reviews 100 College & Research Libraries January 1997 forth by the Smithsonian study (Ellen McCrady, “Temperature and RH Guide- lines Challenged by Smithsonian,” Ab- bey Newsletter 18:44, 1994). The assignment of precise years of life for a given set of environmental readings could be easily misread or mis- understood. One cannot state that a book housed consistently in an area of 72 degrees Fahrenheit with an RH of 50 percent will have a useful life of thirty-three years, even though this is the PI value given for these readings on the chart. The authors correctly point out that PI is “general” and “is not meant as a predictor of the useful life of any object.” Would an administrator or casual listener at a presentation catch this qualification? The temptation exists to hold these PI and TWPI values in years as absolutes. There are some other very impor- tant qualifications described in New Tools regarding the PI values. These values are assessed only for “short-lived” ma- terials such as acidic paper and acetate film, although as noted, alkaline paper would benefit from improved condi- tions. Further, the value is determined by chemical deterioration alone. Even though the study is concerned with en- vironmental conditions, mold growth and vermin infestation are not consid- ered here. Certainly there are other preservationists who would cringe at the finding that, according to the TWPI, storage in a basement is better than storage in a closet. Finally, although the values “assume” that all organic mate- rial deteriorates at the same rate, the authors state that this “assumption is . . . not strictly true.” The National Endowment for the Hu- manities has awarded IPI a grant to test these new concepts of PI and TWPI us- ing the PEM. I look forward to seeing the results and to learning which insti- tutions were chosen to take part in the research. As presented in New Tools, the process would best serve larger insti- tutions where the commitment already exists to maintain a strong, influential, and permanent preservation program. Smaller institutions may want to stay with the simpler, thermometer/ hygrom- eter method to monitor and record stor- age conditions.—James W. Mason, San Francisco. Remer, Rosalind. Printers and Men of Capi- tal: Philadelphia Book Publishers in the New Republic. Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylvania Pr., 1996. 210p. $34.95, alk. paper. (ISBN 0-8122- 3337-9.) LC 95-51384. This succinct, but thorough study ex- plores the economics of the production, marketing, and distribution of books (not newspapers, periodicals, or job printing) in the United States from the 1790s to about 1830. Using Philadelphia as a case study, the author focuses on the people producing books during this period and their transformation from low-risk print- ers to entrepreneurial publishers (e.g., Mathew Carey). The book trade in Phila- delphia, the republic’s capitol during the 1790s, is known for its variety of output during the 18th century, and abundant specific evidence survives in the form of correspondence, account books, city directories, and the books themselves. All too often, we do not stop to exam- ine how and why a book was produced. Remer explores the process at a time of transition from reliance on the trade overseas to self-sufficiency, from the general to the specialized, from crafts- man to middle-class merchant, from lo- cal to broader markets—and before rail- roads and banks. She discusses finan- cial risks, patronage and politics, choice of texts, the decline of journeymen, competition and cooperation, wholesal- ing, credit and bankruptcy, exchange and commission, sources of type and paper, relationships with binders, how accounts were kept, development of new markets, preachers and peddlers as distributors in the back country, and Book Reviews 101 adoption of new technologies such as stereotyping. She also addresses rel- evant contextual issues such as the country’s economy, the growth of na- tionalism, and the opening of the West. Although Remer, Assistant Professor of History at Moravian College, devel- oped this study from her UCLA Ph.D. dissertation, it bears none of the marks of the unreworked dissertation. Rather, it is well written and organized, and ex- cellently documented—with thirty pages of useful footnotes plus a sepa- rate full bibliography (too often lacking in current scholarly monographs); and includes six well-chosen illustrations and an index. She makes full use of recent studies in the history of the book, the North American Imprints Program da- tabase at the American Antiquarian Society, and the many original records in Philadelphia and elsewhere. Although at first glance Remer’s sub- ject may appear narrow, its inclusion in Penn’s Early American Studies series sig- nifies that knowing how books were made available in the new republic leads to a deeper understanding of its culture. Her work offers academic librarians an opportunity to compare similarities in the emergence of print culture in the United States with the emergence of electronic culture two centuries later. She clarifies the difference between the mechanical activity of printing and the intellectual and economic process of publishing, sometimes confused even by librarians. Collection developers are offered evidence about “American” edi- tions (often abridged, updated, or supplemented) of works from England and the continent, and about the kinds of unassuming best-sellers that today’s scholars recognize as primary sources for study. Local history curators will find answers here to often puzzling ques- tions about local and regional imprints (varying publishing statements, print- ers in other locales, why bindings dif- fer). In short, Remer provides a wel- come contribution to our understand- ing of the dissemination of information and ideas.—Elizabeth Swaim,Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut. Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous People and Intellectual Property Rights. Eds. Stephen B. Brush and Doreen Stab- insky. Washington, D.C.: Island Pr., 1996. 337p. $50 cloth (ISBN 1- 55963-378-6); $30 paper (ISBN 1- 55963-379-4). LC 95-38484. How are intellectual property rights, in- digenous knowledge, and biological di- versity related, both philosophically and economically? This collection of essays, developed from a conference at Lake Tahoe in 1993 on intellectual property rights and indigenous knowledge, pro- vides an excellent entree into the breadth and complexities of the issues surrounding these ideas. For those of us overwhelmed with the extension of copyright issues into the electronic realm, this volume will help to put that part of the problem into proper perspec- tive as these authors deal with issues raised by collective rather than indi- vidual knowledge. The immediate background to this volume is the United Nations Conven- tion on Biological Diversity which was signed with much fanfare at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 (not by the United States, which waited until Earth Day) to take effect in Decem- ber 1993. Implementation, however, was left to individual nations and courts of international law. A potentially incom- patible agreement, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, was signed in Decem- ber 1993 in Uruguay at the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT) talks. The Society for Applied An- thropology, a section of the American Anthropological Association, organized the Lake Tahoe conference, which was sponsored by the Ethics and Values Studies Program of the National Science << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles true /AutoRotatePages /All /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning /CompatibilityLevel 1.3 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.0000 /ColorConversionStrategy /CMYK /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams false /MaxSubsetPct 1 /Optimize true /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness false /PreserveHalftoneInfo true /PreserveOPIComments false /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts false /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile () /AlwaysEmbed [ true ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages false /ColorImageMinResolution 151 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages false /GrayImageMinResolution 151 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages false /MonoImageMinResolution 600 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.16667 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False /CreateJDFFile false /Description << /ENU (IPC Print Services, Inc. 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