College and Research Libraries The arrangement-alphabetical by topic- adopted by both texts makes them particular- ly suited for reference by the experienced cataloger. Because of this arrangement, how- ever, it seems unlikely that these books will be of first importance to the student of cata- loging. To use them to best advantage a per- son must have experience and background in cataloging. Therefore, this reviewer feels that the chief users of these two volumes will be neither the beginners nor the revisers but those in the middle ranks who are not yet expert in doing original description. It is plain that Slocum has met the ques- tions that arise from cataloging. Care in the selection and the variety of his examples at- test to his sophistication in this respect. Look at his eight illustrations of "Contents Note" and ten of "Physical Description Notes" each of the latter complementing LC 3: l5C5. There is, however, a feature which prevents easy use of this book: in spite of alphabetical arrangement, topics do not stand out enough to catch the eye when scanning. This defect could have been corrected by running titles of section headings, and since this style was adopted for Cataloging Made Easy, why not for Sample Catalog Cards? Mr. Rescoe is to be congratulated on this new edition of his work. For a decade Tech- nical Processes (its first title) has been useful in instructing beginning catalogers. This re- viewer has never used it for a text in teaching but expects to do so with reservation: the book seems more useful in finding examples rather than as a basic text. The index, useful to the beginner, is particularly good. Catalog- ing Made Easy is an attractive title for a book. It is perhaps deserved but surely exag- gerated, as it may deceive the uninitiated in- to thinking it simplifies. It does not do this beyond the scope of rules cited. The author knows this and carefully states so in his preface. In summary: both texts are helpful; neith- er is self-sufficient. Cataloging Made Easy is for the more junior cataloger, both are for the intermediate with various levels of ex- perience. Both will do just what the authors claim in their behalf. The cataloger and the teacher of cataloging can use them with profit.-Vivian Prince, University of South- ern California. MARCH 1963 Photoduplication Directory of Library Photoduplication Serv- ices in the United States, Canada and Mex- ico. Comp. by Cosby Brinkley .. Chicago: University of Chicago Library, 1962. 46p. $1.50. The appearance of photoduplication serv- ices in libraries about 1900 brought with it complications similar to those involved in interlibrary loans. Applicants needed not only union listings of resources, but also a directory to those institutions which had the ability to make photocopies. The coming of microfilm in the late 1930's aggravated this problem. Besides numerous specialized list- ings and one international handbook, four directories have been published for general use in this country. The first two were pre- pared under the auspices of the Special Li- braries Association, and the last two by one individual under the sponsorship of the American Library Association. The first to appear, in 1941, was Ross C. Cibella's Directory of Microfilm Sources. This 56-page booklet listed some forty institutions that offered microfilm service with their own equipment, as well as many others that used outside sources or were contemplating the in- stallation of their own equipment. It also listed the type of camera used and frequent- ly the type of reading machines available. More than half of the volume consisted of facsimiles of the order forms used by twenty- one institutions. A short list of commercial .firms was also included. In 1946 the Directory of Microfilm Services in the United States and Canada appeared, prepared under the chairmanship of Jurgen G. Raymond. Though a slimmer thirty pages, it raised the number of active libraries listed to fifty-five, as well as increasing the number of fringe institutions. It began the pattern of geographical arrangement that has been fol- lowed ever since. The listing of cameras and readers was dropped, as well as the facsimile order forms. A longer period elapsed before the publi- cation in 1959 of the Directory of Institution- al Photoduplication Services in the United States compiled by Cosby Brinkley with the help of the Copying Methods Committee of 171 the ALA. This 26-page booklet listed sixty- nine institutions offering fairly complete microfilm service as well as eight others giv- ing extensive service in other types of photo- duplication. The information on these serv- ices is presented in tabular form so that it is easy to find and compare the data required. There are also noted the addresses of an additional 144 libraries that offer limited service. The present directory carries on the tra- dition of listing the major forms of photo- duplication (which was done to some extent in the first two, though not noted in their titles). It includes ninety-seven institutions with more-or-less independent microfilm fa- cilities, as well as twenty-nine that either ar- range for it through outside services or sub- stitute some other form of photocopy. The data is again presented in useful tabular form. This is followed by a section listing the addresses of these institutions and 258 others offering partial service. This last compilation is the most attractive of the series. Prepared in near-print, as are the others, it has been done with notable taste. Since photoduplication is becoming such an important adjunct to library service, this volume answers a definite need. One can only hope that we will soon approach an end to the inflationary economic trend that makes the prices given in such a listing out- of-date almost before it can be published. Subject Guide to Microforms in Print, 1962- 63. Edited by Albert James Diaz. Washing- ton, D.C.: Microcard Editions, Inc., 1962. 69p. $4. A year ago there appeared the first Guide to Microforms in Print which made it un- necessary to keep forty-two catalogs of micro- form publishers at hand. As it was prepared by use of the Compos-o-line sequential card camera it seemed probable that it would ap- pear frequently in up-to-date editions. It has done so, the 1962 edition adding some two thousand lines of entries and three new pub- lishers. Another advantage promised by its method of preparation is the ability to sort and re-sort the cards upon which the basic information is stored. The present volume is a result of the flex- ibility offered by the card-to-book catalog system. It is a classified listing of microform publications offered for sale on a regular (i.e., commercial?) basis. Theses and disserta- tions are not listed, nor are publications stored as microforms but delivered as en- larged paper prints. Since it is prepared from · published catalogs, it does not include all publications, omitting those prepared by in- stitutions that do not actively list them. Books are entered by author, journals by title, newspapers by place of publication, archival materials and manuscripts by pub- lishing organization, and projects by the compiler of the bibliography and/ or the sub- ject. The subject classification used is derived from that of the Library of Congress. There are some one hundred thirty-five classifica- tions grouped in twenty major divisions. An alphabetic index to the subject classifications consisting of just over six hundred items helps in the search for the item desired. Works are not listed under several classifica- tions but appear only once in the most ap- propriate place. Since it is such a relatively easy job to add information to the card file upon which this book is based (e.g., one new publisher has been added since the 1962 edition of the Guide), perhaps the publishers will eventual- ly include the many noncommercial, irregu- lar, and erratic publishers of microforms and thus make this tool even more valuable. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual M eeting and Convention [of the National Micro- film Association J. Ed. by Vernon D. Tate. Annapolis: National Microfilm Associa- tion, 1961. 305p. $7.50. Proceedings ... 1962. .. Eleventh Annual M eeting. 360p. $9. The importance to librarians of the Na- tional Microfilm Association and its earlier annual meetings has already been noted by this reviewer. The last two meetings of the association have proved no exceptions, and at each of them there have been scheduled groups of papers aimed especially at the li- brary and archive worlds. These two new proceedings should be considered together because of three subjects that have continued from the first meeting into the second. Bibliographical control of microforms has been a problem of increasing interest to li- 172 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES brarians. There is the fear that these mini- ature texts may get so far out of hand that they can never be brought under the control that will make them useable. George Schweg- mann spoke on "Centralized Cataloging of Microforms" at the 1961 meeting, and W es- ley Simonton reported on "Library Handling of Microforms" at the 1962 meeting. Backing up the contentions of these speakers were papers in 1961 on "What the Scholar Looks for from Microfilm" by Robert Eckles, "The Preparation of Scholarly Microfilm" by Rich- ard Hale, "The Library Standards for Micro- film Committee" by Peter Scott, and "The Standardized Order Forms Committee" by Hubbard Ballou. One cause of the problem rests with the great number of materials now being published on microform. Two facets of this were covered by papers on the "Guide to Microforms in Print" by Albert James Diaz in 1961 and "Publishing in the Micro- form" by Stevens Rice in 1962. Inadequate reading devices for microforms have been one of the obstacles in the path to their full acceptance. The Battelle Memo- rial Institute was given a grant from the Council on Library Resources to look into this problem and to point out recommenda- tions. Two papers, read by James Dugan, were prepared by a team from that organiza- tion. The first: "The Design of Reading: Equipment for Library-Archival Utilization of Microforms," presented in 1961, surveyed what had been done in the past on this prob- lem and laid down guide lines for future work. The second: "The Design of Improved Microimage Readers for Promoting the Util- ization of Microimages," in 1962, described the physical and psychological tests conduct- ed on the reading task, showed details of two suggested reader designs, and presented cer- tain conclusions and recommendations. The Council on Library Resources has be- come one of the most active influences on photoduplication through the studies that it has sponsored in this field. It may well be that those it has engendered within its own personnel will be remembered longer than those for which it supplied support. Laur- ence Heilprin read papers at both meetings which will have effects for some time to come. In 1961 his report: "Communication Engineering Approach to Microforms" con- sidered the past history of the microforms MARCH 1963 and suggested present and future applica- tions for them. He noted that libraries in the past have been circulating libraries (C- libraries), with a trend, beginning at present, towards the development of duplicating li- braries (D-libraries). In his 1962 paper: "The Economics of 'On Demand' Library Copy- ing" he carried his studies of the D-libraries a good deal beyond the point where his listeners could follow him. These papers will doubtless be the basis for many future stud- ies. In his report on the "Crerar Library Use of Microfilm in Science Information Service," Herman Henkle in 1961 reported on an insti- tution that exemplified some of the points in Heilprin's exposition. There were some sixty papers in all given at these two meetings. Many of those that have not been reported here would also be of value to librarians. Each year the barrier between the microfilm specialist and the li- brarian is breached in a number of places. Communication between the two worlds is necessarily increasing. Military Standardization Handbook Glossary of Photographic Terms Including Docu- m ent Reproduction. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, ·1961. 128p. (Mil.-Hdbk.-25, TM 11-411, GPO # D7.6/ 2:25). 70c. Glossary of Terms for Microphotography and Reproductions Made from Micro-images. Ed. by D. M. Avedon. Annapolis: National Microfilm Association, 1962. 50p. $2.50. The Language of Lilliput ... Pt. VII: Glos- sary and Index. By Frederic Luther. (Li- brary journal 87:920-931, March 1, 1962). Photography began as an art form prac- ticed by necessarily able technicians. As it developed it began to be used for the fur- therance of science, technology, business, commerce, and warfare. It has become an ac- cepted tool of librarianship and documenta- tion. Through this process it has gathered up terms that are native to all of these dis- ciplines, and the result has been a confusion of misunderstood, misapplied, duplicated, and nonuniform terms. This means that the novice is sometimes repelled by the jargon of the adepts, and it gives added value to glossaries. 173 As one of the most active users of photog- raphy for the production of pictorial illustra- tions as well as document reproduction, the Department of Defense felt this confusion even more acutely than others. In 1959 it produced a mimeographed preliminary-draft glossary of some five hundred pages incorpo- rating material to be found in about forty established sources. Copies were sent to pri- vate individuals, professional and technical societies, manufacturers and standardization organizations engaged in the fields of pho- tography and reproduction. Criticism was re- quested and received, and the results are now published as a technical manual listing some twenty-seven hundred definitions of terms used in all phases of photography. This 70c booklet, available from the Superin- tendent of Documents, is certainly a "best buy" in our argot-ridden age. In 1955 Hendrix Ten Eyck prepared a Glossary of Terms Used in Microreproduc- tion for publication by the N.M.A. In the intervening seven years the language of microfilming experienced the same growth by accretion that is common with the parent technique of photography. Donald Avedon works at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, where some of the most progressive work pn large-scale applications of microfilming is be- ing done. He had available the military glos- sary noted above, as well as a number of specialized glossaries that have appeared re- cently. The result is a useful compilation of more than seven hundred terms selected from a store many times as large. The N.M.A. does not consider this publication as being definitive in any sense. Mr. Avedon is chairman of its Committee on a Glossary of Terms, and the expectation is that criticism and comment will be received and will result ultimately in an even more useful tool. Co- operation has been offered by the American Standards Association, and the next publi- cation may be under A.S.A. rather than N.M.A. sponsorship. Trade names present even more confusion to the layman than do the less specialized terms. As an example, there were last year about sixty proper nouns beginning with "micro-," and the list is still growing. The Avedon glossary lists about twenty-eight such trade names and notes that complete- ness in this area was not attempted. The Luther glossary is the last chapter in a series on microfilming that he wrote for the Library journal. It includes about three hun- dred sixty items of which some one hundred ten are trade names. As the head of a micro- filming service company that sells equipment as well, past president of the N.M.A., and acknowledged historian of microfilming, Lu- ther is in a unique position to prepare such a needed and useful aid to the language problem.-Hubbard W. Ballou, Columbia University Libraries. Scientific Periodicals A History of Scientific and Technical Peri- odicals. By David Kronick. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1962. 274p. $6.50. In an age witnessing an overwhelming pro- liferation of scientific knowledge, with its elaborate structure and complicated system of communication, any attempt on the part of one man to write a history of one phase of this complex, namely the publication of scientific periodicals, would be as Herculean a task as the attempts to develop systematic control of scientific literature have proven to be. Therefore, Mr. Kronick has wisely and expeditiously chosen to limit his study of scientific and technical journals to its earliest period from 1664 to 1790. After a ten-page introduc~ion in which the author discusses the four basic sources from which he drew his l~st of periodicals to be analyzed, he devotes !' ten more pages to the definition of the periodical. It turns out that the "differentiation between periodical, serial and other forms of publication is usually made for administrative reasons rather than for their contents." Before enlarging upon his analysis of this material, Mr. Kronick introduces new evi- dence to substantiate various facts concern- ing the historical background and antece- dents of the scientific periodical; these run the gamut from scholarly correspondence to the equally important newspaper. The select- ed periodicals are classified into two major categories: the substantive journals and the society proceedings-the term substantive be- ing defined as "not derivative or dependent" and referring to those publications which contain original contributions. On the other 174 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES