College and Research Libraries number (including location), subject head- ing, date of publication.] If a contents note were added to make a sixth-item, 90 per- cent of users would have found a computer catalogue sufficient for their purposes." The above statement sums up the major points of the study relevant to a computer- ized catalog. The complete study, however, contains a great deal more information that will be of interest to catalogers, reference librarians, library administrators, and all li- brarians concerned about the usefulness of the card catalog. Dr. Palmer has been absolutely honest in his text about the relevance of his study to computerizing the card catalog. He ad- mits that his study does not answer a num- ber of questions that must be answered be- fore we can make wise decisions to develop reduced-data records for a computer cata- log. He strongly recommends that much ad- ditional research and a great deal of cost- ing be done before decisions are made. Some of the questions he poses are ( 1) Would the cost of adding certain informa- tion to a computer catalog be offset by in- creased benefits to the user? (2) Is the most economical place to provide certain types of bibliographical information in card catalogs, book catalogs, bibliographies, or in the materials themselves? ( 3) Is the val- ue of certain catalog information to a small number of users, such as faculty [faculty re- ported using a greater number of data ele- ments on catalog cards than other groups of users] so great that the information must be included in future catalogs, regardless of the catalog's type or configuration? ( 4) Should only a portion of the catalog be computerized? In short, Dr. Palmer has provided us with a useful compilation of card catalog use studies, a valid catalog user study that is meaningful because the methodology em- ployed was sound, and a discussion of what we will have to do before making decisions regarding computerizing catalogs. Dr. Palmer does not touch directly on all the facets of the computer catalog question, but his book does bring to mind such ques- tions as ( 1) How complete must the cata- log record be? What data must be includ- ed? ( 2) What is the relationship of the na- tional bibliographic record to the local in- house bibliographic record? Should these Recent Publications I 79 duplicate each other or can they compli- ment each other? Should they both be in machine-readable form? ( 3) Is the catalog a research tool or a location/ identification tool? ( 4) How relevant is the experience of the National Lending Library of Great Britain to us? (The user is required to con- sult printed bibliographies issued by bodies other than the National Lending Library to identify books before requesting them. ) ( 5) Should we in North America adopt the same philosophy as the British regarding retrospective conversion of catalog records? (The BNB MARC records begin at a given time and will be developed from that time forward. No effort will be made to convert catalog records earlier than the determined date. The user will have to use the printed bibliographies or the card catalog for pre- MARC records.) I recommend Dr. Palmer's book as a use- ful and thought-provoking contribution to the existing body of card catalog literature. -Ralph E. Stierwalt, University of West- ern Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. OTHER BOOKS OF INTEREST TO ACADEMIC LIBRARIANS Dupuy, T. N., and Blanchard, W. The Almanac of World Military Power. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1972. 373p. $22.50. (72-2636). (ISBN: 0-8352-0587-8) . Leyda, Jay. Dianying: Electric Shadows. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1972. 515p. $12.50. (78-175719). (ISBN: 0-262-12046-1). Hawley, Willis D., and Svara, James H., eds. The Study of Community Power: A Bibliographic Review. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC, Clio Press, 1972. 123p. $4.85. ( 72-83287) . ( SBN 0-87 436- 978-7). Wasserman, Paul, ed. Library and Informa- tion Science Today List 1972. New York: 80 I College & Research Libraries • January 1973 Science Associates/ International, Inc., 1972. 519p. (71-143963) (SBN 0-87837- 001-3). National Library of Canada. Canadian MARC, Report of the MARC Task Group to the National Librarian on a Canadian MARC Format. Ottawa: The Author, 1972. 242p. University of Iowa. Serial Publications in the University of Iowa Libraries, Vol. I & II. Iowa City, Ia.: The Author, 1972. 1,353p. Chandler, Robert. Public Opinion: Chang- ing Attitudes on Contemporary Political and Social Issues. New York: R. R. Bow- ker, 1972. 195p. $12.25. (ISBN 0-8352- 0548-7). Matthews, C. M. Place Names of the English-Speaking World. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972. 369p. $8.95. (72-538). (SBN 684-12939-6). Ford, P., and Ford, G. A Guide to Parlia- mentary Papers, 3d ed. Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1972. 87p. $6.00. (ISBN 0-87471-100-2). Bavier, Richard, et al. The Study of Juda- ism. New York: Ktav Publishing House, Inc., 1972. 229p. $12.50. (72-79129). (SBN 87068-180-X). Ward, Dederick C., and Wheeler, Mar- jorie W. Geologic Reference Sources. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1972. 453p. $12.50. (71-190223). (ISBN 0-8108-0477-8). Serebnick, Judith, ed. The Library Journal Book Review 1971. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1972. 923p. $19.95. (68- 59515). (ISBN 0-8352-0537-1). British Broadcasting Corporation. British Broadcasting, 1922-1972: A Select Bib- liography. London: BBC Publications, 1972. 49p. $1.78. (ISBN: 0-563-12137- 8). Katz, Bill. Magazines for Libraries. New York: R. R. Bowker, 1972. 822p. $22.00. (72-6607). (ISBN: 0-8352-0554-1). Carter, Harley. Dictionary of Electronics. Summit, Pa.: TAB Books, 1972. 410p. $8.95. (72-90780). (ISBN: 0-8306- 2300-X). International Publications Service. Inter- national Publications: An Annual Anno- tated Subject Bibliography, 1972!73. New York: International Publications Service, 1972. 103p. $5.00. (72-625001). Necker, Claire. Four Centuries of Cat Books. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1972. 518p. $15.00. (72-363). (ISBN 0-8108-0480-8). Rachow, Louis, and Hartley, Katherine. Guide to the Performing Arts-1968. Me- tuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1972. 407p. $12.50. (78-190222). (ISBN 0-8108-0504-9). Crihfield, Brevard, ed. Selected Bibliogra- phy on State Government, 1959-1972. Lexington, Ky.: The Council of State Government, 1972. 237p. $6.00. (72- 89680). Greenfield, Stanley B. The Interpretation of Old English Poems. Boston, Mass.: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972. 188p. $8.25. (ISBN 0-7100-7340-2). Lasworth, Earl James. Reference Sources in Science and Technology. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1972. 305p. $7.50. (72-3955). (ISBN 0-8108- 0500-6). Sutton, Roberta Briggs, and Mitchell, Char- ity. Speech Index: 1966- 1970. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1972. 277p. $7.50. (66-13749). (ISBN 0-8108-0498-0). Boydston, J o Ann, ed. The Early Works of John Dewey, 1882-1898. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois U niver- sity Press, Feffer & Simons, Inc., 1972. 464p. $15.00. (67-13938). (ISBN 0-8093-0540-2) . Adams, Frank C., and Stephens, Clar- ence W. A Student Job Classification Plan for Colleges and Universities. Car- bondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1972. 197p. $6.95. (ISBN 0-8093- 0586-0). Prentiss, Stan. General Electric Color TV Service Manual, Vol. 2. Summit, Penn.: Tab Books, 1972. 212p. $7.95 (leather- ette cover), $4.95 (paperback). (73- 129048). (paperbound ed.: ISBN 0-8306-1609-8). Fleming, E. McClung. R. R. Bowker: Mil- itant Liberal. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1952. 400p. (52- 11604). Grieve, Michael, and Scott, Alexander. The Hugh MacDiarmid Anthology, Poems in Scots and English. Boston, Mass.: Rout- ledge & Kegan Paul, 1972. 205p. $10.50. (72-83662). (ISBN 0-7100-7432-8). Temple University. Pollution and the En- vironment. Philadelphia, Penn.: Samuel Paley Library, Temple University, 1972. 25p. $2.00. Baldwin, Ruth M. One Hundred Nine- teenth-Century Rhyming Alphabets. Car- bondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Recent Publications I 81 Press, 1972. 296p. $15.00. (79-132482). (ISBN 0-8093-0509-7) . Shawcross, John T., ed. Milton 1732-1801: The Critical Heritage. Boston, Mass.: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972. 439p. $20.00. (ISBN 0-7100-7261-9). ABSTRACTS The following abstracts are based on those prepared by the Clearinghouse for Library and Information Sciences of the Educational Resources In- formation Center (ERIC/CLIS), American Society for Information Science, 1140 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 804, Washington, DC 20036. Documents with an ED number may be ordered in either microfiche (MF) or hard copy (HC) from ERIC Document Reproduction Service, LEASCO Information Products, Inc., P.O. Drawer 0, Bethesda, MD 20014. Orders must include ED number and specification of format .desired. A $0.50 handling charge will be a&led to all orders. Payment must accom- pany orders totaling less than $10.00. Orders from states with sales tax laws must include payment of the appropriate tax or include tax exemption certificates. Documents available from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151 have NTIS number and price following the citation. Toward a National Serials Data Program: Final Report of the National Serials Pi- lot Project. By Donald W. Johnson. As- sociation of Research Libraries, Washing- ton, D.C. , 1972. 93p. (ED 063 009, MF-$0.65). The National Serials Pjlot Project, Phase II of the National Serials Data Program, is described. Utilizing the MARC format for processing serials, the objectives were: ( 1) to create a machine-readable file containing live serials in the fields of science and tech- nology; ( 2) to produce a number of pre- liminary listings; and ( 3) to produce one or more written reports covering proce- dures, problems, and results. Data were in- put via an administrative terminal system to a 3?0/ 40 computer; processing of data was done on a 360/50 computer. Among the conclusions and recommendations are: ( 1) a national serials data bank in machine- readable form is both technically and eco- nomically feasible; ( 2) such a data bank should have its own machine-readable au- thority file for corporate names; . ( 3). input and output in upper case only would be more satisfactory from both the systems viewpoint and the cost viewpoint, but probably would not be accepted by the li- brary community; and ( 4) serious consid- eration should be given to the question of applicability of existing cataloging rules in the determination of main entry in a ma- chine-readable file. 82 I Certification of Public Librarians in the United States; A Detailed Summary of Legal and Voluntary Certification Plans for Public Librarians Based on Infor- mation Supplied by the Various Certifi- cating State Agencies or Other Appro- priate Sources, 2nd ed. By Ruth R. Frame and John R. Coyne. American Li- brary Association, Chicago, Illinois Li- brary Administration Division. 1972. 44p. (ED 062 998, MF-$0.65). Contained in this report is a detailed summary of legal and voluntary certifica- tion plans for public librarians in each of the fifty states. Descriptions of the certifica- tion plans for public librarians are based on information supplied by state agencies in September 1971. Each plan is identified by . the descriptive terms-mandatory, permis- sive, or voluntary. Mandatory certification is required by state law. Specific penalties for failure to comply are included in the statutes and codes of some of the states. Permissive certification is sanctioned by state law, but not compulsory. Voluntary certification has no legal basis, and is gen- erally sponsored by a state library associa- tion. States which have no certification law or plan are also listed. Library Orientation; Papers Presented at Annual Conference on Library Orien- tation (First, Eastern Michigan Univer- sity, May 7, 1971). Sui H. Lee, ed. East- .. ern Michigan University Library, Ypsi- lanti. 1972. 50p. (ED 063 004) . On May 7, 1971, the Eastern Michigan University library was host to the first an- nual conference on Library Orientation for Academic Libraries. The purpose of the conference was to explore solutions to such problems as: how to motivate students to use the library, how to teach proper meth- ods of research, and how to assist the facul- ty in the maximum usage of library re- sources for curriculum planning. The four papers presented at the conference are con- tained in this volume. "Why academic li- brary instruction?" provides a theoretical basis for library orientation. The topic of whether a separate course in bibliography or course-related library instruction is need- ed is discussed in "Question: a separate course in bibliography or course-related li- brary instruction?" "Motivating students and faculty" focuses on the problem of how to encourage use of the library. The final paper, "Library orientation is reaching out to people," is a discussion of the library outreach program at Eastern Michigan Uni- versity by the two orientation librarians. Factors Relating to the Employment of Student Assistants in Major American College and University Libraries. By William H. Williams. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Graduate Dept. of Library & Information Sciences, April 1969. 