reviews Book Reviews 101 adoption of new technologies such as stereotyping. She also addresses rel- evant contextual issues such as the country’s economy, the growth of na- tionalism, and the opening of the West. Although Remer, Assistant Professor of History at Moravian College, devel- oped this study from her UCLA Ph.D. dissertation, it bears none of the marks of the unreworked dissertation. Rather, it is well written and organized, and ex- cellently documented—with thirty pages of useful footnotes plus a sepa- rate full bibliography (too often lacking in current scholarly monographs); and includes six well-chosen illustrations and an index. She makes full use of recent studies in the history of the book, the North American Imprints Program da- tabase at the American Antiquarian Society, and the many original records in Philadelphia and elsewhere. Although at first glance Remer’s sub- ject may appear narrow, its inclusion in Penn’s Early American Studies series sig- nifies that knowing how books were made available in the new republic leads to a deeper understanding of its culture. Her work offers academic librarians an opportunity to compare similarities in the emergence of print culture in the United States with the emergence of electronic culture two centuries later. She clarifies the difference between the mechanical activity of printing and the intellectual and economic process of publishing, sometimes confused even by librarians. Collection developers are offered evidence about “American” edi- tions (often abridged, updated, or supplemented) of works from England and the continent, and about the kinds of unassuming best-sellers that today’s scholars recognize as primary sources for study. Local history curators will find answers here to often puzzling ques- tions about local and regional imprints (varying publishing statements, print- ers in other locales, why bindings dif- fer). In short, Remer provides a wel- come contribution to our understand- ing of the dissemination of information and ideas.—Elizabeth Swaim,Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut. Valuing Local Knowledge: Indigenous People and Intellectual Property Rights. Eds. Stephen B. Brush and Doreen Stab- insky. Washington, D.C.: Island Pr., 1996. 337p. $50 cloth (ISBN 1- 55963-378-6); $30 paper (ISBN 1- 55963-379-4). LC 95-38484. How are intellectual property rights, in- digenous knowledge, and biological di- versity related, both philosophically and economically? This collection of essays, developed from a conference at Lake Tahoe in 1993 on intellectual property rights and indigenous knowledge, pro- vides an excellent entree into the breadth and complexities of the issues surrounding these ideas. For those of us overwhelmed with the extension of copyright issues into the electronic realm, this volume will help to put that part of the problem into proper perspec- tive as these authors deal with issues raised by collective rather than indi- vidual knowledge. The immediate background to this volume is the United Nations Conven- tion on Biological Diversity which was signed with much fanfare at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 (not by the United States, which waited until Earth Day) to take effect in Decem- ber 1993. Implementation, however, was left to individual nations and courts of international law. A potentially incom- patible agreement, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, was signed in Decem- ber 1993 in Uruguay at the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT) talks. The Society for Applied An- thropology, a section of the American Anthropological Association, organized the Lake Tahoe conference, which was sponsored by the Ethics and Values Studies Program of the National Science 102 College & Research Libraries January 1997 Foundation and held in October 1993. The resulting fifteen papers by a broad cross section of involved play- ers, from academicians to entrepre- neurs to governmental representa- tives, have been organized into three parts preceded by an introductory chap- ter, “Whose Knowledge, Whose Genes, Whose Rights,” which sets the tone and defines the terms. Part I, “Equity and Indigenous Rights,” includes six chap- ters that explore the varied philosophi- cal issues concerning the possible ex- tension of the Western/Northern con- cept of intellectual property rights to knowledge of biological resources. In Part II, “Conservation, Knowledge, Property,” the authors address ongo- ing efforts by specific, primarily private, organizations (e.g., Shaman Pharma- ceuticals Inc., Native Seeds/SEARCH) to implement the spirit of the Biodiversity Convention; five excellent case studies from different parts of the world are presented. The volume con- cludes with three chapters on “Policy Options and Alternatives,” which ad- dress specific legal avenues that are be- ing pursued by such entities as the Na- tional Cancer Institute and the Interna- tional Cooperative Biodiversity Groups Program (funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health), the U.S. National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Agency for International Development. This very valuable collection of pa- pers serves to broaden the discussion of intellectual property rights to a truly international level and to place it firmly within the framework of the growing in- digenous rights movement. These dis- cussions bring a very useful interna- tional perspective to the issues of copy- right and patent as we encounter them in our electronic information world, which is primarily Western and North- ern in outlook and tradition—Joan Berman, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California. Wiegand, Wayne A. Irrepressible Reformer: A Biography of Melvil Dewey. Chicago: ALA, 1996. 403p. $35. (ISBN 0-8389-0680-X.) This volume accords Dewey the biog- raphy he deserves—grounded on thor- ough research, clearly written, critical though appreciative, and enlightened by a sound sense of the cultural issues involved in its subject’s career. It will interest students of not only library his- tory but also general cultural develop- ments at the end of the nineteenth cen- tury. Americans concerned with books then confronted enormous problems. They somehow had to arrange system- atically the rapidly rising tide of volumes printed in the United States and abroad, and also make them accessible to a vastly expanding number of readers and borrowers. Whatever its other vir- tues, the Library of Congress did not function as a national library, and state, town, and municipal institutions each coped with the general difficulties by fol- lowing its own eccentric fashion. The most prestigious collections were private, assembled as at Harvard for instructional purposes or gathered as an avocation by one or several gentlemen—the Redwood at Newport, the Atheneum in Boston, or the Astor, ACRL 29, 55, 95 ARL 18 BIOSIS 68 Blackwell 58 EBSCO cover 2 Hoover Press 5 McGraw-Hill cover 3 Minolta 56-57 OCLC Online Computer 2, 96 PAIS 1 Todd Enterprises cover 4 H. W. 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