College and Research Libraries 68 I College & Research Libraries • January 1977 applied to faculty, which include research, publication, and teaching, are not necessar- ily suitable for librarians. Indeed there have been some distressing cases of professional- ly competent librarians being refused ten- ure because they could not meet criteria which included teaching and scholarly pub- lications."), suggest he recognizes that cur- rent serious management problems exist within the framework of some facts which are not fully perceived by the profession, and are unpalatable as well. Durey is clearly aware, as many of his readers may not be, of the fact that the academic department or collegiate model may not work in libraries; that quality li- braries do not really have a very high pri- ority in academia; that unionization may well lead to lower standards; that insisting that library science is an academic disci- pline is pretentious if not fraudulent; and that as the opportunities for academic ap- pointments constrict, both faculty and li- brarians have, not surprisingly, become self- serving to a degree which makes laughable our claims of professionalism. Durey does not address himself to these things as such, save by indirection, and the readers for whom I believe he W-':"ote may not perceive them. Experienced librarians will, and ad- ministrators must. If Mr. Durey has no solutions to the problems current management practices are trying to solve, he has at least described the various efforts being made to react to them and done so with commendable candor and objectivity. Now, if he will just write volume two ... . -Stuart Forth, The Penn- sylvania State University, University Park. Markuson, Barbara Evans. "The Ohio Col- lege Library Center: A Study of the Fac- tors Affecting the Adaptation of Libraries to On-Line Networks," Library Technol- ogy Reports 12:11-132 (Jan. 1976). ( $40.00 for single issue, available from American Library Assn., 50 East Huron St., Chicago, IL 60611.) Nitecki, Joseph Z. OCLC in Retrospect: A Review of the Impact of the OCLC Sys- tem on the Administration of a Large University Technical Services Operations. University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science. Occasional Papers, no. 123, May 1976. 35p. $2.00 (prepaid). (Available from Publications Office, 249 Armory Bldg., University of Illinois Graduate School of Library Science, Champaign, IL 61820.) Librarians using OCLC's on-line catalog- ing system seem to have an insatiable thirst for information about the experience of others with the system. Until now, there has been little systematic research to sup- plement the ever-present user discussion groups, on-site visits, and exchange of in- ternal reports. Barbara Markuson's report takes a big step towards filling this infor- mation gap. The Markuson report begins by present- ing a well organized and clearly written de- scription of OCLC' s services. Beyond that, the principal questions addressed by the study are: "Why do libraries join networks? How have on-line operations affected costs, staffing, production, workflow? How has the transition to on-line operations been han- dled? Do staff like or dislike use of the cathode ray tube terminal for file access?" The data for the study were gathered by use of an exhaustive questionnaire covering a wide range of issues related to the utiliza- tion and evaluation of OCLC. The ques- tionnaire was mailed to 151 OCLC user li- braries; responses were sought from three levels of library staff-top administrators, middle management, and ·terminal opera- tors. For the most part, the report is a com- pendium of responses to the items in the questionnaire. A sampling of the titles of statistical tables illustrates the many useful and interesting areas covered: "Importance of Factors Related to the Decision to Par- ticipate in OCLC," "Assessment of Factors Relating to Successful Transition to OCLC," "Budget Effects · Due to OCLC," "Value of Training Sources Reported by Respondents," "Assessment of Operational Impact of OCLC," "Difficulty of Learning Specific Terminal Related Tasks." The raw data included in these tables are provocative, although the report itself suf- fers from a lack of analysis and interpreta- tion. The impression is very strong that the massiveness of the data is out of proportion to the yield of useful insights. Perhaps a more serious concern is the low response rate. Although 81 of 151 questionnaires were returned, the average number of usable responses for 151 of the questions tabulated in the report was 64, or 42 per- cent. A mortality rate of this order requires some analysis of possible self-selection fac- tors in the non-respondents. In spite of these limitations, the Marku- son study stands as an important contribu- tion to the literature of network utilization and impact. Because of its breadth, the study will no doubt provide baseline com- parative data for numerous more narrowly focused studies in the future. Joseph Nitecki has prepared a report on OCLC utilization in a single library, Tem- ple University. The report includes flow charts of Temple's OCLC interface proce- dures, Nitecki's analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of OCLC as compared to conventional manual procedures, com- parative cost and performance statistics, and a discussion of problems encountered at Temple in using the system. Nitecki describes his paper as " ... the viewpoint of one administrator of one li- brary and is based almost exclusively on Recent Publications I 69 personal experience in supervising technical services operations in transition." As such, the usefulness of N itecki' s report is mainly illustrative. To some extent, its flaws are ex- actly the opposite of the Markuson report- a tendency to over-interpret a limited body of data. · Both reports are of interest to serious stu- dents of the impact of bibliographic net- works. In addition, the first part of the Markuson report provides an extremely lu- cid introduction to OCLC' s services and mode of operation for librarians still in need of it.-]oe A. Hewitt, Associate University Librarian for Technical Services, Universi- ty of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Malinowsky, H. Robert; Gray, Richard A.; and Gray, Dorothy A. Science and Engi- neering Literature: A Guide to Reference Sources. 2d ed. Library Science Text Se- ries. Littleton, Colo.: Libraries U nhm- ited, Inc. 1976. 368p. $14.00. (LC 76- 17794) (ISBN 0-87287-098-7) "The purpose of a literature guide is to draw a cognitive map of a field of study. In mapping a discipline, an author of a lit- How nonprofit organizations can profit from MBO. Learn how MBO is working in all kinds of nonprofit organiza- tions ... government agencies ... hospitals ... research insti- tutes . . . postal services . . . youth organizations ... labor unions . . . churches . . . and much more. 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