reviews 88 College & Research Libraries January 2003 groups? Have we in the profession been giving lip service to the idea of diversity in our ranks? Are we as a profession truly ready for a diverse workforce? For those who are confused about what can be done to increase diversity in our ranks, Diver- sity Now not only provides a great start- ing point for serious discussion of this critical topic, but also serves as a useful springboard for action and change.—Kelly Rhodes, Appalachian State University. Graham, Patterson Toby. A Right to Read: Segregation and Civil Rights in Alabama’s Public Libraries, 1900–1965. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Univ. of Alabama Pr., 2002. 191p. $37.50 (ISBN 0817311440). LC 2001- 5918. In the December 1960 issue of Library Jour- nal, newly appointed editor Eric Moon wrote his infamous editorial, “The Silent Subject,” in which he complained that the library profession, specifically the ALA, had generally ignored the racial segrega- tion of public libraries in the South. Pub- lished forty-two years after Moon’s edito- rial, Patterson Toby Graham’s A Right to Read is the first book to examine public li- brary segregation in Alabama from its ori- gins in the late nineteenth-century U. S. Supreme Court ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson, which proclaimed the legality of “separate but equal,” public institutions for whites and blacks, through the eventual passage of landmark civil rights legislation in 1964. Based on the records of library boards of the public libraries studied and on sec- ondary sources addressing race relations and social responsibility in librarianship, Graham’s book is divided into five chro- nological topics: the early years of public library development, 1918 to 1931; the Great Depression years, the 1930s; the Black Public Library Movement, 1941 to 1954; the Read-in Movement, 1960 to 1963; and librarians and the Civil Rights Move- ment, 1955 to 1965. The early years of public library devel- opment in Alabama were characterized by the gradual establishment of separate, but “equal,” African American public li- brary branches. In 1918, the first public library branch for African Americans, the Booker T. Washington Branch Library, was established in Birmingham. Thirteen years later in 1931, the Davis Avenue Branch Library in Mobile opened. Gra- ham describes the ambivalence that mod- erate, white library board members felt with regard to race during this early pe- riod: African American branches served as tangible evidence that some white li- brary supporters desired social improve- ment for blacks as long as they did not challenge white supremacy and were not too expensive Although the Great Depression was a period of expansion of the public library movement in the South, and particularly in Alabama, the benefits of expanded li- brary service did not touch the lives of many African Americans. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) allowed a “grass-roots” policy for decision making, ensuring discrimination against hiring black workers. Despite the qualified suc- cess of the Julius Rosenwald Fund in es- tablishing library service for black mine workers in Walker County, and the enlight- ened collaboration of the National Youth Administration (NYA) and the industrial leadership of the American Cast Iron Pipe Company (Acipco), which led to the es- tablishment of the Slossfield Branch of the Birmingham Public Library in 1940, Gra- ham characterizes the 1930s as a decade full of missed and only partially realized opportunities in the provision of library service to African Americans. The Black Public Library Movement in Huntsville, Montgomery, and Birming- ham in the 1940s and 1950s was the work of black civic and religious leaders, edu- cators, businesspeople, and librarians, notably Dulcina DeBerry, for whom the black branch of the Huntsville Public Li- brary was named in 1941, and Bertha Pleasant Williams, who helped to estab- lish the Union Street Branch Library in Montgomery in 1948. The Read-in Movement was a focal point of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and early 1960s. Southern blacks Book Reviews 89 adopted the sit-in demonstration as a tool for creating awareness of discrimination in libraries. Eventually, they took their cases directly to the U. S. District Courts. To avoid costly lawsuits, white library boards in Mobile, in 1961, and Huntsville, in 1962, quietly integrated their libraries. In Montgomery, library integration came in 1962 after a series of sit-ins and court action, and despite Ku Klux Klan resis- tance. Birmingham integrated its librar- ies in 1963 following a lawsuit and a stu- dent protest demonstration. Mob vio- lence, in which two black ministers were seriously beaten and injured, accompa- nied the integration of the public library in Anniston in 1963. During the turbulent years of the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama, three white public librarians—Juliette Morgan, Emily Wheelock Reed, and Patricia Blalock—were at the center of the tumult. For her support of integration and the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Morgan, a ref- erence librarian at the Montgomery Pub- lic Library, paid the ultimate price of tak- ing her own life in response to the extreme harassment she suffered at the hands of segregationists and the local library board. Reed, director of the Public Library Service Division of Alabama’s state li- brary agency, fought not only for the in- tegration of Alabama’s public libraries, but also for freedom of speech in the no- torious censorship case involving Garth Williams’s children’s book, The Rabbits’ Wedding, about a black male rabbit and a white female rabbit marrying and living happily ever after. Even the ALA’s Intel- lectual Freedom Committee failed to sup- port Reed during the censorship contro- versy, which ended with Reed’s vindica- tion, but also her decision to leave Ala- bama. Blalock, of the Selma Public Li- brary, demonstrated to the white library board the ultimate power of voluntary social change—change that spared Selma the demonstrations, “outside” agitators, and lawsuits. Although Alabama’s public libraries were integrated by 1963, it took another two years before the Alabama Library Association was integrated and thus wel- comed back into the fold of the ALA. Appallingly, the ALA neither exercised leadership nor provided support, finan- cial or moral, for Alabama’s public librar- ies during the tense and isolated years of segregation. Patterson Toby Graham’s A Right to Read is meticulously researched, docu- mented, and indexed. His evenhanded treatment of a particularly sensitive issue, rather than being an indictment of south- ern librarians or American librarianship, is a reminder that some Americans were committed to the lofty ideals of freedom and equality long before those enduring values were reflected in national prac- tice.—Plummer Alston Jones, Jr., East Caro- lina University. Hauptman, Robert. Ethics and Librarianship. Foreword by Peter Hernon. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland, 2002. 151p. alk. paper $35 (ISBN 0786413069). LC 2002-131. Ethical issues in librarianship have re- ceived considerable attention in the past two decades. Several major conferences have been devoted to the topic, each with increased numbers of participants and attendees. A number of journal articles and conference papers have been pro- duced on the topic, but few good mono- graphs have been published. Publication of Robert Hauptman’s new book, Ethics and Librarianship, is therefore quite timely. Author of Ethical Challenges in Librarianship (Oryx 1988), Hauptman con- tinues the discussion of the treatment of ethical issues in librarianship introduced in his earlier book. The first chapter serves as an introduc- tion providing an overview of libraries, information, and ethics and highlighting the urgent need for the information pro- fession to address ethical issues. These in- clude the issues of privacy, intellectual property, fair use, intellectual freedom, confidentiality, and many more. 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