College and Research Libraries afford the luxury of hand binding, and there was constant need for expert repair and res- toration of both printed books and manu- scripts. Incidentally one might add that after the collector had learned to cherish the pre- cious shabbiness of "original condition," there was work for the binder in making slip and solander cases to enclose the worn covers. T o these foreign binders may be attributed something like the apprentice system, for many students, especially women, were trained by them both in this country and abroad. In fact the number of women is striking, and of the bindings chosen for il- lustration in this short account, fully half were made by women. Important in stimulating interest in bind- ing have been the exhibits from the 1890's onward. Many of them were fostered by the book clubs, and the illustrations in their catalogs, as well as in the craft periodicals, are helpful in studying the styles of individu- al binders. For those interested in the book arts in general and the handicraft of binding in par- ticular Mr. Thompson has gathered together in these less than fifty pages a vast amount of valuable scattered information. He not only mentions scores of binders but often locates examples of their work, and shows the special contribution to the craft of various centers on the East Coast, West Coast and in mid- country too. Anyone who has tried to sys- tematize the profusion of names of nine- teenth- and twentieth-century binders in this country will appreciate the research involved, and teachers of courses in the book arts espe- cially would be glad if the valuable matter in English in the Libri article could be made available for wider circulation.—Eunice Wead, HartfordConn. One Librarian One Librarian. By Katherine Smith Diehl. New Brunswick, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1956. 165 p. $3. This is a book on how to live as the only professional in a college library; and it is affected as to content and presentation by the fact that the author's college is church related. Thus the hortatory note: the reader is addressed as "One Professional," perhaps not ad nauseum; but this expression is so constantly repeated, that it becomes a heavy burden for the book to carry. The reviewer read the book twice, and the second time he wrote * down the num- bers of the pages which he felt contained material of permanent value, either for the manner of expression or for the material set forth. There are 29 of these pages. This is very good, for as the author herself says in another connection: "Ideas don't come so frequently as does their restatement. Re- statements fill many libraries." The book is marred by too much spright- liness, too much striving for effect, and too much attention to whether or not the plants get watered; but these defects are offset by a deep-seated and wholly satisfying love for the job, and by an appealing statement of the inner reward when the librarian does his job well. There are a few surprises: one being a spirited defense of closed stacks, even in so small a library, and another being the narrow limits to which student assistants must be confined in dealing with other stu- dents. A surprise of a different nature is the policy for dealing with faculty who put books on reserve which do not get read. The author wrote as a small college li- brarian for her fellows in the field, and a very good field it is; for there is none to whom the buck can be passed, and one is in there pitching all the time. But more than this, the author makes one statement, or credo, rather, which all college librarians, whether they are in large or small institu- tions, should hold as their goal. This state- ment begins on page 70 under the heading "The Policy Committee." Any librarian who can say, "This is the way it is in my place," has indeed reached the summit.—Wayne Shirley, Finch College Library. Recent Foreign Books on the Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science The first volume in the general series of the great Yugoslav encyclopedia was issued late in 1955 under the title of Enciklopedija Leksikografskog Zavoda, including 720 double-columned pages and extending as far 524 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES as Castelnau. Previously the first two vol- umes of the maritime encyclopedia (Pomor- ska Enciklopedija) and the first volume of the encyclopedia of Yugoslav culture (Enci- klopedija Jugoslavije) had appeared. Comprehensive, well edited, and superb- ly illustrated, the Yugoslav general encyclo- pedia will take its place along with the other modern national encyclopedias as a basic title in large reference collections. The scope is well illustrated by the inclusion of many persons who rarely find their way into general European encyclopedias (e.g., James G. Birney, James Lane Allen, Francis