College and Research Libraries The author writes in a very readable style, at times with flair. However, it is astonishing· to discover the following state- ment on the possible introduction of two- year master-level programs at British Poly- technics: "Librarianship is, in any case, a predominantly female profession. For girls [sic] whose working career may be cut short by the vicissitudes of marriage, the prospects of an additional two-year voca- tional course may seem an unnecessary luxury" (p.34). If one keeps in mind the limitations, con- fined coverage, and at times superficial treatment, the book is particularly useful to American readers in making some of the complexities of British library education clear. As to American library education, readers will find rriore in-depth treatment in Toward the Improvement of Library Education, edited by Martha Boaz (Li- braries Unlimited, 1913).-]osephine Riss Fang, Professor of Library Science, Sim- mons College, Boston. Churchwell, Charles D. The Shaping of American Library Education. (ACRL Publications in Librarianship, no.36) Chicago: American Library Assn., 1975. 130p. $8.50. (LC 7 4-23989) (ISBN 0- 8389-0170-0) This slender monograph of 102 pages plus notes, bibliography, and index, is, in essence, the published form of Churchwell's doctoral dissertation which was completed at Illinois in 1966 under the title, "Educa- tion for Librarianship in the United States: Some Factors Which Influenced Its Devel- opment between 1919 and 1939." Now with its more felicitous, though less descrip- tive title, and the imprimatur of ALA, it appears as number 36 in ACRL's Publica- tions in Librarianship Series. The blue-and-white paperback format is pleasing, the typography attractive, and the index quite adequate. However, as a his- tory of American library education, its new title is somewhat misleading and its con- tents incomplete . . The author cannot be faulted for this, since, as the earlier title suggests, he is cqncerned with only two decades in the history of library education. Churchwell's work needs to be read in copnection with two other segments of the Recent Publications I 173 story which have appeared in print (again as published doctoral dissertations) under the titles Training for Librarianship before 1923, by Sarah K. V ann, and The Profes- sionalization of Education for Librarianship with Special Reference to the Years 1940- 1960, by C. Edward Carroll. Taken to- gether, these three volumes, each building consciously upon the other, give an ade- quate and even detailed picture of the pro- fession's efforts to provide and regulate the preparation of its practicing librarians. The period from 1960 to the present re- mains unchronicled except for a few peri- odical articles including a very perceptive one by Summers1 and a chapter in a recent symposium on library education by this re- viewer.2 The excellent monograph by Shera is more a philosophic examination than a historical account of recent developments in library education. 3 But, back to Churchwell. Taking his cue from a landmark article written by Louis Round Wilson in 1932,4 Churchwell decid- ed to explore in greater detail those "most important movements, events, and influ- ences that ... characterized the develop- ment" of education for librarianship. Wil- son had enumerated ten such influences beginning with the founding of Dewey's School of Library Economy at Columbia in 1887. Churchwell, wisely Hmiting his scope, and beginning where Vann had left off, decided to explain and analyze those which occurred between 1919 and 1939, roughly the period between the two world wars. He discusses (I) the work of the Tem- porary Library Board, (2) the Board of Education for Librarianship, . (3) the Car- negie Corporation's Ten-Year Program for Library Education (which produced . both the famous Williamson Report aBd the Chi- cago Graduate Library School), (4) . the role of the Association of American Library Schools, and (5) the effects of the great depression on library education. The relationships and interactions among these various forces have not · always been clearly understood. Churchwell does much to set them in perspective and to show the part each played. Reading this volume not only sets the record straight, but may also throw some light on current problems vex- 174 I College & Research Libraries • March 1976 ing library education. For example, the cry to limit enrollments and curtail accredita- tion activities because of an oversupply of librarians is not new. In 1932 the Board of Education for Li- brarianship (predecessor to the COA) ca- pitulated to the unemployment situation and asked accredited schools to reduce their enrollments. 5 What the board failed to see, according to Churchwell, was that unemployment among librarians was due to the great depression and not to an over- supply of trained personnel (p.40). The peak of unemployment was over by 1934, and the situation was greatly improved by 1937. Yet the effects of the board's 1932 decision probably caused acute shortages immediately before and during World War II. It is to be hoped that current pres- sure on the Committee of Accreditation do not result in similar unwise decisions. A reading of Churchwell by graduate students will also demonstrate how a brief span of educational history can be illumi- nated by a careful use of documents and a concern for detail. This small monograph has made a not so small contribution to our understanding of library education.- C. Edward Carroll, Professor of Library Science, University of Missouri-Columbia. REFERENCES 1. William Summers, "The Emergence of Li- brary Education," American Libraries 3:792 (July-Aug. 1972). 2. Mary B. Cassata and Herman L. Totten, eds., The Administrative Aspects of Educa- tion for Librarianship ( Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1975), p.1-28. 3. Jesse Shera, The Foundations of Education for Librarianship ( New York: Becker and Hayes, 1972). . 4. Louis R. Wilson, "Aspects of Education for Librarianship in America," Library Quarter- ly 2:1-10 (Jan. 1932). 5. "Unemployment among Librarians," ALA Bulletin 27:178 (March 1932). Harris, Michael H., ed. The Age of Jewett: Charles Coffin Jewett and American Li- brarianship, 1841-1868. (The Heritage of Librarianship Series, no.1) Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1975. 166p. $11.50. (LC 75-14205) (ISBN 0- 87287-113-4) The plan for the new Heritage of Li- brarianship Series issued by Libraries U n- limited is to present a "carefully selected" collection of the writings of prominent American and European librarians preced- ed by a "substantive critical essay" assess- ing the subject's significance for librarian- ship, past and present. Michael H. Harris, the general editor of the series, is also the editor of this first volume of selections from Charles Coffin Jewett's writings and author of the essay on Jewett. Although European librarians are to be included, the subjects announced for the second and third vol- umes are also Americans: Ainsworth Rand Spofford by John Y. Cole and Charles Ammi Cutter by Francis Miksa. The proj- ect, albeit ambitious, appears promising if judged from the qualifications of these three editor/ authors. Approximately two-thirds of the present volume consists of writings by Jewett. The earliest is a part of his preface to the Brown University Library catalog of 1843, includ- ing the regulations of the Library. His 1846 paper opposing tariffs on imported books is reprinted in full as is his presidential ad- dress and paper given at the Librarians' Conference of 1853. The selections from his first, second, third, and fifth (last) annual reports at the Smithsonian are exceptionally important. These documents reveal his visions of his two now famous failures, the Smithsonian as the national library and the production of library catalogs from clay stereotype plates. The reports also include other products of his fertile mind such as inter- national exchange of duplicates, a monthly bulletin of accessions, and the plan, partial- ly executed, for a national union catalog on cards. Omissions in these selections are in- dicated by the standard ellipses but the ex- tent and general content of the omitted material are not. This was noted particular- ly in the excerpt from his second report in which he refers to his first (p.94). The plan of work referred to, the "general cata- log of American libraries," was omitted from the first selection although it might well have been included as the original method for the compilation of union cata- logs. The selection from On the Construction