College and Research Libraries By K A R O L M A I C H E L Bibliographical Guides to Russian Periodical Publications, 1901-1956 ON E O F T H E M A I N bibliographical problems in Russian scholarship is the lack of a complete, general, retro- spective bibliography of Russian period- ical publications of the twentieth cen- tury.1 T h i s paper intends to familiarize the librarian with the most useful bib- liographical works on Russian periodical publications covering this period. If not otherwise indicated, the bibliographies given list all material published on a periodic (or regular) basis, i.e., journals, newspapers, bulletins, etc. U p to 1949, there was no work com- pletely covering the prerevolutionary pe- riod of the twentieth century. In that year, the Saltykov-Shchedrin Public Li- brary published the Predvaritel'nyi spi- sok periodicheskikh izdanii Rossii 1901- 1916 godov,2 under the editorship of Iu. A. Mezhenko. This work attempted a complete coverage of the periodical press for the first sixteen years of the twentieth century. It lists 14,362 items (journals, newspapers, bulletins, collec- tions) by place of publication, beginning with St. Petersburg and Moscow, with the other cities following in alphabeti- cal order. Within the category of each 1 T h e eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries are well covered in the following three w o r k s : N . M. Li- sovskii, Russkaia periodicheskaia pechat'. 1703-1900; V. I . Sreznevskii, Spisok russkikh povremennykh tsdanii. 1703-1899; and A. N. Neustroev, Istoricheskoe rozyskanie o russkikh povr. izd. i sbornikakh za 1703- 1802 gg, f r o m which Lisovskii's work is the most comprehensive. For i n f o r m a t i o n about these materials, see N . V. Zdobnov, Istoriia russkoi bibliografii do nachala XX veka, 3rd ed., Goskul'tprosvetizdat, Mos- cow, 1955, pp. 407-411. 2 P r e l i m i n a r y list of Periodical Publications in Rus- sia 1901-1916. ( L e n i n g r a d , 1949, 306p. At head of title: Gos. Publichnaia biblioteka im. M. E. Saltykova- S h c h e d r i n a . ) Mr. Maichel is Slavic Librarian, Co- lumbia University Libraries. city, material is listed in alphabetical order, and the description of each item generally includes title, year of publica- tion, change of title (if any), supple- ments, periodicity, and place of publi- cation. At the end of the work there is an alphabetical index of titles, not in- cluding those published in St. Peters- burg and Moscow, as well as an alpha- betical index of places of publication. T h e Predvaritel'nyi spisok was based on material in the Soviet libraries, as well as on various bibliographical regis- trations. Since only 3,500 items or so were verified de visu, all but these 3,500 are numbered 1, 2, or 3, to indicate the validity of the source, the numeral 1 in- dicating the highest reliability, 3 the least.3 Since this work has not been pub- lished for general consumption, serving as its title indicates, as a preliminary list which will eventually be revised and enlarged into a six-volume work, only a very few American libraries pos- sess copies. Because of this, and because it does not have a chronological index —the importance of which, of course, cannot be overstressed—the librarian will generally be forced to turn to the numerous annual bibliographies cover- ing this period. T h e best of these are outlined below. On April 5, 1865, the Chief Adminis- tration of Printed Works4 took charge of censorship, and in this capacity be- gan the official registration of Russian 3 Although a most commendable work, it lacks com- pleteness. A more detailed critical evaluation of this work can be f o u n d in A. V. Velizheva's article "Bib- liografiia periodicheskikh i z d a n i i " in Sovetskaia Bib- liografiia, 43 (1956), 10-17. 4 Glavnoe Upravlenie po Delam Pechati. MAY 1958 209 book output. 5 A list of books published was put out annually; a periodical list was published irregularly, and under various titles, until 1889. From 1889 to 1905, this list was published as Spisok periodicheskikh izdanii v Rossiiskoi im- perii, za iskliucheniem vykhodiashchikh v svet v FinlandiiDuring this period, the list was published in 1889, 1891, 1894, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1903, and 1905, and, except for 1905, always appeared first in the various numbers of Pravitel'- stvennyi Vestnik/ and was later put out in individual reprints. T h e arrangement, beginning with 1882, is by place of pub- lication, beginning with St. Petersburg and Moscow, and continuing with the provinces in alphabetical order. Within each of these geographical categories, material was arranged according to lan- guage, and beginning with those in Rus- sian. T h e description of each item is de- tailed, including title, subtitle, editors, year of publication, periodicity, supple- ments, and price. However, this series does not com- pletely cover periodical output for the first five years of the twentieth century, and other guides must be consulted. One of the best of these is f o u n d in A. Suvorin's Russkii Kalendaf ,8 which, from 1873 to 1905, included an annual list of periodicals published under the heading "Periodicheskie izdaniia." 9 Al- though Suvorin's list is far from com- plete, it nevertheless covers a number of titles omitted by the publication of the Chief Administration of Printed Works, and thus can serve as its supple- ment. Experimenting at first with various annual arrangements, "Periodicheskie izdanii," in the twentieth century, ar- 5 F o r i n f o r m a t i o n on book registration by the Glavnoe U p r a v l e n i e po Delam P e c h a t i see N . V . Zdobnov op. cit., pp. 369-376. 6 List of Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s in t h e Russian E m p i r e , except those published in F i n l a n d . ( " P r a v i t e - 1'stvennyi V e s t n i k " St. P e t e r s b u r g , 1889-1904.) ( L i s t f o r 1905 was published by tip. M i n i s t e r s t v a V n u t o r n - nikh Del, 1906.) 7 T h e Governmental M e s s e n g e r . 8 T h e R u s s i a n C a l e n d a r . 9 Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s . ranged titles alphabetically by place of publication. A direct continuation of these two works is found in D. V. Val'denberg's Spravochnaia kniga o pechati,10 under the title "Perechen' povremennym izda- niiam, na vypusk v svet koikh v S.-Peter- burge vydany, p o 1 noiabria 1906 go- da . . . " n Val'denberg lists, in alpha- betical arrangement, the periodical pub- lications appearing toward the end of 1905 and through 1906. T h e bibliograph- ical information given is comparative- ly short, but is extremely useful in that it notes issues confiscated by the official censorship of the time. T h e r e are no annual bibliographical listings for 1907. T h e year 1908 is cov- ered in A. D. T o r o p o v ' s "Spisok povre- mennykh izdanii, vykhodivshikh v svet v 1908 godu,"1 2 which appeared in The Al'- manakh pechati na 1909 g. Sbornik svedenii o vsekh periodicheskikh izdani- iakh.13 T h i s work lists over 1,500 items, arranged by language and in alphabet- ical order. According to what is currently known of the periodicals published in 1908, T o r o p o v covers approximately 85 per cent of those published in Russian, and only about 50 per cent of those published in other languages. T h e r e are no satisfactory bibliographi- cal listings for 1909. T h e following three years, however, are quite adequately covered in the works of A. V. Val'den- berg, A. V. Vol'fson, and I. V. Vladi- slavlev. Val'denberg's work is entitled "Peri- odicheskie izdaniia vsei Rossii,"1 4 ap- pearing in his book Spravochnaia kniga o pechati vsei Rossii,15 and covers the years 1910 and 1911. T h i s work is ar- 10 H a n d b o o k of the P r e s s ( S t . P e t e r s b u r g , 1907, pp. 75-133). 11 List of Periodical Publications, published in S t . P e t e r s b u r g , u p to November 1, 1906. . . . 12 List of Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s , published in 1908. 13 P r e s s A l m a n a c f o r 1909. Collection of i n f o r m a t i o n about all periodical publications. ( S t . P e t e r s b u r g , 1909, pp. 1-120.) 14 P e r i o d i c a l Publications of All Russia. 15 A Handbook of the P r e s s of All R u s s i a ( S t . P e t e r s b u r g , 1911, pp. 514-81). 210 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES ranged in alphabetical order by place of publication, and alphabetically by language within each of these geographi- cal groupings. Altogether, it lists over 2,000 items. Vol'fson's work is entitled "Periodi- cheskie izdaniia, vykhodiashchie v Rossii na vsekh iazykakh,"16 and covers the years 1910 and 1912. T h e year 1910 is cov- ered under the above title in the first edi- tion of Vol'fson's Adresnaia i spravochna- ia kniga-Gazetnyi Mir-na 1911 god,17 where 1817 items are listed. T h e second edition of this book, published two years later, listed 2,167 items for 1912. Both of these lists are arranged in alphabetical order by place of publication, headed by St. Petersburg and Moscow. Within each of these categories, items are listed by language, beginning with Russian and continuing with the other languages in alphabetical order. Both lists give brief bibliographical information and are in- dexed by language and by subject. In "Periodicheskie izdaniia, vykhodia- shchie v Rossii na russkom iazyke,"18 which appeared each year in his Biblio- graficheskii Ezhegodnik19 (published an- nually from 1912 to 1915), Vladislav- lev listed journals and newspapers in the years 1911-1914. However, Vladislavlev included only that material which he felt to be of importance, and the list- ings are therefore incomplete. For the years 1911 and 1912, they are of no practical value, since Val'denberg and Vol'fson covered this period much more extensively. For 1913 and 1914, despite Vladislavlev's selectivity, his listings are indispensable, since we have no other annual listings of periodicals for those years. Items are listed, in this work, in four major categories, according to the type of publication. 10 Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s , a p p e a r i n g in Russia in all languages. 17 D i r e c t o r y and a Handbook of T h e Newspaper W o r l d f o r 1911. ( S t . P e t e r s b u r g , 1910, col. 17-339); (2n ed., 1912, col. 25-533.) 18 Periodical Publications, a p p e a r i n g in Russia in the R u s s i a n language. 19 Bibliographic A n n u a l . MAY 1958 Vladislavlev's work has an additional importance. Each year, under the sub- heading "Ukazatel' konfiskovannykh izdanii,"2 0 he listed those journals and newspapers confiscated by the official censorship bureau. Again, there are no satisfactory bibli- ographical listings for 1915. T h e year 1916 is covered in a work entitled Spisok povremennykh izdanii, vykhodiashchikh v Rossii v 1916 godu,21 which was pub- lished by the Chief Administration of Printed Works. Altogether it lists 1,480 items, which are arranged alphabetically according to language, beginning with Russian. T h e years 1908-1917 are also partially covered in the Knizhnaia Letopis'22 under the title "Letopis' povremennoi pechati."2 3 This section of the Knizhnaia Letopis' appeared in almost every week- ly issue, and attempted to list only the periodical publications put out for the first time, and those which had changed their titles. Thus, these inadequate list- ings are the sole annual guides for the years 1909 and 1915. In addition to all the works already mentioned, the period 1900-1916 is also covered in the work of I. A. Kubasov, who, in 1912 published his first list of periodical publications issued by the Academy of Sciences. This list, entitled Katalog izdanii imperatorskoi Akademii nauk. (Ch. 1.) Periodicheskie izdaniia, sborniki, otchety i serii,2i covers the period from 1726 to J u n e 1, 1912. Four supplements were subsequently pub- lished which brought the work up to December, 1923. No comprehensive guide to periodical 20 I n d e x of Confiscated Publications. 21 List of Periodical Publications, published in Rus- sia in 1916. 22 Book A n n a l s ( F o r detailed i n f o r m a t i o n on the history of Knizhnaia Letopis? see T . J . W h i t b y ' s ar- ticle " N a t i o n a l Bibliography in the U S S R " in Li- brary Quarterly, X X I I I ( 1 9 5 3 ) , 17-19, as well as M. V. Sokurova, Bibliografiia Russkoi Bibliografii, L e n i n g r a d , 1944, v . l . pp. 143-164.) 23 A n n a l s of Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s . 24 Catalogue of the P u b l i c a t i o n s of the Academy o f Sciences. ( P a r t 1.) Periodical Publications, collections, r e p o r t s and series . . . ( S t . P e t e r s b u r g . A k a d e m i i a N a u k , 1912. 148p.). 211 publications exists for the period after 1917, but, if the plans outlined by the All-Union Book C h a m b e r 2 5 are fulfilled, we will have such a guide within a year. In 1955, this agency published the third volume (the first to be issued) of a set entitled Periodicheskaia Pechat' SSSR. 1917-1949,26 which will eventually con- sist of ten volumes. T h e first nine of these will cover the following subjects: Vol. I—socio-political and socio-economic journals; Vol. I I — j o u r n a l s of natural science and mathematics; Vol. I l l — journals, transactions, and bulletins in the technical sciences and industry; Vol. IV—journals, transactions, and bulletins in transportation, communications, and communal work; Vol. V—journals, transactions, and bulletins in the field of agriculture; Vol VI—journals of sci- ence, " e d u c a t i o n , " physical culture, and sport; Vol. VII—medical journals; Vol. V I I I — j o u r n a l s of linguistics, literary criticism, and art; Vol. I X — j o u r n a l s related to the fields of publishing, library science, and bibliography. T h e tenth volume will be a comprehensive index to the other nine. T h u s far, three have been published—Volumes III, IV, and V. T h e rest are scheduled for publica- tion by the end of 1957. On the basis of the three volumes that have already appeared, several things can be noted: T h e arrangement is classified. Within each group, material is divided into types of publications—e.g., journals, bulletins, transactions—and within each of these subdivisions the items are listed in alphabetical order by title. If the title of any journal has undergone a change, the entry is made under the latest name with cross-references to previ- ous titles. Materials published in lan- guages of the Soviet Union other than Russian are listed in Russian translation, 25 Vsesoiuznaia K n i z h n a i a P a l a t a (which is t h e g o v e r n m e n t a l agency charged with the unification a n d coordination of bibliographical activities throughout the U S S R ) 36 P e r i o d i c a l P r e s s of the U S S R 1917-1949. with the original name also transliter- ated. T h e bibliographical information for each item is quite detailed, including title, sub-title, place of publication, pub- lisher, year of publication, supplements (if any), indexes, explanatory notes. Each of the volumes has its own in- dexes: (a) alphabetically by titles; (b) an alphabetical index of journals in lan- guages other than Russian; (c) a geo- graphical index; d. an index by publish- ing house. T h e value which this set will have for librarians when completed cannot be overstressed. It is unfortunate, how- ever, that it will not include newspapers, since I know of no work being planned that fills this g a p in R u s s i a n bibliog- raphy. T h e r e are, of course, biblio- graphical works which list newspapers over a period of years, but they are not complete, and cannot take the place of a really comprehensive work. T h e only even partially comprehensive work of this sort is H. Horecky's Russian, Ukrain- ian, and Belorussian Newspapers 1917- 1953. A Union List, which was published by the Library of Congress in 1954. T h i s work indicates the locations of news- papers in the three languages indicated in the title, in American libraries. Horecky does not indicate the actual quantity of material in any one library, but indicates by symbols the percentage of issues each library has out of the total published in a given year. T h e material is listed in alphabetical order by place of publication, with items listed alphabetically within each category. An alphabetical index of titles and a guide to places of publication are included. T h i s work was preceded by a Prelimi- nary Checklist of Russian, Ukranian, and Belorussian Newspapers Published Since January 1, 1917, Within the Pres- ent Boundaries of the USSR and Pre- served in the United States (a Working 212 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES Paper).27 Published in 1952, it lists chiefly newspapers which are available in the collections of the Library of Con- gress. Another work which may be used as a guide to the period covered by Horecky is the Ukazatel' Sovetskoi Periodicheskoi Pechati,28 which was published in 1954, in Munich, by the Institute for the Study of the History and Culture of the USSR. This work lists 1,208 periodical publications, largely newspapers. It is divided into three groups: (1) newspa- pers, (2) journals, and (3) newspapers and journals published in Russia, either in Russian or in other European lan- guages, and intended for foreign use. T h e first of these groups, consisting of 670 items, is subdivided into such cate- gories as general newspapers, newspapers of the various Soviet Republics, etc., and has its own alphabetical index. T h e sec- ond group is arranged in alphabetical order by title, and the third is sub- divided by language, with the items listed alphabetically. On the whole, of course, this work gives a poor representa- tion of the total Soviet output, but has some usefulness as a guide to newspapers. T h e bibliographical information is very sketchy, listing title, place of publication, language of publication, and, in some cases, the first year of publication, and periodicity. Until the Periodicheskaia Pechat'. 1917-1949 is completed, therefore, we shall have to turn once more to those bibliographies which cover several years of this period, at most. These bibliog- raphies will have their value as chrono- logical guides to periodical output even after the completion of the Periodiche- skaia Pechat'. 1917-1949, since that work, though most comprehensive, does not have a chronological index. T h e first two years of the Soviet period 27 Compiled by P a u l L . Horecky. T h e L i b r a r y of Congress, W a s h i n g t o n , 1952. 97p. 28 I n d e x of the Soviet Periodical P r e s s . ( M u n i c h , 1954. 151p.) (Published in the i n t i t u t e ' s series " I s - sledovaniia i m a t e r i a l v " Seriia I I , No. 12.) are best covered in L. K. Il'inskii's Spisok povremennykh izdanii za 1917 (1918) god 29 the first volume of which, covering the year 1917, was published in 1919, and the second of which, covering the year 1918, was published in 1922. T h i s work has an alphabetically arranged listing of journals, newspapers, bulletins, transactions, etc. which were published in Russia, both in Russian and other languages, in the period 1917-1918. Non- Russian material is listed in Russian transliteration. Volume I has no index, while Volume II has both a geographical index and an index by editor and pub- lisher. Both volumes together list a total of approximately 7,000 items, thus cover- ing about 75 per cent of the Russian out- put in those years. T h e work is weakest in its coverage of provincial publications. T h e year 1919 is covered in only one work, entitled Ukazatel' No. 1 periodi- scheskikh Sovetskikh i Kommunistiche- skikh izdanii, vykhodiashchikh v RSFSR 1919 god30 which was published by the National Commissariat of Post and Tele- graphs.3 1 T h i s work lists 318 journals and newspapers published in the R S F S R , in Russian and other languages. T h e material is arranged in alphabetical order by place of publication and, though not complete, is of great im- portance, since it is the only existing guide to 1919. T h e years 1917, 1918, 1920-1922, and 1924-1926 are covered in the already mentioned Knizhnaia Letopis'. In 1917, only new and changed titles were listed, as has been already pointed out. Begin- ning with 1918, Knizhnaia Letopis' listed all the periodicals received by the Knizhnaia Palata, and lists of this ma- terial appeared in practically every num- ber of the publication. Material in Russian and other languages was listed, 29 List of Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s f o r 1917 ( 1 9 1 8 ) . ( P e t r o g r a d , 1919-1922. 186, 288p.) 30 I n d e x No. 1 of Soviet a n d K o m m u n i s t P e r i o d i c a l Publications, Published in R S F S R in 1919. ( M o s c o w , N K P T , 1919. 8p.) 31 N a r o d n y i komissariat pocht i telegrafov. MAY 1958 213 arranged according to the type of publi- cation (e.g., newspaper, journal, bulle- tins, etc.). Knizhnaia Letopis' continued these listings only until December, 1926, after which date they were discontinued, to be resumed much later in 1939 (and published thereafter only until 1944). Listings in this 1939-1944 period re- turned, interestingly enough, to the 1908-1917 system, whereby only new and changed titles were listed each year. Besides this, the newspaper output for 1920 is covered in Gazety Sovetskoi Ros- sii,32 which was published in 1921. T h i s work is of great importance, since it is the only listing we have for the first seven months of 1920, as the Knizhnaia Le- topis' did not register the periodical pub- lications from J a n u a r y , 1919 until Au- gust, 1920. T h i s listing is divided into two parts, one of which lists material geographically, the other alphabetically. T h e next years to receive bibliograph- ical coverage are 1928 and 1929. T h e year 1928 is covered in a piece enti- tled "Zhurnaly SSSR. Gazety S S S R , " 3 3 which appeared in Adresnaia kniga izda- tel'skikh i knigotorgovykh predpriiatii, zhurnalov i gazet SSSR na 1928 g.,3 4 com- piled by I. A. Tsetkin. Approximately 800 journals and 600 newspapers, pub- lished in the Soviet Union, are listed, the journals in a classified arrangement, the newspapers by place of publication. T h i s work is particularly weak in the listing of scholarly periodicals published in the various Soviet Republics. It has two al- phabetical indexes, one for journals, and one for newspapers. T h e year 1929 is covered in Gazety i zhurnaly SSSR. Spravochnik na 1929 god o vsekh periodicheskikh izdaniiakh, vy- 32 N e w s p a p e r s of Soviet Russia ( M o s c o w : Organi- z a t s i o n n o - i n s t r u k t o r s k i i sektor T s e n t r o p o s t a , 1921. 64 P.). 33 J o u r n a l s of U S S R . N e w s p a p e r s of U S S R . 34 A n a d d r e s s book of publishers and book-dealers, j o u r n a l s a n d newspapers of the U S S R in 1928. (4th ed. Gos. izd. Moscow-Leningrad, 1928. pp. 291-401, 405-479.) khodiashchikh v SSSR,35 by A. P. Khom- skii and P. S. Chekhovskoi. Approximate- ly 1600 items are listed in this work, di- vided into the categories of J o u r n a l s and Newspapers. T h e newspapers are listed by place of publication, beginning with Moscow, Leningrad and Kharkov, and continuing thereafter in alphabetical or- der. T h e journals are arranged alphabet- ically, by subject. An alphabetical index for each group is included. T h e three years following 1929 have no bibliographical listing. In 1933, the All-Union Book Chamber began the an- nal listing of the periodical output of the Soviet Union. T h i s listing was published, in 1933, under the title Spisok periodi- cheskikh izdanii RSFSR,36 becoming Le- topis' periodicheskikh isdanii SSSR37 in 1934, and Ezhegodnik periodicheskikh iz- danii SSSR38 in 1938. It was published under the latter title in 1938 and 1939, and was then discontinued until 1946, when it resumed under the title Letopis' periodicheskikh izdanii SSSR. In 1933, only material published in the R S F S R was listed. From 1934 on, the output of the entire S S S R was included. T h e ar- rangement of items varied somewhat from year to year, but the following general- izations can be made: from 1933 to 1939, journals and newspapers were registered separately. Each of these groups was sub- divided into the categories of Russian- language and non-Russian-language ma- terial. Within each of these subdivisions, from 1933 to 1937, material was arranged in alphabetical order by title, or by pub- lishing body. Beginning in 1938, the newspapers were arranged by place of publication, and beginning in 1939 the journals were arranged according to a new system of thirty-one subjects, within each of which items were listed alpha- betically. For each item, such bibliograph- 35 Newspapers a n d J o u r n a l s of the U S S R . H a n d - book of all periodical publications of the U S S R f o r 1929. (Moscow, N K P T , 1929. 168p.) 30 List of Periodical Publications of the R S F S R . 37 A n n a l s of Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s of the U S S R . 38 Yearbook of P e r i o d i c a l P u b l i c a t i o n s of the U S S R . 214 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES ical information as year of establishment, periodicity, number of pages, format, number of copies printed, and annual subscription rate, is included. T h e num- ber of indexes varies from year to year, progressing from one in 1933 (by place of publication) to nine in 1949 (alphabet- ically by title, by publisher, by place of publication, by subject (newspapers), plus separate indexes for material in Russian, and material in other languages). Although most of the bibliographies discussed up to this point list official gov- ernment periodical publications with varying degrees of completeness, W. Greg- ory's List of the Serial Publications of Foreign Governments 1815-193139 brings these together comprehensively for the first time. Gregory's List covers all for- eign countries in alphabetical order ex- cept for Russia, which is given a separate listing at the very end (pp. 658-716). T h e Russian listing is divided into four sec- tions: the first of these covers Imperial Russia from 1815 to 1917, with special sub-sections for the Grand Duchy of Fin- land and the Kingdom of Poland; the second covers the publications of the Provisional Government (March, 1917— November, 1917), listing only those which began and ended with the Pro- visional Government, while those which continued afterward are listed in the fol- lowing two sections; the third section covers the publications of the USSR, with a separate sub-section for the pub- lications of the Communist Party; the fourth, and last, section covers the gov- ernmental publications of the various "Soviet Republics." T h e titles are given first in the Russian alphabet, and then in English transliteration. T h e arrange- ment is alphabetical by government de- partment or bureau, and, within each of these subdivisions, alphabetical by title. Gregory's List is based on the holdings of eighty-five American libraries, giving in- 30 Edited by W i n f r e d Gregory. New Y o r k , 1932. 720p. dications of their holdings, and so can- not be called complete. T h e war years 1939-1944 are covered in Knizhnaia Letopis' under the title "Gazety i zhurnaly (novye i pereimeno- vannye),"4 0 which listing appeared in its various weekly issues. As was pointed out earlier, this listing includes only new and changed titles. It is divided into two parts, newspapers and journals, and the items are arranged alphabetically by title. Because of the suspension of Ezhegod- nik periodicheskikh izdanii SSSR, and in response to the pressing need for a bib- liography of periodicals for this period, the reference department of the Library of Congress has published a list entitled Serial Publications of the Soviet Union 1939-1951, A Preliminary Checklist. Com- piled by Rudolf Smits, it is a valuable guide which, while excluding newspa- pers, attempts to list all governmental and non-official serial publications in Russian and Ukrainian which appeared in the Soviet Union within the period 1939-1951. Publications in any of the minority languages of the Soviet Union were included in this list only if they had a title page and contributions in Russian. Items are arranged in alphabet- ical order, and the work has a subject index. If any title happens to be in the Library of Congress, the exact holdings of the Library are given, and the check- list also indicates whether titles are in any other American libraries, without giving any figures as to their holdings. T h i s latter information is not always ac- curate, however. In 1951, the Ail-Union Book Chamber decided to reorganize the registration of periodical publications, and to publish a complete list not annually, but every five years. In the interim between two of these complete lists, annual lists of new periodicals, periodicals which have changed their titles, and periodicals which have ceased to publish, will be 40 N e w s p a p e r s and J o u r n a l s (new a n d r e - n a m e d ) . MAY 1958 215 put out. T h i s annual list is being pub- lished in two volumes under the title Letopis' periodicheskikh izdanii, one of which covers journals and newspapers, and the second of which covers such ma- terial as scholarly publications, transac- tions, irregular periodical publications, etc. T h e material in the first volume is arranged alphabetically, the material in the second by subject, and then in alpha- betical order. Several indexes are in- cluded, depending on the type of pub- lication. In 1955, the first of the comprehensive five-year volumes was published, entitled Letopis' periodicheskikh izdanii SSSR, 1950-1954 gg,41 covering the period 1950- 1954. T h i s work is divided into two parts, journals and newspapers. In the first of these groups, 2,922 items are listed. T h e y are divided, first, into thirty-three subject classes, within each of which the items are subdivided by type—e.g., general journals, bulletins, almanacs, etc. T h e second part lists 5,598 newspapers altogether, arranging them according to the Soviet R e p u b l i c in which they are published—e.g., Ukrainian S S R , Be- lorussian S S R , etc. Within each of these divisions, the newspapers are further sub- divided by specific districts. Newspapers which have ceased publications are listed at the end of each of these subdivisions. T h e bibliographical information shows title, subtitle, publisher, frequency, year of issue, imprint, language, price of in- dividual issue, impression, change in ti- tle (if any). In case of vagueness in pe- riodicity or if not all numbers were pub- lished, a detailed enumeration of issues published is given. Both sections list non-Russian material in transliteration into Russian. T h e first has four indexes of journals: alphabet- ical in Russian, alphabetical by language, by publisher, and by place of publica- 41 A n n u a l of Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s of the U S S R . , 1950-1954. Moscow. Vsesoiuznaia K n i z h n a i a P a l a t a , 1956. 500p. tion. T h e second has two indexes: alpha- betical, and alphabetical by language. In addition to all the above, there is also a bibliographical guide to the pe- riodical publications put out by Russian emigres. T h i s work, Ukazatel' periodi- cheskikh izdanii emigratsii iz Rossii i SSSR za 1919-1952 g.g.,*2 was published in 1953 by the Institute for the Study of the History and Culture of the U S S R , in Munich. It lists 2,356 items, divided into five major categories by language—e.g., Russian, Ukrainian, White Russian, non- Slavic languages of the U S S R , and West- ern E u r o p e a n languages. Within each of these categories, the items are arranged in alphabetical order. T h e bibliograph- ical information for each item is not al- ways complete, since it is comparatively difficult to procure details about material which is, in many cases, put out by am- ateur political groups in mimeographed form, and irregularly at that. However, the attempt was made, wherever possible, to include title, editor, periodicity, years of publication, and the number of is- sues published. T h e work has an index by place of publication. Also, it should be pointed out that the various union lists of periodical publica- tions are of great importance, since they indicate the location of this material out- side of the Soviet Union. T h e best of these is the Union List of Serials in Li- braries of the United States and Canada, which lists the holdings of a total of six hundred libraries. Russian items are here intermixed with others in alphabetical arrangement. T h i s Union List of Serials is of great help not only for the location of individual titles, but in the deter- mination of what constitutes a complete set of any publication. It must always be remembered, of course, that it in- cludes only those titles available in the libraries indexed, and that it does not include newspapers, governmental pub- 42 I n d e x to Periodical P u b l i c a t i o n s f r o m Russia a n d U S S R emigration f r o m 1919-1952. (Continued on page 262) 216 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES N e w College Library Standards (Continued from page 200) tions for 25-331/3 per cent of the student body will be suggested; allowance for differences between the residential and commuter colleges will be made. Shelf space should be provided to take care of growth for at least a decade. S. Finally, the standards will urge close interlibrary cooperation along the lines suggested in A Plan for Meeting College Library Problems, the report of the Re- gents' Committee (Albany: State Educa- tion Department, 1954). A f r e q u e n t eval- uation of the library is also recommend- ed. Library staff and teaching faculty should ascertain by joint efforts that the standards of service are high and that the library fulfills its educational tasks. T h i s is no easy job, for how is one to measure the spirit of a library? T h e per capita circulation of books to students on two-week loan may offer some valu- able clues; in fact, some educators, such as H e n r y M. Wriston, consider it the best index of an institution's intellectual health. But, owing to special local con- | ditions, this figure may not always pro- vide a reliable yardstick and must, there- fore, be used with considerable caution. T h e A C R L Committee on Standards is well aware of the criticism that some of its proposals may provoke. New stand- ards cannot please everybody; to do so they would have to be confined to vague generalities. T h e h o u r calls for vision and boldness. W e must design standards which are high enough and flexible enough to protect and improve the posi- tion of the American college library as it faces the unprecedented challenge of t h e nineteen-sixties. Russian Bibliographical Guides (Continued from page 216) lications, and several other categories of material.4 3 Another such u n i o n list is the just- published Catalogue collectif des period- iques,44 p u t out by the Bibliotheque Na- t i o n a l in Paris, which lists the Cyrillic Slavic periodicals in the French univer- sity libraries, and in the Parisian librar- ies, as of 1950. T h e arrangement is al- phabetical by title. Each entry is also provided with call numbers in the vari- ous libraries. T h i s work was preceded by that of B. Unbegaun,4 5 which was pub- 13 F o r a detailed description of this work see: Constance M. Winchell, Guide to Reference Books, 7th ed., Chicago, 1951. p.94. 44 Bibliotheque Nationale, P a r i s . D e p a r t m e n t des periodiques. Catalogue collectif des periodiques con- serves dans les bibliotheques de Paris et dans les bib- liotheques universit aires de France, periodiques slaves en caracteres cyrilliques; etat des collections en 1950. Paris, 1956. 2 Vols. 45 U n b e g a u n , Boris, Catalogue des periodiques slaves et relatifs aux etudes slaves des bibliotheques de Paris. Paris, 1929. 221p. (Published as Volume I X to T r a v a u x publies par l ' l n s t i t u t d'etudes slaves.) lished in 1929. T h e latter lists all period- icals relating to Slavic affairs, in Slavic and other languages, available in the Paris libraries as of 1927. I n conclusion, we may say that once the Periodicheskaia Pechat' SSSR 1917- 1949 is completed, we will have a com- plete registration of the periodicals of the twentieth century, u p to the present time, as this work is the chronological continuation of the Predvaritel'nyi spi- sok periodicheskikh izdanii Rossii 1901- 1916, and in t u r n is continued by the Letopis' Periodicheskikh izdanii SSSR 1950-1954. U n f o r t u n a t e l y this is not true of newspapers, as the Periodicheskaia Pechat' SSSR does not include these. For these, as well as for chronological guid- ance to periodicals, we shall still have to t u r n to the numerous a n n u a l bibliog- raphies. 262 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES