College and Research Libraries t h a t he h a s m a d e in developing t h e i r ability to a n a l y z e l i b r a r y p r o b l e m s . I n t h e s u r v e y of t h e l i b r a r i e s of t h e A l a - b a m a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e , D e a n W i l s o n and M r . O r r p r o v i d e a w o r k a b l e b l u e p r i n t of l i b r a r y action f o r t h e f u t u r e . T h e s u r v e y o r s display a keen g r a s p of t h e n u m e r o u s and v a r i e d p r o b l e m s of an e x p a n d i n g l a n d - g r a n t i n s t i t u t i o n and s u g g e s t c o n s t r u c t i v e s o l u t i o n s w h i c h should be u n d e r s t a n d a b l e to t h e a d - m i n i s t r a t i o n and l i b r a r y staff of A . P . I . T h e s u r v e y is also n o t a b l e f o r its inclusion of u p - t o - d a t e d e v e l o p m e n t s in l i b r a r y p r a c t i c e as applied t o t h e A . P . I , s i t u a t i o n . T h e r e a p p e a r s to be n o q u e s t i o n t h a t m a n y of t h e l a n d - g r a n t college l i b r a r i e s h a v e n o t f a r e d t o o well in s u p p o r t , collections, buildings, p e r s o n - nel a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n . A n u m b e r of t h e find- ings of D e a n W i l s o n a n d M r . O r r a r e s i m i l a r t o those g a t h e r e d a t t h e V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i t u t e l i b r a r i e s , w h i c h w e r e s u r v e y e d r e c e n t l y by W i l l i a m H . J e s s e a n d y o u r r e v i e w e r . 1 T h e W i l s o n - O r r r e p o r t s h o u l d aid c o n s i d e r a b l y in t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g of l a n d - g r a n t college l i b r a r y p r o b l e m s . T h e aimlessness in s o m e l a n d - g r a n t college l i b r a r y p r o g r a m s s h o u l d n o t be a l l o w e d to c o n t i n u e . I t is p e r h a p s w o r t h n o t i n g t h a t t h e A . P . I , s u r v e y is a t t r a c t i v e l y p r i n t e d , in a d d i t i o n t o being w e l l o r g a n i z e d a n d w e l l w r i t t e n . I t can be used to a d v a n t a g e by l i b r a r i a n s of o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , especially l a n d - g r a n t col- leges, w h o a r e c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e i r l i b r a r y p r o g r a m s . T h e N e w H a m p s h i r e s u r v e y by D r . M c C a r t h y c o n s i d e r s detailed p r o b l e m s of gov- e r n m e n t a n d a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , services, collec- tions, p e r s o n n e l , b u d g e t and b u d g e t p r o c e d u r e , and building. D r . M c C a r t h y d e m o n s t r a t e s t h a t he h a s a c l e a r recognition of t h e l i b r a r y p r o b l e m s a t N e w H a m p s h i r e , and his r e c o m - m e n d a t i o n s f o r i m p r o v i n g t h e services a r e m o d e r a t e and t h o u g h t f u l . O n e of t h e best s t a t e m e n t s this r e v i e w e r h a s seen on " T h e P l a c e of t h e L i b r a r y in t h e U n i v e r s i t y " ap- p e a r s in Section I X . A l t h o u g h D r . M c - C a r t h y does n o t employ t h e m e t h o d of s t a t i s t i c a l c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , he uses s t a n d a r d s w h e r e v e r n e c e s s a r y in o r d e r to p r o v i d e a basis f o r r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s . T h e r e p o r t s h o u l d p r o v e h e l p f u l to t h e N e w H a m p s h i r e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n in its s o l u t i o n of its l i b r a r y p r o b l e m s . — M a u r i c e F. Tauber, Columbia University. L.C. Subject Headings Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogs of the Library of Congress. 5th ed. E d i t e d by N e l l a J a n e M a r t i n . W a s h - ington, U . S . G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g Office, 1948, viii, 1204P. $6.50. A c o m p l e t e l y n e w f o r m a t w h i c h s h o u l d en- h a n c e its efficiency and u s e f u l n e s s d i s t i n g u i s h e s t h e f i f t h edition of t h e L i b r a r y of C o n g r e s s s u b j e c t list f o r w h i c h l i b r a r i a n s h a v e been w a i t i n g since mid-1947. T h r o u g h t h e use of d o u b l e c o l u m n s on a l a r g e r page, s u i t a b l e a b b r e v i a t i o n s , and a s m a l l e r , t h o u g h easily legible type f a c e , t h e s u b j e c t h e a d i n g list h a s been confined t o a single v o l u m e . A l t h o u g h t h e r e s u l t i n g book is bulky, its eight p o u n d s only exceeds t h e w e i g h t of t h e f i r s t v o l u m e of t h e f o u r t h edition by one, and this edition is f a r m o r e c o n v e n i e n t to use. 1 T a u b e r , M a u r i c e F . a n d J e s s e , W i l l i a m H . Report of a Survey of the Libraries of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, for the Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Janu- ary-May, 1949. B l a c k s b u r g , V i r g i n i a P o l y t e c h n i c I n s t i - t u t e , 1949. I 2 0 P . By u s i n g b o l d f a c e f o r m a i n h e a d i n g s and l i g h t f a c e r o m a n type f o r r e f e r e n c e s and s u b - divisions ( t h e l a t t e r f o r m e r l y d i s t i n g u i s h e d by italics) and by g r o u p i n g all r e f e r e n c e s to and f r o m a h e a d i n g u n d e r its single listing, t h e e d i t o r h a s c o n t r i b u t e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y t o a s a v - ing in t h e u s e r ' s t i m e . T h e f o r m to w h i c h l i b r a r i a n s b e c a m e a c c u s t o m e d in t h e H . W . W i l s o n s u p p l e m e n t s t o t h e f o u r t h edition h a s n o w been a d o p t e d w i t h b u t l i t t l e c h a n g e f o r t h e m a i n w o r k . S i m i l a r l y , by i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e r u l e s f o r g e o g r a p h i c subdivision in t h e p r e f a c e , and by c o n t i n u i n g t o s h o w specifica- tions as to type of subdivision f o l l o w i n g each h e a d i n g , t h e need f o r one a u x i l i a r y list ( S u b - ject Headings with Local Subdivisions. 5th ed. 1935) h a s n o w been e r a s e d f o r all b u t t h e occasional u s e r . T h e r e s u l t i n g p r o d u c t is indeed an impressive e x a m p l e of a w e l l - designed and efficiently a r r a n g e d l i b r a r y tool. P a r t i c u l a r l y n o t e w o r t h y is its f r e e d o m f r o m e r r o r , b o t h in c o n t e n t and t y p o g r a p h y . A f e w APRIL, 1950 18 7 e r r o r s h a v e c r e p t in, to be s u r e , b u t r e m a r k - ably f e w f o r a w o r k so difficult t o compile and to edit. A n d t h e s e e r r o r s , it should be n o t e d , a r e being c o r r e c t e d in t h e s u p p l e m e n t s as soon as they a r e n o t e d . N o m a j o r c h a n g e s h a v e been m a d e in t h e c o n t e n t of t h e list itself, except, of c o u r s e , f o r t h e s i z a b l e i n c r e a s e in n e w h e a d i n g s w h i c h h a v e been i n t r o d u c e d since t h e p u b l i c a t i o n of t h e f o u r t h edition. T h i s expansion is p a r t i c u - l a r l y n o t i c e a b l e in h e a d i n g s r e l a t i n g to m u s i c and t o t h e l a t e w a r and r e c o n s t r u c t i o n . E s - s e n t i a l l y t h e s a m e h e a d i n g s a r e e x c l u d e d as in p r e v i o u s editions. N o a t t e m p t is m a d e h e r e t o e v a l u a t e t h e a d e q u a c y o r i n a d e q u a c y of t h e h e a d i n g s t h e m s e l v e s , f o r t h e s e a r e r e l a t i v e t e r m s f o r each l i b r a r y , d e p e n d i n g u p o n its collections a n d its clientele. I t is a p p a r e n t b o t h f r o m t h e f i f t h edition itself and t h e s u p - p l e m e n t s w h i c h h a v e been issued t o it t h a t c o n s t a n t e f f o r t is b e i n g d i r e c t e d t o w a r d m o d e r n i z i n g t e r m i n o l o g y a n d r e v i s i n g all s u b - j e c t h e a d i n g s in t h e light of a c h a n g i n g w o r l d and t h e books it p r o d u c e s . T h e r e a r e , of c o u r s e , m i n o r d e f e c t s . I n all copies t h u s f a r seen by this r e v i e w e r , it is evident t h a t t h e b i n d i n g is n o t s t u r d y e n o u g h f o r a book so b u l k y and s u b j e c t to such in- tensive use as this one. I t is r e g r e t t a b l e t h a t t h e binding could n o t h a v e achieved t h e s a m e s t a n d a r d of excellence as t h e list itself and t h e p a p e r on w h i c h it is p r i n t e d . A p p a r e n t l y t h e e d i t o r s h a v e n o t h e s i t a t e d on occasion to m a k e c h a n g e s in s u b j e c t e n t r i e s as listed in t h e f i f t h edition w i t h o u t h a v i n g n o t e d t h e m in one of t h e s u p p l e m e n t s . F o r t u n a t e l y , t h e s e c h a n g e s h a v e been m i n o r in n a t u r e and n o t too n u m e r o u s , b u t t h e i r i n t r o d u c t i o n w i t h o u t w a r n i n g imposes a g r e a t e r b u r d e n on those c a t a l o g e r s w h o a t t e m p t c o n f o r m i t y to L i b r a r y of C o n g r e s s u s a g e in t h e i n t e r e s t of economy. O n e w o n d e r s t o o w h y t h e e d i t o r did n o t con- sider i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e list of subdivisions (Subject Subdivisions. 6 th ed. 1924) n o w s o m e w h a t o u t of d a t e in a 1936 r e p r i n t e i t h e r i n t o t h e basic list w h e r e a p p r o p r i a t e a n n o t a - tions c o u l d d i s t i n g u i s h subdivision f o r m s , or at l e a s t in a s u p p l e m e n t a r y section in the s a m e v o l u m e . B u t t h e s e a r e r e l a t i v e l y m i n o r m a t t e r s . T h e f i f t h edition of this s t a n d a r d s u b j e c t h e a d i n g list m a r k s an i m p o r t a n t step in its e v o l u t i o n . O f all t h e editions t o d a t e , this is t h e best designed f o r efficient use. L i b r a r i a n s e v e r y - w h e r e o w e a d e b t of g r a t i t u d e to t h e e d i t o r and h e r staff w h o s e p a t i e n c e and c a r e h a v e p r o d u c e d so excellent a p r o d u c t and t o t h e L i b r a r y of C o n g r e s s w h i c h once a g a i n h a s evidenced its i n t e n t of p r o v i d i n g m a x i m u m as- s i s t a n c e a t m i n i m u m cost t o l i b r a r i e s t h e n a - tion o v e r . — C a r l y l e J. Frarey, College of the City of New York Library. Philosophy of Literature Philosophy of Literature. By G u s t a v E . M u e l l e r . N e w Y o r k , P h i l o s o p h i c a l L i - b r a r y , [ 1 9 4 8 ] , 226p. $3.50. T h e P h i l o s o p h i c a l L i b r a r y h a s d o n e a u s e - f u l service in m a k i n g a v a i l a b l e a goodly n u m - ber of s u m m a r i z i n g o r s u r v e y i n g v o l u m e s . I t h a s also t e n d e d t o publish u n d e r s i m i l a r t i t l e s v o l u m e s t h a t a r e in f a c t e c c e n t r i c o r special- ized pleas, so t h a t its i m p r i n t does n o t c e r t i f y t h e book to be of one s c h o l a r l y class, a n d its titles m a y be m i s l e a d i n g . T h e p r e s e n t book by P r o f e s s o r M u e l l e r is of t h e second class. I t s simple t i t l e , Philosophy of Literature, l a c k i n g even a definite a r t i c l e , s u g g e s t s a so- b e r a n d inclusive g e n e r a l position. I n s t e a d , w e h a v e a r e l a t i v i s t i c a t t e m p t to d e m o n s t r a t e a cyclical, sociological d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e c r e a t i v e i m a g i n a t i o n . " T h e chosen p o e t s f r o m H o m e r to D o s t o e w s k y a r e b e a c o n s illu- m i n a t i n g t h e r h y t h m i c ' u p ' and ' d o w n ' of t h e W e s t e r n civilization d u r i n g t h e l a s t t h r e e t h o u s a n d y e a r s . " I t is difficult t o believe t h a t such a t h e o r y c a n define t h e t r u e g r e a t n e s s of t h e s e poets, h o w e v e r u s e f u l t h e sociological s t u d y of t h e c u l t u r a l b a c k g r o u n d of l i t e r a t u r e m a y s o m e t i m e s p r o v e . Such a book m a y w e l l s e r v e some p u r p o s e in t h e w o r l d of specialized p h i l o s o p h e r s . B u t a l t h o u g h its t i t l e w o u l d seem to r e c o m m e n d it to t h e u n d e r g r a d u a t e ' s g e n e r a l s h e l f , I f e a r it w i l l h a v e l i t t l e u s e f u l n e s s t h e r e . M u c h of t h e w r i t i n g seems t o be a d d r e s s e d to u n d e r - g r a d u a t e s ( e l e m e n t a r y e x p l a n a t i o n s w i t h o u t f o o t n o t e s of t h e f a c t s of D a n t e ' s l i f e , e l e m e n - t a r y d e f i n i t i o n s of w o r d s like " p l o t " a n d " c o n t e n t , " and oversimplified a s s e r t i o n s t h a t " t h e R e n a i s s a n c e is a t r a n s i t i o n and a c o m - p r o m i s e b e t w e e n a religious and a s e c u l a r 184 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES