College and Research Libraries \ \ Review Articles Recent Foreign Books on the Graphic Arts, Bibliography, and Library Science Horst Kunze's Bibliotheksverwaltungslehre (Leipzig, VEB Otto Harraso~itz, ~~~6) is the first volume in a new senes of Lehr- biicher fiir den Nachwuchs an wissenschaft- lichen Bibliotheken." It is a comprehensive manual of administrative practices in schol- arly libraries, based primarily on the exist- ing situation in East Germany, but fre- quently drawing· parallels with West Ger- many, the U. S. S. R., Western Europe, and the United States. Logically organized, an- notated with references to the most im- portant literature, and provided with a full index, Kunze's book meets the basic stand- ards of both a textbook for beginners and of a reference work for experienced librar- ians. For the non-German librarian, Kunze's book has two special virtues: (1) It provi.des a brief account of continental practices which vary from the Anglo-American, often with a brief historical note. For example, the traditional German abhorrence for non- lending reference libraries is explained. The background for the Preussische .lnst~uktion and its development are summanzed m con- cise and intelligible terms. The nature and function of union catalogs in Germany will be much clearer to American librarians who read the six pages on this subject. (2) The contrast with American practices, often brought out explicitly by Kunze, is enlight- ening and sometimes even suggestive. Until the second volume of the second edition of the Handbuch der Bibliotheks- wissenchaft appears, Kunze's work will be the definitive treatment of library adminis- tration in Germany, and even thereafter. Kunze 's lucid style and well-developed sense of logical organization will insure ~im a sizable audience for years to come. Wtlhelm Krabbe and Wilhelm Martin Luther, two West German librarians, are the authors of NOVEMBER 1957 a similar book printed in 1953 in West Ger- many, Lehrbuch der Bibliotheksverwaltungs- lehreJ an outstanding manual but neverthe- less somewhat short of Kunze's book on sev- eral points ~f scope and of organization of material. Both Kunze and Krabbe-Luther should be available in American research libraries. SPECIAL LIBRARIES A compact, well-organized manual for ~pe­ cial library work is Die wissenschaftlzche Fachbibliothek (Leipzig, VEB Otto Harras- sowitz, 1956) by Joachim Bramer and Dieter Vogel. An outline of the organization into chapters provides some idea of the scope: personnel and budget, spatial arrangements and equipment, acquisitions, cataloging, ar- rangement of books on the shelves, publiciz- ing the holdings, circulation and informa- tion services, cooperation with other librar- ies, statistics, evaluation of technical lit- erature and related bibliographical work, records, reports, and photographic services. The bibliography is a useful selective list of German works on special libraries, with a few English and Russian entries; but it could have been far more useful if more works from the rich American literature on special libraries had been cited. Bramer and Vogel have a firm grasp of their subject, and, while they direct their manual at continental practices in partic- ular, there are many specific points on which their text is universally valid. The spatial calculations for readers, librarians, books, and furniture _ (p. 18 et seq.), the structure and maintenance of the classed catalog (p. 45 et seq.), and the notes on copyright (p. 121), are a few examples of sections that may be particularly valuable to us. Perhaps most impressive is the em- phasis on special libraries in the countries with "people's democracies." Not only in East Germany but elsewhere beyond the Oder, special libraries are thriving, and many of them have developed unusually valuable collections and services. SOVIET LIBRARIANSHIP . V pomoshch' rabotnikam massovykh bib- liothek (Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe izdatel- 505 stvo kul'turno-prosvetitel'noi literatury, 1956; 489 pp.), edited by M. A. Potanova, is a representative collection of articles from recent volumes of the periodical Bibliotekar'. Librarians who do not follow Bibliotekar' regularly will find that this volume pro- vides much insight into ideas, policies, and programs of Soviet librarianship. As in near- ly all current Russian works in the field of librarianship, there is an excess of doctrin- aire Marxisip that has no special place in technical and scholarly works, but there is probably an equal amount of trite sentiment about the virtues of democracy in our li- brary literature. The significant thing about this book is that it summarizes the present . status of Soviet librarianship, and the result- ing picture is one that suggests strongly the need for much more careful study of mod- ern Russian library techniques than we have made in the past. The various essays in this volume are in eight groups: (1) political and scholarly as- pects of librarianship; (2) bibliographical studies of certain classical Russian authors; (3) the library and formal education; (4) rural library service; (5) problems of read- ers' advisors; (6) catalogs; (7) work with children and young people; and (8) li- brary history of the U. S. S. R. The second group is an important contribution to lit- erary history as a key to contemporary Rus- sian ideas about some of the leading au- thors in that language. The sixth group, on cataloging, deserves special study by acqui- sitions workers and catalogers, particularly in libraries that acquire a number of pub- lications in Cyrillic alphabets. On the whole, the entire book may be read with profit, for it opens many approaches to librarian- ship which are at considerable variance with our practices but which have much to offer to us. DANISH RoYAL LIBRARY The third volume (1956) of Fund og Forskning, the annual publication of the Danish Royal Library which is based largely on that library's holdings, contains thirteen articles, all provided with English sum- maries. Most of the articles deal with Danish subjects, but there are also many points of broader international interest. Palle Birke- lund's article on J oergen Andresen Boelling, royal librarian in 1861-62, refers to letters from Longfellow to Boelling now in the Royal Library. The Mozart bicentennial is celebrated with one article by Kaare Olsen on a leaf from Mozart's diary, now in the Royal Library, and with another by R. Paulli on the Widow Mozart (whose second hus- band was the Dane G. N. Nissen) and the Danish cpmposer C. E. F. Weyse. H. P. Rohde, a tireless student of the history of bookbinding, has identified hitherto un- known bindings by Jakob Krause, Anthoni Ludwig (Krause's master), and Caspar Meu- ser (Krause's pupil). R. Edelmann, the Royal Library's authority on Hebraica, de- scribes the Hebrew incunabula of Lazarus Goldschmidt (forty-four volumes and three fragments) acquired by the library in 1949. It should be remembered that the acquisi- tion in 1932 of the great collection of He- braica assembled by David Simonsen made the Danish Royal Library one of the out- standing libraries in this field. Henning Ein- ersen describes eleven other incunabula ac- quired by the library in 1943-56. Mogens Haugsted continues his article on Danish printers' marks begun in the second volume (1955) of Fund og Forskning. In this one he discusses the late seventeenth century, and in a concluding article he will discuss the eighteenth century. Ove K. Nordstrand makes his contribution to the history of the book with a valuable article on the first :Oanish books on illumination. Other articles deal with Struensee, Paul Martin Moeller and his biographer F. C. Olsen, Georg Bran- des and his enemies who kept him from a professional appointment in Copenhagen, and two H. C. Andersen dedications. Like its two predecessors, this volume of Fund og Forskning is distinguished for scholarly articles of a high order, based on the re- sources of one of the world's greatest li- braries. DRESDEN On two fateful nights in 1945 (February 13 and March 2) we managed to destroy the Japanese Palace in Dresden, home of the Sachsische Landesbibliothek, and nearly half of its collection. The tragic part of this tale is that neither of the great air raids was really necessary, for the Red Army was al- ready hammering at the gates of Saxony. 506 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES I J In the ten years since the catastrophe, the library has reassembled its surviving hold- ings, restored some of its rariora (including the great collection of Jakob Krause bind- ings), and added over one hundred thousand new volumes. This story and much more ap- pear in the quadricentennial jubilee volume, Sachsische LandesbibliothekJ Dresden (Leip- zig, VEB Otto Harrassowitz, 1956). In the four centuries since the founding by Elector August of Saxony, the library has developed some remarkable collections, many of which have survived the war, and, in the last cen- tury, an effective administrative organiza- tion. The Festschrift covers catalogs, special collections, the BuchmuseumJ and the his- tory .of the library. In the section on the catalogs there is a minute description of each catalog. The rules of the catchword catalog, compiled by Heinz Trepte, are es- pecially interesting for non-Germans. In the section on special collections there are notes on the rich holdings in manuscripts, maps, and music. The section on the book museum also contains detailed notes on the current exhibit, ranging from block books (an Ars Moriendi of 1405) to oriental and American (Mayan) manuscripts. Twenty-eight Jakob Krause bindings and two bindings by Krause's pupil, Caspar Meuser, are displayed. The frontispiece shows a magnificent Krause binding of 1573. This Festschrift is a mem- orable and edifying volume, a worthy monu- ment to a great library which was nearly destroyed but which has come back stronger than ever. ARCHEOLOGY A substantial series of scholarly studies in philology and history is the Studier fra Sprog- og OldtidsforskningJ sponsored by the Filologisk-Historiske Samfund of Copenha- gen. No. 227 is Mogens Weitemeyer's Baby- lonske og Assyriske Biblioteker (Copenha- gen, Branner og Korch, 1955. 104 pp. 10 pl.), a comprehensive history of Babylonian and Assyr ian libraries that takes us far beyond the status of scholarly investigations repre- sented in the well-known works of Milkau and Chiera. Weitemeyer summarizes the re- ports of investigations at each of the sites of rna jor excavations, giving special empha- sis to discoveries of all types of clay tablets. NOVEMBER 1957 The latter part of the study deals with ac- tual archival and library organization (build- ings, cataloging, shelving, clay tablets as vo- tive offerings, divine protection of tablets, and organization for use). Maps, a list of symbols, an extensive critical apparatus, and photographs complete the work. Weitemeyer traces the rise of the Baby- lonian-Assyrian clay tablet libraries to rec- ords of temple finances. General temple and palace archives gradually developed from this point. The latter are most commonly lo- cated in Assyria, but also private archives may be found. In general, Weitemeyer em- phasizes the close connection between ar- chives and the community's economic life. From the archives it was an easy step to the addition of literary, historical (chronologi- cal), and mathematical texts. The first li- braries in the true sense came during the Isin-Larsa-Babylon period, when the Akka- dian language and culture were supplanting the Sumerian, a time of much literary activ- ity. Later on, collections of Sumerian-Ak- kadian literature were found beyond the limits of Babylon, in such places as Ashur, Ugarit, Tell-el-Amarna, and Hattusha, a re- flection of the Assyrian policy of absorbing and perpetuating Babylonian culture. Weite- meyer concludes that these libraries not only served as guardians of tradition but also as instruments for spreading Babylonian cul- ture to the Hittites, the Egyptians, the He- brews, and the Aramaeans. It is unfortunate that this exceptionally important chapter-indeed, the first chapter -in the history of libraries is in a relatively little-known language. The publishers should find it well worth while to bring out an Eng- lish, German, or French edition. The book presents no new facts or ideas, but there is no other equally competent resume of the subject. SoviET PERIODICALs From the Institut Istorii Estestvoznaniia i Tekhniki of the Akademia Nauk S. S. S. R. comes IU. A. Mezhenko's important bibliog- raphy of Russkaia tekhnicheskaia periodiki 1800-1916 (Moscow, Izadatel'stvo Akademii Nauk S. S. S. R., 1955; 300 pp.). This work lists 415 technical journals published in Russian during the nineteenth century and up to the revolution. Mezhenko includes ex- 507 tensive bibliographical information about each entry, viz., dates of publication, editors, publishers, format and pagination (indicat- · ing changes during the entire history of the publication), indices, supplements, and ob- jectives and policies. There are a number of facsimiles of title pages, first pages, and covers of some of the more important peri- odicals. The arrangement is alphabetical by title; and the indexes include a summarized alphabetical list of titles, a classified index, a topographical index of places of publica- tion (with a surprising number in the prov- inces, outside of St. Petersburg and Mos- cow), a chronological list (with about 70 per cent falling in the short period between 1900 and 1916), an index of editors and publishers, an index of collaborators and authors mentioned in the various entries, an index of exhibitions, an index of con - gresses and conferences, an index of agen- cies and institutions, an index of copy- righted journals, and an index of learned societies. ·Many of the periodicals listed b y Mez- henko do not exist in American libraries, if a sample check of some fifty titles in vari- ous union lists, union catalogs, and lists of journals held by a few special libraries may be trusted. Whether they are needed here is open to question, since many of them are clearly secondary and local. On the other hand, the Russians have a special genius for publishing occasional important works in obscure organs. All of them, moreover, form a certain part of the background for the enormous technological advances of the So- viet Union in the last three decades. A care- ful study of the need for reproducing (if possible) those journals that American li- braries do not have would not be a waste of time. The over-all quality of the various titles contrasts unfavorably with post-revolution- ary titles. A comparison of this list with Russian journals issued in the last three decades would be a significant chapter of cultural history. UNION LIST Josef Lomsky is the editor of Soup is cizo- zemskych periodik technickych a pribuznych v knihovnd.ch Ceskoslovenske Republiky (Prague, Nakladatelstvi Ceskoslovenske aka- demie ved, 1955-56; 2 vols.), an important union list of technical and scientific journals in Czechoslovakian libraries. The two vol- umes include some eleven thousand titles with locations and holdings in all scholarly libraries in Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia. From a practical standpoint, the list will be useful to western European and American libraries for the identification of many ob- scure central European and Slavic publica- tions. Czech librarians have been remark- ably zealous, however, in the collection of basic scientific litera ture, and the list also includes many unusual, often rare, titles from western Europe, Africa, and Asia. Czech libraries seem to be only fairly strong in North American scientific periodical lit- erature, although all of the more important titles are on hand ; and a noticeable defi- ciency is the paucity of Spanish and Latin- American journals. The editorial work has been meticulously accurate, and hardly any typographical errors may be found, despite the large number of languages represented in the list. FESTSCHRIFTEN Ulf Kjaer Hansen's Danske ]ubilaeums- skrifter; en Bibliografi og et Fors¢g pa en Vurdering (Copenhagen, Einar Harcks For- lag, 1955; "Skrifter for Salgsorganisation og Reklame ved Handelsh~jskolen i K~ben­ havn ," 18) is a guide to a body of litera- ture that often contains basic source mate- rial. If, however, a quick check of eighty en- tries in the National Union Catalog is a de- pendable guide to their availability in this country, few American libraries own them. Only seven locations were found. The Danes are great enthusiasts for an- niversary volumes in all fields of human endeavor. Newspapers, restaurants, museums, banks, singing societies, dairies, soccer teams, and brandy distilleries are among the wide variety of honorees which may be found in this bibliography. Some of the titles are un- important, but others, such as H. P. Rohde's Dansk Bogillustration 1800-1890 or T . Vogel- ] ~rgensen's Berlingske Tidende gennem to Hundrede Aar) 1749-1949 (1959: 3 vols.) , are of greatest importance. Hansen lists over five thousand jubilee publications from 1723 to 1950. The arrangement is by year and alphabetically by author under each 508 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES year. Unfortunately, there is no author or subject index. Hansen's introductory essay on the development of the genre, its char- acter, function, and content, and the volume of publication is a valuable contribution to the history of publishing. There is no Eng- lish summary, a customary feature of other volumes in this series. The bibliography is, nevertheless, a reference work of consider- able value and has a place in all large li- braries. ILLUSTRATED BIBLIOGRAPHY The publication of the fourth and final volume of Joachim Kirchner's Lex ikon des Buchw esens marks the completion of a sig- nificant reference work, of which the last two volumes have no counterpart in mod- ern times. The third and fourth volumes are a B ilderatlas zum Buchwesen and con- stitute a pictorial record of all aspects of the book, bibliography, and librarianship. To assemble a comparable graphic record of the book, it would be necessary to go through a collection of books and periodi- cals that may be found only in the largest libraries. The first volume of illustrations (vol. III of the whole work) contained material on the book in general, book illustration, and bookbinding, amounting to 412 illustrations in all. The second volume of illustrations (vol. IV of the whole work) contains ma- terial on printing, paper, . the book trade , libraries, and book collecting, 545 illustra- tions in all. The problem of selection was clearly a difficult one, and all such works are open to criticism. Kirchner, however, has surely attained his basic objective of adequate pictorial documentation of the book. The section on libraries is especially sig- nificant, for it includes many exteriors and interiors not generally familiar to Amer- ican librarians. The J agiellonian Library in Cracow, the new University of Saarbriicken Library, and the Bulgarian National Li- brary are a few which rarely appear in pub- lications read by English-speaking librarians. There are several interesting examples of the old hall-library for such noble collections as the Austrian National Library or the St. Gall Stiftsbibliothek (but totally inadequate for a modern functional library). .lVOVEMBER 1957 The two volumes of the Bilderatlas zum Buchwesen should be required for study somewhere in the professional training of every librarian and bookseller. Without a graphic concept of the material reproduced in these two volumes, a bookman can be at best little more than an ambulant Univac machine. SWEDISH PRINTING Bengt Bengtsson's Svenskt stilgjuteri fore ar 1700; studier i svensk boktryckerihistoria (Stockholm, Skolan for bokhantverk, 1956) is one of those distinguished Scandinavian doctoral dissertations which deserve a far better fate than interment in the compact bookstacks of MILC. The history of type founding in Sweden reflects , in general, the same trends that were dominant nearly everywhere north of the Alps. At the same time, however, the embryonic state of Euro- pean industry and the problems of transpor- tation compelled all printers to show consid- erable resourcefulness as type founders and even ink, press, and occasionally paper manufacturers. One of the most remarkable innovations was the creation of a runic al- phabet by the learned antiquarian Johannes Bureus, . around the beginning of the seven- teenth century. Another unusual aspect of Swedish type founding was the work of Peter van Selow after 1618. He was origi- nally employed to cut Cyrillic types for Sweden's new Baltic provinces, but soon he acquired a virtual monopoly on type pro- duction, both Gothic and Roman. In gen- eral, German influences were predominant in Swedish type design .until the latter part of the seventeenth century, when Dutch in- fluences became predominant. Bengtsson's meticulous study has taken him not only to collections of early Swed- ish printed books but also to long-forgotten specimen sheets, estate inventories, and re- lated documents. The text is richly illus- trated with facsimiles, and there is an ex- tensive English summary. Bengtsson's work is a cornerstone in Swedish typographical studies and a model for similar studies in other countries. LI.TERARY DICTIONARIES A series of recent German literary dic- tionaries deserves special attention, since the 509 entire group has relatively little duplication, and each volume has its particular use. The Kleines literarisches Lexikon (Bern, Francke, 1953), e?ited by Wolfgang Kayser, incorpo- rates three earlier literary dictionaries pub- lished by Francke as vols. 15-17 of the well known "Sammlung Dalp," viz., Literarisches SachworterbuchJ Deutsche LiteraturJ and Weltliteratur. The first 162 pages of this new edition constitute a separate dictionary of literary terms, genres, and concepts. The next 415 pages include an alphabetical bio- bibliographical dictionary of world litera- ture. The last twenty-five pages contain an index arranged according to national litera- tures, with a list of authors on whom there are articles under each literature and a few chrestomathies. Most of the articles in both parts of the dictionary proper contain refer- ences mainly, but not exclusively, in Ger- man. The articles are not signed, but the introduction lists the contributors in each field. The Kleines literarisches Lexikon is handy, accurate, and authoritative. As a desk reference, it has no equal among single-vol- ume works in small format. Quite naturally, the job of selection was the most difficult. The twenty American authors are well cho- sen (although there is the ubiquitous Jack London, a sine qua non for a European work dealing with American literature) and are given the right proportional space. There is an overwhelming proportion of German writers, but it is the announced intention of the work to be a dictionary of world litera- ture and German literature. LITERARY HANDBOOK For students of classical literature who find the Oxford Classical Dictionary a bit too ponderous for desk use, the Oxford Companion to Classical Literature (1937) or the recent Kleines Lexikon der Antike (Bern, Francke, 1950; 2nd ed.; "Sammlung Dalp," vol. 14) by Otto Hiltbrunner are con- siderably more practical for ready reference. Hiltbrunner and the Oxford Companion cover essentially the same ground, but they use q. large proportion of different entry words and thus supplement one another. Hiltbrunner has the useful feature of short bibliographies, missing from the Oxford Companion and many short reference books of a similar type in English. Hiltbrunner covers all aspects of antiquity, including lit- erature, history, art, philosophy, geography, and mythology. His chronological range ex- tends from pre-Homeric times up to the sixth century A.D. Just as in the Kleines lit- erarisches LexikonJ the most difficult prob- lem in compiling the Kleines Lexikon der A ntike was selection and limitation. Hilt- brunner met this challenge admirably, and the final result is a dependable but conven- ient work that should find a home not only in scholars' studies but also in libraries' reference collections. MoDERN LITERATURE Two dictionaries of modern literature by Franz Lennartz have appeared in the series of "Kroners Taschenausgaben." The first is Dichter und Schriftsteller unserer Zeit (Stutt- gart, Alfred Kroner Verlag, 1954: 6th ed. of Die Dichter unserer Zeit), with biographies of 273 modern German authors, and the sec- ond is A usliindische Dichter und Schrift- steller unserer Zeit (Stut~gart, Alfred Kro- ner Verlag, 1955), with biographies of over three hundred non-German writers. Much like such works as Twentieth Century Au- thors) these two books have compact, highly readable sketches of writers who have been productive in the last fifty years. The volume on German writers is espe- cially valuable. It covers many authors whose names appear frequently in the English-lan- guage press, but who are known only slight- ly outside of German-speaking countries. At the same time, we get new insights into the work of such well-translated authors as Franz Werfel, Stefan Zweig, or Lion Feuchtwanger. Lennartz includes not only belletristic writ- ers but also journalists such as C. W. Ceram (Kurt W. Marek), travellers such as Hein- rich Hauser, and other modern German writers in all fields who have enjoyed a wide readership. Lennartz' work is a useful and entertaining companion to twentieth-cen- tury German literature. The problem of compiling the book on A usliindische Dichter und Schriftsteller un- serer Zeit was a difficult one. In general, Lennartz' choices are felicitous, and he has omitted no major writer in any language. 510 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES The sketches range from one to ten pages and are written in an unusually spritely style for a reference work, but without the loss of dignity and perspective. Only belle- tristic writers are included. All their major works are mentioned in the text of the ar- ticle, and a symbol is used to indicate wheth- er German translations exist. This latter fea- ture is quite valuable in the case of certain Slavic authors whose works have not been completely translated into English. Together, Lennartz' two volumes are ex- ceptionally useful for the study of modern literature. They are actually more than ordi- nary literary biographical dictionaries, since many of the articles are long enough to pro- vide some critical perspective. BILINGUAL DICTIONARY To evaluate properly any bilingual dic- tionary requires constant use over a period of several years to ascertain its comprehen- siveness, accuracy, adaptability to various types of reading matter, sense for idiom and syntax, and the utility of its special features. The late Karl Wildhagen's English -German Dictionary (Wiesbaden, Brandstetter Ver- lag, 1956; 6th ed.) assumed its present form with the third edition of 1946, and it has been widely accepted in German-speaking countries, although it is somewhat less well known in English-speaking countries. The second volume , German-English Dic- tionary (Wiesbaden, Brandstetter Verlag, 1953) required eight years for completion by Will Heraucourt, and those who have used it for the past four years have found in it substantially the same qualities that distin- guished the first volume. With the supple- mentary material, the second volume in- cludes 1,345 closely printed, double-col- umned pages (as against 822 triple-columned pages in the English-German volume); and it is likely that no other desk dictionary with one volume for each alphabet exceeds it in scope. Like virtually all continental bi- lingual dictionaries, the Wildhagen-Herau- court shows a definite bias towards British English ; due attention is, nevertheless, given to American idiom and pronunciation. There is a high degree of idiomatic accu- racy, and particular attention is given to specialized jargons. The vocabularies of NOVEMBER 1957 printing and bookbinding were checked in the Wildhagen-Heraucourt and in three other German-English desk dictionaries. None included all the less well-known terms, but the Wildhagen-Heraucourt contained a larger number of the more common terms than any other. Special sections in the Ger- man-English volume are given over to geo- graphical names, abbreviations, weights and measures, and German paradigms. Of all the English-German and German-English desk dictionaries ·in print at present, the Wild- hagen-Heraucourt may be given the highest recommendation. PHILOSOPHY With Hinrich Knittermeyer's revisiOn of the second volume of Karl VorH.i.nder's Ge- schichte der Philosophie (Hamburg, Verlag von Richard Meiner, 1955; 9th ed.) under the title of "Die Philosophic der Neuzeit his Kant," the first postwar edition of this now classic history of philosophy is two- thirds complete. The ninth edition of the first volume appeared in 1949 under the edi- torship of Erwin Metzke and with a conclud- ing chapter (mainly on Nicholas of Cusa) by the late Ernst Hoffmann. A final volume, "Nachkantische Philosophic his zur Gegen- wart," to conclude the set, will appear early in 1958 under the editorship of Professor Knittermeyer. VorH.i.nder's great work is probably the most convenient of all short histories of philosophy, and the slow proc- ess of revision of Vberweg makes VorH.i.nder a fundamental piece of furniture in any phi- losopher's study or scholarly library. Most valuable of all are the carefully selected bib- liographies of secondary literature to accom- pany the lists of critical editions. At the same time, however, the narrative part of the history is compact, accurate, and well adapted to ready reference. The entire text and bibliographies have been completely revised from the prewar edition. Special attention should be given to the revision of Hoffmann's pages on Nich- olas Cusa. Hoffmann's monumental edition of Nicholas and the recognition of Cusanus as one of the last German mystics have ne- cessitated this chapter. Knittermeyer's de- tailed treatment of the life and teachings of Kant is a special feature of his revision of the second volume. 511