College and Research Libraries i n g r a c i s m ; a n d t h i s r e a d i n g m a t t e r i s i n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e d u a l w o r l d i n w h i c h g r e a t d e m a n d i n t h e l i b r a r i e s . A f e w h e l i v e s . I t c a n h e l p h i m t o a c q u i r e t e c h - o f t h e c o l l e g e s a r e d e v e l o p i n g s p e c i a l c o l - n i q u e s o f a d j u s t m e n t a n d s t a b i l i t y i n a l e c t i o n s a n d a r e h e l p i n g w h i t e a n d c o l o r e d w o r l d b a s e d u p o n c a s t e d u e t o r a c e a n d p a t r o n s t o o b t a i n r e l i a b l e a n d v a l i d i n - c o l o r , w h i l e h e l i v e s a t t h e s a m e t i m e o n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e r a c e . t h e t h r e s h o l d o f c h a n g e , r e a d y t o c r o s s N e g r o e d u c a t i o n m u s t b e m a d e r e a l i s t i c , i n t o n e w o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r f r e e d o m a n d T h e l i b r a r y s t a n d s i n a n e x c e l l e n t p o s i - e q u a l i t y . — W a l t e r G. Daniel, Howard t i o n t o a s s i s t t h e s t u d e n t i n o b t a i n i n g a n University Library, W ashington, D.C. Hispanic Source Materials and Research Organisations Handbook of Hispanic Source Materials and Research Organizations in the United States. E d i t e d b y R o n a l d H i l - t o n . W i t h a f o r e w o r d b y H e r b e r t J . P r i e s t l e y . P r e p a r e d u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e B a n c r o f t L i b r a r y . T o r o n t o , U n i - v e r s i t y o f T o r o n t o P r e s s , 1 9 4 2 . 1 1., x i v , 4 4 1 p . L i t h o g r a p h e d f r o m t y p e - s c r i p t . T H I S V O L U M E r e c o r d s t h e r e s u l t s o f a t o u r o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s b y P r o f e s s o r H i l t o n o n a C o m m o n w e a l t h F u n d f e l l o w - s h i p i n 1 9 3 8 a n d i s n e c e s s a r i l y t o b e u s e d w i t h t h a t d a t e i n m i n d . I t i s a s u m m a r y o f m a t e r i a l s r e l a t i n g t o t h e c u l t u r e a n d a c h i e v e m e n t s o f t h e H i s p a n i c p e o p l e s a t h o m e a n d a b r o a d , i n t h e o l d w o r l d a n d t h e n e w , a s f o u n d i n l i b r a r i e s , m u s e u m s , p r i v a t e c o l l e c t i o n s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . I n s t r u c t i v e , s t i m u l a t i n g , c h a s t e n i n g , c h a l l e n g i n g , i t s e r v e s a s a f r i e n d l y a n d e x p e r i e n c e d g u i d e , s o u n d i n g a b u g l e c a l l f o r t h o u g h t a s t o f i t t i n g u s e o f t h e m a t e r i a l h e r e r e c o r d e d . I t b r i n g s t o m i n d t h o u g h t s o f t h e h o m e - l a n d a n d o f t h e e a r l y c a v e d w e l l e r s w i t h t h e i r p r i m i t i v e w a l l p a i n t i n g s ; o f t h e w e s t w a r d m o v e m e n t o f v e n t u r e s o m e s p i r i t s f r o m P h o e n i c i a , ex oriente lux; o f H a n - n i b a l a n d h i s l e g i o n s , o f R o m a n c u l t u r e s p r e a d t o t h e w e s t w a r d ; o f t h e S e n e c a s , T r a j a n , o t h e r w o r t h i e s f r o m H i s p a n i a ; o f g r e a t i n v a s i o n w a v e s w e l d i n g t h o s e w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d b l o o d a n d l i n g u i s t i c s t o c k s s o f i r m l y a n d s o d i v e r g e n t l y i n a c o m b i n a t i o n a t o n c e u n i f i e d a n d fiercely i n d i v i d u a l i s t i c ; o f t h e s t r u g g l e f o r d o m i - n a n c e b e t w e e n M e c c a a n d R o m e ; o f t h e t r e m e n d o u s i n f l u e n c e o f t h e v i c t o r y o f R o m e a s s h o w n i n t h e l i f e a n d t h o u g h t , i n t h e b u i l d i n g s a n d a r t ; o f h o w t h a t n e w p r o d u c t o f t h e F a r E a s t — p a p e r — w a s f i r s t m a d e i n E u r o p e a t J a t i v a ; o f h o w s l o w w a s t h e p r o g r e s s o f p r i n t i n g a n d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f n a t i v e p r i n t e r s ; o f t h e s t i r i n y o u t h f u l b l o o d a s t h e s h i p s o f H e n r y t h e N a v i g a t o r d r o v e t h r o u g h u n c h a r t e d s o u t h e r n s e a s ; o f t h e s p r e a d o f t h e p e n i n s u l a s p e o p l e o v e r t h e n e w - f o u n d W e s t e r n W o r l d a n d t h e w h o l e o f O c e - a n i c a i n t h a t a m a z i n g a g e o f d i s c o v e r y ; o f h o w P h i l i p t h e S e c o n d a n d C h a r l e s t h e F i f t h r u l e d a n d g u i d e d a n d g o v e r n e d s o b r e a t h t a k i n g a p a r t o f t h e w o r l d ; o f h o w B r i t i s h a n d F r e n c h f o u g h t i n t h e p e n i n s u l a ; o f t h e c o u n t r y a s a b a t t l e - g r o u n d i n o u r o w n a n d r e c e n t g e n e r a - t i o n s ; o f h o w a c o n s t a n t s c e n e o f p a s t o r a l l i f e c o m b i n e d w i t h p o l i t i c a l a n d m i l i t a r y u p h e a v a l s t o l a y b e f o r e u s a t a l e a n d r e c o r d a l m o s t w i t h o u t p a r a l l e l t h e w i d e w o r l d o v e r ; o f h o w c o m m a n d i n g a r e i t s v 270 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES f i g u r e s i n l i t e r a t u r e a n d a r t , i n c r a f t s - m a n s h i p a n d n a v i g a t i o n , i n t h e a d m i r a t i o n o f m e n o f a l l n a t i o n s a n d a l l t i m e s ; o f a p e o p l e g e n t l e a n d c r u e l , k i n d l y a n d i n t o l - e r a n t , f i e r c e l y i n d i v i d u a l i s t i c a n d d o c i l e l y o b e d i e n t , v i r i l e , q u i c k o f p e r c e p t i o n a n d r e a c t i o n , a t o n c e n a r r o w a n d c o s m i c i n o u t l o o k . V e r i l y t h e a c h i e v e m e n t s a r e g r e a t , a s a l s o t h e p r o s p e c t s f o r t h e f u t u r e . T h i s s u r v e y c a l l s f o r t h a n k s t o t h e f u n d t h a t m a d e i t p o s s i b l e , t o t h e m a n t h a t c a r r i e d i t t h r o u g h a n d p u t t h e r e s u l t s b e f o r e u s , t o t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s t h a t e n c o u r - a g e d a n d p u b l i s h e d i t . The Handbook T h e e m p h a s i s i s o n t h e h u m a n i t i e s a n d t h e a r t s a n d s o c i a l s c i e n c e s . T h e r e a r e o c c a s i o n a l r e f e r e n c e s t o t h e n a t u r a l s c i - e n c e s b u t t h e y a r e f a r f r o m e q u a l i n s c o p e o r i m p o r t a n c e . A s u p p l e m e n t i s p r o m i s e d , t o c o r r e c t e r r o r s i n m i s t a k e n i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , t o a d d n e w m a t e r i a l , a n d " o n t h e b a s i s o f t h i s c o m p l e t e d w o r k , a c o n s p e c t u s o f t h e w h o l e f i e l d a r r a n g e d a c - c o r d i n g t o s u b j e c t m a t t e r . " T h e p r e s e n t a r r a n g e m e n t i s a l p h a b e t i c a l b y s t a t e s , A r i z o n a t o W i s c o n s i n ; f o l l o w e d b y " O r g a n i z a t i o n s , e t c . , w i t h o u t s p e c i f i c l o c a t i o n , " f r o m " A m e r i c a n H i s t o r i c a l A s - s o c i a t i o n " t o " W h o ' s W h o i n L a t i n A m e r i c a ; " u n d e r e a c h s t a t e a l p h a b e t i c a l l y a c c o r d i n g t o c i t y o r t o w n . T h e i n d e x g i v e s e x t e n s i v e a n d s a t i s f a c - t o r y a t t e n t i o n t o n a m e s o f p e r s o n s a n d p l a c e s , t o u c h e s o n s o m e t o p i c s , b u t a s a g u i d e t o s u b j e c t m a t t e r s l e a v e s m u c h t o b e d e s i r e d . B a s k e t m a k e r s , f o r i n s t a n c e , a r e e n t e r e d , b u t n o t a w o r d f o r s u c h t o p i c s a s a g r i c u l t u r e , b o t a n y , c e n s o r s h i p , d a n c e s , e n g r a v i n g , f i n a n c e s , f o l k l o r e o r f o l k a r t o r f o l k m u s i c , g r a p h i c a r t s , t h e I n q u i s i t i o n , l a b o r , l a n d t e n u r e , m i n i n g , m u s i c , n a v i g a t i o n , l a w s , p o t t e r y , p r i n t i n g , t e x t i l e s , r a c e p r o b l e m s , a d o z e n o t h e r s t h a t c o m e t o m i n d . T h i s i9 n o t s a i d t o c o m p l a i n o f t h e i n d e x b u t r a t h e r t o c a l l a t t e n t i o n t o t h e l a r g e r p r o b l e m t h e v o l u m e p o s e s — n a m e l y , t h e c r y i n g n e e d f o r a s t u d y o f t h e s o u r c e m a t e r i a l i n t h i s c o u n t r y f o r r e s e a r c h i n t h e w h o l e f i e l d o f H i s p a n i c l i f e a n d c u l - t u r e , m o r e e s p e c i a l l y o r m o r e t i m e l y i n t h e L a t i n A m e r i c a n f i e l d . T h i s g u i d e i s b e f o r e u s . H o w b e s t i s i t a n d t h e m a t e r i a l i t r e c o r d s t o b e u s e d ? I t s h o w s p l a i n l y a n d u n m i s t a k a b l y h o w i n s i s t e n t i s t h e d e m a n d f o r a r e p o r t o n a n d a g u i d e t o t h e g u i d e s t o a n d i n d e x e s o f H i s p a n i c a n d L a t i n A m e r i c a n m a t e r i a l i n t h i s c o u n t r y , p r i n t e d o r m a n u s c r i p t . G o o d s u b j e c t g u i d e s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r s o m e l i b r a r i e s , s u c h a s t h e N e w b e r r y i n C h i c a g o a n d t h e p u b l i c l i b r a r y i n N e w Y o r k C i t y . S o t o o g u i d e s t o p a r t i c u l a r l o c a l i t i e s s u c h a s t h e D o w n s ' Resources of Southern Libraries: A Survey of Fa- cilities for Research ( 1 9 3 8 ) , a n d Re- sources of New York City Libraries ( 1 9 4 2 ) . A n d H a r v a r d , C o r n e l l , B o s t o n P u b l i c , a n d o t h e r l i b r a r i e s h a v e t o t h e i r c r e d i t e x c e l l e n t b u l l e t i n s , h a n d b o o k s , c a t a - l o g s o f g e n e r a l a n d s p e c i a l c o l l e c t i o n s . Other Sources T h e c a t a l o g s o f t h e J o h n C a r t e r B r o w n L i b r a r y h a v e b e e n a s o u r c e o f h e l p h e r e f o r a g e n e r a t i o n a n d m o r e , s o f a r a s p r i n t e d m a t e r i a l i s c o n c e r n e d . A n d i n 1 9 2 8 - 3 0 t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a b r o u g h t o u t i t s t w o v o l u m e s o f Spain and Spanish America in the Libraries of the University of California, t h i s l i k e w i s e c o n - f i n e d t o p r i n t e d m a t e r i a l . T h e n w e h a v e t h e Guide to the Latin American Manuscripts in the University of Texas Library, c o m p i l e d b y C a r l o s E . JUNE, 1944 24 7 C a s t a n e d a a n d J a c k A u t r e y D o b b s , i s s u e d a s M i s c e l l a n e o u s P u b l i c a t i o n s N u m b e r I o f t h e C o m m i t t e e o n L a t i n A m e r i c a n S t u d i e s o f t h e A m e r i c a n C o u n c i l o f L e a r n e d S o c i e t i e s ( C a m b r i d g e , H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 3 9 ) ; t h e v a r i o u s W . P . A . g u i d e s t o t h e M e x i c a n p a m p h l e t s i n t h e S u t r o b r a n c h o f t h e C a l i f o r n i a S t a t e L i b r a r y a t S a n F r a n c i s c o ; M a n u e l S . C a r d o z o ' s " G u i d e t o t h e M a n u s c r i p t s i n t h e L i m a L i b r a r y , C a t h o l i c U n i v e r s i t y o f A m e r i c a , " C a m b r i d g e , 1 9 4 1 ( i n Hand- book of Latin American Studies, N o . 6 ) . T h e N e w Y o r k H i s t o r i c a l S o c i e t y p r i n t e d i n i t s Quarterly Bulletin f o r J a n u - a r y 1 9 4 4 a s u m m a r y o f " L a t i n A m e r i c a n a i n t h e S o c i e t y ' s C o l l e c t i o n s , " a n d b u t f e w m o n t h s b e f o r e t h a t a p p e a r e d " B o o k s o n L a t i n A m e r i c a a n d I t s A r t i n t h e M e t r o - p o l i t a n M u s e u m o f A r t L i b r a r y , " c o m - p i l e d b y J o h n B . M o n t i g n a n i ( a s s i s t a n t l i b r a r i a n ) , a c l a s s i f i e d a r r a n g e m e n t o f t i t l e s o f b o o k s i n t h i s f i e l d a s o f J u l y 3 1 , 1943. A l l m o s t c o m m e n d a b l e , d e c i d e d l y e n - c o u r a g i n g . B u t t h e p o i n t i s t h a t n o w h e r e i s t h e r e i n o n e s i n g l e , c e n t r a l p l a c e a g u i d e t o t h e p r i n t e d o r m a n u s c r i p t g u i d e s a n d m a t e r i a l w e n o w h a v e i n s u c h w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d f o r m a n d p l a c e s . S t a t e t h e s i t u a t i o n , a n d t h e n e e d f o r a c t i o n i s s p o k e n a t o n c e . N o c a l l f o r d i s c u s s i o n . T h e n e e d i s f o r a c t i o n . A n o t h e r o b v i o u s q u e s t i o n r i s e s — n a m e l y , " W h a t i s t o b e d o n e w i t h t h i s g u i d e o r i n d e x o n c e i t i s f a s h i o n e d a n d s e t b e f o r e u s ? " H o w c a n t h e u n e x p l o r e d a n d u n d i s - c o v e r e d s e c t i o n s a n d c o r n e r s b e s t b e s t u d i e d ? T o a c e r t a i n e x t e n t f u t u r e s t u d i e s w i l l d e p e n d p a r t l y o n c i r c u m s t a n c e , p a r t l y o n f o r t u n a t e p e r s o n a l o r i n d i v i d u a l l e a n i n g s o r p r e j u d i c e s o r i n t e r e s t s , p a r t l y o n h e a l t h y a n d c o m m e n d a b l e c u r i o s i t y , l a r g e l y o n h o w i n t e l l i g e n t l y t h e s e v a r i o u s i n t e r e s t s c a n b e g u i d e d a n d c o n t r o l l e d . I s i t t o o m u c h t o e x p e c t o r t o h o p e t h a t s o m e m e a n s m a y b e d e v e l o p e d o r f o u n d t o s k e t c h i n g e n e r a l o u t l i n e s s o m e o f t h e r e g i o n s w o r t h y o f e x p l o r a t i o n ? T o s u g g e s t s o m e o f t h e u n a n s w e r e d q u e s t i o n s w o r t h y o f c o n s i d e r a t i o n b y s e e k e r s a f t e r k n o w l e d g e , b y s t u d e n t s o f a r t f o r a r t ' s s a k e , o r e v e n b y c a n d i d a t e s i n q u e s t o f h i g h e r d e g r e e s f o r m a t e r i a l o r p r o f e s s i o n a l a d v a n c e ? I s i t t o o m u c h t o a s k i f t h e s c h o l a r s a n d i n v e s t i g a t o r s b l e s s e d w i t h a r e c o r d o f p a s t p e r f o r m a n c e a n d w i t h a p e r s p e c t i v e b a s e d o n y e a r s o f t r i a l a n d e r r o r c a n s k e t c h f o r t h e y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n p h a s e s o f t h i s o p p o r t u n i t y f o r i n v e s t i g a t i o n w o r t h y o f t h e i r a t t e n t i o n ? S o m e o f u s h o p e s o m e s u c h f r i e n d l y o r f a t h e r l y a d v i c e a n d l e a d i n g m a y b e a t h a n d . A n d n o w , f o r a n e v e n m o r e s p e c i f i c q u e s t i o n : G r a n t t h a t t h e h a p p y t i m e h a s a r r i v e d w h e n w e h a v e b e f o r e u s a s a t i s f a c t o r y a n d c o m p r e h e n s i v e r e c o r d o f s o u r c e m a t e r i a l i n t h i s c o u n t r y , h a v e a l s o a n e f f e c t i v e a n d s y m p a t h e t i c a n d s t i m u l a t i n g g u i d a n c e a n d c o n t r o l o f n e w fields o f e x p l o r a t i o n a n d n e w e x p e d i t i o n s i n t o a n d o v e r t h o s e fields. W h a t t h e n ? S h a l l w e s t o p , c o n t e n t t o v i e w w i t h p r i d e t h e n e w p i e c e o f f r u i t ? T h e a n s w e r i s p l a i n , b u t n o t s o s i m p l e a r e t h e m e a n s a n d m e t h o d s . H o w n o t e c u r - r e n t a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e s e fields, c u r r e n t a d - d i t i o n s t o o u r s t o c k o f k n o w l e d g e ? I f I r e a d i t c o r r e c t l y t h e w r i t i n g o n t h e w a l l p l e a d s f o r j o i n t a c t i o n , f o r p o o l - i n g o f i n f o r m a t i o n , f o r s y s t e m a t i c a n - n o u n c e m e n t o f i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h i s k i n d b y s u c h p u b l i c a t i o n s a s t h e Handbook of Latin American Studies, the Hispanic v 272 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES American Historical Review, the Inter- American Bibliographical Review, the Re- vista Hispanica Moderna, the Revista Iberoamericana of the Instituto Interna- cional de Literatura Iberoamericana, the Revista Interamericana of the Instituto de Asuntos Interamericanos, Universidad de Florida, and the other similar publications of the Hispanic peninsula and the W e s t e r n W o r l d . Comprehensive gathering and systematic publication at regular intervals in one or more journals of this kind w i l l mark a l o n g stride toward help f o r research and investigation. It will furnish news about studies in process, about their progress, about the finished results. It all calls f o r thought and attention, f o r the matching of mind with mind. It faced us l o n g ago. T h e need f o r solution is n o w all the more clearly proclaimed by the compilation and appearance of D r . H i l t o n ' s handbook. M a y action and solu- tion come s o o n . — H a r r y Miller Lyden- berg, A.L.A. International Relations Of- fice, Washington, D.C. L.C. Subject Headings Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogs of the Library of Congress. Fourth edition. Edited by M a r y W i l s o n M a c N a i r . U . S. G o v e r n m e n t Printing Office, 1943. 2 v . Cumulated Supplement, 1941-1943; January 1944 Supplement. H . W . W i l s o n C o m p a n y , 1944. 2 no. Subject Headings has l o n g been k n o w n not only as a guide to the cataloging prac- tice of the Library of Congress but also as a general index to its classification schedules. Publication of the present ( f o u r t h ) edition, listing subjects and ref- erences as of D e c . 31, 1940, is of unusual importance. T h e first v o l u m e c o n f o r m s to the pattern of previous editions and consists of subjects f o l l o w e d by classification numbers and references to related headings. T h e second v o l u m e lists, f o r the first time, the " r e f e r f r o m " references under the headings to which they refer. Catalogers have been asking f o r this special section f o r many years. It is an invaluable guide and timesaver. M a r y W i l s o n M a c N a i r , editor of all f o u r editions, has earned the gratitude of librarians by her devoted labors in this exacting field and by her willingness to take on a heavy additional burden in order to c o m p l y with the request of catalogers f o r the n e w section. M i s s M a c N a i r is k n o w n not only f o r the high quality of her editorial w o r k but also f o r her im- pressive contributions to the cataloging of periodicals. H e r retirement, recently an- nounced, is a matter of deep regret to the library profession. Printing of the first edition of the L i - brary of Congress Subject Headings was begun in 1909 under the direction of the chief of the C a t a l o g Division, the late James C . M . Hanson, under whose editor- ship Catalog Rules, Author and Title Entries had appeared the previous year. T h e edition was completed in 1914 under the direction of Charles M a r t e l , w h o suc- ceeded M r . H a n s o n as chief of the Cata- l o g D i v i s i o n ; and it was under his super- vision that the second edition appeared in 1919, the third in 1928. D a v i d J . Haykin, chief of the Subject Cataloging Division, says in his introduc- tion to the fourth e d i t i o n : JUNE, 1944 24 7