College and Research Libraries By CONSTANCE M. WINCHELL Reference Books of 1950~1951* Miss Winchell is reference librarianJ Columbia University. Introduction This record is not a comprehensive list- ing of reference works I?ublished during I950-I95I but rather a selection of a few of those which seem to have special im- portance for r~ference workers in university libraries. Titles in the sciences and tech- nologies are omitted as these are included in other lists.1 The seventh edition of the Guide to Reference Books includes books published through i 949 with occasional list- ings for work~ published in I950. This article supplements the Guide in that it does not duplicate titles listed there and does list works which would probably have . been in- cluded had they been received in time. . Bibliography • Guides A new French bibliographical manual and textbook by L. N. Malcles is a welcome addition to this. field . . The first volume of Les sources du travail bibliographique cov- ers .Bibliographies generales and includes a general bibliographical survey, and chapters dealing with bibliography, universal bibliog- raphy, the book of the I 5th and I 6th cen- tuor ies, printed catalogs of libraries, union catalogs, national bibliography, encyclo- pedias, biography, periodicals, society publi- cations, and periodical indexes. These are followed by a section covering "Les pays ~ A select Li st for re search libraries based on notes wntten J>_y members of the Reference Staff of the Co· lumbia University Libraries. 1 S ee Hawkin s . R . R . "Technical books I9SO· IQ<;I • roo Essential Titles," L ibrary Journal, 76:8'og-8x6, May IS, I95I. . slaves et balkaniques" which lists for each country not only the national bibliographies but other bibliographical aids including en- cyclopedias, periodicals, lists of anonymous and pseudonymous works, etc. The coun- tries covered are Bulgaria, Greece, Poland, Rumania, Czechoslovakia, Turkey, Yugo- slavia, and Russia-U.S.S.R. Two more volumes dealing with bibliographies of spe- cial subjects are to follow. National Bibliography Olga Pinto has issued in a second revised edition her useful Le bibliografie nazionaliJ which was first published in Le Bibliofilia in I930-3I with the title Repertori bibli- ografi.ci nazionale and then in a separately published booklet in I935· Covering more than seventy countries, the arrangement is by country and then chronological. Titles are annotated. CanadianaJ published twice a month, suc- ceeds the Canadian catalogue which was published annually covering I92I / 22 to I 949· The index to the new list appears with the mid-monthly issue and is cumula- tive, the lists themselves will be cumulated annually. Entry is alphabetical by author regardless of language, except that in Part 2, which comprises official publications of the Government of Canada, lists are divided into English and French. Deutsche wissenschaftliche Bii.cher, 1945- 1949, published by the Niedersachische Staats- und U niversitats Bibliothek in Got- tingen lists about 6,000 titles of German scholarly publications from all four zones. Dictionaries, grammars and translations from modern foreign languages are ex- 30 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES eluded. Arrangement is by class with au- thor indexes. Reviews in leading German periodicals are indicated by symbols refer- ring to the general classed list of serials at the end of the volume. The first four volumes of Hans Fromm's Bibliographie deutscher Obersetzungen aus dem Franziisischen~ 1700-1948 cover A-M of the list of translations of works in French (including Old French and Proven<;al) by non-German authors. Inclusion has been determined by the use of French in the original, not by the author's nationality. Subsequent series will cover French works by German writers and collections and an- thologies of translations , and there are to be indexes by translator and by German titles of the works entered under their French titles in this first list. A new Dictionnaire de bibl£ographie haitienne by Max Bissainthe lists · works published in Haiti or elsewhere by Haitians, January I, I804 to December 3I, I949; works published in Hispaniola and Santo Domingo or elsewhere concerning Hispani- ola, Santo Domingo or Haiti from the origin to December 3 I, I 949 ; and news- papers and periodicals of Santo Domingo and Haiti, I 764 to I949· These are fol- lowed by an alphabetical list of journalists, a catalog of titles and a subject index. Many en.tries have brief annotations and lo- cation in libraries is indicated. It serves