College and Research Libraries regular periodical press, and wider distribu- tion and much better bibliographic access as well. But they should not be published as a group unless they consti~ute a tightly orga- nized contribution to a specific subject of importance which has not been otherwise treated so well. Some of the individual papers in this sym- posia are important . and deserve both better company and better format. One of these is Newton Edwards' 1'Historic Relationships of Colleges and Universities to the Communities and Societies in Which They Have Flour- ished," a cogent and significant statement of the responsibilities of higher educ~tion in all times. Another is J. D. Williams' "Adult Educa- tion Activities in the Liberal Arts College." When the administration and faculty of Mar- shall College became conscious of the basic problem of misunderstanding between labor, management, and the public, it was proposed -to hold a· meeting with representation from the college faculty, labor, and management. Labor was enthusiastic; management was not and proposed that two separate meetings be held, one attended by management and the college officials, the other attended by labor and the college officials. · The results were more than gratifying: "The respect exhibited by the faculty m~mbers for these men when they left was good to see, and the increased respect felt by these guests for the 'long-haired .professors' was just as satisfying." A "Historical Survey of Faculty Participa- tion in University Government in the United States" by George G. Bogert is followed by an ·apparently impromptu debate between Ernest C. Colwell, president of the University of- Chicago, and Ralph E. Himstead, general secretary of the American Association of U ni- versity Professors, on the general topic of faculty participation. The two men are really not so very far apart in their views but are so much on the defensive of their ex officio positions that they offer little that is new or enlightening, to the historical survey pre- viously presented by Profes or Bogert. In addition to these matters, three papers are devoted to the general subject of counsel- ing, particularly of veterans and war workers, two to the improvement of senior college curricula, and one to university extension. All of these, and those discussed above, are the concern of higher education, may indeed be responsibilities of higher education , but to give these, and these only, the title of Emer- gen t Responsibilities in -Higher Education , is to overburden seriously the semantics of the English language and to just as seriously underrate the importance of higher education jn America.-LeRoy C. Merritt. Research in the South Research and Regional Welfare,· Papers Pre- sented at a Conference on Research at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill May 9-IO-II, 1945. Edited by Robert E. Coker, with a foreword by Louis R. Wilson. ( U niversi,ty of North Carolina Sesquicentennial Publications, Louis R. Wilson, Director) Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1946. xvi, 229P· In celebration of its one hundred and fif- tieth· anniversary, the University of North Carolina embarked upon a series of publica- tions relating to most phases of the univer- sity's work. These seventeen volumes, pub- lished or projected, give greatest emphasis to the various aspects of research activities by the university. Research and Regional Welfare is a collec- tion of papers presented at a conference on JANUARY, 1947 research held at the University of North Carolina in May 1945. The conference pro- gram was arranged and the volume of papers edited by Robert E. Coker, Kenan Professor ·of Zoology at the University of North Caro- lina. Coming as it did , just after V-E day, the conference record bears many evidences of the tensions and emphasis of a war period. The range of subjects discussed was wide, from nutrition to literature, from fish culture to marketing. In general, the topics dis- cussed were suggestive of fields in which r~search would promote the welfare of the Southern regions as defined by Odum. There was no attempt to outline all needed research but rather to call attention to the possible values of research to the South. The im- plications for resources for research in the South, however, are evident. 93 A varied and notable group of persons par- ticipated in presenting the .fifteen papers, in- cluding one state governor, three university presidents, two university professors, and three representatives each of private research foundations, industrial corporations, and the federal government. That such a large por- tion of the papers were from nonacademic sources may appear queer unless the observer realizes that research in universities is today only a small fraction of the total research be- ing done. Universities maintain their posi- tion as research institutions largely through their emphasis on "pure research" into the fundamental nature of things which forms a philosophical and methodological basis for much of the "applied research" done by in- dustry. ' The viewpoint predominating the papers under review was that of the researcher ex- ploring the fields of science and technology for processes which might bring about an indus- trial and economic revolution in the South. This point of view can be safely reduced to a four-part syllogism: Research is essential to industry; Industry is essential to economic prosperity; Economic prosperity is essential to Southern welfare; Therefore, research is essential to Southern welfare. References to this proposition are made , in most of the papers; for example, Milton Fies, consulting engineer and trustee of the Southern Research Institute, points out that to persons in the territory east of the .Missis- sippi and north of the Ohio, there were granted 78 per cent of all patents issued from 1934 to 1944, while to perso'ns in the South: east there were granted only 3 per cent. Dur- ing the same period, 89 per cent of the in- dustrial research occurred -in the Northeast, against . 2 per cent in the Southeast. The relation between these two items of patents and research is not one of chance. Attention is called ~t many points to the fact that the Southeast constitutes, perhaps, the greatest untapped source of raw materials in the United States. That these natural re- sources have not been developed can in most cases be traced to some deficiency in our technological information _which can be sup- plied only by research. To cite one example, the Southeast fails to produce enough oeef to supply its own needs, yet it is the most rural section of the country. There has been much emphasis on developing a beef cattle industry, but two difficulties interpose serious economic hurdles. First, there has not yet been developed a local source of starchy feed to compete successfully with corn grown in Iowa; and second, there are endemic para- sitic diseases retarding cattle growth which have not yet been controlled . . Research may in time overcome these difficulties. Yet among the papers were two which dropped words of caution. Research, these men felt, has a moral responsibility. "More funds for research is not enough," David ·~. Lilienthal: of T.V.A., states. "More fine laboratories, more extensive projects in social research are not enough. Unless research and technology are consciously related to a central purpose of human welfare, unless re- search is defined and directed by those who believe in and who have faith in people and in democratic ends and means, it may well be that the more money we spend on research the further we miss the mark." How much truer in this post-atomic bomb era! Mr. Lilienthal's comments suggest, but do not mention, the conflict for control of re- search now going on. There are those who fear that industry, if given complete control over research, might not use that research tor social welfan~, while there are those who have equal fears of governmental control. The second note of caution comes from Avery Craven, of the University of Chicago. "Happiness is not entirely a matter of things," he warns, "it is more than prosperity. It has to do with a way of life and a set of values. Traditions cannot be ignored without cost and the South by merely becoming like the in- dustrial North will ~ot automatically end all her troubles or gain all satisfaction." The volume, Research and Regional W el- fare, presents a prospectus for a broad and concerted research program for southern de- velopment, similar in many respects to the research program of the -Pacific Northwest. Every person interested in the economic and social conditions of the South should read these fifteen essays. They contain many thought-provoking ideas for librarians who are in any way associated with research.- Ralph H. Parker. 94 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES