College and Research Libraries By G E R M A I N E K R E T T E K A Report from Washington MO R E T H A N A T H O U S A N D B I L L S i n t h e field of e d u c a t i o n w e r e i n t r o d u c e d in t h e 8 5 t h C o n g r e s s . A n u m b e r of t h e s e p r o - p o s a l s h a v e s i g n i f i c a n c e f o r t h e l i b r a r i e s of colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s . B I L L S PASSED National Defense Education Act O n e of t h e last acts of t h e 8 5 t h C o n g r e s s was t h e a p p r o p r i a t i o n of $40 m i l l i o n t o l a u n c h t h e N a t i o n a l D e f e n s e E d u c a t i o n A c t of 1958, w h i c h w a s e n a c t e d j u s t b e f o r e a d - j o u r n m e n t . T h e cost of t h e f o u r - y e a r p r o - g r a m h a s b e e n e s t i m a t e d a t $887 m i l l i o n . P u b l i c L a w 85-864 is a c o m p r o m i s e m e a s - u r e , d r a f t e d b y a H o u s e - S e n a t e c o n f e r e n c e c o m m i t t e e . T h e l e g i s l a t i o n sets u p a b a s i c f o u r - y e a r p r o g r a m of r e p a y a b l e l o a n s t o col- l e g e s t u d e n t s a n d v a r i o u s a i d s t o s p u r sci- e n c e , m a t h e m a t i c s , a n d l a n g u a g e t e a c h i n g . T h e o u t r i g h t s c h o l a r s h i p p r o v i s i o n was e l i m - i n a t e d . S e v e r a l t i t l e s i n t h i s n e w a c t a p p l y t o i n s t i t u t i o n s of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n a n d a n u m - b e r of t h e p r o v i s i o n s c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d as s i g n i f i c a n t t o l i b r a r i e s a n d l i b r a r i a n s . T i t l e I I , Loans to Students in Institutions of Higher Education, p r o v i d e s F e d e r a l as- s i s t a n c e i n t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of s t u d e n t l o a n f u n d s f o r m a k i n g l o w i n t e r e s t l o a n s t o stu- d e n t s t o p u r s u e t h e i r e d u c a t i o n a t colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s . U p t o o n e - h a l f of a n y l o a n is c a n c e l l e d f o r service as a f u l l - t i m e t e a c h e r i n a p u b l i c e l e m e n t a r y o r s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l i n a s t a t e . T h e A c t a u t h o r i z e d a n a p p r o - p r i a t i o n of $47.5 m i l l i o n d u r i n g t h e cur- r e n t fiscal y e a r , of w h i c h $6 m i l l i o n w a s a p p r o p r i a t e d i n i t i a l l y . C o l l e g e s a n d u n i - v e r s i t i e s w i l l b e r e q u i r e d t o p r o v i d e $1.00 f o r e v e r y $9.00 r e c e i v e d i n F e d e r a l f u n d s . A s s u m i n g t h a t t h e l o a n s w o u l d a v e r a g e a b o u t $600 p e r s t u d e n t , a p p r o x i m a t e l y e l e v e n t h o u s a n d F e d e r a l l y - s u p p o r t e d l o a n s Miss Krettek is Director of ALA's Wash- ington office. c o u l d b e m a d e u n d e r t h e a m o u n t a p p r o - p r i a t e d f o r t h e first fiscal y e a r . S i n c e s c h o o l l i b r a r i a n s a r e c e r t i f i c a t e d as t e a c h e r s i n a l m o s t all states, t h e s e s t u d e n t l o a n s m a y b e i n t e r p r e t e d as a v a i l a b l e t o p r o s p e c t i v e s c h o o l l i b r a r i a n s . T i t l e I V , National Defense Fellowships. A p p r o x i m a t e l y 160 colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s a r e e l i g i b l e t o p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h i s p r o g r a m t o e x p a n d g r a d u a t e e d u c a t i o n a t t h e P h . D . level t o i n c r e a s e t h e n u m b e r of w e l l - t r a i n e d c o l l e g e t e a c h i n g p e r s o n n e l . O n e t h o u s a n d f e l l o w s h i p s a r e a u t h o r i z e d d u r i n g t h e cur- r e n t fiscal y e a r a n d 1,500 d u r i n g e a c h of t h e t h r e e s u c c e e d i n g years. P r e f e r e n c e will b e g i v e n t o n o m i n e e s i n t e r e s t e d i n t e a c h - i n g i n i n s t i t u t i o n s of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s e f e l l o w s h i p s , t h e A c t au- t h o r i z e s g r a n t s t o t h e i r i n s t i t u t i o n s t o h e l p finance t h e n e w o r e x p a n d e d p r o g r a m s . W h e n c o n d i t i o n s set f o r t h i n t h i s a c t h a v e b e e n m e t , t h e s e f e l l o w s h i p s m a y a p p l y t o g r a d u a t e s t u d y f o r l i b r a r i a n s , b u t p r o b - a b l y a t t h e d o c t o r a l l e v e l o n l y . T i t l e V, Guidance, Counseling, and Test- ing, a u t h o r i z e s t w o r e l a t e d p r o g r a m s : o n e f o r s e c o n d a r y schools a n d o n e f o r i n s t i t u - t i o n s of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n . I n s t i t u t i o n s of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n m a y a p p l y d i r e c t l y t o t h e Office of E d u c a t i o n f o r c o n t r a c t s t o set u p t r a i n i n g i n s t i t u t e s f o r g u i d a n c e a n d c o u n s e l - i n g p e r s o n n e l . T h e A c t a u t h o r i z e s a n ap- p r o p r i a t i o n of $6,250,000 f o r s u p p o r t of t h e t r a i n i n g i n s t i t u t e s , of w h i c h $2 m i l l i o n is n o w a v a i l a b l e . T h e r e a r e n o specific m a t c h - i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s . I t is e s t i m a t e d t h a t t h e f u l l s u m a u t h o r i z e d w o u l d p r o v i d e sixty in- s t i t u t e s a n d t r a i n i n g f o r 2,350 c o u n s e l o r s . L i b r a r y r e s o u r c e s i n t h i s f i e l d w i l l n e e d t o b e e x p a n d e d . T i t l e V I , Modern Foreign Language De- velopment. U n d e r t h i s t i t l e c o l l e g e s a n d u n i - v e r s i t i e s m a y a p p l y f o r f u n d s t o e s t a b l i s h s h o r t - t e r m o r r e g u l a r session i n s t i t u t e s t o p r o v i d e further training for persons teach- ing f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e s o r p r e p a r i n g t o be- c o m e l a n g u a g e t e a c h e r s . R e g u l a t i o n s a r e al- 502 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES so b e i n g p r e p a r e d u n d e r w h i c h colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s m a y r e c e i v e F e d e r a l a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d o p e r a t i o n of spe- cial c e n t e r s t o p r o v i d e i n s t r u c t i o n f o r f u t u r e t e a c h e r s , g o v e r n m e n t p e r s o n n e l , a n d o t h e r s i n l a n g u a g e s n o w r a r e l y t a u g h t i n t h i s c o u n - try, a n d i n s t r u c t i o n i n t h e c u s t o m s , laws, e c o n o m i c systems, a n d o t h e r a s p e c t s of t h e c o u n t r i e s c o n c e r n e d . I n s t i t u t i o n s w h i c h c o n t r a c t w i t h t h e O f - fice of E d u c a t i o n f o r t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d o p e r a t i o n of t h e i n s t i t u t e s a n d c e n t e r s will r e q u i r e l i b r a r y m a t e r i a l s n o t o n l y i n t h e f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e s b u t i n fields n e e d e d t o p r o v i d e a f u l l u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e c o u n - tries i n w h i c h s u c h l a n g u a g e is u s e d , s u c h as " h i s t o r y , p o l i t i c a l science, l i n g u i s t i c s , e c o n o m i c s , sociology, g e o g r a p h y , a n d a n - t h r o p o l o g y . " I n c r e a s e d m a t e r i a l s a n d ex- p a n s i o n of e x i s t i n g l i b r a r i e s will b e re- q u i r e d . T i t l e V I I , Research and Experimentation in More Effective Use of Television, Radio, Motion Pictures, and Related Media for Ed- ucational Purposes. T h i s t i t l e a u t h o r i z e s g r a n t s o r c o n t r a c t s t o p u b l i c o r n o n p r o f i t a g e n c i e s , o r g a n i z a t i o n s , a n d i n d i v i d u a l s f o r p r o j e c t s of r e s e a r c h a n d e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n o n t h i s s u b j e c t . I t also a u t h o r i z e s t h e C o m m i s - s i o n e r of E d u c a t i o n , d i r e c t l y o r t h r o u g h g r a n t s o r c o n t r a c t s , t o study the need f o r i n c r e a s e d u s e of t h e s e m e d i a , p r e p a r e a n d p u b l i s h m a t e r i a l s u s e f u l in e n c o u r a g i n g a n d m a k i n g b e t t e r u s e of s u c h m e d i a f o r e d u c a - t i o n a l p u r p o s e s , a n d p r o v i d e t e c h n i c a l as- s i s t a n c e t o s t a t e a n d local e d u c a t i o n a l a g e n c i e s a n d i n s t i t u t i o n s of h i g h e r e d u c a - t i o n i n t h e u s e of s u c h m e d i a . A first s t e p i n t h i s p r o g r a m w i l l b e a p p o i n t m e n t of a n a d v i s o r y c o m m i t t e e . T h e A c t a u t h o r i z e s $3 m i l l i o n f o r t h i s p r o g r a m t h e first y e a r , of w h i c h $500,000 h a s b e e n a p p r o p r i a t e d ini- tially. S o m e r e s e a r c h is e x p e c t e d t o g e t u n d e r way a t colleges a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s d u r - i n g t h e s e c o n d s e m e s t e r of t h i s c u r r e n t a c a d e m i c y e a r . T h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h i s t i t l e will b e of t r e m e n d o u s i n t e r e s t t o e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u - t i o n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o u n t r y a n d s h o u l d b e of i n t e r e s t t o all l i b r a r i a n s . T i t l e I X , Science Information Service. T h i s u n i t is e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e N a t i o n a l Sci- e n c e F o u n d a t i o n . T h r o u g h it, t h e F o u n d a - t i o n will p r o v i d e o r a r r a n g e f o r i n d e x i n g , a b s t r a c t i n g , t r a n s l a t i n g , a n d o t h e r services l e a d i n g t o a m o r e e f f e c t i v e d i s s e m i n a t i o n of s c i e n t i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n , a n d will u n d e r t a k e p r o g r a m s t o d e v e l o p n e w o r i m p r o v e d m e t h - o d s f o r m a k i n g s c i e n t i f i c i n f o r m a t i o n avail- a b l e . Counterpart Funds T h e a c t t o a m e n d a n d e x t e n d t h e A g r i c u l - t u r a l T r a d e D e v e l o p m e n t a n d A s s i s t a n c e A c t of 1954 (P.L.85-931), s i g n e d b y t h e P r e s i d e n t o n S e p t e m b e r 6, 1958, m a k e s it p o s s i b l e t o use c o u n t e r p a r t f u n d s f o r ab- s t r a c t i n g , t r a n s l a t i n g , i n d e x i n g , a c q u i r i n g , a n d o t h e r w i s e m a k i n g a v a i l a b l e i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s m a t e r i a l s f r o m a b r o a d . Spe- cifically, it p r o v i d e s " F o r financing u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n of t h e L i b r a r i a n of C o n g r e s s , i n c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h t h e N a t i o n a l S c i e n c e F o u n d a t i o n a n d o t h e r i n t e r e s t e d a g e n c i e s , in s u c h a m o u n t s as m a y b e s p e c i f i e d f r o m t i m e t o t i m e i n a p p r o p r i a t i o n acts, (1) p r o - g r a m s o u t s i d e t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s f o r t h e a n a l y s i s a n d e v a l u a t i o n of f o r e i g n b o o k s , p e r i o d i c a l s , a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l s t o d e t e r - m i n e w h e t h e r t h e y w o u l d p r o v i d e i n f o r m a - t i o n of t e c h n i c a l o r s c i e n t i f i c s i g n i f i c a n c e in t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s a n d w h e t h e r s u c h b o o k s , p e r i o d i c a l s , a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l s a r e of cul- t u r a l o r e d u c a t i o n a l s i g n i f i c a n c e ; (2) t h e r e g i s t r y , i n d e x i n g , b i n d i n g , r e p r o d u c t i o n , c a t a l o g i n g , a b s t r a c t i n g , t r a n s l a t i n g , a n d dis- s e m i n a t i o n of b o o k s , p e r i o d i c a l s , a n d r e l a t e d m a t e r i a l s d e t e r m i n e d t o h a v e s u c h s i g n i f - i c a n c e ; a n d (3) t h e a c q u i s i t i o n of s u c h b o o k s , p e r i o d i c a l s , a n d o t h e r m a t e r i a l s a n d t h e d e p o s i t t h e r e o f i n l i b r a r i e s a n d r e s e a r c h c e n t e r s i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s s p e c i a l i z i n g i n t h e a r e a s t o w h i c h t h e y r e l a t e . " Educational Exchanges I n e n a c t i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t i o n s b i l l f o r t h e D e p a r t m e n t of S t a t e , t h e S e n a t e i n c r e a s e d t h e f u n d s f o r t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n a l e x c h a n g e p r o g r a m . T h i s p r o g r a m r e c e i v e d $20.8 m i l l i o n last y e a r , t h e A d m i n i s t r a t i o n r e q u e s t e d t h e s a m e s u m f o r t h e c o m i n g y e a r , a n d t h e H o u s e a l l o w e d t h e f u l l a m o u n t of t h e r e q u e s t . T h e S e n a t e , h o w e v e r , v o t e d $30.8 m i l l i o n f o r i n t e r n a t i o n a l e x c h a n g e of s t u d e n t s , t e a c h e r s , l e a d e r s , a n d specialists. I n c o n f e r e n c e , a g r e e m e n t was r e a c h e d o n a t o t a l of $22.8 m i l l i o n . A l l t h e i n c r e a s e is SEPTEMBER 1958 503 specifically e a r m a r k e d f o r L a t i n - A m e r i c a n e x c h a n g e s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e f u n d s d i r e c t l y a p p r o - p r i a t e d , t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l e d u c a t i o n a l ex- c h a n g e p r o g r a m also is a u t h o r i z e d t o u s e f o r e i g n c u r r e n c i e s d e r i v e d f r o m sale a b r o a d of s u r p l u s U n i t e d S t a t e s a g r i c u l t u r a l com- m o d i t i e s . L a s t y e a r , a b o u t $3.5 m i l l i o n was a v a i l a b l e f r o m t h i s s o u r c e . T h e H o u s e v o t e d t o p e r m i t u s e of $6.75 m i l l i o n i n f o r e i g n c u r r e n c i e s f o r e d u c a t i o n a l e x c h a n g e s d u r i n g t h e c o m i n g y e a r , a n d t h e S e n a t e a p p r o v e d use of $8.75 m i l l i o n . T h e c o m p r o m i s e f i g u r e a g r e e d u p o n b y t h e c o n f e r e e s w a s $7.25 m i l l i o n . Research Grants P u b l i c L a w 85-934 a u t h o r i z e s F e d e r a l de- p a r t m e n t s a n d a g e n c i e s t o m a k e o r e n t e r in- t o c o n t r a c t s f o r b a s i c s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h a t n o n p r o f i t i n s t i t u t i o n s of h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n , o r a t n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s w h o s e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e is t h e c o n d u c t of s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . Tariff-Free Audio-Visual Materials T h e P r e s i d e n t s i g n e d P u b l i c L a w 85-458 o n J u n e 13, 1958, w h i c h p e r m i t s colleges, schools, a n d o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s p r o m o t i n g t h e a r t s , sciences, a n d e d u c a t i o n t o i m p o r t f r e e of d u t y s o u n d r e c o r d i n g s , slides, a n d t r a n s p a r e n c i e s f o r its o w n u s e o r f o r t h e e n c o u r a g e m e n t of t h e fine a r t s a n d also p e r m i t s s u c h i n s t i t u t i o n s t o i m p o r t f r e e of d u t y p i c t u r e film t o b e u s e d i n c e r t a i n n o n - p r o f i t t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t s . T h e p r o v i s i o n s of t h e T a r i f f A c t of 1930 w h i c h e x e m p t s f r o m d u t y b o o k s , m a p s , a n d s i m i l a r a r t i c l e s f o r e d u c a t i o n a l a n d n o n p r o f i t u s e is t h u s b r o u g h t u p - t o - d a t e w i t h t h e a d d i t i o n of m a t e r i a l s u s e d i n e d u c a t i o n a l r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t s . Medical Teaching Facilities Construction T h e C o n g r e s s p a s s e d H.R.I2876 w h i c h ex- t e n d e d f o r t h r e e y e a r s t h e H e a l t h R e s e a r c h F a c i l i t i e s A c t of 1956 w h i c h e s t a b l i s h e d a p r o g r a m of F e d e r a l m a t c h i n g g r a n t s f o r t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of h e a l t h r e s e a r c h f a c i l i t i e s . T h i s b i l l h a s b e e n s i g n e d i n t o law (P.L.85- 777). T h e C o n g r e s s d i d n o t a c t o n t h e bill (H.R.11913) t o a m e n d t h e P u b l i c H e a l t h Service A c t t o a u t h o r i z e g r a n t s f o r r e s e a r c h a n d t e a c h i n g f a c i l i t i e s f o r e x i s t i n g a n d n e w m e d i c a l , d e n t a l , a n d p u b l i c h e a l t h schools. F r e d e r i c k G . K i l g o u r , l i b r a r i a n of Y a l e M e d i c a l L i b r a r y , filed a s t a t e m e n t f o r A L A w i t h t h e H o u s e S u b c o m m i t t e e o n H e a l t h a n d S c i e n c e i n s u p p o r t of t h e p r o p o s a l s w h i c h w o u l d s t i m u l a t e t h e e q u i p p i n g a n d c o n s t r u c t i o n of h e a l t h l i b r a r i e s as a s e c t i o n of h e a l t h r e s e a r c h a n d t e a c h i n g f a c i l i t i e s . Postal Rates O n M a y 27, 1958, P r e s i d e n t E i s e n h o w e r s i g n e d P u b l i c L a w 426, 8 5 t h C o n g r e s s , t h e c o m b i n e d p o s t a l r a t e a n d p o s t a l p a y b i l l (H.R.5836). I t w i l l g o i n t o e f f e c t o n v a r i o u s d a t e s u n t i l J u l y 1, 1961, t h o u g h m o s t r a t e s b e c a m e e f f e c t i v e A u g u s t 1, 1958. N e w r a t e s a r e : First-Class Mail R e g u l a r A i r m a i l — 7 ^ o u n c e letters—4<1 o u n c e A i r m a i l Post- c a r d s — 5 ^ e a c h c a r d s — 3 ^ e a c h Second-Class Mail N o c h a n g e was m a d e i n t h e p r e s e n t sec- o n d - c l a s s r a t e s f o r p u b l i c a t i o n s of n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s o r f o r c l a s s r o o m use, e x c e p t t h a t i n n o case will t h e c h a r g e p e r p i e c e b e less t h a n t h e p r e s e n t m i n i m u m of x/8 of a c e n t . Third-Class Mail Per Piece Rate: 3«? t w o o u n c e s , e a c h a d d i t i o n a l o u n c e . Bulk: p e r p i e c e , 2^, e f f e c t i v e J a n u a r y 1, 1959, a n d 2 y z 4 , e f f e c t i v e J u l y 1, 1960. A p - p l i c a b l e t o q u a l i f i e d n o n p r o f i t , r e l i g i o u s , ed- u c a t i o n a l , scientific, p h i l a n t h r o p i c , a g r i c u l - t u r a l , l a b o r , v e t e r a n , o r f r a t e r n a l o r g a n i z a - t i o n s a n d a s s o c i a t i o n s — e x c e p t t h a t t h e m i n - i m u m c h a r g e p e r p i e c e w i l l b e h a l f t h e reg- u l a r m i n i m u m c h a r g e . W e i g h t l i m i t in- c r e a s e d f r o m 8 o u n c e s u p to, b u t n o t in- c l u d i n g 16 o u n c e s . T h e first i n c r e a s e w i l l n o t a f f e c t n o n p r o f i t g r o u p s s i n c e t h e i r pres- e n t r a t e is ltf p e r p i e c e , b u t t h e 1960 in- c r e a s e will m o v e t h e i r r a t e u p t o \yjtf p e r p i e c e . Fourth-Class Mail Educational Materials ( f o r m e r l y c a l l e d B o o k R a t e ) : i n c r e a s e d t o 9^ o n t h e first 504 COLLEGE AND RESEARCH LIBRARIES p o u n d a n d 5<* o n e a c h s u c c e e d i n g p o u n d . T h e f o l l o w i n g m a t e r i a l s , w h e n i n p a r c e l s n o t e x c e e d i n g s e v e n t y p o u n d s i n w e i g h t , may b e s e n t a t t h i s r a t e ( u n d e r l i n e d a r e t h e m a t e r i a l s a d d e d b y t h e n e w a c t ) : (1) b o o k s p e r m a n e n t l y b o u n d f o r p r e s e r v a i o n consist- i n g w h o l l y of r e a d i n g m a t t e r o r scholarly bibliography o r r e a d i n g m a t t e r w i t h inci- d e n t a l b l a n k spaces f o r s t u d e n t s ' n o t a t i o n s a n d c o n t a i n i n g n o a d v e r t i s i n g m a t t e r o t h e r t h a n i n c i d e n t a l a n n o u n c e m e n t s of b o o k s ; (2) s i x t e e n - m i l l i m e t e r films a n d s i x t e e n - m i l l i m e - t e r f i l m c a t a l o g s , e x c e p t w h e n s e n t t o com- m e r c i a l t h e a t e r s ; (3) p r i n t e d m u s i c w h e t h e r i n b o u n d f o r m o r i n s h e e t f o r m ; (4) printed objective test materials and accessories there- to used by, or in behalf of, educational in- stitutions in testing of ability, aptitude, achievements, interests, and other mental and personal qualities with or without ansivers, test scores, or identifying information re- corded thereon in writing or by mark; (5) phonograph recordings; and (6) manuscripts for books, periodical articles, and music. Library Materials ( f o r m e r l y c a l l e d Li- b r a r y B o o k R a t e ) : T h e p r e s e n t r a t e of 4"? f o r t h e first p o u n d a n d Itf f o r e a c h a d d i - t i o n a l p o u n d o r f r a c t i o n is m a i n t a i n e d a n d e l i g i b i l i t y i n c l u d e s t h e s e c a t e g o r i e s : (1) b o o k s c o n s i s t i n g w h o l l y of r e a d i n g m a t t e r o r scholarly bibliography o r r e a d i n g m a t t e r w i t h i n c i d e n t a l b l a n k s p a c e s f o r s t u d e n t s ' n o t a t i o n s a n d c o n t a i n i n g n o a d v e r t i s i n g m a t t e r o t h e r t h a n t h e i n c i d e n t a l a n n o u n c e - m e n t s of b o o k s ; (2) p r i n t e d m u s i c , w h e t h e r i n b o u n d f o r m o r i n s h e e t f o r m ; (3) bound volumes of academic theses in typewritten or other duplicated form and bound vol- umes of periodicals; (4) p h o n o g r a p h r e c o r d - i n g s ; a n d (5) other library materials in printed, duplicated, or photographic form or in the form of unpublished manuscripts. T h i s r a t e m a y also a p p l y t o s i x t e e n - m i l l i - m e t e r films, filmstrips, t r a n s p a r e n c i e s f o r p r o j e c t i o n , a n d slides, m i c r o f i l m s , s o u n d re- c o r d i n g s , a n d c a t a l o g s of s u c h m a t e r i a l s , w h e n s e n t i n p a r c e l s n o t e x c e e d i n g s e v e n t y p o u n d s i n w e i g h t t o o r f r o m (1) schools, colleges, o r u n i v e r s i t i e s a n d (2) p u b l i c li- b r a r i e s , r e l i g i o u s , e d u c a t i o n a l , scientific, p h i l - a n t h r o p i c , a g r i c u l t u r a l , l a b o r , v e t e r a n s , o r f r a t e r n a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s o r a s s o c i a t i o n s , n o t o r g a n i z e d f o r p r o f i t a n d n o n e of t h e n e t i n c o m e of w h i c h i n u r e s t o t h e b e n e f i t of a n y p r i v a t e s t o c k h o l d e r o r i n d i v i d u a l . T h i s r a t e is e x t e n d e d t o i n c l u d e s u c h m a i l f o r schools, colleges, a n d u n i v e r s i t i e s i n ad- d i t i o n t o t h e l i b r a r i e s a n d n o n p r o f i t asso- c i a t i o n s n o w e l i g i b l e . T h e l i b r a r y m a t e r i a l s r a t e is e x t e n d e d t o all delivery zones. Permit Requirement S h i p m e n t s u n d e r t h e l i b r a r y m a t e r i a l s r a t e m a y b e m a d e w i t h o u t s e c u r i n g a s p e c i a l au- t h o r i z a t i o n . T h e p o s t a l m a n u a l h a s b e e n re- v i s e d so as n o t t o r e q u i r e a p e r m i t f o r t h e a c c e p t a n c e f o r s u c h m a i l i n g s of n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s . T h e r e is s o m e a m b i g u i t y i n t h e n e w p o s t a l l a w r e g a r d i n g t h e m i n i m u m w e i g h t l i m i t f o r b o o k s . W e u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e P o s t Office D e p a r t m e n t will p e r m i t s u c h p a c k - ages w e i g h i n g less t h a n 16 o u n c e s t o b e s e n t a t t h e first p o u n d r a t e u n d e r t h e b o o k a n d l i b r a r y b o o k r a t e s (9^ a n d 4