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TH E LITU R.CiY ~?-t-\98 

AND TH E LAITY . 

WI LLIAM J. LALlOU 
THE CATHOLIC HOU ~ 

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* 





THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 
By 

REV. WILLIAM J. LALLOU 
Associate Profe sso r of Liturgy 

at the 

Catho lic Universi ty of America 

Foul' addresses delivered in the n ationwide Catholic Hour 
(produced by the National Council of Catholic Men, in 
cooperation with the National Broadcasting Company), 

on Sundays from June 7, through June 28, 1942. 

Page 
June 7 Why Should We H a v e Litu rgy? ___ ............. ................ .. ............ ......... 3 

June 14 The Supre me Act of the Liturgy ..... .............................. .. ............... 8 

June 21 Lay Participation in the Liturgy ......................................... ........... 14 

J une 28 Oriental Rites in the Liturgy ....................... ..... __ ........ ..... .. ................. 20 

Statement of the Catholic Hour's purpose ........................................... ............. 25 

List of Stations Carrying the Catholic Hour ............................. ................ ...... . 26 

List of Catholic H our Pamphlets ....................... .. ............................................... 28 

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CATHOLIC MEN 
Producers of the Catholic Hour 

1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W. 
Washington, D. C. 

Printed and distributed by Our Sunday Visitor 
Huntington, Indiana 

'~ 



Nihil Obstat 
REV. T. E. DILLON 

Censor Libro rum 

IMPRIMATUR: 
+ JOHN FRANCIS NOLL, D. D. 

Bishop of Fort Wayne 

DeackJmed Print ed in U . S. A. 



WHY SHOULD WE HAVE LITURGY? 
Address delivered on June 7, 1942 

One who picks up the catalogue these relationships, that he is God's 
of a college rarely fails to be mys- creature, dependent upon God for 
tified by the titles of some of the his being and destined for God as 
courses list~d in its curriculum. his final end, that he owes God 
When the college is a theological thanksgiving for divine blessings 
seminary and the casual reader a and reparation for human short-
layman, it is exceptional not to find comings. When man gives expres-
at least one subject of the course sion to his sense of these relation-
whose name gives one pause. So, ships between himself and his 
when we find liturgy listed on the Creator, he is said to worship God. 
theological curriculum, one is apt But this worship is not yet liturgy. 
to be puzzled as to its definite mean- The expression of the individual's 
ing even though his knowledge may convictions of his dependence upon 
not be so elementary that he con- God will vary with one's own pecu-, 
fuses liturgy with literature. So at liar disposition. It wnI be effusive. 
the outset of this series of talks or restrained, extravagant or digni-
on the liturgy of the Church, it fied , hysterical or rational. His in- \ 
seems logical and not at all super- dividual worship may be much more 
£luous to define the word, liturgy. satisfactory to him personally 
We are not going to become pedan- than the organized worship which 
tic to the degree of tracing the we call liturgy. He may have mo-
steps . by which the Greek word, ments of greater spiritual exalta-
leitourgia, has come to mean the tion as he feasts on the glories of 
official worship of the Church, the sunset or contemplates the won-
which we express by the term, lit- ders of the stars than he has at an 
urgy. So let us state at once that elaborate religious function. He 
the accepted definition of liturgy may thrill with greater spiritual 
is: the public worship of God as elan as he listens to a great sym-
regulated by the Church. There phony than when he is the hearer 
are certain fundamental relation- of a Sunday sermon. He may feel 
ships, which exist between God and greater sensible devotion as he 
man, which exist whether man kneels alone in a tiny chapel than 
thinks of them or not. But man when he forms a unit in a vast con-
can and does know and think of gregation in a great cathedral. All 



4 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

this is very true, as it is true that he must externalize his devotion 
one may worship God in any place to his country in definitely pres-
in His wide creation, at home or in cribed fashion . It is conceivable, 
the street, at work or at play, on though most unlikely, that some 
the mountain top or by the sea- citizen could design a flag which 
shore, in the busy city or in the would be a more expressive emblem 
quiet country. But all this worship of the United States than our pres-
is not liturgy. If man finds such ent flag, just as it is conceivable, 
satisfaction in this unorganized but in this case more likely, that an 
worship of God, why must we have individual could compose a hymn 
liturgy whose ceremonial some- more distinctive of the spirit of 
times distracts man from his this country than our national an-
thoughts of God more than it helps them . Nevertheless, the stars and 
him to concentrate on his relation -
ship with God? 

stripes form our official flag, to be 
saluted as such, and the accepted 
chant of the Republic is the "Star 

We may glimpse an answer to 
Spangled Banner." In like manner, 

this difficulty by remembering that 
the official public worship of the 

the individual man is not himself 
Church is conducted according to 

alone. Not .only as an individual 
definite forms regulated by the 

must h e pay to God the worship of 
adoration, thanksgi ving, repent-

Church , even though at times these 
may not be so inspiring and satis-
factory as his private worship is 
to the individual Christian. We do 
not have liturgy till this individual 
is associated with his fellows, and 
not associated in any chance · fash-

ance, and petition, but as a social 
being, as a member of the society 
organized by Christ to perpetuate 
His work on earth, the Church, 
must he pay tribute to his Creator. 
The cult of God rendered to Him by 

ion but as members of an organiza-
men as m embers of this society 

tion, the Church, which has its offi-
mu st evidently, to be official, be reg-

cial, public worship of Cod, as a so-
ulated by the governing authority 

ciety, distinct from the private 
in the Church. The individual citi-
zen, in private life, may give ex-
pression to his patriotism in a var-
iety of ways, some of them perhaps 

worship which may be practiced by 
the single member at h ome or else-
where outside of Church. An or-

better than the officially prescribed ganization , of its very nature, has 
ceremonies indicative of loyalty to the right to enact legislation to gov-
country. But when the individual is ern the conduct of its members 
associated with his fellow-citizens when they are associated in its offi-



WHY SHOULD WE HAVE LITURGY? 5 

.cial assemblies . The result of such one without an altar. The former 
legislation, in the case of the provides for a popular devotion 
Church with reference to her mem- while the latter is needed for the 
bel's assembled for public worship, supreme act of the liturgy, the 
is liturgy. celebration of Mass. To be liturgy, 

Not all publi c worship is liturgy. 
It must be official as well as public 
to be cl asse d technically as liturgy. 
There are many popular devotions , 
sanctioned by the Church, to some 
extent even regulated by her, which 

a function must be not only public 
or popular, not merely sanctioned 
by the Church, but it must be part 
of her official ceremonial, an obli-
gatory observance, found in her 
official service-books,-the Missal, 
the Ritual, and the Breviary, to 

are not considered as part of the 
mention only the most important 

liturgy, because they are not pre-
ones. 

scribed by the Church and are not 
to be found in her official service For the purposes of these talks, 
books. For example, the Devotion we must assume the existence of a 
of the Three Hours, which crowds Church and its commission to con-
our churches on Good Friday, is tinue the work of Christ on earth 
not liturgical, while the morning and h ence to regulate the official 
function of that day which con- public worship of God, which is to 
cludes with the Mass of the Pre- be unde rstood by liturgy. In the 
Sanctified, is prescribed as the lit- course of age-long development, the 
urgy of Good F r iday. The Holy ritual of the Church has acquired a 
Hour of Adoration of the Blessed technique which regulates its min-
Sacrament, which has such a pop- utest details. Catholic ceremonial 
ular appeal for Catholics, is much worship is often criticized and, in 
encouraged by the Church but no- defence of a more austere cult, the 
where prescribed as is, for insta nce, Scriptural verse is quoted that we 
the Procession of the Blessed Sac- should worship God in spirit and in 
rament on Corpus Christi. Even so truth. A purely intellectual cult of 
favored and so beloved of the peo- God without external forms would 
,Ie as is the Way of the Cross, be indeed a worship of Him in 
r ichly indul genced by the Church, spirit but it would not be a worship 
it is still strictly speaking not part of Him in truth. It would not be 
of her liturgy. We could imagine true to man's nature. We are men 
a Catholic Church without Stations and not angels. We are composed of 
of the Cross, though it would be an body as well as soul, of matter as 
oddity, but we could not imagine well as spirit. Consequently, the 



6 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

body with its senses, and not alone prayer is recited, no action is per-
the soul with its faculties, should formed, no garment or utensil is 
render homage to the Creator. The employed, but is deep with mean-
whole man. body and soul, is con- ing and consecrated by the usage 
cerned ~.. <'eligious worship. The of ages. Some of our ceremonies 
material part of man is the instru- come from the example and precept 
ment of the soul to express the ac- of Jesus Christ Himself. Some are 
tivities of the soul. This is true taken direct from the pages of Holy 
in all departments of human life. Writ. Some were in use in the 
We are not content, for example, Church of the Catacombs. All have 
with thinking well of our neighbor. the patina resulting from centur-
We must give visible expression to ies of use. It is true that we are 
our good thoughts of him. We not always able to account for the 
manifest our love or our friendship origin of every detail of liturgical 
by a tender embrace or a firm clasp practice. The beginnings of some 
of the hands. We show our sym- observances are lost in the mists of 
pathy with the bereaved or our antiquity and scholars differ as to 
memory of the dead by certain con- their historical genesis and their 
ventional signs, by sending mes- spiritual meaning. For the liturgy 
sages and flowers, by wearing is not to be pictured as a mathema-
mourning clothes. As there have tical table, like a table of natural 
been developed certain conventions sines and cosines, calculated once 
in our intercourse with our fellows, for all time. It is a living thing, 
so has the Church developed a cere- the slow evolution of nineteen hun-
monial expression of man's reli- dred years, gradually developing in 
gious thoughts and feelings in the accord with its varying environ-
official, liturgical worship of God. ment. The liturgy does not re-

semble a geometrical figure whose 
The result has been an artistic 

members show exact proportions, 
expression of divine worship. Some-

but rather a tree whose branches 
one has defined the function of art 

are symmetrical without being 
to be the union of the soul of mean-

mathematically balanced. A new 
ing to the body of expression. The 
Church has summoned poetry and house will show a well-defined plan, 
music, architecture and symbo- an harmonious grouping of its 
lism, painting and sculpture, pag- rooms, up-to-date conveniences, 
eantry and costume, to contribute useful arrangements, which are the 
each its share in the artistic de- resultant of years of experiment . . 
velonment of the liturgy. No But an old mansion will not display 



WHY SHOULD WE HAVE LITURGY '1 

such order. It will show additions are draped with ivy of medieval 
and destructions. There will be growth. "No jutty, frieze, buttress, 
floors on different levels and win- nor coign of vantage" but is elo-
dows and doors walled up or no quent with symbolic meaning. Such 
longer used. There will be rambling is the castle, centuries old even 
passages to connect old parts with when Columbus sailed across the 
new and modern appliances tacked Atlantic, raised by Popes and Pat-
on out of harmony with the original riarchs and Bishops, as the impos-
plan. Just such an old mansion is ing structure of the liturgy of the 
the liturgy of the Church. Portions Church. 
of it are as ancient as Christianity. 
Wings have been added in the 
course of centuries. Old sections 

CATHOLIC HOUR PRAYER 

IN TIME OF WAR 
have been renovated or torn down . 

(Adapted from Cardinal Newman) 
No new parts have been built for 
ages though there are constant o Lord Jesus Christ, Who in Thy 
minor alterations, represented, for mercy hearest the prayers of sin-
instance, by new Masses in the ners, pour forth, we beseech Thee, 
Missal · and new offices in the Brev- all grace and blessing upon our 
iary as new saints are added to the country and its citizens. We pray 
calendar of the canonized servants in particular for the President-
of God. In the talks which are to for our Congress-for all our sol-
follow, · we shall inspect briefly diers-for all who defend us in 
some of the principal halls of this ships, whether on the seas or in 
venerable castle. Its corner-stone the skies-for all who are suffering 
was laid by Jesus Christ Himself. the hardships of war. We pray for 
Its foundations were dug by His all who are in peril or in danger. 
Apostles. Its ground-plan was de- Bring us all aft'er the troubles of 
signed by the early Christians be- this life into . the haven of peace, 
fore they emerged from the Cata- and reunite us all together forever, 
combs. Its main portion dates from 0 dear Lord, in Thy glorious heav-
the late Roman Empire. Its walls enly kingdom. 



THE SUPREME ACT OF THE LITURGY 
Address delivered on .June 14, 1942 

In the happy times before pan- eye of faith . It is no unusual per-
zer units ploughed the ground and formance, restricted to ten-year 
the Luftwaffe darkened the air, intervals, but part of the Catho-
tens of thousands used to journey lic's ordinary religious experience. 
from all quarters of the globe, Yet it exceeds the Passion Play of 
every ten years, to the little town Oberammergau as the substance 
of Oberammergau, in Bavaria, to does its shadow, as the reality does 
witness the production of the Pas- its representation. The Mass, 
sion Play. The Passion Play is a dramatic in its form, is the real 
pictorial representation of the life Passion Play, the authentic Pas-
and especially of the passion and sion Play, as commanded by our 
death of our Lord. It is produced Lord Himself when He said at the 
with religious fervor by its actors, Last Supper, after He had conse-
the men and women and children crated the bread and the wine in-
of Oberammergau, and few are the to His Body and Blood, "Do this 
spectators who are not thrilled by for a commemoration of me" 
its scenes . Yet, after all, the Pas- (Luke 22:19), so that St. Paul 
sion Play is only a play, only a could write to his converts at Cor-
theatrical representation of what inth: "As often as you shall eat 
it commemorates. But there is a this bread, and drink the chalice, 
memorial of the passion and death you shall shew the death of the 
of Jesus Christ which is something Lord, until he come" (I Cor. 11: 
more than a play, which is the of- 25). Every time that Mass is cele-
ficial commemoration of the events 
of the original Holy Thursday and 
Good Friday, official because com-
manded by Him who suffered the 
cruel passion and died the ignom-

brated in imitation of the example 
and in obedience to the command 
of Jesus Christ, so often is appre-
ciative commemoration made of 
the passion and death of our Lord 

inious death. It is no mere play, precisely as 

depending for its effect largely up- that such 

He Himself wished 
commemoration be 

on acting and stagecraft and the made. 

unusual time and place of its pro- To a non-Catholic attending 
duction. Its appeal is solely to the Mass for the first time it must 



THE SUPREME ACT OF THE LITURGY 9 

seem a bewildering succession of priest at the foot of ' the altar, and 
involved ceremonies. It will be dif- the later ones which are known as 
ficult to convey a clear picture of the collects . There are hymns, like 
the Mass to those listeners in our the I ntroit, or entrance anthem, 
radio audience who are unfamiliar an d the Gloria in exce lsis D eo, 
with its intricate ritual. Yet to "Glory be to God in the highest," 
the well-instructed this supreme which is a development of the 
act of the Catholic liturgy has a h ymn sung by the angels at the 
logical sequence of prayers and birth of Christ in Bethlehem. The 
ceremonies and a convincing rea- select ions from Scripture, in the 
son for everything th at is said first half of the Mass, are chiefly 
and done . the Epistle and the Gospel. This 

The Mass is divided into two preparatory portion of the Mass 
parts, a preparatory portion and concludes with the recitation of the 
the Mass proper. In this latter, Creed. 
our Lord's command is fulfilled to When we come to the second half 
repeat what He did at the Last of the Mass, the Mass proper, its 
Supper. Christ took bread and three salient divisions-Offertory, 
wine and so the priest takes bread Consecration, and Communion- are 
and wine, and offers them to God . ela borations of the order followed 
This is called the Offertory. Our by Jesus Christ at the first of all 
Lord consecrated the bread and Masses at the Last Supper. During 
wine into His Body and Blood and the Offerto ry section, the bread is 
so in Mass we have the Consecra- offered to God, wine and water are 
tion of the bread and wine by the poured into the chalice and it too 
priest. Christ gave to His Apos- is offered . There is a ceremonial 
tIes to eat and to drink of the con- washing of the priest's hands. The 
secrated bread and wine, whence p eople are invited to join their 
we have the distribution of Holy prayers to those of the celebrant 
Communion. Offertory, Consecra- as he turns to them with the 
.tion, and Communion make up the words, Orate fratres: " Pray, breth-
:second and more solemn half of ren, that your sacrifice and mine 
;the Mass. may be acceptable in the eyes of 

The preparatory half is made up the Almighty." The offertory sec-
of prayers and hymns and selec- tion of the Mass concludes with 
tions from Holy Scripture. There prayers which beg for the divine 
are prayers, like the introductory acceptance of the sacrifice which 
~nes which are recited by the is about to be offered. 



10 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

Passing to t he Consecration sec- The priest then receives Holy 
t ion, which is the very solemn Communion both under the form of 
part of the Mass, we begin with bread and under that of wine, but 
an introductory prayer, appropri- Holy Communion is distributed to 
at ely called the Preface, which con- the congregation only under the 
cludes with the triple Sanctus, form of bread. The people, how-
"Holy, Holy, Holy." There follow ever, in receiving only the Host, 
pr ayers for the living and prayers do not receive less of the Body and 
a sking the intercession of the Blood of Christ than does the 
saints and begging for God's ac- priest. The Host, indeed, is de-
ceptance of the Mass. This leads finitely consecrated into Christ's 
to the dramatic moment of the Body; but where that Body is we 
Consecration itself where, in obedi- have also His Blood and His soul 
ence to the command of Christ and and His Divinity and all that is 
in virtue of the power conveyed in Christ's. The Mass concludes 
ordination to priests, the bread and with a brief service of thanksgiv-
wine become the Body and Blood ing, ending with a final blessing 
of J esus Christ. First the conse- and the Last Gospel, which is us-
crated Host, and then the chalice, ually the beginning of St. John's 
is raised to be seen and venerated Gospel. 
by all present. A series of three Such is', in very summary out-
prayers leads to the memento for line, the Catholic Mass of today, 
the dead who are to be mentioned the liturgical Passion Play, which 
in the Mass. Another intercession is the dramatic fulfillment of the 
of saints and the Canon, as this divine precept to renew the Last 
Consecration section of the Mass Supper, "Do this for a commemor-
is termed, is over. ation of me" (Luke 22 :19). This 

The Pater Noster, the "Our is the Mass, the permanent mem-
Father," is now said and the Com- orial of the death of the Lord, in 
munion section of the Mass begins. the already-quoted words of St. 
The particle of consecrated bread, Paul: "As often as you shall eat 
called the Host, is divided into this bread, and drink the chalice, 
three pieces, a s our Lord broke you shall shew the death of the 
the bread at the Last Supper. Lord, until he come" (l Cor. 11: 
Thrice we call upon the Lamb of 26). This brief synopsis has per-
God, the Agnus Dei, beseeching His haps been rather confusing to those 
divine mercy and begging for that of our listeners, 40 whom the ordel!' 
pe~ce whi<;h the world cannot give. of the Mass i~ ll_Q~ W,lt~t.e\ q~ ~Qm-



THE SUPREME ACT OF THE LITURGY 11 

. mon experience, or even to those 
Catholics who are accustomed to 
follow the rapid tempo of its ela-
borate ritual with the prayerbook 
before them. So, let us repeat, the 
Mass consists of two parts, an in-
troductory half, made up of pray-
ers and hymns and Scripture selec-
tions, and a second half, which is 
a development of the three chief 
actions performed by Jesus Christ 
at the Last Supper, represented by 
our Offertory, Consecration, and 
Communion. The whole concludes 
with a short service of thanksgiv-
ing. 

The evolution of the elements of 
the preparatory half of the Mass 

prayers known as collects are of 
very early origin and some of them 
are taken verbatim from our ear-
liest service books. The Scripture 
readings, the Epistle and the Gos-
pel, are naturally the most ancient 
portions of the Mass, going back 
to Apostolic times. Passing to the 
second half of the Mass, the mul-
tiplied rites and prayers incident 
to the Offertory are largely medie-
val elaborations of the primitive 
simple ceremony of taking the 
bread and wine and setting them 
apart for consecration. The Can-
on, from its Preface to the Pater 
Noster-the "Our Father"-repre-
sents our oldest text, found word 

and the elaboration of the funda- for word as it is recited today, 
mental liturgy of the Last Supper in the most ancient of our Mass-
into the complex ceremonial and books, or Sacramentaries. The 
the multiplied prayers of the sec- Communion of the people in early 
ond half of the Mass, form the in- times soon became a long and com-
teresting subject of the history of plicated ceremony, especially dur-
liturgy. Not all portions of our ing those centuries when every 
Mass are of equal antiquity for member of the congregation re-
they are the resultant of the slow ceived Holy Communion, communi-
and not always symmetrical growth cated under both forms, of bread 
of centuries. For example, the and wine, and always received a 
prayers at the foot of the altar, portion of the Host broken off from 
with which Mass begins, are the another Host, in literal imitation 
most recent adrlition to its text, as of the action at the Last Supper 
they have been of obligation only where our Lord broke the bread 
since 1570. The Introit, on the to give to the Apostles in Holy 
other hand, originally a proces- Communion. The Last Gospel is, 
sional hymn, a psalm chanted as like the introductory prayers, an-
the officiants entered the church, other late addition to the Mass 
dates from the fifth century. The since it, too, did not become of 



12 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

obligation unt il 1570, with the bolically g iven to God by being 
publication of the standard Missal slain, its blood sprinkled on the 
of Pope Pius V. Thus the Mass altar, which r epresented Divinity, 
begins and ends with its most wh ile portions would be burnt on 
modern additions. the altar or roasted to be eaten 

The Mass, however, must not be by the offerers of the sacrifice . 
considered simply as a seri es of These sacrifices of the Old Law 
prayers and ceremonies, some of passed into desuetude because they 
them sanctified as of divine ori- were replaced by the one great 
gin, some of Scriptural warrant, sacrifice of the New Law, that of-
and all sacred with the tradition fered by Jesu s Christ, when as 
of centuries, for the Mass is that both priest and victim, He was 
s upreme act of divine worship crucified on Mount Calvary, the al-
which is called a sacrifice . Time tar being the frame of the Cross 
does not permit nor do es the pur- a nd the sacrificial change of the 
pose of these addresses requ ire that victim nothing less than the death 
we attempt an elaborate explana- of the God-made-man. The cruel 
tion of the notion of sacrifice or and bloody sacri fice which was of-
enter into the intricate theological fered by Christ when He died on 
question of the realization of the Golgotha w a s in prospect at the 
idea of sacrifice in the celebration Last Supper when our Lord offered 
of Mass . Suffice it to say that the sacrifice in the consecration of the 
accepted definition of sacrifice is bread and the wine, as it is in 
that it means the official offering retrospect wh en the same Savior, 
to God, and to Him alone, of some act ing through His human priest, 
tang ible object by destroy ing or at every Mass which is celebrated, 
changing it in some way as a sym- again changes bread into the Body 
bol of the worship due to God, thus which was delivered for us and 
presenting it to Him in r ecogn i- wine into the Blood which was 
tion of His ownership of all things 

sh ed for us. The Mass, as was the 
of His creation. The defin ition is 

Last Supper, is Calvary in a pain-
best underst ood by considering 
sacrifice under t he Old Testament. less and bloodless sacrifice, divest-
An ancient Hebrew would pay hi s ed of the horrors of Good Friday. 
sacrificial worship to God by pre- Only the mystic n a ils of consecra-
senting in the temple an animal, tion are driven into the Body of 
such as a sheep or a goat, of his Christ, a nd the Blood which cov-
flock. The victim would be sym- ered the dying Saviour on the 



THE SUPREME ACT OF THE LITURGY 13 

Cross only mystically and sacra- two elements sacramentally sym-
mentally flows at the Mass in the bolizing the actual separation of 
dramatic separate consecration of the Body and Blood of Christ in 
bread and wine. At the Last Sup- His death on the Cross. When, 
per our Lord said "This is my therefore, we Catholics assemble 
body, whi ch is given for you" and in the church to hear Mass, we 
"This is the chalice, the new tes- come not only to participate in a 
tament in my blood, which shall be religious function of historic anti-
shed for you" (Luke 22:19, 20), quity and of dramatic significance, 
and His omnipotent power effected but to take part in the offering of 
that which His words expressed. a sacrifice, the supreme act of re-
So also the priest at Mass, in com- ligion, one entirely worthy of the 
pliance with Christ's command, GI"eat God to Whom it is offered, 
"Do this for a commemoration of the immolation of the most perfect 
me" (Luke 22 :19), changes bread of victill).s by the High Priest par 
into the Body given for us and excellence, in botlf cases, Jesus 
wine into the Blood shed for us, Christ Himself. 
the separate consecration of the Prayer in Time of War 



LAY PARTICIPATION IN THE LITURGY 
Address delivered on June 21, 1942 

There is in the Church at the the altar-boys and the choristers 
present day a liturgical movement, players of the lesser roles, the 
which has for its object emphasis members of the congregation are 
on lay participation in the official, not mere audience but actors, 
public worship of the Church. This though their parts are of a less 
should not be understood as any-
thing revolutionary. It does not 
contemplate the destruction of the 

active character. 
The idea of lay participation, as 

visioned by promoters of the litur-
sanctuary rail with the consequent gical movement, is one which rests 
abolition of the distinction between on a firm basis, both theological 
chancel and nave. It does not aim and historical. In the words of St. 
at minimizing the separation of Paull(' we are members of the Mys-
clergy and laity, converting the tical Body, of which Christ is the 
latter into so many altar-boys and Head, each .one of the faithful 
altar-girls. Its purpose is rather having his association with the Di-
one of education which should re- vine Head who is the great High 
suIt in the point of view that the Priest. 
members of the congregation In the phrase of the same Apos-
should not consider themselves as tle .** Christ our Lord is the High 
mere spectators of liturgical func- Priest who alone can pay to God 

. tions but real participants in the the Father, worship which il'! en-
:conduct of official worship. The tirely worthy of the great God 
. .layman is not to take his place Who is adored. Our association in 
!in his pew as one would occupy a the Mystical Body of which Christ 

. ;seat in a theatre, to look at others the High-Priest is the Head, im-
:worship in his name, but rather as parts to each one of us a sacerdotal 
, an actor in the sacred drama of character. Naturally, this is not to 
the liturgy, filling a role, however be understood in the sense that 
inconspicuous, but still a real and there is no essential difference be-
even a speaking part. If we may, tween priest and layman. The 
with due reverence, compare the 
Mass to a sacred drama, in which 
Bishops and priests are the protag-
onists and the minor clergy and 

former is not only one who has 
been selected and trained for th~ 

* I Cor. 12 :27. 
** Hebr. 5:4. 



LAY PARTICIPATION IN THE LITURGY 15 

exercise of the functions of the present responded Amen at the 
liturgy but one who has been ' en- end of what we should now call 
dowed by the laying on of hands the Canon of the Mass. When 
in ordination with powers not com- chanting was to be done, it was 
municated to the faithful general- originally in the form of congre-
ly. The sacramental character im- gational singing, until the music 
pressed on the soul in Holy Orders became too difficult for those not 
is something quite peculiar to those specially trained to sing it. The 
who are ordained Bishops and Offertory at Mass took the form 
priests and lesser ministers in the of a procession of the faithful, 
Church of God. Nevertheless, the bearing gifts to the altar, includ-
sacramental character stamped on ing the bread and wine to be con-
the soul in Baptism and that with secrated at Mass. The Pax, or 
which it is sealed in Confirmation Kiss of Peace, was exchanged 
are to be regarded as giving the among the members of the con-
individual baptized and confirmed gregation as it is to-day by the 
a participation in the priesthood of clergy assisting in the sanctuary 
Jesus Christ, so that each one of at High Mass. Holy Communion 
the faithful has his share in the was a general communion at every 
exercise of this priesthood when he Mass, every member of the congre-
comes to the church to assist at gation receiving, so that attend-
Mass or other liturgical services. ance at Mass without participation 

in Holy Communion was a thing 
In centuries past the part play- unthought of. 

ed by the congregation was much 
more co'nspicuous than it is today Theologically, therefore, and his-
and much more active than even torically, active lay participation 
the most zealous promotors of the in liturgical worship rests on a 
liturgical movement would have sound basis. As time went on, 
revived. In very early times, be- various instances of the coopera-
fore there were regularly ordained tion . of the faithful passed pne by 
lectors, or readers, members of the one into disuse. Their concert-
congregation would be designated ed responses to the prayers became 
by the Bishop to read the selec- less frequent. Congregational 
tions from Holy Scripture at Mass. chant became the province of a 
There was much answering by the selected group of choristers. The 
faithful, as St. Justin Martyr offertory procession declined from 
(Second Century) tells how all the regular procedure to an ob-



16 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

servance eight times a year, then As a consequence the Missal for 
only four t imes, until it finally dis- the Laity is replacing the beads 
appeared a lto gether. The Pax lin- and the "Key of Heaven" in the 
gere d in certain localities and at hands of the faithful, as they as-
last became restricted to the sanc- sist at Mass. They learn first to 
tuary. Holy Communion grew so read the invariable portions of the 
infrequent that a Council of the Ordinary of the Mass, thus pray-
thirteenth century had to pass a ing the Mass with the priest, rath-
decree requiring Holy Commun ion er than reciting other prayers, 
at least once a year under pain of however devotional, which have no 
excommunication. Losing the ex- direct bearing on the funct ion 
ercise of these active bits of par- which they are attending. The 
ticipation in the liturgy, the faith- next stage is their progress to a 
ful lost their appreciation of the Missal in some simplified form 
theological basis on which they (like th at' of the leaflets, compiled 
. rested, and the mentali ty of the to cover the particlar Mass which 
congregation became that of ob- is b ein g said), or the Sunday Mis-
servers of, rather than participants sal, which avoids most of the ' com-
in, the sacred liturgy. plexities arising from the constant 

conflict between the ever varying 
The liturgical movement, th ere- Sundays and the feasts permanent-

fore, contemplates a campa i gn of ly fixed to days of the month. The 
education, destined to awaken in final step in the educational pro-
the laity a liturgical sense, by in - gress is the use of the Mass-book 
structing them concerning the itself, many of the laity master-
Mass and their real share in the ing its intricacies so that they use 
offering of it, with the r esult that it with a degree of skill which 
they will be able to follow the lit - would do credit to seminarians in 
urgy with the Missal and, taking a major orders. 
step still further, be able to take 
part by making the responses at 
Low Mass and joining in the chant 
at High Mass . The children in our 

So far, we have only education, 
the understanding of the Mass and 
the abil ity to follow it. The intel-

schools, the young people in our ligent rea ding of the Missal with 
academies and colleges, and adults the priest is participation of a sort, 
in study clubs and similar organ- but much more active cooperation 
izations, are following courses in on the part of the laity is being 
the public worship of the Church. sought and, to a great · extent, 



LAY PARTICIPATION IN THE LITURGY 17 

found, by the promotors of the lit- lay participation in High Mass, the 
urgical movement. The results only difficulties are the very prac-
ach ieved are the Dialogue Mass in tical ones incident to con gregation-
the case of Low Mass, and the sing- al singing . Much is being done in 
ing of the official chant at High thi s connection with the children 
Mass. The Dialogue Mass may be of our schools whose training is 
described as a Low Mass at which widespread in the execution of 
the members - of the con gregation. plain chant and of the easier lit-
r ecite in concert the responses us- urgical Masses, especially when 
ually m ade by the altar-boy and, in sung in unison. At Hi gh Mass, no 
addition, say together certain congregation can be so ungifted 
prayers with the priest, especially musically as to be unable to man-
those ordinarily sung by the choir age the choral responses, Amen, 
at High Mass. It must be admitted Et cum spiritu tuo, Deo gratias, 
that there are objections to the and the others. Not a high degree 
general adoption of this practice. of skill sh ould be r equ ired to equip 
The Church r equ ires for the law- the congregation to sing the in-
ful conduct of the Dialogue Mass variable chants of the Mass, along 
that it be permitted by the local with, or alternately with, the choir. 
B ishop and that the congregation The specially trained choristers 
do not recite aloud any portions of would continue to chant the vari-
th e Mass which the pr iest recites able parts of the Mass; as well as 
in secret. It would be, obvio usly, its more elaborate chants. So 
incongruous for the people to de- whether at Low Mass or at High 
claim the Canon of the Mass, for Mass, the attendants are no longer 
example, which the rubrics require silent passive spectators, but vocal, 
the celebrant to say in a whisper. active par ticipants in the liturgical 
On the other h and, there is noth- homage paid to the Most High 
ing indeco r ous in concerted an - jointly by His pri est a t the altar 
swering by the congregation of the and the non-ordained members of 
respo n ses usually made in its name t he Myst ical Body of Christ in the 
by the server, nor in the recitation congregation, all actively united in 
alou d by priest and people together communal worship. 
of certain portions, like those which 
are s ung by ' t h e choir at High 
Mass. 

In these days of frequent Holy 
Communion, only passing reference 
need be made to that mo st active 

When we come to consider the and conspicuous participation of 



18 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

the laity in the liturgy, which is faithful was the rule. It was an 
represented by the reception of indispensable element in the assist-
Holy Communion at Mass. Empha- ance of the early Christians at 
sis, however, should be placed on Mass. It remained for later times 
the propriety of receiving Holy to conceive of attendance at Mass 
Communion during Mass, at the without reception of Holy Com-
proper time, after the Communion munion. Even now, with our fre-
of the priest, as the chief feature ~uent and daily Communion, there 
of lay association with the Holy is not sufficiently inculcated the 
SaGrifice. Hence Communion out- idea of the reception of Holy Com-
side of Mass, or immediately be- munion as an active participation 
fore or immediately after Mass, in the Sacrifice of the Mass, not 
should be the exception rather than to be lightly divorced from it by 
the rule. Holy Communion is the the distribution of Holy Commun-
highest and most intimate form of ion at times other than that imme-
cooperation of the faithful at Mass. diately following the Communion 
The Mass is a sacrifice which re- of the celebrant. 
suIts in a Sacrament. The priest 
alone can offer the sacrifice but The liturgical movement offers 
priest and 'people together partici- to the laity these forms of partici-
pate in the Sacrament, which is ef- pation in the sacred liturgy as a 
fected by the sacerdotal action of privilege, which all may enjoy but 
the consecrating priest. This Holy which none are obliged to exercise. 

Sacrament is an integral part of 
the Sacrifice. The people are not 
co-consecrators with the celebrat-
ing priest but they are co-partici-
pants in the Eucharistic Sacrifice 
by the reception of Holy Commun-

There are those who are content 
with things as they are, who would 
be only disturbed by forms of ac-
tive participation as a substitute 
for the private prayers to which 
they have been long accustomed. 
There are many others, however, 

ion along with the priest. The lay who feel that under the old condi-
cooperation here is as active as tions they received only a fraction 
was that of the Apostles at the of the benefit which they should de-
first of all Masses, offered by the rive from attendance at the supreme 
great High Priest Himself at the act of Christian worship. Teach-
Last Supper in the upper chamber ing the people to follow the Mass 
in Jerusalem. In the primitive intelligently, Missal in hand; al-
Church, general Communion of the lowing them, within proper limits, 



LAY PARTICIPATION IN THE LITURGY 19 

the active participation of the Dia- but nevertheless bringing to the 
logue Low Mass and the congrega- man in the pew a realization of his 
tionally-sung High Mass; empha- active association with the priest 
sizing the intimate connection be- at the altar, in accord with the 
tween assistance at Mass and the prayer of the celebrant at the Or-
reception of Holy Communion- ate fratres: "Pray, brethren, that 
here we have a three-fold system my sacrifice and yours may be ac-
of lay cooperation-positive, com- ceptable in the sight of God, the 
parative, and superlative--quite in Father Almighty." 
accord with present ecclesiastical 
law, involving no radical changes, Prayer in Time of War 



ORIENTAL RITES IN THE LITURGY 
Address delivered on June 28, 1942 

In the Catholic Hour for the Protestant Churches of Western 
past three Sundays, ~e h ave been Christianity. 

studying the liturgy of the Church How this came about historically 
in the familiar form in which may be stated thus: There was 01'-
Catholics see it carried out Sunday ig inally some very simple ceremony 
after Sunday. When we learn in employed for the celebration of 
Catholic quiz programmes of the Mass. This rite crystallized into 
"Believe it or not" variety, that various forms according to the 
the Mass is celebrated not only in local conditions where it was prac-
Latin but in nine or ten other dif- ticed. Some features were elabor-
ferent languages, we must not ated in one place and not develop-
picture the Mass to which we ed in others. Slight re-arrange-
are accustomed, m erely celebrated ments of the original order were 
in a tongue other than Latin. made, prayer's lengthy or abbrevia-
Not only is the language different, ted varied in different parts of 
but the entire rite-the ceremonial, Ch ri stendom. The development of 
the vestments, the prayers-is dif- the r ather vag ue primitive rite cen-
ferent. While the liturgy of the t ered ·abo ut the three great patri-
Church throughout the world is archates, Rome, Alexandria, and 
very predominantly the Latin rite Antioch, which became the parent 
of familiar religious experience, stems of many branches of litur-
there are other rites in the Church. gical worship. Out of Antioch grew 
There is what is loosely termed the the Patriarchate of Con stantinople 
Greek rite. There are the Armen- when th at city became the sea t of 
ian Rite, the Syriac Rite, and the the Roman Emperor, and from 
Chaldean Rite, to mention only a Constant inopl e a rose the most-
few. All those who practice these widely practiced of Easterll Lit-
rites profess the same faith and urg ies. The h eresies of the fifth 
acknowledge the jurisdiction of century lost to the Church many 
the Pope; that is, all those among Ch ri stians in Asia Minor and 
the Catholics of the Near East, 

Egypt, in Syria and modern Iraq, who are called Uniates, united with 
who carried th eir liturgy with Rome-for there are also the so-
th em into h er esy. In the ninth cen-called Orthodox E astern Churches, 

as disunited from Rome as are the tury, when the great Church of 



ORIENTAL RITES IN THE LITURGY 21 

Constantinople severed its bonds and now in rap id tempo, now in 
with Rome-and with it the bulk of animated form and now in mourn-
Christ ia ns of the Eastern Empire fu l guise, now in t h e a ustere n atu-
- t he Byzantine Liturgy became a ral scale an d n ow in colorful chro-
schi smatic form of worship. In the matics. F or th e n ovice in music, 
Near East, both in the fo u rth cen- it is often hard t o recognize the 
t ury and t h e ninth century, some 0riginal t h em e as it p asse s through 
remained fa ithful to the Pope ; successive vari ations. It is only 
and s ince then many have been re- the trained m usicia n who ca n di s-
cei ved into unity with the Holy cern it by certain caden ces, certain 
See. It is these who are called the patterns in the phrases, no matter 
Uniate Eastern Catholics, un ited how elaborately it is involved in 
w it h Ro me in the profession of t h e t h e developm ent. Ju st so, there is, 
same fa it h but allowed to retain all a fu n dament al theme in the Mas s, 
their ancien t custom s as to wor- an in evitable p attern of introduc-. 
ship, prayers, and ceremoni al, lit - tory service and Mass proper, an 
urgical la n guage and eccles iastical essent ial sequ en ce of Offertory, 
music. These Un iates are all Cath- Consecration , and Communion, 
olics, as m uch so as the members which remain con stant through alII 
of t h e Ch urch in Rome or New the variations of r ites, Latin and 
York, but t hey follow a different Eastern, Gr eek and Armenian, 
ritual and use a different language Coptic and Syrian. 
at t h e altar. Basically the liturgy Now, wh o a r e these Uniate Cath-
is the same. Th e essenti al elements olics of the E ast ern rites ? It is 
are identical in the Roman R ite beyond the purpose of th ese talks 
and in a nyone of t h e Eastern to go into t he· det a iled divisions 
rites . But externally they look very and complex s ubdivisio ns of these 
different and a Cath olic of the bodi es of Cathol ics of the Near 
Latin r ite would have difficulty i n East. Best known a nd m ost num-
follow ing t h e service in a Un i ate erous in Chr ist endom , a s well as 
Catholic Ch urch . This difficu lty in t h e United St at es, is what is 
may be compared to that which is inaccurat ely called the Greek 
foun d in t he style of musical com- Ch urch. By the Uni ate Greek 
posit ion known as a t h eme and Ch urch we m ean tho se Ca tholic 
variations. Here a musical phrase groups wh o use the rite attributed 
is stated and then subjected to a to St. Joh n Chrysost om, who w a s 
number of t ranspositions and em- Bishop of Const a n t inople in the 
bro ideries, appearing now in slow fourth century. Thi s rite is not al-



22 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

ways celebrated in Greek; indeed, same origin, distinguished by the 
in this country it is only excep- fact that all Maronites are Uniates, 
tionally so, for here the more us- there being none who are schisma-
ual langauge is the ancient Slav- tics, none who are not in commun-
onic. Retaining, for convenience, ion with Rome. Churches of both 
the unscientific name of Greek these rites are to be found in this 
Church for the various Catholics of country, though they are much 
this rite, we may say that it em- fewer in number than those of 
braces the Ruthenians of the Uni- the Ruthenians . Again, there is 
ted States, who number over half the ancient church of Egypt, de-
a million, and are governed by two vel oped under the aegis of the Pa-
Bishops. The liturgical language triarch of Alexandria, known as 
is archaic Slavonic and the ritual the Coptic Church, most of whose 
is that of the Greek rite, the same members are not in communion 
as that of the orthodox Greek with Rome but of whom there is 
Church of Constantinople and Ath- a small body of Uniates. We may 
ens, and of the national church of mention here also the church of 
Russia under the Czars. The obe- Ethiopia or Abyssinia, in which 
dience however is that of submis- the Uniate percentage is a mere 
sion to the See of Rome. Next, we trace. Lastly, reference should be 
have the Armenian Uniates, Catho- made to the Chaldean Catholics, of 
lics originally, from the district ancient Mesopotamia. This very 
between the Black Sea and the summary and perhaps confusing 
Caspian, following a rite really not classification of Catholics of non-
very different from the Greek lit- Roman rites, whose members ac-
urgy, since both grew up under knowledge the authority of Rome 
the patriarchate of Antioch; but -the Greek Church and the Ar-
their language is Armenian. The men ian Uniates, the Syrians and 
adherents of this rite in the Uni- the Maronites, the Coptics and the 
ted States are much less numerous Chaldeans-while by no means ex-
than those of the Ruthenian Greek haustive, will suffice to give us a 
Church and they have not the ec- picture of Catholics practicing 
clesiastical organization of the lat- forms of liturgy basically identical 
ter. A third group of Eastern with our own, but peculiar in their 
Catholics is represented by the Sy- varying vestments, the texts of 
rians, another flowering of the Pa- their prayers, their ceremonial, and 
triarchate of Antioch, and a fourth their language. 
is the Maronite Church, of the If we may select certain charac-



ORIENTAL RITES IN THE LITURGY 23 

teristics which in general distin- The chant of the liturgy has 
guish Eastern liturgies from the that plaintive character and that 
Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic abundance of cadenzas which we 
Church, we should mention, first associate with Oriental music, as 
of all, the length of the prayers. distinguished from the greater re-
The Oriental rites know no such straint of our Gregorian chant. 
streamlined services as allow Mass There are two very dramatic mo-
every hour on the hour in our city ments in the Oriental Mass: the 
churches. Secondly, there is great- Little Entrance and the Great En-
er elaboration of ritual than in our trance. The former is the proces-
rite. The Roman Mass to an Orien- sion in which the Book of Gospels 
tal seems austere and "Low is carried about the church before 
Church." There are more multi- being placed on the altar, previous 
plied signs of the cross, more re- to the chanting of the lessons from 
pea ted bows and inclinations, Sacred Scripture. The second is 
though generally no bending of an even more elaborate procession, 
t he knee, more complex gestures of which escorts the sacred elements 
all kinds, much freer use of in- for consecration, the bread carried 
cense, and a much more detailed by the deacon and the chalice by 
technique in preparing and hand- the celebrant, accompanied by in-
ling the bread and wine destined cense and lights and ceremonial 
f or consecration. The vestments fans, proceeding from the altar at 
a re more gorgeous and less form- the left to the high altar at which 
fitting. The arrrangements of sanc- the Mass is being celebrated. On 
t uary and alta r, though differing the other hand, the consecration it-
f rom ours more in design than in self is not nearly so dramatic as 
essence, departs from that with with us. It might well pass un-
which we are familiar. Ordinary noticed by the uninstructed observ-
leavened bread and not the unleav- er, while in the Latin Mass, the 
ened bread of our use is as a rule silence, the tinkling bell, and the 
the material for consecration in the elevation of the Host and chalice 
E astern Church. The bread is cut would impress the most casual at-
into little cubes for Holy Com- tendant that something of great 
munion. The laity receive both un-
der the form of bread and under 
t he form of wine, in some cases by 
dipping the Host in the chalice, as 
with the Greeks. 

importance is transpiring. 
This generalization of the signif-

icant features of Oriental rites 
must not convey the impression 
that they are all very similar one 



24 THE LITURGY AND THE LAITY 

to the other, for each one has its old use as our own. We are all 
distinctive characteristics. The fellow-citizens of the one great 
Maronite rite, for instance, has kingdom of God on earth. We are 
been very much Romanized and all paying to God the homage of 
appears much more like our litur- worship, of official, liturgical wor-
gy than it really is. On the other ship, differing in expression but 
hand, the coptic Liturgy, though agreeing in essence. The hands 
exhibiting most of the features may be the hands of Esau but the 
which we have named as peculiar voice is always the voice of Jacob. 

Liturgy has been defined as the 
the most unusual, the most Orien-

official public worship of the 
tal, of all. The various Uniate 

to Eastern rites, would seem to us 

Churches are not in communion 
Church . This worship is no less 
official, no less liturgical, when 
conducted according to the rite of 
the Greek Church or the Armenian 

with one another but they are all 
in communion, as we are, with the 
Pope as the vi s ible head of the 

Church, when carried out accord-
Church, Eastern and Western, on 
earth. All 

ing to the ritual of Alexandria or 
are branches joined to 

the main stem, which is Rome. 
They are living branches draw-

Antioch, in Greek or in Slavonic, 
in Coptic or Syriac, than when it is 
carried out in accordance with the 

ing their life by real visible com-
ceremonial of the Church of Rome 

munion from the parent stem and 
and in the Latin language. All 

so from Christ Himself. We must 
not think of Ori€ntal Christians as 
less Catholic than ourselves. They 
are children of the great Patri-
archates of Antioch and of Alex-
andria, as we are children of the 
Patriarchate of Rome, though this 
last has the pirmacy of jurisdic-
tion over all other patriarchates. 
Their rites and their ceremonies, 
their language and their customs, 
have all the same sanctity of age-

Catholics, Roman and Uniate, pro-
fessing the one faith, in obedience 
to the one Bishop of Rome, give 
voice to their official worship, each 
group in its own traditional form. 
Distinct as the fingers in the vari-
ety of their liturgies, they are uni-
ted as the hand in the one faith, 
of which each liturgy is an official 
expression. 

Prayer in Time of War 



THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHOLIC HOUR 
(Extract from the address of the late Patrick Cardinal Hayes 

at the inaugural program of the Catholic Hour in the 
studio of the National Broadcastin g Company, New 
York Cit y, March 2, 1930.) 

Our congratulations and our gratitude are extended to the 
National Council of Catholic Men and its officials, and to all 
who, by their financial support, have made it possible to use 
this offer of the National Broadcasting Company. The heavy 
expense of managing and financing a weekly program, its 
musical numbers, its speakers, the subsequ ent answering of 
inquiries, must be met . •.• 

This radio hour is for all the people of t he United States. 
To our fellow-citizens, in this word of dedication, we wish to 
express a cordial greeting and, indeed, congratulations. For 
this radio hour is one of service to America, which certainly 
will listen in interestedly, and even sympathetically, I am 
sure, to the voice of the ancient Church with its historic 
background of a ll the centuries of the Christian era, and 
with its own notable con tribution to the discovery, explora-
tion, foundation and growth of our glorious country .... 

Thus to voice befo re a vas t public the Catholic Church is 
no lig ht task. Our prayers will be with those who have that 
task in hand. We feel certain that it will have both the 
good will and the good wishes of the great majority of our 
countrymen. Surely, there is no true lover of our Country 
who does not eagerly hope for a less worldly, a less material, 
and a more spiritual standard among our p eople. 

With good will, with kindness and with Christ-like sympa-
thy for all, this work is inaugurated. So may it continue. 
So may it be fulfilled. This word of dedication voices, there-
fore , the hope that this radio hour may serve to make known, 
to explain with the charity of Christ, our faith, which we 
love even as we love Christ Himself. May it serve to make 
better uRderstood that faith as it really is-a light r evealing 
the pathway to h eaven : ; a strength, and a power divine 
through Christ; pardoning ou r sins, elevating, consecrating 
our common every-day duties and joys, bringing not only 
justice but gladness and peace to our searching and ques-
tioning h earts. 



104 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS 
In 41 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii 

Alabama 

Arlzana 

Arkansas 
California 

Colorado 
Connecticut 
District of Columbia 
Florida 

Georgia 

Idaho 

Illinois 
Indiana 

Kansas 
Kentucky 
Louisiana 

Maryland 
Massachusetts 

Michigan 
Minnesota 

Mississippi 
Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 
Nevada 
New Hampshire 
t-Iew Mexico 

Birmingham ........... ............................... WBRC 960 kc 
Mabile ....... ....................... ...................... WA LA 1410 kc 
Phoenix ... ............................................... KTAR 620 kc 
Safford .................................................... KGLU 1450 kc 
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Little Rock ............................................ KARK 920 kc 
Bakersfield .. _ ....................... _ .......... _ ...... KERN 1410 kc 
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Los Angeles ..... .......................•...•........... KECA 790 kc 
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Miami ._ ...... _ ....... _ .. _ ............. ... _ .. _ .... _._ ..... W lOD 610 kc 
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Chicago .. _ .......... ...... _ ...... _ ... _ ........ _ ... . _ ... WMAQ 670 kc 
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New Orleans .......... _ ....... ... _ .................. WSMB* 
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Detroit .. _ .......................... _ ... .. _ .... _ ........... WWJ 
Dul uth-Superior ._ ....................... _ ....... _ .... W EBC 
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Springfield .............................................. KGBX 
Saint Louis ... _ .. _ ... _ .. _ ... _ .. ..................... _ .... KSD * 
Bill ings ......... _ ..... _ ............. _ .......•.•............ KGH L 
Bozeman .......................... _ ..................... KRBM 
Butte .................•............ .......................... KG I R 
Helena ... ................................................. KPFA 
Omaha ............ _ .. _ ......... _ .......................... WOW 
Reno ................................... ..................... KOH 
Manchester ....... _ ...... _ ................. _ .......... _W FEA 
Albuquerque .. _ ... _ .... __ .. _ ... _ .. _ ..... _._ ...... _ ...... KOB 

1350 kc 
1480 kc 
1090 kc 
1030 kc 
1030 kc 
950 kc 

1320 kc 
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1500 kc 
1340 kc 
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1260 kc 
550 kc 
790 kc 

1450 kc 
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590 kc 
630 kc 

1370 kc 
1030 kc 



104 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS 
In 41 States, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii 

New York 

North Corolino 

North Dokota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Rhode Island 
South Carolina 

South Dakota 
Tennessee 

Texas 

Virginia 

Washington 

West Virginia 
Wisconsin 
HAWAII 
Short Wave 

* Delayed Broadcast 

Buffalo ____________ ______ __ ________ __________________ ____ WBEN 930 kc 
N ew Yark ________________ ____ _____________________ _____ WEAF 660 kc 
Schenectady __________ __ _____ ________________________ ___ WGy 810 kc 
Asheville ______________________________________ ___ _____ ____ WISE 1230 kc 
Charlotte _____________________ _______ _____ _____ ________ WSOC* 1240 kc 
Raleigh __ _______________ .. ______________ . _________ _______ WPTF 680 kc 
Winston-Salem ________________________________________ WSJS 600 kc 
Bi sma rck _________ ___ ________ _____ ___________________ __ __ KFyR 550 kc 
Fargo ____ __ ________________________________________ ______ WDAY 970 kc 
Cincinnati _________________ : ____________________________ WSAI 1360 kc 
Cleveland ___ _________ __ _____ _ . _________________________ WTAM 1100 kc 
Columbus ___ . ____ .. _____ ______ _______________________ __ WCOL 1230 kc 
Dayton ____________________ ___ __ _____ ______ _____ _________ WING 1410 kc 
Lima ____ ____ _____ ______ _______ . ___________ ____ __ __________ WLOK 1240 kc 
Springfield __ ____ ___ ___________________________________ WIZE 1340 kc 
Zanesville ___ __ ____ ___________ _____ __________________ ' __ WH IZ 1240 kc 
Oklahoma City __________________ ____ __________________ WKY 930 kc 
Tulsa __ ______ ____ _____ ____________ ___ ________ __ ______ ______ KVOO 1170 kc 

Medford ________ _________________ ____________ ___________ KMED 1440 kc 
Portland ___________ _______________ __________________________ KEX 1190 kc 
Allentown ________________________ ____ ______ _____ _______ WSAN 1470 kc 
Altoona _______________ . ________________ ..... _____________ WFBG 1340 kc 
Johnstawn ________________________ ____ _____________ _____ WJAC 1400 kc 
Philadelphia ___________________________ _________ ________ KyW 1060 kc 
Pittsburgh ____ _____ __ ____ _____________________ __ _____ ___ KDKA 1020 kc 
Reading ______ _____ __ _____ ____ __ ______________________ WRAW 1340 kc 
Wilkes-Barre __________________________________________ WBRE 1340 kc 
Providence __________________________________________ __ WJAR 920 kc 
Charlestan _________ _____ ______ ________________________ WTMA 1250 kc 
Columbio ................................•..•............ WIS 560 kc 
Floren ce ____ ......... ...... __________ ___________ ____ ___ ___ WOLS 1230 kc 
Greenville ______________________________________________ WFBC 1330 kc 
Sioux Falls ___ _______________________ KSOO-KELO 1140-1230 kc 
Kingsport ______________________________________________ WKPT 1400 kc 
Nashville _____ ____________ ______________ ________ ________ ___ WSM 650 kc 
Amarillo ________ .. ___ ._. ___ ..... ______ __ _____ . ____ ____ __ KGNC 1440 kc 
Beaumant ___________________ __ ___ ___________ ___________ KFDM 560 kc 
EI Paso _______________ ____ ___ ________ ___ ____________ _______ KTSM 1380 kc 
Fort Worth ...•..........•... :....................... KGKO 570 kc 
Houston ____________________ ___ . ______ ......... _ .. __ ..... _KPRC 950 kc 
San Antonio ____ ____ _____ __ _________ ___ _________ __ ____ WOAI 1200 kc 
Weslaco _____ ___ ____ __ _____________ ___ ____________________ KRGV 1290 kc 
Norfolk _____ __________________________________ ________ _ WTAR* 790 kc 
Richmond __ : __________________ ___________ ____ _____ __ __ _ WMBG 1380 kc 
Seattle _____ ___ ________ ______ ______________ __ _________ _______ KJ R 1000 kc 
Spokane __ __ __ ___ ___________________________________________ KHQ 590 kc 
Charleston ___ _______ _______ . _________ . ___ . __ . ____ . __ ._WGKV 1490 kc 
Madison .... __ __ ________________________ ________ ______ __ __ WIBA 1310 kc 
Honolulu ______ ___ ____ ____ ________________________ ___ ______ KGU 760 kc 
Schenectady ______ _____ __ _____ ___ · _____ ___ _____________ WGEO 9.53 mc 

(Revised as of April, 1942) 



CATHOL IC HOUR RADIO ADDRESSES IN 
PAMPHLET FORM 

Prices Subject to change without notice. 
OUR SUNDAY VISITOR is the authorized p ublisher of a ll CATHOLIC 

HOUR addresses in pamphlet form. The addresses published to date, all of 
which are available, are li sted below. Others will b e published as they are 
delivered. 

Quantity Prices Do Not Include Carriage Charge 
"The Divine Rom ance/' by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 80 pages 

a nd C'over . Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, IOc each. In quantities, 
$8 .7 5 p er 100. 

"The Moral Order" and "Mary, the Mother of Jesus," by R ev. Dr. Gee. 
John so n , 64 pages and cover. Single copy, IOc postpaid; 5 or more, 8e each. 
In qua ntities, $6.50 per 100. 

'4A Trilogy on Prayer." by Rev. Th omas F. Burke, C.S .P., 32 pages 
and cover. Sin g le copy, I Oc postpaid; 5 or more, 8e cacho In quantities, 
$5.50 per 100. 

"The Phil osophy of Catholic Education," by Rev. Dr. Charles L. 
O'Donn ell , C.S.C., 32 pages a n d cover . S in g le copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or 
more, 8c each. In quantiti es, $5:50 per 100. 

"C hristianity and the Modern Mind," by Rev. J ohn A. McClorey. S.J., 
64 pages and cover . Single copy, l5c postpa id; 5 or more, 10c each. In 
quantities, $6 .50 per 100. 

" The Moral Law," by Rev. James M . Gillis, C.S.P., % pages and 
cover. Single copy, 20c; 5 or more, 15c eae·h. In quantities, $ 10.50 per 100. 

"Christ and His Church," by Rt. R ev. Msgr. Joseph M . Corrigan, 88 
pages a nd cover. Single copy. 20c postpaid; 5 or more, 15c each. In 
quantities, $10.50 per 100. 

"The Marks of the Church ," by Rev. Dr. J ohn K. Cartwright, 48 pages 
and cover. Single copy. 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c' each. In quantities, 
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"The Organizati on and Government of the Church," by Rev. Dr. Fran-
cis J. Connell , C.SS.R., 48 pages and cover. Singl e copy, 15c postpaid; 5 
or more, 8e each . In quantities, $6 .00 per 100 . 

"Moral Factors in Economic Life," by Rt. R ev. Msgr. Francis J. Haas 
and Rt. Rev. Msgr. John A. Ryan, 32 pages and eover . Single copy, 10e 
postpa id; 5 or m ore, 8e each. In quantiti es, $5.50 per 100. 

"Divine Helps for Man," by R ev. Dr. Edward J. W a lsh , C.M ., 104 
pages a nd covel'. Sing le copy, 25c postpaid; 5 or more, 20c each. In 
quantities, $ 12 .00 per 100. 

"The Parables," by R e v. John A . McClory, S.J., 128 pages and cover . 
S in gle copy, 30c postpaid; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $13 .00 per 
100. 

"Christianity's Contribution to Civilization," by Rev . James M. Gillis, 
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each. In quantities, $11.00 p er 100. 

"Manifestations of Christ," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fu l ton J. Sheen, 123 
pages and covel". Singl e copy, 30c p os t paid; 5 or more, 20c each. In 
quantities, $ 13.00 per 100. 

"The Way of the Cross, " by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 32 pages 
and cover (prayer book si ze) . Single copy .. 10c postpai d; 5 or more, 5c 
each. In quantities, $3 .50 per 100. 

"Christ Today," by V ery' Rev. Dr. I g natius Smith, O. P., 48 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In Quantities, $6.00 
per 100. 

. "The Chris t ian Fami1y," by Rev. Dr. Edward L o dge Curran, 68 pages 
and cover . Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, lOc each. In quantities, 
$7 .75 per 100. 

"The Dublin Eucharistic Congress," by His Eminence Willi am Car-
dinal O'Connell. An address rebroadcast from Dublin. 12 pages and C'over. 
Single copy , 10c postpaid; 5 or more, 5c each . In Quantities, $4.25 per 100. 

"Rural Catholic Actio n," by Rev. Dr. Edgar Schmi edel er, O.S.B., 24 
pages and cover. S ing le copy. 10c postpaid; 5 or more, 5c eae-h. In quan -
tities $4.00 per 100. 

"Religion and Human Nature ," by R ev. Dr. J oseph A. D a ly , 40 pages 
and cover . Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 8c each. In Quantities, 
$6 .00 per 100. 

"The Church and Some Outstanding Problems of the Day," by Rev. 
J ones I. Corrigan, 8.J. , 72 pages and cover . Singl e copy, 15c postpaid; 
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"Conflicting Standards," by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S .P ., 80 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. In quantities, 
$8.75 per 100. 

"The Hymn of the Conquered," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Shee n , 
12S pages and cover. Single copy, 30c postpaid; 5 or more, 20c each. In 
quantities $13.00 p e r 100. 

"The Seven Last Words," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Ful to n J. Sheen, (prayer 
book s ize) 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid ; 5 or more, 5c 
each . In quantities, $3.50 per 100. 

"The Church and the Child," by Rev. Dr. Paul H . Furfey, 48 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c postp aid; 5 or more, 8c each. In quantities, 
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"Love's Veiled Victory and Love's Laws," by Rev. Dr. George F . 
S troh aver, S.J., 48 pages and cover. Single copy, 15e pos tpaid; 5 or more 
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"Religion and Liturgy," by Rev. Dr. Francis A. Wal sh, O.S.B., 32 pages 
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"The Lord's Prayer Today," by Very Rev. Dr. Ignatius Sm'ith, O. P., 
64 page and cover. Single copy. 15c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 10 e each. In 
quantities $6.50 per 100. 

"God, Man and Redemption ," by R ev . Dr. Ignat ius W. Cox, 8.J., 64 
pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. In quan -
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"This Mysterious Human Nature," by Rev. Jam es M. Gillis, C.S .P., 
48 pages and cover . Single copy, .15c postpaid: 5 or more, Sc each. In 
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"The Eternal Galilean," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 160 pages 
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"The Queen of Seven Swords," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen 
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"The Catholic Teaching on Our Industrial System," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. 
John A. Ryan, 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid: 5 or more, 
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"The Happ i ness of Fai t h," by Rev. Dani el A. Lord , S.J., 80 pages and 
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"The Salvation of Human Society," by Rev. Peter J. Bergen, C.S.P. , 48 
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tities , $6 .00 per 100. 

"Catholic Education," by Rev . Dr. George Johnson, 40 pages and 
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"The Church and Her Missions, " by Rt. Rev. Msgr . William Quinn , 32 
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"The Church and the Depression," by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 
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"The F u llness of Christ," by Rt. R ev . Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 176 
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"The Church and Modern Thought," by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S .P., 
SO pag~s and cover. Single copy. 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. In 
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"Misunderstood Truths," by Most Rev. Duane G. Hunt, 48 pages and 
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"The Judgment of God and The S ense of Duty," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. 
William J . Kerby, 16 pages and cover. Single copy, IDe p ostpaid ; · 5 or 
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"Ch r i,stian Education," by Rev. Dr. James A. Reeves, 32 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In quantiti es, $4.00 
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"What CiviJization Owes to the Church," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. William 
Quinn, 64 pages and cover. Single copy, 15 c postpaid; 5 or more, 10 each. 
In quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

"If Not Christianity: What?" by R ev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 
pages and cover. Single copy , 20c p os tpaid; 5 or more , I5c each . rn 
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"The Prodigal World," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 140 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 35c postpaid; 5 or more, 25c each. In quantities, 
$17.00 p er 100. 

"The Coin of Our Tribute," by V ery R ev . Thomas F. Conlon, O.P ., 
40 pages and cover. Singl e copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In 
quantities, $6.00 per 100. 

"Pope Pius XI," by H is Emin ence Patrick Cardinal H ayes . An address 
in h onor of the 79th birthday of His h olin ess, 16 pages and 4 color C"over. 
Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 8c each. In quantities, $6.00 per 100. 

uMisunderstanding the Church," by Most Rev. Duane G. Hunt, 48 
pages and cover. Sing le copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, Sc each. In quan-
tities, $6.00 p e r 100. 

"The Poetry of. Duty," by R ev. Alfred Duffy, C.P., 48 pages a nd cover. 
Sing le copy, 15c postpa id; 5 or m or e, 8d each . In qu a ntities, $6.00 per 100. 

"Characteristic Christian Ideals," by R ev . Bonaventu re McIntyre, O. 
F. M., 32 pages a nd cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 8c each . 
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"The Catholic Church and Youth," by Rev. J ohn F. O'Hara, C.S.C. 
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"The Spirit of the Missions," by Rt. R ev. Msgr. Thomas J . McD onne ll , 
32 pages a nd cover. Single copy, lOe postpaid; 5 or more, 8e each. In 
quantities, $5.50 per 100 . 

"The Life of the Soul," by R e v. J ames M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 20c postpaid; 5 or more, 15c each. In quantities, $11.00 
per 100. 

"Our Wounded World," by Rt. R ev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 112 pages 
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The first six addresses in this series published separately under 
the title "Freedom and Democracy: a Study of Their Enemies," 
56 pages and cover . Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. 
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"The Banquet of Triumph," by V ery R ev. J. J. McL arney , O.P., 32 
pages and cover. Sing le copy, lOc postpaid; '5 or m ore, Be each. In quan-
tities, $5.50 p er 100 . . 

"Society and the Social Encyclicals-America's Road Out ," by Rev. 
R. A . McGowan, 32 pages and cover. Single copy , 10c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 
Sc each. In quantities, $5.50 per 100. 

"Pius XI, Father and Teacher of the Nations," (On His Eightieth 
Birthday) by His Excellency, Most R ev. Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, 
16 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 6c eadh. In 
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"The Eastern Catholic Church," by Rev. J ohn Kallok, 48 pages a na 
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"Joy in Religion," by R ev. John B . D elau n ey, C.S.C., 40 pages and 
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per 100. 

uThe 'Lost' Radiance of the Religion of Jesus," by R ev. Thomas A. 
Carn ey, 40 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. 
In quantities, $6. 00 p er 100. 

"Some Spiritual Problems of College Students," by R ev. Dr. Maurice 
S. Sheehy, 40 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 8c 
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"God and Governments," by R ev. Wilfrid Parsons, S.J. , 48 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or m ore, 8c each. In quantities, $6.00 
per 100. 

"Saints vo. Kings," by Rev. J a m es M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages a nd 
cover. Single copy, 20 postpaid; 1> or m ore, 15c each. In quantities, $11.0 0 
per 100. 

"Justice and Charity," by Rt. R ev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen . 
P art I- "The Social Problem and the Church," 96 pages a nd cov er . 

Sin g le copy, 20e- postpaid; 5 or m ore, 15c each. In quan-
tities, $12.00 p er 100. 

P a rt II- "The Individual Problem and the Cross," 80 pages and 
cover. Single copy , 15c postpaid; 5 or m ore. IOc each. 
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"In Defense of Chastity," by Rev. Felix M. Kirsch, O .M. Cap., 72 pages 
and cover, including study aids and bibliography. Sing le copy, 15c postpaid. 
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·'The Appeal To Reason," by M.ost Rev. Duane G. Hunt, D.D., LL.D., 
72 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, lOc each. In 
quantities, $8.75 per 100. 

"Practical Aspects of Catholic Education," by Very Rev. Edward V. 
Stanford, O.S.A., 48 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 
8c each. In quantities, $6.00 per 100. 

"The Mission of Youth in Contemporary Society," by Rev. Dr. George 
Johnson, 40 pages and cover. Single copy, l5C' postpaid: 5 or more, 8e 
each. In quantities, $6.00 per 100. 

"The Holy Eucharist," by Most Rev. Joseph F. Rummel, S.T.D., LL.D., 
32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In 
quantities, $5:50 per 100. 

"Cardinal Hayes-A Eulo~y," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 16 
pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. In quan-
tities, $3.50 per 100. 

"The Rosary and the RiJrhts of Man," by Very Rev. J. J. M".Larney, 
O.P., 56 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. 
In quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

"Human Life," by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages and cover. 
Single copy, 20c postpaid; 5 or more, 15c each. In quantities, $10 per 100. 

"Freedom," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen. 
Part I-uSocial Freedom," 80 pages and cover. Single copy, l5c 

postpaid; 5 or more, 10". each. In quantities, $8.75 per 100. 
Part II-"Personal Freedom," 96 pages and cover. Single copy, 

20c postpaid; 5 or more, 15c each. In quantities, $12.00 
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"The Holy Ghost," by Very Rev. J. J. McLarney, O.P., 56 pages and 
cover. Single copy, l5c postpaid; 5 or more, lOC' each. In quantities, 
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"Toward the Reconstruction of a Christian Social Order," by Rev. 
Dr. John P. Monoghan, 48 pages and cover. Single ".opy, 15c postpaid; 
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"Marian Vi2'nettes," by Rev. J. R. Keane, D.S.M., 32 pages and cover. 
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"The Peace of Christ," by Very Rev. Martin J. O'Malley, C.M., 32 
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tities $5.50 per 100. 

"God's World of Tomorrow," by Rev. Dr. John J. Russell, 40 pages 
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$6.00 per 100. 

"The Catholic Tradition in Literature," by Brother Leo, F.S.C., 40 
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"What Catholics Do At Mass," by Rev. Dr. William H. Russell, 72 
pages and cover, including study club questions and suggestions, and brief 
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"Prophets and Kin2's: Great Scenes, Great Lines," by Rev. James M. 
Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages and cover. Single copy, 20c postpaid; 5 or more, 
15c each. In quantities, $11.00 per 100. 

"Peace, the Fruit of Justice," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 64-
pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10". each. In quan-
tities, $6.50 per 100. 

"The Seven Last Words and The Seven Virtues," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. 
Fulton J. Sheen, 80 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 
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"1930-Memories-1940"-The addresses delivered in the Tenth Anni-
versary Broadcast of the Catholic Hour on March 3, 1940, together with 
congratulatory messages and editorials. 80 pages and cover. Sinitle copy, 
25". postpaid; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $11.00 per 100. 

"What Kind of a World Do You Want," by Rev. Wilfrid Parsons, S.J., 
40 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In 
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"Law," by Rev. Dr. Howard W. Smith, 40 pages and cover. Single 
copy, 15c postpaid; '5 or more, 8c each. In quantities, $6.00 per 100. 

uIn the Be2'inning," by Rev. Arthur J. Sawkins, 40 pa2'es and cover. 
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"The Life and Personality of Christ," by Rev. Herbert F. Gallagher, 
O.F.M., 48 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. 

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"America and the Catholic Church," by Rev. JOhn J. Waide, 48 pages 
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"The Social Crisis and Christian Patriotis m," by Rev. Dr. John F. 
Cronin, 8.S., 40 pages and cover. Single COPY. 15c postpa id ; 5 or more, 8e 
each. In quantities, $6 .00 per 100. 

"Missionary Responsibility," by the Most R ev. Richard J. Cushing, D.D., 
LL.D. , 32 pages and cover. Singl e copy, IOc pos tpaid; 5 or more, Be each. 
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"Crucial Questions," by Rev . James M. Gillis, C.S.P. , 64 pages and 
cover. Single COPY. 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8e each . In quantities, $6.50 
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"Favorite Texts From The Confessions of St. Augustine," by Rev. 
James M. Gilli s, C.S .P., 64 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid ,; 5 or 
more, 10c each. In quantities , $6.50 per 100. 

"War and Guilt," by Rt. R ev. Ms gr. Fulton J . Sheen of the Catholic 
Univers ity of America, 196 pages and cover. Single copy, GOc' postpaid; 5 or 
more, 50c each. In quantities, $32.00 per 100. 

"The Purposes of Our Eucharistic Sacrifice," by R ev. Gerald T. Bask· 
field, S.T.D. , 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or more , 8c 
each . In quantities, $5 .50 per 100. 

"1'he Case for Conscience," by Rev. Thomas Smith Sullivan, O.M.I., 
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"The Catholi c Notion of Faith," by R ev . Thomas N. O'Kane, 40 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid ; 5 or more, Bc each . In quantities , 
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"Freedom Defended," by Rev . John F. Cronin, S.S ., Ph.D., 32 pages 
a nd cover. Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c' each. In quantities, 
$5.5 0 per 100. 

"The Rights of the Oppressed," by Rt. Rev. Msgr . Martin J '. O'Connor, 
40 pages and cove r. Single copy, 15c pos tpaid; 5 or more, Bc each. In 
quantities , $6 .00 per 100. 

" The Practical Aspects of Patriotism ," by Rev. George Johnson, Ph.D., 
40 pages and cover. Singl e copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, Be' each. In 
quantities, $6.00 pel' 100. 

"What Is Wrong and How to Set It Right," by R ev . James M. Gillis , 
C.S.P ., 80 pages a nd cover. Single copy, 15c, pos tpaid; 5 or more, 10c 
eac h. In qua ntities, $8.75 per 100. 

"Peace," by R t. R ev. Msgr. Fulton J. Sheen, 160 pages and cover. 
Single copy, 35c postpaid; 5 or more, 25c eac h . In quantities , $17 .00 per 
100. 

"Christian Heroism," by Rev. Robert J. Slavin~ a.p., 64 pages and 
cover. Single C'opy, 20c, pos tpaid; 5 or m ore, 15c. In quantities, $ 7.'50 
p er 100. 

"A Report to Mothers and Fathers," by Rev. William A . Maguite, 
Chaplain, U. S. Army, a nd Rev. Christoph er E . O'Hara, Chaplain, U. S. 
Navy, 24 pages and cove r. Single copy. 15c pos tpaid; 5 or more, 10c. In 
quantities, $6.00 per 100. 

"The L iturgy and the Laity," by R e v. William J . L a llou, 32 pages 
a nd cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid ; '5 or more.z. 10c. In quantities, 
$6.50 per 100. 
Complete list of 108 pamphlets to one address in U. S., $13 .7 5 postpaid. 

Price to Canada and Foreign Countries, $16.75. 

Address: OUR SUNDAY VISITOR, Huntington, Indiana. 






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