Pres- ton Blair); and at the same time there is abundant space for more important sub- jects (e.g., four columns on Berlin, with five illustrations and a map; three columns on Antarctica, with two pages of plates and a full-page map). The illustrations are com- parable to the best in any encyclopedia. Six color plates (three of Yugoslav art; one each of Fra Angelico, Botticelli, and Brueghel), 15 full-page maps, and 29 plates are only highlights of a rich selection of illustrations, uniformly well reproduced. Comparison with one German, one Italian, and two Scandinavian general encyclopedias of the same size reveals at least the same scope as far as selection of entries is con- cerned and a far greater coverage of central European, Yugoslav, and Balkan subjects. The political bias may be identified by the diligent, but it is substantially less than can be found in current Polish and Russian en- cyclopedias. Careful editing is revealed in the accuracy of dates and statistics and the selection of bibliographical references. Un- fortunately articles are not signed, but edi- tors and contributors are listed and identi- fied at the beginning of the volume. The various series of Yugoslav encyclope- dias being undertaken by the Leksikografski Zavod FNRJ in Zagreb constitute one of the most remarkable enterprises of this kind in the twentieth century. The fact that Yugoslavia is one of the more handicapped countries of Europe from an economic standpoint makes this work all the more amazing. The second volume of the Pomorska En- ciklopedia covers "brodar" (temporary ship owner) to "Evpatorija" (a Crimean port) in 702 double-columned pages approximate- ly the size of a Britannica page. It was pub- lished late in 1955 and fulfills the promise of the first volume to provide a definitive reference work on all matters relative to the sea. Unlike the general encyclopedia, the special series contains signed articles (by initials, fully identified in the beginning of the volume). No other reference work is equally com- prehensive in its coverage of subjects related to the sea. From kayaks to caravels, from waterborne bacteria to fantastic monsters of the ocean bottom, from primitive dug- out canoes to electronic navigation, the scope of the Pomorska Enciklopedia covers everything related to water. There are bio- graphical notes on obscure American and Russian admirals, facsimiles of forms used by the Yugoslav administration of maritime and river navigation, an illustration of the marine gate at Rhodes, and a photograph of the hulk of the battered Emden. The editing is exemplary. Bibliographical references available almost up to press time have been included. Ten handsomely repro- duced colored plates, over 30 full-page maps, dozens of plans of seaport towns, and several photographs or diagrams on every page pre- sent an abundance of graphic material. Quite naturally there is a special emphasis on articles of particular interest to Yugo- slavia; the exhaustive essays on such sub- jects as Danube and Dubrovnik leave little to be desired. The Yugoslav peoples have a long record as seafaring folk, but few of their achieve- ments at sea can rival this monumental work from the landlocked city of Zagreb. Despite the fact that it is in a comparatively little-known language, it belongs in every reference collection emphasizing geography, Mediterranean, eastern European, or Islamic history; marine biology; or any other field related to the sea. Among the new encyclopedias in exotic languages none is more fascinating than the new Ensiklopedia Indonesia. The first vol- ume (A-E) has just been issued in the "bahasa Indonesia," the somewhat artificial form of Malay recognized as the natural language of Indonesia. The publisher is W. van Hoeve of the Hague and Bandung. It is a smaller work and somewhat more popular in appeal than the monumental NOVEMBER, 1956 525 Yugoslav encyclopedia. Articles are unsigned and, in general, rather short. Nevertheless, there has been a judicious selection of en- tries, and the coverage compares very favor- ably with a major encyclopedia such as Winkler-Prins. Illustrations and maps are carefully chosen and exceptionally well re- produced. Indeed, there is no doubt but that the book was produced in the Nether- lands, although there is no reference to this fact (undoubtedly out of respect for the highly nationalistic, anti-Dutch Indonesians). The real value of this work to American and European libraries lies in its emphasis on Indonesian and southeast Asian subjects and Islamic culture. In many cases the ar- ticles on subjects relative to Indonesian cul- ture are more comprehensive than anything that can be found in specialized reference works in Dutch or other European lan- guages. It is a practical stepping stone in the progress toward a more scholarly nation- al encyclopedia such as Winkler-Prins or Brockhaus, and van Hoeve deserves the greatest credit for producing this unusually practical first encyclopedia for a new nation in an essentially new language. The Worterbuch der Soziologie (Stutt- gart: Ferdinand Enke Verlag, 1955), edited by Wilhelm Bernsdorf and Friedrich Biilow, is a successor to Alfred Vierkandt's Hand- worterbuch der Soziologie, published a quar- ter of a century ago and now long out of print. Unlike Vierkandt's work, which is arranged in the systematic fashion of a Handbuch, the present work is arranged by the alphabetical order of the subjects con- sidered. Articles in the Worterbuch range in length from a single paragraph to a dozen or more pages. Each is signed, and the more impor- tant articles contain a selective bibliography. The authors are mostly leading social scien- tists in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Denmark, but there are also two contribu- tors from the United States. There are abundant cross references, but no general index. While the European conceptions of the scope of sociology do not coincide precisely with those current in this country, the Worterbuch nevertheless covers most of the basic ideas with which sociologists and stu- dents in related fields (including librarian- ship) operate. Thus such articles as those captioned "Sample," "Presse," "Gruppe," "Film," or "Schrift" will be useful to librar- ians and educators as well as to professional sociologists. There is a distinct leaning to- wards social anthropology, a field to which many American sociology departments are giving much less emphasis today than in the preceding generation. The Bernsdorf-Bulow Worterbuch der Soziologie will find a broad use in all ref- erence collections in the social studies. It can be used easily by anyone familiar with the international terminology of the field. The text itself is edited and put into a con- sistently clear style (a rare virtue in German sociological works). The inadequacy of nearly all bilingual dictionaries is one of the most aggravating problems in foreign-language reference work. In dealing with technical terminology only a special dictionary or a large mono- lingual dictionary can be of much help. An outstanding work in the latter category is the sixth edition of Der Sprach-Brockhaus (Wiesbaden: F. A. Brockhaus, 1954). Concise definitions, pronunciation, deriva- tion, gender, and inflection are customary features that may be expected. In addition, however, Der Sprach-Brockhaus is richly il- lustrated, and as a result many otherwise obscure German words immediately become meaningful. For example, to illustrate the word Druck there are diagrams to illustrate the three basic printing processes of engrav- ing (Tief druck), typographic printing (Hochdruck), and lithography (Flachdruck). The illustrations under Lichtbild (photo- graph) explain several obscure German photographic terms. Other examples could be cited at length. The 1,588 columns and 5,400 illustrations in Der Sprach-Brockhaus make it one of the most comprehensive of all monolingual dic- tionaries. The up-to-dateness is reflected in many terms that have their origins in the 1940's and 1950's. Dialect words, colloquial- isms, and vocabularies of special trades and social groups are included. There are few other dictionaries in any language that are equally useful, and this work deserves a place in all reference collections. One of the more important recent poly- glot dictionaries of books and libraries is 526 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES the Podreczny slownik bibliotekarza (War- saw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukove, 1955) by Helena Wieckowska and Hanna Pliszezynska. It is divided into two major sections: (1) a comprehensive glossary of terms current in Polish, with detailed expla- nations and (where they exist) correspond- ing terms in English, French, German, and Russian; and (2) English, French, German, and Russian glossaries with a single word or phrase translating them into Polish. There is a remarkably high standard of accuracy both in the definitions and in the printing of non-Polish words. The inclusion compares favorably with other recent poly- glot glossaries. No glossary of Polish and Russian terms on books and libraries can even approach the present work in scope. All in all, some 3,000 different terms appear in the various sections of the book. The excellence of this work, or even the very fact that it has appeared, is indicative of a remarkable library development in Po- land during the last decade. Regardless of our attitude toward the present regime in Poland, regardless of the limitations on cer- tain ideas of librarianship in the totalitarian countries of Europe, we would be foolish not to acknowledge their solid accomplish- ments in our own field. The Poles have been among the most progressive Slavic peoples in developing libraries, and the present glossary is the best evidence of their success. The curious political neo-formation known as Hessia in West Germany is one of the richest of all German states in libraries. For this reason Wolfgang Engelhardt's Fuhrer durch die Bibliotheken in Hessen (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1955) is an especially useful work. It describes such dis- tinguished collections as those of the Hes- sische Landes- und Hochschulbibliothek in Darmstadt, the University of Frankfurt Li- brary, the Senckenbergische Bibliothek, the Deutsche Bibliothek (archive of all German- language publications since 1945) in Frank- furt, the Landesbibliothek in Fulda, the university library in Giessen, the University of Marburg Library, the Westdeutsche Bib- liothek (torso of the old Prussian State Li- brary in Berlin) in Marburg, and the Nas- sauische Landesbibliothek in Wiesbaden. There are also numerous special libraries, many with quite intriguing subject matter such as the genealogical collection of the "Deutsches Adelsarchiv" at Castle Schonstadt, the glass technology collection of the Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft in Frankfurt, or the library of the research lab- oratory on agricultural meteorology in Geisenheim. Each entry contains a note on holdings and conditions of use, and the name of the head librarian. Information on larger li- braries includes hours, publications, exhibits and activities, and photographic facilities. The actual directory occupies only about a third of the book. Another long and im- portant section deals with library laws, ad- ministrative regulations, and official policy governing libraries in Hessia. One short chapter describes library organizations, the Deutsche Akademie fiir Sprache und Dich- tung in Darmstadt, and the book trade or- ganizations in Hessia (including the Borsen- verein in Frankfurt). A 46-page bibliography describes the libraries of Hessia, arranged alphabetically by community. Finally, there is an index to the fields of specialization mentioned in the text. Regional Fuhrer of this sort are excep- tionally valuable guides to the holdings of libraries and their role in the regional and national library picture. It will be a major service if Harrassowitz will publish similar guides to libraries of other regions. Several important regional bibliographies have been published in Sweden in recent years. Among the best are two by the city librarian of Visby, Valton Johansson: Got- landsk bibliografi 1940-1949 (Visby, 1952; "Meddelanden fran Foreningen Gotlands Fornvanner," 24. Bihang), and Gotlandsk bibliografi 1914-1927 (Visby, 1955; ibid., 27. Bihang). T o appreciate Johansson's work properly, it is necessary to review other Gotland bibliographies. In 1914 Wilhelm Mol£r published the second edition of his basic Bidrag till en Gotlandsk bibliografi, but there was a long gap of fourteen years before the work re- sumed on a current basis. In 1930 Nils Lith- berg and Richard Steffen began to compile an annual bibliography of writings on Got- land. They began with 1928 and continued the current bibliography through 1939 (pub- lished in 1941) annually in the Gotlandst NOVEMBER, 1956 527 Arkiv, organ of the Foreningen Gotlands Fornvanner. Such was the situation in 1950 when the society secured a grant from the Humani- stiska Fonden to bring the bibliography up to date. First, plans were made immediately to publish an annual bibliography in the Gotldndst Arkiv. It has been compiled and published regularly by Johansson since that date. Then came the bibliography for 1940-1949, with 1,399 numbers. Finally Jo- hansson published the bibliography for 1914-1927, with supplements to Mol^r and the annual bibliographies for 1928-1939 in the Gotlandst Arkiv. There are 2,196 en- tries in the 1914-1927 compilation. Both the 1940-1949 and 1914-1927 bibli- ographies are set up in classified order in conformity with the accepted Swedish li- brary classification. There are author and title indexes in each volume. The scope is comprehensive,- including even certain more important newspaper articles. The various series of Gotland bibliographies make this island one of the best documented localities in Europe, and Johansson's bibliographies are a model for other local historians. Friedrick Adolf Schmidt-Kunsemiiller's William Morris und die neue Buchkunst (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1955; "Beitrage Zum Buch- und Bibliothekswe- sen," 4) is a major study of Morris's contri- butions to the art of the book and his sub- sequent influence in other countries. Schmidt-Kunsemiiller first traces the back- ground for Morris's theories on art and lit- erature, noting especially contemporary in- fluences. Subsequently he outlines the mis- sion and accomplishments of the Kelmscott Press. In