College and Research Libraries management with management in other areas. Although Bailey notes in her introduc- tion that library activities are often difficult to compare with others, she offers little justi- fication for this view: her work draws almost exclusively on library literature. The book's final chapter discusses the characteristics of "good" management and offers a few sugges- tions for those wishing to move into middle- management positions. In summarizing the information on middle managers in academic libraries, Bailey re- ports that there is little consensus on the var- ious levels of middle management. The aver- age manager has a master's degree from an ALA-accredited library/information school, and most have worked at least five years be- fore obtaining their first middle-managerial positions. There is also general agreement, both by middle managers and top adminis- trators, that library schools are doing a poor job in teaching management and administra- tion. For those working in academic li- braries, Bailey offers no surprises or new in- formation, although this study may offer scholarly confirmation of what might other- wise be only personal or institutional percep- tions. The book contains chapter summaries, and notes and bibliographies follow most chap- ters. Brief lists of "selected journals" and "se- lected references" are included as appen- dixes, and there is an index. It is evident that the author has devoted a good deal of time to her research and the result is a descriptive study which offers no startling conclusions and few suggestions for change. Those en- gaged in research on this topic may find that this book provides good background mate- rial, but this work is not likely to appeal to a wide audience.-Elizabeth M. Salzer, Stan- ford University Libraries, Stanford, Califor- nia. The Professional Development of the Librar- ian and Information Worker. Edited by Pa- tricia Layzell Ward. Aslib Reader Series, V.3. London: Aslib, 1980. 332p. £20.50 (£17.50 to Aslib members); paper £12.50 (£10.50 to Aslib members). ISBN 0-85142- 135-0; 0-85142-136-9 paper. Readers are librarianship's way of render- ing centripetal what would otherwise be a highly centrifugal literature. They are our Recent Publications I 591 black holes, our way of concentrating at a single point those journal articles, book chap- ters, and report excerpts which are scattered across the landscape of the discipline. In the Anglo-American community of librarians, the production of readers is an addiction. The utility of the genre goes, perhaps wrongly, without question. Thus, the reviewer of a reader is reduced to making two inquiries: how well is it organized and has the editor chosen wisely? With regard to The Profes- sional Development of the Librarian and In- formation Worker, the answers to these ques- tions are, respectively, very well indeed and fair to middling. The editor, Patricia Layzell Ward of the Centre for Library and Information Man- agement at Loughborough University, sees this book as a contribution to the professional (i.e., organic) development of individual li- brarians and information workers. It is to her everlasting credit that she regards profes- sional development as extending well beyond those technical aspects of librarianship (e. g., the application of computers and telecom- munications to library operations and man- agement) which are the current obsession of continuing education in the United States. Professional development, in her view, em- braces "the formation of a personal philoso- phy concerning the role· of information, books and knowledge, and their free trans- mission in society, and this may well involve the development of a personal set of ethics." This outlook is reflected in a set of readings which consistently emphasize the human, philosophical, and ethical dimensions of the library enterprise. The sections of the reader constitute a de- ductive progression from the general to the particular concerns of librarianship. They are (1) library and/or information science, (2) research, (3) philosophy and ethics, (4) the planning of services, and (5) management (including the human side and the technical aspects thereof). This organization renders the book open to either reading seriatim or to more random consultation. It is much easier, on the other hand, to quarrel with the choice of readings, some of which evoked a distinct sense of deja vu, others an unhappy pedestri- anism. At least six of the contributions were excellent, however, and merit further com- ment. 592 I College & Research Libraries • November 1981 In his now classic "Of Librarianship, Doc- umentation and Information Science," Jesse Shera contends that both library science and information science seek to "maximize the so- cial utility of graphic records for the benefit of mankind." In this view, the librarian or information scientist is merely adjunctive to those who would define what is socially use- ful or beneficial to mankind. One must for- ever ask of this world view