College and Research Libraries likely. It d e p e n d s , of course, o n w h a t k i n d of l i b r a r y service is b e i n g p r o v i d e d . T h e r e were e x p e n d i t u r e - p e r - s t u d e n t lows of $14.77, $8.14, $11.21, a n d $12.96 f o r the f o u r g r o u p s of l i b r a r i e s in the CRL statistics. It is ques- t i o n a b l e if these i n s t i t u t i o n s a r e well s e r v e d by their l i b r a r i e s . I n library service, a s in m o s t things, y o u g e t w h a t y o u p a y for, e v e n t h o u g h there m a y b e o c c a s i o n a l b a r g a i n s . A g a i n s t the b a c k g r o u n d of p r i n c i p l e s of c o l l e g e l i b r a r y service, M e t c a l f o u t l i n e s a p r o g r a m f o r c o o p e r a t i v e l i b r a r y service which w o u l d w i d e n the s c o p e of the H a m p - shire I n t e r - L i b r a r y C e n t e r to i n c l u d e as as- s o c i a t e m e m b e r s D a r t m o u t h , T r i n i t y ( H a r t - f o r d ) , W e s l e y a n , W i l l i a m s , a n d the F o r b e s L i b r a r y in N o r t h a m p t o n . A s s o c i a t e m e m b e r s w o u l d p r o v i d e e n t r i e s f o r a p a r t i a l u n i o n c a t a l o g , m a k e m a t e r i a l s l i s t e d in such a cata- l o g a v a i l a b l e to f a c u l t y m e m b e r s a n d ad- v a n c e d s t u d e n t s of the m e m b e r a n d associate- m e m b e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , d e t e r m i n e if m a t e r i a l s a r e in the C e n t e r b e f o r e a p p l y i n g elsewhere f o r i n t e r l i b r a r y l o a n s , a n d c o n s u l t w i t h the C e n t e r ' s c a t a l o g b e f o r e new s u b s c r i p t i o n s a r e p l a c e d f o r h i g h l y s p e c i a l i z e d serials, be- f o r e p u r c h a s i n g b a c k files of serials, a n d be- f o r e b u y i n g b o o k s of the k i n d l i s t e d in the c a t a l o g . D e l i b e r a t e p u r c h a s i n g of m a t e r i a l s w o u l d n o t b e p r e v e n t e d , b u t the l i b r a r i a n s w o u l d k n o w w h e n they w o u l d b e d u p l i c a t - ing. It is e s t i m a t e d t h a t the p a r t i a l u n i o n c a t a l o g w o u l d cost $12,000. A p o s s i b l e b u d g e t f o r the C e n t e r f o r a year in the early 1960's w o u l d b e $40,000, n o t i n c l u d i n g i n c o m e o r e x p e n d i t u r e s m a d e p o s s i b l e by g r a n t s , en- d o w m e n t s , o r the sale of d u p l i c a t e s . A g a i n , M e t c a l f o u t of his e x p e r i e n c e cau- tions a g a i n s t " d a n g e r s that call f o r c o n t i n u e d v i g i l a n c e . " T h e s e i n v o l v e those difficulties which " a r i s e i n e v i t a b l y f r o m the n a t u r e of l i b r a r i e s , a c a d e m i c i n s t i t u t i o n s , a n d h u m a n b e i n g s . " C o o p e r a t i o n is a two-way street, a n d the i d e a of c o m p e t i t i o n m u s t b e s u b m e r g e d if it is to b e f u r t h e r e d . M e t c a l f suggests that " a d m i n i s t r a t i v e officials a n d l i b r a r i a n s a r e p e r h a p s m o r e likely t h a n p r o f e s s o r s to r e g a r d o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s as rivals of their o w n a n d t o b e i m p a t i e n t with the r e s t r a i n t s o n com- p l e t e f r e e d o m of a c t i o n that a r e b o u n d to b e e n t a i l e d by c o o p e r a t i o n . " T h i s is a n in- t e r e s t i n g h y p o t h e s i s , since m a n y l i b r a r i a n s b e l i e v e that p r o f e s s o r s a r e likely to b e m o r e c o n c e r n e d t h a n a n y o n e else. T h e i m p o r t a n t p o i n t is to m a k e sure that the " h u m a n be- i n g s " i n v o l v e d in the c o o p e r a t i v e p r o j e c t u n d e r s t a n d f u l l y w h a t is b e i n g p l a n n e d , a n d h o w the i n d i v i d u a l i n s t i t u t i o n will b e n e f i t by the p r o j e c t . O i l i n g a n d r e p a i r i n g a r e j u s t as i m p o r t a n t h e r e as in the care of a n y o t h e r m a c h i n e . T h e H a m p s h i r e I n t e r - L i b r a r y C e n t e r in its six years of e x i s t e n c e h a s b e e n a d e m o n s t r