31p. (ED 065 141, MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29). This research project represents the re- sults of 264 questionnaires received from United States college and university li- braries with a student enrollment of 3, 000 or more. The results show that while there is widespread use of students in a variety of positions with varying degrees of respon- sibility, there is little effort made to or- ganize any form of training program; set standards for employment; or pay a stan- dardized wage. In ·addition, few records are kept as to the length of service or their work performance. The author hopes that this report of the survey results will stimu- late action toward the standardization of accepted selection and training procedures for student library assistants. The question- naire and sample cover letter are appended. Recent Publications I 83 The Medical Library Consultant-A Pro- posal for Investigation and Evaluation. By Vern M. Pings. Kentucky-Ohio-Mich- igan ·Regional Medical Library, Detroit, Michigan. April 1972. 27p. (ED 065 153, MF -$0.65 HC-$3.29) . It was determined that the further devel- opment of the Regional Medical Library Program required a more direct relation- ship with institutions than could be gained through announcements and direct mail- ings. Thus, since several libraries had shown .some success in upgrading of li- braries through the employment of medical library consultants, it was decided that each participating library would identify one member of its staff to perform the role of Intramural Coordinator. This paper at- tempts to identify the role of a new kind of librarian, the medical library consultant, and to define a reporting mechanism so that Kentucky-Ohio-Michigan Regional Medical Library ( KOMRML) extramural coordinators can begin to share experiences constructively for program planning and implementation. The change in function of the medical resource libraries to "public" libraries, the role of state library consultants in extending library services, and the pos- sible activities in which a medical library consultant might engage are examined. (Other papers on KOMRML are available as ED 044 147 through 151 and ED 048 889.) An Operations Research Study of the Pa- cific Northwest Bibliographic Center: Final Report. By David W. Taylor, et al. Bureau of Libraries and Educational Technology (DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. June 1972. 103p. (ED 065 127, MF -$0.65 HC-$6.58). This report describes the operations of the Pacific Northwest Bibliographic Center (PNBC) which is located at the University of Washington's library in Seattle. The cen- ter's Union Catalog contains bibliographic citations for 1,778,000 different titles held by forty-five libraries in the Pacific North- west. The Union Catalog is supplemented by microfilm files and several book catalogs, as well as the University of Washington li- brary's card catalog. These resources are estimated to describe and provide locations 84 I College & Research Libraries • January 1973 to approximately 2. 75 million different ti- tles. The filing and searching operations of PNBC are described in detail and costed. Flow-charts are provided. The characteris- tics of requests received, processed, and those for which locations were not provided are described. PNBC' s success rate ,in pro- viding locations for requests is 83.11 per- cent. Of the requests forwarded by PNBC to potential lending libraries, 83.69 percent result in materials being delivered to the requesting library. A determination was made of the elapsed times for component elements in the sequence from a library re- questing material, through processing with- in PNBC, to the library receiving the ma- terial. Processing time within PNBC was found to be 13.01 percent of the total "turn-around" mean time of 19.75 days, and about 6 percent of the total mode time of 10.5 days. Bibliographic Automation of Large Li- brary Operations Using a Time-sharing System: Phase II, Part I (July 1970- June 1971). Final Report. By A. H. Ep- stein and others. Stanford University, Calif. Libraries, February 1972. 287 p. (ED 060 883, MF-$0.65 HC-$9.87). The main objectives of Project BAL- LOTS (Bibliographic Automation of Large Library Operations Using a Time-Sharing System) are to control rising technical processing costs and, at th~ same time, to provide improved levels of service. This re- port on BALLOTS Phase II is concerned with the development and implementation of the production library automation sys- tem-the system that will support the day- to-day operations of the library. The report is divided into four parts. Chapter 1 gives some background for the report and sum- marizes the nature of the BALLOTS sys- tem, as well as its status at the end of the reporting period, June 1971. Chapter 2 de- scribes development progress in two differ- ent areas: the bibliographic services and system design as seen by the user; and the software and hardware design to support these services (including video terminal se- lection and screen design) . Chapter 3 de- scribes the major standards and analytic studies completed during the design. Each of these standards or studies became a part of the design, or had a substantial effect on the user, hardware, or software design de- scribed in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 describes the activities currently under way (follow- ing the reporting period) and future plans. The Public's Attitude Toward Public Li- brary Services in Essex County, New Jersey; A Research Study Conducted for the Essex County Library Directors Group Public Relations Committee. Market Dynamics, Inc., Princeton, N.J. June 1969. 129 p. (ED 061 974, MF- $0.65 HC-$6.58). In order to structure an effective cam- paign aimed at increasing the usage of the public libraries in Essex County, New Jer- sey, this research project was undertaken to determine the consumer attitudes toward various aspects of public library services. These aspects include: extent of public li- brary usage; awareness of library services offered, library services used, suggestions for improvement of library services, evalua- tion of library facilities, and profile of the library user. Cost considerations made it necessary to conduct the study mainly by telephone, using controls to minimize the bias resulting from homes without tele- phone listings. The questions answered by this survey include: ( 1) Who uses the li- brary?; (2) Whom does the public think the library is set up to serve?; ( 3) What do users think of library services?; ( 4) Why . don't people use the library?; ( 5) How does the library function relative to chil- dren?; ( 6) Why do people use the library?; and ( 7) How can potential library users be reached? The detailed findings are followed by an extensive tabular report. The appen- dix contains the questionnaire used and in- structions given to the interviews. Centralization Versus Decentralization: A Location Analysis Approach for Li- brarians. By Robert Shishko and Jeffrey Raffel. Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. August 1971. 23 p. (ED 060 856, MF -$0.65 HC-$3.29). One of the questions that seems to per- plex many university and special librarians is whether to move in the direction of cen- tralizing or decentralizing the library's col- lections and facilities. Presented is a the- j oretical approach, employing location the- ory, to the library centralization-decentral- ization question. Location theory allows the analyst to examine economies of scale and the cost of overcoming distance simultane- ously to determine the optimal location and size of university libraries for a given level of services. Specific applications for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( M. I. T. ) library system are discussed. A Su~vey of Automated Activities in the Libraries of Great Britqin and the Commonwealth Countries: Volume 2, World Survey Series. Ed. by Frank S. Patrinostro and Nancy P. Sanders. Li- brary Automation Research and Consult- ing Association, Tempe, Ariz. 1972. 93 p. (ED 060 873, ·available from LARC As- sociation, Tempe, Ariz. as BBB04709, $15.00). Concerned with identifying computer based library projects in Great Britain and the commonwealth countries, this survey is based primarily on the survey question- naires, but information was also gathered from extensive research of the literature. This published report of the survey findings is divided into four parts: ( 1) an analysis of the Library Automation Research and Consulting (LARC) Association survey re- sults; ( 2) indexes to the survey listing; ( 3) the survey reports; and ( 4) a detailed re- view of several automated projects, includ- ing a report on a survey of automated ac- tivities in British University libraries and a National Libraries automatic data proc- essing") (ADP) study. The survey is for the use of those librarians intending to auto- mate and seeking information from those who have implemented similar systems. It should also be useful to funding agencies since it documents the extent of existing automation, and identifies areas where little appears to be going on. Conference plan- ners might find it useful for locating speak- ers, discussion leaders, etc., outside the well-known and often reported systems. Using the Library: The Card Catalog. By Charles I. Bradshaw and others. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Instruc- tional Services Division. 1971. 90p. (ED 062 992, MF-$0.65). Recent Publications I 85 Preliminary research conducted on un- dergraduate university students showed that those tested averaged only 32 percent correct on their pretest knowledge of the workings of the library card catalog. This card catalog program text has been de- signed to help the student learn the use of the card catalog and to use it faster and more effectively. The program deals with six aspects of the card catalog: ( 1) filing rules; ( 2) call numbers; ( 3) cross-referenc- ing; ( 4) author, title, and subject cards; ( 5) tracings; and ( 6) the book Subject Headings Used in the Dictionary Catalogs of the Library of Congress. Three main di- visions of the rna terial are: ( 1) . pretest, ( 2) workbook, and ( 3) posttest. The tests are designed to be self-administered and self-scored. The student should take the pretest and grade it himself; it will show in which of the six areas of the card catalog he needs instructional help. The student then should follow the instruction outlined in each of the critical areas as indicated by the pretest results. The student .should spend as much or as little time in instruc- tion as is felt necessary before taking the posttest. Compare pretest and posttest scores for actual learning gain. Evaluation of On-Line Searching in MEDLARS (AIM-TWX) by Biomedi- cal Practitioners. By Wilfrid F. Lancas- ter. Illinois University, Urbana, Graduate School of Library Science. February 1972. 21p. (ED 062 989, MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29). The purpose of the investigation was to determine how effectively biomedical prac- titioners, with a minhnum of introduction to the system, can conduct on-line searches to satisfy their own information needs. The searches were conducted on the Abridged Index Medicus data base as implemented on the on-line ELHILL system (AIM- TWX). ELHILL is the ORBIT on-line re- trieval system of the System Development Corporation as modified for National Li- brary of Medicine use. AIM-TWX was a particular experiment whereby ELHILL was used to make the data base of Abridged Index Medicus available by tele- typewriter exchange. Forty-eight searches were conducted by biomedical practition- ers. Trained search analysts then structured 86 I College & Research Libraries • January 1973 and conducted searches on the same sub- ject. Statistics were collected and results compared. It is concluded that many bio- medical practitioners could exploit AIM- TWX profitably with the minimum of in- troduction to the system and without the necessity of using a trained MEDLARS analyst. Limitations of the present ELHILL system and potential improvements are dis- cussed as well as possible longer-term ap- proaches to the problems of on-line re- trieval. Statement of Ownership and Management College & Research Libraries is published 17 times a year, bimonthly as a technical journal with II monthly News issues, combining July-August, by The American Library Association, 50 E. Huron St., Chicago, IL _-. 60611. American Library Association , owner; Richard M. Dougherty, editor. Fourth class postage paid at '" Fulton, Missouri. Printed in U.S.A. As a nonprofit organization authorized to mail at special rates (Section 132.122 , Postal Service Manual), the purposes, function, and nonprofit status of this organization, and the exempt status for Federal income tax purposes have not changed during the preceding twelve months. Extent and Nature of Circulation ("Average" figures denote the number of copies printed each issue during the preceding twelve . months; "Actual" figures denote number of copies of single issue published nearest to filing date-the September 1972 issue.) Total number of copies printed: Average, 15,653; Actual, 15,500. Paid circulation: not applicable (i.e., no sales through dealers, carriers , street vendors, and counter sales). Mail subscriptions: Average, 13,779; Actual, 13,974. Total paid circulation: Average, 13,779; Actual, 13,974. Free distribution: Average , I ,076; Actua I, I, I 07. Total distribution: Average, 14,855; Actua I, 15,081. Office use, left-over, unaccounted, spoiled after printing: Average , 798; Actual, 419. Total (sum previous two entries): Average , 15,653; Actual, 15 ,500. Statement of Ownership, Management and Circulation (PS form 3526, July 1972) ' for 1972 filed with the United States Post Office Postmaster in Chicago, September 30, 1972. I