reviews.indd 88 College & Research Libraries a link to examples, as, in some cases, do other contributors. Notwithstanding these exclusions, the Handbook is an excellent resource for many librarians. It can serve as a text for any IL courses that might exist in library schools, a great way for a new instruction librarian to get a wide introduction to the field, and an opportunity for practicing librarians not immersed in teaching to become more aware of the trends and cur- rent practices in IL instruction.—Karen R. Diaz, Ohio State University Libraries. Robert Hauptman. Documentation: A History and Critique of Attribution, Commentary, Glosses, Marginalia, Notes, Bibliographies, Works-Cited Lists, and Citation Indexing and Analysis. Jef- ferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2008. 240p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 9780786433339). LC2008-07099. Documentation is often taken for granted among scholars; we all use various forms of it in our work, yet we rarely stop to consider the history of such seemingly mundane items as footnotes or annota- tions. Modern scholars often think of documentation primarily as a way to cite a reference or acknowledge an in- fluential person. As Hauptman relates in this fascinating volume, there’s far more to the history and evolution of docu- mentation than you might imagine. As the subtitle implies, Hauptman’s study covers a lot of territory. He begins his narrative by identifying six purposes for documentation: providing acknowl- edgment, giving attribution, tracing sources, validating work through nota- tion, “protection against accusations of misconduct,” and adding substantive, if sometimes tangential, commentary. He wraps up his introductory sections with a brief chapter on the development of documentation, beginning in antiquity with the oral tradition of acknowledg- ing a predecessor and ending with some observations about modern use of APA and MLA citation styles. Hauptman then delves into several substantial chapters January 2009 on commentary, marginalia, illustration, and footnotes. He examines how docu- mentation styles and purposes vary in such diverse fields as biblical scholarship, legal scholarship, and the sciences. After noting that scientific papers can be brief and to the point, he gives examples of lengthy footnotes by legal scholars, not- ing that “Science requires data; the law sometimes obfuscates with verbosity.” Such contrasts, with accompanying suc- cinct commentary, fill the pages of this book. Erudition goes hand in hand with mirth, making this an extremely enjoy- able work to read. Hauptman spends some time examin- ing the early development of the footnote, citing examples from Pierre Bayle and Edward Gibbon, writers he ranks among “the great footnoters.” He illustrates his points with page facsimiles from Bayle’s 1734 work, A General Dictionary, Historical and Critical, and includes a lively discus- sion on Gibbon’s placement of notes in The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire that provides insight into the development of the footnote form. Gibbon initially placed his “witty and sardonic” annotations at the end of the text, comments so critical of their sources that “they offer a parallel but divergent history of Rome.” David Hume complained about the notes’ place- ment, and Gibbon responded by placing his comments at the bottom of the page. In a fine example of how well Hauptman cites and acknowledges other sources, he punctuates his discussion of Gibbon with a quote from Chuck Zerby’s history of footnotes: “Someone once said that notes ran along the bottom of Gibbon’s pages like dogs yapping at the text.” Hauptman’s narrative, while part his- torical analysis, is also concerned with modern usage. He includes a chapter on the development of modern citation styles such as the Chicago Manual of Style, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, and the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. He also delves into how scientifi c notations and legal citations are used. He describes what he sees as the strengths, weaknesses, and oddities in MLA, APA, and Chicago styles, adding some interesting comments on problems inherent with documenting Internet sources. In just under twenty pages, Hauptman provides context, meaning, and analysis for the citation styles most librarians and scholars use every day. For those who have struggled with teaching undergraduate students the intricacies of citation style, Hauptman’s comment that, after 20 years as an editor, “some authors, even those whose cre- dentials and publication records would seem to imply an absolute mastery of this simple necessity, are incapable of getting things just right” provides some contex- tual awareness. He expands on this in a chapter entitled “Errors,” describing how mistakes in citations, while not uncom- mon in the pre-Internet age, have become more complex and widespread in the age of Wikipedia and the Web. While errors are one problem that can plague proper documentation, Hauptman also deals with more egregious acts such as plagiarism and falsehood in a chapter entitled “Misconduct,” where he discuss- es a number of famous cases in the past and present. He even includes an endnote discussing Bob Dylan’s use of Civil War poet Henry Timrod’s verse in the lyrics on Dylan’s 2006 CD Modern Times. Since Dylan didn’t acknowledge Timrod, is it plagiarism? Or the folk process at work? Sifting through such allusions is part of what makes this book so entertaining and enlightening. The book’s final chapter is a brief examination of citation analysis and citation indexing. And while it’s not common to note these in a book review, it bears mentioning that the book includes endnotes, a 14-page bibliography, and an extensive index. Documentation is a delightful book, a learned journey through the methods authors and editors have used to add context, meaning, credibility, author- ity, and personal insight to scholarship throughout the ages, all peppered with Hauptman’s dry wit. The result is a fine Book Reviews 89 text that’s both educational and entertain- ing.—Gene Hyde, Radford University. Robert N. Matuozzi and Elizabeth B. Lindsay. Literary Research and the American Moderninst Era: Strategies and Sources. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2008. 173p. alk. paper, $35 (ISBN 081086116). LC2008-15076. In this third of the planned nineteen books in Scarecrow Press’s “Literary Research: Strategies and Sources” series, the authors roundly achieve their stated purpose to “provide the scholars of American mod- ernism with solid research skills and an overview of the core reference tools that are focused in this field of study.” The authors broadly identify their audience as scholars and researchers of American modernism, but the search strategies em- ployed within would be too sophisticated for all but the most advanced undergrad- uate. Reference and instruction librarians, particularly literature specialists, would also benefit from a reading. The book is well arranged and in a logi- cal order. Basic information sources are in- troduced, and then, searches particular to literature, and more specifi cally American modernist literature, are employed. The first chapter, “Basics of Online Search- ing,” covers basic information such as understanding MARC records, selecting and combining search terms using Bool- ean strategies, truncation, nesting, phrase searching, and proximity operators. The differences between, and when it is best to use, library catalogs, search engines, and article databases is outlined. Although much of this is all-purpose information, this chapter uses search examples specific to American modernism. The remaining chapters describe the different types of information sources valuable in American modernist literary research. These chapters are divided into sections, and each section begins with complete bibliographic information for the sources described within that section. The authors identify the structure and features of each resource and explain