a - tion of c o o p e r a t i o n which suggests enlarge- m e n t of s c o p e . It w o u l d s e e m that s o m e t i m e in the f u t u r e it m a y b e u s e f u l to h a v e a com- p l e t e study of the use to which m a t e r i a l s in the C e n t e r h a v e b e e n p u t . U n d o u b t e d l y , " t h e C e n t e r is m a k i n g e a c h d o l l a r g o f u r t h e r t h a n it w o u l d g o if s p e n t by a n i n d i v i d u a l l i b r a r y . " — M a u r i c e F. Tauber, Columbia University. Documentation and Information Retrieval Documentation and Information Retrieval: An Introduction to Basic Principles and Cost Analysis. By J . W . Perry a n d A l l e n K e n t . W i t h a F o r e w o r d by J . H . S h e r a . N e w Y o r k : Press of W e s t e r n R e s e r v e U n i - versity a n d I n t e r s c i e n c e P u b l i s h e r s , Inc., 1 9 5 7 . 1 5 6 p . $ 5 . 0 0 . A l o n g - s t a n d i n g n e e d f o r critical analysis of i n f o r m a t i o n r e t r i e v a l in the p r e s e n t a n d p o t e n t i a l states of the a r t is r e c o g n i z e d in this m o n o g r a p h . T h e n e e d is n o t f u l l y m e t , b u t as a first a t t a c k the a p p r o a c h is praise- worthy. A m a t h e m a t i c a l m o d e l system is set u p , with f o r m u l a t i o n s which a r e c o m p r e h e n s i b l e to c o m m o n m i n d s . I n d e e d , the m a t h e m a t i c a l p r e s e n t a t i o n is p l a i n e r t h a n the v e r b a l ex- p l a n a t i o n , which uses t o o m a n y words. J u - d i c i o u s v e r b a l p r u n i n g w o u l d h a v e i m p r o v e d clarity. C o s t analysis difficulties h a v e l o n g h a n d i - c a p p e d p r a c t i t i o n e r s of i n f o r m a t i o n r e t r i e v a l who p r e a c h the necessity of a cost-perform- a n c e a n a l y s i s b e f o r e a p p r o v i n g a system o r p r o j e c t . T h e c h a p t e r s o n cost a n a l y s i s in this m o n o g r a p h will g i v e a i d a n d c o m f o r t to these a p o s t l e s of analysis. T h e critical f a c u l t y is e x e r c i s e d , as is necessary for such analyses, b u t n o t f a r e n o u g h . T h e r e is n o a d e q u a t e r e c o g n i t i o n of the i n t a n g i b l e f a c t o r s which 162 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES act like m e r c u r y o n glass when the analyst tries t o p u t a finger o n them. T h e c h a p t e r s o n c o r r e l a t i o n of m e t h o d s a n d o n systems d e s i g n d o n o t b r i n g o u t clearly e n o u g h the n a t u r e a n d m a g n i t u d e of the g a p n o w e x i s t i n g b e t w e e n systems d e s i g n a n d m a c h i n e d e s i g n . C l a s s i f i c a t i o n a n d cod- i n g systems h a v e n o t yet c a u g h t u p with ex- i s t i n g m a c h i n e p o t e n t i a l i t i e s ; d e s i g n e r s can say, " T e l l us h o w to p r o g r a m y o u r r e q u i r e - m e n t s a n d we e i t h e r h a v e a m a c h i n e to suit, o r we can m a k e o n e . " T h i s s i t u a t i o n m i g h t b e r e a d b e t w e e n the lines, t h o u g h the a c t u a l w o r d i n g s o m e t i m e s seems to s u g g e s t that m a c h i n e d e s i g n is b e h i n d r a t h e r t h a n a h e a d of systems d e s i g n . A g a i n , g r e a t e r clarity c o u l d h a v e b e e n a c h i e v e d in fewer w o r d s . T h e glossary of terms at the e n d is a u s e f u l f e a t u r e . E x c e p t i o n can b e t a k e n t o s o m e of the d e f i n i t i o n s , b u t u n a n i m o u s a g r e e m e n t i n this a r e a is r a r e . D i s s e n t e r s a r e f r e e to r o l l their o w n . T h e i n d e x of s y m b o l s is a l s o use- f u l . S i n c e the text says m u c h a b o u t i n d e x i n g , the i n d e x s h o u l d b e a n d is well d o n e ; the selection a n d a r r a n g e m e n t of e n t r i e s a r e c o m m e n d a b l e . — J u l i a n F. Smith, Lenoir- Rhyne College. Books West Southwest Books West Southwest, Essays on Writers, Their Books, and Their Land. B y L a w - r e n c e C l a r k Powell. L o s A n g e l e s : W a r d R i t c h i e Press (1957). If D r . Powell's l i b r a r y r u n s o u t of b o o k s o n e day h e m a y always r e p l e n i s h it with b o o k s of his own c o m p o s i t i o n . H i s latest collection c o n t a i n s twelve essays d i v i d e d i n t o three sections: A r i z o n a a n d N e w M e x - ico (with a s i d e g l a n c e at T e x a s ) , the Cali- f o r n i a coast a r o u n d B i g S u r , a n d L o s A n g e l e s with its n e i g h b o r s — t h e L a n d of the F u t u r e , m a y the L o r d h e l p us! W i t h e x c e p t i o n of those d e v o t e d to R o b i n - son J e f f e r s , the a u t h o r ' s chief literary en- t h u s i a s m , a n d to P r o f . J . F . D o b i e , the essays d e a l with the S o u t h w e s t a n d a selection of its l i t e r a t u r e . D r . Powell h a s e x p e r i e n c e d pow- e r f u l r e s p o n s e s to the u n i q u e c o l o r o f t h e S o u t h w e s t , a n d h e h a s n u r t u r e d a n d a m p l i - fied t h e m t h r o u g h m u c h r e a d i n g a n d writ- i n g . I n these essays h e a g a i n tries to r e p a y the d e b t he owes to the l a n d a n d the liter- a t u r e by s e t t i n g o u t " t o re-create in p r o s e w h a t m a k e s this c o u n t r y so i n c r e a s i n g l y m e a n i n g f u l a n d necessary to o n e . " H i s m e t h o d is to seek w h a t h e calls essences, which h e finds in " a l t i t u d e , d i s t a n c e , color, c o n f i g u r a t i o n , history, a n d c u l t u r e . " T o t r a n s m i t these m a t e r i a l s i n t o e v o c a t i v e p r o s e is his i n t e n t . D r . Powell's interest a n d r e a d i n g h a v e b e e n l o n g a n d w i d e , m a k i n g his essays a p l e a s a n t i n t r o d u c t i o n f o r those w h o h a v e lit- tle or n o e x p e r i e n c e with the states o r the b o o k s h e describes. U s i n g a selective m e t h o d (he d i s c l a i m s a n y a t t e m p t a t b e i n g exhaus- tive), h e r e l a t e s the effects which s o m e twen- ty-five b o o k s , chiefly novels, h a v e h a d o n his u n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d e m o t i o n a l r e s p o n s e to C a l i f o r n i a a n d the S o u t h w e s t . H i s choice is i n t e r e s t i n g a n d we o w e h i m t h a n k s f o r r e m i n d i n g us a g a i n of W i l l a C a t h e r ' s b e a u - t i f u l Death Comes for the Archbishop a n d f o r r e v i v i n g H a n i e l L o n g ' s p r o f o u n d Inter- linear to Cabeza de Vaca. T h e c h a p t e r o n J e f f e r s p o r t r a y s h i m as a m a j o r p o e t a n d a u n i v e r s a l m a n . Particu- larly i n t e r e s t i n g is the c l a i m t h a t J e f f e r s h a d " G o e t h e ' s u n i v e r s a l m i n d , " s o m e six years a f t e r g r a d u a t i o n f r o m college. J e f f e r s himself is q u o t e d as w r i t i n g that h e " a l w a y s r a t h e r d i s l i k e d G o e t h e a n d his f a m e . " A j u d g m e n t is m a d e that J e f f e r s is c o m m i t t e d to classical m o d e l s , A r i s t o t e l i a n a n d others, while at t h e s a m e time he d i s p l a y s s o m e k i n d of C h r i s t i a n m o r a l i t y by c l e a v i n g a t h o r o u g h f a r e t h r o u g h c o m p l e x e m o t i o n t o a r r i v e at a " l y s i s , " a s e t t l e m e n t , a n d a n ad- j u s t e d b a l a n c e . It seems t o m e the case is n o t c o n v i n c i n g o n the b a s i s of the e v i d e n c e p r e s e n t e d . T h e a u t h o r uses a l a r g e n u m b e r of f o r e i g n w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s , s o m e of which a r e incor- rect o r i n c o n s i s t e n t . F o r e x a m p l e , p . 106, r e a d s todas i n s t e a d of todos; a c c e n t s a r e s o m e t i m e s p r e s e n t o n S p a n i s h w o r d s , some- times n o t ; two species of o a k a r e g i v e n S p a n i s h n a m e s u s u a l l y g i v e n to o t h e r spe- cies, a n d there a r e o t h e r puzzles, which m a y , however, b e t r a c e d to careless p r o o f r e a d i n g , as m a y b e a l s o a n u m b e r of w r o n g w o r d divisions. T h e b o o k is nicely p r i n t e d a n d p l e a s a n t l y b o u n d . — J o s e p h Rubinstein, University of Kansas. MARCH 1958 163-