College and Research Libraries Department of Archives and History, At- lanta, Georgia; University Archives, Uni- versity of Illinois; Records Center, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; John Deere and Company Archives; Nebraska State Archives; Weyerhaeuser Archives; University of Michigan, Bentley Historical Library; and many other institutions. It hardly needs to be pointed out that one does not have to be an archivist to find this Archival Fonns Manual of value. Any- one working with manuscripts will have reason to use it from time to time. It is highly recommended to special collec- tions and rare book librarians. The second item similarly will appeal to a wider audience. It is by Carolyn Hoover Sung and is titled Archives & Manuscripts: Reprography. By way of background, in 1977 the National Historical Publications and Records Commission supported SAA' s publication of five manuals dealing with archival functions. A second series, also supported by NHPRC, was begun in · 1980; this volume is the fifth of that SAA Basic Manual .Series. Carolyn Hoover Sung was assistant chief of the Photoduplication Service· at the Library of Congress when this volume was written and is an acknowledged au- thority on the subject of "reprography." She defines reprography as ''a wide vari- ety of processes whose purpose is to repli- cate documents by optical or photome- chanical means.'' The book is divided into nine chapters: (1) ''Copying in Archives,'' (2) "Choosing a Reprographic Process," (3) "Microphotography," (4) "Source Document Microfilming,'' (5) ''Using Mi- croforms," (6) "Photocopying," (7) ''Photography,'' (8) ''Managing a Repro- graphic Service," and (9) "Additional Sources.'' Clearly an authoritative work, it is rec- ommended to anyone involved in or con- cerned about the copying and reproduc- tion of manuscripts. The third item is the Report of the Task Force on Institutional Evaluation of the SAA, titled Evaluation of Archival Institu- tions: Services, Principles, and Guide to Self- Study. The Council on Library Resources' support made possible the testing and publication of this report. Briefly, the SAA Recent Publications 77 ''offers a variety of services to assist archi- val institutions in evaluating and improv- ing archival programs." This publication ''describes the constituent services of the program of institutional evaluation-data collection, self-assessment and peer re- view.'' Included is detailed information on how to conduct a comprehensive self- study, how to prepare the self-study re- port, and how to prepare for and conduct a site visit. If one wishes to do an evalua- tion of an archival operation, this publica- tion tells one how to do it. One can do nothing but admire the high quality of the materials published by SAA of which the three noted above ar.e excel- lent examples.-Clyde C. Walton, Univer- sity of Colorado, Boulder. Books and Society in History. Ed. by Ken- neth E. Carpenter .. Papers of the Associ- ation of College and Research Libraries Rare Books and Manuscripts Precon- ference, 24-28 June, 1980. New York: Bowker, 1983. 254p. $29.95. LC 82- 20565. ISBN 0-8352-1675-6. Historical studies have frequently been subject to fluctuations in fashion. During the past few decades, we have seen the rise and assimilation of such subdisci- plines as family and demographic history, psychohistory, the history of popular cul- ture, women's studies, quantitative social-scientific history, and a host of oth- ers. Some have been attacked for their imaginative or speculative leaps; others have dealt only with the quantifiable facts in a quest for scientific history. All pave provided new perspectives on our past and our psyches. In his fascinating introduction to this collection of papers from the 1980 Boston RBMS preconference, Robert Darnton places histoire du livre as the present front- runner of historical studies, "one of the few sectors in the human sciences where there is a mood of expansion and a flurry of fresh ideas." Happily, Kenneth Car- penter's volume Books and Society in His- tory provides a useful guidepost and weather vane to the diversity and direc- tions of this burgeoning discipline. One might argue with Darn ton's claim that the history of the book is likely to find a place 78 College & Research Libraries alongside history of science or history of art among scholarly disciplines, but it would be impossible to deny that the field is growing rapidly and has gained a histor- ical respectability for what was once dis- missed as mere antiquarianism. The program committee of the confer- ence and the editor of the proceedings de- serve high praise for assembling a stimu- lating and occasionally provocative collection. The essays include specialist studies such as the knotty printing history of English statutes from 1484-1640 (bril- liantly untangled by K. F. Pantzer) and a straightforward and comprehensive ac- count of English-language publishing in Germany in the eighteenth century. On the French side, there are papers by Hemi-Jean Mantin on publishing condi- tions in the ancien regime (curiously draw- ing many examples and parallels from outside the period), by Raymond Birn on censorship in France (1700-1715), and a general account by Frederic Barbier of the publishing industry in nineteenth- century France. Censorship and the de- velopment of copyright in eighteenth- century England are well treated by John P. Feather, as are the economic motiva- tions for innovation in the English and American book trade from 1819 to 1939 by James Barnes. The volume concludes with a brief survey by Paul Raabe of research opportunities for librarians in the fields of library history and history of books. To this reviewer the most provocative essay is Elizabeth Eisenstein's "From Scriptoria to Printing Shops,'' not for her account of the transition but for her specu- lative leap suggesting that the long revolu- tion might be ending in another revolu-: tion of copy centers, computers, and word processors "that very well may under- mine current notions of intellectual prop- erty rights and bring us close to the medi- eval experience of everyman serving as his own scribe" (p.40). Whither then histoire du livre? The volume includes a formal "State- ment on the History of the Book'' as en- dorsed by conference speakers and later by the Board of Directors of ACRL. Hard- pressed library administrators and other funding agencies will wistfully note the statement's plea for further support for January 1984 "basic projects as well as seminars, work- shops, and conferences on an interna- tional level." A brief review scarcely does justice to the richness of this collection (nor does the lack of an index). What comes across as most important is the growing interde- pendence of historian, bibliographer, so- ciologist, librarian, and literary scholar. To risk an outrageous generalization, one could say that the bibliographer's and cat- aloger's job is to find the right pigeonhole for a book or other publication; the scholar's job is to take it out of that pigeon- hole and put it in a new perspective or re- lationship. Obviously, the work is com- plementary and overlapping, but there remains a gap to be bridged-the bibliog- rapher's work has to be presented in ways more accessible and engaging to the histo- rian, while the historians could profit from a greater awareness of the contributions that bibliographers and historians of the book can make to their own work. Bibliog- raphy and histoire du livre are not ends in themselves, but avenues to greater histor- ical awareness, avenues that Carpenter's volume has helped pave.-David H. Starn, The New York Public Library. Sager, Donald J. Participatory Management in Libraries. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow, 1982. 216p. $14.50 cloth . LC 82-783. ISBN 0-8108-1530-3. The purpose of this book is to ''review some of the common problems that both the supervisor and the employee face, from the perspective of a practicing library director, and demonstrate how participa- tory management might contribute as an alternative management background." Sager, who has extensive practical experi- ence in public library administration, is careful to note that this approach to man- agement is only one alternative among many and is not for all libraries, librarians, or situations. However, by following his suggestions and illustrations carefully, one can get a good picture of what does and doesn't work in various situations. The book could be used as a guide to edu- cate management and staff in their partici- pative management roles and also makes good use of case studies to illustrate points. The studies and their solutions l