College and Research Libraries tations after 1971. Of greater importance are the dated references to many countries which have undergone dramatic upheavals in recent years. Can this statement, "Chile at present possesses a steady and important publishing business . . . and a noteworthy rate of book consumption per capita," ac- curately apply to the repressive state of Pinochet's junta? Indeed, one must speculate over the va- lidity of reports emerging from authoritari- an regimes, . be they of the right or the left. As book people, we librarians must ever be concerned with the untrammeled exchange of ideas and information. If readers of this book expect to find in it sections dealing honestly with censorship, intellectual free- dom, or licensing-be it in · Argentina, Cuba, or Haiti-they will be disappointed. With this serious objection noted, the book · is, nevertheless, an important one which justifies its high price. It will prove useful for reference librarians as well as those in collection development and acqui- sitions. Its utility will increase with the publication of a promised index in the final volume. Taubert presents in comprehensive form information required both for the practice of the book trade at the interna- tional level and for the understanding of that activity by readers and scholars.- M arc Gittelsohn, Undergraduate Librarian, University of Califomia at San Diego, La Jolla. American Library History: 1876-1976. Howard W. Winger, issue editor. Library Trends 25:1 (July 1976), 416p. (Avail- able from University of Illinois Press, U r- bana, IL 61801. $4.00.) The bicentennial of the United States has awakened new interest in the national heri- tage of the .American people. Similarly, the centennial of the American Library Associa- tion has brought forth fresh awareness of the achievements of libraries and librarians since 1876. American Library History: 1876- 1976, edited by Howard W. Winger and published as the July 1976 issue of Library Trends, provides a significant contribution to the historical literature of librarianship. Along with the publication of The ALA Yearbook: 1976 Centennial Edition and ar- ticles that · have appeared recently in Col- lege & Research Libraries and other profes~ Recent Publications I 173 sional journals, this volume describes the major events, important trends, and notable accomplishments of the past one hundred years. To achieve his aim of presenting a "straightforward account of events without a rigorous development of hypotheses," Winger called upon eighteen capable edu- cators and leaders of the profession to pro- vide a collection of well~written articles that appear within four broad subject-re- lated groupings. Although variations in style, interests, and philosophies are to be expected and are even desirable, the evi- dences of serious research and scholarly re- flection by its contributors offer the greatest values of this collection. The abundance of notes and, in some cases, supplemental ref- erences also ·provide excellent bibliograph- ical access to additional resources. The opening group of artfcles appears under a heading entitled "The Setting" and covers the writing of library history, the distribution of libraries throughout the United States, the growth of research col- lections, statistical reporting of American library developments by the federal govern- ment, and library . buildings. John C. Col- son's lead chapter appeals to the serious student of library history by speculating about the contrasting definitions of "history as a past which is known, and needs only to be explained," and "history as a method of study." The author's strong preference for the latter view, however, implies crit- ical judgment of the editor's aim as well as many of the articles that follow. This chap- ter might better have been reserved for the conclusion of the volume, there to provide the kind of liberating interpretation for which its author appeals. The contributions of Haynes McMullen and Robert B. Downs within this section offer the sort of solid reporting for which these men have established reputations. Based upon his many years of work with library statistical reporting, Frank L. Schick provides a useful summary of what has oc- curred in that field. Walter C. Allen's use of descriptive periods (e.g., "floundering," "monumental," "the dawn," and "golden age") are imaginative as well as interesting in surveying library building developments. Few students of library architecture since World War II would agree with Allen, 174 I College & Research Libraries • March 1977 however, that the McKeldin Library at the University of Maryland was one of the "pacesetters" along with Lamont at . Har- vard, Olin at Washington University, St. Louis, or the University of California, Santa Cruz, library. "The Library Profession" describes the second group of articles. Within this . sec- tion, · Donald G. Davis, Jr., · provides a very useful synopsis of library education as it has passed through seven developmental stages. Then, noting "the affinity of librarians to organize," Peggy Sullivan traces the growth of library associ~tions and their influence upon publishing, personnel concerns, stan- dards, legislation, international relations, and intellectual freedom. J. Periam Dan- ton's excellent description and ' analysis of the library press fills a noted void in the literature and will hopefully stimulate more writing on this subject. Likewise, Edward G. Holley very capably surveys events in twenty-five-year periods since 1876 which reflected concerns for librarians and con- cludes with an appeal for more studies of individual librarians. Rounding out this sec- tion, W. Boyd Hayward discusses points of contact between librarianship in the "New World and the Old." Technical services. and bibliographical control are the subjects of articles in the third section, ~'Organizer of Library Re- sources." Working her way through the maze of cataloging rules and codes with re- markable patience and tenacity, Kathryn L. Henderson documents developments from the publication of Cutter's rules in 1876 to the present. Along ,the way, she notes persistent problems that have re- curred, efforts to determine the function of the catalog, and the need for standards and principles. Doralyn J. Hickey then provides a counterpart interpretive survey of subject analysis in which she expresses concerns about the "failure of Americans to concen- trate attention on the theory of subject anal- ysis and control." From the vantage point of first-hand experience at the Library of Con- gress, Edith Scott describes the evolution of bibliographical systems in the United States from 1876 to 1945. Continuing on the satpe subject, Barbara E. Markuson looks seriously at bibliographical control de- velopments since 1945, noting the effects of data processing and the computer, scien- tific management and systems analysis, and on-going concerns for resource distribution. In the final section, "Aspects of Library Service," attention is focused upon the needs of children and young people, col- lege students, and adults and the role of special libraries. Maintaining that "children were themselves the instigators of the de- velopment of library services to fit their needs," Sara I. Fenwick describes tlie changes that have occurred in programs for children and young people during the past one · hundred years. Considering college students, Fritz Veit then shows that chang- ing teaching methods, greater collection de- velopment, interlibrary loan and reserve book services, library orientation and in- struction programs, independent study opportunities, and the emergence of the un- dergraduate library combined to bring about the change from "a book-centered toward a user-centered library." Continu- ing the service theme, Herbert Bloom notes that the delivery of materials, use of librar- ies for educational goals, and the provision of information all increased the values of libraries in meeting the needs of adults. Fi- nally, the role of the special library is studied by Elin B. Christianson, who con- cludes that the utilitarian management of print, the concept of the librarian as a sub- ject or information specialist, the impor- tance of specific groups of users, and the ideal of information service are the central concepts of the special libraries movement. The editor acknowledges several areas that are not covered, such as reference, extension, service to the handicapped, in- corporation of media, and types of institu- tions. To these may be added other topics such as financial support, legislation, the role of government at all levels, and philan- thropy. Yet this collection covers with notable thoroughness the major issues and concerns of libraries during the past one hundred years. It is a most worthy contri- bution to the literature of librarianship.- Kenneth G. Peterson, Dean of Library Af- fairs, Southern Illinois University-Carbon- dale. Williams, James G., with the assistance of Elspeth Pope. Simulation Activities iQ Li- brary, Communication, and Information Science. Edited by Patrick R. Penland.