 70 30 staff staff NOUN crl-15391 70 31 in in ADP crl-15391 70 32 the the DET crl-15391 70 33 library library NOUN crl-15391 70 34 , , PUNCT crl-15391 70 35 and and CCONJ crl-15391 70 36 the the DET crl-15391 70 37 number number NOUN crl-15391 70 38 of of ADP crl-15391 70 39 students student NOUN crl-15391 70 40 at at ADP crl-15391 70 41 the the DET crl-15391 70 42 insti­ insti­ PROPN crl-15391 70 43 tution tution NOUN crl-15391 70 44 , , PUNCT crl-15391 70 45 was be AUX crl-15391 70 46 used use VERB crl-15391 70 47 to to PART crl-15391 70 48 compare compare VERB crl-15391 70 49 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 70 50 . . PUNCT crl-15391 71 1 the the DET crl-15391 71 2 author author NOUN crl-15391 71 3 used use VERB crl-15391 71 4 the the DET crl-15391 71 5 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-15391 71 6 classi­ classi­ PROPN crl-15391 71 7 fication fication NOUN crl-15391 71 8 of of ADP crl-15391 71 9 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 71 10 of of ADP crl-15391 71 11 higher high ADJ crl-15391 71 12 educa­ educa­ ADJ crl-15391 71 13 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 71 14 as as ADP crl-15391 71 15 a a DET crl-15391 71 16 sampling sampling NOUN crl-15391 71 17 frame frame NOUN crl-15391 71 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 71 19 selected select VERB crl-15391 71 20 every every DET crl-15391 71 21 second second ADJ crl-15391 71 22 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 71 23 included include VERB crl-15391 71 24 in in ADP crl-15391 71 25 the the DET crl-15391 71 26 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 71 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 71 28 liberal liberal ADJ crl-15391 71 29 arts art NOUN crl-15391 71 30 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 72 1 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 72 2 i i PRON crl-15391 72 3 list­ list­ NOUN crl-15391 72 4 ing ing PROPN crl-15391 72 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 72 6 a a DET crl-15391 72 7 group group NOUN crl-15391 72 8 of of ADP crl-15391 72 9 166 166 NUM crl-15391 72 10 institutions.16 institutions.16 PROPN crl-15391 72 11 because because SCONJ crl-15391 72 12 the the DET crl-15391 72 13 primary primary ADJ crl-15391 72 14 goal goal NOUN crl-15391 72 15 of of ADP crl-15391 72 16 the the DET crl-15391 72 17 research research NOUN crl-15391 72 18 was be AUX crl-15391 72 19 the the DET crl-15391 72 20 study study NOUN crl-15391 72 21 of of ADP crl-15391 72 22 the the DET crl-15391 72 23 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 72 24 among among ADP crl-15391 72 25 college college NOUN crl-15391 72 26 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 72 27 brarians brarian NOUN crl-15391 72 28 and and CCONJ crl-15391 72 29 the the DET crl-15391 72 30 size size NOUN crl-15391 72 31 of of ADP crl-15391 72 32 these these DET crl-15391 72 33 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 72 34 ’ ' PUNCT crl-15391 72 35 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 72 36 , , PUNCT crl-15391 72 37 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 72 38 with with ADP crl-15391 72 39 acting act VERB crl-15391 72 40 direc­ direc­ ADJ crl-15391 72 41 tors tor NOUN crl-15391 72 42 , , PUNCT crl-15391 72 43 rotating rotate VERB crl-15391 72 44 deans dean NOUN crl-15391 72 45 of of ADP crl-15391 72 46 the the DET crl-15391 72 47 library library NOUN crl-15391 72 48 , , PUNCT crl-15391 72 49 or or CCONJ crl-15391 72 50 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 72 51 braries brarie NOUN crl-15391 72 52 that that PRON crl-15391 72 53 served serve VERB crl-15391 72 54 more more ADJ crl-15391 72 55 than than ADP crl-15391 72 56 one one NUM crl-15391 72 57 discrete discrete ADJ crl-15391 72 58 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 72 59 were be AUX crl-15391 72 60 replaced replace VERB crl-15391 72 61 with with ADP crl-15391 72 62 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 72 63 not not PART crl-15391 72 64 under under ADP crl-15391 72 65 such such ADJ crl-15391 72 66 limitations limitation NOUN crl-15391 72 67 . . PUNCT crl-15391 73 1 directors director NOUN crl-15391 73 2 at at ADP crl-15391 73 3 eighty eighty NUM crl-15391 73 4 - - PUNCT crl-15391 73 5 three three NUM crl-15391 73 6 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 73 7 were be AUX crl-15391 73 8 selected select VERB crl-15391 73 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 73 10 and and CCONJ crl-15391 73 11 information information NOUN crl-15391 73 12 on on ADP crl-15391 73 13 each each DET crl-15391 73 14 director director NOUN crl-15391 73 15 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 73 16 edu­ edu­ PROPN crl-15391 73 17 cational cational ADJ crl-15391 73 18 background background NOUN crl-15391 73 19 and and CCONJ crl-15391 73 20 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 73 21 as as SCONJ crl-15391 73 22 direc­ direc­ NOUN crl-15391 73 23 tor tor NOUN crl-15391 73 24 was be AUX crl-15391 73 25 gathered gather VERB crl-15391 73 26 from from ADP crl-15391 73 27 standard standard ADJ crl-15391 73 28 bio­ bio­ NOUN crl-15391 73 29 graphical graphical ADJ crl-15391 73 30 sources source NOUN crl-15391 73 31 , , PUNCT crl-15391 73 32 college college NOUN crl-15391 73 33 catalogs catalog NOUN crl-15391 73 34 , , PUNCT crl-15391 73 35 and and CCONJ crl-15391 73 36 college college NOUN crl-15391 73 37 , , PUNCT crl-15391 73 38 library library NOUN crl-15391 73 39 , , PUNCT crl-15391 73 40 or or CCONJ crl-15391 73 41 personal personal ADJ crl-15391 73 42 web web NOUN crl-15391 73 43 pages page NOUN crl-15391 73 44 . . PUNCT crl-15391 74 1 much much ADJ crl-15391 74 2 of of ADP crl-15391 74 3 this this DET crl-15391 74 4 information information NOUN crl-15391 74 5 then then ADV crl-15391 74 6 was be AUX crl-15391 74 7 con­ con­ NOUN crl-15391 74 8 firmed firm VERB crl-15391 74 9 through through ADP crl-15391 74 10 an an DET crl-15391 74 11 e e NOUN crl-15391 74 12 - - NOUN crl-15391 74 13 mail mail NOUN crl-15391 74 14 message message NOUN crl-15391 74 15 to to ADP crl-15391 74 16 each each DET crl-15391 74 17 director director NOUN crl-15391 74 18 for for ADP crl-15391 74 19 whom whom PRON crl-15391 74 20 a a DET crl-15391 74 21 valid valid ADJ crl-15391 74 22 e e NOUN crl-15391 74 23 - - NOUN crl-15391 74 24 mail mail NOUN crl-15391 74 25 address address NOUN crl-15391 74 26 could could AUX crl-15391 74 27 be be AUX crl-15391 74 28 found find VERB crl-15391 74 29 ; ; PUNCT crl-15391 74 30 79 79 NUM crl-15391 74 31 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 74 32 replied reply VERB crl-15391 74 33 to to ADP crl-15391 74 34 the the DET crl-15391 74 35 message message NOUN crl-15391 74 36 . . PUNCT crl-15391 75 1 the the DET crl-15391 75 2 1996 1996 NUM crl-15391 75 3 preliminary preliminary ADJ crl-15391 75 4 ipeds iped NOUN crl-15391 75 5 database database NOUN crl-15391 75 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 75 7 downloaded download VERB crl-15391 75 8 from from ADP crl-15391 75 9 the the DET crl-15391 75 10 u.s u.s PROPN crl-15391 75 11 . . PROPN crl-15391 75 12 de­ de­ PROPN crl-15391 75 13 partment partment NOUN crl-15391 75 14 of of ADP crl-15391 75 15 education education NOUN crl-15391 75 16 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 75 17 web web NOUN crl-15391 75 18 site site NOUN crl-15391 75 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 75 20 pro­ pro­ NOUN crl-15391 75 21 vided vide VERB crl-15391 75 22 statistical statistical ADJ crl-15391 75 23 data datum NOUN crl-15391 75 24 on on ADP crl-15391 75 25 each each DET crl-15391 75 26 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 75 27 . . PUNCT crl-15391 76 1 information information NOUN crl-15391 76 2 on on ADP crl-15391 76 3 the the DET crl-15391 76 4 number number NOUN crl-15391 76 5 of of ADP crl-15391 76 6 students student NOUN crl-15391 76 7 at at ADP crl-15391 76 8 an an DET crl-15391 76 9 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 76 10 was be AUX crl-15391 76 11 gathered gather VERB crl-15391 76 12 from from ADP crl-15391 76 13 the the DET crl-15391 76 14 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 76 15 barron barron NOUN crl-15391 76 16 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 76 17 profiles profile NOUN crl-15391 76 18 of of ADP crl-15391 76 19 american american PROPN crl-15391 76 20 colleges.17 colleges.17 PROPN crl-15391 76 21 results result NOUN crl-15391 76 22 among among ADP crl-15391 76 23 eighty eighty NUM crl-15391 76 24 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 76 25 for for ADP crl-15391 76 26 whom whom PRON crl-15391 76 27 suffi­ suffi­ NOUN crl-15391 76 28 cient cient NOUN crl-15391 76 29 information information NOUN crl-15391 76 30 could could AUX crl-15391 76 31 be be AUX crl-15391 76 32 found find VERB crl-15391 76 33 , , PUNCT crl-15391 76 34 fortyseven fortyseven PROPN crl-15391 76 35 were be AUX crl-15391 76 36 men man NOUN crl-15391 76 37 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 76 38 59 59 NUM crl-15391 76 39 % % NOUN crl-15391 76 40 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 76 41 and and CCONJ crl-15391 76 42 thirty thirty NUM crl-15391 76 43 - - PUNCT crl-15391 76 44 three three NUM crl-15391 76 45 were be AUX crl-15391 76 46 women woman NOUN crl-15391 76 47 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 76 48 41 41 NUM crl-15391 76 49 % % NOUN crl-15391 76 50 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 76 51 . . PUNCT crl-15391 77 1 one one NUM crl-15391 77 2 - - PUNCT crl-15391 77 3 fifth fifth NOUN crl-15391 77 4 held hold VERB crl-15391 77 5 doc­ doc­ NOUN crl-15391 77 6 torates torate NOUN crl-15391 77 7 , , PUNCT crl-15391 77 8 two two NUM crl-15391 77 9 - - PUNCT crl-15391 77 10 fifths fifth NOUN crl-15391 77 11 held hold VERB crl-15391 77 12 second second ADJ crl-15391 77 13 master master NOUN crl-15391 77 14 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 77 15 http http NOUN crl-15391 77 16 : : PUNCT crl-15391 77 17 colleges.17 colleges.17 PROPN crl-15391 77 18 http http PROPN crl-15391 77 19 : : PUNCT crl-15391 77 20 institutions.16 institutions.16 PROPN crl-15391 77 21 404 404 NUM crl-15391 77 22 college college PROPN crl-15391 77 23 & & CCONJ crl-15391 77 24 research research PROPN crl-15391 77 25 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 77 26 september september PROPN crl-15391 77 27 2000 2000 NUM crl-15391 77 28 table table NOUN crl-15391 77 29 1 1 NUM crl-15391 77 30 directors director NOUN crl-15391 77 31 of of ADP crl-15391 77 32 small small ADJ crl-15391 77 33 college college NOUN crl-15391 77 34 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 77 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 77 36 divided divide VERB crl-15391 77 37 by by ADP crl-15391 77 38 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 77 39 and and CCONJ crl-15391 77 40 education education NOUN crl-15391 77 41 level level NOUN crl-15391 77 42 librarians librarian VERB crl-15391 77 43 with with ADP crl-15391 77 44 a a DET crl-15391 77 45 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 77 46 . . PUNCT crl-15391 78 1 librarians librarian VERB crl-15391 78 2 with with ADP crl-15391 78 3 a a DET crl-15391 78 4 2nd 2nd ADJ crl-15391 78 5 master master NOUN crl-15391 78 6 's 's PART crl-15391 78 7 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 78 8 with with ADP crl-15391 78 9 an an DET crl-15391 78 10 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 78 11 only only ADV crl-15391 78 12 librarians librarian VERB crl-15391 78 13 with with ADP crl-15391 78 14 no no DET crl-15391 78 15 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 78 16 totals total NOUN crl-15391 78 17 women woman NOUN crl-15391 78 18 men man NOUN crl-15391 78 19 totals total VERB crl-15391 78 20 5 5 NUM crl-15391 78 21 11 11 NUM crl-15391 78 22 16 16 NUM crl-15391 78 23 11 11 NUM crl-15391 78 24 20 20 NUM crl-15391 78 25 31 31 NUM crl-15391 78 26 17 17 NUM crl-15391 78 27 15 15 NUM crl-15391 78 28 32 32 NUM crl-15391 78 29 0 0 NUM crl-15391 78 30 1 1 NUM crl-15391 78 31 1 1 NUM crl-15391 78 32 33 33 NUM crl-15391 78 33 47 47 NUM crl-15391 78 34 80 80 NUM crl-15391 78 35 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 78 36 , , PUNCT crl-15391 78 37 two two NUM crl-15391 78 38 - - PUNCT crl-15391 78 39 fifths fifth NOUN crl-15391 78 40 held hold VERB crl-15391 78 41 an an DET crl-15391 78 42 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 78 43 only only ADV crl-15391 78 44 , , PUNCT crl-15391 78 45 and and CCONJ crl-15391 78 46 one one PRON crl-15391 78 47 did do AUX crl-15391 78 48 not not PART crl-15391 78 49 hold hold VERB crl-15391 78 50 the the DET crl-15391 78 51 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 78 52 . . PUNCT crl-15391 79 1 these these DET crl-15391 79 2 results result NOUN crl-15391 79 3 compare compare VERB crl-15391 79 4 closely closely ADV crl-15391 79 5 with with ADP crl-15391 79 6 those those PRON crl-15391 79 7 found find VERB crl-15391 79 8 in in ADP crl-15391 79 9 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 79 10 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 79 11 1996 1996 NUM crl-15391 79 12 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 79 13 of of ADP crl-15391 79 14 midwestern midwestern ADJ crl-15391 79 15 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 79 16 i i PROPN crl-15391 79 17 and and CCONJ crl-15391 79 18 ii ii PROPN crl-15391 79 19 schools school NOUN crl-15391 79 20 . . PUNCT crl-15391 80 1 she she PRON crl-15391 80 2 noted note VERB crl-15391 80 3 a a DET crl-15391 80 4 closer close ADJ crl-15391 80 5 parity parity NOUN crl-15391 80 6 in in ADP crl-15391 80 7 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 80 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 80 9 with with ADP crl-15391 80 10 about about ADV crl-15391 80 11 53 53 NUM crl-15391 80 12 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 80 13 of of ADP crl-15391 80 14 her her PRON crl-15391 80 15 respondents respondent NOUN crl-15391 80 16 being be AUX crl-15391 80 17 male male ADJ crl-15391 80 18 , , PUNCT crl-15391 80 19 compared compare VERB crl-15391 80 20 to to ADP crl-15391 80 21 59 59 NUM crl-15391 80 22 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 80 23 of of ADP crl-15391 80 24 the the DET crl-15391 80 25 subjects subject NOUN crl-15391 80 26 in in ADP crl-15391 80 27 this this DET crl-15391 80 28 study study NOUN crl-15391 80 29 . . PUNCT crl-15391 81 1 moreover moreover ADV crl-15391 81 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 81 3 she she PRON crl-15391 81 4 found find VERB crl-15391 81 5 that that SCONJ crl-15391 81 6 14 14 NUM crl-15391 81 7 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 81 8 of of ADP crl-15391 81 9 her her PRON crl-15391 81 10 respondents respondent NOUN crl-15391 81 11 held hold VERB crl-15391 81 12 doctor­ doctor­ PROPN crl-15391 81 13 ates ate NOUN crl-15391 81 14 and and CCONJ crl-15391 81 15 38 38 NUM crl-15391 81 16 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 81 17 held hold VERB crl-15391 81 18 a a DET crl-15391 81 19 second second ADJ crl-15391 81 20 master master NOUN crl-15391 81 21 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 81 22 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 81 23 . . PUNCT crl-15391 82 1 this this DET crl-15391 82 2 study study NOUN crl-15391 82 3 found find VERB crl-15391 82 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 82 5 20 20 NUM crl-15391 82 6 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 82 7 of of ADP crl-15391 82 8 the the DET crl-15391 82 9 subjects subject NOUN crl-15391 82 10 for for ADP crl-15391 82 11 whom whom PRON crl-15391 82 12 information information NOUN crl-15391 82 13 could could AUX crl-15391 82 14 be be AUX crl-15391 82 15 found find VERB crl-15391 82 16 held hold VERB crl-15391 82 17 a a DET crl-15391 82 18 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 82 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 82 20 and and CCONJ crl-15391 82 21 an an DET crl-15391 82 22 additional additional ADJ crl-15391 82 23 40 40 NUM crl-15391 82 24 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 82 25 held hold VERB crl-15391 82 26 a a DET crl-15391 82 27 second second ADJ crl-15391 82 28 master master NOUN crl-15391 82 29 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 82 30 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 82 31 see see VERB crl-15391 82 32 table table NOUN crl-15391 82 33 1 1 NUM crl-15391 82 34 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 82 35 . . PUNCT crl-15391 83 1 among among ADP crl-15391 83 2 the the DET crl-15391 83 3 sixteen sixteen NUM crl-15391 83 4 directors director NOUN crl-15391 83 5 with with ADP crl-15391 83 6 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 83 7 , , PUNCT crl-15391 83 8 only only ADV crl-15391 83 9 six six NUM crl-15391 83 10 were be AUX crl-15391 83 11 in in ADP crl-15391 83 12 information information NOUN crl-15391 83 13 sci­ sci­ NOUN crl-15391 83 14 ence ence NOUN crl-15391 83 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 83 16 library library NOUN crl-15391 83 17 science science NOUN crl-15391 83 18 , , PUNCT crl-15391 83 19 or or CCONJ crl-15391 83 20 information information NOUN crl-15391 83 21 and and CCONJ crl-15391 83 22 library library NOUN crl-15391 83 23 science science NOUN crl-15391 83 24 . . PUNCT crl-15391 84 1 of of ADP crl-15391 84 2 the the DET crl-15391 84 3 remaining remain VERB crl-15391 84 4 ten ten NUM crl-15391 84 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 84 6 only only ADV crl-15391 84 7 the the DET crl-15391 84 8 fields field NOUN crl-15391 84 9 of of ADP crl-15391 84 10 anthropology anthropology NOUN crl-15391 84 11 and and CCONJ crl-15391 84 12 german german ADJ crl-15391 84 13 each each PRON crl-15391 84 14 appeared appear VERB crl-15391 84 15 twice twice ADV crl-15391 84 16 ; ; PUNCT crl-15391 84 17 all all DET crl-15391 84 18 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 84 19 are be AUX crl-15391 84 20 in in ADP crl-15391 84 21 the the DET crl-15391 84 22 liberal liberal ADJ crl-15391 84 23 arts.18 arts.18 PROPN crl-15391 84 24 myers myers PROPN crl-15391 84 25 and and CCONJ crl-15391 84 26 kaufman kaufman PROPN crl-15391 84 27 showed show VERB crl-15391 84 28 that that SCONJ crl-15391 84 29 nearly nearly ADV crl-15391 84 30 40 40 NUM crl-15391 84 31 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 84 32 of of ADP crl-15391 84 33 library library NOUN crl-15391 84 34 directors director NOUN crl-15391 84 35 in in ADP crl-15391 84 36 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 84 37 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 84 38 held hold VERB crl-15391 84 39 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 84 40 in in ADP crl-15391 84 41 1989 1989 NUM crl-15391 84 42 , , PUNCT crl-15391 84 43 twice twice DET crl-15391 84 44 the the DET crl-15391 84 45 percentage percentage NOUN crl-15391 84 46 of of ADP crl-15391 84 47 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 84 48 in in ADP crl-15391 84 49 small small ADJ crl-15391 84 50 college college NOUN crl-15391 84 51 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 84 52 . . PUNCT crl-15391 85 1 among among ADP crl-15391 85 2 small small ADJ crl-15391 85 3 college college NOUN crl-15391 85 4 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 85 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 6 results result NOUN crl-15391 85 7 from from ADP crl-15391 85 8 this this DET crl-15391 85 9 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 85 10 show show VERB crl-15391 85 11 clearly clearly ADV crl-15391 85 12 that that SCONJ crl-15391 85 13 librar­ librar­ ADJ crl-15391 85 14 ians ian NOUN crl-15391 85 15 with with ADP crl-15391 85 16 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 85 17 did do AUX crl-15391 85 18 not not PART crl-15391 85 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 20 on on ADP crl-15391 85 21 average average ADJ crl-15391 85 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 23 di­ di­ PROPN crl-15391 85 24 rect rect NOUN crl-15391 85 25 libraries librarie VERB crl-15391 85 26 with with ADP crl-15391 85 27 significantly significantly ADV crl-15391 85 28 more more ADJ crl-15391 85 29 stu­ stu­ NOUN crl-15391 85 30 dents dent NOUN crl-15391 85 31 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 32 volumes volume NOUN crl-15391 85 33 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 34 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 85 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 36 staff staff NOUN crl-15391 85 37 , , PUNCT crl-15391 85 38 or or CCONJ crl-15391 85 39 bud­ bud­ NOUN crl-15391 85 40 gets get VERB crl-15391 85 41 . . PUNCT crl-15391 86 1 differences difference NOUN crl-15391 86 2 are be AUX crl-15391 86 3 minimal minimal ADJ crl-15391 86 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 86 5 at at ADP crl-15391 86 6 best good ADJ crl-15391 86 7 . . PUNCT crl-15391 87 1 tables table NOUN crl-15391 87 2 2 2 NUM crl-15391 87 3 and and CCONJ crl-15391 87 4 3 3 NUM crl-15391 87 5 show show VERB crl-15391 87 6 the the DET crl-15391 87 7 mean mean ADJ crl-15391 87 8 and and CCONJ crl-15391 87 9 me­ me­ PROPN crl-15391 87 10 dian dian ADJ crl-15391 87 11 averages average NOUN crl-15391 87 12 for for ADP crl-15391 87 13 library library NOUN crl-15391 87 14 directors director NOUN crl-15391 87 15 for for ADP crl-15391 87 16 whom whom PRON crl-15391 87 17 information information NOUN crl-15391 87 18 could could AUX crl-15391 87 19 be be AUX crl-15391 87 20 found find VERB crl-15391 87 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 87 22 sorted sort VERB crl-15391 87 23 by by ADP crl-15391 87 24 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 87 25 and and CCONJ crl-15391 87 26 level level NOUN crl-15391 87 27 of of ADP crl-15391 87 28 education education NOUN crl-15391 87 29 attained attain VERB crl-15391 87 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 88 1 one one NUM crl-15391 88 2 male male ADJ crl-15391 88 3 subject subject NOUN crl-15391 88 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 88 5 who who PRON crl-15391 88 6 apparently apparently ADV crl-15391 88 7 did do AUX crl-15391 88 8 not not PART crl-15391 88 9 hold hold VERB crl-15391 88 10 an an DET crl-15391 88 11 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 88 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 88 13 was be AUX crl-15391 88 14 not not PART crl-15391 88 15 included include VERB crl-15391 88 16 in in ADP crl-15391 88 17 these these DET crl-15391 88 18 computations computation NOUN crl-15391 88 19 . . PUNCT crl-15391 89 1 overall overall ADV crl-15391 89 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 89 3 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 89 4 directed direct VERB crl-15391 89 5 by by ADP crl-15391 89 6 men man NOUN crl-15391 89 7 have have VERB crl-15391 89 8 slightly slightly ADV crl-15391 89 9 larger large ADJ crl-15391 89 10 volume volume NOUN crl-15391 89 11 counts count NOUN crl-15391 89 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 89 13 5.5 5.5 NUM crl-15391 89 14 % % NOUN crl-15391 89 15 larger large ADJ crl-15391 89 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 89 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 89 18 slightly slightly ADV crl-15391 89 19 larger large ADJ crl-15391 89 20 bud­ bud­ NOUN crl-15391 89 21 gets get VERB crl-15391 89 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 89 23 3.8 3.8 NUM crl-15391 89 24 % % NOUN crl-15391 89 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 89 26 , , PUNCT crl-15391 89 27 more more ADJ crl-15391 89 28 students student NOUN crl-15391 89 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 89 30 16.3 16.3 NUM crl-15391 89 31 % % NOUN crl-15391 89 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 89 33 , , PUNCT crl-15391 89 34 and and CCONJ crl-15391 89 35 nearly nearly ADV crl-15391 89 36 identical identical ADJ crl-15391 89 37 fte fte NOUN crl-15391 89 38 library library NOUN crl-15391 89 39 employees employee NOUN crl-15391 89 40 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 89 41 0.7 0.7 NUM crl-15391 89 42 % % NOUN crl-15391 89 43 less less ADJ crl-15391 89 44 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 89 45 compared compare VERB crl-15391 89 46 with with ADP crl-15391 89 47 those those PRON crl-15391 89 48 directed direct VERB crl-15391 89 49 by by ADP crl-15391 89 50 women woman NOUN crl-15391 89 51 . . PUNCT crl-15391 90 1 among among ADP crl-15391 90 2 the the DET crl-15391 90 3 seventy seventy NUM crl-15391 90 4 - - PUNCT crl-15391 90 5 five five NUM crl-15391 90 6 directors director NOUN crl-15391 90 7 for for ADP crl-15391 90 8 whom whom PRON crl-15391 90 9 information information NOUN crl-15391 90 10 was be AUX crl-15391 90 11 available available ADJ crl-15391 90 12 on on ADP crl-15391 90 13 where where SCONJ crl-15391 90 14 they they PRON crl-15391 90 15 received receive VERB crl-15391 90 16 their their PRON crl-15391 90 17 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-15391 90 18 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 90 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 90 20 seven seven NUM crl-15391 90 21 are be AUX crl-15391 90 22 directing direct VERB crl-15391 90 23 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 90 24 at at ADP crl-15391 90 25 their their PRON crl-15391 90 26 alma alma NOUN crl-15391 90 27 maters mater NOUN crl-15391 90 28 . . PUNCT crl-15391 91 1 karr karr PROPN crl-15391 91 2 noted note VERB crl-15391 91 3 that that SCONJ crl-15391 91 4 11 11 NUM crl-15391 91 5 per­ per­ NUM crl-15391 91 6 cent cent NOUN crl-15391 91 7 of of ADP crl-15391 91 8 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 91 9 directors director NOUN crl-15391 91 10 in in ADP crl-15391 91 11 1966 1966 NUM crl-15391 91 12 had have AUX crl-15391 91 13 received receive VERB crl-15391 91 14 bachelor bachelor NOUN crl-15391 91 15 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 91 16 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 91 17 from from ADP crl-15391 91 18 their their PRON crl-15391 91 19 employers employer NOUN crl-15391 91 20 , , PUNCT crl-15391 91 21 compared compare VERB crl-15391 91 22 with with ADP crl-15391 91 23 10.7 10.7 NUM crl-15391 91 24 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 91 25 of of ADP crl-15391 91 26 the the DET crl-15391 91 27 sub­ sub­ PROPN crl-15391 91 28 jects ject NOUN crl-15391 91 29 in in ADP crl-15391 91 30 this this DET crl-15391 91 31 study study NOUN crl-15391 91 32 . . PUNCT crl-15391 92 1 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-15391 92 2 the the DET crl-15391 92 3 most most ADV crl-15391 92 4 surprising surprising ADJ crl-15391 92 5 result result NOUN crl-15391 92 6 in in ADP crl-15391 92 7 the the DET crl-15391 92 8 study study NOUN crl-15391 92 9 is be AUX crl-15391 92 10 the the DET crl-15391 92 11 length length NOUN crl-15391 92 12 of of ADP crl-15391 92 13 time time NOUN crl-15391 92 14 that that PRON crl-15391 92 15 indi­ indi­ PROPN crl-15391 92 16 viduals vidual NOUN crl-15391 92 17 have have AUX crl-15391 92 18 held hold VERB crl-15391 92 19 their their PRON crl-15391 92 20 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 92 21 as as ADP crl-15391 92 22 library library NOUN crl-15391 92 23 director director NOUN crl-15391 92 24 . . PUNCT crl-15391 93 1 table table NOUN crl-15391 93 2 4 4 NUM crl-15391 93 3 shows show VERB crl-15391 93 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 93 5 among among ADP crl-15391 93 6 the the DET crl-15391 93 7 sev­ sev­ PROPN crl-15391 93 8 enty enty NOUN crl-15391 93 9 - - PUNCT crl-15391 93 10 five five NUM crl-15391 93 11 individuals individual NOUN crl-15391 93 12 for for ADP crl-15391 93 13 whom whom PRON crl-15391 93 14 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 93 15 in­ in­ NOUN crl-15391 93 16 formation formation NOUN crl-15391 93 17 could could AUX crl-15391 93 18 be be AUX crl-15391 93 19 found find VERB crl-15391 93 20 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 93 21 60 60 NUM crl-15391 93 22 % % NOUN crl-15391 93 23 men man NOUN crl-15391 93 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 93 25 40 40 NUM crl-15391 93 26 % % NOUN crl-15391 93 27 women woman NOUN crl-15391 93 28 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 93 29 , , PUNCT crl-15391 93 30 men man NOUN crl-15391 93 31 have have AUX crl-15391 93 32 held hold VERB crl-15391 93 33 their their PRON crl-15391 93 34 positions position NOUN crl-15391 93 35 much much ADV crl-15391 93 36 longer long ADV crl-15391 93 37 than than ADP crl-15391 93 38 women woman NOUN crl-15391 93 39 , , PUNCT crl-15391 93 40 and and CCONJ crl-15391 93 41 the the DET crl-15391 93 42 differ­ differ­ PROPN crl-15391 93 43 ence ence NOUN crl-15391 93 44 is be AUX crl-15391 93 45 particularly particularly ADV crl-15391 93 46 notable notable ADJ crl-15391 93 47 among among ADP crl-15391 93 48 those those PRON crl-15391 93 49 with with ADP crl-15391 93 50 a a DET crl-15391 93 51 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 93 52 . . PUNCT crl-15391 94 1 the the DET crl-15391 94 2 comparisons comparison NOUN crl-15391 94 3 only only ADV crl-15391 94 4 ap­ ap­ VERB crl-15391 94 5 proach proach NOUN crl-15391 94 6 parity parity NOUN crl-15391 94 7 among among ADP crl-15391 94 8 directors director NOUN crl-15391 94 9 with with ADP crl-15391 94 10 an an DET crl-15391 94 11 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 94 12 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 94 13 only only ADV crl-15391 94 14 . . PUNCT crl-15391 95 1 one one NUM crl-15391 95 2 female female ADJ crl-15391 95 3 director director NOUN crl-15391 95 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 95 5 re­ re­ VERB crl-15391 95 6 sponding sponde VERB crl-15391 95 7 to to ADP crl-15391 95 8 the the DET crl-15391 95 9 author author NOUN crl-15391 95 10 ’s ’s PUNCT crl-15391 95 11 e e NOUN crl-15391 95 12 - - NOUN crl-15391 95 13 mail mail NOUN crl-15391 95 14 confirma­ confirma­ PROPN crl-15391 95 15 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 95 16 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 95 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 95 18 argued argue VERB crl-15391 95 19 that that SCONJ crl-15391 95 20 the the DET crl-15391 95 21 push push NOUN crl-15391 95 22 to to ADP crl-15391 95 23 in­ in­ PROPN crl-15391 95 24 crease crease NOUN crl-15391 95 25 the the DET crl-15391 95 26 number number NOUN crl-15391 95 27 of of ADP crl-15391 95 28 women woman NOUN crl-15391 95 29 in in ADP crl-15391 95 30 adminis­ adminis­ ADJ crl-15391 95 31 trative trative ADJ crl-15391 95 32 positions position NOUN crl-15391 95 33 might might AUX crl-15391 95 34 decrease decrease VERB crl-15391 95 35 the the DET crl-15391 95 36 num­ num­ NOUN crl-15391 95 37 ber ber NOUN crl-15391 95 38 of of ADP crl-15391 95 39 female female ADJ crl-15391 95 40 library library NOUN crl-15391 95 41 directors director NOUN crl-15391 95 42 holding hold VERB crl-15391 95 43 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 95 44 . . PUNCT crl-15391 96 1 results result NOUN crl-15391 96 2 bear bear VERB crl-15391 96 3 this this PRON crl-15391 96 4 out out ADP crl-15391 96 5 and and CCONJ crl-15391 96 6 also also ADV crl-15391 96 7 show show VERB crl-15391 96 8 a a DET crl-15391 96 9 great great ADJ crl-15391 96 10 disparity disparity NOUN crl-15391 96 11 in in ADP crl-15391 96 12 the the DET crl-15391 96 13 length length NOUN crl-15391 96 14 of of ADP crl-15391 96 15 time time NOUN crl-15391 96 16 that that PRON crl-15391 96 17 women woman NOUN crl-15391 96 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 96 19 men man NOUN crl-15391 96 20 with with ADP crl-15391 96 21 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 96 22 have have AUX crl-15391 96 23 held hold VERB crl-15391 96 24 their their PRON crl-15391 96 25 directorships directorship NOUN crl-15391 96 26 . . PUNCT crl-15391 97 1 not not PART crl-15391 97 2 only only ADV crl-15391 97 3 was be AUX crl-15391 97 4 the the DET crl-15391 97 5 average average ADJ crl-15391 97 6 time time NOUN crl-15391 97 7 as as SCONJ crl-15391 97 8 di­ di­ PROPN crl-15391 97 9 rector rector NOUN crl-15391 97 10 greater great ADJ crl-15391 97 11 among among ADP crl-15391 97 12 men man NOUN crl-15391 97 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 97 14 but but CCONJ crl-15391 97 15 the the DET crl-15391 97 16 range range NOUN crl-15391 97 17 the the DET crl-15391 97 18 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 97 19 of of ADP crl-15391 97 20 the the DET crl-15391 97 21 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 97 22 among among ADP crl-15391 97 23 small small ADJ crl-15391 97 24 college college NOUN crl-15391 97 25 library library NOUN crl-15391 97 26 directors director NOUN crl-15391 97 27 405 405 NUM crl-15391 97 28 n n ADP crl-15391 97 29 n n PROPN crl-15391 97 30 nnn nnn PROPN crl-15391 97 31 n n PROPN crl-15391 97 32 nn nn PROPN crl-15391 97 33 n n PROPN crl-15391 97 34 nn nn PROPN crl-15391 97 35 n n PROPN crl-15391 97 36 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 97 37 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 97 38 � � X crl-15391 97 39 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 97 40 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 97 41 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 97 42 � � X crl-15391 97 43 \\ \\ NOUN crl-15391 98 1 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 98 2 \ \ PROPN crl-15391 98 3 � � X crl-15391 98 4 � � NOUN crl-15391 98 5 ion ion NOUN crl-15391 98 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 98 7 among among ADP crl-15391 98 8 library library NOUN crl-15391 98 9 directors director NOUN crl-15391 98 10 with with ADP crl-15391 98 11 ph.d.s ph.d.s PROPN crl-15391 98 12 and and CCONJ crl-15391 98 13 appointed appoint VERB crl-15391 98 14 in in ADP crl-15391 98 15 the the DET crl-15391 98 16 past past ADJ crl-15391 98 17 six six NUM crl-15391 98 18 years year NOUN crl-15391 98 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 98 20 five five NUM crl-15391 98 21 have have AUX crl-15391 98 22 been be AUX crl-15391 98 23 women woman NOUN crl-15391 98 24 and and CCONJ crl-15391 98 25 two two NUM crl-15391 98 26 have have AUX crl-15391 98 27 been be AUX crl-15391 98 28 men man NOUN crl-15391 98 29 . . PUNCT crl-15391 99 1 if if SCONJ crl-15391 99 2 this this PRON crl-15391 99 3 is be AUX crl-15391 99 4 a a DET crl-15391 99 5 trend trend NOUN crl-15391 99 6 that that PRON crl-15391 99 7 continues continue VERB crl-15391 99 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 99 9 library library NOUN crl-15391 99 10 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 99 11 can can AUX crl-15391 99 12 expect expect VERB crl-15391 99 13 to to PART crl-15391 99 14 achieve achieve VERB crl-15391 99 15 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 99 16 parity parity NOUN crl-15391 99 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 99 18 although although SCONJ crl-15391 99 19 it it PRON crl-15391 99 20 will will AUX crl-15391 99 21 take take VERB crl-15391 99 22 several several ADJ crl-15391 99 23 retire­ retire­ VERB crl-15391 99 24 ments ment NOUN crl-15391 99 25 and and CCONJ crl-15391 99 26 many many ADJ crl-15391 99 27 years year NOUN crl-15391 99 28 . . PUNCT crl-15391 100 1 obviously obviously ADV crl-15391 100 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 100 3 achieving achieve VERB crl-15391 100 4 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 100 5 equivalency equivalency NOUN crl-15391 100 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 100 7 where where SCONJ crl-15391 100 8 the the DET crl-15391 100 9 percentage percentage NOUN crl-15391 100 10 of of ADP crl-15391 100 11 female female ADJ crl-15391 100 12 li­ li­ NOUN crl-15391 100 13 brary brary ADJ crl-15391 100 14 directors director NOUN crl-15391 100 15 accurately accurately ADV crl-15391 100 16 reflects reflect VERB crl-15391 100 17 the the DET crl-15391 100 18 percentage percentage NOUN crl-15391 100 19 of of ADP crl-15391 100 20 female female ADJ crl-15391 100 21 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 100 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 100 23 will will AUX crl-15391 100 24 take take VERB crl-15391 100 25 much much ADV crl-15391 100 26 longer long ADJ crl-15391 100 27 . . PUNCT crl-15391 101 1 an an DET crl-15391 101 2 even even ADV crl-15391 101 3 more more ADV crl-15391 101 4 marked marked ADJ crl-15391 101 5 trend trend NOUN crl-15391 101 6 can can AUX crl-15391 101 7 be be AUX crl-15391 101 8 seen see VERB crl-15391 101 9 among among ADP crl-15391 101 10 directors director NOUN crl-15391 101 11 holding hold VERB crl-15391 101 12 a a DET crl-15391 101 13 second second ADJ crl-15391 101 14 master master NOUN crl-15391 101 15 ’s ’s PRON crl-15391 101 16 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 101 17 . . PUNCT crl-15391 102 1 this this DET crl-15391 102 2 study study NOUN crl-15391 102 3 found find VERB crl-15391 102 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 102 5 of of ADP crl-15391 102 6 the the DET crl-15391 102 7 ten ten NUM crl-15391 102 8 directors director NOUN crl-15391 102 9 hold­ hold­ VERB crl-15391 102 10 ing ing NOUN crl-15391 102 11 a a DET crl-15391 102 12 second second ADJ crl-15391 102 13 master master NOUN crl-15391 102 14 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 102 15 and and CCONJ crl-15391 102 16 appointed appoint VERB crl-15391 102 17 in in ADP crl-15391 102 18 the the DET crl-15391 102 19 past past ADJ crl-15391 102 20 seven seven NUM crl-15391 102 21 years year NOUN crl-15391 102 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 102 23 eight eight NUM crl-15391 102 24 have have AUX crl-15391 102 25 been be AUX crl-15391 102 26 women woman NOUN crl-15391 102 27 and and CCONJ crl-15391 102 28 just just ADV crl-15391 102 29 two two NUM crl-15391 102 30 have have AUX crl-15391 102 31 been be AUX crl-15391 102 32 men man NOUN crl-15391 102 33 . . PUNCT crl-15391 103 1 discussion discussion NOUN crl-15391 103 2 many many ADJ crl-15391 103 3 college college NOUN crl-15391 103 4 and and CCONJ crl-15391 103 5 university university PROPN crl-15391 103 6 admin­ admin­ NOUN crl-15391 103 7 istrators istrator NOUN crl-15391 103 8 argue argue VERB crl-15391 103 9 that that SCONJ crl-15391 103 10 the the DET crl-15391 103 11 library library NOUN crl-15391 103 12 direc­ direc­ NOUN crl-15391 103 13 tor tor NOUN crl-15391 103 14 should should AUX crl-15391 103 15 hold hold VERB crl-15391 103 16 a a DET crl-15391 103 17 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 103 18 ; ; PUNCT crl-15391 103 19 indeed indeed ADV crl-15391 103 20 , , PUNCT crl-15391 103 21 23 23 NUM crl-15391 103 22 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 103 23 of of ADP crl-15391 103 24 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 103 25 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 103 26 advertisements advertisement NOUN crl-15391 103 27 in in ADP crl-15391 103 28 college college PROPN crl-15391 103 29 & & CCONJ crl-15391 103 30 research research PROPN crl-15391 103 31 libraries librarie VERB crl-15391 103 32 news news NOUN crl-15391 103 33 in in ADP crl-15391 103 34 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 103 35 and and CCONJ crl-15391 103 36 1999 1999 NUM crl-15391 103 37 ei­ ei­ VERB crl-15391 103 38 ther ther NOUN crl-15391 103 39 required require VERB crl-15391 103 40 or or CCONJ crl-15391 103 41 preferred prefer VERB crl-15391 103 42 a a DET crl-15391 103 43 doctor­ doctor­ NOUN crl-15391 103 44 ate ate NOUN crl-15391 103 45 , , PUNCT crl-15391 103 46 and and CCONJ crl-15391 103 47 21 21 NUM crl-15391 103 48 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 103 49 required require VERB crl-15391 103 50 or or CCONJ crl-15391 103 51 pre­ pre­ NOUN crl-15391 103 52 ferred ferre VERB crl-15391 103 53 a a DET crl-15391 103 54 second second ADJ crl-15391 103 55 master master NOUN crl-15391 103 56 ’s ’s NUM crl-15391 103 57 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 103 58 or or CCONJ crl-15391 104 1 doctorate.19 doctorate.19 NOUN crl-15391 104 2 administrators administrator NOUN crl-15391 105 1 may may AUX crl-15391 105 2 be­ be­ VERB crl-15391 105 3 lieve lieve VERB crl-15391 105 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 105 5 library library NOUN crl-15391 105 6 directors director NOUN crl-15391 105 7 with with ADP crl-15391 105 8 doc­ doc­ NOUN crl-15391 105 9 torates torate NOUN crl-15391 105 10 can can AUX crl-15391 105 11 provide provide VERB crl-15391 105 12 better well ADJ crl-15391 105 13 service service NOUN crl-15391 105 14 to to ADP crl-15391 105 15 students student NOUN crl-15391 105 16 pursuing pursue VERB crl-15391 105 17 a a DET crl-15391 105 18 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 105 19 be­ be­ PROPN crl-15391 105 20 cause cause SCONJ crl-15391 105 21 they they PRON crl-15391 105 22 have have VERB crl-15391 105 23 a a DET crl-15391 105 24 better well ADJ crl-15391 105 25 understand­ understand­ NOUN crl-15391 105 26 ing ing NOUN crl-15391 105 27 of of ADP crl-15391 105 28 the the DET crl-15391 105 29 process process NOUN crl-15391 105 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 106 1 of of ADP crl-15391 106 2 course course NOUN crl-15391 106 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 106 4 this this PRON crl-15391 106 5 should should AUX crl-15391 106 6 not not PART crl-15391 106 7 be be AUX crl-15391 106 8 an an DET crl-15391 106 9 issue issue NOUN crl-15391 106 10 among among ADP crl-15391 106 11 librar­ librar­ ADJ crl-15391 106 12 ians ian NOUN crl-15391 106 13 at at ADP crl-15391 106 14 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 106 15 i i PRON crl-15391 106 16 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 106 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 106 18 which which PRON crl-15391 106 19 by by ADP crl-15391 106 20 definition definition NOUN crl-15391 106 21 do do AUX crl-15391 106 22 not not PART crl-15391 106 23 grant grant VERB crl-15391 106 24 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-15391 106 25 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 106 26 . . PUNCT crl-15391 107 1 another another DET crl-15391 107 2 argument argument NOUN crl-15391 107 3 also also ADV crl-15391 107 4 was be AUX crl-15391 107 5 much much ADV crl-15391 107 6 greater great ADJ crl-15391 107 7 . . PUNCT crl-15391 108 1 in in ADP crl-15391 108 2 this this DET crl-15391 108 3 study study NOUN crl-15391 108 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 108 5 no no INTJ crl-15391 108 6 may may AUX crl-15391 108 7 be be AUX crl-15391 108 8 that that PRON crl-15391 108 9 because because SCONJ crl-15391 108 10 the the DET crl-15391 108 11 vast vast ADJ crl-15391 108 12 majority majority NOUN crl-15391 108 13 of of ADP crl-15391 108 14 woman woman NOUN crl-15391 108 15 with with ADP crl-15391 108 16 a a DET crl-15391 108 17 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 108 18 has have AUX crl-15391 108 19 held hold VERB crl-15391 108 20 her she PRON crl-15391 108 21 curteaching curteache VERB crl-15391 108 22 faculty faculty NOUN crl-15391 108 23 at at ADP crl-15391 108 24 small small ADJ crl-15391 108 25 and and CCONJ crl-15391 108 26 large large ADJ crl-15391 108 27 colrent colrent NOUN crl-15391 108 28 position position NOUN crl-15391 108 29 for for ADP crl-15391 108 30 more more ADJ crl-15391 108 31 than than ADP crl-15391 108 32 six six NUM crl-15391 108 33 years year NOUN crl-15391 108 34 and and CCONJ crl-15391 108 35 leges lex NOUN crl-15391 108 36 and and CCONJ crl-15391 108 37 universities university NOUN crl-15391 108 38 hold hold VERB crl-15391 108 39 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 108 40 , , PUNCT crl-15391 108 41 the the DET crl-15391 108 42 no no DET crl-15391 108 43 woman woman NOUN crl-15391 108 44 with with ADP crl-15391 108 45 a a DET crl-15391 108 46 second second ADJ crl-15391 108 47 master master NOUN crl-15391 108 48 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 108 49 for for ADP crl-15391 108 50 college college NOUN crl-15391 108 51 librarian librarian NOUN crl-15391 108 52 should should AUX crl-15391 108 53 as as ADV crl-15391 108 54 well well ADV crl-15391 108 55 , , PUNCT crl-15391 108 56 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-15391 108 57 more more ADJ crl-15391 108 58 than than ADP crl-15391 108 59 twenty twenty NUM crl-15391 108 60 years year NOUN crl-15391 108 61 . . PUNCT crl-15391 109 1 in in ADP crl-15391 109 2 contrast contrast NOUN crl-15391 109 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 109 4 more more ADJ crl-15391 109 5 as as ADP crl-15391 109 6 a a DET crl-15391 109 7 form form NOUN crl-15391 109 8 of of ADP crl-15391 109 9 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 109 10 penance penance NOUN crl-15391 109 11 . . PUNCT crl-15391 110 1 than than SCONJ crl-15391 110 2 half half NOUN crl-15391 110 3 of of ADP crl-15391 110 4 the the DET crl-15391 110 5 male male ADJ crl-15391 110 6 directors director NOUN crl-15391 110 7 with with ADP crl-15391 110 8 a a DET crl-15391 110 9 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-15391 110 10 is be AUX crl-15391 110 11 filled fill VERB crl-15391 110 12 with with ADP crl-15391 110 13 individu­ individu­ PROPN crl-15391 110 14 ph.d ph.d PROPN crl-15391 110 15 . . PUNCT crl-15391 111 1 have have AUX crl-15391 111 2 held hold VERB crl-15391 111 3 their their PRON crl-15391 111 4 position position NOUN crl-15391 111 5 for for ADP crl-15391 111 6 more more ADJ crl-15391 111 7 als al NOUN crl-15391 111 8 who who PRON crl-15391 111 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 111 10 after after ADP crl-15391 111 11 completing complete VERB crl-15391 111 12 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-15391 111 13 work work NOUN crl-15391 111 14 than than ADP crl-15391 111 15 ten ten NUM crl-15391 111 16 years year NOUN crl-15391 111 17 ; ; PUNCT crl-15391 111 18 only only ADV crl-15391 111 19 two two NUM crl-15391 111 20 of of ADP crl-15391 111 21 the the DET crl-15391 111 22 eleven eleven NUM crl-15391 111 23 in in ADP crl-15391 111 24 their their PRON crl-15391 111 25 respective respective ADJ crl-15391 111 26 fields field NOUN crl-15391 111 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 111 28 have have AUX crl-15391 111 29 turned turn VERB crl-15391 111 30 to to PART crl-15391 111 31 have have AUX crl-15391 111 32 held hold VERB crl-15391 111 33 their their PRON crl-15391 111 34 position position NOUN crl-15391 111 35 for for ADP crl-15391 111 36 less less ADJ crl-15391 111 37 than than ADP crl-15391 111 38 six six NUM crl-15391 111 39 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-15391 111 40 for for ADP crl-15391 111 41 employment employment NOUN crl-15391 111 42 . . PUNCT crl-15391 112 1 in in ADP crl-15391 112 2 discusyears discusyear NOUN crl-15391 112 3 . . PUNCT crl-15391 113 1 looking look VERB crl-15391 113 2 at at ADP crl-15391 113 3 the the DET crl-15391 113 4 results result NOUN crl-15391 113 5 in in ADP crl-15391 113 6 this this DET crl-15391 113 7 fashsions fashsion NOUN crl-15391 113 8 with with ADP crl-15391 113 9 the the DET crl-15391 113 10 author author NOUN crl-15391 113 11 , , PUNCT crl-15391 113 12 some some DET crl-15391 113 13 doctorate­ doctorate­ PROPN crl-15391 113 14 http http NOUN crl-15391 113 15 : : PUNCT crl-15391 113 16 doctorate.19 doctorate.19 NOUN crl-15391 113 17 406 406 NUM crl-15391 113 18 college college PROPN crl-15391 113 19 & & CCONJ crl-15391 113 20 research research PROPN crl-15391 113 21 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 113 22 september september PROPN crl-15391 113 23 2000 2000 NUM crl-15391 113 24 holding hold VERB crl-15391 113 25 library library NOUN crl-15391 113 26 students student NOUN crl-15391 113 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 113 28 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-15391 113 29 ruing rue VERB crl-15391 113 30 their their PRON crl-15391 113 31 earlier early ADJ crl-15391 113 32 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 113 33 choices choice NOUN crl-15391 113 34 , , PUNCT crl-15391 113 35 argued argue VERB crl-15391 113 36 that that SCONJ crl-15391 113 37 their their PRON crl-15391 113 38 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-15391 113 39 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 113 40 does do AUX crl-15391 113 41 not not PART crl-15391 113 42 help help VERB crl-15391 113 43 them they PRON crl-15391 113 44 in in ADP crl-15391 113 45 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-15391 113 46 : : PUNCT crl-15391 113 47 they they PRON crl-15391 113 48 know know VERB crl-15391 113 49 arcane arcane ADJ crl-15391 113 50 items item NOUN crl-15391 113 51 of of ADP crl-15391 113 52 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-15391 113 53 about about ADP crl-15391 113 54 their their PRON crl-15391 113 55 particu­ particu­ ADJ crl-15391 113 56 lar lar ADJ crl-15391 113 57 topic topic NOUN crl-15391 113 58 , , PUNCT crl-15391 113 59 but but CCONJ crl-15391 113 60 this this DET crl-15391 113 61 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-15391 113 62 does do VERB crl-15391 113 63 them they PRON crl-15391 113 64 little little ADV crl-15391 113 65 good good ADJ crl-15391 113 66 in in ADP crl-15391 113 67 assisting assist VERB crl-15391 113 68 patrons patron NOUN crl-15391 113 69 at at ADP crl-15391 113 70 a a DET crl-15391 113 71 refer­ refer­ NOUN crl-15391 113 72 ence ence NOUN crl-15391 113 73 desk desk NOUN crl-15391 113 74 or or CCONJ crl-15391 113 75 in in ADP crl-15391 113 76 cataloging catalog VERB crl-15391 113 77 books book NOUN crl-15391 113 78 in in ADP crl-15391 113 79 an­ an­ PROPN crl-15391 113 80 other other ADJ crl-15391 113 81 field field NOUN crl-15391 113 82 . . PUNCT crl-15391 114 1 however however ADV crl-15391 114 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 114 3 these these DET crl-15391 114 4 students student NOUN crl-15391 114 5 miss miss VERB crl-15391 114 6 the the DET crl-15391 114 7 point point NOUN crl-15391 114 8 of of ADP crl-15391 114 9 teaching teach VERB crl-15391 114 10 faculties faculty NOUN crl-15391 114 11 ’ ’ PART crl-15391 114 12 interest interest NOUN crl-15391 114 13 in in ADP crl-15391 114 14 a a DET crl-15391 114 15 librarian librarian NOUN crl-15391 114 16 with with ADP crl-15391 114 17 a a DET crl-15391 114 18 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 114 19 : : PUNCT crl-15391 114 20 teaching teach VERB crl-15391 114 21 fac­ fac­ PROPN crl-15391 114 22 ulty ulty PROPN crl-15391 114 23 do do AUX crl-15391 114 24 not not PART crl-15391 114 25 seek seek VERB crl-15391 114 26 someone someone PRON crl-15391 114 27 with with ADP crl-15391 114 28 esoteric esoteric ADJ crl-15391 114 29 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-15391 114 30 in in ADP crl-15391 114 31 a a DET crl-15391 114 32 given give VERB crl-15391 114 33 field field NOUN crl-15391 114 34 but but CCONJ crl-15391 114 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 114 36 rather rather ADV crl-15391 114 37 , , PUNCT crl-15391 114 38 someone someone PRON crl-15391 114 39 with with ADP crl-15391 114 40 some some DET crl-15391 114 41 personal personal ADJ crl-15391 114 42 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-15391 114 43 of of ADP crl-15391 114 44 the the DET crl-15391 114 45 experience experience NOUN crl-15391 114 46 and and CCONJ crl-15391 114 47 how how SCONJ crl-15391 114 48 it it PRON crl-15391 114 49 affects affect VERB crl-15391 114 50 doc­ doc­ NOUN crl-15391 114 51 toral toral ADJ crl-15391 114 52 students student NOUN crl-15391 114 53 . . PUNCT crl-15391 115 1 however however ADV crl-15391 115 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 115 3 one one NUM crl-15391 115 4 wonders wonder NOUN crl-15391 115 5 about about ADP crl-15391 115 6 the the DET crl-15391 115 7 im­ im­ PROPN crl-15391 115 8 portance portance NOUN crl-15391 115 9 of of ADP crl-15391 115 10 even even ADV crl-15391 115 11 that that DET crl-15391 115 12 argument argument NOUN crl-15391 115 13 . . PUNCT crl-15391 116 1 its its PRON crl-15391 116 2 rel­ rel­ NOUN crl-15391 116 3 evance evance NOUN crl-15391 116 4 in in ADP crl-15391 116 5 small small ADJ crl-15391 116 6 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 116 7 already already ADV crl-15391 116 8 has have AUX crl-15391 116 9 been be AUX crl-15391 116 10 refuted refute VERB crl-15391 116 11 . . PUNCT crl-15391 117 1 moreover moreover ADV crl-15391 117 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 117 3 even even ADV crl-15391 117 4 in in ADP crl-15391 117 5 the the DET crl-15391 117 6 largest large ADJ crl-15391 117 7 re­ re­ NOUN crl-15391 117 8 search search NOUN crl-15391 117 9 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 117 10 , , PUNCT crl-15391 117 11 methods method NOUN crl-15391 117 12 of of ADP crl-15391 117 13 researching research VERB crl-15391 117 14 and and CCONJ crl-15391 117 15 writing write VERB crl-15391 117 16 a a DET crl-15391 117 17 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 117 18 vary vary VERB crl-15391 117 19 so so ADV crl-15391 117 20 widely widely ADV crl-15391 117 21 among among ADP crl-15391 117 22 individuals individual NOUN crl-15391 117 23 and and CCONJ crl-15391 117 24 among among ADP crl-15391 117 25 fields field NOUN crl-15391 117 26 , , PUNCT crl-15391 117 27 and and CCONJ crl-15391 117 28 have have AUX crl-15391 117 29 changed change VERB crl-15391 117 30 so so ADV crl-15391 117 31 much much ADV crl-15391 117 32 over over ADP crl-15391 117 33 the the DET crl-15391 117 34 past past ADJ crl-15391 117 35 few few ADJ crl-15391 117 36 decades decade NOUN crl-15391 117 37 and and CCONJ crl-15391 117 38 will will AUX crl-15391 117 39 continue continue VERB crl-15391 117 40 to to PART crl-15391 117 41 change change VERB crl-15391 117 42 in in ADP crl-15391 117 43 ways way NOUN crl-15391 117 44 we we PRON crl-15391 117 45 can can AUX crl-15391 117 46 only only ADV crl-15391 117 47 guess guess VERB crl-15391 117 48 at at ADP crl-15391 117 49 , , PUNCT crl-15391 117 50 that that SCONJ crl-15391 117 51 the the DET crl-15391 117 52 argu­ argu­ PROPN crl-15391 117 53 ment ment NOUN crl-15391 117 54 for for ADP crl-15391 117 55 personal personal ADJ crl-15391 117 56 experience experience NOUN crl-15391 117 57 is be AUX crl-15391 117 58 not not PART crl-15391 117 59 as as ADV crl-15391 117 60 powerful powerful ADJ crl-15391 117 61 as as SCONJ crl-15391 117 62 some some DET crl-15391 117 63 faculty faculty NOUN crl-15391 117 64 suggest suggest VERB crl-15391 117 65 . . PUNCT crl-15391 118 1 at at ADP crl-15391 118 2 the the DET crl-15391 118 3 same same ADJ crl-15391 118 4 time time NOUN crl-15391 118 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 118 6 the the DET crl-15391 118 7 process process NOUN crl-15391 118 8 of of ADP crl-15391 118 9 obtain­ obtain­ DET crl-15391 118 10 ing ing NOUN crl-15391 118 11 a a DET crl-15391 118 12 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 118 13 differs differ VERB crl-15391 118 14 dramatically dramatically ADV crl-15391 118 15 from from ADP crl-15391 118 16 that that PRON crl-15391 118 17 of of ADP crl-15391 118 18 composing compose VERB crl-15391 118 19 a a DET crl-15391 118 20 master master NOUN crl-15391 118 21 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 118 22 paper paper NOUN crl-15391 118 23 or or CCONJ crl-15391 118 24 a a DET crl-15391 118 25 master master NOUN crl-15391 118 26 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 118 27 thesis thesis NOUN crl-15391 118 28 . . PUNCT crl-15391 119 1 many many ADJ crl-15391 119 2 of of ADP crl-15391 119 3 the the DET crl-15391 119 4 college college NOUN crl-15391 119 5 librar­ librar­ ADP crl-15391 119 6 ians ian NOUN crl-15391 119 7 in in ADP crl-15391 119 8 this this DET crl-15391 119 9 study study NOUN crl-15391 119 10 have have VERB crl-15391 119 11 a a DET crl-15391 119 12 second second ADJ crl-15391 119 13 master master NOUN crl-15391 119 14 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 119 15 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 119 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 119 17 so so SCONJ crl-15391 119 18 they they PRON crl-15391 119 19 may may AUX crl-15391 119 20 have have AUX crl-15391 119 21 written write VERB crl-15391 119 22 a a DET crl-15391 119 23 master master NOUN crl-15391 119 24 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 119 25 paper paper NOUN crl-15391 119 26 in in ADP crl-15391 119 27 library library PROPN crl-15391 119 28 school school NOUN crl-15391 119 29 and and CCONJ crl-15391 119 30 a a DET crl-15391 119 31 master master NOUN crl-15391 119 32 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 119 33 thesis thesis NOUN crl-15391 119 34 in in ADP crl-15391 119 35 their their PRON crl-15391 119 36 other other ADJ crl-15391 119 37 field field NOUN crl-15391 119 38 , , PUNCT crl-15391 119 39 or or CCONJ crl-15391 119 40 per­ per­ NOUN crl-15391 119 41 haps hap NOUN crl-15391 119 42 even even ADV crl-15391 119 43 two two NUM crl-15391 119 44 theses thesis NOUN crl-15391 119 45 . . PUNCT crl-15391 120 1 but but CCONJ crl-15391 120 2 a a DET crl-15391 120 3 thesis thesis NOUN crl-15391 120 4 can can AUX crl-15391 120 5 not not PART crl-15391 120 6 compare compare VERB crl-15391 120 7 to to ADP crl-15391 120 8 the the DET crl-15391 120 9 research research NOUN crl-15391 120 10 and and CCONJ crl-15391 120 11 intellectual intellectual ADJ crl-15391 120 12 rigor rigor NOUN crl-15391 120 13 that that PRON crl-15391 120 14 goes go VERB crl-15391 120 15 into into ADP crl-15391 120 16 a a DET crl-15391 120 17 well well ADV crl-15391 120 18 - - PUNCT crl-15391 120 19 argued argue VERB crl-15391 120 20 and and CCONJ crl-15391 120 21 wellwritten wellwritten ADJ crl-15391 120 22 dissertation dissertation NOUN crl-15391 120 23 . . PUNCT crl-15391 121 1 a a DET crl-15391 121 2 master master NOUN crl-15391 121 3 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 121 4 thesis thesis NOUN crl-15391 121 5 is be AUX crl-15391 121 6 often often ADV crl-15391 121 7 written write VERB crl-15391 121 8 in in ADP crl-15391 121 9 one one NUM crl-15391 121 10 or or CCONJ crl-15391 121 11 two two NUM crl-15391 121 12 semesters semester NOUN crl-15391 121 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 121 14 with with ADP crl-15391 121 15 limited limit VERB crl-15391 121 16 off off ADP crl-15391 121 17 - - PUNCT crl-15391 121 18 campus campus NOUN crl-15391 121 19 research research NOUN crl-15391 121 20 , , PUNCT crl-15391 121 21 whereas whereas SCONJ crl-15391 121 22 a a DET crl-15391 121 23 dissertation dissertation NOUN crl-15391 121 24 usually usually ADV crl-15391 121 25 requires require VERB crl-15391 121 26 years year NOUN crl-15391 121 27 of of ADP crl-15391 121 28 re­ re­ NOUN crl-15391 121 29 search search NOUN crl-15391 121 30 and and CCONJ crl-15391 121 31 composition composition NOUN crl-15391 121 32 . . PUNCT crl-15391 122 1 in in ADP crl-15391 122 2 many many ADJ crl-15391 122 3 humani­ humani­ ADJ crl-15391 122 4 ties tie NOUN crl-15391 122 5 fields field NOUN crl-15391 122 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 122 7 that that DET crl-15391 122 8 research research NOUN crl-15391 122 9 must must AUX crl-15391 122 10 be be AUX crl-15391 122 11 completed complete VERB crl-15391 122 12 in in ADP crl-15391 122 13 remote remote ADJ crl-15391 122 14 or or CCONJ crl-15391 122 15 foreign foreign ADJ crl-15391 122 16 locations location NOUN crl-15391 122 17 . . PUNCT crl-15391 123 1 in in ADP crl-15391 123 2 the the DET crl-15391 123 3 physi­ physi­ PROPN crl-15391 123 4 cal cal PROPN crl-15391 123 5 sciences sciences PROPN crl-15391 123 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 123 7 it it PRON crl-15391 123 8 often often ADV crl-15391 123 9 involves involve VERB crl-15391 123 10 the the DET crl-15391 123 11 use use NOUN crl-15391 123 12 of of ADP crl-15391 123 13 facilities facility NOUN crl-15391 123 14 not not PART crl-15391 123 15 available available ADJ crl-15391 123 16 at at ADP crl-15391 123 17 the the DET crl-15391 123 18 student student NOUN crl-15391 123 19 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 123 20 home home NOUN crl-15391 123 21 campus campus NOUN crl-15391 123 22 . . PUNCT crl-15391 124 1 with with ADP crl-15391 124 2 the the DET crl-15391 124 3 average average ADJ crl-15391 124 4 disserta­ disserta­ NOUN crl-15391 124 5 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 124 6 taking take VERB crl-15391 124 7 several several ADJ crl-15391 124 8 years year NOUN crl-15391 124 9 to to PART crl-15391 124 10 research research VERB crl-15391 124 11 and and CCONJ crl-15391 124 12 write write VERB crl-15391 124 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 124 14 the the DET crl-15391 124 15 difference difference NOUN crl-15391 124 16 between between ADP crl-15391 124 17 a a DET crl-15391 124 18 disserta­ disserta­ PROPN crl-15391 124 19 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 124 20 and and CCONJ crl-15391 124 21 a a DET crl-15391 124 22 thesis thesis NOUN crl-15391 124 23 is be AUX crl-15391 124 24 very very ADV crl-15391 124 25 clear clear ADJ crl-15391 124 26 . . PUNCT crl-15391 125 1 the the DET crl-15391 125 2 first first ADJ crl-15391 125 3 of of ADP crl-15391 125 4 james james PROPN crl-15391 125 5 axtell axtell PROPN crl-15391 125 6 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 125 7 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 125 8 twenty twenty NUM crl-15391 125 9 - - PUNCT crl-15391 125 10 five five NUM crl-15391 125 11 reasons reason NOUN crl-15391 125 12 to to PART crl-15391 125 13 publish publish VERB crl-15391 125 14 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 125 15 puts put VERB crl-15391 125 16 a a DET crl-15391 125 17 more more ADV crl-15391 125 18 positive positive ADJ crl-15391 125 19 light light NOUN crl-15391 125 20 on on ADP crl-15391 125 21 the the DET crl-15391 125 22 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 125 23 and and CCONJ crl-15391 125 24 its its PRON crl-15391 125 25 role role NOUN crl-15391 125 26 in in ADP crl-15391 125 27 the the DET crl-15391 125 28 creation creation NOUN crl-15391 125 29 of of ADP crl-15391 125 30 a a DET crl-15391 125 31 faculty faculty NOUN crl-15391 125 32 member member NOUN crl-15391 125 33 : : PUNCT crl-15391 125 34 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 125 35 the the DET crl-15391 125 36 great great ADJ crl-15391 125 37 majority majority NOUN crl-15391 125 38 of of ADP crl-15391 125 39 those those PRON crl-15391 125 40 who who PRON crl-15391 125 41 have have AUX crl-15391 125 42 completed complete VERB crl-15391 125 43 the the DET crl-15391 125 44 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 125 45 consider consider VERB crl-15391 125 46 the the DET crl-15391 125 47 most most ADV crl-15391 125 48 valuable valuable ADJ crl-15391 125 49 and and CCONJ crl-15391 125 50 enjoyable enjoyable ADJ crl-15391 125 51 part part NOUN crl-15391 125 52 of of ADP crl-15391 125 53 their their PRON crl-15391 125 54 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-15391 125 55 work work NOUN crl-15391 125 56 not not PART crl-15391 125 57 the the DET crl-15391 125 58 courses course NOUN crl-15391 125 59 nor nor CCONJ crl-15391 125 60 the the DET crl-15391 125 61 language language NOUN crl-15391 125 62 , , PUNCT crl-15391 125 63 comprehen­ comprehen­ NOUN crl-15391 125 64 sive sive NOUN crl-15391 125 65 , , PUNCT crl-15391 125 66 and and CCONJ crl-15391 125 67 oral oral ADJ crl-15391 125 68 exams exam NOUN crl-15391 125 69 , , PUNCT crl-15391 125 70 but but CCONJ crl-15391 125 71 the the DET crl-15391 125 72 research research NOUN crl-15391 125 73 for for ADP crl-15391 125 74 and and CCONJ crl-15391 125 75 writing writing NOUN crl-15391 125 76 of of ADP crl-15391 125 77 the the DET crl-15391 125 78 dissertation dissertation NOUN crl-15391 125 79 , , PUNCT crl-15391 125 80 the the DET crl-15391 125 81 last last ADJ crl-15391 125 82 act act NOUN crl-15391 125 83 of of ADP crl-15391 125 84 their their PRON crl-15391 125 85 lives life NOUN crl-15391 125 86 as as ADP crl-15391 125 87 dependent dependent ADJ crl-15391 125 88 students student NOUN crl-15391 125 89 and and CCONJ crl-15391 125 90 the the DET crl-15391 125 91 first first ADJ crl-15391 125 92 step step NOUN crl-15391 125 93 toward toward ADP crl-15391 125 94 their their PRON crl-15391 125 95 intellectual intellectual ADJ crl-15391 125 96 independence independence NOUN crl-15391 125 97 as as ADP crl-15391 125 98 professors professor NOUN crl-15391 125 99 . . PUNCT crl-15391 126 1 ”20 ”20 PROPN crl-15391 126 2 citing cite VERB crl-15391 126 3 theodore theodore PROPN crl-15391 126 4 ziolkowski ziolkowski PROPN crl-15391 126 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 126 6 a a DET crl-15391 126 7 former former ADJ crl-15391 126 8 graduate graduate NOUN crl-15391 126 9 table table NOUN crl-15391 126 10 3 3 NUM crl-15391 126 11 institutional institutional ADJ crl-15391 126 12 statistics statistic NOUN crl-15391 126 13 by by ADP crl-15391 126 14 director director NOUN crl-15391 126 15 's 's PART crl-15391 126 16 education education NOUN crl-15391 126 17 level level NOUN crl-15391 126 18 [ [ PUNCT crl-15391 126 19 mean mean VERB crl-15391 126 20 average average ADJ crl-15391 126 21 / / SYM crl-15391 126 22 median median ADJ crl-15391 126 23 average average NOUN crl-15391 126 24 ] ] PUNCT crl-15391 126 25 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 126 26 enrolled enrol VERB crl-15391 126 27 professionals professional NOUN crl-15391 126 28 fte fte VERB crl-15391 126 29 library library NOUN crl-15391 126 30 students student NOUN crl-15391 126 31 in in ADP crl-15391 126 32 library library NOUN crl-15391 126 33 employees employee NOUN crl-15391 126 34 female female ADJ crl-15391 126 35 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 126 36 n=5 n=5 NOUN crl-15391 126 37 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 126 38 1,589 1,589 NUM crl-15391 126 39 / / SYM crl-15391 126 40 1,888 1,888 NUM crl-15391 126 41 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 126 42 / / SYM crl-15391 126 43 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 126 44 24.7 24.7 NUM crl-15391 126 45 / / SYM crl-15391 126 46 31.4 31.4 NUM crl-15391 126 47 ph.d ph.d PROPN crl-15391 126 48 . . PUNCT crl-15391 127 1 male male PROPN crl-15391 127 2 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 3 n=11 n=11 PROPN crl-15391 127 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 5 2,029 2,029 NUM crl-15391 127 6 / / SYM crl-15391 127 7 1,301 1,301 NUM crl-15391 127 8 8.8 8.8 NUM crl-15391 127 9 / / SYM crl-15391 127 10 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 127 11 30.0 30.0 NUM crl-15391 127 12 / / SYM crl-15391 127 13 21.6 21.6 NUM crl-15391 127 14 female female ADJ crl-15391 127 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 16 n=11 n=11 PROPN crl-15391 127 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 18 1,461 1,461 NUM crl-15391 127 19 / / SYM crl-15391 127 20 1,842 1,842 NUM crl-15391 127 21 6.8 6.8 NUM crl-15391 127 22 / / SYM crl-15391 127 23 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 127 24 25.5 25.5 NUM crl-15391 127 25 / / SYM crl-15391 127 26 24.3 24.3 NUM crl-15391 127 27 mls mls PROPN crl-15391 127 28 & & CCONJ crl-15391 127 29 2nd 2nd PROPN crl-15391 127 30 master master PROPN crl-15391 127 31 's 's PART crl-15391 127 32 male male NOUN crl-15391 127 33 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 34 n-20 n-20 PROPN crl-15391 127 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 36 1,613 1,613 NUM crl-15391 127 37 / / SYM crl-15391 127 38 1,293 1,293 NUM crl-15391 127 39 7.5 7.5 NUM crl-15391 127 40 / / SYM crl-15391 127 41 5.8 5.8 NUM crl-15391 127 42 25.6 25.6 NUM crl-15391 127 43 / / SYM crl-15391 127 44 24.2 24.2 NUM crl-15391 127 45 female female ADJ crl-15391 127 46 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 47 n=17 n=17 PROPN crl-15391 127 48 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 49 1,308 1,308 NUM crl-15391 127 50 / / SYM crl-15391 127 51 1,226 1,226 NUM crl-15391 127 52 7.8 7.8 NUM crl-15391 127 53 / / SYM crl-15391 127 54 6.3 6.3 NUM crl-15391 127 55 29.1 29.1 NUM crl-15391 127 56 / / SYM crl-15391 127 57 25.0 25.0 NUM crl-15391 127 58 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 127 59 only only ADV crl-15391 127 60 male male ADJ crl-15391 127 61 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 62 n=15 n=15 PROPN crl-15391 127 63 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 64 1,363 1,363 NUM crl-15391 127 65 / / SYM crl-15391 127 66 1,225 1,225 NUM crl-15391 127 67 7.4 7.4 NUM crl-15391 127 68 / / SYM crl-15391 127 69 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 127 70 26.1 26.1 NUM crl-15391 127 71 / / SYM crl-15391 127 72 21.5 21.5 NUM crl-15391 127 73 female female ADJ crl-15391 127 74 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 75 n=33 n=33 PROPN crl-15391 127 76 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 77 1,402 1,402 NUM crl-15391 127 78 / / SYM crl-15391 127 79 1,482 1,482 NUM crl-15391 127 80 7.2 7.2 NUM crl-15391 127 81 / / SYM crl-15391 127 82 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 127 83 27.2 27.2 NUM crl-15391 127 84 / / SYM crl-15391 127 85 25.0 25.0 NUM crl-15391 127 86 male male NOUN crl-15391 127 87 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 88 n=46 n=46 PROPN crl-15391 127 89 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 90 1,631 1,631 NUM crl-15391 127 91 / / SYM crl-15391 127 92 1,284 1,284 NUM crl-15391 127 93 7.8 7.8 NUM crl-15391 127 94 / / SYM crl-15391 127 95 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 127 96 27.0 27.0 NUM crl-15391 127 97 / / SYM crl-15391 127 98 21.5 21.5 NUM crl-15391 127 99 total total ADJ crl-15391 127 100 averages average NOUN crl-15391 127 101 female female PROPN crl-15391 127 102 & & CCONJ crl-15391 127 103 male male PROPN crl-15391 127 104 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 105 n=79 n=79 PROPN crl-15391 127 106 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 107 1,535 1,535 NUM crl-15391 127 108 / / SYM crl-15391 127 109 1,320 1,320 NUM crl-15391 127 110 7.5 7.5 NUM crl-15391 127 111 / / SYM crl-15391 127 112 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 127 113 27.1 27.1 NUM crl-15391 127 114 / / SYM crl-15391 127 115 21.6 21.6 NUM crl-15391 127 116 the the DET crl-15391 127 117 presence presence NOUN crl-15391 127 118 of of ADP crl-15391 127 119 the the DET crl-15391 127 120 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 127 121 among among ADP crl-15391 127 122 small small ADJ crl-15391 127 123 college college NOUN crl-15391 127 124 library library NOUN crl-15391 127 125 directors director NOUN crl-15391 127 126 407 407 NUM crl-15391 127 127 the the DET crl-15391 127 128 administration’stable administration’stable ADJ crl-15391 127 129 4 4 NUM crl-15391 127 130 fervent fervent NOUN crl-15391 127 131 desire desire NOUN crl-15391 127 132 that that SCONJ crl-15391 127 133 the the DET crl-15391 127 134 mean mean ADJ crl-15391 127 135 and and CCONJ crl-15391 127 136 median median ADJ crl-15391 127 137 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 127 138 , , PUNCT crl-15391 127 139 in in ADP crl-15391 127 140 years year NOUN crl-15391 127 141 , , PUNCT crl-15391 127 142 of of ADP crl-15391 127 143 small small ADJ crl-15391 127 144 library library NOUN crl-15391 127 145 director director NOUN crl-15391 127 146 hold hold VERB crl-15391 127 147 college college NOUN crl-15391 127 148 directors director NOUN crl-15391 127 149 for for ADP crl-15391 127 150 whom whom PRON crl-15391 127 151 data datum NOUN crl-15391 127 152 were be AUX crl-15391 127 153 available available ADJ crl-15391 127 154 , , PUNCT crl-15391 127 155 an an DET crl-15391 127 156 earned earn VERB crl-15391 127 157 doctorate.versus doctorate.versus NOUN crl-15391 127 158 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 127 159 and and CCONJ crl-15391 127 160 level level NOUN crl-15391 127 161 of of ADP crl-15391 127 162 education education NOUN crl-15391 127 163 such such ADJ crl-15391 127 164 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 127 165 expect expect VERB crl-15391 127 166 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 127 167 candi candi ADJ crl-15391 127 168 - - PUNCT crl-15391 127 169 gender gender NOUN crl-15391 127 170 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 127 171 as as SCONJ crl-15391 127 172 director director NOUN crl-15391 127 173 dates date VERB crl-15391 127 174 to to PART crl-15391 127 175 hold hold VERB crl-15391 127 176 a a DET crl-15391 127 177 doctorfemale doctorfemale NOUN crl-15391 127 178 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 127 179 n=5 n=5 NOUN crl-15391 127 180 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 127 181 3.2 3.2 NUM crl-15391 127 182 / / SYM crl-15391 127 183 2.0 2.0 NUM crl-15391 127 184 ate ate VERB crl-15391 127 185 , , PUNCT crl-15391 127 186 though though SCONJ crl-15391 127 187 the the DET crl-15391 127 188 field field NOUN crl-15391 127 189 in in ADP crl-15391 127 190 ph.d ph.d PROPN crl-15391 127 191 . . PUNCT crl-15391 128 1 male male PROPN crl-15391 128 2 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 128 3 n=11 n=11 PROPN crl-15391 128 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 128 5 13.6 13.6 NUM crl-15391 128 6 / / SYM crl-15391 128 7 13.0 13.0 NUM crl-15391 128 8 which which PRON crl-15391 128 9 the the DET crl-15391 128 10 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 128 11 female female NOUN crl-15391 128 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 128 13 n=11 n=11 PROPN crl-15391 128 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 128 15 5.9 5.9 NUM crl-15391 128 16 / / SYM crl-15391 128 17 5.0 5.0 NUM crl-15391 128 18 was be AUX crl-15391 128 19 obtained obtain VERB crl-15391 128 20 is be AUX crl-15391 128 21 irrelmls irrelmls ADJ crl-15391 128 22 & & CCONJ crl-15391 128 23 2nd 2nd PROPN crl-15391 128 24 master master PROPN crl-15391 128 25 's 's PART crl-15391 128 26 male male NOUN crl-15391 128 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 128 28 n=19 n=19 PROPN crl-15391 128 29 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 128 30 14.8 14.8 NUM crl-15391 128 31 / / SYM crl-15391 128 32 14.0 14.0 NUM crl-15391 128 33 evant evant NOUN crl-15391 128 34 . . PUNCT crl-15391 129 1 various various ADJ crl-15391 129 2 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 129 3 schools school NOUN crl-15391 129 4 have have AUX crl-15391 129 5 recently recently ADV crl-15391 129 6 female female ADJ crl-15391 129 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 129 8 n=14 n=14 PROPN crl-15391 129 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 129 10 11.3 11.3 NUM crl-15391 129 11 / / SYM crl-15391 129 12 9.5 9.5 NUM crl-15391 129 13 hired hire VERB crl-15391 129 14 library library NOUN crl-15391 129 15 directors director NOUN crl-15391 129 16 mls mls VERB crl-15391 129 17 only only ADV crl-15391 129 18 male male ADJ crl-15391 129 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 129 20 n=15 n=15 PROPN crl-15391 129 21 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 129 22 12.7 12.7 NUM crl-15391 129 23 / / SYM crl-15391 129 24 13.0 13.0 NUM crl-15391 129 25 who who PRON crl-15391 129 26 do do AUX crl-15391 129 27 not not PART crl-15391 129 28 hold hold VERB crl-15391 129 29 doc doc PROPN crl-15391 129 30 - - PUNCT crl-15391 129 31 female female ADJ crl-15391 129 32 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 129 33 n=30 n=30 PROPN crl-15391 129 34 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 129 35 total total ADJ crl-15391 129 36 averages average NOUN crl-15391 129 37 male male PROPN crl-15391 129 38 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 129 39 n=45 n=45 NOUN crl-15391 129 40 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 129 41 female female NOUN crl-15391 129 42 & & CCONJ crl-15391 129 43 male male PROPN crl-15391 129 44 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 129 45 n=75 n=75 PROPN crl-15391 129 46 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 129 47 dean dean NOUN crl-15391 129 48 at at ADP crl-15391 129 49 princeton princeton PROPN crl-15391 129 50 , , PUNCT crl-15391 129 51 axtell axtell PROPN crl-15391 129 52 asserted assert VERB crl-15391 129 53 that that SCONJ crl-15391 129 54 the the DET crl-15391 129 55 dissertation dissertation NOUN crl-15391 129 56 shows show VERB crl-15391 129 57 the the DET crl-15391 129 58 new new ADJ crl-15391 129 59 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 129 60 . . PUNCT crl-15391 130 1 how how SCONJ crl-15391 130 2 to to PART crl-15391 130 3 organize organize VERB crl-15391 130 4 a a DET crl-15391 130 5 course course NOUN crl-15391 130 6 and and CCONJ crl-15391 130 7 write write VERB crl-15391 130 8 a a DET crl-15391 130 9 good good ADJ crl-15391 130 10 book book NOUN crl-15391 130 11 . . PUNCT crl-15391 131 1 ironically ironically ADV crl-15391 131 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 131 3 it it PRON crl-15391 131 4 is be AUX crl-15391 131 5 more more ADV crl-15391 131 6 likely likely ADJ crl-15391 131 7 that that SCONJ crl-15391 131 8 library library NOUN crl-15391 131 9 di­ di­ PROPN crl-15391 131 10 rectors rector NOUN crl-15391 131 11 at at ADP crl-15391 131 12 non non ADJ crl-15391 131 13 - - ADJ crl-15391 131 14 doctorate doctorate ADJ crl-15391 131 15 - - PUNCT crl-15391 131 16 granting grant VERB crl-15391 131 17 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 131 18 are be AUX crl-15391 131 19 teaching teach VERB crl-15391 131 20 courses course NOUN crl-15391 131 21 more more ADJ crl-15391 131 22 than than ADP crl-15391 131 23 library library NOUN crl-15391 131 24 di­ di­ PROPN crl-15391 131 25 rectors rector NOUN crl-15391 131 26 at at ADP crl-15391 131 27 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 131 28 - - PUNCT crl-15391 131 29 granting grant VERB crl-15391 131 30 universities university NOUN crl-15391 131 31 . . PUNCT crl-15391 132 1 as as SCONJ crl-15391 132 2 stated state VERB crl-15391 132 3 previously previously ADV crl-15391 132 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 132 5 one one NUM crl-15391 132 6 female female ADJ crl-15391 132 7 direc­ direc­ NOUN crl-15391 132 8 tor tor NOUN crl-15391 132 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 132 10 responding respond VERB crl-15391 132 11 to to ADP crl-15391 132 12 the the DET crl-15391 132 13 e e NOUN crl-15391 132 14 - - NOUN crl-15391 132 15 mail mail NOUN crl-15391 132 16 request request NOUN crl-15391 132 17 for for ADP crl-15391 132 18 confirmation confirmation NOUN crl-15391 132 19 of of ADP crl-15391 132 20 data datum NOUN crl-15391 132 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 132 22 proposed propose VERB crl-15391 132 23 that that SCONJ crl-15391 132 24 the the DET crl-15391 132 25 push push NOUN crl-15391 132 26 for for ADP crl-15391 132 27 increasing increase VERB crl-15391 132 28 the the DET crl-15391 132 29 number number NOUN crl-15391 132 30 of of ADP crl-15391 132 31 women woman NOUN crl-15391 132 32 in in ADP crl-15391 132 33 administrative administrative ADJ crl-15391 132 34 and and CCONJ crl-15391 132 35 directorial directorial ADJ crl-15391 132 36 positions position NOUN crl-15391 132 37 may may AUX crl-15391 132 38 have have AUX crl-15391 132 39 led lead VERB crl-15391 132 40 to to ADP crl-15391 132 41 an an DET crl-15391 132 42 increase increase NOUN crl-15391 132 43 in in ADP crl-15391 132 44 the the DET crl-15391 132 45 promo­ promo­ PROPN crl-15391 132 46 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 132 47 of of ADP crl-15391 132 48 women woman NOUN crl-15391 132 49 without without ADP crl-15391 132 50 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 132 51 . . PUNCT crl-15391 133 1 the the DET crl-15391 133 2 implication implication NOUN crl-15391 133 3 is be AUX crl-15391 133 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 133 5 few few ADJ crl-15391 133 6 qualified qualified ADJ crl-15391 133 7 female female ADJ crl-15391 133 8 candidates candidate NOUN crl-15391 133 9 hold hold VERB crl-15391 133 10 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 133 11 . . PUNCT crl-15391 134 1 this this DET crl-15391 134 2 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 134 3 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 134 4 results result NOUN crl-15391 134 5 do do AUX crl-15391 134 6 show show VERB crl-15391 134 7 that that SCONJ crl-15391 134 8 twice twice ADV crl-15391 134 9 as as ADV crl-15391 134 10 many many ADJ crl-15391 134 11 male male NOUN crl-15391 134 12 as as SCONJ crl-15391 134 13 female female ADJ crl-15391 134 14 directors director NOUN crl-15391 134 15 hold hold VERB crl-15391 134 16 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 134 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 134 18 whereas whereas SCONJ crl-15391 134 19 just just ADV crl-15391 134 20 over over ADP crl-15391 134 21 40 40 NUM crl-15391 134 22 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 134 23 of of ADP crl-15391 134 24 the the DET crl-15391 134 25 posi­ posi­ PROPN crl-15391 134 26 tions tion NOUN crl-15391 134 27 are be AUX crl-15391 134 28 currently currently ADV crl-15391 134 29 held hold VERB crl-15391 134 30 by by ADP crl-15391 134 31 women woman NOUN crl-15391 134 32 . . PUNCT crl-15391 135 1 how­ how­ X crl-15391 135 2 ever ever ADV crl-15391 135 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 135 4 there there PRON crl-15391 135 5 should should AUX crl-15391 135 6 be be AUX crl-15391 135 7 no no DET crl-15391 135 8 lack lack NOUN crl-15391 135 9 of of ADP crl-15391 135 10 women woman NOUN crl-15391 135 11 with with ADP crl-15391 135 12 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 135 13 : : PUNCT crl-15391 135 14 in in ADP crl-15391 135 15 1996 1996 NUM crl-15391 135 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 135 17 47 47 NUM crl-15391 135 18 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 135 19 of of ADP crl-15391 135 20 u.s u.s PROPN crl-15391 135 21 . . PROPN crl-15391 135 22 citizens citizen NOUN crl-15391 135 23 receiving receive VERB crl-15391 135 24 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 135 25 at at ADP crl-15391 135 26 american american ADJ crl-15391 135 27 universities university NOUN crl-15391 135 28 were be AUX crl-15391 135 29 women woman NOUN crl-15391 135 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 136 1 in in ADP crl-15391 136 2 the the DET crl-15391 136 3 same same ADJ crl-15391 136 4 year year NOUN crl-15391 136 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 136 6 forty forty NUM crl-15391 136 7 of of ADP crl-15391 136 8 the the DET crl-15391 136 9 forty forty NUM crl-15391 136 10 - - PUNCT crl-15391 136 11 nine nine NUM crl-15391 136 12 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 136 13 granted grant VERB crl-15391 136 14 in in ADP crl-15391 136 15 library library NOUN crl-15391 136 16 science science NOUN crl-15391 136 17 were be AUX crl-15391 136 18 earned earn VERB crl-15391 136 19 by by ADP crl-15391 136 20 women.21 women.21 NOUN crl-15391 136 21 conclusion conclusion NOUN crl-15391 136 22 the the DET crl-15391 136 23 role role NOUN crl-15391 136 24 of of ADP crl-15391 136 25 the the DET crl-15391 136 26 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 136 27 among among ADP crl-15391 136 28 library library NOUN crl-15391 136 29 directors director NOUN crl-15391 136 30 is be AUX crl-15391 136 31 one one NUM crl-15391 136 32 that that PRON crl-15391 136 33 clearly clearly ADV crl-15391 136 34 raises raise VERB crl-15391 136 35 concern concern NOUN crl-15391 136 36 at at ADP crl-15391 136 37 many many ADJ crl-15391 136 38 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 136 39 . . PUNCT crl-15391 137 1 it it PRON crl-15391 137 2 almost almost ADV crl-15391 137 3 seems seem VERB crl-15391 137 4 as as SCONJ crl-15391 137 5 if if SCONJ crl-15391 137 6 a a DET crl-15391 137 7 reverse reverse ADJ crl-15391 137 8 correlation correlation NOUN crl-15391 137 9 exists exist VERB crl-15391 137 10 between between ADP crl-15391 137 11 an an DET crl-15391 137 12 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 137 13 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 137 14 view view NOUN crl-15391 137 15 of of ADP crl-15391 137 16 its its PRON crl-15391 137 17 own own ADJ crl-15391 137 18 reputation reputation NOUN crl-15391 137 19 and and CCONJ crl-15391 137 20 8.0 8.0 NUM crl-15391 137 21 / / SYM crl-15391 137 22 6.0 6.0 NUM crl-15391 137 23 torates torate NOUN crl-15391 137 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 137 25 an an DET crl-15391 137 26 act act NOUN crl-15391 137 27 that that PRON crl-15391 137 28 has13.8 has13.8 PROPN crl-15391 137 29 / / SYM crl-15391 137 30 13.0 13.0 NUM crl-15391 137 31 had have VERB crl-15391 137 32 little little ADJ crl-15391 137 33 or or CCONJ crl-15391 137 34 no no PRON crl-15391 137 35 nega­ nega­ NOUN crl-15391 137 36 tive tive NOUN crl-15391 137 37 effect effect NOUN crl-15391 137 38 on on ADP crl-15391 137 39 the the DET crl-15391 137 40 11.5 11.5 NUM crl-15391 137 41 / / SYM crl-15391 137 42 10.0 10.0 NUM crl-15391 137 43 institution institution NOUN crl-15391 137 44 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 137 45 or or CCONJ crl-15391 137 46 its its PRON crl-15391 137 47 library library NOUN crl-15391 137 48 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 137 49 reputation reputation NOUN crl-15391 137 50 . . PUNCT crl-15391 138 1 a a DET crl-15391 138 2 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 138 3 in in ADP crl-15391 138 4 and and CCONJ crl-15391 138 5 of of ADP crl-15391 138 6 itself itself PRON crl-15391 138 7 does do AUX crl-15391 138 8 not not PART crl-15391 138 9 make make VERB crl-15391 138 10 a a DET crl-15391 138 11 library library NOUN crl-15391 138 12 director director NOUN crl-15391 138 13 a a DET crl-15391 138 14 success success NOUN crl-15391 138 15 . . PUNCT crl-15391 139 1 one one NUM crl-15391 139 2 could could AUX crl-15391 139 3 ar­ ar­ VERB crl-15391 139 4 gue gue VERB crl-15391 139 5 that that SCONJ crl-15391 139 6 the the DET crl-15391 139 7 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 139 8 may may AUX crl-15391 139 9 better well ADV crl-15391 139 10 prepare prepare VERB crl-15391 139 11 a a DET crl-15391 139 12 librarian librarian NOUN crl-15391 139 13 for for ADP crl-15391 139 14 dealing deal VERB crl-15391 139 15 with with ADP crl-15391 139 16 students student NOUN crl-15391 139 17 do­ do­ VERB crl-15391 139 18 ing e VERB crl-15391 139 19 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-15391 139 20 - - PUNCT crl-15391 139 21 level level NOUN crl-15391 139 22 research research NOUN crl-15391 139 23 , , PUNCT crl-15391 139 24 but but CCONJ crl-15391 139 25 that that PRON crl-15391 139 26 does do AUX crl-15391 139 27 not not PART crl-15391 139 28 happen happen VERB crl-15391 139 29 at at ADP crl-15391 139 30 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 139 31 i i PRON crl-15391 139 32 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 139 33 . . PUNCT crl-15391 140 1 among among ADP crl-15391 140 2 the the DET crl-15391 140 3 directors director NOUN crl-15391 140 4 of of ADP crl-15391 140 5 selective selective ADJ crl-15391 140 6 small small ADJ crl-15391 140 7 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 140 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 140 9 this this DET crl-15391 140 10 study study NOUN crl-15391 140 11 found find VERB crl-15391 140 12 that that SCONJ crl-15391 140 13 only only ADV crl-15391 140 14 20 20 NUM crl-15391 140 15 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 140 16 hold hold NOUN crl-15391 140 17 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 140 18 , , PUNCT crl-15391 140 19 and and CCONJ crl-15391 140 20 most most ADJ crl-15391 140 21 of of ADP crl-15391 140 22 those those PRON crl-15391 140 23 are be AUX crl-15391 140 24 not not PART crl-15391 140 25 in in ADP crl-15391 140 26 library library NOUN crl-15391 140 27 or or CCONJ crl-15391 140 28 information information NOUN crl-15391 140 29 science science NOUN crl-15391 140 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 141 1 forty forty NUM crl-15391 141 2 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 141 3 of of ADP crl-15391 141 4 these these DET crl-15391 141 5 directors director NOUN crl-15391 141 6 hold hold VERB crl-15391 141 7 a a DET crl-15391 141 8 second second ADJ crl-15391 141 9 master master NOUN crl-15391 141 10 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 141 11 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 141 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 141 13 and and CCONJ crl-15391 141 14 just just ADV crl-15391 141 15 less less ADJ crl-15391 141 16 than than ADP crl-15391 141 17 40 40 NUM crl-15391 141 18 percent percent NOUN crl-15391 141 19 hold hold VERB crl-15391 141 20 an an DET crl-15391 141 21 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 141 22 only only ADV crl-15391 141 23 . . PUNCT crl-15391 142 1 it it PRON crl-15391 142 2 would would AUX crl-15391 142 3 appear appear VERB crl-15391 142 4 that that SCONJ crl-15391 142 5 small small ADJ crl-15391 142 6 college college NOUN crl-15391 142 7 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 142 8 are be AUX crl-15391 142 9 not not PART crl-15391 142 10 hiring hire VERB crl-15391 142 11 directors director NOUN crl-15391 142 12 with with ADP crl-15391 142 13 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 142 14 . . PUNCT crl-15391 143 1 there there PRON crl-15391 143 2 is be VERB crl-15391 143 3 no no DET crl-15391 143 4 significant significant ADJ crl-15391 143 5 difference difference NOUN crl-15391 143 6 between between ADP crl-15391 143 7 the the DET crl-15391 143 8 size size NOUN crl-15391 143 9 of of ADP crl-15391 143 10 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 143 11 for for ADP crl-15391 143 12 those those PRON crl-15391 143 13 with with ADP crl-15391 143 14 a a DET crl-15391 143 15 doc­ doc­ NOUN crl-15391 143 16 torate torate NOUN crl-15391 143 17 and and CCONJ crl-15391 143 18 those those PRON crl-15391 143 19 without without ADP crl-15391 143 20 . . PUNCT crl-15391 144 1 although although SCONJ crl-15391 144 2 administrators administrator NOUN crl-15391 144 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 144 4 teaching teach VERB crl-15391 144 5 fac­ fac­ PROPN crl-15391 144 6 ulty ulty ADJ crl-15391 144 7 , , PUNCT crl-15391 144 8 and and CCONJ crl-15391 144 9 others other NOUN crl-15391 144 10 may may AUX crl-15391 144 11 continue continue VERB crl-15391 144 12 to to PART crl-15391 144 13 call call VERB crl-15391 144 14 for for ADP crl-15391 144 15 library library NOUN crl-15391 144 16 directors director NOUN crl-15391 144 17 with with ADP crl-15391 144 18 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 144 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 144 20 it it PRON crl-15391 144 21 is be AUX crl-15391 144 22 not not PART crl-15391 144 23 the the DET crl-15391 144 24 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 144 25 that that PRON crl-15391 144 26 makes make VERB crl-15391 144 27 a a DET crl-15391 144 28 college college NOUN crl-15391 144 29 librar­ librar­ ADP crl-15391 144 30 ian ian PROPN crl-15391 144 31 a a DET crl-15391 144 32 successful successful ADJ crl-15391 144 33 administrator administrator NOUN crl-15391 144 34 and and CCONJ crl-15391 144 35 library library NOUN crl-15391 144 36 director director NOUN crl-15391 144 37 . . PUNCT crl-15391 145 1 completing complete VERB crl-15391 145 2 a a DET crl-15391 145 3 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 145 4 does do AUX crl-15391 145 5 not not PART crl-15391 145 6 prepare prepare VERB crl-15391 145 7 one one NUM crl-15391 145 8 for for ADP crl-15391 145 9 work work NOUN crl-15391 145 10 in in ADP crl-15391 145 11 college college NOUN crl-15391 145 12 library library PROPN crl-15391 145 13 administration administration NOUN crl-15391 145 14 . . PUNCT crl-15391 146 1 though though SCONJ crl-15391 146 2 completing complete VERB crl-15391 146 3 a a DET crl-15391 146 4 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 146 5 is be AUX crl-15391 146 6 an an DET crl-15391 146 7 enormous enormous ADJ crl-15391 146 8 achievement achievement NOUN crl-15391 146 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 146 10 several several ADJ crl-15391 146 11 directors director NOUN crl-15391 146 12 had have AUX crl-15391 146 13 done do VERB crl-15391 146 14 extensive extensive ADJ crl-15391 146 15 upper upper ADJ crl-15391 146 16 - - PUNCT crl-15391 146 17 level level NOUN crl-15391 146 18 graduate graduate NOUN crl-15391 146 19 work work NOUN crl-15391 146 20 or or CCONJ crl-15391 146 21 everything everything PRON crl-15391 146 22 but but SCONJ crl-15391 146 23 the the DET crl-15391 146 24 dissertation dissertation NOUN crl-15391 146 25 but but CCONJ crl-15391 146 26 had have AUX crl-15391 146 27 not not PART crl-15391 146 28 com­ com­ PROPN crl-15391 146 29 pleted plete VERB crl-15391 146 30 the the DET crl-15391 146 31 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 146 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 146 33 , , PUNCT crl-15391 146 34 it it PRON crl-15391 146 35 should should AUX crl-15391 146 36 not not PART crl-15391 146 37 be be AUX crl-15391 146 38 seen see VERB crl-15391 146 39 as as ADP crl-15391 146 40 a a DET crl-15391 146 41 requirement requirement NOUN crl-15391 146 42 for for ADP crl-15391 146 43 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 146 44 in in ADP crl-15391 146 45 small small ADJ crl-15391 146 46 or or CCONJ crl-15391 146 47 large large ADJ crl-15391 146 48 college college NOUN crl-15391 146 49 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 146 50 . . PUNCT crl-15391 147 1 http http NOUN crl-15391 147 2 : : PUNCT crl-15391 147 3 women.21 women.21 NOUN crl-15391 147 4 408 408 NUM crl-15391 147 5 college college PROPN crl-15391 147 6 & & CCONJ crl-15391 147 7 research research PROPN crl-15391 147 8 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 147 9 september september PROPN crl-15391 147 10 2000 2000 NUM crl-15391 147 11 a a DET crl-15391 147 12 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 147 13 . . PUNCT crl-15391 147 14 is be AUX crl-15391 147 15 a a DET crl-15391 147 16 valuable valuable ADJ crl-15391 147 17 contribution contribution NOUN crl-15391 147 18 to to PART crl-15391 147 19 can can AUX crl-15391 147 20 not not PART crl-15391 147 21 replace replace VERB crl-15391 147 22 administrative administrative ADJ crl-15391 147 23 ability ability NOUN crl-15391 147 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 147 25 cre­ cre­ PROPN crl-15391 147 26 the the DET crl-15391 147 27 library library NOUN crl-15391 147 28 director director NOUN crl-15391 147 29 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 147 30 role role NOUN crl-15391 147 31 and and CCONJ crl-15391 147 32 should should AUX crl-15391 147 33 be be AUX crl-15391 147 34 ativity ativity NOUN crl-15391 147 35 , , PUNCT crl-15391 147 36 and and CCONJ crl-15391 147 37 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-15391 147 38 in in ADP crl-15391 147 39 a a DET crl-15391 147 40 successful successful ADJ crl-15391 147 41 a a DET crl-15391 147 42 source source NOUN crl-15391 147 43 of of ADP crl-15391 147 44 celebration celebration NOUN crl-15391 147 45 and and CCONJ crl-15391 147 46 pride pride NOUN crl-15391 147 47 , , PUNCT crl-15391 147 48 but but CCONJ crl-15391 147 49 it it PRON crl-15391 147 50 college college NOUN crl-15391 147 51 or or CCONJ crl-15391 147 52 university university NOUN crl-15391 147 53 library library NOUN crl-15391 147 54 director director NOUN crl-15391 147 55 . . PUNCT crl-15391 148 1 notes note NOUN crl-15391 148 2 1 1 NUM crl-15391 148 3 . . PUNCT crl-15391 149 1 w. w. PROPN crl-15391 149 2 bede bede PROPN crl-15391 149 3 mitchell mitchell PROPN crl-15391 149 4 and and CCONJ crl-15391 149 5 mary mary PROPN crl-15391 149 6 reichel reichel PROPN crl-15391 149 7 , , PUNCT crl-15391 149 8 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 149 9 publish publish VERB crl-15391 149 10 or or CCONJ crl-15391 149 11 perish perish ADJ crl-15391 149 12 : : PUNCT crl-15391 149 13 a a DET crl-15391 149 14 dilemma dilemma NOUN crl-15391 149 15 for for ADP crl-15391 149 16 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 149 17 librar­ librar­ NOUN crl-15391 149 18 ians ian NOUN crl-15391 149 19 ? ? PUNCT crl-15391 149 20 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 149 21 college college PROPN crl-15391 149 22 & & CCONJ crl-15391 149 23 research research PROPN crl-15391 149 24 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 149 25 60 60 NUM crl-15391 149 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 149 27 may may AUX crl-15391 149 28 1999 1999 NUM crl-15391 149 29 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 149 30 232–43 232–43 PROPN crl-15391 149 31 . . PUNCT crl-15391 150 1 mitchell mitchell PROPN crl-15391 150 2 and and CCONJ crl-15391 150 3 reichel reichel PROPN crl-15391 150 4 studied study VERB crl-15391 150 5 scholar­ scholar­ NOUN crl-15391 150 6 ship ship NOUN crl-15391 150 7 at at ADP crl-15391 150 8 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 150 9 classified classify VERB crl-15391 150 10 by by ADP crl-15391 150 11 the the DET crl-15391 150 12 carnegie carnegie NOUN crl-15391 150 13 foundation foundation NOUN crl-15391 150 14 as as ADP crl-15391 150 15 research research NOUN crl-15391 150 16 i i PROPN crl-15391 150 17 or or CCONJ crl-15391 150 18 ii ii PROPN crl-15391 150 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 150 20 doctoral doctoral ADJ crl-15391 150 21 i i PROPN crl-15391 150 22 or or CCONJ crl-15391 150 23 ii ii NOUN crl-15391 150 24 , , PUNCT crl-15391 150 25 and and CCONJ crl-15391 150 26 master master NOUN crl-15391 150 27 ’s ’s VERB crl-15391 150 28 i i PROPN crl-15391 150 29 or or CCONJ crl-15391 150 30 ii ii PROPN crl-15391 150 31 . . PUNCT crl-15391 151 1 the the DET crl-15391 151 2 current current ADJ crl-15391 151 3 research research NOUN crl-15391 151 4 focuses focus VERB crl-15391 151 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 151 6 instead instead ADV crl-15391 151 7 , , PUNCT crl-15391 151 8 on on ADP crl-15391 151 9 baccalaureate baccalaureate NOUN crl-15391 151 10 i i PRON crl-15391 151 11 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 151 12 . . PUNCT crl-15391 152 1 2 2 X crl-15391 152 2 . . X crl-15391 152 3 a a DET crl-15391 152 4 cursory cursory NOUN crl-15391 152 5 study study NOUN crl-15391 152 6 of of ADP crl-15391 152 7 all all DET crl-15391 152 8 directorship directorship NOUN crl-15391 152 9 advertisements advertisement NOUN crl-15391 152 10 in in ADP crl-15391 152 11 college college PROPN crl-15391 152 12 & & CCONJ crl-15391 152 13 research research PROPN crl-15391 152 14 libraries librarie VERB crl-15391 152 15 news news NOUN crl-15391 152 16 for for ADP crl-15391 152 17 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 152 18 and and CCONJ crl-15391 152 19 1999 1999 NUM crl-15391 152 20 found find VERB crl-15391 152 21 that that SCONJ crl-15391 152 22 of of ADP crl-15391 152 23 ninety ninety NUM crl-15391 152 24 - - PUNCT crl-15391 152 25 two two NUM crl-15391 152 26 unique unique ADJ crl-15391 152 27 ads ad NOUN crl-15391 152 28 for for ADP crl-15391 152 29 directors director NOUN crl-15391 152 30 of of ADP crl-15391 152 31 american american ADJ crl-15391 152 32 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 152 33 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 152 34 of of ADP crl-15391 152 35 any any DET crl-15391 152 36 size size NOUN crl-15391 152 37 , , PUNCT crl-15391 152 38 two two NUM crl-15391 152 39 required require VERB crl-15391 152 40 applicants applicant NOUN crl-15391 152 41 to to PART crl-15391 152 42 hold hold VERB crl-15391 152 43 a a DET crl-15391 152 44 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 152 45 . . PROPN crl-15391 152 46 , , PUNCT crl-15391 152 47 seventeen seventeen NUM crl-15391 152 48 stated state VERB crl-15391 152 49 that that SCONJ crl-15391 152 50 a a DET crl-15391 152 51 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 152 52 . . PUNCT crl-15391 153 1 was be AUX crl-15391 153 2 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 153 3 desired desire VERB crl-15391 153 4 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 153 5 or or CCONJ crl-15391 153 6 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 153 7 preferred preferred ADJ crl-15391 153 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 153 9 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 153 10 twelve twelve NUM crl-15391 153 11 required require VERB crl-15391 153 12 a a DET crl-15391 153 13 second second ADJ crl-15391 153 14 master master NOUN crl-15391 153 15 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 153 16 degree degree NOUN crl-15391 153 17 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 153 18 after after ADP crl-15391 153 19 the the DET crl-15391 153 20 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 153 21 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 153 22 or or CCONJ crl-15391 153 23 a a DET crl-15391 153 24 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 153 25 . . PROPN crl-15391 153 26 , , PUNCT crl-15391 153 27 seven seven NUM crl-15391 153 28 pre­ pre­ NOUN crl-15391 153 29 ferred ferre VERB crl-15391 153 30 a a DET crl-15391 153 31 second second ADJ crl-15391 153 32 master master NOUN crl-15391 153 33 ’s ’s NOUN crl-15391 153 34 or or CCONJ crl-15391 153 35 a a DET crl-15391 153 36 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 153 37 . . PROPN crl-15391 153 38 , , PUNCT crl-15391 153 39 and and CCONJ crl-15391 153 40 twenty twenty NUM crl-15391 153 41 - - PUNCT crl-15391 153 42 six six NUM crl-15391 153 43 preferred preferred ADJ crl-15391 153 44 candidates candidate NOUN crl-15391 153 45 with with ADP crl-15391 153 46 an an DET crl-15391 153 47 advanced advanced ADJ crl-15391 153 48 de­ de­ NOUN crl-15391 153 49 gree gree NOUN crl-15391 153 50 after after ADP crl-15391 153 51 the the DET crl-15391 153 52 mls mls PROPN crl-15391 153 53 . . PUNCT crl-15391 154 1 twenty twenty NUM crl-15391 154 2 - - PUNCT crl-15391 154 3 six six NUM crl-15391 154 4 did do AUX crl-15391 154 5 not not PART crl-15391 154 6 mention mention VERB crl-15391 154 7 additional additional ADJ crl-15391 154 8 educational educational ADJ crl-15391 154 9 requirements requirement NOUN crl-15391 154 10 , , PUNCT crl-15391 154 11 and and CCONJ crl-15391 154 12 two two NUM crl-15391 154 13 sought seek VERB crl-15391 154 14 candidates candidate NOUN crl-15391 154 15 with with ADP crl-15391 154 16 either either CCONJ crl-15391 154 17 an an DET crl-15391 154 18 mls mls NOUN crl-15391 154 19 or or CCONJ crl-15391 154 20 a a DET crl-15391 154 21 ph.d ph.d NOUN crl-15391 154 22 . . PUNCT crl-15391 155 1 3 3 X crl-15391 155 2 . . PROPN crl-15391 155 3 judith judith PROPN crl-15391 155 4 tierney tierney PROPN crl-15391 155 5 and and CCONJ crl-15391 155 6 terry terry PROPN crl-15391 155 7 mech mech NOUN crl-15391 155 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 155 9 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 155 10 directors director NOUN crl-15391 155 11 of of ADP crl-15391 155 12 small small ADJ crl-15391 155 13 college college NOUN crl-15391 155 14 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 155 15 in in ADP crl-15391 155 16 the the DET crl-15391 155 17 northeast northeast NOUN crl-15391 155 18 : : PUNCT crl-15391 155 19 who who PRON crl-15391 155 20 are be AUX crl-15391 155 21 they they PRON crl-15391 155 22 ? ? PUNCT crl-15391 155 23 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 155 24 technicalities technicality NOUN crl-15391 155 25 5 5 NUM crl-15391 155 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 155 27 jan jan PROPN crl-15391 155 28 . . PROPN crl-15391 155 29 1985 1985 NUM crl-15391 155 30 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 155 31 7–9 7–9 PROPN crl-15391 155 32 . . PROPN crl-15391 156 1 4 4 X crl-15391 156 2 . . X crl-15391 156 3 joel joel PROPN crl-15391 156 4 clemmer clemmer PROPN crl-15391 156 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 156 6 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 156 7 the the DET crl-15391 156 8 liberal liberal PROPN crl-15391 156 9 arts art NOUN crl-15391 156 10 college college PROPN crl-15391 156 11 library library NOUN crl-15391 156 12 director director NOUN crl-15391 156 13 and and CCONJ crl-15391 156 14 the the DET crl-15391 156 15 collegiate collegiate ADJ crl-15391 156 16 myth myth NOUN crl-15391 156 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 156 18 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 156 19 jour­ jour­ PROPN crl-15391 156 20 nal nal NOUN crl-15391 156 21 of of ADP crl-15391 156 22 library library PROPN crl-15391 156 23 administration administration NOUN crl-15391 156 24 24 24 NUM crl-15391 156 25 , , PUNCT crl-15391 156 26 no no NOUN crl-15391 156 27 . . NOUN crl-15391 156 28 3 3 NUM crl-15391 156 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 156 30 1997 1997 NUM crl-15391 156 31 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 156 32 73–88 73–88 NUM crl-15391 156 33 . . NUM crl-15391 156 34 5 5 NUM crl-15391 156 35 . . X crl-15391 157 1 julie julie PROPN crl-15391 157 2 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 157 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 157 4 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 157 5 small small ADJ crl-15391 157 6 college college NOUN crl-15391 157 7 library library NOUN crl-15391 157 8 directors director NOUN crl-15391 157 9 : : PUNCT crl-15391 157 10 getting get VERB crl-15391 157 11 in in ADP crl-15391 157 12 the the DET crl-15391 157 13 door door NOUN crl-15391 157 14 and and CCONJ crl-15391 157 15 surviving survive VERB crl-15391 157 16 on on ADP crl-15391 157 17 the the DET crl-15391 157 18 job job NOUN crl-15391 157 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 157 20 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 157 21 college college PROPN crl-15391 157 22 & & CCONJ crl-15391 157 23 research research PROPN crl-15391 157 24 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 157 25 59 59 NUM crl-15391 157 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 157 27 mar mar PROPN crl-15391 157 28 . . PROPN crl-15391 157 29 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 157 30 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 157 31 140–53 140–53 NUM crl-15391 157 32 . . PUNCT crl-15391 158 1 6 6 X crl-15391 158 2 . . X crl-15391 158 3 john john PROPN crl-15391 158 4 caldwell caldwell PROPN crl-15391 158 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 158 6 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 158 7 degrees degree NOUN crl-15391 158 8 held hold VERB crl-15391 158 9 by by ADP crl-15391 158 10 head head NOUN crl-15391 158 11 librarians librarian NOUN crl-15391 158 12 of of ADP crl-15391 158 13 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 158 14 and and CCONJ crl-15391 158 15 universities university NOUN crl-15391 158 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 158 17 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 158 18 college college PROPN crl-15391 158 19 & & CCONJ crl-15391 158 20 research research PROPN crl-15391 158 21 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 158 22 23 23 NUM crl-15391 158 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 158 24 may may AUX crl-15391 158 25 1962 1962 NUM crl-15391 158 26 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 158 27 227–28 227–28 NUM crl-15391 158 28 , , PUNCT crl-15391 158 29 260 260 NUM crl-15391 158 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 159 1 7 7 NUM crl-15391 159 2 . . PROPN crl-15391 159 3 arthur arthur PROPN crl-15391 159 4 m. m. PROPN crl-15391 159 5 mcanally mcanally ADV crl-15391 159 6 and and CCONJ crl-15391 159 7 robert robert PROPN crl-15391 159 8 b. b. PROPN crl-15391 159 9 downs downs PROPN crl-15391 159 10 , , PUNCT crl-15391 159 11 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 159 12 the the DET crl-15391 159 13 changing change VERB crl-15391 159 14 role role NOUN crl-15391 159 15 of of ADP crl-15391 159 16 directors director NOUN crl-15391 159 17 in in ADP crl-15391 159 18 univer­ univer­ ADJ crl-15391 159 19 sity sity ADJ crl-15391 159 20 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 159 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 159 22 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 159 23 college college PROPN crl-15391 159 24 & & CCONJ crl-15391 159 25 research research PROPN crl-15391 159 26 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 159 27 34 34 NUM crl-15391 159 28 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 159 29 mar mar PROPN crl-15391 159 30 . . PROPN crl-15391 159 31 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 159 32 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 159 33 103–25 103–25 NUM crl-15391 159 34 . . PUNCT crl-15391 160 1 8 8 X crl-15391 160 2 . . X crl-15391 160 3 william william PROPN crl-15391 160 4 l. l. PROPN crl-15391 160 5 cohn cohn PROPN crl-15391 160 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 160 7 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 160 8 an an DET crl-15391 160 9 overview overview NOUN crl-15391 160 10 of of ADP crl-15391 160 11 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 160 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 160 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 160 14 1933–1973 1933–1973 NUM crl-15391 160 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 160 16 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 160 17 college college PROPN crl-15391 160 18 & & CCONJ crl-15391 160 19 research research PROPN crl-15391 160 20 libraries librarie VERB crl-15391 160 21 37 37 NUM crl-15391 160 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 160 23 mar mar PROPN crl-15391 160 24 . . PROPN crl-15391 160 25 1976 1976 NUM crl-15391 160 26 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 160 27 137 137 NUM crl-15391 160 28 . . NUM crl-15391 161 1 9 9 NUM crl-15391 161 2 . . X crl-15391 161 3 jerry jerry PROPN crl-15391 161 4 l. l. PROPN crl-15391 161 5 parsons parson NOUN crl-15391 161 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 161 7 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 161 8 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-15391 161 9 of of ADP crl-15391 161 10 research research NOUN crl-15391 161 11 library library NOUN crl-15391 161 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 161 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 161 14 1958 1958 NUM crl-15391 161 15 and and CCONJ crl-15391 161 16 1973 1973 NUM crl-15391 161 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 161 18 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 161 19 wilson wilson PROPN crl-15391 161 20 library library PROPN crl-15391 161 21 bulletin bulletin PROPN crl-15391 161 22 50 50 NUM crl-15391 161 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 161 24 apr apr NOUN crl-15391 161 25 . . PROPN crl-15391 161 26 1976 1976 NUM crl-15391 161 27 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 161 28 613–17 613–17 PROPN crl-15391 161 29 . . PUNCT crl-15391 162 1 10 10 X crl-15391 162 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 163 1 ronald ronald PROPN crl-15391 163 2 dale dale PROPN crl-15391 163 3 karr karr PROPN crl-15391 163 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 163 5 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 163 6 the the DET crl-15391 163 7 changing change VERB crl-15391 163 8 profile profile NOUN crl-15391 163 9 of of ADP crl-15391 163 10 university university NOUN crl-15391 163 11 library library NOUN crl-15391 163 12 directors director NOUN crl-15391 163 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 163 14 1966–1981 1966–1981 NUM crl-15391 163 15 , , PUNCT crl-15391 163 16 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 163 17 college college PROPN crl-15391 163 18 & & CCONJ crl-15391 163 19 research research PROPN crl-15391 163 20 libraries librarie VERB crl-15391 163 21 45 45 NUM crl-15391 163 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 163 23 july july PROPN crl-15391 163 24 1984 1984 NUM crl-15391 163 25 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 163 26 283 283 NUM crl-15391 163 27 . . NUM crl-15391 163 28 11 11 NUM crl-15391 163 29 . . X crl-15391 164 1 ibid ibid PROPN crl-15391 164 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 164 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 164 4 284 284 NUM crl-15391 164 5 . . PUNCT crl-15391 165 1 12 12 NUM crl-15391 165 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 166 1 william william PROPN crl-15391 166 2 s. s. PROPN crl-15391 166 3 wong wong PROPN crl-15391 166 4 and and CCONJ crl-15391 166 5 david david PROPN crl-15391 166 6 s. s. PROPN crl-15391 166 7 zubatsky zubatsky PROPN crl-15391 166 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 166 9 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 166 10 the the DET crl-15391 166 11 tenure tenure NOUN crl-15391 166 12 rate rate NOUN crl-15391 166 13 of of ADP crl-15391 166 14 university university NOUN crl-15391 166 15 library library NOUN crl-15391 166 16 direc­ direc­ PROPN crl-15391 166 17 tors tor NOUN crl-15391 166 18 : : PUNCT crl-15391 166 19 a a DET crl-15391 166 20 1983 1983 NUM crl-15391 166 21 survey survey NOUN crl-15391 166 22 , , PUNCT crl-15391 166 23 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 166 24 college college PROPN crl-15391 166 25 & & CCONJ crl-15391 166 26 research research PROPN crl-15391 166 27 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 166 28 46 46 NUM crl-15391 166 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 166 30 jan jan PROPN crl-15391 166 31 . . PROPN crl-15391 166 32 1985 1985 NUM crl-15391 166 33 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 166 34 69–77 69–77 NUM crl-15391 166 35 . . PROPN crl-15391 166 36 13 13 NUM crl-15391 166 37 . . PUNCT crl-15391 167 1 marcia marcia PROPN crl-15391 167 2 j. j. PROPN crl-15391 167 3 myers myers PROPN crl-15391 167 4 and and CCONJ crl-15391 167 5 paula paula PROPN crl-15391 167 6 t. t. PROPN crl-15391 167 7 kaufman kaufman PROPN crl-15391 167 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 167 9 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 167 10 arl arl PROPN crl-15391 167 11 directors director NOUN crl-15391 167 12 : : PUNCT crl-15391 167 13 two two NUM crl-15391 167 14 decades decade NOUN crl-15391 167 15 of of ADP crl-15391 167 16 change change NOUN crl-15391 167 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 167 18 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 167 19 college college PROPN crl-15391 167 20 & & CCONJ crl-15391 167 21 research research PROPN crl-15391 167 22 libraries library NOUN crl-15391 167 23 52 52 NUM crl-15391 167 24 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 167 25 may may AUX crl-15391 167 26 1991 1991 NUM crl-15391 167 27 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 167 28 241–54 241–54 NUM crl-15391 167 29 . . PUNCT crl-15391 168 1 14 14 NUM crl-15391 168 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 169 1 o’keeffe o’keeffe PROPN crl-15391 169 2 , , PUNCT crl-15391 169 3 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 169 4 small small ADJ crl-15391 169 5 college college NOUN crl-15391 169 6 library library NOUN crl-15391 169 7 directors director NOUN crl-15391 169 8 . . PUNCT crl-15391 169 9 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 170 1 15 15 NUM crl-15391 170 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 170 3 ibid ibid PROPN crl-15391 170 4 . . PUNCT crl-15391 170 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 170 6 151 151 NUM crl-15391 170 7 . . PUNCT crl-15391 171 1 16 16 NUM crl-15391 171 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 172 1 carnegie carnegie PROPN crl-15391 172 2 foundation foundation PROPN crl-15391 172 3 for for ADP crl-15391 172 4 the the DET crl-15391 172 5 advancement advancement NOUN crl-15391 172 6 of of ADP crl-15391 172 7 teaching teaching NOUN crl-15391 172 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 172 9 a a DET crl-15391 172 10 classification classification NOUN crl-15391 172 11 of of ADP crl-15391 172 12 institutions institution NOUN crl-15391 172 13 of of ADP crl-15391 172 14 higher high ADJ crl-15391 172 15 education education NOUN crl-15391 172 16 , , PUNCT crl-15391 172 17 1994 1994 NUM crl-15391 172 18 edition edition NOUN crl-15391 172 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 172 20 princeton princeton PROPN crl-15391 172 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 172 22 n.j n.j PROPN crl-15391 172 23 . . PROPN crl-15391 172 24 : : PUNCT crl-15391 172 25 carnegie carnegie PROPN crl-15391 172 26 foundation foundation PROPN crl-15391 172 27 , , PUNCT crl-15391 172 28 1994 1994 NUM crl-15391 172 29 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 172 30 . . PUNCT crl-15391 173 1 17 17 NUM crl-15391 173 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 174 1 national national ADJ crl-15391 174 2 center center NOUN crl-15391 174 3 for for ADP crl-15391 174 4 education education NOUN crl-15391 174 5 statistics statistic NOUN crl-15391 174 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 174 7 preliminary preliminary ADJ crl-15391 174 8 1996 1996 NUM crl-15391 174 9 academic academic ADJ crl-15391 174 10 library library NOUN crl-15391 174 11 data data PROPN crl-15391 174 12 [ [ PUNCT crl-15391 174 13 subset subset NOUN crl-15391 174 14 of of ADP crl-15391 174 15 integrated integrate VERB crl-15391 174 16 postsecondary postsecondary ADJ crl-15391 174 17 education education NOUN crl-15391 174 18 data datum NOUN crl-15391 174 19 system system NOUN crl-15391 174 20 ] ] PUNCT crl-15391 174 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 174 22 washington washington PROPN crl-15391 174 23 , , PUNCT crl-15391 174 24 d.c d.c PROPN crl-15391 174 25 . . PROPN crl-15391 174 26 : : PUNCT crl-15391 175 1 u.s u.s PROPN crl-15391 175 2 . . PROPN crl-15391 175 3 department department PROPN crl-15391 175 4 of of ADP crl-15391 175 5 educa­ educa­ PROPN crl-15391 175 6 tion tion NOUN crl-15391 175 7 , , PUNCT crl-15391 175 8 1997 1997 NUM crl-15391 175 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 175 10 . . PUNCT crl-15391 176 1 available available ADJ crl-15391 176 2 online online ADV crl-15391 176 3 at at ADP crl-15391 176 4 : : PUNCT crl-15391 176 5 http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/aclib96.html http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/aclib96.html X crl-15391 176 6 . . PUNCT crl-15391 177 1 barron barron PROPN crl-15391 177 2 ’s ’s PART crl-15391 177 3 profiles profile NOUN crl-15391 177 4 of of ADP crl-15391 177 5 ameri­ ameri­ NOUN crl-15391 177 6 can can AUX crl-15391 177 7 colleges college NOUN crl-15391 177 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 177 9 22nd 22nd NOUN crl-15391 177 10 ed ed NOUN crl-15391 177 11 . . PUNCT crl-15391 178 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 178 2 hauppauge hauppauge PROPN crl-15391 178 3 , , PUNCT crl-15391 178 4 n.y n.y PROPN crl-15391 178 5 . . PROPN crl-15391 178 6 : : PUNCT crl-15391 178 7 barron barron PROPN crl-15391 178 8 ’s ’s NUM crl-15391 178 9 , , PUNCT crl-15391 178 10 1997 1997 NUM crl-15391 178 11 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 178 12 . . PUNCT crl-15391 179 1 18 18 NUM crl-15391 179 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 180 1 the the DET crl-15391 180 2 other other ADJ crl-15391 180 3 fields field NOUN crl-15391 180 4 in in ADP crl-15391 180 5 which which PRON crl-15391 180 6 doctorates doctorate NOUN crl-15391 180 7 were be AUX crl-15391 180 8 earned earn VERB crl-15391 180 9 are be AUX crl-15391 180 10 american american ADJ crl-15391 180 11 studies study NOUN crl-15391 180 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 180 13 history history NOUN crl-15391 180 14 , , PUNCT crl-15391 180 15 classical classical ADJ crl-15391 180 16 philology philology NOUN crl-15391 180 17 , , PUNCT crl-15391 180 18 religion religion NOUN crl-15391 180 19 , , PUNCT crl-15391 180 20 philosophy philosophy NOUN crl-15391 180 21 , , PUNCT crl-15391 180 22 and and CCONJ crl-15391 180 23 english english PROPN crl-15391 180 24 and and CCONJ crl-15391 180 25 american american PROPN crl-15391 180 26 literature literature PROPN crl-15391 180 27 . . PUNCT crl-15391 181 1 19 19 NUM crl-15391 181 2 . . PUNCT crl-15391 181 3 see see VERB crl-15391 181 4 note note NOUN crl-15391 181 5 2 2 NUM crl-15391 181 6 , , PUNCT crl-15391 181 7 above above ADV crl-15391 181 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 181 9 for for ADP crl-15391 181 10 specific specific ADJ crl-15391 181 11 results result NOUN crl-15391 181 12 data data NOUN crl-15391 181 13 . . PUNCT crl-15391 182 1 20 20 NUM crl-15391 182 2 . . X crl-15391 182 3 james james PROPN crl-15391 182 4 axtell axtell PROPN crl-15391 182 5 , , PUNCT crl-15391 182 6 “ " PUNCT crl-15391 182 7 twenty twenty NUM crl-15391 182 8 - - PUNCT crl-15391 182 9 five five NUM crl-15391 182 10 reasons reason NOUN crl-15391 182 11 to to PART crl-15391 182 12 publish publish VERB crl-15391 182 13 , , PUNCT crl-15391 182 14 ” " PUNCT crl-15391 182 15 journal journal NOUN crl-15391 182 16 of of ADP crl-15391 182 17 scholarly scholarly ADJ crl-15391 182 18 publishing publishing NOUN crl-15391 182 19 29 29 NUM crl-15391 182 20 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 182 21 oct oct PROPN crl-15391 182 22 . . PROPN crl-15391 182 23 1997 1997 NUM crl-15391 182 24 ): ): PUNCT crl-15391 182 25 6 6 NUM crl-15391 182 26 . . NUM crl-15391 182 27 21 21 NUM crl-15391 182 28 . . PUNCT crl-15391 183 1 peter peter PROPN crl-15391 183 2 h. h. PROPN crl-15391 183 3 henderson henderson PROPN crl-15391 183 4 , , PUNCT crl-15391 183 5 julie julie PROPN crl-15391 183 6 e. e. PROPN crl-15391 183 7 clarke clarke PROPN crl-15391 183 8 , , PUNCT crl-15391 183 9 and and CCONJ crl-15391 183 10 cynthia cynthia NOUN crl-15391 183 11 woods wood NOUN crl-15391 183 12 , , PUNCT crl-15391 183 13 summary summary NOUN crl-15391 183 14 report report NOUN crl-15391 183 15 1996 1996 NUM crl-15391 183 16 : : PUNCT crl-15391 183 17 doctorate doctorate NOUN crl-15391 183 18 recipients recipient NOUN crl-15391 183 19 from from ADP crl-15391 183 20 united united PROPN crl-15391 183 21 states states PROPN crl-15391 183 22 universities university NOUN crl-15391 183 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-15391 183 24 washington washington PROPN crl-15391 183 25 , , PUNCT crl-15391 183 26 d.c d.c PROPN crl-15391 183 27 . . PROPN crl-15391 183 28 : : PUNCT crl-15391 183 29 national national PROPN crl-15391 183 30 academy academy PROPN crl-15391 183 31 pr pr PROPN crl-15391 183 32 . . PROPN crl-15391 183 33 , , PUNCT crl-15391 183 34 1998 1998 NUM crl-15391 183 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-15391 183 36 , , PUNCT crl-15391 183 37 67 67 NUM crl-15391 183 38 . . PUNCT crl-15391 183 39 http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/aclib96.html http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/aclib96.html X