as a complement to rather than superseding Duvivier's Bibliographie generale et mhhodique d~Haiti ( I94I). The fifth volume covering R-Z of the Catalogo general de la libreria espanola e hispanoamericana~ 190I-I9JO, completes .the alphabet of this comprehensive catalog, vol- umes one to four of which were published from I932-44· It furnishes a comprehensive list by authors giving author, title, edition, place, publisher, date, paging, size, and price. It is encouraging to note that it is JANUARY~ 1952 now planned to publish a continuation cov- ering I93I-I950. Microfilms The Union List .of Microfilms has been i~sued in a revised, enlarged and cumulative edition by the Philadelphia Bibliographical Center and Union Library Catalog. A note on this volume appears in "News from the Field" in this issue of C.&R.L. Anonyma and Pseudonyma The Bibliographical History of Anonyma and Pseudonyma by Archer Taylor and Frederic ]. Mosher traces the development of the bibliography of this field from ,its be- ginnings, with chapters on homonyms, Latinized names, pseudepigrapha, anonyma and pseudonyma. There is an . extensive bibliography of books and periodical articles with at least one library location for each. Two classified guides to dictionaries and other literature, one by language and geo- graphical area, and one by subject, are in- cluded. Dictionaries The first volume of a new dictionary of modern literary Russian to be complete in fifteen volumes has been published by the Institut Russkogo IAzyka of the Akadamiia N auk SSSR. Entitled Slovar' sovremen- nogo russk.ogo literaturnogo ia'J!yka~ it is in- tended for the educated reader and is based on the vocabulary used in literary, artistic, social, political, and general scientific works appearing in Russian in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Emphasis is on the philological and not the encyclopedic inter- pretation of words. Entries include the field in which the word is used, variant meanings, some variant forms, derivations, references to other dictionaries, and in most cases extensive illustrative quotations with 31 their sources. Loan words from other rum biblicarum alphabetico ordine digestus languages are numerous. Another scholarly historical language dic- tionary which follows the same general pat- tern as the Oxford English Dictionary is the Geiriadur prifysgol cymru ,· a Dictionary of the Welsh language, of which three fascicules covering A-Arfarwydd, have ap- peared. It includes literary and historical words, obsolete and archaic expressions, and technical terms from the arts and sciences. Each entry gives etymology, definition in Welsh, English equivalent, and the date of the earliest use of th.e word. Most en- tries give also, a reference to the source of the earliest use and at least one illustrative . quotation. These citations refer to an ex- tensive bibliography of sources. Philosophy Published under a grant from UNESCO, the Bibliographia P hilosophica aims to list all books, periodical articles • and book re- views published from 1934-1945 in Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish. To be in two volumes, the first, entitled Bibliographia Historiae Philo- sophiae, is arranged chronologically accord- ing to the lives of the philosophers of dif- ferent historical periods and schools. The volume lists 23,057 numbered references with bibliographical description of each item. According to announcement, the second volume will contain a register of some 2,000 authors giving the philosophical works they have written, translated, edited, prefaced, or reviewed as well as studies about them ~ritten during this period. Plans call for :five-year supplements. Religion The product of modern Hebrew scholar- ship, the new Encyclopaedia Biblica r'Ensiqlopediyah Miqrii'it1 ,· thesaurus re- promises to be an . important and outstand- ing encyclopedia of the Old Testament. It is being published under the auspices of the Jewish Agency of falestine and the Museum of Jewish Antiquities of the He- brew University in Jerusalem. The con- tributors (forty-eight in volume qne) are for the most part Israeli scholars and are authorities in their :fields. The articles, written entirely in modern literary Hebrew, are signed with initials and are usually ac- companied by bibliographies which list books both in Hebrew and in western Euro- pean languages. Volume one covers the let- ter aleph and· includes an extensive and not- able article on Palestine. The book is well- printed and attractively bound, and is il- lustrated with several hundred cuts in the text, full-page plates and outline maps. Supplement II of the Catholic Encyclo- paedia presents a record of events since the publication of the original work in 1903 and of the :first supplement in 1922. It is being published in loose-leaf form so that additions can easily be inserted. Articles in the first two sections cover events in Al- bania, Canada, Ceylon, Cuba, Czechoslo- vakia, England, Estonia, France, Germany, Holland, India, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, Portugal, Slovakia, and the United States, arranged by country, with other articles on special dogmas, orders, persons, etc. Labor An extensive and valuable bibliography of labor movements has been prepared by Edouard Dolleans in his Mouvements ouvrier et socialiste, chronologie et bibli- ographie: A ngleterre, France, A llemagne, Efats-U nis ( 17 50-1918). Each chapter deals with a significant movement or period which may concern one or more of the coun- tries considered in the volume. The :first 32 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES part of each chapter is a chronology of events which is followed by bibliographies listing source materials, some partisan studies, periodicals, books and pamphlets of the period, and histories and monographs on the period and its events and personali- ties. The final chapter "The international labor and socialist movement and the war, I 889- I 9 I 8" goes beyond the geographical boundaries indicated in the title, and in- cludes material of world-wide scope in Rus- sian and other languages. Music and Folklore The Bibliography of Jewish Music by Alfred Sendry represents the first serious attempt to compile a comprehensi~e bibli- ography of Jewish music. The bibliography of almost Io,ooo items is divided into two sections, the first, literature on the subject, the second, the music itself. The literature section, including books and periodicals, cov- ers reference works, historical periods, forms of music, relations with other fields ; and bi- ographies of Jewish musicians. The music sectio~ covers sacred and secular music with the latter including vocal, dramatic, folk, and children's . music. A list of recorded music, an appendix of earlier Biblical and Rabbinical sources, and an index of proper names complete the work. Intended to be comprehensive in its scope, the Bibliography of North American Folk- lore and Folksong by Charles Haywood treats the "American People north of Mex- ico" and the "American Indian north of Mexico," covering both folklore and folk music. Music in .printed form and on records is given equal importance with other forms of folklore. Annotations are chiefly descriptive although some material is evalu- ated. There is an author and subject index with title entries for individual songs and songs in collections. JANUARY~ 1952 Theater The Oxford Companion to the Theatre edited by Phyllis Hartnell is intended as a companion to the playgoer with the empha- sis on the popular rather than the literary theater. Related arts such as the opera, ballet, and theater music are treated in single articles but the cinema has been de- liberately omitted. The most space is de- voted to the theater of England and the United States with due attention to the Classical and Modern European theater and with a single article on the theater of the Far East. Whenever possible, dates of the first production and publication of a play have been supplied. Only a select few of the outstanding contemporary actors and dramatists have been included. A subject bibliography of more than I ,ooo books on the theater concludes the volume. Wilhelm Kosch's Deutsches Theater- Lexikon,· biographisches und bibliograph- isches H andbuch is, according to the author, the first attempt at a dictionary of the Ger- man-speaking theater. To be completed in fourteen parts, the first Lieferung covers A- Bechert, and gives bio-bibliographical in- formation on outstanding actors, dramatists, composers, and critics, as well as longer articles on dramatic theory, history, and themes. At the end of each biographical entry, writings by the author are listed as well as writings about him in books, periodi- cals, and newspapers. Literature Although there are extensive histories, with bibliographies, of the French literature of the Middle Ages, there has not been a comprehensive bibliographical manual deal- ing with this period. The Manual biblio- graphique de la litterature franr;aise du moyen age by Robert Bossuat is designed to fill the needs of both the research worker and the student and lists materials m 33 French and other Western European lan- guages. After an introduction giving gen- eral. works, the book is divided into two sections, LJ ancien fran~ais and Le moyen fran~ais. For each work listed, the prin- cipal editions are listed, followed by trans- lations, adaptations, and critical works. The latter include both books and periodi- cal articles. There are two indexes, one by names of original authors and titles of works, the other by names of modern editors and modern authors of critical works. The Bibliogratfa de literatura hispdnica by Jose Simon Diaz is a first attempt at a comprehensive bibliography of all the His- panic literatures, and it promises to be an extremely valuable work when complete. The first volume, General historical and critical works, is divided broadly by lan- guage, Castilian, Catalan, Galician, and Basque, the Castilian being further sub- divided to differentiate between the litera- tures of Spain and the Spanish American countries. Periodical articles and unpub- lished works such as theses and lectures are included and whenever possible references are given to book reviews. Library loca- tions are frequently noted. Volume 2 , General bibliographies, will be divided by subject and later volumes, devoted to indi- vidual bibliographies, will be arranged by author. History M edieval.-Festschriften and other hom- age volumes published in honor of scholars, occasions, or institutions include ·many schol- arly contributions usually not easily found because they are not indexed. This ""makes the Index of Mediaeval Studies published in FestschriftenJ 1865-1946 by H. F. Wil- liams particularly helpful as it provides an index to the studies concerning medieval art, customs, history, philosophy, literature, language, and science of Western Europe. It covers more than 5,000 items from about 500 volumes, with the emphasis on Romanic material. Included are a list of Festschrif- ten, a list of reviews of some I 70 Festschrif- ten, an index of authors, and one of sub- jects. United States.-A Guide to the Micro- film Collection of Early State Records is- sued by the Photoduplication Service of the Library of Congress was begun in I94I as a joint project of the Library of Congress and the University of North Carolina to locate and reproduce early state legislative pro- ceedings. When the project was resumed after the war the coverage was expanded to include also statutory laws, constitutional records, administrative reco.rds, . executive records, court records, some local records , records of American Indian nationals, and a miscellany group. It is an index to t>ver 2,5oo,ooo pages of records represented on I 6o,ooo feet of microfilm. The general ar- rangement is by state subdivided by the classific~tions noted above. Lib_r:ary loca- tions and ·reel numbers are given for each item. Great Britain.-The third volume in the series of Bibliographies of British History covers the eighteenth century, I7I4-I789 and is edited by Stanley Pargellis and D. ]. Medley. It follows the same general plan as the earlier volumes by Conyers Read (Tudor period, I485-I603) and Godfrey Davies (Stuart period, I 603- I 7 I 4). The emphasis is on contempora:r;y and source materials but secondary works are also men- tioned. William Kent's Encyclopaedia of LondonJ originally published in I937 has been issued in a revised edition noting changes caused by the war. Russia.-A useful Guide to Research in Russian History by Charles Morley is de- signed primarily to serve as a handbook for students but it will also fill a much wider need and certain features will make it very 34 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES helpful to the reference librarian. For ex- ample, titles are given in transliteration, in many cases indication is given of the loca- tion of copies in American libraries, and the most important entries are starred. The main sections cover (I Y Russian collections in American libraries; ( 2) Basic historical aids; ( 3) Encyclopedias, atlases, geographi- cal dictionaries, ( 4) Biographical diction- aries and collective biographies; ( 5) Rus- sian bibliography; ( 6) Russian historical sources; ( 7) Periodicals and newspapers; ( 8) Russian historiography. The Guide to Soviet Bibliographies com- piled by John T. Dorosh and issued by the General Reference and Bibliography Divi- sion of the Library of Congress lists sepa- rately published bibliographies published in Russia or relating to Russia which are avail- able in the Library of Congress. It in- cludes in the main, bibliographies published since I 9 I 7 and in a few cases .lists bibliogra- phies which appear in periodicals or in books not primarily bibliographic in content, when they have special importance. The arrange- ment is by class with author and title index. Orient.-The Handbook of Oriental His- tory edited by C. · H. Philips of the London University School of Oriental and African Studies is intended as "a companion to Ori- ental historical studies," covering the Near and Middle East, India and Pakistan, South-East Asia and the Archipelago, China and Japan, from ancient to modern times (except that for the Near East, 622 A.D. is the beginning date). The volume in- cludes methods of romanization of place and personal names, glossaries of useful terms (including weights and measures), systems of dates and their relation to the Gregorian calendar, and lists of dynasties and rulers with dates. UNESCO has sponsored the publication of Dix annees d' etudes by zan tines; bibliog- raphie internationale~ 1939-1948 by the As- sociation Internationale des Etudes Byzan- tines. Citing more than 2,8oo references on Byzantine studies from nineteen coun- tries, it covers, in addition to general works, books and articles on philology, literature, history, archeology, art and music, and in- cludes material from some 250 journals and reviews. Entries for each country were submitted by national collaborators and therefore vary somewhat, but bibliographi- cal detail seems adequate and accurate. There are full author and subject indexes. Coptic Winifred Kammerer's Coptic Bibliogra- phy contains more than 3,000 references to Coptic texts and to books and periodical articles on Coptic philology, literature, his- tory, religion, and art. Early works are in- cluded although most items are from the late I9th and 20th centuries with an at- tempt to cover material published in all countries through I948. Many entries are annotated and some contain references to important reviews. Bibliography Akademiia Nauk SSSR. Institut Russkogo Iazyka. Slovar' sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo iazyka. Moskva, I950- v. I, A-B. Association internationale des etudes byzantines. Dix annees d' etudes byzantines ,· bibliographl:e internationale, 1939-1948. Publiee avec le concours de l'UNESCO. Paris. Editions universitaires, I949· I70 p. Bibliographia philosophica, 1934-1945. Bruxellis, Edi- tiones Spectrum, I950· v. I- . Bibliography of British History; the eighteenth cen.- /t{ry, 17 r 4-1789, ed. by Stanley Pargellis and D. J. Medley. Oxford, Clarendon Press, I95I. 642 p. Bissainthe, Max. Dictionnaire de bibltographie JANUARY~ 1952 haitienne. Washington, D .C., The Scarecrow Press, I95I. I052 p. Bossuat, Robert. Manual bibliographique de la lit- terature fra.n~aise du moyen age. Melun, Librairie d'Agences, I95I. 635 p. Canadiana. !Ottawa, Canadian bibliographic centre, Public archives of Canada, I95I-J. semi-monthly. CataTogo general de lrr. libreria espanola e hispano- americana, 1901-1930. M;]drid, Instituto Nacional del Libro Espafiol. t.5, R-Z, 1951. The Catholic Encyclopedi,: Supplement II. v. 18, ed. by Vincent C. Hopkins. New York, Gilmary Society, I950. loose-leaf. 35 I Doll eans, Edouard. Mouvements ouvrier et socialiste, chronologie et bibliographie: Angleterre, France, A lle- magne, Etats-Unis (1750-1918) • . . Paris, Editions ouvri eres, £I95 0 J 381 p. Encyclopaedia Biblica r' Ensiqlopiidiyah M iqrii'U1 ,· thesaurus rerum biblicarum alphabetico ordine digeshu. Hierosolymi s, Sumptibus Institutt Bia lik, 1950- v.1- il. Fromm, Hans. B ibliographie deutscher Vbersetzungen aus dem Franzosischen, 1700-1948 . . . B aden-B aden, Verlag fiir Kunst und Wissenschaft, 1950-51. Ver- zeichnis A. v. 1-4. Geiriadur prifysgol cymru; a dictionary of the Welsh langttage. Caerdydd Gwasg prifysgol cymru, 1950-51. pt.I·J. Gottingen. Universitiit. Bibliothek. D eutsche wissen- schaftliche Biicher, 1945-1949 . . . im Auftrage der Notgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft herausge- geben von der Niedersiichsischen Staats - und Universi- tiitsbibliothek zu Gottingen. Gottingen, Vandenhoek & Ru precht, 1951. 718 col. Haywood, Charles. A bibliography of North American Folklore and Folksong. New York, Greenberg, [19511 1292 p. Kammerer, Winifred. A Coptic Bibliography . • . Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1950. 2"05 p. (University of Michigan. General Library publications, no. 7.) Kent, William. An Encyclopaedia of London. New York, Macmillan, 1951. 674 p. Kosch, Wilhelm. Det{tsches T heater-Lexikon; bio- graphisches und bibliographisches Handb1tch. Klagen- furt, Kleinmayre, 1951. Lfg.r, A-Bechert. London. University. School of Oriental and African studies. Department of Oriental Hi story. Handbook of Oriental History . .. ed. by C. H. Philips. London, Royal historical society. I9'ii. 265 p. (Royal historical society guides and handbooks. 6) Malcles, L. N. Les sources du travail bibliograpniqtu. Geneve, E. Droz; Lille, Giard, 1950. t. r, B ibliographies generales . 364 p. Morley, Charles. Guide to Research in R1tssian His- tory. Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press, 1951. 227 p. Oxford Companion to the Theatre, ed. by Phyllis Hartnell. London, Oxford Univers ity Press, 1951. 887 p. Phi ladelphia Bibl iogra phica l Center and Union Library Catalogue. Union List of Microfilms, rev., enl. and cumulated ed. Ann Arbor, Michigan, J. W. Edwards, 1951. 1961 p. Pinto, Olga. Le bibliografie nazionali; 2a. edizione vive d uta, corretta ed aggiornata. Firenze, Olschki, 1951. 94 p. Sendry, Alfred. Bibliography of Jewish Music. New York, Columbia University Press, 1951. 404 p. Simon D iaz, Jose. Bibliografia de literatura his· panica . . . Madnd, Consejo Superior de Investiga ciones Cientificas, Institute "Miguel de Cervantes," de Filologia Hi spanica, 1950- v.r-. Taylor, Archer and Frederic J. Mosher. The Biblio- graphical History of Anonyma and Pseudonyma. Chi- cago, University of Chicago Press, 1951. 289 p. U. S. Library of Congress. General Reference and Bibliography Divi sion. Guide to S oviet B ibliographies; a Selected List of R eferences, comp. by John T. Dorosh. Washington, 1950. 158 p. · U. S. Library of Congress. Photoduplication Service. A Guide to the Microfi lm Collection of Early State Records. Washington, Library of Congress, 1950. varions paging_, Williams . H arry Franklin. An Index of Mediaeva l Stttdies published in F estschriften, 1865-19 46, with spe- cial reference to Romanic material. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1951. 165 p. Quality Loss in Newspaper Microfilm In the interest of the reading public both present and future, it is the function of the American Library Association Committee on Photo Duplication to draw to the attention of librarians and other contracting parties the importance of maintaining standard quality for newspaper microfilm. The Committee points out that the recent trend to high reduction ratios has led to much microfilm of poor quality. The use of a ratio of reduction beyond the old 16! :1 may not in itself affect the quality, if the work is carefully done on a camera of high resolv- ing power, with fine grain film stock, proper lighting and extreme care in processing. The evenness of the lighting of the original seems to be of the utmost importance. The Committee has made tests of micro- film from various sources. The Committee finds that the quality appears to be less than standard. When facing pages of a normal newspaper are microfilmed in Position Two, that is with the lines of the text parallel to the edge of the film , or when facing pages of tabloid newspapers are filmed in Position Three, that is with the lines of the text run- ning across the film, ratios of nineteen or twenty diameters are required. There should be no difficulty with tabloid newspapers on lighting, but the lighting problem on the larger paper is a difficult one. On such microfilm as the Committee has examined the legibilitY tS· seriously affected. The density varies within t he frame especially on the corners and in some cases the small type tends to fill in even in the center of the frame. This latter defect points to lack of resolution. Naturally such deviations as noted above make it extremely difficult for the reader on any reading machine. A .more exacting test is the making of paper enlargements to the full original size. This procedure readily reveals defects, since any deviation on the film image is multiplied several times on the paper. Care was taken in the tests to use a standard Recordak Enlarger and to enlarge only one page at a time, not the whole frame. And since some newspapers have uneven ink- ing, the test included more than one page. In the interest of the reading public librar- ians should demand microfilm of standard quality, whether made by library or commer- cial laboratories. In addition the Committee wishes to point out that when the microfilm positive is the only form in which the library has the news- paper (and this is becoming more and more true as libraries cease binding originals) it is essential to make a legible enlargement. 36 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES