reviews 380 College & Research Libraries July 2002 decades preceding 1510, the storage and marketing of books profoundly affected the history of the title page. “They drove its growth: first providing the opportu- nity, and then developing the features borrowed from elsewhere in the book, from modest pieces of information, to ef- fective enticements to buy the book.” Painstakingly thorough and cogently argued, The Title-Page is focused narrowly, perhaps too narrowly for the casual reader. For the specialist, however, it is instructive and engrossing. A significant addition to the literature of the history of the book, it superbly exemplifies the sort of data to be mined from the careful ex- amination, comparison, and analysis of a quantity of books as physical objects. Ex- tensively illustrated with title pages from the holdings of the British Library and supplemented by a detailed glossary, a bibliography, concordances, and indexes, this excellent publication deserves consid- eration for all collections that include the history of the book or of graphic design.— Florence M. Jumonville, University of New Orleans. Folk Heritage Collections in Crisis. Washington, D.C.: Council on Library and Information Resources, 2001. 63p. $15 (ISBN 1887334823). At the heart of the crisis is the deteriora- tion and terminal neglect of local docu- mentary sound collections and profes- sional audio archives. In December 2000, at the Library of Congress, the American Folklore Society (AFS) and the American Folklife Center collaborated with a select group of experts to formulate recommen- dations for the access, preservation, and rights management of America’s folk heri- tage sound collections and to propose “a strategy for addressing this crisis in a col- laborative way.” Major supporters of this conference were the Council on Library and Information Resources, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Humanities. The three commissioned contributions were those in which ethnomusicologist Virginia Danielson addressed access; au- dio engineer Elizabeth Cohen, preserva- tion; and ethnomusicologist Anthony Seeger, intellectual property rights. The papers, which comprise the major portion of this report, were sent to participants in advance of the conference to facilitate in- formed discussion. Prior to the confer- ence, major folklore repositories and se- lected AFS members were surveyed con- cerning the audio materials in their col- lections; Appendix II is a summary of the survey results. A final discussion and rec- ommendations conclude this report. Appendix I lists the names of the invited participants. Among them are engineers, preservation experts, lawyers, librarians, archivists, community folklorists, and fac- ulty whose conversations led to the cross- fertilization of ideas needed to find new approaches to these old problems. In her talk, Virginia Danielson re- sponds to many suggestions made by John Suter in his remarks about her pa- per, “Stating the Obvious: Lessons Learned Attempting Access to Archival Audio Collections.” Suter had suggested that we accession important collections, process collections for accessibility in- house, describe collections online with collection-level records in MARC or other standard formats, produce finding aids on the Web, and make archival collections available on the Web. Danielson points out that some collections require special- ized subject and language skills to pre- pare even the most rudimentary inven- tories; that skilled catalogers will be needed; that knowledge of mark-up lan- guage is required for electronic documen- tation; that special skills and equipment are necessary for audio digitization; and that metadata systems need to be devel- oped and used to accomplish these tasks. Also, the stability of these library re- sources, durability of the technologies and products created, and issues of obso- lescence must not be ignored. Danielson describes a 1999 project, “Music from the Archives,” which she offered as a starting point for a discus- sion on access. As part of that discussion, she suggested that encoded archival de- Book Reviews 381 Index to advertisers Academic Press 333 AIAA 299, 341 American Chemical cover 4 Annual Reviews 303 Biosis 300 CHOICE 366 Elsevier cover 2 Haworth Press 353 Library Technologies cover 3 Modern Language Assoc. 322–323 scription (EAD) is inadequate for describ- ing folklore materials and that we need to develop a new document-type defini- tion for sound recordings. Another con- cern for the folklore community is that no controlled vocabulary exists to permit reasonable subject access or the use of networked search and retrieval protocols. In her remarks on “Preservation of Au- dio,” Elizabeth Cohen declares that “dis- tribution is the key to preserving audio folklore collections in the twenty-first cen- tury…. In the networked world, collections may be located in a thousand places.” Both technophobia and politics hamper progress in the migration of collections from the analog to the digital domain. She presents a compelling case for data migra- tion as the “only intelligent policy” and advises the archival community to look to the data storage industry and to pay at- tention to research and development ef- forts across a variety of disciplines for the purpose of discovering new solutions and for formulating their own preservation strategies. A significant portion of her pre- sentation is devoted to current and emerg- ing technologies in data storage media. Issues surrounding rights management are clarified by Anthony Seeger in his pa- per, “Intellectual Property and Audiovi- sual Archives and Collections.” Intellectual property issues are not only legal (what people can do), but also ethical (what people should do). In consideration of the legal and ethical issues and in the interest of preservation and access, archives should review their contracts, reexamine guide- lines for evaluating proposals for use of archival materials, help researchers obtain the access they need, and help artists and communities learn about their rights. To explain why collections of commercial re- cordings and collections of unpublished recordings require different approaches, Seeger traces specific cultural biases in copyright legislation to their origins in the Enlightenment. In a brief discussion of archives and the internet, Seeger states that the tech- nology is far ahead of the archives’ abil- ity to use it, primarily because archives do not have the rights to distribute mate- rials digitally. He urges “institutions in custody of traditional materials to peri- odically conduct a systematic review of how they manage their access and use rights” and to renegotiate outdated agree- ments that do not address new media rights. The concluding discussion and recom- mendations call for continued collabora- tion and the formation of interdiscipli- nary committees and advocacy groups within the folk heritage community. The consensus affirmed, among other things, the need to “develop best practices guide- lines and standards; to develop better education and training opportunities for all community members; to develop part- nerships among the technology, corporate and entertainment sectors; to extend the reach of expertise and resources to re- gional and local levels; and to establish regional centers for preservation and dis- tributed access when appropriate.” Twenty-seven specific recommendations conclude the report.—Rashidah Z. Hakeem, University of Mississippi. The Power of Language/El poder de la palabra: Selected Papers from the Sec- ond REFORMA National Conference, ed. Lillian Castillo-Speed and the REFORMA National Conference Pub- lications Committee. Englewood, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 2001. 225p. $35 (ISBN 1563089459). LC 2001-38430. 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