College and Research Libraries 412 I College & Research Libraries • September 1972 jury, Crowley's poor showing was explained by the fact that he included current event questions that required up-to-date sources for answers and some form of current awareness service to up-date the informa- tion resources of librarians and library sup- port staff. While the results of the two studies are depressing, a very positive approach to the study of qualitative measurement makes this book highly worthwhile. All academic librarians interested in the effectiveness and performance of their information ser- vice units would do well to study these research methods and begin to ask, "are we failing in one of our principal library tasks in not providing correct or valid in- formation?" I recommend this book high- ly.-Robert P. Haro, University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Kruzas, Anthony T., ed. Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Services. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Edwards Brothers, 1971. 1109 pages. $67.50. Why does the editor choose not to men- tion the connection of this publication with its predecessor, Directory of Special Li- braries and Information Centers (2d ed., 1968)? In many ways it is very similar. The content of the descriptions for each or- ganization listed is similar (seventeen cate- gories of information in the Directory, eighteen in the Encyclopedia) . The format is different: in the former, the listings run several to a page with abbreviations and codes to conserve space; in the latter, each organization has a full page, with each category of information labeled. Some 13,000 organizations are listed in the for- mer; 833 in the latter. The arrangement is slightly different: in 1968, U.S. organiza- tions are separated from Canadian; some effort has been made in 1971 to include in- novative services and . exclude commercial services or traditional special libraries. The substantive differences between the two publications exist in the indexes. In the Encyclopedia the different types of services or systems (e.g., abstracting and indexing services, Selective Dissemination of Infor- mation (SDI) Services, serials publications, micrographic applications and services, etc.) are indexed separately. Both editions have personal name and subject indexes. The Encyclopedia contains an "Acronyms and Initialisms Dictionary." Is a directory an encyclopedia or a dic- tionary? Can the permuted indexes created from directory information legitimately qualify a directory to be called an encyclo- pedia? I think not, but the indexes to this new edition of a directory of innovative, ex- perimental, computerized information cen- ters, networks, and data banks could have been useful indicators of the applications of new technologies in the field of informa- tion services if they were better done. Pity that the indexes are so poor. The subject index is especially poor, with many incon- gruous stylistic aberrations and a totally in- adequate syndetic structure. Not only will these flaws frustrate and confuse the user of this book as a directory, but it will limit its usefulness as an analytic tool to study the availability of information systems for given subject areas. There are too many in- stances to cite, but perhaps these examples will suffice: (1) In Subject Index, Handi- capped Children has no "see also" refer- ences; Gifted Children has "see also Ex- ceptional Children"; Exceptional Children does not send the reader to Handicapped Children, Gifted Children, Blind, Brain- Diseases, and so on; ( 2) Two entries ap- pear for the same ERIC Clearinghouse on Exceptional Children (pages 125 and 739 of the directory) . Both appear in the Sub- ject Index under Exceptional Children, but only one of each appears under Gifted Children or Handicapped Children. The eight separate indexes for special- ized features or services are merely an al- phabetic listing of the organizations who have responded affirmatively to certain questions on the survey insbument. There is no attempt to analyze, for instance, what kind of computer application or service is provided, or for that matter if the abstract- ing and indexing services are complete for the collection held, published or available on request. There is no classified index by computer system or micrographic equip- ment used. As a directory, this is a useful update of the 1968 edition of the Directory. As an encyclopedia, it is a poor first try. Recom- mended for libraries in need of information about other information services (names, addresses, phone numbers, etc.) for refer- ral purposes, but not recommended to any- one in need of an encyclopedia of informa- tion systems and services.-Pauline Ather- ton, Syracuse University. Kemper, Robert E. Library Management; Behavior-Based Personnel Systems (BBPS): A Framework for Analysis. (Research Studies in Library Science, no. 5) . Littleton, Colorado: Libraries U n- limited, Inc. 1971. 104p. $8.00. This slender volume is interesting despite its formidable title which might better have been stated as "The Concept of Behavioral- Based Personnel Systems and the Theory of Their Library Applications." Assistant professor of librarianship at the School of Librarianship at the University of Oregon, Mr. Kemper's purpose is to improve library personnel practice. He hopes this theory "will be useful to librarians who do research on personnel systems, to those who design them, to those who use them, and to stu- dents." The book does not present methods for personnel administration but rather "a perspective on personnel systems and hu- man organizations." Once the reader has adjusted to the be- havioral language, the volume is clear and well organized. One can obtain a reason- able comprehension of the entire text by reading the first half of the preface, Chap- ter 2 (three pages of text), Chapter 3 (five pages of text), and Chapter 6 (four pages of text) . The volume includes some "thought questions" which may help the volume be used in a classroom situation. A very lengthy set of case studies constitutes Chapter 5. There are some very good statements and thoughts. For example, "An organiza- tion as a social system . . . involves recogni- tion of such elements as formal and infor- mal organization within a total integrated system." On page twenty-three a paragraph on "emergent behavior" is well stated and stimulating. And later: "Information on emergent behavior is meaningful only if it can be regarded as making an incremental contribution to some explicitly stated long- range desired goal." Recent Publications I 413 Then again there are some debatable statements. "The library organization re- flects the motives and aspirations of library personnel as modified extensively by socio- cultural factors." In describing the BBPS po- sition, the author states as one of his posi- tions that "Men require majority opinions as men carry clubs-for security." Among environmental constraints determining be- havior is the fact that "the image of the li- brary is determined to a large extent by fa- cility and resource planning." Or finally, "although the BBPS model has limited val- ue for strategic long-range planning, cause- and-effect analysis based on this model can be applied fruitfully in a library to several kinds of operational planning decisions. For instance . . . administrators could measure the effects of requiring professional librari- ans to type sets of catalog cards as a result of the institution's decision to decrease money allocated for clerical typists." The statement of the theory seems to overlook the fact that organizational goals are in constant flux, personnel aspirations keep shifting, procedural factors are altered continuously, and thus the apparently ideal- istic nature of BBPS seems naive as here presented. Nevertheless the "perspective" is a useful challenge to anyone in person- nel administration. The volume is interesting and easy to read despite such curious statements noted above; it can be useful for those who are going into a review of personnel manage- ment in a serious way. The author is to be applauded for his conclusion that "justice, decency, managerial behavior, and effective conflict resolution cannot be written in . . . personnel manuals. They must be written in the mind and the heart of the library ad- ministrator or supervisor." To this one might add that other essentials are judg- ment, a sound ethical basis for action, sym- pathy, tolerance, and flexibility-partly in- born and partly based on experience. This volume may help to that encl.-David C. Weber, Stanford University. Salton, Gerard, ed. The Smart Retrieval System. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1971. 556p. $15.00. The editor is honest in his introduction