College and Research Libraries their counterparts in this revised edition, one can only conclude that rather little has changed since the early 1970s. Three papers appear unchanged apart from a few updat- ings and corrections, others show only minor revisions, and a few have major sec- tions rewritten. Maltby's excellent introductory essay, "Classification-Logic, Limits, Levels," has been admirably enlarged. "The Biblio- graphic Classification" by J. Mills is basi- cally the same but contains an outline of the new Bibliographic Classification and other changes, reflecting the author's work toward the comprehensive revision of this classifica- tion scheme as chairman of the Bliss Classi- fication Association. M. A. Gopinath' s "Colon Classification" shows only minor changes. This is true also of the following paper, J. P. Immroth's "Li- brary of Congress Classification," as well as the papers by B. C. Vickery, "Classificatory Principles in Natural Language Indexing Systems"; E. M. Keen, "Prospects for Clas- sification Suggested by Evaluation Tests"; and Robert R. Freeman; "Classification in Computer-Based Information Systems of the 1970s." G. A. Lloyd's "Universal Decimal Classi- fication" follows the same general outline as his earlier paper but contains new informa- tion, mainly additions on UDC in relation to the broad system of ordering for UN- ISIST, and also an epilogue somewhat less optimistic about the future of UDC than that expressed in his paper published in 1972. Sarah K .. Vann's "Dewey Decimal Classi- fication" includes many rewritten sections as well as a new section on the eighteenth edi- tion. A detailed appendix in the first edition appraising the then forthcoming eighteenth edition has been deleted, however. Of major interest is Derek Austin's "The CRG Research into a Freely Faceted Scheme," a revision of his earlier paper, "Trends towards a Compatible General Sys- tem." Initially similar, the new paper con- tains much additional information on the development of PRECIS. This is a most worthwhile collection of papers on the current state and prospective developments in classification, both theory and practice, by recognized authorities in Recent Publications I 53 the field. Anyone with even a remote inter- est in the subject who missed the first edi- tion should certainly consider this revision. While there is much identical material, those who have the first edition and are concerned with the subject will find the changes significant and will want this re- vised edition as well.-]. R. Moore 1 Gradu- ate School and University Center, The City University of New York. Sutherland, J. A. Victorian Novelists and Publishers . . Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr.; London: The Athlone Pr. of the Univ. of London, 1976. 251p. $13.95. LC 76-8216. ISBN 0-226-78061-9. The past few years have been witness to an encouraging growth of scholarly interest in publishing, as distinct from literary or printing, history. Recent publications (e. g., Studies in the Book Trade in Honor of Graham Pollard and the long-awaited first number of a new journal, Publishing His- tory) have begun to circulate some of the best research that has been done on this critical aspect of the history of books. John Sutherland's Victorian Novelists and Pub- lishers is a superb book, an indication of the works of synthesis to which, one hopes, the more specialized studies will give birth. Between 1830 and 1870 publishing in England evolved rapidly and permanently from the modest trade of booksellers into the big-business world of publishing firms still with us today. Simultaneously, and not incidentally, the production of fiction in- creased enormously, both in quantity and quality. New formats and methods of distribution-the three-decker, publication in parts, magazine serialization, and the cir- culating libraries-were the new . charac- teristics of fiction publication. Dickens, the Brontes, Trollope, and others, when mar- keted by publishers like Chapman and Hall or Longman or distributed by M udie' s, ap- pealed to a new middle·-class reading public that differed from both the armchair novel reader of earlier times and the working-class reader of subliterary writing. Other factors also contributed to the growth of literary fic- tion: the railways, for example, were an ideal place for the reading of fiction; gas lighting increased the places where it was possible to read. 54 I College & Research Libraries • January 1978 These factors fed on each other. The three-decker's economics turned out to be predictably, if modestly, profitable, even in quite small editions. Thus publishers could take chances with works that might have only limited appeal. This meant a steady supply of fiction of constant " novelty ," which in turn encouraged novel reading as a fashionable habit. Part publication allowed publishers to gauge quickly a book's appeal and tailor their print orders appropriately; and on the other side, it allowed the public to test out a new work on the small invest- ment of the price of a single number. The railways opened up a new point of distribu- tion , the railway bookstall , which in turn fostered the sale of cheap editions of popu- lar writers . All in all it was a splendid cli- mate for writer and publisher alike, despite the marginal profit levels that have always been characteristic of the book trade. The first half of Sutherland's book draws a readable and comprehensive picture of this climate. Well-documented generalizations ·emerge from publishers' archives and led- gers, letters, and biographical sources. Suf- ficient illustrative incident is cited to flesh out the account. Nor is the picture by any means a uniform one: one of Sutherland's themes is the tremendous variety of prac- tices and styles prevalent in the emerging publishing firms. The big names-Smith Elder, Macmillan, Longman, Bentley, Chapman and Hall, Bradbury and Evans, Blackwood-were as different from one another as they were collectively from the smaller, less influential firms such as Tinsley and Newby. The nature of an author's pub- lisher could and did have marked effects on the person's reputation and sales and on the nature of the author's writing. The second half of the book explores this theme 'in greater detail, examining the rela- tionships of several conspicuously successful authors of the first and lesser rank- Thackeray, Kingsley, Troll ope, Charles Lever and Harrison Ainsworth , Dickens, George Eliot, and Hardy-with their "big seven" publishers. These accounts are of great interest to the literary critic, for they add much to our knowledge of the circum- 315 new listings! Available now! The comprehensive guide to Over 1800 Research Grants. The single most valuable reference on millions of dollars worth of research grants is available now. The 1978 edition of the Directory of Research Grants is the comprehensive , up-to-date guide to over 1800 unique research grants in 90 subject categories . Organized by subject , this invaluable reference saves many hours of time-consuming grant searching. All grant sources are covered- public and private. domestic and foreign , and graduate and undergraduate . Recommended by every major professional reviewing service. "Outstanding Reference Book-1975"- American Library Association ll QRYX PRESS 3930EastCamelbackRoad '\U Phoenix , Arizona 85018 • (602) 956-6233 Ava ilable now. ISBN 0-912700-44 -0 Hard co ver. 304 pages . $37.50 plu s $1.25 postag e and hand li ng . stances influencing an author--or rather, a successful literary author. However, as analysis of the works under discussion, they are merely a beginning; we will still need to have full-length studies of the relations of each of these authors to his publisher. However, Sutherland has succeeded in sub- stantiating his claim that publishers share responsibility for much of what was written during England's golden age of fiction. This is an excellent and stimulating ac- count of the best-known aspect of one particular branch of nineteenth-century pub- lishing and will be the preferred introduc- tion to the subject for students of literature, bibliography, and economic history. One only wishes that someone would do the same for the altogether less studied genres of the Victorian age.-]oan M. Friedman, Yale Center for British Art and British Studies, New Haven, Connecticut. Collections of Official Publications in Canada. Research Collections in Cana- dian Libraries. II. Special Studies. V.5. Ottawa: Resources Survey Division, Col- lections Development Branch, National Library of Canada, 1976. 888p. $10 Canada; $12 other countries. (Available from Information Canada, 171 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario IlA OS9.) This is the National Library of Canada's fifth state-of-the-art report in the series Re- search Collections in Canadian Libraries in- tended to assess Canadian libraries' holdings of government publications. NLC surveyed a wide cross-section of libraries, employing a preliminary questionnaire for all libraries and then follow-up checklists of specific ti- tles, subjects, countries, and agencies for those libraries collecting at more · concen- trated levels. The report consists of two parts: a narra- tive summary of findings and appendixes giving detailed information on the content of collections of government publications in about 250 libraries. What emerges, as a re- sult, is a 136-page report and 735 pages of appendixes including holdings lists, ques- tionnaires, checklists, and collection de- velopment statements-a potpourri of in- formation and data on official publications not found between two covers anywhere else. Recent Publications i 55 The report itself is, of course, the most important segment and contributes to our knowledge not only of official pub.lications in Canadian libraries but of documents gener- ally. One must be mindful that the emphasis of the report is on selection and acquisition, and any discussion of adminis- tration and staffing is related to these two facets. The chapter on selection and acquisi- tion itself is excellent. This chapter relates how types of libraries acquire government documents and also discusses depository ar- rangements, purchase, gifts and exchanges, retention, and weeding. It is a valuable supplement to texts on library acquisition practices. After the discussion on selection and ac- quisition, the report focuses on special areas of publications: parliamentary, nonpar- liamentary, municipal, foreign, international organizations, and microforms. The data and information reported about these publica- tions were general, from the follow-up checklists returned by libraries that re- ported some in-depth collecting in the vari- ous areas. It is here that some unevenness appears in the report. For example, there is an inventory df parliamentary holdings (de- bates, journals, etc.) by specific titles, while the survey of nonparliamentary is by sub- jects. In the area of municipal documents, the report emphasizes their elusiveness and difficulty and surveys the provinces to de- termine where notable collections exist. When it comes to international inter- governmental organizations (IGOs), the re- port gives scant narration about holdings. One has to rely on the appendixes that list IGOs and which libraries collect them. A chart that would simply indicate which li- braries are depositories for various IGOs would be helpful. The attempt of the report to wrestle with "working documents" of IGOs and technical reports was admittedly a failure. So what one has to deal with is a whole range of government publications en- tities: specific titles, names of organizations, countries, cities, and subjects. This is not to indict the report, since the variety and scope of government publishing would not permit otherwise, but only to indicate that an interested reader is going to deal with a range of dissimilar information.