reviews.indd the subject. It can be used as a stand-alone manual to create a database of cultural ob- jects. Although it is not intended for system designers, it is so thorough and explains the issues of the relationships between, for ex- ample, a work and its creator, so well, that it can be used as the basis for designing a database of metadata about objects. It is especially useful for noncatalogers, in that it covers each element of a meta- data record clearly and explains not only what should be present in the record, but why. The manual is not prescriptive. It al- lows the individual institution to decide at which level they need to catalog an item, but it offers clear guidelines on minimal cataloging requirements. It also seeks to establish a basic uniformity, especially in the use of thesauri, so that the exchange of information across institutions is made easier. Finally, at the end of each chapter there are complete examples of cataloged cultural objects. The examples do not just include the element covered in the chap- ter, but instead include the entire record. This helps to put each element in context. Likewise, the corresponding authority records are also included in the examples. Again, these are very helpful in lett ing the cataloger understand and appreciate the concepts behind the metadata he or she is encoding. In summary, the book is helpful for the cataloger who is faced with cataloging one object, but it is not a manual based on AACR2/MARC. So, unlike Nancy B. Olson’s Cataloging of Audiovisual Materials and Other Special Materials (1998), it is not going to relate every rule to AACR2 or present the examples in the MARC for- mat. However, that was not the authors’ intent. The intent of the guide is actually much broader, and the authors have come up with a guide that is extremely well thought out, forward-thinking, and very clearly presented. It is an enormous asset for any institution contemplating catalog- ing a set of cultural objects, especially if they do not have a metadata structure in place yet.—Isabel del Carmen Quintana, Harvard University. Book Reviews 365 Libraries & Culture: Historical Essays Honoring the Legacy of Donald G. Davis, Jr. Eds. Cheryl Knott Malone, Hermina G.B. Anghelescu, and John Mark Tucker. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress Center for the Book, 2006. 294p. alk. paper, $25 (ISBN 0844411558). LC 2006-18763. As a tribute to an admired and beloved person’s career, the festschrift lends a warm, personal touch to the chilly world of scholarly publishing. The individual contributions are heterogeneous, to be sure, but no more so than those in most other edited collections. Libraries & Cul- ture: Historical Essays Honoring the Legacy of Donald G. Davis, Jr., is a good example of the genre. Originally published as a spe- cial issue of the journal Libraries & Culture (v. 40, no. 3, summer 2005), it is now being offered in book form by the Center for the Book at the Library of Congress. Colleagues and former students offer personal reminiscences in glowing praise of Davis’s activities as professor at the Uni- versity of Texas at Austin, editor of Libraries & Culture, and leader in IFLA, the Library History Round Table, and the Conference on Faith and History. Also included are a bibliography of Davis’s works and an essay by John Mark Tucker, “Fides et Historia: Christian Sources for the Profes- sional Contributions of Donald G. Davis, Jr.” In this unusual piece, Tucker attempts to interpret the intellectual and religious underpinnings of another person’s life, based on Davis’s own extensive writings about his Christian faith and the practice of librarianship as a life of service. Davis’s lifelong interest in library his- tory is the focus of the remainder of the collection, beginning with articles on Library History and Education Research that assess the current state of the field. The pioneering contributions of Davis’s generation of advocates for library history may be taken for granted today. But, as Edward A. Goedeken shows in his survey of literature reviews published in the Journal of Library History/Libraries & Cul- ture from 1967 to 2002, the groundwork 366 College & Research Libraries had to be laid by establishing research tools for the field. Later there was a shift from institutional histories to more con- troversial social histories delving into issues of race, class, and gender. Even more recently, the fashion for the history of books and reading has lured scholars from other disciplines into the territory of library history. These achievements are now in jeop- ardy, according to Christine Pawley (“History in the Library and Information Science Curriculum: Outline of a Debate”) because of lack of funding, competition within a crowded curriculum, and scar- city of qualified teaching faculty. The findings of Andrew B. Wertheimer’s bib- liometric study are even more dispiriting; he found that the core journal was rarely cited even in articles it contained. Several scholarly articles illuminate side roads in the history of American libraries and readers. Joanne E. Passet’s “Reading Hilda’s Home” is a study of let- ters to the editor of Lucifer magazine about an 1896 utopian novel that was scorned by schoolteachers, clergy, and librarians. “Changing the Geography of Reading in a Southern Border State: The Rosenwald Fund and the WPA in Oklahoma,” by Louise S. Robbins, describes a program that reduced unequal access to reading materials. David M. Hovde and John W. Fritch describe a real slice of Americana in the Farmer’s Institute and Western Union Library, Quaker reform institutions in nineteenth-century Indiana. Along the same lines as these case studies is the contribution by Wayne Wie- gand, one of our most expert and versatile library historians: “Collecting Contested Titles: The Experience of Five Small Public Libraries in the Rural Midwest, 1893– 1956.” Wiegand has created a database that enables him to investigate whether or not midwestern libraries acquired certain rather contentious books over time. The books selected are by Mark Twain, Kate Chopin, Margaret Sanger, Sinclair Lewis, Theodore Dreiser, Zora Neale Huston, Richard Wright, John Steinbeck, Lilian July 2007 Wright, and J.D. Salinger. Depending on one’s preconceptions about libraries on Main Street, the results may or may not be surprising. Wiegand also provides fascinating vignettes of two libraries, in Lexington, Michigan (located, by the way, on Lake Huron, not Lake Erie), and Sauk Centre, Minnesota. Four articles fall under the heading International Perspectives, although two of them are not really international in their perspective. “American Bookwomen in Paris during the 1920s,” by Mary Niles Maack, captures the missionary zeal characteristic of American librarians, both at home and abroad. “The Library of Congress Becomes a World Library, 1815–2005” chronicles the development of international activities and collections as America grew to be a world power. We finally get a genuine international per- spective with “European Integration: Are Romanian Libraries Ready?” by Hermina G.B. Anghelescu. Romanian libraries are severely underfunded, and this article is a cry for help. Alistair Black’s essay on “The Library as Clinic: A Foucauldian Interpretation of British Public Library Attitudes to Social and Physical Disease 1850–1950” is the most exciting in the book. Black—author of histories of British and Irish librar- ies—takes a big risk in this article by applying the schema of Michel Foucault to hospital clinics and libraries in parallel. He claims that public libraries resembled clinics in that both were mass institu- tions in which professionalization was acquired through practical knowledge. Both attempted to treat “social diseases” and were accused of spreading infection. Finally, libraries (like medical clinics) practiced surveillance. As Black puts it, “Administratively, librarians have histori- cally been extremely adept at recording the activities of their users, in submitting users to their professional bureaucratic gaze.” Read this essay and you will never think about the public library in quite the same way.—Jean Alexander, Carnegie Mel- lon University.