College and Research Libraries 378 College & Research Libraries Several themes are repeated and woven throughout: the fundamental impor- tance of an ongoing, aggressive needs- assessment program; value-added serv- ices that librarians can offer; new part- nerships and alliances outside of the library that benefit the user; a user-cen- tered emphasis; and great expecations for new and innovative service models. Rettig summarizes the trends emerging as the old paradigms begin to crack: tiered service structures; floating refer- ence librarians; going out to users; and user studies. The authors discuss in de- tail reference models in place at Bran- deis, Johns Hopkins, University of Iowa, Vrrginia Tech, and the University of Ari- zona. Each model presents a slightly dif- ferent framework, but all are predicated on multifaceted reference and informa- tion services in which the traditional ref- erence desk is but one component, if it continues to exist at all. Part I concludes by reproducing the results from "brain- storming" sessions, outlining how the momentum of the institutes is being sus- tained, and offering views-in-progress concerning the evolving future of bibli- ographic instruction. In Part II, institute organizers Upow and Lou Wetherbee reproduce institute planning documents, including program principles, tips for replicating the institute, and major costs. Anyone wishing to recre- ate the institute at one's local library, as a consortia! continuing education oppor- tunity, or for a library school class would do well to consult this section. ~Part III is comprised of useful appen- dices that support and extend the value of the proceedings. These include exam- ples of homework contributions from Berkeley and Duke, an excellent bibliog- raphy, a twenty-first-century job de- scription, a summary of reorganization efforts in reference deparbnents across the country, and a year 2010 draft plan for the Duke University Libraries. Rethinking Reference ties together many threads of discontent with current models of reference service found in the literature, at conferences, in electronic discussion groups, and at each of our own institutions. The excitement and in- July 1994 terest generated by the institute are pre- served by Lipow and associates in this well-crafted publication. The text is in- terspersed with highlight boxes and bul- leted thoughts, making it enjoyable and fruitful to browse or read cover to cover. This book both engages the reader in a thoughtful examination of critical is- sues and suggests avenues and strate- gies for action. For reference managers, the publication offers a structure for cus- tomizing their own home-grown institute. Library administrators can build on the authors' wisdom and the institute's con- ceptual framework to initiate a far-rang- ing dialogue on current and future service· models. Lipow and her colleagues have positively influenced and advanced ref- erence service with this important pub- lication.-Lizabeth A. Wilson, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. SHORT NOTICES Leipziger Jahrbuch zur Buchgeschichte. Ed. Mark Lehmstedt and Lothar Po- ethe. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Ver- lag, 1991- . Approx. $55/yr. (ISSN 0940-1954). The city most closely associated with German publishing and the German book trade from the eighteenth century through World War II, Leipzig, is now trying to reclaim its identity and assert its role in a radically redefined political and economic environment. The estab- lishment of this yearbook devoted to the history of the book, begun shortly after the fall of the Wall and now with three issues published, is a part of this effort. It is clearly also a manifestation of recent scholarly interest, until now most closely associated with France, in the book as a critical site of cultural history. The focus of the Yearbook tends· to be German, though it aims for a wider reach, and only the occasional piece is in a language other than German. Follow- ing a consistent format, it includes four sections: articles-roughly ten per is- sue-addressing topics such as Rous- seau's ideas concerning literary property as revealed in his correspondence with his publisher Marc-Michel Rey, a history of the early Brockhaus enyclopedia, Ger- man bookdealers in Paris from 1870 to 1914 as a moment in German-French cul- tural relations, publishers in Potsdam during the Weimar Republic; historic sources and documents; reports and no- tices (e.g., an overview of the publishing history of French Quebec; a description of the Institut Memoires de !'Edition Contemporaine in Paris; synopses of col- loquia and conferences); and finally a section of book reviews. Fruge, August. A Skeptic among Scholars: August Fruge on University Publishing. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Pr., 1993. (ISBN 0-520-07733-4, 0-520- 08426-8). Trained as a librarian, Fruge came to the University of California Press in 1944 and, after becoming its director in 1949, guided it for almost three decades through a period in which university press publishing, as well as the particular institution with which he was associated, grew and changed beyond recognition. This is a very personal, curmudgeonly, and rather rambling account. In addition to revisiting old skirmishes, he chronicles the UC Press' incursions into new fields (LatinAmericanstudies,filmstudies), ad- ventures in best-sellerdom (Theodora Kroeber's Ishi, Carlos Castaneda's The Teachings of Don Juan), and he describes the development of landmark projects such as the Samuel Pepys and Mark Twain editions, always giving a good sense of the complex juggling of admin- istrative, financial, and editorial issues. Taking a swipe at his erstwhile col- leagues, he suggests that declining sales to libraries might be explained not only by serials costs but also by the drifting of funds to staff salaries and "librarians' infatuation with electronics." Global Networks: Computers and Inter- national Communication. Ed. Unda M. Harasim. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1993. 411p. (ISBN 0-262-08222-5). An extraordinary fusion of computers and telecommunications has created a worldwide web of computer networks known as the Internet. Initially intended to transfer data, its major use is now Book Reviews 379 human communication. This book ex- amines the social space created by com- puter-mediated communications. It con- sists of twenty-one essays analyzing the social, educational, political, and work- related aspects of global networking. The editor has made a serious effort to be global-there are contributions from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Australia. The underlying metaphor structuring the es- says is that computer networks are not merely tools we use to communicate but they have also come to be experienced as places where we work and play. The book attempts to understand the cultural im- plications of this cyberspace. Gateways, Gatekeeper, and Roles in the Information Omniverse: Proceedings of the Third Symposium. Ed. Ann Ok- erson and Dru Mogge. Washington, D.C.: Association of Research Librar- ies, 1994, 184p. $20. (ISBN 0-918006- 73-2). The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) together with the Association of American University Presses (AAUP) have sponsored an annual series of sym- posia in Washington, D.C. on electronic publishing. This series is rapidly becom- ing an important forum where the various stakeholders in scholarly communica- tions-faculty, librarians, university press and learned/ professional society publish- ers-can meet to exchange information and ideas. The emphasis is on issues involved with formal scholarly elec- tronic publishing and the implicit as- sumption is that progress in this area can best be accomplished without the intru- sion of commercial for-profit publishers. These published proceedings present a large number of short papers that can serve as a good overview of many of the most interesting current projects and preoccupations of the major players. Perhaps one sign of the maturing of this publishing medium is the increasing number of presentations on the issues of financing, copyright, and licensing. Scientific Information Study: Submitted to the Council on Library Resources. New York: Columbia Univ. Pr., 1993.60, [52] 380 College &t Research Libraries p. $25. Available from the following e- mail address: mk202@columbia.edu. The word scientific in the title of this use and user survey at Columbia Uni- versity refers to the academic disci- plines that it studies: biology, physics and electrical engineering. It is a well- documented report on the results of a 1991 survey supported by a grant from the Council on Library Resources. It includes a summary, an overview of the survey, studies and site visits, and a section on implications for the Colum- bia University libraries. A series of thir- teen appendices that document the July 1994 methodologies used and statistical data generated close the volume. A great deal of the material in this study will be familiar ground to most students of user surveys. Sections such as the "In- formation Needs Survey of Faculty, Graduate Students and Research Staff," "Citation Studies," "Access v. Ownership," and "Periodical Inflation Study" are standard fare for this type of survey. Nonetheless the report will be useful for science and technology li- brarians seeking to design similar sur- veys for evaluating their own local needs and user behavior.