each of the chapters in Part II ("Morris und die neue Buchkunst") there is a survey of Morris's influence in England, the United States, and Germany. Schmidt- Kunsemiiller explores the relationship be- tween Morris, Cobden-Sanderson, Emery Walker, Charles Ricketts and other later artists of the book. He concludes (with Hol- brook Jackson) that Morris's effect on his own country has become so intimate a part of the national tradition that it can no longer be readily identified. In the United States, Schmidt-Kiinsemiiller finds a definite reaction against Morris, even more pro- nounced than in England, but he identifies positive traces of Morris's creative spirit, above all in Frederic W. Goudy. Goudy, the innovator, the restless experimenter, went far beyond Morris, but even until shortly before his death he told this reviewer that he never doubted the purity and wholesome effects of Morris's concepts of craftmanship. Schmidt-Kiinsemiiller reaches the same con- clusion. The final chapter, on the effect of Morris on Germany, is the most valuable part of the monograph.. There is a good deal of background material on artistic ideals in Germany at the end of the last century and the new ideas that were in the air. Schmidt- Kiinsemiiller outlines the attitudes of Ger- man typographers from Rudolf Alexander Schroder and the Insel group to Emil Rudolf Weiss, Marcus Behmer, and Rudolf Koch. There was little blind imitation of Morris in Germany, but his influence was always there. William Morris und die neue Buchkunst is a basic work for the history of twentieth- century typography. A similar work, with more extensive analysis of the American scene, is needed in English. Schmidt- Kiinsemiiller's extensive bibliography will be useful to other students of typographical history. Although the third volume of the new edition of the Handbuch der Bibliothekswis- senschaft is not yet complete, the progress of the last three years (since the first fascicle appeared in 1953) deserves attention. This volume, which deals with the history of li- braries, has now progressed through the twelfth fascicle, and well over a thousand pages have been published. Fortunately, it is being divided into two parts. If the com- pleted text were bound as one volume, it would be quite unmanageable. The first part consists of the following ar- ticles: (1) the ancient Near East, by the late Fritz Milkau and Joseph Schawe; (2) Greco- Roman antiquity, by the late Carl Wendel and Willi Gober; (3) Byzantine libraries, by Viktor Burr; (4) Islamic libraries, by Kurt Holter; (5) medieval libraries, by the late Carl Christ and Anton Kern; (6) European libraries (except French) from the Renais- sance to the beginning of the Enlighten- ment, by the late Aloys Bomer and Hans 528 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Widmann; and (7) French libraries from the Renaissance to the present day, by the late Ludwig Klaiber and Albert Kolb. The first three fascicles of the second part are devoted to Georg Leyh's monumental his- tory of German libraries from the Enlighten- ment to the present day, probably the most important contribution in the entire vol- ume. Like the first edition, the new edition is comprehensive and fully documented. Each article is a detailed, generally definitive treatment of the subject concerned and will be generally recognized as the basic work. The first article, on the ancient Near East, appeared originally as a posthumous essay by Milkau in 1935 under the title of Geschichte der Bibliotheken im Alten Orient. It was in the same format and style as the Handbuch but it was not included in it. Collections of Egyptian, Sumerian, Babylonian, Hittite, and other important documents are discussed in a skillful syn- thesis of archeological, historical, and lin- guistic sources. The Wendel-Gober history of Greco- Roman libraries is the best treatment of a subject that has been gravely abused by many amateurs. The trash that has been published on the "Alexandrian Library" alone has been responsible for a widespread misunderstanding of library facilities in this ancient cultural center. J. W. Thompson's Ancient Libraries (1940) is the only reason- ably adequate short survey available in English, but it has certain shortcomings. Gober's revision of Wendel's work is dis- tinctly the most scholarly and dependable study of librarianship in ancient Greece and Rome that has ever been published. The undependable, superficial essay by S. K. Padover on Byzantine libraries in J. W. Thompson's The Medieval Library (1939) loses any significance when it is com- pared with Viktor Burr's 31-page essay on the same subject in the Handbuch. Still this field is an open one, and the Byzantin- ists need to do some spade work before the definitive history of Byzantine libraries can be written. Kurt Holter's essay on Islamic libraries is a fine synthesis of a subject for which there is a rich fund of source material and on which a great deal has been written in mod- ern times. Only J. Pedersen's Den arabiske bog (1946) is comparable in any way, but it is in a language read by relatively few librarians, and libraries are treated consider- ably less extensively than the physical book. Holter traces the rise of Arabic scholarship and the establishment of libraries all over the Near East and North Africa. Outposts of Islam such as Spain, the Maghreb, Tur- key, and Iran are not neglected. Although Holter's working material was enormous, he makes a judicious selection and organizes it well. Except for a few slight omissions in the bibliographies on Turkish libraries, his references can be the starting point for many other investigations. Carl Christ's essay on medieval libraries, revised by Anton Kern, covers the Middle Ages. The tremendous corpus of literature on the subject had already been well di- gested by Christ in the first edition of the Handbuch. His mature ideas on the subject, together with a criticism of J. W. Thomp- son's The Medieval Library (1939) and E. Lesne's Les Livres, "scriptoria" et bibli- otheques du commencement du VIIIe a la fin du XIe siecle (1938), is in a remarkable series of articles captioned "Bibliotheksge- schichte des Mittelalters; zur Methode und zur neuesten Literatur," Zentralblatt fur Bib- liothekswesen, LXI (1947), 38-56, 149-60, 233-52. This essay should be read by anyone who approaches the Christ-Kern contribution to the Handbuch. The Handbuch article it- self reflects the study of a lifetime, intimate acquaintances with primary sources as well as with modern scholarly literature. Thompson and his students had no such qualifications in the field of library history, and even Lesne lacks Christ's broad views. The actual con- tent of the essay is as much of a key to the Middle Ages as any book published in our day, whether a general survey or a special- ized study. The essay on the Renaissance to the En- lightenment by the late Aloys Bomer and Hans Widmann covers all of Europe except France and England. The two major coun- tries are, of course, Germany and Italy, but Spain, the Low Countries, Hungary, and the Slavic nations receive a proportionally large allocation of space. Renaissance, Ref- ormation, and Counter-Reformation, the three basic movements in the formation of NOVEMBER, 1956 529 modern Europe, are the critical periods for the rise of the great modern European li- braries. Here we have the seedbed of our occidental culture. The essay on French libraries from the Renaissance to the present by Klaiber and Kolb is one of the most valuable sections in the new edition of the Handbuch. There is no other comprehensive history of French libraries, and even the partial treatments are very few. Quite naturally, major em- phasis is on the libraries of Paris, but the noble collections of the provinces are not neglected. The final selection, on adminis- tration and financing of French libraries, is somewhat less than encouraging; but the larger picture is a brilliant one, for the re- sources of French libraries for humanistic and historical studies are unparalleled. The first essay in the second part of vol- ume three, Leyh's study of modern German libraries, is not complete at this writing and deserves an extended review as an inde- pendent monograph.—Lawrence S. Thomp- son, University of Kentucky Libraries. The Distribution and Cost of Library Service (Continued from page 482) differences that may affect service costs. T h e response of libraries to the pres- sures of institutional needs and growth are apparent f r o m these data. T h u s , the organization and cost of library service is directly related to the teaching and re- search program of the university of which the library is a part; indeed it is deter- m i n e d by the demands which students and faculty make u p o n it. T h e statistics seem to substantiate our hypotheses; and the suggestion is advanced that statistical analysis of the budgets of a larger sample of libraries should reach conclusions of high practical value in library adminis- tration. Eastern College Librarians Conference T h e 42nd annual Conference of Eastern College Librarians will be held in the Harkness A u d i t o r i u m , Butler Library, C o l u m b i a University, o n Saturday, N o v e m b e r 24, 1956. T h e m o r n i n g session, beginning at 9:45 a.m., will be o n the topic, "Staff Participation in Library Management." T h e afternoon session, starting at 2 p.m., is to be devoted to the topic of "Librarians as B o o k m e n . " Speakers at the m o r n i n g session will be E. H u g h Behymer and Keyes D. Metcalf; at the afternoon session, Bertha M . Frick, R i c h a r d S. Wormser, and Charles B. Shaw. 530 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES