id sid tid token lemma pos crl-25578 1 1 739 739 NUM crl-25578 1 2 is be AUX crl-25578 1 3 the the DET crl-25578 1 4 library library NOUN crl-25578 1 5 one one NUM crl-25578 1 6 - - PUNCT crl-25578 1 7 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 1 8 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 1 9 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 2 1 a a DET crl-25578 2 2 metaanalytic metaanalytic ADJ crl-25578 2 3 study study NOUN crl-25578 2 4 dani dani PROPN crl-25578 2 5 brecher brecher PROPN crl-25578 2 6 cook cook VERB crl-25578 2 7 * * PUNCT crl-25578 3 1 the the DET crl-25578 3 2 one one NUM crl-25578 3 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 3 4 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 3 5 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 3 6 session session NOUN crl-25578 3 7 is be AUX crl-25578 3 8 a a DET crl-25578 3 9 dominant dominant ADJ crl-25578 3 10 mode mode NOUN crl-25578 3 11 of of ADP crl-25578 3 12 teaching teaching NOUN crl-25578 3 13 in in ADP crl-25578 3 14 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 3 15 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 3 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 4 1 while while SCONJ crl-25578 4 2 many many ADJ crl-25578 4 3 conference conference NOUN crl-25578 4 4 presentations presentation NOUN crl-25578 4 5 and and CCONJ crl-25578 4 6 articles article NOUN crl-25578 4 7 about about ADP crl-25578 4 8 methods method NOUN crl-25578 4 9 have have AUX crl-25578 4 10 been be AUX crl-25578 4 11 shared share VERB crl-25578 4 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 4 13 there there PRON crl-25578 4 14 is be VERB crl-25578 4 15 little little ADJ crl-25578 4 16 consensus consensus NOUN crl-25578 4 17 about about ADP crl-25578 4 18 whether whether SCONJ crl-25578 4 19 a a DET crl-25578 4 20 single single ADJ crl-25578 4 21 library library NOUN crl-25578 4 22 session session NOUN crl-25578 4 23 promotes promote VERB crl-25578 4 24 student student NOUN crl-25578 4 25 learning learn VERB crl-25578 4 26 about about ADP crl-25578 4 27 information information NOUN crl-25578 4 28 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 4 29 topics topic NOUN crl-25578 4 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 5 1 this this DET crl-25578 5 2 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 5 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 5 4 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 5 5 gathers gather VERB crl-25578 5 6 studies study NOUN crl-25578 5 7 that that PRON crl-25578 5 8 employ employ VERB crl-25578 5 9 quantitative quantitative ADJ crl-25578 5 10 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 5 11 of of ADP crl-25578 5 12 student student NOUN crl-25578 5 13 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 5 14 in in ADP crl-25578 5 15 an an DET crl-25578 5 16 attempt attempt NOUN crl-25578 5 17 to to PART crl-25578 5 18 determine determine VERB crl-25578 5 19 if if SCONJ crl-25578 5 20 the the DET crl-25578 5 21 one one NUM crl-25578 5 22 - - PUNCT crl-25578 5 23 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 5 24 is be AUX crl-25578 5 25 an an DET crl-25578 5 26 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 5 27 modality modality NOUN crl-25578 5 28 for for ADP crl-25578 5 29 learning learn VERB crl-25578 5 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 6 1 results result NOUN crl-25578 6 2 indicate indicate VERB crl-25578 6 3 the the DET crl-25578 6 4 need need NOUN crl-25578 6 5 for for ADP crl-25578 6 6 a a DET crl-25578 6 7 more more ADV crl-25578 6 8 critical critical ADJ crl-25578 6 9 look look NOUN crl-25578 6 10 at at ADP crl-25578 6 11 the the DET crl-25578 6 12 grouping grouping NOUN crl-25578 6 13 of of ADP crl-25578 6 14 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 6 15 one one NUM crl-25578 6 16 - - PUNCT crl-25578 6 17 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 6 18 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 6 19 as as ADP crl-25578 6 20 a a DET crl-25578 6 21 methodology methodology NOUN crl-25578 6 22 and and CCONJ crl-25578 6 23 the the DET crl-25578 6 24 need need NOUN crl-25578 6 25 for for ADP crl-25578 6 26 further further ADJ crl-25578 6 27 robust robust ADJ crl-25578 6 28 research research NOUN crl-25578 6 29 on on ADP crl-25578 6 30 acquisition acquisition NOUN crl-25578 6 31 of of ADP crl-25578 6 32 student student NOUN crl-25578 6 33 learning learn VERB crl-25578 6 34 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 6 35 in in ADP crl-25578 6 36 the the DET crl-25578 6 37 one one NUM crl-25578 6 38 - - PUNCT crl-25578 6 39 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 6 40 context context NOUN crl-25578 6 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 7 1 in in ADP crl-25578 7 2 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 7 3 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 7 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 7 5 the the DET crl-25578 7 6 most most ADV crl-25578 7 7 pervasive pervasive ADJ crl-25578 7 8 method method NOUN crl-25578 7 9 of of ADP crl-25578 7 10 providing provide VERB crl-25578 7 11 information information NOUN crl-25578 7 12 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 7 13 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 7 14 is be AUX crl-25578 7 15 the the DET crl-25578 7 16 so so ADV crl-25578 7 17 - - PUNCT crl-25578 7 18 called call VERB crl-25578 7 19 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 7 20 one one NUM crl-25578 7 21 - - PUNCT crl-25578 7 22 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 7 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 7 24 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 7 25 where where SCONJ crl-25578 7 26 students student NOUN crl-25578 7 27 in in ADP crl-25578 7 28 a a DET crl-25578 7 29 given give VERB crl-25578 7 30 course course NOUN crl-25578 7 31 attend attend VERB crl-25578 7 32 a a DET crl-25578 7 33 single single ADJ crl-25578 7 34 session session NOUN crl-25578 7 35 facilitated facilitate VERB crl-25578 7 36 by by ADP crl-25578 7 37 a a DET crl-25578 7 38 librarian librarian NOUN crl-25578 7 39 during during ADP crl-25578 7 40 their their PRON crl-25578 7 41 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 7 42 term term NOUN crl-25578 7 43 to to PART crl-25578 7 44 learn learn VERB crl-25578 7 45 about about ADP crl-25578 7 46 conducting conduct VERB crl-25578 7 47 library library NOUN crl-25578 7 48 research research NOUN crl-25578 7 49 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 7 50 nicholson nicholson NOUN crl-25578 7 51 , , PUNCT crl-25578 7 52 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 7 53 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 7 54 . . PUNCT crl-25578 8 1 since since SCONJ crl-25578 8 2 the the DET crl-25578 8 3 one one NUM crl-25578 8 4 - - PUNCT crl-25578 8 5 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 8 6 is be AUX crl-25578 8 7 so so ADV crl-25578 8 8 broadly broadly ADV crl-25578 8 9 used use VERB crl-25578 8 10 in in ADP crl-25578 8 11 the the DET crl-25578 8 12 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 8 13 library library NOUN crl-25578 8 14 context context NOUN crl-25578 8 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 8 16 there there PRON crl-25578 8 17 is be VERB crl-25578 8 18 a a DET crl-25578 8 19 clear clear ADJ crl-25578 8 20 need need NOUN crl-25578 8 21 for for ADP crl-25578 8 22 a a DET crl-25578 8 23 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 8 24 - - PUNCT crl-25578 8 25 analytic analytic ADJ crl-25578 8 26 review review NOUN crl-25578 8 27 of of ADP crl-25578 8 28 the the DET crl-25578 8 29 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 8 30 , , PUNCT crl-25578 8 31 so so SCONJ crl-25578 8 32 that that SCONJ crl-25578 8 33 library library NOUN crl-25578 8 34 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 8 35 can can AUX crl-25578 8 36 make make VERB crl-25578 8 37 informed informed ADJ crl-25578 8 38 choices choice NOUN crl-25578 8 39 about about ADP crl-25578 8 40 how how SCONJ crl-25578 8 41 to to PART crl-25578 8 42 spend spend VERB crl-25578 8 43 their their PRON crl-25578 8 44 time time NOUN crl-25578 8 45 , , PUNCT crl-25578 8 46 resources resource NOUN crl-25578 8 47 , , PUNCT crl-25578 8 48 and and CCONJ crl-25578 8 49 efforts effort NOUN crl-25578 8 50 in in ADP crl-25578 8 51 supporting support VERB crl-25578 8 52 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-25578 8 53 student student NOUN crl-25578 8 54 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 8 55 . . PUNCT crl-25578 9 1 the the DET crl-25578 9 2 aim aim NOUN crl-25578 9 3 of of ADP crl-25578 9 4 this this DET crl-25578 9 5 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 9 6 - - PUNCT crl-25578 9 7 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 9 8 is be AUX crl-25578 9 9 to to PART crl-25578 9 10 attempt attempt VERB crl-25578 9 11 to to PART crl-25578 9 12 answer answer VERB crl-25578 9 13 the the DET crl-25578 9 14 research research NOUN crl-25578 9 15 question question NOUN crl-25578 9 16 : : PUNCT crl-25578 9 17 does do VERB crl-25578 9 18 the the DET crl-25578 9 19 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 9 20 library library NOUN crl-25578 9 21 one one NUM crl-25578 9 22 - - PUNCT crl-25578 9 23 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 9 24 result result NOUN crl-25578 9 25 in in ADP crl-25578 9 26 improved improved ADJ crl-25578 9 27 information information NOUN crl-25578 9 28 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 9 29 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-25578 9 30 and/ and/ PROPN crl-25578 9 31 or or CCONJ crl-25578 9 32 skills skill NOUN crl-25578 9 33 of of ADP crl-25578 9 34 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-25578 9 35 students student NOUN crl-25578 9 36 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 10 1 so so ADV crl-25578 10 2 - - PUNCT crl-25578 10 3 called call VERB crl-25578 10 4 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 10 5 bibliographic bibliographic ADJ crl-25578 10 6 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 10 7 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 10 8 emerged emerge VERB crl-25578 10 9 in in ADP crl-25578 10 10 the the DET crl-25578 10 11 1980s 1980s NUM crl-25578 10 12 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 10 13 and and CCONJ crl-25578 10 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 10 15 by by ADP crl-25578 10 16 the the DET crl-25578 10 17 1990s 1990s NUM crl-25578 10 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 10 19 it it PRON crl-25578 10 20 was be AUX crl-25578 10 21 firmly firmly ADV crl-25578 10 22 entrenched entrench VERB crl-25578 10 23 as as ADP crl-25578 10 24 a a DET crl-25578 10 25 key key ADJ crl-25578 10 26 component component NOUN crl-25578 10 27 of of ADP crl-25578 10 28 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 10 29 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 10 30 ’ ' PUNCT crl-25578 10 31 work work NOUN crl-25578 10 32 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 10 33 martin martin PROPN crl-25578 10 34 & & CCONJ crl-25578 10 35 jacobson jacobson PROPN crl-25578 10 36 , , PUNCT crl-25578 10 37 1995 1995 NUM crl-25578 10 38 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 10 39 . . PUNCT crl-25578 11 1 almost almost ADV crl-25578 11 2 as as ADV crl-25578 11 3 early early ADV crl-25578 11 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 11 5 the the DET crl-25578 11 6 one one NUM crl-25578 11 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 11 8 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 11 9 began begin VERB crl-25578 11 10 to to PART crl-25578 11 11 receive receive VERB crl-25578 11 12 criticism criticism NOUN crl-25578 11 13 as as ADP crl-25578 11 14 an an DET crl-25578 11 15 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 11 16 teaching teaching NOUN crl-25578 11 17 tool tool NOUN crl-25578 11 18 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 11 19 gavin gavin PROPN crl-25578 11 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 11 21 1995 1995 NUM crl-25578 11 22 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 11 23 . . PUNCT crl-25578 12 1 as as SCONJ crl-25578 12 2 bowles bowles PROPN crl-25578 12 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 12 4 terry terry PROPN crl-25578 12 5 and and CCONJ crl-25578 12 6 donovan donovan PROPN crl-25578 12 7 put put VERB crl-25578 12 8 it it PRON crl-25578 12 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 10 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 12 11 one one NUM crl-25578 12 12 - - PUNCT crl-25578 12 13 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 12 14 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 12 15 sessions session NOUN crl-25578 12 16 were be AUX crl-25578 12 17 born bear VERB crl-25578 12 18 out out ADP crl-25578 12 19 of of ADP crl-25578 12 20 necessity necessity NOUN crl-25578 12 21 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 22 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 12 23 yet yet CCONJ crl-25578 12 24 they they PRON crl-25578 12 25 have have AUX crl-25578 12 26 continued continue VERB crl-25578 12 27 to to PART crl-25578 12 28 be be AUX crl-25578 12 29 the the DET crl-25578 12 30 dominant dominant ADJ crl-25578 12 31 mode mode NOUN crl-25578 12 32 of of ADP crl-25578 12 33 work work NOUN crl-25578 12 34 for for ADP crl-25578 12 35 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 12 36 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 12 37 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 12 38 bowlesterry bowlesterry PROPN crl-25578 12 39 & & CCONJ crl-25578 12 40 donovan donovan PROPN crl-25578 12 41 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 42 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 12 43 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 44 137 137 NUM crl-25578 12 45 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 12 46 for for ADP crl-25578 12 47 more more ADV crl-25578 12 48 recent recent ADJ crl-25578 12 49 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25578 12 50 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 51 please please INTJ crl-25578 12 52 see see VERB crl-25578 12 53 hsiesh hsiesh ADJ crl-25578 12 54 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 55 dawson dawson PROPN crl-25578 12 56 & & CCONJ crl-25578 12 57 yang yang PROPN crl-25578 12 58 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 59 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 12 60 , , PUNCT crl-25578 12 61 3 3 NUM crl-25578 12 62 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 12 63 . . PUNCT crl-25578 13 1 while while SCONJ crl-25578 13 2 many many ADJ crl-25578 13 3 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 13 4 may may AUX crl-25578 13 5 prefer prefer VERB crl-25578 13 6 other other ADJ crl-25578 13 7 ways way NOUN crl-25578 13 8 of of ADP crl-25578 13 9 engaging engage VERB crl-25578 13 10 with with ADP crl-25578 13 11 students student NOUN crl-25578 13 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 13 13 the the DET crl-25578 13 14 constraints constraint NOUN crl-25578 13 15 on on ADP crl-25578 13 16 library library PROPN crl-25578 13 17 instructional instructional ADJ crl-25578 13 18 engagement engagement NOUN crl-25578 13 19 remain remain VERB crl-25578 13 20 . . PUNCT crl-25578 14 1 due due ADP crl-25578 14 2 to to ADP crl-25578 14 3 the the DET crl-25578 14 4 prevalence prevalence NOUN crl-25578 14 5 of of ADP crl-25578 14 6 one one NUM crl-25578 14 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 14 8 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 14 9 sessions session NOUN crl-25578 14 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 14 11 which which PRON crl-25578 14 12 encompass encompass VERB crl-25578 14 13 a a DET crl-25578 14 14 wide wide ADJ crl-25578 14 15 variety variety NOUN crl-25578 14 16 of of ADP crl-25578 14 17 pedagogical pedagogical ADJ crl-25578 14 18 approaches approach NOUN crl-25578 14 19 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 14 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 14 21 there there PRON crl-25578 14 22 is be VERB crl-25578 14 23 a a DET crl-25578 14 24 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 14 25 and and CCONJ crl-25578 14 26 divisive divisive ADJ crl-25578 14 27 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 14 28 about about ADP crl-25578 14 29 the the DET crl-25578 14 30 overall overall ADJ crl-25578 14 31 goals goal NOUN crl-25578 14 32 of of ADP crl-25578 14 33 the the DET crl-25578 14 34 one one NUM crl-25578 14 35 - - PUNCT crl-25578 14 36 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 14 37 model model NOUN crl-25578 14 38 of of ADP crl-25578 14 39 information information NOUN crl-25578 14 40 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 14 41 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 14 42 , , PUNCT crl-25578 14 43 as as ADV crl-25578 14 44 well well ADV crl-25578 14 45 as as ADP crl-25578 14 46 the the DET crl-25578 14 47 method method NOUN crl-25578 14 48 ’s ’s NOUN crl-25578 14 49 efficacy efficacy NOUN crl-25578 14 50 . . PUNCT crl-25578 15 1 can can AUX crl-25578 15 2 meaningful meaningful ADJ crl-25578 15 3 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 15 4 occur occur VERB crl-25578 15 5 in in ADP crl-25578 15 6 a a DET crl-25578 15 7 single single ADJ crl-25578 15 8 librarian librarian ADJ crl-25578 15 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 15 10 mediated mediate VERB crl-25578 15 11 session session NOUN crl-25578 15 12 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 16 1 some some DET crl-25578 16 2 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 16 3 claim claim VERB crl-25578 16 4 that that SCONJ crl-25578 16 5 this this DET crl-25578 16 6 method method NOUN crl-25578 16 7 is be AUX crl-25578 16 8 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 16 9 preposterous preposterous ADJ crl-25578 16 10 for for ADP crl-25578 16 11 many many ADJ crl-25578 16 12 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 16 13 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 16 14 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 16 15 walker walker NOUN crl-25578 16 16 and and CCONJ crl-25578 16 17 pearce pearce NOUN crl-25578 16 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 16 19 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 16 20 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 16 21 , , PUNCT crl-25578 16 22 while while SCONJ crl-25578 16 23 others other NOUN crl-25578 16 24 assert assert VERB crl-25578 16 25 that that SCONJ crl-25578 16 26 the the DET crl-25578 16 27 one one NUM crl-25578 16 28 - - PUNCT crl-25578 16 29 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 16 30 is be AUX crl-25578 16 31 a a DET crl-25578 16 32 valuable valuable ADJ crl-25578 16 33 tool tool NOUN crl-25578 16 34 for for ADP crl-25578 16 35 student student NOUN crl-25578 16 36 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 16 37 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 16 38 one one NUM crl-25578 16 39 example example NOUN crl-25578 16 40 : : PUNCT crl-25578 16 41 * * PUNCT crl-25578 16 42     SPACE crl-25578 16 43 dani dani PROPN crl-25578 16 44 brecher brecher PROPN crl-25578 16 45 cook cook PROPN crl-25578 16 46 is be AUX crl-25578 16 47 associate associate ADJ crl-25578 16 48 university university NOUN crl-25578 16 49 librarian librarian NOUN crl-25578 16 50 , , PUNCT crl-25578 16 51 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 16 52 and and CCONJ crl-25578 16 53 user user NOUN crl-25578 16 54 experience experience NOUN crl-25578 16 55 at at ADP crl-25578 16 56 the the DET crl-25578 16 57 uc uc PROPN crl-25578 16 58 san san PROPN crl-25578 16 59 diego diego PROPN crl-25578 16 60 library library PROPN crl-25578 16 61 , , PUNCT crl-25578 16 62 email email NOUN crl-25578 16 63 : : PUNCT crl-25578 16 64 danicook@ucsd.edu danicook@ucsd.edu PROPN crl-25578 16 65 . . PUNCT crl-25578 17 1 © © ADJ crl-25578 17 2 2022 2022 NUM crl-25578 17 3 dani dani PROPN crl-25578 17 4 cook cook PROPN crl-25578 17 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 17 6 attribution attribution NOUN crl-25578 17 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 17 8 noncommercial noncommercial ADJ crl-25578 17 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 17 10 https://creativecommons.org/ https://creativecommons.org/ NOUN crl-25578 17 11 licenses license NOUN crl-25578 17 12 / / SYM crl-25578 17 13 by by ADP crl-25578 17 14 - - PUNCT crl-25578 17 15 nc/4.0/ nc/4.0/ SPACE crl-25578 17 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 17 17 cc cc VERB crl-25578 17 18 by by ADP crl-25578 17 19 - - PUNCT crl-25578 17 20 nc nc PROPN crl-25578 17 21 . . PUNCT crl-25578 18 1 mailto:danicook@ucsd.edu mailto:danicook@ucsd.edu PROPN crl-25578 18 2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NUM crl-25578 18 3 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ PROPN crl-25578 18 4 740 740 NUM crl-25578 18 5 college college PROPN crl-25578 18 6 & & CCONJ crl-25578 18 7 research research PROPN crl-25578 18 8 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 18 9 september september PROPN crl-25578 18 10 2022 2022 NUM crl-25578 18 11 wang wang PROPN crl-25578 18 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 18 13 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 18 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 18 15 . . PUNCT crl-25578 19 1 in in ADP crl-25578 19 2 her her PRON crl-25578 19 3 recent recent ADJ crl-25578 19 4 editorial editorial NOUN crl-25578 19 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 19 6 pagowsky pagowsky NOUN crl-25578 19 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 19 8 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 19 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 19 10 claims claim VERB crl-25578 19 11 that that SCONJ crl-25578 19 12 the the DET crl-25578 19 13 one one NUM crl-25578 19 14 - - PUNCT crl-25578 19 15 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 19 16 is be AUX crl-25578 19 17 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 19 18 transactional transactional ADJ crl-25578 19 19 and and CCONJ crl-25578 19 20 keeps keep VERB crl-25578 19 21 us we PRON crl-25578 19 22 in in ADP crl-25578 19 23 cycles cycle NOUN crl-25578 19 24 of of ADP crl-25578 19 25 ineffectiveness ineffectiveness NOUN crl-25578 19 26 . . PUNCT crl-25578 19 27 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 20 1 the the DET crl-25578 20 2 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 20 3 ranges range VERB crl-25578 20 4 from from ADP crl-25578 20 5 self self NOUN crl-25578 20 6 - - PUNCT crl-25578 20 7 reports report NOUN crl-25578 20 8 of of ADP crl-25578 20 9 student student NOUN crl-25578 20 10 attitudes attitude NOUN crl-25578 20 11 and and CCONJ crl-25578 20 12 behaviors behavior NOUN crl-25578 20 13 toward toward ADP crl-25578 20 14 the the DET crl-25578 20 15 library library NOUN crl-25578 20 16 , , PUNCT crl-25578 20 17 to to PART crl-25578 20 18 preand preand VERB crl-25578 20 19 post post ADJ crl-25578 20 20 - - NOUN crl-25578 20 21 testing testing NOUN crl-25578 20 22 of of ADP crl-25578 20 23 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 20 24 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-25578 20 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 20 26 to to PART crl-25578 20 27 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 20 28 assessments1 assessments1 NOUN crl-25578 20 29 of of ADP crl-25578 20 30 information information NOUN crl-25578 20 31 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 20 32 in in ADP crl-25578 20 33 student student NOUN crl-25578 20 34 work work NOUN crl-25578 20 35 at at ADP crl-25578 20 36 the the DET crl-25578 20 37 end end NOUN crl-25578 20 38 of of ADP crl-25578 20 39 a a DET crl-25578 20 40 term term NOUN crl-25578 20 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 21 1 while while SCONJ crl-25578 21 2 the the DET crl-25578 21 3 profession profession NOUN crl-25578 21 4 was be AUX crl-25578 21 5 called call VERB crl-25578 21 6 upon upon SCONJ crl-25578 21 7 to to PART crl-25578 21 8 robustly robustly ADV crl-25578 21 9 assess assess VERB crl-25578 21 10 learning learn VERB crl-25578 21 11 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 21 12 in in ADP crl-25578 21 13 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 21 14 as as ADV crl-25578 21 15 early early ADV crl-25578 21 16 as as ADP crl-25578 21 17 davinson davinson PROPN crl-25578 21 18 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 21 19 1984 1984 NUM crl-25578 21 20 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 21 21 and and CCONJ crl-25578 21 22 barclay barclay NOUN crl-25578 21 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 21 24 1993 1993 NUM crl-25578 21 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 21 26 and and CCONJ crl-25578 21 27 the the DET crl-25578 21 28 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 21 29 has have AUX crl-25578 21 30 grown grow VERB crl-25578 21 31 large large ADJ crl-25578 21 32 since since SCONJ crl-25578 21 33 then then ADV crl-25578 21 34 , , PUNCT crl-25578 21 35 there there PRON crl-25578 21 36 continues continue VERB crl-25578 21 37 to to PART crl-25578 21 38 be be AUX crl-25578 21 39 little little ADJ crl-25578 21 40 agreement agreement NOUN crl-25578 21 41 on on ADP crl-25578 21 42 which which PRON crl-25578 21 43 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 21 44 are be AUX crl-25578 21 45 meaningful meaningful ADJ crl-25578 21 46 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 21 47 , , PUNCT crl-25578 21 48 best good ADJ crl-25578 21 49 practices practice NOUN crl-25578 21 50 for for ADP crl-25578 21 51 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 21 52 design design NOUN crl-25578 21 53 , , PUNCT crl-25578 21 54 and and CCONJ crl-25578 21 55 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 21 56 instruments instrument NOUN crl-25578 21 57 . . PUNCT crl-25578 22 1 the the DET crl-25578 22 2 category category NOUN crl-25578 22 3 of of ADP crl-25578 22 4 the the DET crl-25578 22 5 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 22 6 one one NUM crl-25578 22 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 22 8 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 22 9 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 22 10 includes include VERB crl-25578 22 11 a a DET crl-25578 22 12 diverse diverse ADJ crl-25578 22 13 range range NOUN crl-25578 22 14 of of ADP crl-25578 22 15 pedagogical pedagogical ADJ crl-25578 22 16 approaches approach NOUN crl-25578 22 17 , , PUNCT crl-25578 22 18 goals goal NOUN crl-25578 22 19 , , PUNCT crl-25578 22 20 and and CCONJ crl-25578 22 21 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 22 22 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 22 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 22 24 all all PRON crl-25578 22 25 bound bind VERB crl-25578 22 26 together together ADV crl-25578 22 27 by by ADP crl-25578 22 28 the the DET crl-25578 22 29 common common ADJ crl-25578 22 30 qualities quality NOUN crl-25578 22 31 of of ADP crl-25578 22 32 being be AUX crl-25578 22 33 a a DET crl-25578 22 34 single single ADJ crl-25578 22 35 standalone standalone ADJ crl-25578 22 36 , , PUNCT crl-25578 22 37 time time NOUN crl-25578 22 38 - - PUNCT crl-25578 22 39 limited limit VERB crl-25578 22 40 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 22 41 often often ADV crl-25578 22 42 45or 45or ADJ crl-25578 22 43 60 60 NUM crl-25578 22 44 - - PUNCT crl-25578 22 45 minute minute NOUN crl-25578 22 46 , , PUNCT crl-25578 22 47 though though SCONJ crl-25578 22 48 may may AUX crl-25578 22 49 be be AUX crl-25578 22 50 as as ADV crl-25578 22 51 short short ADJ crl-25578 22 52 as as ADP crl-25578 22 53 15 15 NUM crl-25578 22 54 minutes minute NOUN crl-25578 22 55 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 22 56 session session NOUN crl-25578 22 57 . . PUNCT crl-25578 23 1 within within ADP crl-25578 23 2 the the DET crl-25578 23 3 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 23 4 library library NOUN crl-25578 23 5 context context NOUN crl-25578 23 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 23 7 the the DET crl-25578 23 8 one one NUM crl-25578 23 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 23 10 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 23 11 is be AUX crl-25578 23 12 meant mean VERB crl-25578 23 13 to to PART crl-25578 23 14 deliver deliver VERB crl-25578 23 15 information information NOUN crl-25578 23 16 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 23 17 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-25578 23 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 23 19 which which PRON crl-25578 23 20 can can AUX crl-25578 23 21 be be AUX crl-25578 23 22 measured measure VERB crl-25578 23 23 and and CCONJ crl-25578 23 24 understood understand VERB crl-25578 23 25 in in ADP crl-25578 23 26 a a DET crl-25578 23 27 variety variety NOUN crl-25578 23 28 of of ADP crl-25578 23 29 ways way NOUN crl-25578 23 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 24 1 sobel sobel PROPN crl-25578 24 2 & & CCONJ crl-25578 24 3 sugimoto sugimoto PROPN crl-25578 24 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 24 5 2012 2012 NUM crl-25578 24 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 24 7 found find VERB crl-25578 24 8 that that SCONJ crl-25578 24 9 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 24 10 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 24 11 use use VERB crl-25578 24 12 a a DET crl-25578 24 13 wide wide ADJ crl-25578 24 14 variety variety NOUN crl-25578 24 15 of of ADP crl-25578 24 16 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 24 17 tools tool NOUN crl-25578 24 18 and and CCONJ crl-25578 24 19 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 24 20 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 24 21 , , PUNCT crl-25578 24 22 with with ADP crl-25578 24 23 a a DET crl-25578 24 24 focus focus NOUN crl-25578 24 25 on on ADP crl-25578 24 26 access access NOUN crl-25578 24 27 and and CCONJ crl-25578 24 28 resource resource NOUN crl-25578 24 29 selection selection NOUN crl-25578 24 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 25 1 between between ADP crl-25578 25 2 2000 2000 NUM crl-25578 25 3 and and CCONJ crl-25578 25 4 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 25 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 25 6 many many ADJ crl-25578 25 7 studies study NOUN crl-25578 25 8 used use VERB crl-25578 25 9 the the DET crl-25578 25 10 acrl acrl ADJ crl-25578 25 11 information information NOUN crl-25578 25 12 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 25 13 competency competency NOUN crl-25578 25 14 standards standard NOUN crl-25578 25 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 25 16 2000 2000 NUM crl-25578 25 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 25 18 to to PART crl-25578 25 19 determine determine VERB crl-25578 25 20 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 25 21 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 25 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 25 23 for for ADP crl-25578 25 24 instance instance NOUN crl-25578 25 25 : : PUNCT crl-25578 25 26 hsieh hsieh PROPN crl-25578 25 27 & & CCONJ crl-25578 25 28 holden holden PROPN crl-25578 25 29 , , PUNCT crl-25578 25 30 2010 2010 NUM crl-25578 25 31 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 25 32 rosenblatt rosenblatt NOUN crl-25578 25 33 , , PUNCT crl-25578 25 34 2010 2010 NUM crl-25578 25 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 25 36 , , PUNCT crl-25578 25 37 and and CCONJ crl-25578 25 38 other other ADJ crl-25578 25 39 studies study NOUN crl-25578 25 40 continue continue VERB crl-25578 25 41 to to PART crl-25578 25 42 use use VERB crl-25578 25 43 specialized specialized ADJ crl-25578 25 44 subject subject NOUN crl-25578 25 45 matter matter NOUN crl-25578 25 46 information information NOUN crl-25578 25 47 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 25 48 standards standard NOUN crl-25578 25 49 from from ADP crl-25578 25 50 acrl acrl ADJ crl-25578 25 51 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 25 52 such such ADJ crl-25578 25 53 as as ADP crl-25578 25 54 tran tran ADJ crl-25578 25 55 et et PROPN crl-25578 26 1 al al PROPN crl-25578 26 2 . . PROPN crl-25578 26 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 26 4 2018 2018 NUM crl-25578 26 5 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 27 1 . . PUNCT crl-25578 28 1 after after ADP crl-25578 28 2 the the DET crl-25578 28 3 adoption adoption NOUN crl-25578 28 4 of of ADP crl-25578 28 5 the the DET crl-25578 28 6 acrl acrl ADJ crl-25578 28 7 framework framework NOUN crl-25578 28 8 for for ADP crl-25578 28 9 information information NOUN crl-25578 28 10 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 28 11 in in ADP crl-25578 28 12 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 28 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 28 14 the the DET crl-25578 28 15 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 28 16 moved move VERB crl-25578 28 17 away away ADV crl-25578 28 18 from from ADP crl-25578 28 19 standards standard NOUN crl-25578 28 20 - - PUNCT crl-25578 28 21 based base VERB crl-25578 28 22 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 28 23 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 28 24 to to ADP crl-25578 28 25 concept concept NOUN crl-25578 28 26 - - PUNCT crl-25578 28 27 driven drive VERB crl-25578 28 28 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 28 29 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 28 30 examples example NOUN crl-25578 28 31 : : PUNCT crl-25578 28 32 hurley hurley PROPN crl-25578 28 33 & & CCONJ crl-25578 28 34 potter potter NOUN crl-25578 28 35 , , PUNCT crl-25578 28 36 2017 2017 NUM crl-25578 28 37 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 28 38 tomaszeski tomaszeski NOUN crl-25578 28 39 , , PUNCT crl-25578 28 40 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 28 41 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 28 42 . . PUNCT crl-25578 29 1 yet yet CCONJ crl-25578 29 2 other other ADJ crl-25578 29 3 studies study NOUN crl-25578 29 4 employ employ VERB crl-25578 29 5 entirely entirely ADV crl-25578 29 6 different different ADJ crl-25578 29 7 frameworks framework NOUN crl-25578 29 8 for for ADP crl-25578 29 9 information information NOUN crl-25578 29 10 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 29 11 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 29 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 29 13 such such ADJ crl-25578 29 14 as as ADP crl-25578 29 15 the the DET crl-25578 29 16 research research NOUN crl-25578 29 17 readiness readiness NOUN crl-25578 29 18 - - PUNCT crl-25578 29 19 focused focus VERB crl-25578 29 20 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 29 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 29 22 wang wang PROPN crl-25578 29 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 29 24 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 29 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 29 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 29 27 or or CCONJ crl-25578 29 28 focus focus VERB crl-25578 29 29 on on ADP crl-25578 29 30 the the DET crl-25578 29 31 diversity diversity NOUN crl-25578 29 32 of of ADP crl-25578 29 33 source source NOUN crl-25578 29 34 types type NOUN crl-25578 29 35 used use VERB crl-25578 29 36 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 29 37 howard howard PROPN crl-25578 29 38 et et PROPN crl-25578 29 39 al al PROPN crl-25578 29 40 . . PROPN crl-25578 29 41 , , PUNCT crl-25578 29 42 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 29 43 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 29 44 . . PUNCT crl-25578 30 1 despite despite SCONJ crl-25578 30 2 the the DET crl-25578 30 3 wide wide ADJ crl-25578 30 4 variety variety NOUN crl-25578 30 5 of of ADP crl-25578 30 6 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 30 7 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 30 8 and and CCONJ crl-25578 30 9 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 30 10 types type NOUN crl-25578 30 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 30 12 these these DET crl-25578 30 13 studies study NOUN crl-25578 30 14 are be AUX crl-25578 30 15 often often ADV crl-25578 30 16 framed frame VERB crl-25578 30 17 as as ADP crl-25578 30 18 measuring measure VERB crl-25578 30 19 the the DET crl-25578 30 20 efficacy efficacy NOUN crl-25578 30 21 of of ADP crl-25578 30 22 the the DET crl-25578 30 23 one one NUM crl-25578 30 24 - - PUNCT crl-25578 30 25 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 30 26 in in ADP crl-25578 30 27 teaching teach VERB crl-25578 30 28 information information NOUN crl-25578 30 29 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 30 30 – – PUNCT crl-25578 30 31 related relate VERB crl-25578 30 32 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 30 33 . . PUNCT crl-25578 31 1 within within ADP crl-25578 31 2 the the DET crl-25578 31 3 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 31 4 examining examine VERB crl-25578 31 5 one one NUM crl-25578 31 6 - - PUNCT crl-25578 31 7 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 31 8 library library NOUN crl-25578 31 9 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 31 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 31 11 there there PRON crl-25578 31 12 is be VERB crl-25578 31 13 a a DET crl-25578 31 14 broad broad ADJ crl-25578 31 15 range range NOUN crl-25578 31 16 of of ADP crl-25578 31 17 quality quality NOUN crl-25578 31 18 of of ADP crl-25578 31 19 studies study NOUN crl-25578 31 20 as as ADV crl-25578 31 21 well well ADV crl-25578 31 22 . . PUNCT crl-25578 32 1 early early ADJ crl-25578 32 2 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 32 3 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 32 4 from from ADP crl-25578 32 5 the the DET crl-25578 32 6 2000s 2000 NOUN crl-25578 32 7 has have AUX crl-25578 32 8 been be AUX crl-25578 32 9 criticized criticize VERB crl-25578 32 10 for for ADP crl-25578 32 11 its its PRON crl-25578 32 12 reliance reliance NOUN crl-25578 32 13 on on ADP crl-25578 32 14 convenience convenience NOUN crl-25578 32 15 sampling sampling NOUN crl-25578 32 16 , , PUNCT crl-25578 32 17 as as ADV crl-25578 32 18 well well ADV crl-25578 32 19 as as ADP crl-25578 32 20 a a DET crl-25578 32 21 lack lack NOUN crl-25578 32 22 of of ADP crl-25578 32 23 emphasis emphasis NOUN crl-25578 32 24 on on ADP crl-25578 32 25 long long ADJ crl-25578 32 26 - - PUNCT crl-25578 32 27 term term NOUN crl-25578 32 28 retention retention NOUN crl-25578 32 29 of of ADP crl-25578 32 30 skills skill NOUN crl-25578 32 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 32 32 spievak spievak NOUN crl-25578 32 33 & & CCONJ crl-25578 32 34 hayes hayes PROPN crl-25578 32 35 - - PUNCT crl-25578 32 36 bohanan bohanan PROPN crl-25578 32 37 , , PUNCT crl-25578 32 38 2013 2013 NUM crl-25578 32 39 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 32 40 . . PUNCT crl-25578 33 1 however however ADV crl-25578 33 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 33 3 more more ADV crl-25578 33 4 recent recent ADJ crl-25578 33 5 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 33 6 tends tend VERB crl-25578 33 7 to to PART crl-25578 33 8 be be AUX crl-25578 33 9 more more ADV crl-25578 33 10 expertly expertly ADV crl-25578 33 11 designed design VERB crl-25578 33 12 and and CCONJ crl-25578 33 13 executed execute VERB crl-25578 33 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 33 15 though though SCONJ crl-25578 33 16 longitudinal longitudinal ADJ crl-25578 33 17 studies study NOUN crl-25578 33 18 remain remain VERB crl-25578 33 19 scarce scarce ADJ crl-25578 33 20 . . PUNCT crl-25578 34 1 additionally additionally ADV crl-25578 34 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 34 3 most most ADJ crl-25578 34 4 of of ADP crl-25578 34 5 the the DET crl-25578 34 6 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 34 7 focuses focus VERB crl-25578 34 8 on on ADP crl-25578 34 9 early early ADJ crl-25578 34 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 34 11 career career NOUN crl-25578 34 12 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-25578 34 13 populations population NOUN crl-25578 34 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 34 15 such such ADJ crl-25578 34 16 as as ADP crl-25578 34 17 introductory introductory NOUN crl-25578 34 18 writing write VERB crl-25578 34 19 courses course NOUN crl-25578 34 20 or or CCONJ crl-25578 34 21 college college NOUN crl-25578 34 22 - - PUNCT crl-25578 34 23 preparedness preparedness NOUN crl-25578 34 24 courses course NOUN crl-25578 34 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 34 26 with with ADP crl-25578 34 27 very very ADV crl-25578 34 28 few few ADJ crl-25578 34 29 studies study NOUN crl-25578 34 30 examining examine VERB crl-25578 34 31 graduate graduate NOUN crl-25578 34 32 populations population NOUN crl-25578 34 33 . . PUNCT crl-25578 35 1 methods method NOUN crl-25578 35 2 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 35 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 35 4 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 35 5 was be AUX crl-25578 35 6 selected select VERB crl-25578 35 7 as as ADP crl-25578 35 8 the the DET crl-25578 35 9 most most ADV crl-25578 35 10 relevant relevant ADJ crl-25578 35 11 method method NOUN crl-25578 35 12 for for ADP crl-25578 35 13 conducting conduct VERB crl-25578 35 14 the the DET crl-25578 35 15 work work NOUN crl-25578 35 16 of of ADP crl-25578 35 17 examining examine VERB crl-25578 35 18 the the DET crl-25578 35 19 aggregate aggregate ADJ crl-25578 35 20 impact impact NOUN crl-25578 35 21 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 35 22 or or CCONJ crl-25578 35 23 not not PART crl-25578 35 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 35 25 of of ADP crl-25578 35 26 the the DET crl-25578 35 27 one one NUM crl-25578 35 28 - - PUNCT crl-25578 35 29 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 35 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 36 1 a a DET crl-25578 36 2 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 36 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 36 4 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 36 5 is be AUX crl-25578 36 6 a a DET crl-25578 36 7 formal formal ADJ crl-25578 36 8 review review NOUN crl-25578 36 9 that that PRON crl-25578 36 10 collects collect VERB crl-25578 36 11 relevant relevant ADJ crl-25578 36 12 studies study NOUN crl-25578 36 13 that that PRON crl-25578 36 14 examine examine VERB crl-25578 36 15 the the DET crl-25578 36 16 same same ADJ crl-25578 36 17 topic topic NOUN crl-25578 36 18 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 36 19 but but CCONJ crl-25578 36 20 may may AUX crl-25578 36 21 have have VERB crl-25578 36 22 different different ADJ crl-25578 36 23 methods method NOUN crl-25578 36 24 or or CCONJ crl-25578 36 25 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 36 26 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 36 27 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 36 28 and and CCONJ crl-25578 36 29 synthesizes synthesize VERB crl-25578 36 30 their their PRON crl-25578 36 31 results result NOUN crl-25578 36 32 using use VERB crl-25578 36 33 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 36 34 methods method NOUN crl-25578 36 35 . . PUNCT crl-25578 37 1 relevant relevant ADJ crl-25578 37 2 studies study NOUN crl-25578 37 3 were be AUX crl-25578 37 4 identified identify VERB crl-25578 37 5 by by ADP crl-25578 37 6 searching search VERB crl-25578 37 7 lista lista PROPN crl-25578 37 8 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 37 9 library library NOUN crl-25578 37 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 37 11 information information NOUN crl-25578 37 12 science science NOUN crl-25578 37 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 37 14 and and CCONJ crl-25578 37 15 technology technology NOUN crl-25578 37 16 abstracts abstract NOUN crl-25578 37 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 37 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 37 19 library library PROPN crl-25578 37 20 literature literature PROPN crl-25578 37 21 and and CCONJ crl-25578 37 22 information information NOUN crl-25578 37 23 science science NOUN crl-25578 37 24 full full ADJ crl-25578 37 25 text text NOUN crl-25578 37 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 37 27 h.w h.w PROPN crl-25578 37 28 . . PROPN crl-25578 37 29 wilson wilson PROPN crl-25578 37 30 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 37 31 , , PUNCT crl-25578 37 32 eric eric PROPN crl-25578 37 33 , , PUNCT crl-25578 37 34 and and CCONJ crl-25578 37 35 education education NOUN crl-25578 37 36 source source NOUN crl-25578 37 37 in in ADP crl-25578 37 38 october october PROPN crl-25578 37 39 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 37 40 . . PUNCT crl-25578 38 1 the the DET crl-25578 38 2 search search NOUN crl-25578 38 3 strategy strategy NOUN crl-25578 38 4 combined combine VERB crl-25578 38 5 the the DET crl-25578 38 6 terms term NOUN crl-25578 38 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 38 8 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 38 9 one one NUM crl-25578 38 10 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 38 11 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 38 12 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 13 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 38 14 one one NUM crl-25578 38 15 - - PUNCT crl-25578 38 16 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 38 17 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 38 18 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 19 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 38 20 single single ADJ crl-25578 38 21 - - PUNCT crl-25578 38 22 session session NOUN crl-25578 38 23 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 38 24 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 25 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 38 26 bibliographic bibliographic ADJ crl-25578 38 27 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 38 28 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 38 29 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 38 30 and and CCONJ crl-25578 38 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 38 32 assess assess NOUN crl-25578 38 33 * * PUNCT crl-25578 38 34 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 35 evaluat evaluat NOUN crl-25578 38 36 * * PUNCT crl-25578 38 37 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 38 measur measur PROPN crl-25578 38 39 * * PUNCT crl-25578 38 40 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 41 test test NOUN crl-25578 38 42 * * PUNCT crl-25578 38 43 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 38 44 and and CCONJ crl-25578 38 45 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 38 46 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN crl-25578 38 47 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 48 college college NOUN crl-25578 38 49 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 50 university university NOUN crl-25578 38 51 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 38 52 and and CCONJ crl-25578 38 53 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 38 54 librar librar NOUN crl-25578 38 55 * * NOUN crl-25578 38 56 or or CCONJ crl-25578 38 57 information information NOUN crl-25578 38 58 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 38 59 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 38 60 , , PUNCT crl-25578 38 61 and and CCONJ crl-25578 38 62 was be AUX crl-25578 38 63 not not PART crl-25578 38 64 restricted restrict VERB crl-25578 38 65 by by ADP crl-25578 38 66 date date NOUN crl-25578 38 67 range range NOUN crl-25578 38 68 . . PUNCT crl-25578 39 1 the the DET crl-25578 39 2 bibliographies bibliography NOUN crl-25578 39 3 of of ADP crl-25578 39 4 studies study NOUN crl-25578 39 5 that that PRON crl-25578 39 6 met meet VERB crl-25578 39 7 the the DET crl-25578 39 8 search search NOUN crl-25578 39 9 criteria criterion NOUN crl-25578 39 10 were be AUX crl-25578 39 11 mined mine VERB crl-25578 39 12 to to PART crl-25578 39 13 identify identify VERB crl-25578 39 14 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 39 15 studies study NOUN crl-25578 39 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 40 1 is be AUX crl-25578 40 2 the the DET crl-25578 40 3 library library NOUN crl-25578 40 4 one one NUM crl-25578 40 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 40 6 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 40 7 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 40 8 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 41 1 741 741 NUM crl-25578 41 2 case case NOUN crl-25578 41 3 studies study NOUN crl-25578 41 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 41 5 quasi quasi ADJ crl-25578 41 6 - - ADJ crl-25578 41 7 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 41 8 studies study NOUN crl-25578 41 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 41 10 and and CCONJ crl-25578 41 11 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 41 12 studies study NOUN crl-25578 41 13 were be AUX crl-25578 41 14 all all PRON crl-25578 41 15 considered consider VERB crl-25578 41 16 for for ADP crl-25578 41 17 this this DET crl-25578 41 18 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 41 19 - - PUNCT crl-25578 41 20 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 41 21 . . PUNCT crl-25578 42 1 to to PART crl-25578 42 2 be be AUX crl-25578 42 3 included include VERB crl-25578 42 4 in in ADP crl-25578 42 5 the the DET crl-25578 42 6 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 42 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 42 8 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 42 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 42 10 studies study NOUN crl-25578 42 11 had have VERB crl-25578 42 12 to to PART crl-25578 42 13 test test VERB crl-25578 42 14 the the DET crl-25578 42 15 educational educational ADJ crl-25578 42 16 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-25578 42 17 of of ADP crl-25578 42 18 a a DET crl-25578 42 19 one one NUM crl-25578 42 20 - - PUNCT crl-25578 42 21 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 42 22 library library NOUN crl-25578 42 23 session session NOUN crl-25578 42 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 42 25 meaning mean VERB crl-25578 42 26 that that SCONJ crl-25578 42 27 researchers researcher NOUN crl-25578 42 28 examined examine VERB crl-25578 42 29 a a DET crl-25578 42 30 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 42 31 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 42 32 that that PRON crl-25578 42 33 measured measure VERB crl-25578 42 34 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-25578 42 35 acquisition acquisition NOUN crl-25578 42 36 gained gain VERB crl-25578 42 37 from from ADP crl-25578 42 38 the the DET crl-25578 42 39 one one NUM crl-25578 42 40 - - PUNCT crl-25578 42 41 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 42 42 experience experience NOUN crl-25578 42 43 . . PUNCT crl-25578 43 1 for for ADP crl-25578 43 2 the the DET crl-25578 43 3 purposes purpose NOUN crl-25578 43 4 of of ADP crl-25578 43 5 this this DET crl-25578 43 6 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 43 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 43 8 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 43 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 43 10 the the DET crl-25578 43 11 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 43 12 did do AUX crl-25578 43 13 not not PART crl-25578 43 14 include include VERB crl-25578 43 15 studies study NOUN crl-25578 43 16 that that PRON crl-25578 43 17 examined examine VERB crl-25578 43 18 gpa gpa PROPN crl-25578 43 19 or or CCONJ crl-25578 43 20 course course NOUN crl-25578 43 21 grade grade NOUN crl-25578 43 22 as as ADP crl-25578 43 23 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 43 24 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 43 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 43 26 as as SCONJ crl-25578 43 27 these these PRON crl-25578 43 28 are be AUX crl-25578 43 29 controversial controversial ADJ crl-25578 43 30 metrics metric NOUN crl-25578 43 31 with with ADP crl-25578 43 32 many many ADJ crl-25578 43 33 potential potential ADJ crl-25578 43 34 confounding confound VERB crl-25578 43 35 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 43 36 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 43 37 examples example NOUN crl-25578 43 38 : : PUNCT crl-25578 43 39 fisher fisher PROPN crl-25578 43 40 , , PUNCT crl-25578 43 41 2018 2018 NUM crl-25578 43 42 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 43 43 robertshaw robertshaw PROPN crl-25578 43 44 & & CCONJ crl-25578 43 45 asher asher PROPN crl-25578 43 46 , , PUNCT crl-25578 43 47 2019 2019 NUM crl-25578 43 48 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 43 49 . . PUNCT crl-25578 44 1 studies study NOUN crl-25578 44 2 that that PRON crl-25578 44 3 measured measure VERB crl-25578 44 4 affect affect NOUN crl-25578 44 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 44 6 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 44 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 44 8 or or CCONJ crl-25578 44 9 anxiety anxiety NOUN crl-25578 44 10 were be AUX crl-25578 44 11 excluded exclude VERB crl-25578 44 12 . . PUNCT crl-25578 45 1 studies study NOUN crl-25578 45 2 that that PRON crl-25578 45 3 investigated investigate VERB crl-25578 45 4 the the DET crl-25578 45 5 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-25578 45 6 of of ADP crl-25578 45 7 online online ADJ crl-25578 45 8 modules module NOUN crl-25578 45 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 45 10 multisession multisession NOUN crl-25578 45 11 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 45 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 45 13 or or CCONJ crl-25578 45 14 term term NOUN crl-25578 45 15 - - PUNCT crl-25578 45 16 long long ADJ crl-25578 45 17 courses course NOUN crl-25578 45 18 were be AUX crl-25578 45 19 excluded exclude VERB crl-25578 45 20 . . PUNCT crl-25578 46 1 only only ADV crl-25578 46 2 publications publication NOUN crl-25578 46 3 from from ADP crl-25578 46 4 journals journal NOUN crl-25578 46 5 were be AUX crl-25578 46 6 considered consider VERB crl-25578 46 7 for for ADP crl-25578 46 8 inclusion inclusion NOUN crl-25578 46 9 in in ADP crl-25578 46 10 the the DET crl-25578 46 11 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 46 12 - - PUNCT crl-25578 46 13 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 46 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 47 1 prior prior ADV crl-25578 47 2 to to ADP crl-25578 47 3 making make VERB crl-25578 47 4 this this DET crl-25578 47 5 decision decision NOUN crl-25578 47 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 47 7 recent recent ADJ crl-25578 47 8 conference conference NOUN crl-25578 47 9 proceedings proceeding NOUN crl-25578 47 10 from from ADP crl-25578 47 11 loex loex NOUN crl-25578 47 12 and and CCONJ crl-25578 47 13 acrl acrl ADJ crl-25578 47 14 were be AUX crl-25578 47 15 examined examine VERB crl-25578 47 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 48 1 eligible eligible ADJ crl-25578 48 2 participant participant ADJ crl-25578 48 3 populations population NOUN crl-25578 48 4 were be AUX crl-25578 48 5 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-25578 48 6 students student NOUN crl-25578 48 7 at at ADP crl-25578 48 8 community community NOUN crl-25578 48 9 colleges college NOUN crl-25578 48 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 48 11 four four NUM crl-25578 48 12 - - PUNCT crl-25578 48 13 year year NOUN crl-25578 48 14 colleges college NOUN crl-25578 48 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 48 16 and and CCONJ crl-25578 48 17 universities university NOUN crl-25578 48 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 49 1 studies study NOUN crl-25578 49 2 were be AUX crl-25578 49 3 not not PART crl-25578 49 4 limited limit VERB crl-25578 49 5 by by ADP crl-25578 49 6 publication publication NOUN crl-25578 49 7 date date NOUN crl-25578 49 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 50 1 due due ADP crl-25578 50 2 to to ADP crl-25578 50 3 the the DET crl-25578 50 4 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 50 5 ’s ’s PART crl-25578 50 6 language language NOUN crl-25578 50 7 limitations limitation NOUN crl-25578 50 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 50 9 only only ADV crl-25578 50 10 studies study NOUN crl-25578 50 11 in in ADP crl-25578 50 12 english english PROPN crl-25578 50 13 were be AUX crl-25578 50 14 included include VERB crl-25578 50 15 . . PUNCT crl-25578 51 1 only only ADV crl-25578 51 2 peer peer NOUN crl-25578 51 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 51 4 reviewed review VERB crl-25578 51 5 journal journal NOUN crl-25578 51 6 publications publication NOUN crl-25578 51 7 were be AUX crl-25578 51 8 considered consider VERB crl-25578 51 9 for for ADP crl-25578 51 10 inclusion inclusion NOUN crl-25578 51 11 . . PUNCT crl-25578 52 1 the the DET crl-25578 52 2 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 52 3 reached reach VERB crl-25578 52 4 out out ADP crl-25578 52 5 to to ADP crl-25578 52 6 a a DET crl-25578 52 7 small small ADJ crl-25578 52 8 group group NOUN crl-25578 52 9 of of ADP crl-25578 52 10 authors author NOUN crl-25578 52 11 to to PART crl-25578 52 12 ask ask VERB crl-25578 52 13 for for ADP crl-25578 52 14 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 52 15 information information NOUN crl-25578 52 16 about about ADP crl-25578 52 17 their their PRON crl-25578 52 18 studies study NOUN crl-25578 52 19 to to PART crl-25578 52 20 determine determine VERB crl-25578 52 21 if if SCONJ crl-25578 52 22 they they PRON crl-25578 52 23 could could AUX crl-25578 52 24 be be AUX crl-25578 52 25 included include VERB crl-25578 52 26 . . PUNCT crl-25578 53 1 while while SCONJ crl-25578 53 2 there there PRON crl-25578 53 3 is be VERB crl-25578 53 4 an an DET crl-25578 53 5 emerging emerge VERB crl-25578 53 6 best good ADJ crl-25578 53 7 practice practice NOUN crl-25578 53 8 in in ADP crl-25578 53 9 the the DET crl-25578 53 10 social social ADJ crl-25578 53 11 sciences science NOUN crl-25578 53 12 to to PART crl-25578 53 13 include include VERB crl-25578 53 14 two two NUM crl-25578 53 15 independent independent ADJ crl-25578 53 16 reviewers reviewer NOUN crl-25578 53 17 in in ADP crl-25578 53 18 conducting conduct VERB crl-25578 53 19 a a DET crl-25578 53 20 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 53 21 - - PUNCT crl-25578 53 22 analytic analytic NOUN crl-25578 53 23 review review NOUN crl-25578 53 24 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 53 25 siddaway siddaway ADV crl-25578 53 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 53 27 wood wood PROPN crl-25578 53 28 & & CCONJ crl-25578 53 29 hedges hedge NOUN crl-25578 53 30 , , PUNCT crl-25578 53 31 2019 2019 NUM crl-25578 53 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 53 33 , , PUNCT crl-25578 53 34 the the DET crl-25578 53 35 present present ADJ crl-25578 53 36 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 53 37 - - PUNCT crl-25578 53 38 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 53 39 was be AUX crl-25578 53 40 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 53 41 by by ADP crl-25578 53 42 a a DET crl-25578 53 43 single single ADJ crl-25578 53 44 reviewer reviewer NOUN crl-25578 53 45 . . PUNCT crl-25578 54 1 as as SCONJ crl-25578 54 2 shown show VERB crl-25578 54 3 in in ADP crl-25578 54 4 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 54 5 1 1 NUM crl-25578 54 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 54 7 3,058 3,058 NUM crl-25578 54 8 potentially potentially ADV crl-25578 54 9 relevant relevant ADJ crl-25578 54 10 citations citation NOUN crl-25578 54 11 were be AUX crl-25578 54 12 retrieved retrieve VERB crl-25578 54 13 from from ADP crl-25578 54 14 the the DET crl-25578 54 15 structured structured ADJ crl-25578 54 16 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 54 17 search search NOUN crl-25578 54 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 55 1 titles title NOUN crl-25578 55 2 and and CCONJ crl-25578 55 3 abstracts abstract NOUN crl-25578 55 4 were be AUX crl-25578 55 5 reviewed review VERB crl-25578 55 6 to to PART crl-25578 55 7 determine determine VERB crl-25578 55 8 the the DET crl-25578 55 9 relevance relevance NOUN crl-25578 55 10 of of ADP crl-25578 55 11 the the DET crl-25578 55 12 article article NOUN crl-25578 55 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 55 14 as as ADV crl-25578 55 15 well well ADV crl-25578 55 16 as as ADP crl-25578 55 17 to to PART crl-25578 55 18 preliminarily preliminarily ADV crl-25578 55 19 identify identify VERB crl-25578 55 20 whether whether SCONJ crl-25578 55 21 the the DET crl-25578 55 22 article article NOUN crl-25578 55 23 was be AUX crl-25578 55 24 a a DET crl-25578 55 25 research research NOUN crl-25578 55 26 study study NOUN crl-25578 55 27 . . PUNCT crl-25578 56 1 of of ADP crl-25578 56 2 those those PRON crl-25578 56 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 56 4 66 66 NUM crl-25578 56 5 articles article NOUN crl-25578 56 6 were be AUX crl-25578 56 7 subject subject ADJ crl-25578 56 8 to to ADP crl-25578 56 9 in in ADP crl-25578 56 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 56 11 depth depth NOUN crl-25578 56 12 reviews review NOUN crl-25578 56 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 56 14 including include VERB crl-25578 56 15 examination examination NOUN crl-25578 56 16 of of ADP crl-25578 56 17 the the DET crl-25578 56 18 methods method NOUN crl-25578 56 19 and and CCONJ crl-25578 56 20 data datum NOUN crl-25578 56 21 reported report VERB crl-25578 56 22 in in ADP crl-25578 56 23 the the DET crl-25578 56 24 results result NOUN crl-25578 56 25 and and CCONJ crl-25578 56 26 discussion discussion NOUN crl-25578 56 27 . . PUNCT crl-25578 57 1 to to PART crl-25578 57 2 be be AUX crl-25578 57 3 included include VERB crl-25578 57 4 in in ADP crl-25578 57 5 the the DET crl-25578 57 6 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 57 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 57 8 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 57 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 57 10 study study NOUN crl-25578 57 11 design design NOUN crl-25578 57 12 needed need VERB crl-25578 57 13 to to PART crl-25578 57 14 be be AUX crl-25578 57 15 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 57 16 or or CCONJ crl-25578 57 17 quasi quasi ADJ crl-25578 57 18 - - ADJ crl-25578 57 19 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 57 20 and and CCONJ crl-25578 57 21 include include VERB crl-25578 57 22 a a DET crl-25578 57 23 measure measure NOUN crl-25578 57 24 that that PRON crl-25578 57 25 indicated indicate VERB crl-25578 57 26 difference difference NOUN crl-25578 57 27 due due ADP crl-25578 57 28 to to ADP crl-25578 57 29 the the DET crl-25578 57 30 one one NUM crl-25578 57 31 - - PUNCT crl-25578 57 32 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 57 33 intervention intervention NOUN crl-25578 57 34 . . PUNCT crl-25578 58 1 nine nine NUM crl-25578 58 2 of of ADP crl-25578 58 3 those those DET crl-25578 58 4 articles article NOUN crl-25578 58 5 included include VERB crl-25578 58 6 relevant relevant ADJ crl-25578 58 7 data datum NOUN crl-25578 58 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 58 9 such such ADJ crl-25578 58 10 as as ADP crl-25578 58 11 a a DET crl-25578 58 12 t t NOUN crl-25578 58 13 - - PUNCT crl-25578 58 14 statistic statistic NOUN crl-25578 58 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 58 16 chi chi NOUN crl-25578 58 17 - - PUNCT crl-25578 58 18 squared square VERB crl-25578 58 19 statistic statistic NOUN crl-25578 58 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 58 21 or or CCONJ crl-25578 58 22 mean mean ADJ crl-25578 58 23 and and CCONJ crl-25578 58 24 standard standard ADJ crl-25578 58 25 deviation deviation NOUN crl-25578 58 26 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 58 27 1 1 NUM crl-25578 58 28 flow flow NOUN crl-25578 58 29 diagram diagram NOUN crl-25578 58 30 of of ADP crl-25578 58 31 the the DET crl-25578 58 32 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 58 33 - - PUNCT crl-25578 58 34 analytic analytic ADJ crl-25578 58 35 review review NOUN crl-25578 58 36 process process NOUN crl-25578 58 37 742 742 NUM crl-25578 58 38 college college PROPN crl-25578 58 39 & & CCONJ crl-25578 58 40 research research PROPN crl-25578 58 41 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 58 42 september september PROPN crl-25578 58 43 2022 2022 NUM crl-25578 58 44 for for SCONJ crl-25578 58 45 the the DET crl-25578 58 46 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 58 47 to to PART crl-25578 58 48 calculate calculate VERB crl-25578 58 49 an an DET crl-25578 58 50 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 58 51 size size NOUN crl-25578 58 52 estimate estimate NOUN crl-25578 58 53 . . PUNCT crl-25578 59 1 articles article NOUN crl-25578 59 2 that that PRON crl-25578 59 3 did do AUX crl-25578 59 4 not not PART crl-25578 59 5 include include VERB crl-25578 59 6 the the DET crl-25578 59 7 size size NOUN crl-25578 59 8 of of ADP crl-25578 59 9 the the DET crl-25578 59 10 population population NOUN crl-25578 59 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 59 12 n n PROPN crl-25578 59 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 59 14 were be AUX crl-25578 59 15 not not PART crl-25578 59 16 included include VERB crl-25578 59 17 . . PUNCT crl-25578 60 1 two two NUM crl-25578 60 2 other other ADJ crl-25578 60 3 articles article NOUN crl-25578 60 4 were be AUX crl-25578 60 5 identified identify VERB crl-25578 60 6 by by ADP crl-25578 60 7 citation citation NOUN crl-25578 60 8 mining mining NOUN crl-25578 60 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 61 1 after after ADP crl-25578 61 2 identifying identify VERB crl-25578 61 3 the the DET crl-25578 61 4 11 11 NUM crl-25578 61 5 articles article NOUN crl-25578 61 6 for for ADP crl-25578 61 7 the the DET crl-25578 61 8 present present ADJ crl-25578 61 9 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 61 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 61 11 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 61 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 61 13 the the DET crl-25578 61 14 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 61 15 entered enter VERB crl-25578 61 16 data data NOUN crl-25578 61 17 extraction extraction NOUN crl-25578 61 18 elements element NOUN crl-25578 61 19 in in ADP crl-25578 61 20 an an DET crl-25578 61 21 excel excel ADJ crl-25578 61 22 spreadsheet spreadsheet NOUN crl-25578 61 23 . . PUNCT crl-25578 62 1 some some DET crl-25578 62 2 articles article NOUN crl-25578 62 3 reported report VERB crl-25578 62 4 more more ADJ crl-25578 62 5 than than ADP crl-25578 62 6 one one NUM crl-25578 62 7 study study NOUN crl-25578 62 8 or or CCONJ crl-25578 62 9 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 62 10 that that PRON crl-25578 62 11 could could AUX crl-25578 62 12 be be AUX crl-25578 62 13 used use VERB crl-25578 62 14 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 62 15 such such ADJ crl-25578 62 16 as as ADP crl-25578 62 17 m.e m.e PROPN crl-25578 62 18 . . PROPN crl-25578 62 19 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 62 20 et et PROPN crl-25578 62 21 al al PROPN crl-25578 62 22 . . PROPN crl-25578 62 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 62 24 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 62 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 62 26 . . PUNCT crl-25578 63 1 elements element NOUN crl-25578 63 2 included include VERB crl-25578 63 3 were be AUX crl-25578 63 4 independent independent ADJ crl-25578 63 5 variable variable ADJ crl-25578 63 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 7 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 63 8 variable variable ADJ crl-25578 63 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 10 study study NOUN crl-25578 63 11 size size NOUN crl-25578 63 12 n n PROPN crl-25578 63 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 14 degrees degree NOUN crl-25578 63 15 of of ADP crl-25578 63 16 freedom freedom NOUN crl-25578 63 17 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 18 one one NUM crl-25578 63 19 - - PUNCT crl-25578 63 20 tailed tail VERB crl-25578 63 21 t t NOUN crl-25578 63 22 - - PUNCT crl-25578 63 23 value value NOUN crl-25578 63 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 25 p p NOUN crl-25578 63 26 - - PUNCT crl-25578 63 27 value value NOUN crl-25578 63 28 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 29 and and CCONJ crl-25578 63 30 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 63 31 size size NOUN crl-25578 63 32 r. r. PROPN crl-25578 63 33 for for ADP crl-25578 63 34 articles article NOUN crl-25578 63 35 that that PRON crl-25578 63 36 reported report VERB crl-25578 63 37 t t NOUN crl-25578 63 38 - - PUNCT crl-25578 63 39 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25578 63 40 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 41 the the DET crl-25578 63 42 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 63 43 size size NOUN crl-25578 63 44 r r NOUN crl-25578 63 45 was be AUX crl-25578 63 46 calculated calculate VERB crl-25578 63 47 using use VERB crl-25578 63 48 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 63 49 ’s ’s PART crl-25578 63 50 equation equation NOUN crl-25578 63 51 : : PUNCT crl-25578 63 52 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 63 53 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 63 54 , , PUNCT crl-25578 63 55 1965 1965 NUM crl-25578 63 56 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 63 57 . . PUNCT crl-25578 64 1 only only ADV crl-25578 64 2 two two NUM crl-25578 64 3 articles article NOUN crl-25578 64 4 in in ADP crl-25578 64 5 the the DET crl-25578 64 6 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 64 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 64 8 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 64 9 reported report VERB crl-25578 64 10 chi chi PROPN crl-25578 64 11 - - PUNCT crl-25578 64 12 squared square VERB crl-25578 64 13 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25578 64 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 64 15 and and CCONJ crl-25578 64 16 the the DET crl-25578 64 17 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 64 18 size size NOUN crl-25578 64 19 was be AUX crl-25578 64 20 calculated calculate VERB crl-25578 64 21 using use VERB crl-25578 64 22 : : PUNCT crl-25578 64 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 64 24 rosenthal rosenthal PROPN crl-25578 64 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 64 26 1991 1991 NUM crl-25578 64 27 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 64 28 . . PUNCT crl-25578 65 1 the the DET crl-25578 65 2 articles article NOUN crl-25578 65 3 were be AUX crl-25578 65 4 also also ADV crl-25578 65 5 coded code VERB crl-25578 65 6 to to PART crl-25578 65 7 represent represent VERB crl-25578 65 8 population population NOUN crl-25578 65 9 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25578 65 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 65 11 in in ADP crl-25578 65 12 other other ADJ crl-25578 65 13 words word NOUN crl-25578 65 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 65 15 major major ADJ crl-25578 65 16 or or CCONJ crl-25578 65 17 general general ADJ crl-25578 65 18 education education NOUN crl-25578 65 19 , , PUNCT crl-25578 65 20 class class NOUN crl-25578 65 21 standing standing NOUN crl-25578 65 22 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 65 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 65 24 institution institution NOUN crl-25578 65 25 type type NOUN crl-25578 65 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 65 27 length length NOUN crl-25578 65 28 of of ADP crl-25578 65 29 the the DET crl-25578 65 30 one one NUM crl-25578 65 31 - - PUNCT crl-25578 65 32 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 65 33 session session NOUN crl-25578 65 34 , , PUNCT crl-25578 65 35 and and CCONJ crl-25578 65 36 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 65 37 design design NOUN crl-25578 65 38 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 65 39 that that ADV crl-25578 65 40 is is ADV crl-25578 65 41 , , PUNCT crl-25578 65 42 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 65 43 assessments assessment NOUN crl-25578 65 44 versus versus ADP crl-25578 65 45 preand preand NOUN crl-25578 65 46 post post ADJ crl-25578 65 47 - - ADJ crl-25578 65 48 testing testing ADJ crl-25578 65 49 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 65 50 to to PART crl-25578 65 51 conduct conduct VERB crl-25578 65 52 moderator moderator NOUN crl-25578 65 53 analyses analysis NOUN crl-25578 65 54 . . PUNCT crl-25578 66 1 please please INTJ crl-25578 66 2 see see VERB crl-25578 66 3 appendix appendix PROPN crl-25578 66 4 for for ADP crl-25578 66 5 the the DET crl-25578 66 6 codebook codebook NOUN crl-25578 66 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 67 1 the the DET crl-25578 67 2 total total ADJ crl-25578 67 3 n n NOUN crl-25578 67 4 of of ADP crl-25578 67 5 these these DET crl-25578 67 6 studies study NOUN crl-25578 67 7 is be AUX crl-25578 67 8 1,572 1,572 NUM crl-25578 67 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 68 1 from from ADP crl-25578 68 2 11 11 NUM crl-25578 68 3 identified identify VERB crl-25578 68 4 studies study NOUN crl-25578 68 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 68 6 16 16 NUM crl-25578 68 7 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 68 8 sizes size NOUN crl-25578 68 9 were be AUX crl-25578 68 10 able able ADJ crl-25578 68 11 to to PART crl-25578 68 12 be be AUX crl-25578 68 13 calculated calculate VERB crl-25578 68 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 69 1 fisher fisher PROPN crl-25578 69 2 ’s ’s PROPN crl-25578 69 3 transformation transformation NOUN crl-25578 69 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 69 5 zr zr PROPN crl-25578 69 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 69 7 was be AUX crl-25578 69 8 also also ADV crl-25578 69 9 calculated calculate VERB crl-25578 69 10 by by ADP crl-25578 69 11 the the DET crl-25578 69 12 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 69 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 70 1 a a DET crl-25578 70 2 summary summary NOUN crl-25578 70 3 table table NOUN crl-25578 70 4 is be AUX crl-25578 70 5 available available ADJ crl-25578 70 6 in in ADP crl-25578 70 7 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 70 8 2 2 NUM crl-25578 70 9 . . X crl-25578 70 10 figure figure VERB crl-25578 70 11 2 2 NUM crl-25578 70 12 summary summary NOUN crl-25578 70 13 table table NOUN crl-25578 70 14 of of ADP crl-25578 70 15 articles article NOUN crl-25578 70 16 included include VERB crl-25578 70 17 in in ADP crl-25578 70 18 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 70 19 - - PUNCT crl-25578 70 20 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 70 21 article article NOUN crl-25578 70 22 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 70 23 variable variable ADJ crl-25578 70 24 n n PROPN crl-25578 70 25 df df PROPN crl-25578 70 26 t t PROPN crl-25578 70 27 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 70 28 size size NOUN crl-25578 70 29 r r X crl-25578 70 30 z z X crl-25578 70 31 r r NOUN crl-25578 70 32 m.e m.e PROPN crl-25578 70 33 . . PROPN crl-25578 70 34 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 70 35 et et PROPN crl-25578 71 1 al al PROPN crl-25578 71 2 . . PROPN crl-25578 72 1 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 72 2 score score NOUN crl-25578 72 3 on on ADP crl-25578 72 4 information information NOUN crl-25578 72 5 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 72 6 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 72 7 il il PROPN crl-25578 72 8 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 72 9 content content NOUN crl-25578 72 10 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 72 11 64 64 NUM crl-25578 72 12 67 67 NUM crl-25578 72 13 – – SYM crl-25578 72 14 6.94 6.94 NUM crl-25578 72 15 0.646698 0.646698 NUM crl-25578 72 16 0.7696 0.7696 NUM crl-25578 72 17 m.e m.e PROPN crl-25578 72 18 . . PROPN crl-25578 72 19 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 72 20 et et PROPN crl-25578 73 1 al al PROPN crl-25578 73 2 . . PROPN crl-25578 73 3 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 73 4 score score NOUN crl-25578 73 5 on on ADP crl-25578 73 6 il il PROPN crl-25578 73 7 content content NOUN crl-25578 73 8 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 73 9 24 24 NUM crl-25578 73 10 23 23 NUM crl-25578 73 11 – – SYM crl-25578 73 12 1.51 1.51 NUM crl-25578 73 13 0.30032 0.30032 NUM crl-25578 73 14 0.3099 0.3099 NUM crl-25578 73 15 howard howard NOUN crl-25578 73 16 et et PROPN crl-25578 73 17 al al PROPN crl-25578 73 18 . . PROPN crl-25578 73 19 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 73 20 number number NOUN crl-25578 73 21 of of ADP crl-25578 73 22 sources source NOUN crl-25578 73 23 used use VERB crl-25578 73 24 207 207 NUM crl-25578 73 25 205 205 NUM crl-25578 73 26 0.94 0.94 NUM crl-25578 73 27 0.06551 0.06551 NUM crl-25578 73 28 0.0656 0.0656 NUM crl-25578 73 29 howard howard PROPN crl-25578 73 30 et et PROPN crl-25578 73 31 al al PROPN crl-25578 73 32 . . PROPN crl-25578 73 33 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 73 34 simpson simpson PROPN crl-25578 73 35 diversity diversity NOUN crl-25578 73 36 index index NOUN crl-25578 73 37 199 199 NUM crl-25578 73 38 197 197 NUM crl-25578 73 39 1.2 1.2 NUM crl-25578 73 40 0.08519 0.08519 NUM crl-25578 73 41 0.0854 0.0854 NUM crl-25578 73 42 howard howard NOUN crl-25578 73 43 et et PROPN crl-25578 73 44 al al PROPN crl-25578 73 45 . . PROPN crl-25578 73 46 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 73 47 usage usage NOUN crl-25578 73 48 of of ADP crl-25578 73 49 library library NOUN crl-25578 73 50 sources source NOUN crl-25578 73 51 207 207 NUM crl-25578 73 52 205 205 NUM crl-25578 73 53 3.48 3.48 NUM crl-25578 73 54 0.2362 0.2362 NUM crl-25578 73 55 0.2407 0.2407 NUM crl-25578 73 56 hurst hurst NOUN crl-25578 73 57 and and CCONJ crl-25578 73 58 leonard leonard VERB crl-25578 73 59 2007 2007 NUM crl-25578 73 60 number number NOUN crl-25578 73 61 of of ADP crl-25578 73 62 source source NOUN crl-25578 73 63 types type NOUN crl-25578 73 64 used use VERB crl-25578 73 65 184 184 NUM crl-25578 73 66 182 182 NUM crl-25578 73 67 – – SYM crl-25578 73 68 5.35 5.35 NUM crl-25578 73 69 0.3686 0.3686 NUM crl-25578 73 70 0.3868 0.3868 NUM crl-25578 73 71 lantzy lantzy ADJ crl-25578 73 72 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 73 73 score score NOUN crl-25578 73 74 on on ADP crl-25578 73 75 il il PROPN crl-25578 73 76 content content NOUN crl-25578 73 77 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 73 78 31 31 NUM crl-25578 73 79 31 31 NUM crl-25578 73 80 9.46 9.46 NUM crl-25578 73 81 0.8618 0.8618 NUM crl-25578 73 82 1.3003 1.3003 NUM crl-25578 73 83 lantzy lantzy ADJ crl-25578 73 84 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 73 85 score score NOUN crl-25578 73 86 on on ADP crl-25578 73 87 il il PROPN crl-25578 73 88 content content NOUN crl-25578 73 89 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 73 90 26 26 NUM crl-25578 73 91 24 24 NUM crl-25578 73 92 4.69 4.69 NUM crl-25578 73 93 0.6915 0.6915 NUM crl-25578 73 94 0.8509 0.8509 NUM crl-25578 73 95 martin martin PROPN crl-25578 73 96 2008 2008 NUM crl-25578 73 97 type type NOUN crl-25578 73 98 of of ADP crl-25578 73 99 information information NOUN crl-25578 73 100 resource resource NOUN crl-25578 73 101 used use VERB crl-25578 73 102 200 200 NUM crl-25578 73 103 1 1 NUM crl-25578 73 104 n n NOUN crl-25578 73 105 / / SYM crl-25578 73 106 a a DET crl-25578 73 107 (= (= PUNCT crl-25578 73 108 1.612 1.612 NUM crl-25578 73 109 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 73 110 0.0898 0.0898 NUM crl-25578 73 111 0.0900 0.0900 NUM crl-25578 73 112 mery mery NOUN crl-25578 73 113 , , PUNCT crl-25578 73 114 newby newby NOUN crl-25578 73 115 , , PUNCT crl-25578 73 116 and and CCONJ crl-25578 73 117 peng peng PROPN crl-25578 73 118 2012 2012 NUM crl-25578 73 119 score score NOUN crl-25578 73 120 on on ADP crl-25578 73 121 il il PROPN crl-25578 73 122 content content NOUN crl-25578 73 123 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 73 124 32 32 NUM crl-25578 73 125 62 62 NUM crl-25578 73 126 2.6465 2.6465 NUM crl-25578 73 127 0.3186 0.3186 NUM crl-25578 73 128 0.3301 0.3301 NUM crl-25578 73 129 is be AUX crl-25578 73 130 the the DET crl-25578 73 131 library library NOUN crl-25578 73 132 one one NUM crl-25578 73 133 - - PUNCT crl-25578 73 134 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 73 135 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 73 136 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 74 1 743 743 NUM crl-25578 74 2 all all DET crl-25578 74 3 data datum NOUN crl-25578 74 4 were be AUX crl-25578 74 5 analyzed analyze VERB crl-25578 74 6 using use VERB crl-25578 74 7 jamovi jamovi PROPN crl-25578 74 8 1.6 1.6 NUM crl-25578 74 9 and and CCONJ crl-25578 74 10 the the DET crl-25578 74 11 major major ADJ crl-25578 74 12 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 74 13 - - PUNCT crl-25578 74 14 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 74 15 package package NOUN crl-25578 74 16 for for ADP crl-25578 74 17 jamovi jamovi NOUN crl-25578 74 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 75 1 results result NOUN crl-25578 75 2 of of ADP crl-25578 75 3 the the DET crl-25578 75 4 11 11 NUM crl-25578 75 5 papers paper NOUN crl-25578 75 6 under under ADP crl-25578 75 7 examination examination NOUN crl-25578 75 8 in in ADP crl-25578 75 9 this this DET crl-25578 75 10 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 75 11 - - PUNCT crl-25578 75 12 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 75 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 75 14 five five NUM crl-25578 75 15 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 75 16 paired pair VERB crl-25578 75 17 sample sample NOUN crl-25578 75 18 ttests ttest NOUN crl-25578 75 19 , , PUNCT crl-25578 75 20 four four NUM crl-25578 75 21 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 75 22 independent independent ADJ crl-25578 75 23 - - PUNCT crl-25578 75 24 samples sample NOUN crl-25578 75 25 t t NOUN crl-25578 75 26 - - PUNCT crl-25578 75 27 tests test NOUN crl-25578 75 28 , , PUNCT crl-25578 75 29 and and CCONJ crl-25578 75 30 two two NUM crl-25578 75 31 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 75 32 a a DET crl-25578 75 33 chi chi ADJ crl-25578 75 34 - - PUNCT crl-25578 75 35 squared square VERB crl-25578 75 36 test test NOUN crl-25578 75 37 for for ADP crl-25578 75 38 their their PRON crl-25578 75 39 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 75 40 analyses analysis NOUN crl-25578 75 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 76 1 when when SCONJ crl-25578 76 2 researchers researcher NOUN crl-25578 76 3 did do AUX crl-25578 76 4 not not PART crl-25578 76 5 report report VERB crl-25578 76 6 the the DET crl-25578 76 7 type type NOUN crl-25578 76 8 of of ADP crl-25578 76 9 t t NOUN crl-25578 76 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 76 11 test test NOUN crl-25578 76 12 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 76 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 76 14 unless unless SCONJ crl-25578 76 15 it it PRON crl-25578 76 16 was be AUX crl-25578 76 17 explicitly explicitly ADV crl-25578 76 18 stated state VERB crl-25578 76 19 that that SCONJ crl-25578 76 20 individual individual ADJ crl-25578 76 21 scores score NOUN crl-25578 76 22 were be AUX crl-25578 76 23 paired pair VERB crl-25578 76 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 76 25 the the DET crl-25578 76 26 present present ADJ crl-25578 76 27 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 76 28 assumed assume VERB crl-25578 76 29 an an DET crl-25578 76 30 independent independent ADJ crl-25578 76 31 samples sample NOUN crl-25578 76 32 t t NOUN crl-25578 76 33 - - PUNCT crl-25578 76 34 test test NOUN crl-25578 76 35 . . PUNCT crl-25578 77 1 only only ADV crl-25578 77 2 one one NUM crl-25578 77 3 study study NOUN crl-25578 77 4 was be AUX crl-25578 77 5 truly truly ADV crl-25578 77 6 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 77 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 77 8 taking take VERB crl-25578 77 9 a a DET crl-25578 77 10 sample sample NOUN crl-25578 77 11 from from ADP crl-25578 77 12 a a DET crl-25578 77 13 population population NOUN crl-25578 77 14 and and CCONJ crl-25578 77 15 dividing divide VERB crl-25578 77 16 it it PRON crl-25578 77 17 into into ADP crl-25578 77 18 treatment treatment NOUN crl-25578 77 19 and and CCONJ crl-25578 77 20 control control NOUN crl-25578 77 21 groups group NOUN crl-25578 77 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 77 23 that that ADV crl-25578 77 24 is is ADV crl-25578 77 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 77 26 howard howard PROPN crl-25578 77 27 et et PROPN crl-25578 77 28 al al PROPN crl-25578 77 29 . . PROPN crl-25578 77 30 , , PUNCT crl-25578 77 31 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 77 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 77 33 . . PUNCT crl-25578 78 1 the the DET crl-25578 78 2 majority majority NOUN crl-25578 78 3 of of ADP crl-25578 78 4 the the DET crl-25578 78 5 studies study NOUN crl-25578 78 6 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 78 7 n n ADP crl-25578 78 8 = = X crl-25578 78 9 8) 8) NOUN crl-25578 78 10 in in ADP crl-25578 78 11 the the DET crl-25578 78 12 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 78 13 were be AUX crl-25578 78 14 quasi quasi ADJ crl-25578 78 15 - - ADJ crl-25578 78 16 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 78 17 , , PUNCT crl-25578 78 18 and and CCONJ crl-25578 78 19 used use VERB crl-25578 78 20 a a DET crl-25578 78 21 pre pre ADJ crl-25578 78 22 - - ADJ crl-25578 78 23 test test ADJ crl-25578 78 24 / / SYM crl-25578 78 25 post post ADJ crl-25578 78 26 - - ADJ crl-25578 78 27 test test ADJ crl-25578 78 28 design design NOUN crl-25578 78 29 . . PUNCT crl-25578 79 1 most most ADJ crl-25578 79 2 study study NOUN crl-25578 79 3 populations population NOUN crl-25578 79 4 included include VERB crl-25578 79 5 convenience convenience NOUN crl-25578 79 6 samples sample NOUN crl-25578 79 7 to to ADP crl-25578 79 8 some some DET crl-25578 79 9 degree degree NOUN crl-25578 79 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 79 11 which which PRON crl-25578 79 12 may may AUX crl-25578 79 13 impact impact VERB crl-25578 79 14 the the DET crl-25578 79 15 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 79 16 of of ADP crl-25578 79 17 the the DET crl-25578 79 18 studies study NOUN crl-25578 79 19 . . PUNCT crl-25578 80 1 for for ADP crl-25578 80 2 example example NOUN crl-25578 80 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 80 4 we we PRON crl-25578 80 5 could could AUX crl-25578 80 6 imagine imagine VERB crl-25578 80 7 that that SCONJ crl-25578 80 8 instructors instructor NOUN crl-25578 80 9 who who PRON crl-25578 80 10 opt opt VERB crl-25578 80 11 their their PRON crl-25578 80 12 courses course NOUN crl-25578 80 13 into into ADP crl-25578 80 14 a a DET crl-25578 80 15 study study NOUN crl-25578 80 16 on on ADP crl-25578 80 17 educational educational ADJ crl-25578 80 18 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-25578 80 19 may may AUX crl-25578 80 20 care care VERB crl-25578 80 21 more more ADV crl-25578 80 22 about about ADP crl-25578 80 23 teaching teaching NOUN crl-25578 80 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 80 25 and and CCONJ crl-25578 80 26 thus thus ADV crl-25578 80 27 be be AUX crl-25578 80 28 better well ADJ crl-25578 80 29 teachers teacher NOUN crl-25578 80 30 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 80 31 or or CCONJ crl-25578 80 32 that that SCONJ crl-25578 80 33 students student NOUN crl-25578 80 34 who who PRON crl-25578 80 35 agree agree VERB crl-25578 80 36 to to PART crl-25578 80 37 take take VERB crl-25578 80 38 an an DET crl-25578 80 39 optional optional ADJ crl-25578 80 40 class class NOUN crl-25578 80 41 and and CCONJ crl-25578 80 42 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 80 43 may may AUX crl-25578 80 44 care care VERB crl-25578 80 45 more more ADV crl-25578 80 46 about about ADP crl-25578 80 47 learning learn VERB crl-25578 80 48 . . PUNCT crl-25578 81 1 all all DET crl-25578 81 2 11 11 NUM crl-25578 81 3 of of ADP crl-25578 81 4 the the DET crl-25578 81 5 studies study NOUN crl-25578 81 6 in in ADP crl-25578 81 7 this this DET crl-25578 81 8 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 81 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 81 10 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 81 11 yielded yield VERB crl-25578 81 12 p p NOUN crl-25578 81 13 - - PUNCT crl-25578 81 14 values value NOUN crl-25578 81 15 in in ADP crl-25578 81 16 the the DET crl-25578 81 17 expected expect VERB crl-25578 81 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 81 19 positive positive ADJ crl-25578 81 20 direction direction NOUN crl-25578 81 21 , , PUNCT crl-25578 81 22 indicating indicate VERB crl-25578 81 23 that that SCONJ crl-25578 81 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 81 25 at at ADP crl-25578 81 26 the the DET crl-25578 81 27 least least ADJ crl-25578 81 28 , , PUNCT crl-25578 81 29 one one NUM crl-25578 81 30 - - PUNCT crl-25578 81 31 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 81 32 library library NOUN crl-25578 81 33 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 81 34 does do AUX crl-25578 81 35 not not PART crl-25578 81 36 seem seem VERB crl-25578 81 37 to to PART crl-25578 81 38 damage damage VERB crl-25578 81 39 student student NOUN crl-25578 81 40 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 81 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 82 1 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN crl-25578 82 2 testing testing NOUN crl-25578 82 3 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 82 4 that that SCONJ crl-25578 82 5 the the DET crl-25578 82 6 students student NOUN crl-25578 82 7 are be AUX crl-25578 82 8 significantly significantly ADV crl-25578 82 9 heterogeneous heterogeneous ADJ crl-25578 82 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 82 11 τ τ NOUN crl-25578 82 12 = = SYM crl-25578 82 13 0.326 0.326 NUM crl-25578 82 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 82 15 p p NOUN crl-25578 82 16 < < X crl-25578 82 17 .001 .001 NUM crl-25578 82 18 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 82 19 . . PUNCT crl-25578 83 1 this this PRON crl-25578 83 2 means mean VERB crl-25578 83 3 that that SCONJ crl-25578 83 4 there there PRON crl-25578 83 5 is be VERB crl-25578 83 6 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 83 7 variation variation NOUN crl-25578 83 8 in in ADP crl-25578 83 9 the the DET crl-25578 83 10 results result NOUN crl-25578 83 11 of of ADP crl-25578 83 12 the the DET crl-25578 83 13 various various ADJ crl-25578 83 14 studies study NOUN crl-25578 83 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 83 16 which which PRON crl-25578 83 17 is be AUX crl-25578 83 18 expected expect VERB crl-25578 83 19 due due ADP crl-25578 83 20 to to ADP crl-25578 83 21 the the DET crl-25578 83 22 wide wide ADJ crl-25578 83 23 variety variety NOUN crl-25578 83 24 of of ADP crl-25578 83 25 methods method NOUN crl-25578 83 26 and and CCONJ crl-25578 83 27 outcome outcome VERB crl-25578 83 28 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 83 29 in in ADP crl-25578 83 30 these these DET crl-25578 83 31 studies study NOUN crl-25578 83 32 . . PUNCT crl-25578 84 1 in in ADP crl-25578 84 2 a a DET crl-25578 84 3 fixed fix VERB crl-25578 84 4 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 84 5 model model NOUN crl-25578 84 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 84 7 the the DET crl-25578 84 8 overall overall ADJ crl-25578 84 9 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 84 10 size size NOUN crl-25578 84 11 r r NOUN crl-25578 84 12 is be AUX crl-25578 84 13 0.268 0.268 NUM crl-25578 84 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 85 1 in in ADP crl-25578 85 2 a a DET crl-25578 85 3 random random ADJ crl-25578 85 4 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 85 5 model model NOUN crl-25578 85 6 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 85 7 k k PROPN crl-25578 85 8 = = PROPN crl-25578 85 9 16 16 NUM crl-25578 85 10 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 85 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 85 12 z z NOUN crl-25578 85 13 = = PROPN crl-25578 85 14 4.53 4.53 NUM crl-25578 85 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 85 16 p p NOUN crl-25578 85 17 < < X crl-25578 85 18 .001 .001 NUM crl-25578 85 19 , , PUNCT crl-25578 85 20 95 95 NUM crl-25578 85 21 % % NOUN crl-25578 85 22 ci ci NOUN crl-25578 85 23 : : PUNCT crl-25578 85 24 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 85 25 .229 .229 NUM crl-25578 85 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 85 27 .577).2 .577).2 PUNCT crl-25578 86 1 converting convert VERB crl-25578 86 2 fisher fisher PROPN crl-25578 86 3 ’s ’s PRON crl-25578 86 4 z z NOUN crl-25578 86 5 back back ADV crl-25578 86 6 to to ADP crl-25578 86 7 r r NOUN crl-25578 86 8 for for ADP crl-25578 86 9 ease ease NOUN crl-25578 86 10 of of ADP crl-25578 86 11 interpretation interpretation NOUN crl-25578 86 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 86 13 r r NOUN crl-25578 86 14 = = X crl-25578 86 15 .383 .383 NUM crl-25578 86 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 87 1 as as SCONJ crl-25578 87 2 can can AUX crl-25578 87 3 be be AUX crl-25578 87 4 seen see VERB crl-25578 87 5 in in ADP crl-25578 87 6 the the DET crl-25578 87 7 forest forest NOUN crl-25578 87 8 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 87 9 in in ADP crl-25578 87 10 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 87 11 3 3 NUM crl-25578 87 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 87 13 half half NOUN crl-25578 87 14 of of ADP crl-25578 87 15 the the DET crl-25578 87 16 studies study NOUN crl-25578 87 17 ’ ’ PART crl-25578 87 18 95 95 NUM crl-25578 87 19 % % NOUN crl-25578 87 20 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 87 21 interval interval NOUN crl-25578 87 22 includes include VERB crl-25578 87 23 0 0 NUM crl-25578 87 24 . . PUNCT crl-25578 88 1 when when SCONJ crl-25578 88 2 a a DET crl-25578 88 3 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 88 4 interval interval NOUN crl-25578 88 5 includes include VERB crl-25578 88 6 zero zero NUM crl-25578 88 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 88 8 that that PRON crl-25578 88 9 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 88 10 that that SCONJ crl-25578 88 11 there there PRON crl-25578 88 12 is be VERB crl-25578 88 13 a a DET crl-25578 88 14 chance chance NOUN crl-25578 88 15 that that SCONJ crl-25578 88 16 there there PRON crl-25578 88 17 is be VERB crl-25578 88 18 no no DET crl-25578 88 19 treatment treatment NOUN crl-25578 88 20 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 88 21 and and CCONJ crl-25578 88 22 , , PUNCT crl-25578 88 23 in in ADP crl-25578 88 24 this this DET crl-25578 88 25 case case NOUN crl-25578 88 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 88 27 that that SCONJ crl-25578 88 28 the the DET crl-25578 88 29 one one NUM crl-25578 88 30 - - PUNCT crl-25578 88 31 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 88 32 makes make VERB crl-25578 88 33 no no DET crl-25578 88 34 difference difference NOUN crl-25578 88 35 . . PUNCT crl-25578 89 1 examining examine VERB crl-25578 89 2 the the DET crl-25578 89 3 moderator moderator NOUN crl-25578 89 4 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 89 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 89 6 there there PRON crl-25578 89 7 does do AUX crl-25578 89 8 not not PART crl-25578 89 9 appear appear VERB crl-25578 89 10 to to PART crl-25578 89 11 be be AUX crl-25578 89 12 a a DET crl-25578 89 13 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 89 14 characteristic characteristic NOUN crl-25578 89 15 that that PRON crl-25578 89 16 unifies unify VERB crl-25578 89 17 the the DET crl-25578 89 18 studies study NOUN crl-25578 89 19 that that PRON crl-25578 89 20 have have VERB crl-25578 89 21 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 89 22 intervals interval NOUN crl-25578 89 23 that that PRON crl-25578 89 24 do do AUX crl-25578 89 25 not not PART crl-25578 89 26 include include VERB crl-25578 89 27 zero zero NUM crl-25578 89 28 — — PUNCT crl-25578 89 29 they they PRON crl-25578 89 30 all all PRON crl-25578 89 31 share share VERB crl-25578 89 32 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25578 89 33 with with ADP crl-25578 89 34 other other ADJ crl-25578 89 35 studies study NOUN crl-25578 89 36 that that PRON crl-25578 89 37 do do AUX crl-25578 89 38 include include VERB crl-25578 89 39 zero zero NUM crl-25578 89 40 . . PUNCT crl-25578 90 1 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 90 2 2 2 NUM crl-25578 90 3 summary summary NOUN crl-25578 90 4 table table NOUN crl-25578 90 5 of of ADP crl-25578 90 6 articles article NOUN crl-25578 90 7 included include VERB crl-25578 90 8 in in ADP crl-25578 90 9 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 90 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 90 11 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 90 12 article article NOUN crl-25578 90 13 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 90 14 variable variable ADJ crl-25578 90 15 n n PROPN crl-25578 90 16 df df PROPN crl-25578 90 17 t t PROPN crl-25578 90 18 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 90 19 size size NOUN crl-25578 90 20 r r X crl-25578 90 21 z z X crl-25578 90 22 r r NOUN crl-25578 90 23 portmann portmann NOUN crl-25578 90 24 and and CCONJ crl-25578 90 25 roush roush NOUN crl-25578 90 26 2004 2004 NUM crl-25578 90 27 score score NOUN crl-25578 90 28 on on ADP crl-25578 90 29 il il PROPN crl-25578 90 30 content content NOUN crl-25578 90 31 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 90 32 about about ADP crl-25578 90 33 source source NOUN crl-25578 90 34 usage usage NOUN crl-25578 90 35 38 38 NUM crl-25578 90 36 37 37 NUM crl-25578 90 37 – – SYM crl-25578 90 38 0.055 0.055 NUM crl-25578 90 39 0.0090 0.0090 NUM crl-25578 90 40 0.0090 0.0090 NUM crl-25578 90 41 spievak spievak NOUN crl-25578 90 42 and and CCONJ crl-25578 90 43 hayesbohanan hayesbohanan PROPN crl-25578 90 44 2013 2013 NUM crl-25578 90 45 selection selection NOUN crl-25578 90 46 of of ADP crl-25578 90 47 a a DET crl-25578 90 48 reliable reliable ADJ crl-25578 90 49 source source NOUN crl-25578 90 50 119 119 NUM crl-25578 90 51 1 1 NUM crl-25578 90 52 n n PROPN crl-25578 90 53 / / SYM crl-25578 90 54 a a DET crl-25578 90 55 (= (= PUNCT crl-25578 90 56 3.85 3.85 NUM crl-25578 90 57 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 90 58 0.1508 0.1508 NUM crl-25578 90 59 0.1519 0.1519 NUM crl-25578 90 60 tewell tewell NOUN crl-25578 90 61 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 90 62 score score NOUN crl-25578 90 63 on on ADP crl-25578 90 64 il il PROPN crl-25578 90 65 content content NOUN crl-25578 90 66 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 90 67 90 90 NUM crl-25578 90 68 89 89 NUM crl-25578 90 69 1.536 1.536 NUM crl-25578 90 70 0.1607 0.1607 NUM crl-25578 90 71 0.1621 0.1621 NUM crl-25578 90 72 walker walker NOUN crl-25578 90 73 and and CCONJ crl-25578 90 74 pearce pearce PROPN crl-25578 90 75 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 90 76 score score NOUN crl-25578 90 77 on on ADP crl-25578 90 78 il il PROPN crl-25578 90 79 content content NOUN crl-25578 90 80 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 90 81 69 69 NUM crl-25578 90 82 68 68 NUM crl-25578 90 83 – – SYM crl-25578 90 84 6.134 6.134 NUM crl-25578 90 85 0.5968 0.5968 NUM crl-25578 90 86 0.6882 0.6882 NUM crl-25578 90 87 walker walker NOUN crl-25578 90 88 and and CCONJ crl-25578 90 89 pearce pearce PROPN crl-25578 90 90 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 90 91 score score NOUN crl-25578 90 92 on on ADP crl-25578 90 93 il il PROPN crl-25578 90 94 content content NOUN crl-25578 90 95 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 90 96 69 69 NUM crl-25578 90 97 68 68 NUM crl-25578 90 98 – – SYM crl-25578 90 99 6.754 6.754 NUM crl-25578 90 100 0.6336 0.6336 NUM crl-25578 90 101 0.7475 0.7475 NUM crl-25578 90 102 wilhite wilhite NOUN crl-25578 90 103 2004 2004 NUM crl-25578 90 104 score score NOUN crl-25578 90 105 on on ADP crl-25578 90 106 il il PROPN crl-25578 90 107 content content NOUN crl-25578 90 108 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 90 109 13 13 NUM crl-25578 90 110 12 12 NUM crl-25578 90 111 – – SYM crl-25578 90 112 2.3 2.3 NUM crl-25578 90 113 0.5531 0.5531 NUM crl-25578 90 114 0.6229 0.6229 NUM crl-25578 90 115 744 744 NUM crl-25578 90 116 college college NOUN crl-25578 90 117 & & CCONJ crl-25578 90 118 research research PROPN crl-25578 90 119 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 90 120 september september PROPN crl-25578 90 121 2022 2022 NUM crl-25578 90 122 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 90 123 3 3 NUM crl-25578 90 124 forest forest NOUN crl-25578 90 125 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 90 126 for for ADP crl-25578 90 127 the the DET crl-25578 90 128 random random ADJ crl-25578 90 129 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 90 130 model model NOUN crl-25578 90 131 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 90 132 4 4 NUM crl-25578 90 133 funnel funnel NOUN crl-25578 90 134 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 90 135 is be AUX crl-25578 90 136 the the DET crl-25578 90 137 library library NOUN crl-25578 90 138 one one NUM crl-25578 90 139 - - PUNCT crl-25578 90 140 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 90 141 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 90 142 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 91 1 745 745 NUM crl-25578 91 2 one one NUM crl-25578 91 3 study study NOUN crl-25578 91 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 91 5 lantzy lantzy NOUN crl-25578 91 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 91 7 2016.1 2016.1 NUM crl-25578 91 8 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 91 9 may may AUX crl-25578 91 10 be be AUX crl-25578 91 11 overly overly ADV crl-25578 91 12 influential influential ADJ crl-25578 91 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 91 14 as as SCONJ crl-25578 91 15 can can AUX crl-25578 91 16 be be AUX crl-25578 91 17 seen see VERB crl-25578 91 18 in in ADP crl-25578 91 19 the the DET crl-25578 91 20 funnel funnel NOUN crl-25578 91 21 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 91 22 in in ADP crl-25578 91 23 figure figure NOUN crl-25578 91 24 4 4 NUM crl-25578 91 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 92 1 that that DET crl-25578 92 2 single single ADJ crl-25578 92 3 study study NOUN crl-25578 92 4 creates create VERB crl-25578 92 5 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN crl-25578 92 6 in in ADP crl-25578 92 7 the the DET crl-25578 92 8 funnel funnel NOUN crl-25578 92 9 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 92 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 93 1 a a DET crl-25578 93 2 symmetrical symmetrical ADJ crl-25578 93 3 funnel funnel NOUN crl-25578 93 4 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 93 5 would would AUX crl-25578 93 6 indicate indicate VERB crl-25578 93 7 that that DET crl-25578 93 8 precision precision NOUN crl-25578 93 9 of of ADP crl-25578 93 10 the the DET crl-25578 93 11 studies study NOUN crl-25578 93 12 increases increase VERB crl-25578 93 13 as as SCONJ crl-25578 93 14 sample sample NOUN crl-25578 93 15 sizes size NOUN crl-25578 93 16 get get VERB crl-25578 93 17 larger large ADJ crl-25578 93 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 94 1 this this DET crl-25578 94 2 funnel funnel NOUN crl-25578 94 3 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 94 4 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 94 5 that that SCONJ crl-25578 94 6 the the DET crl-25578 94 7 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 94 8 may may AUX crl-25578 94 9 be be AUX crl-25578 94 10 missing miss VERB crl-25578 94 11 smaller small ADJ crl-25578 94 12 studies study NOUN crl-25578 94 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 95 1 it it PRON crl-25578 95 2 is be AUX crl-25578 95 3 likely likely ADJ crl-25578 95 4 that that SCONJ crl-25578 95 5 the the DET crl-25578 95 6 asymmetry asymmetry NOUN crl-25578 95 7 in in ADP crl-25578 95 8 this this DET crl-25578 95 9 funnel funnel NOUN crl-25578 95 10 plot plot NOUN crl-25578 95 11 is be AUX crl-25578 95 12 due due ADJ crl-25578 95 13 to to ADP crl-25578 95 14 the the DET crl-25578 95 15 strong strong ADJ crl-25578 95 16 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN crl-25578 95 17 of of ADP crl-25578 95 18 the the DET crl-25578 95 19 studies study NOUN crl-25578 95 20 under under ADP crl-25578 95 21 review review NOUN crl-25578 95 22 . . PUNCT crl-25578 96 1 moderator moderator NOUN crl-25578 96 2 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 96 3 of of ADP crl-25578 96 4 interest interest NOUN crl-25578 96 5 were be AUX crl-25578 96 6 also also ADV crl-25578 96 7 considered consider VERB crl-25578 96 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 97 1 institution institution NOUN crl-25578 97 2 type type NOUN crl-25578 97 3 does do AUX crl-25578 97 4 appear appear VERB crl-25578 97 5 to to PART crl-25578 97 6 have have VERB crl-25578 97 7 an an DET crl-25578 97 8 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 97 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 97 10 p p NOUN crl-25578 97 11 = = NOUN crl-25578 97 12 .007 .007 NUM crl-25578 97 13 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 97 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 97 15 with with ADP crl-25578 97 16 midsize midsize ADJ crl-25578 97 17 public public ADJ crl-25578 97 18 institutions institution NOUN crl-25578 97 19 demonstrating demonstrate VERB crl-25578 97 20 the the DET crl-25578 97 21 largest large ADJ crl-25578 97 22 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 97 23 sizes size NOUN crl-25578 97 24 . . PUNCT crl-25578 98 1 the the DET crl-25578 98 2 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 98 3 also also ADV crl-25578 98 4 investigated investigate VERB crl-25578 98 5 if if SCONJ crl-25578 98 6 the the DET crl-25578 98 7 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 98 8 measured measure VERB crl-25578 98 9 is be AUX crl-25578 98 10 a a DET crl-25578 98 11 meaningful meaningful ADJ crl-25578 98 12 moderator moderator NOUN crl-25578 98 13 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 98 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 99 1 does do AUX crl-25578 99 2 looking look VERB crl-25578 99 3 at at ADP crl-25578 99 4 a a DET crl-25578 99 5 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 99 6 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 99 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 99 8 such such ADJ crl-25578 99 9 as as ADP crl-25578 99 10 the the DET crl-25578 99 11 number number NOUN crl-25578 99 12 of of ADP crl-25578 99 13 web web NOUN crl-25578 99 14 sources source NOUN crl-25578 99 15 cited cite VERB crl-25578 99 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 99 17 have have VERB crl-25578 99 18 a a DET crl-25578 99 19 different different ADJ crl-25578 99 20 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 99 21 size size NOUN crl-25578 99 22 than than ADP crl-25578 99 23 a a DET crl-25578 99 24 more more ADV crl-25578 99 25 diffuse diffuse NOUN crl-25578 99 26 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 99 27 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 99 28 for for ADP crl-25578 99 29 instance instance NOUN crl-25578 99 30 , , PUNCT crl-25578 99 31 change change NOUN crl-25578 99 32 in in ADP crl-25578 99 33 information information NOUN crl-25578 99 34 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 99 35 score score NOUN crl-25578 99 36 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 99 37 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 100 1 comparing compare VERB crl-25578 100 2 howard howard PROPN crl-25578 100 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 100 4 nicholas nicholas PROPN crl-25578 100 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 100 6 hayes hayes PROPN crl-25578 100 7 & & CCONJ crl-25578 100 8 appelt appelt PROPN crl-25578 100 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 100 10 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 100 11 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 100 12 with with ADP crl-25578 100 13 walker walker NOUN crl-25578 100 14 & & CCONJ crl-25578 100 15 pearce pearce PROPN crl-25578 100 16 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 100 17 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 100 18 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 100 19 and and CCONJ crl-25578 100 20 portmann portmann PROPN crl-25578 100 21 & & CCONJ crl-25578 100 22 roush roush PROPN crl-25578 100 23 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 100 24 2004 2004 NUM crl-25578 100 25 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 100 26 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 100 27 that that SCONJ crl-25578 100 28 the the DET crl-25578 100 29 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 100 30 size size NOUN crl-25578 100 31 is be AUX crl-25578 100 32 significantly significantly ADV crl-25578 100 33 different different ADJ crl-25578 100 34 at at ADP crl-25578 100 35 the the DET crl-25578 100 36 p p NOUN crl-25578 100 37 < < X crl-25578 100 38 .05 .05 NUM crl-25578 100 39 level level NOUN crl-25578 100 40 for for ADP crl-25578 100 41 these these DET crl-25578 100 42 two two NUM crl-25578 100 43 groups group NOUN crl-25578 100 44 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 100 45 t1 t1 NOUN crl-25578 100 46 = = PROPN crl-25578 100 47 17.0 17.0 NUM crl-25578 100 48 , , PUNCT crl-25578 100 49 p p NOUN crl-25578 100 50 = = NOUN crl-25578 100 51 .04 .04 PROPN crl-25578 100 52 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 100 53 . . PUNCT crl-25578 101 1 the the DET crl-25578 101 2 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 101 3 showed show VERB crl-25578 101 4 that that SCONJ crl-25578 101 5 change change NOUN crl-25578 101 6 in in ADP crl-25578 101 7 information information NOUN crl-25578 101 8 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 101 9 score score NOUN crl-25578 101 10 on on ADP crl-25578 101 11 a a DET crl-25578 101 12 standardized standardized ADJ crl-25578 101 13 test test NOUN crl-25578 101 14 was be AUX crl-25578 101 15 more more ADV crl-25578 101 16 apt apt ADJ crl-25578 101 17 to to PART crl-25578 101 18 be be AUX crl-25578 101 19 changed change VERB crl-25578 101 20 than than ADP crl-25578 101 21 the the DET crl-25578 101 22 number number NOUN crl-25578 101 23 of of ADP crl-25578 101 24 web web NOUN crl-25578 101 25 sources source NOUN crl-25578 101 26 cited cite VERB crl-25578 101 27 . . PUNCT crl-25578 102 1 for for ADP crl-25578 102 2 the the DET crl-25578 102 3 practitioner practitioner NOUN crl-25578 102 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 102 5 this this PRON crl-25578 102 6 may may AUX crl-25578 102 7 indicate indicate VERB crl-25578 102 8 that that SCONJ crl-25578 102 9 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 102 10 of of ADP crl-25578 102 11 learning learn VERB crl-25578 102 12 that that PRON crl-25578 102 13 require require VERB crl-25578 102 14 students student NOUN crl-25578 102 15 to to PART crl-25578 102 16 apply apply VERB crl-25578 102 17 their their PRON crl-25578 102 18 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-25578 102 19 in in ADP crl-25578 102 20 new new ADJ crl-25578 102 21 contexts context NOUN crl-25578 102 22 may may AUX crl-25578 102 23 be be AUX crl-25578 102 24 more more ADV crl-25578 102 25 difficult difficult ADJ crl-25578 102 26 to to PART crl-25578 102 27 attain attain VERB crl-25578 102 28 than than ADP crl-25578 102 29 answering answer VERB crl-25578 102 30 test test NOUN crl-25578 102 31 questions question NOUN crl-25578 102 32 specifically specifically ADV crl-25578 102 33 aimed aim VERB crl-25578 102 34 at at ADP crl-25578 102 35 information information NOUN crl-25578 102 36 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 102 37 concepts concept NOUN crl-25578 102 38 taught teach VERB crl-25578 102 39 in in ADP crl-25578 102 40 the the DET crl-25578 102 41 class class NOUN crl-25578 102 42 . . PUNCT crl-25578 103 1 finally finally ADV crl-25578 103 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 103 3 a a DET crl-25578 103 4 publication publication NOUN crl-25578 103 5 bias bias NOUN crl-25578 103 6 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 103 7 was be AUX crl-25578 103 8 performed perform VERB crl-25578 103 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 104 1 publication publication NOUN crl-25578 104 2 bias bias PROPN crl-25578 104 3 examines examine VERB crl-25578 104 4 whether whether SCONJ crl-25578 104 5 studies study NOUN crl-25578 104 6 that that PRON crl-25578 104 7 have have VERB crl-25578 104 8 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 104 9 results result NOUN crl-25578 104 10 are be AUX crl-25578 104 11 more more ADV crl-25578 104 12 likely likely ADJ crl-25578 104 13 to to PART crl-25578 104 14 be be AUX crl-25578 104 15 published publish VERB crl-25578 104 16 than than ADP crl-25578 104 17 those those PRON crl-25578 104 18 that that PRON crl-25578 104 19 show show VERB crl-25578 104 20 null null ADJ crl-25578 104 21 results result NOUN crl-25578 104 22 . . PUNCT crl-25578 105 1 as as SCONJ crl-25578 105 2 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25578 105 3 is be AUX crl-25578 105 4 a a DET crl-25578 105 5 heavily heavily ADV crl-25578 105 6 practitioner practitioner NOUN crl-25578 105 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 105 8 focused focus VERB crl-25578 105 9 field field NOUN crl-25578 105 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 105 11 there there PRON crl-25578 105 12 may may AUX crl-25578 105 13 be be AUX crl-25578 105 14 several several ADJ crl-25578 105 15 factors factor NOUN crl-25578 105 16 at at ADP crl-25578 105 17 play play NOUN crl-25578 105 18 here here ADV crl-25578 105 19 : : PUNCT crl-25578 105 20 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 105 21 may may AUX crl-25578 105 22 be be AUX crl-25578 105 23 more more ADV crl-25578 105 24 likely likely ADJ crl-25578 105 25 to to PART crl-25578 105 26 contribute contribute VERB crl-25578 105 27 to to ADP crl-25578 105 28 the the DET crl-25578 105 29 gray gray ADJ crl-25578 105 30 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 105 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 105 32 though though SCONJ crl-25578 105 33 a a DET crl-25578 105 34 review review NOUN crl-25578 105 35 of of ADP crl-25578 105 36 the the DET crl-25578 105 37 recent recent ADJ crl-25578 105 38 proceedings proceeding NOUN crl-25578 105 39 of of ADP crl-25578 105 40 the the DET crl-25578 105 41 loex loex NOUN crl-25578 105 42 conference conference NOUN crl-25578 105 43 yielded yield VERB crl-25578 105 44 no no DET crl-25578 105 45 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 105 46 candidates candidate NOUN crl-25578 105 47 for for ADP crl-25578 105 48 inclusion inclusion NOUN crl-25578 105 49 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 105 50 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 105 51 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 105 52 may may AUX crl-25578 105 53 not not PART crl-25578 105 54 be be AUX crl-25578 105 55 incentivized incentivize VERB crl-25578 105 56 to to PART crl-25578 105 57 publish publish VERB crl-25578 105 58 when when SCONJ crl-25578 105 59 their their PRON crl-25578 105 60 methods method NOUN crl-25578 105 61 do do AUX crl-25578 105 62 produce produce VERB crl-25578 105 63 a a DET crl-25578 105 64 statistically statistically ADV crl-25578 105 65 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 105 66 result result NOUN crl-25578 105 67 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 105 68 or or CCONJ crl-25578 105 69 there there PRON crl-25578 105 70 is be VERB crl-25578 105 71 not not PART crl-25578 105 72 an an DET crl-25578 105 73 incentive incentive NOUN crl-25578 105 74 for for SCONJ crl-25578 105 75 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 105 76 to to PART crl-25578 105 77 conduct conduct VERB crl-25578 105 78 robust robust ADJ crl-25578 105 79 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 105 80 of of ADP crl-25578 105 81 one one NUM crl-25578 105 82 - - PUNCT crl-25578 105 83 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 105 84 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 105 85 sessions session NOUN crl-25578 105 86 . . PUNCT crl-25578 106 1 the the DET crl-25578 106 2 begg begg NOUN crl-25578 106 3 and and CCONJ crl-25578 106 4 mazumdar mazumdar NOUN crl-25578 106 5 rank rank NOUN crl-25578 106 6 correlation correlation NOUN crl-25578 106 7 was be AUX crl-25578 106 8 rejected reject VERB crl-25578 106 9 as as ADP crl-25578 106 10 an an DET crl-25578 106 11 approach approach NOUN crl-25578 106 12 due due ADP crl-25578 106 13 to to ADP crl-25578 106 14 the the DET crl-25578 106 15 limited limited ADJ crl-25578 106 16 number number NOUN crl-25578 106 17 of of ADP crl-25578 106 18 studies study NOUN crl-25578 106 19 available available ADJ crl-25578 106 20 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 106 21 begg begg PROPN crl-25578 106 22 & & CCONJ crl-25578 106 23 mazumdar mazumdar NOUN crl-25578 106 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 106 25 1994 1994 NUM crl-25578 106 26 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 106 27 . . PUNCT crl-25578 107 1 however however ADV crl-25578 107 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 107 3 the the DET crl-25578 107 4 rosenthal rosenthal ADJ crl-25578 107 5 method method NOUN crl-25578 107 6 for for ADP crl-25578 107 7 fail fail ADJ crl-25578 107 8 safe safe ADJ crl-25578 107 9 n n NOUN crl-25578 107 10 finds find VERB crl-25578 107 11 that that SCONJ crl-25578 107 12 approximately approximately ADV crl-25578 107 13 874 874 NUM crl-25578 107 14 nullresult nullresult NOUN crl-25578 107 15 studies study NOUN crl-25578 107 16 would would AUX crl-25578 107 17 be be AUX crl-25578 107 18 required require VERB crl-25578 107 19 to to PART crl-25578 107 20 have have VERB crl-25578 107 21 a a DET crl-25578 107 22 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 107 23 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 107 24 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 107 25 rosenthal rosenthal ADJ crl-25578 107 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 107 27 1979 1979 NUM crl-25578 107 28 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 107 29 , , PUNCT crl-25578 107 30 meaning mean VERB crl-25578 107 31 that that SCONJ crl-25578 107 32 a a DET crl-25578 107 33 relatively relatively ADV crl-25578 107 34 large large ADJ crl-25578 107 35 number number NOUN crl-25578 107 36 of of ADP crl-25578 107 37 studies study NOUN crl-25578 107 38 would would AUX crl-25578 107 39 have have VERB crl-25578 107 40 to to PART crl-25578 107 41 have have AUX crl-25578 107 42 not not PART crl-25578 107 43 been be AUX crl-25578 107 44 included include VERB crl-25578 107 45 to to PART crl-25578 107 46 drive drive VERB crl-25578 107 47 the the DET crl-25578 107 48 overall overall ADJ crl-25578 107 49 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 107 50 size size NOUN crl-25578 107 51 to to ADP crl-25578 107 52 zero zero NUM crl-25578 107 53 . . PUNCT crl-25578 108 1 discussion discussion NOUN crl-25578 108 2 while while SCONJ crl-25578 108 3 it it PRON crl-25578 108 4 is be AUX crl-25578 108 5 not not PART crl-25578 108 6 possible possible ADJ crl-25578 108 7 to to PART crl-25578 108 8 draw draw VERB crl-25578 108 9 causal causal ADJ crl-25578 108 10 inferences inference NOUN crl-25578 108 11 from from ADP crl-25578 108 12 the the DET crl-25578 108 13 studies study NOUN crl-25578 108 14 included include VERB crl-25578 108 15 in in ADP crl-25578 108 16 the the DET crl-25578 108 17 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 108 18 - - PUNCT crl-25578 108 19 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 108 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 108 21 as as SCONJ crl-25578 108 22 most most ADJ crl-25578 108 23 of of ADP crl-25578 108 24 the the DET crl-25578 108 25 studies study NOUN crl-25578 108 26 were be AUX crl-25578 108 27 quasi quasi ADJ crl-25578 108 28 - - ADJ crl-25578 108 29 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 108 30 in in ADP crl-25578 108 31 design design NOUN crl-25578 108 32 , , PUNCT crl-25578 108 33 large large ADJ crl-25578 108 34 amounts amount NOUN crl-25578 108 35 of of ADP crl-25578 108 36 evidence evidence NOUN crl-25578 108 37 could could AUX crl-25578 108 38 begin begin VERB crl-25578 108 39 to to PART crl-25578 108 40 make make VERB crl-25578 108 41 a a DET crl-25578 108 42 case case NOUN crl-25578 108 43 for for ADP crl-25578 108 44 causality causality NOUN crl-25578 108 45 . . PUNCT crl-25578 109 1 since since SCONJ crl-25578 109 2 only only ADV crl-25578 109 3 11 11 NUM crl-25578 109 4 studies study NOUN crl-25578 109 5 were be AUX crl-25578 109 6 considered consider VERB crl-25578 109 7 in in ADP crl-25578 109 8 this this DET crl-25578 109 9 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 109 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 109 11 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 109 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 109 13 the the DET crl-25578 109 14 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 109 15 hesitates hesitate VERB crl-25578 109 16 to to PART crl-25578 109 17 draw draw VERB crl-25578 109 18 any any DET crl-25578 109 19 kind kind NOUN crl-25578 109 20 of of ADP crl-25578 109 21 causal causal ADJ crl-25578 109 22 conclusion conclusion NOUN crl-25578 109 23 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 109 24 the the DET crl-25578 109 25 wide wide ADJ crl-25578 109 26 range range NOUN crl-25578 109 27 of of ADP crl-25578 109 28 the the DET crl-25578 109 29 95 95 NUM crl-25578 109 30 % % NOUN crl-25578 109 31 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 109 32 interval interval NOUN crl-25578 109 33 could could AUX crl-25578 109 34 also also ADV crl-25578 109 35 be be AUX crl-25578 109 36 narrowed narrow VERB crl-25578 109 37 by by ADP crl-25578 109 38 the the DET crl-25578 109 39 inclusion inclusion NOUN crl-25578 109 40 of of ADP crl-25578 109 41 more more ADJ crl-25578 109 42 studies study NOUN crl-25578 109 43 . . PUNCT crl-25578 110 1 the the DET crl-25578 110 2 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN crl-25578 110 3 of of ADP crl-25578 110 4 the the DET crl-25578 110 5 methods method NOUN crl-25578 110 6 is be AUX crl-25578 110 7 a a DET crl-25578 110 8 benefit benefit NOUN crl-25578 110 9 of of ADP crl-25578 110 10 the the DET crl-25578 110 11 studies study NOUN crl-25578 110 12 meta meta ADV crl-25578 110 13 - - PUNCT crl-25578 110 14 analyzed analyze VERB crl-25578 110 15 in in ADP crl-25578 110 16 this this DET crl-25578 110 17 article article NOUN crl-25578 110 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 110 19 as as SCONJ crl-25578 110 20 it it PRON crl-25578 110 21 allows allow VERB crl-25578 110 22 us we PRON crl-25578 110 23 to to PART crl-25578 110 24 feel feel VERB crl-25578 110 25 more more ADV crl-25578 110 26 confident confident ADJ crl-25578 110 27 in in ADP crl-25578 110 28 generalizing generalize VERB crl-25578 110 29 the the DET crl-25578 110 30 findings finding NOUN crl-25578 110 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 110 32 rosenthal rosenthal PROPN crl-25578 110 33 , , PUNCT crl-25578 110 34 1991 1991 NUM crl-25578 110 35 , , PUNCT crl-25578 110 36 129 129 NUM crl-25578 110 37 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 110 38 . . PUNCT crl-25578 111 1 the the DET crl-25578 111 2 overall overall ADJ crl-25578 111 3 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 111 4 size size NOUN crl-25578 111 5 of of ADP crl-25578 111 6 the the DET crl-25578 111 7 one one NUM crl-25578 111 8 - - PUNCT crl-25578 111 9 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 111 10 intervention intervention NOUN crl-25578 111 11 on on ADP crl-25578 111 12 measures measure NOUN crl-25578 111 13 of of ADP crl-25578 111 14 learning learn VERB crl-25578 111 15 in in ADP crl-25578 111 16 these these DET crl-25578 111 17 11 11 NUM crl-25578 111 18 studies study NOUN crl-25578 111 19 is be AUX crl-25578 111 20 approximately approximately ADV crl-25578 111 21 .383 .383 NUM crl-25578 111 22 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 111 23 this this PRON crl-25578 111 24 varies vary VERB crl-25578 111 25 depending depend VERB crl-25578 111 26 on on ADP crl-25578 111 27 fixed fixed ADJ crl-25578 111 28 or or CCONJ crl-25578 111 29 random random ADJ crl-25578 111 30 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 111 31 models model NOUN crl-25578 111 32 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 111 33 . . PUNCT crl-25578 112 1 according accord VERB crl-25578 112 2 to to ADP crl-25578 112 3 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 112 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 112 5 1977 1977 NUM crl-25578 112 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 112 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 112 8 this this PRON crl-25578 112 9 is be AUX crl-25578 112 10 a a DET crl-25578 112 11 medium medium ADJ crl-25578 112 12 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 112 13 size size NOUN crl-25578 112 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 112 15 meaning mean VERB crl-25578 112 16 that that SCONJ crl-25578 112 17 it it PRON crl-25578 112 18 is be AUX crl-25578 112 19 likely likely ADJ crl-25578 112 20 to to PART crl-25578 112 21 be be AUX crl-25578 112 22 noticeable noticeable ADJ crl-25578 112 23 . . PUNCT crl-25578 113 1 the the DET crl-25578 113 2 95 95 NUM crl-25578 113 3 % % NOUN crl-25578 113 4 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 113 5 interval interval NOUN crl-25578 113 6 goes go VERB crl-25578 113 7 as as ADV crl-25578 113 8 low low ADJ crl-25578 113 9 as as ADP crl-25578 113 10 .226 .226 NUM crl-25578 113 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 113 12 meaning mean VERB crl-25578 113 13 that that SCONJ crl-25578 113 14 it it PRON crl-25578 113 15 is be AUX crl-25578 113 16 possible possible ADJ crl-25578 113 17 that that SCONJ crl-25578 113 18 the the DET crl-25578 113 19 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 113 20 size size NOUN crl-25578 113 21 may may AUX crl-25578 113 22 be be AUX crl-25578 113 23 much much ADV crl-25578 113 24 smaller small ADJ crl-25578 113 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 114 1 empirically empirically ADV crl-25578 114 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 114 3 this this DET crl-25578 114 4 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 114 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 114 6 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 114 7 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 114 8 that that SCONJ crl-25578 114 9 there there PRON crl-25578 114 10 is be VERB crl-25578 114 11 some some DET crl-25578 114 12 positive positive ADJ crl-25578 114 13 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 114 14 of of ADP crl-25578 114 15 the the DET crl-25578 114 16 one one NUM crl-25578 114 17 - - PUNCT crl-25578 114 18 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 114 19 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 114 20 session session NOUN crl-25578 114 21 . . PUNCT crl-25578 115 1 that that PRON crl-25578 115 2 being be AUX crl-25578 115 3 said say VERB crl-25578 115 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 115 5 it it PRON crl-25578 115 6 is be AUX crl-25578 115 7 important important ADJ crl-25578 115 8 to to PART crl-25578 115 9 note note VERB crl-25578 115 10 that that SCONJ crl-25578 115 11 in in ADP crl-25578 115 12 every every DET crl-25578 115 13 746 746 NUM crl-25578 115 14 college college NOUN crl-25578 115 15 & & CCONJ crl-25578 115 16 research research PROPN crl-25578 115 17 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 115 18 september september PROPN crl-25578 115 19 2022 2022 NUM crl-25578 115 20 study study NOUN crl-25578 115 21 but but CCONJ crl-25578 115 22 one one NUM crl-25578 115 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 115 24 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 115 25 were be AUX crl-25578 115 26 measured measure VERB crl-25578 115 27 directly directly ADV crl-25578 115 28 after after ADP crl-25578 115 29 the the DET crl-25578 115 30 library library NOUN crl-25578 115 31 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 115 32 session session NOUN crl-25578 115 33 . . PUNCT crl-25578 116 1 the the DET crl-25578 116 2 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 116 3 reviewed review VERB crl-25578 116 4 for for ADP crl-25578 116 5 this this DET crl-25578 116 6 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 116 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 116 8 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 116 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 116 10 then then ADV crl-25578 116 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 116 12 can can AUX crl-25578 116 13 not not PART crl-25578 116 14 comment comment VERB crl-25578 116 15 on on ADP crl-25578 116 16 how how SCONJ crl-25578 116 17 efficacious efficacious ADJ crl-25578 116 18 one one NUM crl-25578 116 19 - - PUNCT crl-25578 116 20 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 116 21 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 116 22 might might AUX crl-25578 116 23 be be AUX crl-25578 116 24 over over ADP crl-25578 116 25 time time NOUN crl-25578 116 26 . . PUNCT crl-25578 117 1 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 117 2 investigation investigation NOUN crl-25578 117 3 and and CCONJ crl-25578 117 4 more more ADV crl-25578 117 5 robust robust ADJ crl-25578 117 6 studies study NOUN crl-25578 117 7 are be AUX crl-25578 117 8 needed need VERB crl-25578 117 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 118 1 it it PRON crl-25578 118 2 should should AUX crl-25578 118 3 also also ADV crl-25578 118 4 be be AUX crl-25578 118 5 noted note VERB crl-25578 118 6 that that SCONJ crl-25578 118 7 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 118 8 sizes size NOUN crl-25578 118 9 were be AUX crl-25578 118 10 universally universally ADV crl-25578 118 11 small small ADJ crl-25578 118 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 118 13 r r NOUN crl-25578 118 14 < < X crl-25578 118 15 .2 .2 NUM crl-25578 118 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 118 17 in in ADP crl-25578 118 18 studies study NOUN crl-25578 118 19 where where SCONJ crl-25578 118 20 an an DET crl-25578 118 21 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 118 22 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 118 23 was be AUX crl-25578 118 24 employed employ VERB crl-25578 118 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 119 1 this this PRON crl-25578 119 2 is be AUX crl-25578 119 3 an an DET crl-25578 119 4 important important ADJ crl-25578 119 5 feature feature NOUN crl-25578 119 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 119 7 as as SCONJ crl-25578 119 8 it it PRON crl-25578 119 9 may may AUX crl-25578 119 10 indicate indicate VERB crl-25578 119 11 that that SCONJ crl-25578 119 12 one one NUM crl-25578 119 13 - - PUNCT crl-25578 119 14 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 119 15 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 119 16 has have VERB crl-25578 119 17 limited limit VERB crl-25578 119 18 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-25578 119 19 in in ADP crl-25578 119 20 actual actual ADJ crl-25578 119 21 skill skill NOUN crl-25578 119 22 - - PUNCT crl-25578 119 23 building building NOUN crl-25578 119 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 119 25 as as SCONJ crl-25578 119 26 opposed oppose VERB crl-25578 119 27 to to ADP crl-25578 119 28 being be AUX crl-25578 119 29 able able ADJ crl-25578 119 30 to to PART crl-25578 119 31 answer answer VERB crl-25578 119 32 factual factual ADJ crl-25578 119 33 questions question NOUN crl-25578 119 34 on on ADP crl-25578 119 35 a a DET crl-25578 119 36 quiz quiz NOUN crl-25578 119 37 . . PUNCT crl-25578 120 1 for for ADP crl-25578 120 2 interest interest NOUN crl-25578 120 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 120 4 the the DET crl-25578 120 5 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 120 6 performed perform VERB crl-25578 120 7 meta meta ADJ crl-25578 120 8 - - PUNCT crl-25578 120 9 analytic analytic NOUN crl-25578 120 10 processes process NOUN crl-25578 120 11 on on ADP crl-25578 120 12 two two NUM crl-25578 120 13 smaller small ADJ crl-25578 120 14 data datum NOUN crl-25578 120 15 sets set NOUN crl-25578 120 16 : : PUNCT crl-25578 120 17 one one NUM crl-25578 120 18 consisting consist VERB crl-25578 120 19 of of ADP crl-25578 120 20 the the DET crl-25578 120 21 articles article NOUN crl-25578 120 22 that that PRON crl-25578 120 23 employed employ VERB crl-25578 120 24 information information NOUN crl-25578 120 25 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 120 26 - - PUNCT crl-25578 120 27 related relate VERB crl-25578 120 28 tests test NOUN crl-25578 120 29 , , PUNCT crl-25578 120 30 and and CCONJ crl-25578 120 31 the the DET crl-25578 120 32 other other ADJ crl-25578 120 33 of of ADP crl-25578 120 34 the the DET crl-25578 120 35 articles article NOUN crl-25578 120 36 that that PRON crl-25578 120 37 used use VERB crl-25578 120 38 an an DET crl-25578 120 39 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 120 40 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 120 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 121 1 for for ADP crl-25578 121 2 the the DET crl-25578 121 3 studies study NOUN crl-25578 121 4 that that PRON crl-25578 121 5 employed employ VERB crl-25578 121 6 tests test NOUN crl-25578 121 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 121 8 a a DET crl-25578 121 9 random random ADJ crl-25578 121 10 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 121 11 model model NOUN crl-25578 121 12 yielded yield VERB crl-25578 121 13 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 121 14 k k PROPN crl-25578 121 15 = = SYM crl-25578 121 16 10 10 NUM crl-25578 121 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 121 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 121 19 z z NOUN crl-25578 121 20 = = NOUN crl-25578 121 21 4.71 4.71 NUM crl-25578 121 22 , , PUNCT crl-25578 121 23 p p NOUN crl-25578 121 24 < < X crl-25578 121 25 .001 .001 NUM crl-25578 121 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 121 27 95 95 NUM crl-25578 121 28 % % NOUN crl-25578 121 29 ci ci NOUN crl-25578 121 30 : : PUNCT crl-25578 121 31 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 121 32 .335 .335 NUM crl-25578 121 33 , , PUNCT crl-25578 121 34 .814 .814 NUM crl-25578 121 35 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 121 36 . . PUNCT crl-25578 122 1 for for ADP crl-25578 122 2 studies study NOUN crl-25578 122 3 that that PRON crl-25578 122 4 employed employ VERB crl-25578 122 5 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 122 6 assessments assessment NOUN crl-25578 122 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 122 8 such such ADJ crl-25578 122 9 as as ADP crl-25578 122 10 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 122 11 of of ADP crl-25578 122 12 source source NOUN crl-25578 122 13 selection selection NOUN crl-25578 122 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 122 15 a a DET crl-25578 122 16 random random ADJ crl-25578 122 17 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 122 18 model model NOUN crl-25578 122 19 yielded yield VERB crl-25578 122 20 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 122 21 k k PROPN crl-25578 122 22 = = SYM crl-25578 122 23 6 6 NUM crl-25578 122 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 122 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 122 26 z z NOUN crl-25578 122 27 = = NOUN crl-25578 122 28 3.29 3.29 NUM crl-25578 122 29 , , PUNCT crl-25578 122 30 p p NOUN crl-25578 122 31 < < X crl-25578 122 32 .001 .001 NUM crl-25578 122 33 , , PUNCT crl-25578 122 34 95 95 NUM crl-25578 122 35 % % NOUN crl-25578 122 36 ci ci NOUN crl-25578 122 37 : : PUNCT crl-25578 122 38 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 122 39 .069 .069 NUM crl-25578 122 40 , , PUNCT crl-25578 122 41 .271 .271 NUM crl-25578 122 42 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 122 43 . . PUNCT crl-25578 123 1 this this PRON crl-25578 123 2 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 123 3 that that SCONJ crl-25578 123 4 one one NUM crl-25578 123 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 123 6 shots shot NOUN crl-25578 123 7 that that PRON crl-25578 123 8 are be AUX crl-25578 123 9 targeted target VERB crl-25578 123 10 at at ADP crl-25578 123 11 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 123 12 skills skill NOUN crl-25578 123 13 to to PART crl-25578 123 14 be be AUX crl-25578 123 15 measured measure VERB crl-25578 123 16 on on ADP crl-25578 123 17 a a DET crl-25578 123 18 test test NOUN crl-25578 123 19 are be AUX crl-25578 123 20 more more ADV crl-25578 123 21 likely likely ADJ crl-25578 123 22 to to PART crl-25578 123 23 have have VERB crl-25578 123 24 an an DET crl-25578 123 25 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 123 26 than than ADP crl-25578 123 27 those those PRON crl-25578 123 28 that that PRON crl-25578 123 29 ask ask VERB crl-25578 123 30 students student NOUN crl-25578 123 31 to to PART crl-25578 123 32 perform perform VERB crl-25578 123 33 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 123 34 tasks task NOUN crl-25578 123 35 . . PUNCT crl-25578 124 1 as as SCONJ crl-25578 124 2 most most ADJ crl-25578 124 3 research research NOUN crl-25578 124 4 requires require VERB crl-25578 124 5 students student NOUN crl-25578 124 6 to to PART crl-25578 124 7 perform perform VERB crl-25578 124 8 novel novel ADJ crl-25578 124 9 searches search NOUN crl-25578 124 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 124 11 evaluation evaluation NOUN crl-25578 124 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 124 13 and and CCONJ crl-25578 124 14 synthesis synthesis NOUN crl-25578 124 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 124 16 it it PRON crl-25578 124 17 should should AUX crl-25578 124 18 be be AUX crl-25578 124 19 considered consider VERB crl-25578 124 20 if if SCONJ crl-25578 124 21 the the DET crl-25578 124 22 one one NUM crl-25578 124 23 - - PUNCT crl-25578 124 24 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 124 25 adequately adequately ADV crl-25578 124 26 builds build VERB crl-25578 124 27 those those DET crl-25578 124 28 skills skill NOUN crl-25578 124 29 . . PUNCT crl-25578 125 1 this this DET crl-25578 125 2 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 125 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 125 4 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 125 5 does do AUX crl-25578 125 6 not not PART crl-25578 125 7 review review VERB crl-25578 125 8 the the DET crl-25578 125 9 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 125 10 of of ADP crl-25578 125 11 other other ADJ crl-25578 125 12 instructional instructional ADJ crl-25578 125 13 models model NOUN crl-25578 125 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 125 15 such such ADJ crl-25578 125 16 as as ADP crl-25578 125 17 embedding embed VERB crl-25578 125 18 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 125 19 in in ADP crl-25578 125 20 courses course NOUN crl-25578 125 21 , , PUNCT crl-25578 125 22 developing develop VERB crl-25578 125 23 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ crl-25578 125 24 online online NOUN crl-25578 125 25 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 125 26 modules module NOUN crl-25578 125 27 , , PUNCT crl-25578 125 28 or or CCONJ crl-25578 125 29 scaffolding scaffold VERB crl-25578 125 30 information information NOUN crl-25578 125 31 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 125 32 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 125 33 over over ADP crl-25578 125 34 an an DET crl-25578 125 35 entire entire ADJ crl-25578 125 36 course course NOUN crl-25578 125 37 in in ADP crl-25578 125 38 collaboration collaboration NOUN crl-25578 125 39 with with ADP crl-25578 125 40 faculty faculty NOUN crl-25578 125 41 instructors instructor NOUN crl-25578 125 42 . . PUNCT crl-25578 126 1 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 126 2 - - PUNCT crl-25578 126 3 analyses analysis NOUN crl-25578 126 4 of of ADP crl-25578 126 5 these these DET crl-25578 126 6 literatures literature NOUN crl-25578 126 7 would would AUX crl-25578 126 8 also also ADV crl-25578 126 9 be be AUX crl-25578 126 10 warranted warrant VERB crl-25578 126 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 126 12 and and CCONJ crl-25578 126 13 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 126 14 sizes size NOUN crl-25578 126 15 compared compare VERB crl-25578 126 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 127 1 in in ADP crl-25578 127 2 the the DET crl-25578 127 3 present present ADJ crl-25578 127 4 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 127 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 127 6 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 127 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 127 8 two two NUM crl-25578 127 9 moderator moderator NOUN crl-25578 127 10 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 127 11 were be AUX crl-25578 127 12 investigated investigate VERB crl-25578 127 13 : : PUNCT crl-25578 127 14 the the DET crl-25578 127 15 type type NOUN crl-25578 127 16 of of ADP crl-25578 127 17 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 127 18 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 127 19 measured measure VERB crl-25578 127 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 127 21 and and CCONJ crl-25578 127 22 the the DET crl-25578 127 23 type type NOUN crl-25578 127 24 of of ADP crl-25578 127 25 institution institution NOUN crl-25578 127 26 where where SCONJ crl-25578 127 27 the the DET crl-25578 127 28 study study NOUN crl-25578 127 29 was be AUX crl-25578 127 30 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 127 31 . . PUNCT crl-25578 128 1 both both DET crl-25578 128 2 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 128 3 were be AUX crl-25578 128 4 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 128 5 . . PUNCT crl-25578 129 1 there there PRON crl-25578 129 2 was be VERB crl-25578 129 3 a a DET crl-25578 129 4 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 129 5 difference difference NOUN crl-25578 129 6 between between ADP crl-25578 129 7 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 129 8 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 129 9 examined examine VERB crl-25578 129 10 and and CCONJ crl-25578 129 11 more more ADJ crl-25578 129 12 general general ADJ crl-25578 129 13 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 129 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 129 15 which which PRON crl-25578 129 16 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 129 17 that that SCONJ crl-25578 129 18 the the DET crl-25578 129 19 field field NOUN crl-25578 129 20 may may AUX crl-25578 129 21 benefit benefit VERB crl-25578 129 22 from from ADP crl-25578 129 23 clearly clearly ADV crl-25578 129 24 defining define VERB crl-25578 129 25 desired desire VERB crl-25578 129 26 learning learn VERB crl-25578 129 27 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 129 28 for for ADP crl-25578 129 29 one one NUM crl-25578 129 30 - - PUNCT crl-25578 129 31 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 129 32 library library NOUN crl-25578 129 33 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 129 34 , , PUNCT crl-25578 129 35 and and CCONJ crl-25578 129 36 measuring measure VERB crl-25578 129 37 them they PRON crl-25578 129 38 across across ADP crl-25578 129 39 multiple multiple ADJ crl-25578 129 40 studies study NOUN crl-25578 129 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 130 1 one one NUM crl-25578 130 2 potential potential ADJ crl-25578 130 3 moderator moderator NOUN crl-25578 130 4 that that PRON crl-25578 130 5 would would AUX crl-25578 130 6 be be AUX crl-25578 130 7 interesting interesting ADJ crl-25578 130 8 to to PART crl-25578 130 9 explore explore VERB crl-25578 130 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 130 11 though though SCONJ crl-25578 130 12 not not PART crl-25578 130 13 possible possible ADJ crl-25578 130 14 with with ADP crl-25578 130 15 the the DET crl-25578 130 16 present present ADJ crl-25578 130 17 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 130 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 130 19 is be AUX crl-25578 130 20 the the DET crl-25578 130 21 teaching teaching NOUN crl-25578 130 22 experience experience NOUN crl-25578 130 23 of of ADP crl-25578 130 24 the the DET crl-25578 130 25 librarian librarian NOUN crl-25578 130 26 . . PUNCT crl-25578 131 1 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-25578 131 2 the the DET crl-25578 131 3 most most ADV crl-25578 131 4 important important ADJ crl-25578 131 5 lesson lesson NOUN crl-25578 131 6 learned learn VERB crl-25578 131 7 from from ADP crl-25578 131 8 conducting conduct VERB crl-25578 131 9 this this DET crl-25578 131 10 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 131 11 - - PUNCT crl-25578 131 12 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 131 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 131 14 though though ADV crl-25578 131 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 131 16 is be AUX crl-25578 131 17 not not PART crl-25578 131 18 about about ADP crl-25578 131 19 the the DET crl-25578 131 20 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 131 21 of of ADP crl-25578 131 22 one one NUM crl-25578 131 23 - - PUNCT crl-25578 131 24 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 131 25 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 131 26 on on ADP crl-25578 131 27 student student NOUN crl-25578 131 28 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 131 29 , , PUNCT crl-25578 131 30 but but CCONJ crl-25578 131 31 rather rather ADV crl-25578 131 32 about about ADP crl-25578 131 33 the the DET crl-25578 131 34 state state NOUN crl-25578 131 35 of of ADP crl-25578 131 36 the the DET crl-25578 131 37 library library NOUN crl-25578 131 38 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 131 39 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 131 40 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 131 41 or or CCONJ crl-25578 131 42 perhaps perhaps ADV crl-25578 131 43 the the DET crl-25578 131 44 preparation preparation NOUN crl-25578 131 45 that that PRON crl-25578 131 46 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 131 47 receive receive VERB crl-25578 131 48 in in ADP crl-25578 131 49 research research NOUN crl-25578 131 50 methods method NOUN crl-25578 131 51 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 131 52 . . PUNCT crl-25578 132 1 of of ADP crl-25578 132 2 the the DET crl-25578 132 3 3,058 3,058 NUM crl-25578 132 4 articles article NOUN crl-25578 132 5 initially initially ADV crl-25578 132 6 identified identify VERB crl-25578 132 7 in in ADP crl-25578 132 8 the the DET crl-25578 132 9 structured structured ADJ crl-25578 132 10 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 132 11 search search NOUN crl-25578 132 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 132 13 only only ADV crl-25578 132 14 66 66 NUM crl-25578 132 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 132 16 or or CCONJ crl-25578 132 17 ~2 ~2 NOUN crl-25578 132 18 % % NOUN crl-25578 132 19 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 132 20 were be AUX crl-25578 132 21 studies study NOUN crl-25578 132 22 of of ADP crl-25578 132 23 educational educational ADJ crl-25578 132 24 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-25578 132 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 133 1 of of ADP crl-25578 133 2 that that PRON crl-25578 133 3 66 66 NUM crl-25578 133 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 133 5 only only ADV crl-25578 133 6 9 9 NUM crl-25578 133 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 133 8 or or CCONJ crl-25578 133 9 13.6 13.6 NUM crl-25578 133 10 % % NOUN crl-25578 133 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 133 12 or or CCONJ crl-25578 133 13 0.2 0.2 NUM crl-25578 133 14 % % NOUN crl-25578 133 15 of of ADP crl-25578 133 16 the the DET crl-25578 133 17 original original ADJ crl-25578 133 18 set set NOUN crl-25578 133 19 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 133 20 reported report VERB crl-25578 133 21 enough enough ADJ crl-25578 133 22 data datum NOUN crl-25578 133 23 and and CCONJ crl-25578 133 24 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 133 25 sufficient sufficient ADJ crl-25578 133 26 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 133 27 analyses analysis NOUN crl-25578 133 28 to to PART crl-25578 133 29 be be AUX crl-25578 133 30 included include VERB crl-25578 133 31 in in ADP crl-25578 133 32 the the DET crl-25578 133 33 present present ADJ crl-25578 133 34 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 133 35 - - PUNCT crl-25578 133 36 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 133 37 . . PUNCT crl-25578 134 1 even even ADV crl-25578 134 2 within within ADP crl-25578 134 3 the the DET crl-25578 134 4 11 11 NUM crl-25578 134 5 articles article NOUN crl-25578 134 6 ultimately ultimately ADV crl-25578 134 7 included include VERB crl-25578 134 8 in in ADP crl-25578 134 9 the the DET crl-25578 134 10 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 134 11 - - PUNCT crl-25578 134 12 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 134 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 134 14 there there PRON crl-25578 134 15 were be VERB crl-25578 134 16 small small ADJ crl-25578 134 17 problems problem NOUN crl-25578 134 18 with with ADP crl-25578 134 19 data datum NOUN crl-25578 134 20 reported report VERB crl-25578 134 21 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 134 22 one one NUM crl-25578 134 23 article article NOUN crl-25578 134 24 misreported misreporte VERB crl-25578 134 25 the the DET crl-25578 134 26 degrees degree NOUN crl-25578 134 27 of of ADP crl-25578 134 28 freedom freedom NOUN crl-25578 134 29 in in ADP crl-25578 134 30 a a DET crl-25578 134 31 chi chi ADJ crl-25578 134 32 - - PUNCT crl-25578 134 33 squared square VERB crl-25578 134 34 test test NOUN crl-25578 134 35 , , PUNCT crl-25578 134 36 causing cause VERB crl-25578 134 37 the the DET crl-25578 134 38 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 134 39 to to PART crl-25578 134 40 independently independently ADV crl-25578 134 41 redo redo VERB crl-25578 134 42 the the DET crl-25578 134 43 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 134 44 . . PUNCT crl-25578 135 1 another another DET crl-25578 135 2 article article NOUN crl-25578 135 3 transposed transpose VERB crl-25578 135 4 greater great ADJ crl-25578 135 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 135 6 than than ADP crl-25578 135 7 and and CCONJ crl-25578 135 8 less less ADJ crl-25578 135 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 135 10 than than ADP crl-25578 135 11 signs sign NOUN crl-25578 135 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 135 13 so so SCONJ crl-25578 135 14 that that SCONJ crl-25578 135 15 when when SCONJ crl-25578 135 16 they they PRON crl-25578 135 17 reported report VERB crl-25578 135 18 that that SCONJ crl-25578 135 19 a a DET crl-25578 135 20 finding finding NOUN crl-25578 135 21 was be AUX crl-25578 135 22 not not PART crl-25578 135 23 statistically statistically ADV crl-25578 135 24 significant significant ADJ crl-25578 135 25 and and CCONJ crl-25578 135 26 had have VERB crl-25578 135 27 a a DET crl-25578 135 28 small small ADJ crl-25578 135 29 t t NOUN crl-25578 135 30 - - PUNCT crl-25578 135 31 value value NOUN crl-25578 135 32 , , PUNCT crl-25578 135 33 they they PRON crl-25578 135 34 claimed claim VERB crl-25578 135 35 p p NOUN crl-25578 135 36 < < X crl-25578 135 37 .05 .05 NUM crl-25578 135 38 . . PUNCT crl-25578 136 1 these these DET crl-25578 136 2 transcription transcription NOUN crl-25578 136 3 errors error NOUN crl-25578 136 4 cause cause VERB crl-25578 136 5 some some DET crl-25578 136 6 concern concern NOUN crl-25578 136 7 for for ADP crl-25578 136 8 the the DET crl-25578 136 9 validity validity NOUN crl-25578 136 10 of of ADP crl-25578 136 11 the the DET crl-25578 136 12 data datum NOUN crl-25578 136 13 presented present VERB crl-25578 136 14 in in ADP crl-25578 136 15 these these DET crl-25578 136 16 articles article NOUN crl-25578 136 17 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 136 18 but but CCONJ crl-25578 136 19 , , PUNCT crl-25578 136 20 because because SCONJ crl-25578 136 21 the the DET crl-25578 136 22 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 136 23 is be AUX crl-25578 136 24 so so ADV crl-25578 136 25 sparse sparse ADJ crl-25578 136 26 , , PUNCT crl-25578 136 27 the the DET crl-25578 136 28 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 136 29 did do AUX crl-25578 136 30 opt opt VERB crl-25578 136 31 to to PART crl-25578 136 32 include include VERB crl-25578 136 33 them they PRON crl-25578 136 34 in in ADP crl-25578 136 35 the the DET crl-25578 136 36 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 136 37 - - PUNCT crl-25578 136 38 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 136 39 . . PUNCT crl-25578 137 1 two two NUM crl-25578 137 2 studies study NOUN crl-25578 137 3 were be AUX crl-25578 137 4 rejected reject VERB crl-25578 137 5 when when SCONJ crl-25578 137 6 percentages percentage NOUN crl-25578 137 7 of of ADP crl-25578 137 8 students student NOUN crl-25578 137 9 reported report VERB crl-25578 137 10 resulted result VERB crl-25578 137 11 in in ADP crl-25578 137 12 fractions fraction NOUN crl-25578 137 13 of of ADP crl-25578 137 14 humans human NOUN crl-25578 137 15 , , PUNCT crl-25578 137 16 indicating indicate VERB crl-25578 137 17 that that SCONJ crl-25578 137 18 missing miss VERB crl-25578 137 19 values value NOUN crl-25578 137 20 were be AUX crl-25578 137 21 not not PART crl-25578 137 22 adequately adequately ADV crl-25578 137 23 reported report VERB crl-25578 137 24 . . PUNCT crl-25578 138 1 the the DET crl-25578 138 2 field field NOUN crl-25578 138 3 would would AUX crl-25578 138 4 benefit benefit VERB crl-25578 138 5 greatly greatly ADV crl-25578 138 6 from from ADP crl-25578 138 7 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 138 8 studies study NOUN crl-25578 138 9 that that PRON crl-25578 138 10 clearly clearly ADV crl-25578 138 11 and and CCONJ crl-25578 138 12 accurately accurately ADV crl-25578 138 13 report report VERB crl-25578 138 14 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 138 15 tests test NOUN crl-25578 138 16 , , PUNCT crl-25578 138 17 including include VERB crl-25578 138 18 precise precise ADJ crl-25578 138 19 p p NOUN crl-25578 138 20 - - PUNCT crl-25578 138 21 values value NOUN crl-25578 138 22 , , PUNCT crl-25578 138 23 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 138 24 sizes size NOUN crl-25578 138 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 138 26 and and CCONJ crl-25578 138 27 confidence confidence NOUN crl-25578 138 28 intervals interval NOUN crl-25578 138 29 . . PUNCT crl-25578 139 1 the the DET crl-25578 139 2 vast vast ADJ crl-25578 139 3 majority majority NOUN crl-25578 139 4 of of ADP crl-25578 139 5 is be AUX crl-25578 139 6 the the DET crl-25578 139 7 library library NOUN crl-25578 139 8 one one NUM crl-25578 139 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 139 10 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 139 11 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 139 12 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 140 1 747 747 NUM crl-25578 140 2 studies study NOUN crl-25578 140 3 in in ADP crl-25578 140 4 this this DET crl-25578 140 5 field field NOUN crl-25578 140 6 report report NOUN crl-25578 140 7 descriptive descriptive ADJ crl-25578 140 8 statistics statistic NOUN crl-25578 140 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 140 10 primarily primarily ADV crl-25578 140 11 mean mean VERB crl-25578 140 12 values value NOUN crl-25578 140 13 and and CCONJ crl-25578 140 14 frequency frequency NOUN crl-25578 140 15 tables table NOUN crl-25578 140 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 140 17 and and CCONJ crl-25578 140 18 a a DET crl-25578 140 19 smaller small ADJ crl-25578 140 20 number number NOUN crl-25578 140 21 report report NOUN crl-25578 140 22 percentages percentage NOUN crl-25578 140 23 that that PRON crl-25578 140 24 fall fall VERB crl-25578 140 25 into into ADP crl-25578 140 26 specific specific ADJ crl-25578 140 27 categories category NOUN crl-25578 140 28 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 140 29 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 140 30 relative relative ADJ crl-25578 140 31 risk risk NOUN crl-25578 140 32 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 140 33 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 140 34 , , PUNCT crl-25578 140 35 but but CCONJ crl-25578 140 36 more more ADV crl-25578 140 37 meaningful meaningful ADJ crl-25578 140 38 and and CCONJ crl-25578 140 39 informative informative ADJ crl-25578 140 40 analyses analysis NOUN crl-25578 140 41 could could AUX crl-25578 140 42 and and CCONJ crl-25578 140 43 should should AUX crl-25578 140 44 be be AUX crl-25578 140 45 performed perform VERB crl-25578 140 46 . . PUNCT crl-25578 141 1 in in ADP crl-25578 141 2 addition addition NOUN crl-25578 141 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 141 4 well well ADV crl-25578 141 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 141 6 designed design VERB crl-25578 141 7 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 141 8 studies study NOUN crl-25578 141 9 of of ADP crl-25578 141 10 the the DET crl-25578 141 11 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 141 12 of of ADP crl-25578 141 13 the the DET crl-25578 141 14 one one NUM crl-25578 141 15 - - PUNCT crl-25578 141 16 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 141 17 intervention intervention NOUN crl-25578 141 18 would would AUX crl-25578 141 19 enrich enrich VERB crl-25578 141 20 the the DET crl-25578 141 21 field field NOUN crl-25578 141 22 and and CCONJ crl-25578 141 23 introduce introduce VERB crl-25578 141 24 the the DET crl-25578 141 25 possibility possibility NOUN crl-25578 141 26 of of ADP crl-25578 141 27 drawing draw VERB crl-25578 141 28 causal causal NOUN crl-25578 141 29 inferences inference NOUN crl-25578 141 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 142 1 the the DET crl-25578 142 2 preponderance preponderance NOUN crl-25578 142 3 of of ADP crl-25578 142 4 the the DET crl-25578 142 5 case case NOUN crl-25578 142 6 study study NOUN crl-25578 142 7 makes make VERB crl-25578 142 8 it it PRON crl-25578 142 9 challenging challenge VERB crl-25578 142 10 to to PART crl-25578 142 11 trust trust VERB crl-25578 142 12 the the DET crl-25578 142 13 results result NOUN crl-25578 142 14 of of ADP crl-25578 142 15 the the DET crl-25578 142 16 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 142 17 - - PUNCT crl-25578 142 18 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 142 19 . . PUNCT crl-25578 143 1 given give VERB crl-25578 143 2 the the DET crl-25578 143 3 continued continued ADJ crl-25578 143 4 prevalence prevalence NOUN crl-25578 143 5 of of ADP crl-25578 143 6 the the DET crl-25578 143 7 one one NUM crl-25578 143 8 - - PUNCT crl-25578 143 9 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 143 10 in in ADP crl-25578 143 11 library library NOUN crl-25578 143 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 143 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 143 14 the the DET crl-25578 143 15 field field NOUN crl-25578 143 16 should should AUX crl-25578 143 17 consider consider VERB crl-25578 143 18 an an DET crl-25578 143 19 increased increase VERB crl-25578 143 20 focus focus NOUN crl-25578 143 21 on on ADP crl-25578 143 22 robust robust ADJ crl-25578 143 23 assessments assessment NOUN crl-25578 143 24 of of ADP crl-25578 143 25 their their PRON crl-25578 143 26 efficacy efficacy NOUN crl-25578 143 27 . . PUNCT crl-25578 144 1 this this PRON crl-25578 144 2 may may AUX crl-25578 144 3 require require VERB crl-25578 144 4 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 144 5 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 144 6 or or CCONJ crl-25578 144 7 methodological methodological ADJ crl-25578 144 8 training training NOUN crl-25578 144 9 and and CCONJ crl-25578 144 10 support support NOUN crl-25578 144 11 for for ADP crl-25578 144 12 library library NOUN crl-25578 144 13 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 144 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 145 1 further far ADV crl-25578 145 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 145 3 the the DET crl-25578 145 4 results result NOUN crl-25578 145 5 of of ADP crl-25578 145 6 the the DET crl-25578 145 7 present present ADJ crl-25578 145 8 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 145 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 145 10 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 145 11 should should AUX crl-25578 145 12 encourage encourage VERB crl-25578 145 13 the the DET crl-25578 145 14 field field NOUN crl-25578 145 15 to to PART crl-25578 145 16 reconsider reconsider VERB crl-25578 145 17 the the DET crl-25578 145 18 classification classification NOUN crl-25578 145 19 of of ADP crl-25578 145 20 the the DET crl-25578 145 21 one one NUM crl-25578 145 22 - - PUNCT crl-25578 145 23 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 145 24 as as ADP crl-25578 145 25 a a DET crl-25578 145 26 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 145 27 method method NOUN crl-25578 145 28 . . PUNCT crl-25578 145 29 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 146 1 the the DET crl-25578 146 2 one one NUM crl-25578 146 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 146 4 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 146 5 is be AUX crl-25578 146 6 not not PART crl-25578 146 7 a a DET crl-25578 146 8 monolith monolith NOUN crl-25578 146 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 146 10 but but CCONJ crl-25578 146 11 instead instead ADV crl-25578 146 12 encompasses encompass VERB crl-25578 146 13 a a DET crl-25578 146 14 wide wide ADJ crl-25578 146 15 variety variety NOUN crl-25578 146 16 of of ADP crl-25578 146 17 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 146 18 variables variable NOUN crl-25578 146 19 , , PUNCT crl-25578 146 20 pedagogical pedagogical ADJ crl-25578 146 21 strategies strategy NOUN crl-25578 146 22 , , PUNCT crl-25578 146 23 timing timing NOUN crl-25578 146 24 , , PUNCT crl-25578 146 25 and and CCONJ crl-25578 146 26 populations population NOUN crl-25578 146 27 , , PUNCT crl-25578 146 28 and and CCONJ crl-25578 146 29 being be AUX crl-25578 146 30 able able ADJ crl-25578 146 31 to to PART crl-25578 146 32 compare compare VERB crl-25578 146 33 studies study NOUN crl-25578 146 34 that that PRON crl-25578 146 35 are be AUX crl-25578 146 36 more more ADV crl-25578 146 37 alike alike ADV crl-25578 146 38 would would AUX crl-25578 146 39 yield yield VERB crl-25578 146 40 more more ADV crl-25578 146 41 meaningful meaningful ADJ crl-25578 146 42 and and CCONJ crl-25578 146 43 actionable actionable ADJ crl-25578 146 44 results result NOUN crl-25578 146 45 for for ADP crl-25578 146 46 library library NOUN crl-25578 146 47 practitioners practitioner NOUN crl-25578 146 48 . . PUNCT crl-25578 147 1 this this DET crl-25578 147 2 study study NOUN crl-25578 147 3 indicates indicate VERB crl-25578 147 4 that that SCONJ crl-25578 147 5 there there PRON crl-25578 147 6 is be VERB crl-25578 147 7 likely likely ADV crl-25578 147 8 more more ADJ crl-25578 147 9 to to PART crl-25578 147 10 unpack unpack VERB crl-25578 147 11 in in ADP crl-25578 147 12 terms term NOUN crl-25578 147 13 of of ADP crl-25578 147 14 what what PRON crl-25578 147 15 differentiates differentiate VERB crl-25578 147 16 an an DET crl-25578 147 17 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 147 18 one one NUM crl-25578 147 19 - - PUNCT crl-25578 147 20 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 147 21 from from ADP crl-25578 147 22 an an DET crl-25578 147 23 ineffective ineffective ADJ crl-25578 147 24 one one NUM crl-25578 147 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 148 1 replication replication NOUN crl-25578 148 2 studies study NOUN crl-25578 148 3 at at ADP crl-25578 148 4 different different ADJ crl-25578 148 5 institutions institution NOUN crl-25578 148 6 may may AUX crl-25578 148 7 also also ADV crl-25578 148 8 be be AUX crl-25578 148 9 warranted warrant VERB crl-25578 148 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 149 1 in in ADP crl-25578 149 2 conclusion conclusion NOUN crl-25578 149 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 149 4 the the DET crl-25578 149 5 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 149 6 hopes hope VERB crl-25578 149 7 that that SCONJ crl-25578 149 8 this this DET crl-25578 149 9 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 149 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 149 11 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 149 12 spurs spur VERB crl-25578 149 13 additional additional ADJ crl-25578 149 14 investigation investigation NOUN crl-25578 149 15 into into ADP crl-25578 149 16 the the DET crl-25578 149 17 field field NOUN crl-25578 149 18 and and CCONJ crl-25578 149 19 that that SCONJ crl-25578 149 20 a a DET crl-25578 149 21 more more ADV crl-25578 149 22 directional directional ADJ crl-25578 149 23 metaanalysis metaanalysis NOUN crl-25578 149 24 may may AUX crl-25578 149 25 be be AUX crl-25578 149 26 possible possible ADJ crl-25578 149 27 in in ADP crl-25578 149 28 the the DET crl-25578 149 29 future future NOUN crl-25578 149 30 . . PUNCT crl-25578 150 1 748 748 NUM crl-25578 150 2 college college PROPN crl-25578 150 3 & & CCONJ crl-25578 150 4 research research PROPN crl-25578 150 5 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 150 6 september september PROPN crl-25578 150 7 2022 2022 NUM crl-25578 150 8 appendix appendix PROPN crl-25578 150 9 codebook codebook VERB crl-25578 150 10 variable variable ADJ crl-25578 150 11 possible possible ADJ crl-25578 150 12 values value NOUN crl-25578 150 13 definition definition NOUN crl-25578 150 14 student student NOUN crl-25578 150 15 category category NOUN crl-25578 150 16 community community NOUN crl-25578 150 17 college college NOUN crl-25578 150 18 students student NOUN crl-25578 150 19 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 150 20 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-25578 150 21 students student NOUN crl-25578 150 22 the the DET crl-25578 150 23 population population NOUN crl-25578 150 24 studied study VERB crl-25578 150 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 150 26 as as SCONJ crl-25578 150 27 identified identify VERB crl-25578 150 28 by by ADP crl-25578 150 29 the the DET crl-25578 150 30 original original ADJ crl-25578 150 31 study study NOUN crl-25578 150 32 authors author NOUN crl-25578 150 33 . . PUNCT crl-25578 151 1 discipline discipline PROPN crl-25578 151 2 english english PROPN crl-25578 151 3 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 151 4 education education NOUN crl-25578 151 5 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 151 6 business business NOUN crl-25578 151 7 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 151 8 sociology sociology NOUN crl-25578 151 9 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 151 10 unknown unknown ADJ crl-25578 151 11 / / SYM crl-25578 151 12 general general ADJ crl-25578 151 13 the the DET crl-25578 151 14 type type NOUN crl-25578 151 15 of of ADP crl-25578 151 16 course course NOUN crl-25578 151 17 that that SCONJ crl-25578 151 18 the the DET crl-25578 151 19 one one NUM crl-25578 151 20 - - PUNCT crl-25578 151 21 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 151 22 was be AUX crl-25578 151 23 associated associate VERB crl-25578 151 24 with with ADP crl-25578 151 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 151 26 as as SCONJ crl-25578 151 27 described describe VERB crl-25578 151 28 by by ADP crl-25578 151 29 original original ADJ crl-25578 151 30 study study NOUN crl-25578 151 31 authors author NOUN crl-25578 151 32 . . PUNCT crl-25578 152 1 institution institution NOUN crl-25578 152 2 type type NOUN crl-25578 152 3 community community NOUN crl-25578 152 4 college college NOUN crl-25578 152 5 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 152 6 small small ADJ crl-25578 152 7 liberal liberal ADJ crl-25578 152 8 arts art NOUN crl-25578 152 9 college college NOUN crl-25578 152 10 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 152 11 mid mid ADJ crl-25578 152 12 - - ADJ crl-25578 152 13 sized sized ADJ crl-25578 152 14 public public NOUN crl-25578 152 15 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 152 16 large large ADJ crl-25578 152 17 public public ADJ crl-25578 152 18 the the DET crl-25578 152 19 type type NOUN crl-25578 152 20 of of ADP crl-25578 152 21 college college NOUN crl-25578 152 22 or or CCONJ crl-25578 152 23 university university NOUN crl-25578 152 24 where where SCONJ crl-25578 152 25 the the DET crl-25578 152 26 study study NOUN crl-25578 152 27 took take VERB crl-25578 152 28 place place NOUN crl-25578 152 29 , , PUNCT crl-25578 152 30 as as SCONJ crl-25578 152 31 identified identify VERB crl-25578 152 32 by by ADP crl-25578 152 33 the the DET crl-25578 152 34 original original ADJ crl-25578 152 35 study study NOUN crl-25578 152 36 authors author NOUN crl-25578 152 37 . . PUNCT crl-25578 153 1 experimental experimental ADJ crl-25578 153 2 design design PROPN crl-25578 153 3 preand preand NOUN crl-25578 153 4 post post NOUN crl-25578 153 5 - - NOUN crl-25578 153 6 test test ADJ crl-25578 153 7 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 153 8 quasiexperimental quasiexperimental ADJ crl-25578 153 9 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 153 10 survey survey NOUN crl-25578 153 11 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 153 12 portfolio portfolio NOUN crl-25578 153 13 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 153 14 the the DET crl-25578 153 15 type type NOUN crl-25578 153 16 of of ADP crl-25578 153 17 study study NOUN crl-25578 153 18 that that PRON crl-25578 153 19 was be AUX crl-25578 153 20 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 153 21 , , PUNCT crl-25578 153 22 as as SCONJ crl-25578 153 23 reported report VERB crl-25578 153 24 by by ADP crl-25578 153 25 the the DET crl-25578 153 26 original original ADJ crl-25578 153 27 study study NOUN crl-25578 153 28 authors author NOUN crl-25578 153 29 . . PUNCT crl-25578 154 1 some some DET crl-25578 154 2 studies study NOUN crl-25578 154 3 used use VERB crl-25578 154 4 more more ADJ crl-25578 154 5 than than ADP crl-25578 154 6 one one NUM crl-25578 154 7 design design NOUN crl-25578 154 8 and and CCONJ crl-25578 154 9 were be AUX crl-25578 154 10 coded code VERB crl-25578 154 11 as as ADP crl-25578 154 12 such such ADJ crl-25578 154 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 154 14 length length NOUN crl-25578 154 15 of of ADP crl-25578 154 16 session session NOUN crl-25578 154 17 45 45 NUM crl-25578 154 18 minutes minute NOUN crl-25578 154 19 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 154 20 50 50 NUM crl-25578 154 21 minutes minute NOUN crl-25578 154 22 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 154 23 60 60 NUM crl-25578 154 24 minutes minute NOUN crl-25578 154 25 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 154 26 75 75 NUM crl-25578 154 27 minutes minute NOUN crl-25578 154 28 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 154 29 90 90 NUM crl-25578 154 30 minutes minute NOUN crl-25578 154 31 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 154 32 not not PART crl-25578 154 33 described describe VERB crl-25578 154 34 the the DET crl-25578 154 35 length length NOUN crl-25578 154 36 of of ADP crl-25578 154 37 the the DET crl-25578 154 38 one one NUM crl-25578 154 39 - - PUNCT crl-25578 154 40 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 154 41 session session NOUN crl-25578 154 42 where where SCONJ crl-25578 154 43 outcomes outcome NOUN crl-25578 154 44 were be AUX crl-25578 154 45 being be AUX crl-25578 154 46 measured measure VERB crl-25578 154 47 . . PUNCT crl-25578 155 1 not not PART crl-25578 155 2 all all DET crl-25578 155 3 studies study NOUN crl-25578 155 4 included include VERB crl-25578 155 5 the the DET crl-25578 155 6 length length NOUN crl-25578 155 7 and and CCONJ crl-25578 155 8 were be AUX crl-25578 155 9 marked mark VERB crl-25578 155 10 as as ADP crl-25578 155 11 such such ADJ crl-25578 155 12 . . PUNCT crl-25578 156 1 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 156 2 type type NOUN crl-25578 156 3 chi chi PROPN crl-25578 156 4 - - PUNCT crl-25578 156 5 squared square VERB crl-25578 156 6 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 156 7 independent independent ADJ crl-25578 156 8 sample sample NOUN crl-25578 156 9 t t PROPN crl-25578 156 10 - - PUNCT crl-25578 156 11 test test NOUN crl-25578 157 1 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 157 2 paired pair VERB crl-25578 157 3 sample sample NOUN crl-25578 157 4 t t PROPN crl-25578 157 5 - - PUNCT crl-25578 157 6 test test NOUN crl-25578 157 7 the the DET crl-25578 157 8 type type NOUN crl-25578 157 9 of of ADP crl-25578 157 10 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 157 11 conducted conduct VERB crl-25578 157 12 on on ADP crl-25578 157 13 the the DET crl-25578 157 14 data datum NOUN crl-25578 157 15 collected collect VERB crl-25578 157 16 to to PART crl-25578 157 17 report report VERB crl-25578 157 18 on on ADP crl-25578 157 19 the the DET crl-25578 157 20 outcome outcome NOUN crl-25578 157 21 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 157 22 . . PUNCT crl-25578 158 1 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 158 2 variable variable ADJ crl-25578 158 3 type type NOUN crl-25578 158 4 test test NOUN crl-25578 158 5 ; ; PUNCT crl-25578 158 6 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 158 7 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 158 8 describes describe VERB crl-25578 158 9 the the DET crl-25578 158 10 type type NOUN crl-25578 158 11 of of ADP crl-25578 158 12 measure measure NOUN crl-25578 158 13 that that PRON crl-25578 158 14 was be AUX crl-25578 158 15 used use VERB crl-25578 158 16 to to PART crl-25578 158 17 describe describe VERB crl-25578 158 18 the the DET crl-25578 158 19 change change NOUN crl-25578 158 20 in in ADP crl-25578 158 21 the the DET crl-25578 158 22 dependent dependent ADJ crl-25578 158 23 variable variable NOUN crl-25578 158 24 . . PUNCT crl-25578 159 1 these these PRON crl-25578 159 2 were be AUX crl-25578 159 3 selected select VERB crl-25578 159 4 and and CCONJ crl-25578 159 5 coded code VERB crl-25578 159 6 by by ADP crl-25578 159 7 the the DET crl-25578 159 8 present present ADJ crl-25578 159 9 researcher researcher NOUN crl-25578 159 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 160 1 notes note NOUN crl-25578 160 2 1 1 NUM crl-25578 160 3 . . PUNCT crl-25578 161 1 according accord VERB crl-25578 161 2 to to ADP crl-25578 161 3 wiggins wiggin NOUN crl-25578 161 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 161 5 1989 1989 NUM crl-25578 161 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 161 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 161 8 the the DET crl-25578 161 9 creator creator NOUN crl-25578 161 10 of of ADP crl-25578 161 11 this this DET crl-25578 161 12 phrase phrase NOUN crl-25578 161 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 161 14 authentic authentic ADJ crl-25578 161 15 assessment assessment NOUN crl-25578 161 16 is be AUX crl-25578 161 17 a a DET crl-25578 161 18 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 161 19 true true ADJ crl-25578 161 20 test test NOUN crl-25578 161 21 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 161 22 of of ADP crl-25578 161 23 student student NOUN crl-25578 161 24 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 161 25 , , PUNCT crl-25578 161 26 where where SCONJ crl-25578 161 27 students student NOUN crl-25578 161 28 are be AUX crl-25578 161 29 asked ask VERB crl-25578 161 30 to to PART crl-25578 161 31 demonstrate demonstrate VERB crl-25578 161 32 application application NOUN crl-25578 161 33 of of ADP crl-25578 161 34 knowledge knowledge NOUN crl-25578 161 35 in in ADP crl-25578 161 36 an an DET crl-25578 161 37 exemplary exemplary ADJ crl-25578 161 38 and and CCONJ crl-25578 161 39 nonstandardized nonstandardize VERB crl-25578 161 40 task task NOUN crl-25578 161 41 . . PUNCT crl-25578 162 1 examples example NOUN crl-25578 162 2 include include VERB crl-25578 162 3 essays essay NOUN crl-25578 162 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 162 5 portfolios portfolio NOUN crl-25578 162 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 162 7 and and CCONJ crl-25578 162 8 research research NOUN crl-25578 162 9 projects project NOUN crl-25578 162 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 163 1 2 2 X crl-25578 163 2 . . X crl-25578 163 3 fixed fix VERB crl-25578 163 4 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 163 5 models model NOUN crl-25578 163 6 assume assume VERB crl-25578 163 7 there there PRON crl-25578 163 8 is be VERB crl-25578 163 9 a a DET crl-25578 163 10 single single ADJ crl-25578 163 11 central central ADJ crl-25578 163 12 tendency tendency NOUN crl-25578 163 13 and and CCONJ crl-25578 163 14 can can AUX crl-25578 163 15 only only ADV crl-25578 163 16 be be AUX crl-25578 163 17 generalized generalize VERB crl-25578 163 18 to to ADP crl-25578 163 19 other other ADJ crl-25578 163 20 populations population NOUN crl-25578 163 21 of of ADP crl-25578 163 22 the the DET crl-25578 163 23 same same ADJ crl-25578 163 24 ilk ilk NOUN crl-25578 163 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 164 1 random random ADJ crl-25578 164 2 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 164 3 models model NOUN crl-25578 164 4 generally generally ADV crl-25578 164 5 have have VERB crl-25578 164 6 a a DET crl-25578 164 7 smaller small ADJ crl-25578 164 8 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 164 9 size size NOUN crl-25578 164 10 but but CCONJ crl-25578 164 11 are be AUX crl-25578 164 12 more more ADV crl-25578 164 13 generalizable generalizable ADJ crl-25578 164 14 and and CCONJ crl-25578 164 15 amenable amenable ADJ crl-25578 164 16 to to ADP crl-25578 164 17 heterogeneity heterogeneity NOUN crl-25578 164 18 of of ADP crl-25578 164 19 studies study NOUN crl-25578 164 20 . . PUNCT crl-25578 165 1 this this PRON crl-25578 165 2 is be AUX crl-25578 165 3 the the DET crl-25578 165 4 case case NOUN crl-25578 165 5 in in ADP crl-25578 165 6 this this DET crl-25578 165 7 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 165 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 166 1 references reference NOUN crl-25578 166 2 american american PROPN crl-25578 166 3 library library PROPN crl-25578 166 4 association association PROPN crl-25578 166 5 . . PUNCT crl-25578 167 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 167 2 2000 2000 NUM crl-25578 167 3 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 167 4 . . PUNCT crl-25578 168 1 acrl acrl ADJ crl-25578 168 2 standards standard NOUN crl-25578 168 3 : : PUNCT crl-25578 168 4 information information NOUN crl-25578 168 5 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 168 6 competency competency NOUN crl-25578 168 7 standards standard NOUN crl-25578 168 8 for for ADP crl-25578 168 9 higher high ADJ crl-25578 168 10 education education NOUN crl-25578 168 11 . . PUNCT crl-25578 169 1 college college PROPN crl-25578 169 2 & & CCONJ crl-25578 169 3 research research PROPN crl-25578 169 4 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 169 5 news news NOUN crl-25578 169 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 169 7 61(3 61(3 NUM crl-25578 169 8 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 169 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 170 1 https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.61.3.207 https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.61.3.207 PUNCT crl-25578 170 2 association association NOUN crl-25578 170 3 of of ADP crl-25578 170 4 college college PROPN crl-25578 170 5 & & CCONJ crl-25578 170 6 research research NOUN crl-25578 170 7 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 170 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 171 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 171 2 2015 2015 NUM crl-25578 171 3 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 171 4 . . PUNCT crl-25578 172 1 framework framework NOUN crl-25578 172 2 for for ADP crl-25578 172 3 information information NOUN crl-25578 172 4 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 172 5 for for ADP crl-25578 172 6 higher high ADJ crl-25578 172 7 education education NOUN crl-25578 172 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 173 1 https://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework https://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework NOUN crl-25578 173 2 barclay barclay NOUN crl-25578 173 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 173 4 d. d. PROPN crl-25578 173 5 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 173 6 1993 1993 NUM crl-25578 173 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 173 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 174 1 evaluating evaluate VERB crl-25578 174 2 library library NOUN crl-25578 174 3 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 174 4 : : PUNCT crl-25578 174 5 doing do VERB crl-25578 174 6 the the DET crl-25578 174 7 best good ADJ crl-25578 174 8 with with ADP crl-25578 174 9 what what PRON crl-25578 174 10 you you PRON crl-25578 174 11 have have AUX crl-25578 174 12 . . PUNCT crl-25578 175 1 reference reference NOUN crl-25578 175 2 quarterly quarterly ADJ crl-25578 175 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 175 4 33(2 33(2 NUM crl-25578 175 5 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 175 6 195–202 195–202 NUM crl-25578 175 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 176 1 begg begg PROPN crl-25578 176 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 176 3 c. c. PROPN crl-25578 176 4 b. b. PROPN crl-25578 176 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 176 6 & & CCONJ crl-25578 176 7 mazumdar mazumdar NOUN crl-25578 176 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 176 9 m. m. NOUN crl-25578 176 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 176 11 1994 1994 NUM crl-25578 176 12 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 176 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 177 1 operating operate VERB crl-25578 177 2 characteristics characteristic NOUN crl-25578 177 3 of of ADP crl-25578 177 4 a a DET crl-25578 177 5 rank rank NOUN crl-25578 177 6 correlation correlation NOUN crl-25578 177 7 test test NOUN crl-25578 177 8 for for ADP crl-25578 177 9 publication publication NOUN crl-25578 177 10 bias bias NOUN crl-25578 177 11 . . PUNCT crl-25578 178 1 https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.61.3.207 https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.61.3.207 PUNCT crl-25578 178 2 https://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework https://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework NOUN crl-25578 178 3 is be AUX crl-25578 178 4 the the DET crl-25578 178 5 library library NOUN crl-25578 178 6 one one NUM crl-25578 178 7 - - PUNCT crl-25578 178 8 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 178 9 effective effective ADJ crl-25578 178 10 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 179 1 749 749 NUM crl-25578 179 2 biometrics biometric NOUN crl-25578 179 3 50(4 50(4 X crl-25578 179 4 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 179 5 1088–1101 1088–1101 NUM crl-25578 179 6 . . PUNCT crl-25578 180 1 https://doi.org/10.2307/2533446 https://doi.org/10.2307/2533446 PROPN crl-25578 180 2 bowles bowles PROPN crl-25578 180 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 180 4 terry terry PROPN crl-25578 180 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 180 6 m. m. NOUN crl-25578 180 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 180 8 & & CCONJ crl-25578 180 9 donovan donovan PROPN crl-25578 180 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 180 11 c. c. PROPN crl-25578 180 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 180 13 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 180 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 180 15 . . PUNCT crl-25578 181 1 serving serve VERB crl-25578 181 2 notice notice NOUN crl-25578 181 3 on on ADP crl-25578 181 4 the the DET crl-25578 181 5 one one NUM crl-25578 181 6 - - PUNCT crl-25578 181 7 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 181 8 : : PUNCT crl-25578 181 9 changing change VERB crl-25578 181 10 roles role NOUN crl-25578 181 11 for for ADP crl-25578 181 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 181 13 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 181 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 182 1 international international ADJ crl-25578 182 2 information information PROPN crl-25578 182 3 & & CCONJ crl-25578 182 4 library library PROPN crl-25578 182 5 review review PROPN crl-25578 182 6 48(2 48(2 NUM crl-25578 182 7 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 182 8 137–142 137–142 NUM crl-25578 182 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 182 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2016.1176457 https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2016.1176457 PROPN crl-25578 182 11 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 182 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 182 13 j. j. PROPN crl-25578 182 14 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 182 15 1965 1965 NUM crl-25578 182 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 182 17 . . PUNCT crl-25578 183 1 some some DET crl-25578 183 2 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 183 3 issues issue NOUN crl-25578 183 4 in in ADP crl-25578 183 5 psychological psychological ADJ crl-25578 183 6 research research NOUN crl-25578 183 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 184 1 in in ADP crl-25578 184 2 wolman wolman PROPN crl-25578 184 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 184 4 b.b b.b PROPN crl-25578 184 5 . . PUNCT crl-25578 184 6 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 184 7 ed ed NOUN crl-25578 184 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 184 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 184 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 184 11 handbook handbook NOUN crl-25578 184 12 of of ADP crl-25578 184 13 clinical clinical ADJ crl-25578 184 14 psychology psychology NOUN crl-25578 184 15 . . PUNCT crl-25578 185 1 mcgraw mcgraw NOUN crl-25578 185 2 - - PUNCT crl-25578 185 3 hill hill PROPN crl-25578 185 4 . . PUNCT crl-25578 186 1 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 186 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 186 3 j. j. PROPN crl-25578 186 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 186 5 1977 1977 NUM crl-25578 186 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 186 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 187 1 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 187 2 power power NOUN crl-25578 187 3 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 187 4 for for ADP crl-25578 187 5 the the DET crl-25578 187 6 behavioral behavioral ADJ crl-25578 187 7 sciences sciences PROPN crl-25578 187 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 188 1 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 188 2 press press NOUN crl-25578 188 3 . . PUNCT crl-25578 189 1 * * PUNCT crl-25578 189 2 cohen cohen PROPN crl-25578 189 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 4 m.e m.e PROPN crl-25578 189 5 . . PROPN crl-25578 189 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 7 poggiali poggiali PROPN crl-25578 189 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 9 j. j. PROPN crl-25578 189 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 11 lehner lehner NOUN crl-25578 189 12 - - PUNCT crl-25578 189 13 quam quam PROPN crl-25578 189 14 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 15 a. a. PROPN crl-25578 189 16 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 17 wright wright PROPN crl-25578 189 18 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 19 r. r. PROPN crl-25578 189 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 21 & & CCONJ crl-25578 189 22 west west PROPN crl-25578 189 23 , , PUNCT crl-25578 189 24 r.k r.k PROPN crl-25578 189 25 . . PROPN crl-25578 189 26 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 189 27 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 189 28 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 189 29 . . PUNCT crl-25578 190 1 flipping flip VERB crl-25578 190 2 the the DET crl-25578 190 3 classroom classroom NOUN crl-25578 190 4 in in ADP crl-25578 190 5 business business NOUN crl-25578 190 6 and and CCONJ crl-25578 190 7 education education NOUN crl-25578 190 8 one one NUM crl-25578 190 9 - - PUNCT crl-25578 190 10 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 190 11 sessions session NOUN crl-25578 190 12 : : PUNCT crl-25578 190 13 a a DET crl-25578 190 14 research research NOUN crl-25578 190 15 study study NOUN crl-25578 190 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 191 1 journal journal PROPN crl-25578 191 2 of of ADP crl-25578 191 3 information information NOUN crl-25578 191 4 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 191 5 10(2 10(2 NUM crl-25578 191 6 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 191 7 40 40 NUM crl-25578 191 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 192 1 https://doi https://doi PROPN crl-25578 192 2 . . PROPN crl-25578 192 3 org/10.11645/10.2.2127 org/10.11645/10.2.2127 PROPN crl-25578 192 4 davinson davinson PROPN crl-25578 192 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 192 6 d. d. PROPN crl-25578 192 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 192 8 1984 1984 NUM crl-25578 192 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 192 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 193 1 never never ADV crl-25578 193 2 mind mind VERB crl-25578 193 3 the the DET crl-25578 193 4 quality quality NOUN crl-25578 193 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 193 6 feel feel VERB crl-25578 193 7 the the DET crl-25578 193 8 width width NOUN crl-25578 193 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 194 1 reference reference NOUN crl-25578 194 2 librarian librarian PROPN crl-25578 194 3 3(10 3(10 NUM crl-25578 194 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 194 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 194 6 29–37 29–37 NUM crl-25578 194 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 195 1 https://doi.org/10.1300/ https://doi.org/10.1300/ PROPN crl-25578 195 2 j120v03n10_04 j120v03n10_04 PROPN crl-25578 195 3 fisher fisher PROPN crl-25578 195 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 195 5 z. z. PROPN crl-25578 195 6 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 195 7 2018 2018 NUM crl-25578 195 8 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 195 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 196 1 who who PRON crl-25578 196 2 succeeds succeed VERB crl-25578 196 3 in in ADP crl-25578 196 4 higher high ADJ crl-25578 196 5 education education NOUN crl-25578 196 6 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 197 1 questioning question VERB crl-25578 197 2 the the DET crl-25578 197 3 connection connection NOUN crl-25578 197 4 between between ADP crl-25578 197 5 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 197 6 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 197 7 and and CCONJ crl-25578 197 8 student student NOUN crl-25578 197 9 success success NOUN crl-25578 197 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 198 1 in in ADP crl-25578 198 2 proceedings proceeding NOUN crl-25578 198 3 of of ADP crl-25578 198 4 the the DET crl-25578 198 5 2018 2018 NUM crl-25578 198 6 carl carl PROPN crl-25578 198 7 conference conference NOUN crl-25578 198 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 199 1 redwood redwood PROPN crl-25578 199 2 city city PROPN crl-25578 199 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 199 4 ca ca NOUN crl-25578 199 5 . . PUNCT crl-25578 200 1 http://conf2018.carl http://conf2018.carl NOUN crl-25578 200 2 - - PUNCT crl-25578 200 3 acrl acrl NOUN crl-25578 200 4 . . PUNCT crl-25578 201 1 org org ADJ crl-25578 201 2 / / SYM crl-25578 201 3 conference conference NOUN crl-25578 201 4 - - PUNCT crl-25578 201 5 proceedings/ proceedings/ NUM crl-25578 201 6 gavin gavin PROPN crl-25578 201 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 201 8 c. c. PROPN crl-25578 201 9 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 201 10 1994 1994 NUM crl-25578 201 11 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 201 12 . . PUNCT crl-25578 202 1 guiding guide VERB crl-25578 202 2 students student NOUN crl-25578 202 3 along along ADP crl-25578 202 4 the the DET crl-25578 202 5 information information NOUN crl-25578 202 6 highway highway NOUN crl-25578 202 7 : : PUNCT crl-25578 202 8 librarians librarian NOUN crl-25578 202 9 collaborating collaborate VERB crl-25578 202 10 with with ADP crl-25578 202 11 composition composition NOUN crl-25578 202 12 instructors instructor NOUN crl-25578 202 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 203 1 journal journal PROPN crl-25578 203 2 of of ADP crl-25578 203 3 teaching teaching NOUN crl-25578 203 4 writing writing NOUN crl-25578 203 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 203 6 13(1 13(1 NUM crl-25578 203 7 & & CCONJ crl-25578 203 8 2 2 NUM crl-25578 203 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 203 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 203 11 225–236 225–236 NUM crl-25578 203 12 . . PUNCT crl-25578 204 1 * * PUNCT crl-25578 204 2 howard howard PROPN crl-25578 204 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 4 k. k. PROPN crl-25578 204 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 6 nicholas nicholas PROPN crl-25578 204 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 8 t. t. PROPN crl-25578 204 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 10 hayes hayes PROPN crl-25578 204 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 12 t. t. PROPN crl-25578 204 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 14 & & CCONJ crl-25578 204 15 appelt appelt PROPN crl-25578 204 16 , , PUNCT crl-25578 204 17 c.w c.w PROPN crl-25578 204 18 . . PROPN crl-25578 204 19 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 204 20 2014 2014 NUM crl-25578 204 21 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 204 22 . . PUNCT crl-25578 205 1 evaluating evaluate VERB crl-25578 205 2 one one NUM crl-25578 205 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 205 4 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 205 5 library library PROPN crl-25578 205 6 sessions session NOUN crl-25578 205 7 : : PUNCT crl-25578 205 8 impact impact NOUN crl-25578 205 9 on on ADP crl-25578 205 10 the the DET crl-25578 205 11 quality quality NOUN crl-25578 205 12 and and CCONJ crl-25578 205 13 diversity diversity NOUN crl-25578 205 14 of of ADP crl-25578 205 15 student student NOUN crl-25578 205 16 source source NOUN crl-25578 205 17 use use NOUN crl-25578 205 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 206 1 community community NOUN crl-25578 206 2 & & CCONJ crl-25578 206 3 junior junior PROPN crl-25578 206 4 college college PROPN crl-25578 206 5 libraries librarie VERB crl-25578 206 6 20(1–2 20(1–2 NUM crl-25578 206 7 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 206 8 27–38 27–38 NUM crl-25578 206 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 207 1 https://doi https://doi PROPN crl-25578 207 2 . . PUNCT crl-25578 207 3 org/10.1080/02763915.2014.1009749 org/10.1080/02763915.2014.1009749 PROPN crl-25578 208 1 hsieh hsieh PROPN crl-25578 208 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 208 3 m.l m.l PROPN crl-25578 208 4 . . PROPN crl-25578 208 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 208 6 dawson dawson PROPN crl-25578 208 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 208 8 p.h p.h PROPN crl-25578 208 9 . . PROPN crl-25578 208 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 208 11 & & CCONJ crl-25578 208 12 yang yang PROPN crl-25578 208 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 208 14 s.q s.q PROPN crl-25578 208 15 . . PUNCT crl-25578 208 16 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 208 17 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 208 18 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 208 19 . . PUNCT crl-25578 209 1 the the DET crl-25578 209 2 acrl acrl ADJ crl-25578 209 3 framework framework NOUN crl-25578 209 4 successes success NOUN crl-25578 209 5 and and CCONJ crl-25578 209 6 challenges challenge NOUN crl-25578 209 7 since since SCONJ crl-25578 209 8 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 209 9 : : PUNCT crl-25578 209 10 a a DET crl-25578 209 11 survey survey NOUN crl-25578 209 12 . . PUNCT crl-25578 210 1 journal journal PROPN crl-25578 210 2 of of ADP crl-25578 210 3 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 210 4 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25578 210 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 210 6 47(2 47(2 X crl-25578 210 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 210 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 211 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102306 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2020.102306 PROPN crl-25578 211 2 hsieh hsieh PROPN crl-25578 211 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 211 4 m.l m.l PROPN crl-25578 211 5 . . PROPN crl-25578 211 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 211 7 & & CCONJ crl-25578 211 8 holden holden PROPN crl-25578 211 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 211 10 h.a h.a PROPN crl-25578 211 11 . . PROPN crl-25578 211 12 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 211 13 2010 2010 NUM crl-25578 211 14 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 211 15 . . PUNCT crl-25578 212 1 the the DET crl-25578 212 2 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN crl-25578 212 3 of of ADP crl-25578 212 4 a a DET crl-25578 212 5 university university NOUN crl-25578 212 6 ’s ’s NUM crl-25578 212 7 single single ADJ crl-25578 212 8 - - PUNCT crl-25578 212 9 session session NOUN crl-25578 212 10 information information NOUN crl-25578 212 11 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 212 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 212 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 213 1 reference reference NOUN crl-25578 213 2 services service NOUN crl-25578 213 3 review review NOUN crl-25578 213 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 213 5 38(3 38(3 NUM crl-25578 213 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 213 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 213 8 458–473 458–473 NUM crl-25578 213 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 213 10 https://doi.org/10.1108/00907321011070937 https://doi.org/10.1108/00907321011070937 NOUN crl-25578 214 1 hurley hurley PROPN crl-25578 214 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 214 3 d.a d.a PROPN crl-25578 214 4 . . PROPN crl-25578 214 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 214 6 & & CCONJ crl-25578 214 7 potter potter PROPN crl-25578 214 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 214 9 r. r. PROPN crl-25578 214 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 214 11 2017 2017 NUM crl-25578 214 12 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 214 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 215 1 teaching teach VERB crl-25578 215 2 with with ADP crl-25578 215 3 the the DET crl-25578 215 4 framework framework NOUN crl-25578 215 5 : : PUNCT crl-25578 215 6 a a DET crl-25578 215 7 cephalonian cephalonian ADJ crl-25578 215 8 approach approach NOUN crl-25578 215 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 216 1 reference reference NOUN crl-25578 216 2 services service NOUN crl-25578 216 3 review review NOUN crl-25578 216 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 216 5 45(1 45(1 NUM crl-25578 216 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 216 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 216 8 117–130 117–130 NUM crl-25578 216 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 217 1 https://doi.org/10.1108/rsr-07-2016-0044 https://doi.org/10.1108/rsr-07-2016-0044 PROPN crl-25578 217 2 * * PUNCT crl-25578 217 3 hurst hurst PROPN crl-25578 217 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 217 5 s. s. PROPN crl-25578 217 6 & & CCONJ crl-25578 217 7 leonard leonard PROPN crl-25578 217 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 218 1 j. j. PROPN crl-25578 218 2 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 218 3 2007 2007 NUM crl-25578 218 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 218 5 . . PUNCT crl-25578 219 1 garbage garbage NOUN crl-25578 219 2 in in ADV crl-25578 219 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 219 4 garbage garbage VERB crl-25578 219 5 out out ADP crl-25578 219 6 : : PUNCT crl-25578 219 7 the the DET crl-25578 219 8 effect effect NOUN crl-25578 219 9 of of ADP crl-25578 219 10 library library NOUN crl-25578 219 11 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 219 12 on on ADP crl-25578 219 13 the the DET crl-25578 219 14 quality quality NOUN crl-25578 219 15 of of ADP crl-25578 219 16 students student NOUN crl-25578 219 17 ’ ’ PART crl-25578 219 18 term term NOUN crl-25578 219 19 papers paper NOUN crl-25578 219 20 . . PUNCT crl-25578 219 21 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 220 1 electronic electronic ADJ crl-25578 220 2 journal journal NOUN crl-25578 220 3 of of ADP crl-25578 220 4 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 220 5 and and CCONJ crl-25578 220 6 special special ADJ crl-25578 220 7 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25578 220 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 220 9 8(1 8(1 NOUN crl-25578 220 10 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 220 11 . . PUNCT crl-25578 221 1 http://southernlibrarianship http://southernlibrarianship NOUN crl-25578 221 2 . . PUNCT crl-25578 222 1 icaap.org/content/v08n01/hurst_s01.htm icaap.org/content/v08n01/hurst_s01.htm INTJ crl-25578 222 2 the the DET crl-25578 222 3 jamovi jamovi PROPN crl-25578 222 4 project project NOUN crl-25578 222 5 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 222 6 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 222 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 222 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 223 1 jamovi jamovi PROPN crl-25578 223 2 . . PUNCT crl-25578 224 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 224 2 version version NOUN crl-25578 224 3 1.6 1.6 NUM crl-25578 224 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 224 5 [ [ X crl-25578 224 6 computer computer NOUN crl-25578 224 7 software software NOUN crl-25578 224 8 ] ] PUNCT crl-25578 224 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 225 1 retrieved retrieve VERB crl-25578 225 2 from from ADP crl-25578 225 3 https://www.jamovi.org https://www.jamovi.org X crl-25578 225 4 * * PUNCT crl-25578 225 5 lantzy lantzy NOUN crl-25578 225 6 , , PUNCT crl-25578 225 7 t. t. PROPN crl-25578 225 8 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 225 9 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 225 10 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 225 11 . . PUNCT crl-25578 226 1 health health NOUN crl-25578 226 2 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 226 3 education education NOUN crl-25578 226 4 : : PUNCT crl-25578 226 5 the the DET crl-25578 226 6 impact impact NOUN crl-25578 226 7 of of ADP crl-25578 226 8 synchronous synchronous ADJ crl-25578 226 9 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 226 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 227 1 reference reference NOUN crl-25578 227 2 services service NOUN crl-25578 227 3 review review NOUN crl-25578 227 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 227 5 44(2 44(2 NUM crl-25578 227 6 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 227 7 100–121 100–121 NUM crl-25578 227 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 228 1 https://doi.org/10.1108/rsr-02-2016-0007 https://doi.org/10.1108/rsr-02-2016-0007 INTJ crl-25578 228 2 * * PUNCT crl-25578 228 3 martin martin PROPN crl-25578 228 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 228 5 j. j. PROPN crl-25578 228 6 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 228 7 2008 2008 NUM crl-25578 228 8 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 228 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 229 1 the the DET crl-25578 229 2 information information NOUN crl-25578 229 3 seeking seek VERB crl-25578 229 4 behavior behavior NOUN crl-25578 229 5 of of ADP crl-25578 229 6 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-25578 229 7 education education NOUN crl-25578 229 8 majors major NOUN crl-25578 229 9 : : PUNCT crl-25578 229 10 does do AUX crl-25578 229 11 library library NOUN crl-25578 229 12 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 229 13 play play VERB crl-25578 229 14 a a DET crl-25578 229 15 role role NOUN crl-25578 229 16 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 230 1 evidence evidence NOUN crl-25578 230 2 based base VERB crl-25578 230 3 library library PROPN crl-25578 230 4 and and CCONJ crl-25578 230 5 information information NOUN crl-25578 230 6 practice practice NOUN crl-25578 230 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 230 8 3(4 3(4 NUM crl-25578 230 9 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 230 10 . . 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PUNCT crl-25578 235 1 why why SCONJ crl-25578 235 2 one one NUM crl-25578 235 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 235 4 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 235 5 information information NOUN crl-25578 235 6 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 235 7 sessions session NOUN crl-25578 235 8 are be AUX crl-25578 235 9 not not PART crl-25578 235 10 the the DET crl-25578 235 11 future future NOUN crl-25578 235 12 of of ADP crl-25578 235 13 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 235 14 : : PUNCT crl-25578 235 15 a a DET crl-25578 235 16 case case NOUN crl-25578 235 17 for for ADP crl-25578 235 18 online online ADJ crl-25578 235 19 credit credit NOUN crl-25578 235 20 courses course NOUN crl-25578 235 21 . . PUNCT crl-25578 236 1 college college NOUN crl-25578 236 2 & & CCONJ crl-25578 236 3 research research PROPN crl-25578 236 4 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 236 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 236 6 73(4 73(4 NUM crl-25578 236 7 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 236 8 366–377 366–377 NUM crl-25578 236 9 . . X crl-25578 236 10 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-271 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl-271 PROPN crl-25578 236 11 nicholson nicholson PROPN crl-25578 236 12 , , PUNCT crl-25578 236 13 k.p k.p PROPN crl-25578 236 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 236 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 236 16 2016 2016 NUM crl-25578 236 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 236 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 237 1 “ " PUNCT crl-25578 237 2 taking take VERB crl-25578 237 3 back back ADP crl-25578 237 4 ” " PUNCT crl-25578 237 5 information information NOUN crl-25578 237 6 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 237 7 : : PUNCT crl-25578 237 8 time time NOUN crl-25578 237 9 and and CCONJ crl-25578 237 10 the the DET crl-25578 237 11 one one NUM crl-25578 237 12 - - PUNCT crl-25578 237 13 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 237 14 in in ADP crl-25578 237 15 the the DET crl-25578 237 16 neoliberal neoliberal ADJ crl-25578 237 17 university university NOUN crl-25578 237 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 238 1 in in ADP crl-25578 238 2 n. n. PROPN crl-25578 238 3 pagowsky pagowsky PROPN crl-25578 238 4 & & CCONJ crl-25578 238 5 k. k. PROPN crl-25578 238 6 mcelroy mcelroy PROPN crl-25578 238 7 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 238 8 eds ed NOUN crl-25578 238 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 238 10 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 238 11 , , PUNCT crl-25578 238 12 critical critical ADJ crl-25578 238 13 library library NOUN crl-25578 238 14 pedagogy pedagogy NOUN crl-25578 238 15 handbook handbook NOUN crl-25578 238 16 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 238 17 vol vol NOUN crl-25578 238 18 . . PROPN crl-25578 238 19 1 1 NUM crl-25578 238 20 , , PUNCT crl-25578 238 21 pp pp PROPN crl-25578 238 22 . . PUNCT crl-25578 238 23 25–39 25–39 NUM crl-25578 238 24 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 238 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 239 1 acrl acrl PROPN crl-25578 239 2 press press PROPN crl-25578 239 3 . . PUNCT crl-25578 240 1 pagowsky pagowsky PROPN crl-25578 240 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 240 3 n. n. PROPN crl-25578 240 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 240 5 2021 2021 NUM crl-25578 240 6 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 240 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 241 1 the the DET crl-25578 241 2 contested contested ADJ crl-25578 241 3 one one NUM crl-25578 241 4 - - PUNCT crl-25578 241 5 shot shot NOUN crl-25578 241 6 : : PUNCT crl-25578 241 7 deconstructing deconstruct VERB crl-25578 241 8 power power NOUN crl-25578 241 9 structures structure NOUN crl-25578 241 10 to to PART crl-25578 241 11 imagine imagine VERB crl-25578 241 12 new new ADJ crl-25578 241 13 futures future NOUN crl-25578 241 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 242 1 college college PROPN crl-25578 242 2 & & CCONJ crl-25578 242 3 research research PROPN crl-25578 242 4 libraries library NOUN crl-25578 242 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 242 6 82(3 82(3 NUM crl-25578 242 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 242 8 . . PUNCT crl-25578 243 1 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.3.300 https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.82.3.300 PROPN crl-25578 243 2 * * PROPN crl-25578 243 3 portmann portmann PROPN crl-25578 243 4 , , PUNCT crl-25578 243 5 c.a c.a PROPN crl-25578 243 6 . . PROPN crl-25578 243 7 , , PUNCT crl-25578 243 8 & & CCONJ crl-25578 243 9 roush roush PROPN crl-25578 243 10 , , PUNCT crl-25578 243 11 a.j a.j PROPN crl-25578 243 12 . . PROPN crl-25578 243 13 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 243 14 2004 2004 NUM crl-25578 243 15 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 243 16 . . PUNCT crl-25578 244 1 assessing assess VERB crl-25578 244 2 the the DET crl-25578 244 3 effects effect NOUN crl-25578 244 4 of of ADP crl-25578 244 5 library library NOUN crl-25578 244 6 instruction instruction NOUN crl-25578 244 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 245 1 journal journal PROPN crl-25578 245 2 of of ADP crl-25578 245 3 academic academic ADJ crl-25578 245 4 librarianship librarianship NOUN crl-25578 245 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 245 6 30(6 30(6 NUM crl-25578 245 7 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 245 8 461–465 461–465 NUM crl-25578 245 9 . . PUNCT crl-25578 246 1 r r NOUN crl-25578 246 2 core core NOUN crl-25578 246 3 team team NOUN crl-25578 246 4 . . PUNCT crl-25578 247 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 247 2 2020 2020 NUM crl-25578 247 3 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 247 4 . . PUNCT crl-25578 248 1 r r X crl-25578 248 2 : : PUNCT crl-25578 248 3 a a DET crl-25578 248 4 language language NOUN crl-25578 248 5 and and CCONJ crl-25578 248 6 environment environment NOUN crl-25578 248 7 for for ADP crl-25578 248 8 statistical statistical ADJ crl-25578 248 9 computing computing NOUN crl-25578 248 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 249 1 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 249 2 version version NOUN crl-25578 249 3 4.0 4.0 NUM crl-25578 249 4 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 250 1 [ [ X crl-25578 250 2 computer computer NOUN crl-25578 250 3 software software NOUN crl-25578 250 4 ] ] PUNCT crl-25578 250 5 . . PUNCT crl-25578 251 1 retrieved retrieve VERB crl-25578 251 2 from from ADP crl-25578 251 3 https://cran.r-project.org https://cran.r-project.org X crl-25578 251 4 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 251 5 r r NOUN crl-25578 251 6 packages package NOUN crl-25578 251 7 retrieved retrieve VERB crl-25578 251 8 from from ADP crl-25578 251 9 mran mran PROPN crl-25578 251 10 snapshot snapshot PROPN crl-25578 251 11 2020 2020 NUM crl-25578 251 12 - - PUNCT crl-25578 251 13 08 08 NUM crl-25578 251 14 - - SYM crl-25578 251 15 24 24 NUM crl-25578 251 16 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 251 17 . . PUNCT crl-25578 252 1 robertshaw robertshaw PROPN crl-25578 252 2 , , PUNCT crl-25578 252 3 m.b m.b PROPN crl-25578 252 4 . . PROPN crl-25578 252 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 252 6 & & CCONJ crl-25578 252 7 asher asher PROPN crl-25578 252 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 252 9 a. a. PROPN crl-25578 252 10 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 252 11 2019 2019 NUM crl-25578 252 12 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 252 13 . . PUNCT crl-25578 253 1 unethical unethical ADJ crl-25578 253 2 numbers number NOUN crl-25578 253 3 ? ? PUNCT crl-25578 254 1 a a DET crl-25578 254 2 meta meta NOUN crl-25578 254 3 - - PUNCT crl-25578 254 4 analysis analysis NOUN crl-25578 254 5 of of ADP crl-25578 254 6 library library NOUN crl-25578 254 7 learning learning NOUN crl-25578 254 8 analytics analytics PROPN crl-25578 254 9 studies study NOUN crl-25578 254 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 255 1 library library NOUN crl-25578 255 2 trends trend NOUN crl-25578 255 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 255 4 68(1 68(1 NUM crl-25578 255 5 ): ): PUNCT crl-25578 255 6 76–101 76–101 NUM crl-25578 255 7 . . PUNCT crl-25578 255 8 rosenblatt rosenblatt PROPN crl-25578 255 9 , , PUNCT crl-25578 255 10 s. s. PROPN crl-25578 255 11 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 255 12 2010 2010 NUM crl-25578 255 13 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 255 14 . . PUNCT crl-25578 256 1 they they PRON crl-25578 256 2 can can AUX crl-25578 256 3 find find VERB crl-25578 256 4 it it PRON crl-25578 256 5 but but CCONJ crl-25578 256 6 they they PRON crl-25578 256 7 do do AUX crl-25578 256 8 n’t not PART crl-25578 256 9 know know VERB crl-25578 256 10 what what PRON crl-25578 256 11 to to PART crl-25578 256 12 do do VERB crl-25578 256 13 with with ADP crl-25578 256 14 it it PRON crl-25578 256 15 : : PUNCT crl-25578 256 16 describing describe VERB crl-25578 256 17 the the DET crl-25578 256 18 use use NOUN crl-25578 256 19 of of ADP crl-25578 256 20 scholarly scholarly ADJ crl-25578 256 21 literature literature NOUN crl-25578 256 22 by by ADP crl-25578 256 23 undergraduate undergraduate ADJ crl-25578 256 24 students student NOUN crl-25578 256 25 . . PUNCT crl-25578 257 1 journal journal PROPN crl-25578 257 2 of of ADP crl-25578 257 3 information information NOUN crl-25578 257 4 literacy literacy NOUN crl-25578 257 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 257 6 4(2 4(2 NUM crl-25578 257 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 257 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 257 9 50–61 50–61 NUM crl-25578 257 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 257 11 https://doi.org/10.11645/4.2.1486 https://doi.org/10.11645/4.2.1486 PROPN crl-25578 257 12 rosenthal rosenthal PROPN crl-25578 257 13 , , PUNCT crl-25578 257 14 r. r. PROPN crl-25578 257 15 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 257 16 1979 1979 NUM crl-25578 257 17 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 257 18 . . PUNCT crl-25578 258 1 the the DET crl-25578 258 2 file file NOUN crl-25578 258 3 drawer drawer NOUN crl-25578 258 4 problem problem NOUN crl-25578 258 5 and and CCONJ crl-25578 258 6 tolerance tolerance NOUN crl-25578 258 7 for for ADP crl-25578 258 8 null null ADJ crl-25578 258 9 results result NOUN crl-25578 258 10 . . 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PUNCT crl-25578 263 1 annual annual ADJ crl-25578 263 2 review review NOUN crl-25578 263 3 of of ADP crl-25578 263 4 psychology psychology NOUN crl-25578 263 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 263 6 70(1 70(1 NUM crl-25578 263 7 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 263 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 263 9 747–770 747–770 NUM crl-25578 263 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 264 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803 NOUN crl-25578 264 2 sobel sobel PROPN crl-25578 264 3 , , PUNCT crl-25578 264 4 k. k. PROPN crl-25578 264 5 , , PUNCT crl-25578 264 6 & & CCONJ crl-25578 264 7 sugimoto sugimoto PROPN crl-25578 264 8 , , PUNCT crl-25578 264 9 c.r c.r PROPN crl-25578 264 10 . . PUNCT crl-25578 264 11 ( ( PUNCT crl-25578 264 12 2012 2012 NUM crl-25578 264 13 ) ) PUNCT crl-25578 264 14 . . 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