College and Research Libraries 172 I College & Research Libraries • March 1980 ally intervening in the middle of an English sentence. Some good copy editing is not too much to ask when the price of this volume is this steep for a paperback volume sans index. Libraries would be advised to bind this if more than a few uses are expected. This reviewer recommends purchase for library or institutional collections, but not by inciividuals for personal use since most individuals are likely to find only a few pa- pers to their interest for archival purposes. Interlibrary loan will be a justifiable way for individuals to examine this volume if their libraries would not have multiple-use de- mand for it.-Audrey N. Grosch, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis-St. Paul. Garfield, Eugene. Citation Indexing-Its Theory and Application in Science, Technology, and Humanities. Information Science Series. New York: Wiley, 1979. 274p. $15.95. LC 78-9713. ISBN 0-471- 02559-3. A clear, concise, well-organized introduc- tion to citation indexing and its applications has long been needed. This book fills that need admirably. Its author is Eugene Garfield, the founder and president of the institute for Scientific Information (lSI), publisher of Current Contents, Science Ci- tation Index, Social Science Citation Index, Arts and Humanities Index, and journal Ci- tation Reports. The work describes the na- ture and history of the development of cita- tion indexing, the design and production of a citation index, and applications of citation indexing for bibliographic searching as well as for use as a research tool for the under- standing of science, scientists, and scientific journals. The author's enthusiasm for citation in- dexing leads him occasionally to overstate 'his case: "If an index is looked at as an at- tempt to represent as much detail of the real world as possible, a citation index would be to a conventional subject index what a full-color photograph would be to a black-and-white drawing" (page 9). But this is not much o( an exaggeration. Garfield carefully shows the advantages of the citation index over conventional subject indexes for indexing and for bibliographic searching; these include the lack of need for intellectual analysis in citation indexing, the objectivity of citation indexing, the increase in potential productivity and efficiency in searching, the avoidance of semantic prob- lems and the need for vocabulary standardi- zation in citation indexes, the lack of need-at least at the indexing stage-to worry about the variety of human languages in which papers are published, the precision of the citation index over time, and the abil- ity of the citation index to identify relevant papers across disciplines. To this list could be added the fact that citation indexing me·asures quality, if only very crudely, while traditional subject indexes do not. These are mighty advantages, leading this reader to become aware of'his underuse of citation indexes for his personal literature searching needs. Garfield thoroughly addresses the limita- tions of citation indexing as well. Among these limitations are the problem of self- citation, the negative citation, the overciting of methodological papers, and the fact that citation indexing cannot identify significant work that has not been recognized as sig- nificant by the scientific community nor take into account the relative prestige of journals. . Just as lSI's tools provide an interdiscipli- nary approach to indexing and retrieval, so does this wo'rk present a multifaceted view of the applications of citation indexing. Garfield demonstrates not only its value as a bibliographic search tool but also its applica- tion to the patent literature and its use as a tool for the study and management of sci- ence, for analyzing the structure of science, for measuring the utility of journals and re- lationships between journals and fields, and for measuring the performance of scientists. Detailed discussions of methodologies and results for these applications are presented in separate chapters, each with an extensive bibliography. This review would not be complete with- out discussion of the indexes to the volume. There is not only a detailed subject index but also a cited-author index. References to the work of Eugene Garfield were omitted from the latter, but a quick check of a sam- ple of chapter bibliographies reveals that approximately 30 percent of all chapter cita- tions are in · fact self-citations. This is as it should be. Eugene Garfield has written far (Index to International 1 Public Opinion, 1978-1979 ~ Prepared by Survey Research Consultants International, Inc. 0) ~ a. u 0 0 3 c 0) ! ~ E 0 ~ \A. c 0 ·-~ (i u ·-:D ::» Q. 0 ::» c c (i 3 0) c a: The Index to International Public Opinion, 1978-1979, is a fascinating and important contribution to global understanding . This unique annual reference book presents public opinion data from every region of the world on virtually every social. political. and economic topic of importance to the human community today . Place your standing order for this new annual publication with your subscription agent or Greenwood Press. By placing a standing order you will receive a twenty percent discount from the list price of the first and subsequent volumes. PROVIDES BROAD COVERAGE • Covers ~urveys conducted in nearly 50 countries • Also includes domestic American public opinion polls on international subjects AND OFFERS EASILY ACCESSIBLE DATA • Arranged by 22 brood topics and 150 subtopics • Includes a topical index of nearly 400 subjects as well as on index by countries in which surveys were conducted and on index by countries referred to in the surveys FROM MANY AUTHORITATIVE SOURCES • Separate section covers selected single-notion polls of the Gallup International Research Institutes • More than 50 leading polling organizations ore presented- including the Harris Survey, the lnstitut fur Demoskopie Allensboch, and Public Opinion Research of Israel ltd. -to ensure a variety of · approaches and survey groups '' The importance of recording public opinion data gathered in all parts of the world can hardly be overestimated. Index to International Public Opinion, as an annual reference volume, serves as a unique source of information about prevailing opinion on social issues within individual nation-states worldwide.'' -ADRI BAKKER, Chairman. Nederlandse Stichting voor Statistiek, The Hogue, Netherlands ''For many years researchers through- out the world have sought an index to international public opinion and now, to my delight, Survey Research Consultants International is undertaking this mam- moth task . SACI's work in coordinating and publishing research carried on around the world over the past several years has proved their capability .and professionalism .... " -ROBERT M. WORCESTER Managing Director, Market & Opinion Research International (MORI), Londo~ , England ''We live in a time when attitudes in one nation toward the foreign policy making of another nation may be even more significant than attitudes in the original nation toward its own foreign policy . We also live in a time when analysis and interpretation of political attitudes in one nation by journalists and politicians in another may be incomplete and superficial. Hence the enormous value of this comprehensive index with its international approach to public opinion. " -JAMES MACGREGOR BURNS Pulitzer Prize-winning Historian. and Woodrow Wilson Professor of Government at Williams College. Index to International Public Opinion, 1978-1979. Edited by Survey Aes~arch Consultants International. Inc. (Westport, Conn. 1980). 386 pages. ISBN 0-313-22058-1. $59 .95 (An annual publication). (20% discount on standing orders). ~"'----GREENWOOD PRESS • 51 Rlv•rsld• Av•nu•, W•stport, Conn. 06880 ___ , 174 I College & Research Libraries • March 1980 more extensively on citation indexing and its applications than any other author. The work is highly recommended for all librarians and information specialists as well as for sociologists and historians of science.-Stephen P. Harter, University of So~th Florida, Tampa. Stone, Elizabeth; Sheahan, Eileen; and Harig, Katherine J. Model Continuing Education Recognition System in Library and Information Science. New York~ K. G. Saur, 1979. 313p. $29. LC 79- 11538. ISBN 0-89664-145-7. With the increasing concern and partici- pation in continuing education by the library/information/media community, there has also been aroused an interest in de- veloping some type of recognition system that would provide a visible means of ac- countability, contribute to improving the quality of the programs, and make it possi- ble for those who do take continuing educa- tion courses to gain recognition for their efforts. The present study, the result of a grant awarded to the Continuing Library Educa- tion Network and Exchange (CLENE) ,and Catholic University, addresses two aspects of continuing education: (1) the develop- ment of a model recognition system for library/information/media personnel engaged in nontraditional programs of study (i.e., home study projects) and (2) the design and demonstration of a home study course that would qualify for recognition in the inclu- sion of that model. However, although the study is limited to nontraditional programs of continuing education, the procedures and methodology used in collecting data for the project provide information relevant to questions and issues that may also arise re- garding recognition for more traditional types of continuing education programs. This report of the project on model rec- ognition systems is dhdded into seven chap- ters, each of which lends itself to discrete assessment. Chapter 1, introduction and background, discusses the expressed need for the study. Chapter 2 deals with the pro- cedures and methodology used in collecting data; these are painstakingly described by the authors. It includes procedures for de- veloping and pretesting home study modules, guidelines, processes for dis- seminating information about home study programs, and the use of continuing educa- tion uni~s in the home study program. Chapter 3 explores continuing education recognition units used by other prdfessions that provide for nontraditional studies. The definition of home study and its advantages and disadvantages are included. Chapters 4 and 5 relate to the findings and conclusions of library/information/media personnel pre- sently participating in continuing education relative to their perception of the objectives of such a system. Chapter 6 contains the proposed model for a voluntary continuing education recog- nition system and suggestions for imple- menting it. The results, conclusions, and recommen- dations of this extensive research project as described are impressive in scope, ency- clopedic in treatment. The authors also an- ticipate problems and have recognized that one of the major barriers to the develop- ment of home study courses is the lack of adequately trained persons and the absence of educational institutions with training pro- grams. In collecting data on a model recognition system for nontraditional programs, the au- thors have also collected information dealing with concomitant questions that relate to recognition units for more traditional con- tinuing education programs and answer some of the following questions: How is the quality of a continuing education program maintained? Are the objectives of the library/information/media programs compat- ible with those of other organizations? Who will maintain the records? Where will the records be maintained? Who will grant rec- ognition? They also wrestle with problems of guidelines, standards, and criteria. This publication becomes increasingly important as one realizes that the literature on the subject of nontraditional learning, especially in the specific area of home study, has not appeared in library journals. Thus this work becomes one of the first full-length, detailed studies on continuing education recognition units published in li- brary literature. For those skeptics who may question whether the limited issue of rec- ognition units for home study programs is a