what a practi- tioner might appropriately do in the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and Uganda where social utility has in the past been defined by Stalin, Hitler, and Idi Amin. Nicholas Belkin and Stephen Robertson, the English authors of "Information Science and the Phenomena of Information," make a very different, but no less deductive, point. They say that information is something which changes the structure of those images of the world that we carry about in our minds. For them, information science has three related subject matters: the structure of the text or the information, the image struc- ture of the sender, and the image structure of the receiver. They assert that information sci- ence has concentrated on the structure of in- formation, that education and psychology have explored the image structure of the re- cipient of information, and that the image structure of the sender of information "re- mains virtually virgin territory." This last contention is wrong, and sadly so since it em- anates from authors with a structuralist bias. · While structuralism is now somewhat winded intellectually, the image structure of the sender has been a preoccupation of Noam Chomsky in linguistics, Claude Levi-Strauss in anthropology, Roman J akobson in literary criticism, and Gunther Stent in neurobiol- ogy, among many others. Like Belkin and Robertson, these scholars have long recog- nized that an understanding of information transfer is to be found in the holism of struc- ture rather than in the atomism of content. "An Alternative Model of a Profession for Librarians" by Gardner Hands and C. James Schmidt is a valuable exercise in demystifica- tion. In its quest of professionalism, librari- anship has mimicked, uncritically, a model derived from law and medicine. From its ex- clusion of nonscientific knowledge to its fixed judgment of the client as inferior to the pro- fessional in competence, this model empha- sizes stasis. Librarians, according to the au- thors, would do well to choose an open-systems model of professionalism that more easily accommodates change. To read Maurice Line's "On the Design of Informa- tion Systems for Human Beings" is a hum- bling experience. His essay consists of a series of seemingly everyday questions (e.g., What are the psychological and sociological factors which attract people to libraries? What ele- ments in their physical design invite people to use reference tools? Can we satisfactorily lo- cate information in a computer where the familiar spatial and visual frames of refer- ence provided by books and libraries are missing?) for which, apparently, we have no very good or complete answers. Other interesting entries are "Quasi Unions ·and Organizational Hegemony within the Library Field" by Gail Schlachter and Jeffrey Raffel's "From Economic to Po- litical Analysis of Library Decision Making." The former describes the conversion of pro- fessional organizations into quasi unions, groups with a concern for both professional norms and employee welfare. Schlachter sug- gests that the American Library Association must become a quasi union if it is to maintain the allegiance of librarians. This may yet oc- cur, but one remains haunted by the fact that the ALA, with its nonlibrarian contingent, is not a professional society and, therefore, fits only loosely the evolutionary model erected here. In the latter, Raffel argues that political analysis becomes more helpful than eco- nomic analysis in library decision making as the decision to be made becomes more criti- cal. The reason is that while costs can often be assessed, benefits, especially where innova- tive solutions are involved (e. g., the distribu- tion, free of charge, of books by libraries as opposed to the circulation of books that re- main the property of the library), cannot be easily measured. "It is impossible," suggests the author, "to compare or weigh the value of individual dignity against the loss of rare books. " Ward's reader, the third in an Aslib series, is certainly worth reading selectively. It is relatively free of errors, though, almost un- forgivably, after including "The Manage- ment Review and Analysis Program: A Sym- posium," she identifies the MRAP with the Association of College and Research Li- YOU CAN DEPEND ON BAKER 8c TAYLOR'S CONTINUATION SERVICE. YEAR AFTER YEAR. The Baker & Taylor ~ Continuation Service is designed to meet the needs of academic, pub- lic, special and school libraries. Nearly 3,400 libraries, including major research facilities, pres- ently participate in our Continuation Service . It helps save time and money- two important elements that librarians always find in short supply. COMPREHENSIVE SERVICE The Continuation Service will assist libraries with two of the most time-consuming and frus- trating aspects of acquisitions work-establishing and monitor- ing standing orders. Baker & Taylor has information on over 17,000 series. serials, and sets-in- progress. and we continue to expand the database as new titles appear. Our system allows us to give special attention to irregular publications. the most difficult to monitor. CUSTOMIZED SERVICE The Baker & Taylor Continuation Service is flexible . For example, you can change your standing order at any time . Serials can be provided on an alternate year basis. 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AFFORDABLE ASSISTANCE Our Continuation Service offers the most generous discounts available . And we include no service charges of any kind. Libraries requiring assistance from our experienced profes- sional staff to open an account. answer a claim or research a particular title may call lor quick service: 201-526-8000. ··------------------·-·-YES! Tell me more abo~~~!!~ & Taylor's Continuation ~ervice . 0 Send me your brochure which includes data on Management Reports and Customized Service Bibliographies. 0 Have a representative contact me . Name & Title Library Street City State Zip ·------···-··------------· IB&er &. Taylor lla: Book Professionals Eastern Division 50 Kirby Avenue. Sumerviiie. New Jersey 08876 Tel 20 1·722·80CXJ Southern Division Cu mmerce. Georgia 30599 Tel 404 -335·50CXJ Midwestern Division Glad1ola Aven ue. Momence. llhno1s 60954 Tel 815·472·2444 Western Division 380 Ec:II son Way , Reno. Nevada 89564 Tel 702·786·6700 594 I College & Research Libraries· November 1981 braries rather than with the Association of Research Libraries. One can envision the use of this reader in library school courses on the foundations of librarianship as well as in pro- grams of continuing education for librarians and information workers.-Dan Bergen, University of Rhode Island, Kingston. Dale, Doris C. Career Patterns of Women Li- brarians with Doctorates. Occasional Pa- pers no.147, December 1980. Urbana: University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, 1980. 28p. $3. ISSN 0073-5310. Lundy, Kathryn Renfro. Women View Li- brarianship: Nine Perspectives. ACRL Pub- lications in Librarianship no.41. Chicago: American Library Assn., 1980. 108p. $7. LC 80-23611. ISBN 0-8389-3251-7. From a scholarly point of view these two studies have so little in common that their common subject, women in librarianship, seems hardly to connect them. Doris Dale has conducted and here reports upon a question- naire survey of 300 living women librarians Articles on the Middle Sast 1947-1971 This four volume cumulation of the bibliographies from the Middle East Journal directs the user to coverage and analysis of the events leading up to the last Arab/Israeli war in '73. Nearly 1200 pages of bibliography are complemented by an author/ reviewer/main entry index consist- ing of 42,000 citations and a 9200 citation subject index. Four Volume Set: $160.00 Available on 30-day approval from: Pierian Press 5000 Washtenaw Ave. Ann Arbor, Ml 48104 with earned doctorates of whom just over 50 percent responded. In a clear narrative style she explains how the women were identified, the techniques used in conducting the study, and the numerical details of all responses to the thirty-eight-question, four-page survey instrument. I wish the questionnaire itself had been re- produced as part of this report, but Dale's table-by-table summary makes that an aca- demic rather than substantive issue. Of slightly more importance is a tone which creeps into the descriptions, especially in the latter pages when discrimination is the topic, a tone of complaint that does not seem to be justified by the data. I think we must all be aware by now that women have been discriminated against in our profession (a so-called women's profes- sion) as in other professional, business, and work areas. There is some evidence that the situation is improving, but discrimination by sex exists. Therefore, it is a surprise to dis- cover that of more than 150 women respon- dents only about one third indicated they had been discriminated against either overtly or covertly. In reporting this Dale slips a little into "over-selling" the reported discrimina- tion. Where Dale is scientific, Lundy is humani- tarian. Having interviewed, in 1978, nine fe- male leaders of the profession, she sent each a transcript and accepted their corrections. The resulting question/answer texts are pre- sented verbatim with brief-too brief- introductions outlining the careers of the women. These are great librarians: Page Acker- man, Patricia Battin, Martha Boaz, Connie Dunlap, Margaret Goggin, Virginia Lacy Jones, Annette Phinazee, Sarah Rebecca Reed, and Helen Tuttle. It is satisfying to read their considered responses to questions ranging from ideas about administration and personal career choices to developing library school curricula and advice to beginning pro- fessionals. What is not satisfying is the lack of spontaneity which should be a strength of the interview format. It was edited out, one sus- pects, when the interviewers saw their less than carefully planned verbal expressions in the cold, black light of print. Still, this is more enjoyable reading than most of our professional literature, and