TCe^l TU© O o c c h i * A c t i o n 

- r i ' 91 / ^ L i 

\hc Church 
in Action 

BUT WHAT I HAVE I (JIVE THEEX 

1N THE NAME OF JESUS CHRIST 

The Catholic Hour 
• 





THE CHURCH IN ACTION 
A Series of 

NINE TALKS 
BY 

VARIOUS CATHOLIC AUTHORITIES IN THE FIELDS 
OF CATHOLIC ACTION AND SOCIAL ACTION 

GIVEN IN THE CATHOLIC HOUR 
September 5 to October 31, 1943 

EACH SUNDAY AT SIX P.M., E. W. T. 
NBC NETWORK 

Page 
September 5 Rev. Alphonse Schwitalla, S. J., 

"The Church and the Sick" ......L,™. 3 
September 12 Rev. Paul Tanner, 

"The Church and Youth" 11 
September 19 Rev. William O'Connor, 

"The Church and Charity" 16 
September 26 Rt. Rev. James T. O'Dowd, 

"The Church and Education" 21 
October 3 Very Rev. John J . McClafferty, 

"The Church and Decency" 27 
October 10 Rev. Dr. Charles A. Hart, 

"The Church and the Lay Apostolate" 33 
October 17 Very Rev. George J . Collins, C.S.Sp., 

"The Church and the Missions" 39 
October 24 Rev. John La Farge, S.J., 

"The Church and Interrs^cial Justice" | 45 
October 31 Rev. Lawrence F. Schott, 

"The Church and the Service Man" 51 

National Council of Catholic Men 
Producers of the Catholic Hour 
1312 Massachusetts Ave., N. W. 

Washington 5, D. C. 

Printed and distributed by Our Sunday Visitor 
H u n t i n g t o n , Indiana 





U N i v e R S i T y O F 
N o m e D a m s , iNbi 

U N i v e R s i t y Li 

Materials housed in 
However, special arrang 
tants and faculty who re 
use in conjunction with 
erned by the following g 

Students must prese! 



Imprimatur: 
•f JOHN FRANCIS NOLL, D.D. 

Bishop of Fort Wayne 

Nihil Obstat: 
REV. T. E. DILLON 

Censor Librorum 

fctegelärjferf 



THE CHURCH AND THE SICK 
BY REV. ALPHONSE M. SCHWITALLA, S . J . 

President, Catholic Hospital Association 
September 5. 1943 

The Church in Action in t h e own day, in every c o u n t r y upon 
c a r e of t h e Sick, is C h r i s t in ac- which t h e l i g h t of C h r i s t i a n i t y h a s 
tion in t h e world of today, as H e dawned, w h e r e t h e m i n i s t r y of 
w a s in action in t h e days of Cap- h e a l i n g h a s not flourished among 
h a r n a u m and J e r u s a l e m . N o t h i n g pioneers and apostles and mis-
is more s t r i k i n g in t h e Gospel n a r - s i o n a r i e s who h a v e gone f o r t h t o 
r a t i v e s t h a n t h e p r o p o r t i o n a t e b r i n g t h e l i g h t of C h r i s t and H i s 
space devoted by t h e E v a n g e l i s t s t e a c h i n g to o u r less f a v o r e d 
to t h e n a r r a t i o n of C h r i s t ' s m i r - b r e t h r e n . 
acles. Among t h e l a t t e r t h e m i r - T h r o u g h o u t t h e h i s t o r y of t h e 
acles of t h e r e s t o r a t i o n to h e a l t h Church h e r t e a c h i n g and h e r l i f e 
occupy by f a r t h e l a r g e r s h a r e of externalized t h e t e a c h i n g and t h e 
t h e E v a n g e l i s t s ' a t t e n t i o n . No l i f e of C h r i s t . The t e a c h i n g of t h e 
f e w e r t h a n twenty-two miracles Church on t h e c a r e of sickness em-
dealing w i t h individual sick p e r - phasizes and s t r e s s e s t h o u g h t s 
sons a r e n a r r a t e d by t h e t h r e e his- t h a t a r e f o r e i g n enough t o t h e 
torical E v a n g e l i s t s : M a t t h e w , t e a c h i n g s and t h o u g h t s c u r r e n t in 
Mark, and Luke. In all f o u r of t h e a m a t e r i a l i s t i c civilization. F o r 
Gospels t h e r e a r e p a s s a g e s sum- t h e Catholic, s u f f e r i n g of itself is 
m a r i z i n g days upon" days of n o t a n evil. S u f f e r i n g and p a i n 
C h r i s t ' s m i n i s t r y on e a r t h in such a r e c r e a t u r e s of God t o b e used 
simple s t a t e m e n t s a s : t h a t t h e according t o God's designs, and t h e 
sick flocked to H i m or w e r e b r o u g h t evil lies not in p a i n and s u f f e r i n g , 
to H i m or w e r e s e n t to H i m and b u t it lies in t h e use which self-de-
H e healed t h e m . t e r m i n i n g m a n m a k e s of p a i n and 

T h e m i n i s t r y of healing contin- s u f f e r i n g . If h e uses s u f f e r i n g a s 
ues as one of t h e moral miracles C h r i s t used i t in Olivet and on 
of t h e Church, a s one of t h e moral Calvary, m a n becomes more C h r i s t -
notes c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e t r u e like; if h e abuses it a s a conquered 
C h u r c h of C h r i s t . T h e r e never h a s and subdued and vanquished m a n 
been a t i m e or a place f r o m t h e is a p t t o use it, s u f f e r i n g debases 
apostolic days in P a l e s t i n e to p u r m a n and reduces h i m to a hopeless 



4 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

helplessness. W h a t we do with s u f -
f e r i n g depends on ourselves. Each 
moment of pain might be a step-
ping stone to the heights of self-
realization ; it might also be a step-
p i n g stone to self-debasement. 

This f u n d a m e n t a l v i e w p o i n t 
which flows f r o m a philosophy en-
lightened by f a i t h finds its most 
f a r - r e a c h i n g application in t h e life 
of Christ and in the imitation of 
t h a t l i f e as practiced by the 
Christian. Christ deliberately 
chose a life of privation and s u f -
f e r i n g t h r o u g h which to redeem 
t h e world. The Christian who imi-
t a t e s Christ a t least accepts s u f -
f e r i n g and uses it to the extent to 
which, in his limited endurance, he 
might be capable; but to the extent 
t h a t he uses it and loves it, endures 
and cherishes it, he reaches an 
ever g r e a t e r Christlikeness. 

And all t h i s teaching, t r a n s f u s e d 
as it is by the viewpoint of- f a i t h , 
is consonant with a sound psycho-
logical approach to the problem of 
suffering. Even the psychologist, 
the psychiatrist, the physician 
knows the difference between pa-
t i e n t and p a t i e n t — t h e difference 
between the man whose every day 
of silent agony makes of him a 
g r e a t e r and a b e t t e r man and the 
man f o r whom each day of restless 
and agonizing pain makes of him, 
sooner or later, a distorted carica-

t u r e of his f o r m e r self. In no 
realm of human experience is it 
more important t h a t the Gospel of 
the captaincy-of one's own soul, of 
man's ability to determine his own 
development, should be preached, 
t h a n in the realm of human suffer-
ing. 

Such a r e the approaches to the 
problem of sickness which t h e 
Church has accepted as her own. 
Hers is a viewpoint t h a t encom-
passes the whole human being, t h a t 
views man as man, as a com-
posite of the physical and mental, 
as a being t h a t has a dual destiny 
—the destiny of earthly success 
and the eternal destiny of heavenly 
beatitude. The Church, t h e r e f o r e , 
must be intolerant of all p a r t i a l 
viewpoints r e g a r d i n g sickness as 
she must be intolerant of all par-
tial viewpoints in any human ex-
perience. There can be no un-
mixed evil in the world except only 
sin. Poverty and t h e loss of power 
and even disgrace may make b e t t e r 
and g r e a t e r men of us provided 
the resources of the individual a r e 
such t h a t they can be called upon 
to meet sometimes t h e most pro-
found disillusionments of life. 
Therefore, to emphasize sickness 
simply as a welfare problem, sim-
ply as an economic problem, or a 
scientific problem, or a medical one, 
must appeal to t h e Church as in-



THE CHURCH AND THE SICK 5 

adequate. The Church must encom-
pass all of these, b u t she m u s t 
synthesize and combine and inte-
g r a t e t h e m all t h r o u g h her insis-
tence upon t h e s u p e r n a t u r a l view-
point in which all these partial 
viewpoints find t h e i r t r u e and 
their deepest meaning. 

The Church deals realistically 
with man as man. She lays down 
no a b s t r a c t speculations about di-
sease or sickness; t h a t is not h e r 
field. T h a t is scientific medicine. 
She does, however, concern herself 
intimately with t h e sick human be-
ing, the individual who is sick. 
She surrounds him with the abun-
dant g i f t s of her Christlike char-
i t y ; she places at his disposal t h e 
most select of her devoted adher-
e n t s ; she b r i n g s to him the super-
n a t u r a l assistance of p r a y e r and 
especially of the Sacrament of the 
Sick, E x t r e m e Unction, which sanc-
tifies the soul while it s t r e n g t h e n s 
the sufferer and, a f t e r restoration 
of complete peace of mind t h r o u g h 
the Sacrament of Penance, eases 
him, if t h a t be God's provident will, 
on the pathway to his eternal des-
tiny, even in t h e company of the 
Christ Himself in Holy Viaticum. 

As a necessary corollary to all 
t h i s thinking, it is obvious t h a t t h e 
Religious Orders of the Church, 
the orders of Sisters and Brothers, 
personify in t h e i r dedicated lives 

the teachings of t h e Church re-
g a r d i n g sickness and suffering. 
F r o m t h a t earliest day when, upon 
the emergence of t h e Church f r o m 
the life of t h e catacombs, t h e first 
flowerings of the liberated life of 
her children blossomed f o r t h into 
the anchoritic life, t h a t same con-
templative ideal produced t h e men, 
t h e motives, and t h e zeal f o r t h e 
creation of t h e first hospitals of 
Christendom and also of the first 
children's hospitals. I t is a provo-
cative thought t h a t t h e Catholic 
Hospital of history is t h e product 
of the contemplative r a t h e r t h a n 
of the p r a g m a t i c life of t h e 
Church. F r o m t h a t day to t h i s t h e 
tradition of life's dedication to t h e 
service of the suffering is unbroken 
in the Church of Christ. 

In our country, the astounding 
f a c t of t h e unprecedented develop-
ment of t h e Sisterhoods and 
Brotherhoods devoting t h e i r lives 
to the care of t h e sick confronts 
the student of medical history. Al-
most two hundred Sisterhood j u r i s -
dictions have been founded or have 
been continued f r o m previous 
foundations in the Old Wortd, in 
t h i s country of ours, all devoted to 
the care of t h e sick exclusively or 
devoted to the care of the sick and 
to t h e work of education. Twenty-
eight thousand of these Sisters and 
B r o t h e r s are now required by t h e i r 



6 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

self-imposed vows to give to t h e 
sick t h e i r whole life of self-dedica-
tion and of self-sacrifice and, if 
need be, of self-immolation. In 
nearly a thousand institutions they 
are t a k i n g care of almost one-
t h i r d of t h e hospitalized sick of 
the nation. The Catholic hospital 
numerically represents not quite 
11% of the hospitals of t h e land, 
and these hospitals contain scarcely 
more t h a n 7% of t h e bed capacity 
of all the hospitals, yet they care 
f o r 30% of those who a r e seeking 
the restoration of t h e i r health in 
t h e hospital. How v a s t is t h e re-
sponsibility carried by t h e Catho-
lic hospital may be understood 
f r o m t h i s f a c t alone, t h a t these 
Catholic hospitals d u r i n g t h i s last 
year cared f o r 43% of t h e p a t i e n t s 
of all the hospitals organized not 
f o r profit, and t h e y cared f o r as 
many as 87% of the patients who 
last year sought the restoration to 
health in t h e church-controlled 
hospitals. Surely Christ lives in 
t h i s hospital work which is the 
continuation of the work which He 
did a t the crossroads of Judea, in 
the galleys and on the mountain-
s i d e s of Galilee. 

Not only in hospitals, but. in 
n u r s i n g schools as well, has t h e 
Catholic h e a r t of t h e Sister or 
Brother found opportunity f o r con-
t i n u i n g in a mystical but over-

poweringly effective manner, the 
health-giving miracles of the l i f e 
of Christ. Time was when an older 
generation distinguished between 
educational and welfare vocations, 
assuming, in t h a t older day, t h a t 
certain activities, such as teaching, 
were predominantly intellectual, 
and t h a t others, such as nursing, 
were predominantly manual. The 
one was t h o u g h t to require t h e 
mind, the other the emotions; one 
was t h o u g h t to require knowledge, 
t h e other skills. But we have been 
disabused of such easy and simple 
distinctions, and the conviction has 
grown upon us t h a t education is 
w e l f a r e work and w e l f a r e work is 
education. 

B a r r e n and unproductive t r u t h 
cannot today be defined as t h e ob-
jective of education any more t h a n 
skills unenlightened by knowledge 
can be made useful in t h e complexi-
ties of modern life. And so, in con-
nection with more t h a n half of t h e 
Catholic hospitals of the land, t h e r e 
is a school of n u r s i n g h a v i n g pro-
fessional, intellectual, moral, and 
social ideals t h a t m e r i t t h e ap-
proval of Catholic and non-Catho-
lic alike. D u r i n g last year the 369 
Catholic schools of n u r s i n g enroll-
ed a total of 27,979 student nurses, 
fully one-third of the total number 
of nurses enrolled in all of t h e 
schools of n u r s i n g of the land. To-



THE CHURCH AND THE SICK 7 

day as t h e call to a r m s re-echoes in 
the h e a r t of t h e n u r s e to be an-
swered by pledges of allegiance and 
loyalty to t h e country and i t s 
rulers and by pledges of self-dedi-
cation to t h e purposes of the War, 
thesé students in our Catholic 
schools of nursing, we may confi-
dently predict, will rise to t h e i r 
opportunity in t h e service of God 
and country, m i l i t a r y and civilian 
alike. We may confidently expect 
t h a t t h e enrollments in our Cath-
olic schools of student n u r s e s in t h e 
United States Cadet N u r s e Corps 
will represent more t h a n a propor-
tionate share of volunteers and en-
listees. 

Not content with all of this, 
many of our Catholic schools and 
Catholic hospitals have enlarged 
t h e i r p r o g r a m s of activity to in-
clude both w e l f a r e and education 
work in other fields as well. Our 
Catholic hospitals have offered op-
portunities f o r development in 
practically every modern health en-
deavor, f r o m dietetics to therapy, 
f r o m technology to hospital ad-
ministration. These opportunities 
are being used not only by all 
groups but most enthusiastically 
by the members of the Sisterhoods 
particularly. 

In all of t h i s we have a p e r f e c t 
illustration of t h e principle t h a t 
f a i t h in t h e h e r e a f t e r and in t h e 

s u p e r n a t u r a l cannot and does not 
in t h e mind and h e a r t of t h e wise 
man destroy his concern f o r t h e 
n a t u r a l and the temporal. R a t h e r 
it is a paradox, most emphatic and 
striking, t h a t t h e more supernat-
ural is man's concern, the more 
will he emphasize t h e worth and 
dignity of the n a t u r a l . By reason 
of t h e i r s u p e r n a t u r a l character 
have our Catholic sisterhoods 
created the great, progressive, and 
most productive institutions, as 
alone worthy of the cause to which 
these institutions a r e dedicated, 
the service of the sick, imitative 
of the life of Christ. No s t a n d a r d 
can be too high or too exacting in 
the achievement of such an ideal. 

Not only schools of n u r s i n g and 
hospitals, but nurses' organizations 
and a f a r flung hospital association 
as well, have been used by the 
Church in t h i s country to c a r r y on 
the age-old t r a d i t i o n s to m a i n t a i n 
continuity in t h e ideals and t h e 
achievements of t h e centuries. The 
Church is ever eager in h e r em-
phasis upon h e r purpose to use 
every human means a t h e r dis-
posal; and so she h a s placed h e r 
benediction upon an organization 
such as a Catholic Hospital Associa-
tion, which has merited the approv-
al of several Pontiffs and the com-
mendation of the whole Catholic 
H i e r a r c h y d u r i n g t h e q u a r t e r cen-



8 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

t u r y of t h a t Hospital Association's 
existence. And today the Church of 
t h i s country is placing h e r endorse-
ment upon the organization of 
nurses—the National Council of 
Catholic Nurses—made up of t h e 
g r a d u a t e s of our Catholic schools 
of n u r s i n g and of the Catholic 
g r a d u a t e s of other schools as well. 

Yet even t h i s is not all. In our 
own country we have the unique 
distinction among contemporary 
nations of having developed five 
schools of medicine under t h e con-
trol and guidance of one of the Re-
ligious Orders of men of t h e 
Church. F o r t h e Society of J e s u s 
(or t h e J e s u i t Order) conducts five 
such schools and has maintained an 
unbroken t r a d i t i o n of interest in 
and concern f o r the medical pro-
fession and medical education f r o m 
the pioneer days on the Western 
F r o n t i e r of 1839 r i g h t down to our 
own day—a century of endeavor in 
t r a i n i n g those who will care f o r t h e 
sick, a century of t r a n s l a t i n g into 
practical p r o g r a m s of educational 
and welfare activity t h e f u n d a -
mentally basic and sound philoso-
phies which we have briefly touch-
ed upon a t t h e beginning of t h i s 
resume. And in those schools 
about two thousand students each 
year receive t h e i r medical educa-
tion. But something more is done; 
f o r it may be confidently asserted 

t h a t an i m p r i n t has been l e f t upon 
these students which will charac-
terize t h e m as imbued with a 
strong sense of t h e basic ethical 
f a c t of t h e physician's responsi-
bility f o r his p a t i e n t . 

In all of t h i s development t h e 
f o r m of t h e Church's organization 
has not been lost sight of. In prac-
tically every one of the 113 arch-
dioceses and dioceses of the conti-
nental United States t h e r e is some 
official who is concerned predomi-
nantly, as the Bishop's representa-
tive, with the health care and t h e 
sickness care of t h a t diocese. 
Sometimes it is t h e Director of 
Catholic Charities; sometimes it is 
t h e Diocesan Hospital Director; 
sometimes, especially in t h e l a r g e r 
dioceses, both officials share t h e 
responsibility f o r the work of t h e 
Church in action in t h e health 
field. Whatever the f o r m of t h e 
organization m i g h t be, of t h i s we 
may be assured, t h a t t h r o u g h such 
officials t h e r e is effected a coordi-
nation of effort and unanimity of 
purpose, a constancy and persist-
ence in motivation, which permit 
progressive growth and the estab-
lishment of continuing and sound 
policies. I t is t h u s t h a t the de-
velopments of the last two or t h r e e 
decades can be best explained. 

To be sure, t h e r e is room f o r 
f u r t h e r developments. School hy-



THE CHURCH AND THE SICK 9 

giene programs, child welfare, ma-
ternal welfare, t h e co-ordination of 
health care with general welfare, 
the f u r t h e r amplification of efforts 
in many specialized fields—all of 
t h i s is p a r t of t h e vision of t h e 
f u t u r e . But we have t h e satisfac-
tion of knowing t h a t t h a t vision 
is not a tenuous illusion. It is a 
vision made up not merely of hopes 
and velleities, b u t also of solid 
achievements and successes. With-
in the f r a m e w o r k of t h e Catholic 
Church of the f u t u r e in t h i s coun-
t r y every t r e n d indicates an ex-
tension of concern f o r the care of 
the sick, the prevention of disease, 
and the procedures of developmen-
tal medicine. 

Lastly, we cannot close without 
j u s t a word concerning the partici-
pation of the Church in the de-
velopment of legislation in t h e 
health fields, looking towards in-
creased social security. Conform-
able to the teachings of the Pon-
tiffs, particularly those since Leo 
X I I I , and to t h e teachings of t h e 
g r e a t .social encyclicals, such as 
Rerum Novarum and Quadra-
gesima Anno, the Church in t h i s 
country has encouraged its leaders 
to participate in the d r a f t i n g of 
sound national policies. As t h e 
Church has interested itself in the 
problems of labor and employment, 
of security and social stabilization, 

so she has seen all of these prob-
lems as having a b e a r i n g upon 
sickness care and health develop-
ment. She has not only encour-
aged h e r leaders, the Sisters and 
Brothers in the hospital and pro-
fessional education fields, to study 
these broader and deeper aspects 
of t h e i r work, b u t she h a s interest-
ed herself actively in the formula-
tion of policies and in the develop-
ment of programs. In these activi-
ties the Church is guided by f u n -
damental principles: first, t h e dig-
nity and m a j e s t y of the human in-
dividual who must not be deprived 
of the only basis upon which t h a t 
dignity and m a j e s t y can rest, 
namely his personal responsibility; 
and secondly, the principle t h a t t h e 
individual to be t r u e to t h a t m a j -
esty and dignity m u s t be m i n d f u l 
ever of the m a j e s t y and dignity of 
other individuals. Each man, ac-
cording to t h e mind of the Church, 
must achieve his own self-realiza-
tion while he labors effectively, un-
reservedly, and zealously f o r t h e 
development of his fellow man. 
Man's responsibility f o r himself 
and man's responsibility f o r his 
fellow man are not two responsi-
bilities but one: "Thou shalt love 
t h y neighbor as thyself." And if 
the Church has been critical a t 
times of legislation in t h e health 
field, as she has been of legisla-



10 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

tion in the welfare field, it is be-
cause she h a s been aware of t h e 
inadequacies of projected legisla-
tion to achieve t h e unified and in-
t e g r a t e d ideal which she has ever 
held up before t h e eyes of t h e 
world. The Church cannot but in-
sist t h a t it is the f u n c t i o n of gov-
ernment to serve t h e individual 
man, not t h e converse, to make t h e 
individual man the servant of gov-
ernment. 

The work of c a r i n g f o r t h e sick 
is the work of Christ. The work of 
c a r i n g f o r t h e sick leads t h e worker 
to Christ and makes him more 

Christ-like. But w h a t is even more 
to the point, sickness itself under 
t h e care of a Christlike worker 
makes thé patient more Christlike. 
Christ h a s insisted t h a t "As long 
as you did it to one of these my 
least brethren, you did it to m e " 
(Matthew 25:40). In t h i s work 
t h e Church, according to the words 
of St. Paul, is urged on by t h e 
c h a r i t y of Christ. Those words 
have become the motto and the 
driving force of t h e Church in 
Action in t h e Service of t h e Sick: 
"Caritas Christi urget nos"—"The 
charity of Christ urges us 
onward." 



THE CHURCH AND YOUTH 
BY REV. PAUL TANNER 
Director, Youth Department 

National Catholic Welfare Conference 
September 12, 1943 

I t is p r o p e r t h a t e a r l y in t h i s cause we have become used to t h e m , 
series of a d d r e s s e s on " T h e We should t h a n k God t h a t h e r e in 
C h u r c h in A c t i o n " we should devote t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t h e C h u r c h h a s 
one b r o a d c a s t t o youth, f o r in h e r been given p e r f e c t l i b e r t y t o o r -
a c t i v i t i e s related to y o u t h we see ganize and i n s p i r e and d i r e c t 
t h e Church in action a m o n g h e r g r o u p s of youth. Public a u t h o r i t i e s 
f a v o r i t e souls. C h r i s t ordered H i s and p r i v a t e agencies have g e n e r -
disciples to p e r m i t t h e children to ously and consistently encouraged 
be b r o u g h t to Him, despite t h e and aided t h e Church in t h i s work, 
p r e s s of o t h e r labors, " f o r of such In o t h e r p a r t s of t h e world we 
is t h e kingdom of God" (Mark 1 0 : have seen instances w h e r e t h e 
1 4 ) . T h e C h u r c h exercises t h e S t a t e itself assumed t h e sole r i g h t 
same solicitude f o r y o u t h and f o r to organize and direct y o u t h 
t h e same r e a s o n s a s did h e r groups. When H i t l e r seized power, 
F o u n d e r . She s p e a k s to t h e m au- f o r example, h e w a s t e d no t i m e 
t h o r i t a t i v e l y and infallibly of t h e t r y i n g to convert people over 40; 
g r e a t c e n t r a l problems of h u m a n e i t h e r t h e y accepted him a t once 
existence; not merely as does g r e a t or he p u t t h e m o u t of t h e way. No 
l i t e r a t u r e or p o e t r y , or w i t h t h e such savage a l t e r n a t i v e w a s pro-
p e r s u a s i v e a r t s of h u m a n wisdom, posed to t h e y o u t h of Germany, 
b u t a s t h e v e r y mouthpiece of God, I n s t e a d , every available technique 
" t h u s s a i t h t h e L o r d " — w i t h t h e w a s used t o i n d o c t r i n a t e them, 
solemn defmitiveness of a divinely f r o m earliest childhood u p w a r d , 
m a n d a t e d and guided Teacher, w i t h t h e N a z i ideology. T h u s in 
Ruler, and Sanctifier. Seldom in one s h o r t g e n e r a t i o n a s u b s t a n t i a l 
m a n ' s h i s t o r y h a s t h e r e been p o r t i o n of t h e G e r m a n n a t i o n w a s 
g r e a t e r need of a g e n e r a t i o n of cut off f r o m a n i n h e r i t a n c e of 
youth closely a t t e n t i v e and obedient C h r i s t i a n c u l t u r e and civilization 
t o t h e sublime c o m m a n d m e n t s and t h a t had t a k e n c e n t u r i e s t o accu-
p r e c e p t s of t h e Church. mulate. W i t h a sneer of c o n t e m p t 

Sometimes o u r commonest bless- y o u n g B r o w n s h i r t s swept i n t o t h e 
i n g s escape a t t e n t i o n merely be- d i s c a r d a t r a d i t i o n of kindliness 



12 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

and decency and honor the value of 
which they did not even know how 
to appreciate. In Italy, except f o r 
the stubborn and effective opposi-
tion of Pope P i u s XI, Mussolini all 
but succeeded in c a p t u r i n g and per-
v e r t i n g t h e youth in the same 
manner. The indoctrination of the 
youth of Russia by the Communist 
P a r t y is a m a t t e r of record. How 
g r a t e f u l we Americans ought to be, 
therefore, t h a t the S t a t e has not 
usurped t h e r i g h t s of t h e Church 
and other agencies to f o s t e r and 
develop organizations of youth in 
our beloved land. How vigilantly 
we m u s t g u a r d against such a 
policy in the United States. 

The comprehensiveness of the 
p r o g r a m of t h e Catholic Church f o r 
h e r youth in t h e United States is 
appreciated by very f e w people. 
P e r h a p s t h e chief reason f o r t h i s 
unawareness is t h e f a c t t h a t we are 
not accustomed to think of certain 
purely religious or educational ac-
tivities of t h e Church on behalf of 
youth as youth w o r k ; but actually 
these religious and educational ser-
vices constitute t h e very soul and 
core of t h e Church's youth pro-
gram. As I see it, t h e r e a r e t h r e e 
main a r e a s of Catholic youth w o r k ; 
you can envision them by t h i n k i n g 
of t h r e e concentric circles. The 
inner circle is symbolized by t h e 
parish church, the middle circle by 

the church's school system—pri-
mary, secondary, and university— 
and the outer circle by the p a r i s h 
hall. The parish altar, the class-
room, and the recreational center, 
each in its own way and in due 
proportion to its importance in 
life, plays a p a r t in the youth pro-
g r a m of t h e Church. 

At t h e very core of h e r youth 
p r o g r a m stands t h e parish church 
—18,976 of t h e m in t h i s country. 
The first contact of the Church 
with her youth is a divine act—the 
administration of t h e Sacrament of 
Baptism which communicates sanc-
t i f y i n g grace, i n f u s e s the theolo-
gical virtues of F a i t h , Hope, and 
Charity, and implants in the soul 
of t h e child the germs of all the 
s u p e r n a t u r a l virtues. As years 
b r i n g the dawn of reason, h a b i t s of 
devout p r a y e r a r e acquired, and 
near t h e p a r i s h altar the child 
learns t h r o u g h sermons and cate-
chism lessons of t h e wondrous and 
almost incredible mercies of God 
in His dealings with men—in such 
t r u t h s as the creation of man, t h e 
fall of Adam, t h e promise of a 
Redeemer, the incarnation of Jesus 
Christ, our redemption by His 
death f o r us on Calvary's bloody 
hill, t h e establishment of His 
Church to continue His m i n i s t r a -
tions among men, and of the solemn 
realities of death, judgment, heav-



THE CHURCH AND YOUTH 13 

en, and hell. N e a r t h a t same a l t a r 
thp child early enters the t r i b u n a l 
of God's mercy to experience t h e 
thrice-blessed comfort and conso-
lation of t h e Sacrament of Pen-
ance; a t t h e p a r i s h a l t a r he re-
ceives f o r the first time his Euch-
aristie Lord—the beginning of a 
life-long habit of intimate com-
munion with Jesus Christ depicted 
so u n f o r g e t t a b l y in the sixth chap-
t e r of St. J o h n ' s Gospel. D u r i n g 
the placid days of childhood and 
t h r o u g h the critical and sometimes 
confused years of adolescense, the 
youth s t r e n g t h e n s his hold on the 
spiritual and s u p e r n a t u r a l realities 
of the life of grace t h r o u g h the 
f r e q u e n t and regular assistance a t 
Mass and the reception of the sac-
raments. Finally the days of youth 
are climaxed by t h e exchange of 
the vows of Matrimony before t h a t 
same altar. 

The world cannot be saved 
merely by good laws and so-
cial institutions and organizations 
—good men a r e needed first and 
above all. The business of the 
p a r i s h church is quite literally the 
making of saints, and only to t h e 
degree t h a t this job is accomplish-
ed will t h e world be populated with 
men and women capable of making 
radical changes f o r the b e t t e r . It 
approaches understatement, there-
fore, to say t h a t thé quiet, unpub-

licized, daily labor of the parish 
church is the h e a r t and soul of t h e 
Church's youth p r o g r a m . 

The second circle is the Church's 
school system. Here we need some 
s t r a i g h t t h i n k i n g and courageous 
speech and action. A man's philos-
ophy of education will be deter-
mined by his philosophy of life. 
I f , t h e r e f o r e , a man believes in 
God, if he believes t h a t t h e most 
i m p o r t a n t business in life is t h e 
sanctification and salvation of his 
immortal soul, if he views t h e 
ownership of material wealth solely 
as a stewardship f o r which an 
exact accounting must one day be 
rendered to His Master, if he be-
lieves t h a t his love and service of 
God must be manifested and proved 
by his love and service of his fel-
lowmen, if he believes these and 
dozens of other t r u t h s of t h e Gos-
pel of Jesus Christ, then inexorably 
he will insist t h a t the educational 
discipline i n which his children a r e 
schooled shall include these most 
i m p o r t a n t t r u t h s as an integral and 
essential p a r t of the curriculum. 
If religion is not j u s t a p a r t of life, 
isolated and unrelated to the whole 
life, but r a t h e r l i f e a t its fullest 
and best, then t r u e education must 
be religious education. Because 
the public schools do not include 
the most important of all knowl-
edge in t h e i r curricula—the t r u t h s 



14 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

of religion—Catholic parents, a t 
g r e a t cost and under the u n j u s t 
burden of a double taxation f o r t h e 
education of t h e i r children, have 
erected a school system t h a t h a r -
monizes fully and completely with 
t h e Christian philosophy of life. 
T r a i n i n g given therein reaches not 
only t h e head b u t the h e a r t as well, 
it embraces all reality—spiritual as 
well as material—and gives its stu-
dents an integral, complete picture 
of the whole of life. I t is quite 
impossible to calculate the service 
to youth being given by t h e 
Church's school system which last 
year aggregated 2,035,182 pupils 
in g r a m m a r schools, 361,123 pupils 
in 2,105 high schools and 161,886 
college students in 193 colleges. 

Finally we come to the t h i r d 
circle—the recreation center or 
parish hall. This is t h e avowed 
field of leisure-time activities in 
which t h e f r e e time of youth f o r m s 
the p a t t e r n around which recrea-
tional p r o g r a m s f o r youth a r e 
built. The youth work of the 
Church in t h i s t h i r d circle has 
grown by leaps and bounds of late 
years and will continue to grow. 
Not t h a t t h e Church sees in good 
recreation t h e panacea f o r all social 
ills and p r i v a t e woes—she under-
stands clearly t h a t eternal salva-
tion cannot be achieved by such in-
adequate means. But even as 

Christ used t h e f a m i l i a r t h i n g s of 
everyday life—the hen and her 
chicks, the flowers of t h e field, t h e 
wedding dinner—to elevate men's 
t h o u g h t s to God, so His Church 
r e g a r d s a bat and ball, a song or a 
play, a game or a contest, as not 
unworthy i n s t r u m e n t s to be spirit-
ualized in t h e service of t h e 
Master. 

With lavish generosity t h e 
Church has provided many differ-
ent types o f . youth organizations 
f o r both boys and girls, young men 
and young women, covering a v a r -
iety of interests in the religious, 
cultural, social, hobby, guidance, 
and athletic fields. I do not speak 
of the highly specialized care pro-
vided f o r t h a t small minority of 
youth who because of the death, 
incapacity, or desertion of t h e i r 
parents, or because of sickness or 
i n j u r y , or because of crime, stand 
in need of t h e expert care of pro-
fessionally t r a i n e d workers. F o r -
tunately the m a j o r i t y of t h e 
Church's youth enjoy the blessing 
of a normal home and it is f o r these 
typically splendid young people 
t h a t the parish youth p r o g r a m is 
designed. Recently the Church in 
t h e United States has seen fit to 
u n i f y and coordinate these f a r -
reaching and diversified youth 
groups t h r o u g h t h e instrumental-
ity of parish, district, and diocesan 



THE CHURCH AND YOUTH 15 

youth councils. Together with the order of society with t h e spiritual 
two national college student f e d e r a - s u p e r n a t u r a l vitality and t r u t h of 
tions, these diocesan youth coun- Christ in His Church, 
cils constitute the National Catho- In t h e words of Bishop Duffy of 
lie Youth Council. The promotion Buffalo, the Episcopal Chairman of 
and development of the National the Youth Department of the 
Catholic Youth Council is one of National Catholic Welfare Con-
the chief responsibilities of t h e ference, "Men hope and believe 
Youth Department of the National t h a t stability will come out of t h e 
Catholic W e l f a r e Conference. present chaos, t h a t settled condi-

The chief reason f o r t h e f o r m a - tions of life will eventually replace 
tion of the National Catholic Youth t h e present uncertainty. Youth 
Council was to s t r e n g t h e n and ac- must necessarily play a vital p a r t 
centuate the growing consciousness in the a t t a i n m e n t of such stability 
on t h e p a r t of youth groups of and order. This makes t h e direc-
t h e i r opportunities to serve in the tion and guidance of youth t h e 
Christian apostolate. Webster de- most important work t h a t Church 
fines apostolate as "the office or or S t a t e can engage in. Our vision 
mission of an apostle" and clarifies of a better day cannot become a 
the definition by adding t h a t an reality unless the youth of t h i s 
apostle is "one sent f o r t h — o n e of hour, who will be the men and 
the twelve disciples of Christ, sent women of tomorrow, have develop-
f o r t h to preach t h e Gospel; more ed a character and disposition t h a t 
widely, any of the others sent f o r t h f a v o r s t h e a r t s of civilization and 
by Christ, or, as Paul and B a r n a - world peace. The Catholic Church, 
bas, soon a f t e r his death." A sec- which has lived t h r o u g h t h e r i s e 
ondary, and not irrelevant, mean- and fall of empires, the dissolution 
ing of t h e world apostle is "the of governments, and t h e extinction 
first Christian missionary in any of g r e a t civilizations, sees t h i s 
region; also, one who initiates any problem with crystal clarity. It, 
g r e a t moral r e f o r m . " I t is in t h i s alone of all, knows f r o m t h e ex-
sublime t r a d i t i o n of t h e term, perience of centuries, t h e profound 
d a t i n g back to the first Bishops of t r u t h t h a t peace and a settled 
the Church, t h a t we speak of a social order will come only when 
Catholic youth apostolate. The sole the youth of a transitional era a r e 
reason f o r t h e existence of a Cath- properly trained mentally, physi-
olic youth movement is to p e n e t r a t e cally, and by f a r above all else 
and r e f o r m the n a t u r a l temporal spiritually." 



THE CHURCH AND CHARITY 
BY REV. WILLIAM A. O'CONNOR 

Supervisor of Charities, Archdiocese of Chicago 
September 19, 1943 

The Cross is t h e hallowed sign of m a n d a t o r y w a y of living f o r men. 
t h e love of C h r i s t f o r men. I t is I t is t h e commandment of c h a r i t y 
a symbol as well of H i s command- which C h r i s t e n j o i n e d a t t h e L a s t 
m e n t of c h a r i t y which is to u n i t e S u p p e r : " A new c o m m a n d m e n t I 
all men, b r o t h e r s to one a n o t h e r give u n t o y o u : T h a t you love one 
and b r o t h e r s to C h r i s t , in t h e love a n o t h e r , as I h a v e loved you, t h a t 
of God. T h e Cross p o i n t s u p w a r d you also love one a n o t h e r . By t h i s 
to God. B u t i t s a r m s a r e a n in- shall all men know t h a t you a r e m y 
t e g r a l p a r t of t h e Cross itself. The disciples, if you h a v e love one f o r 
a r m s reach out to b r i n g all men a n o t h e r " ( J o h n 13:34-35). 
i n t o c o r p o r a t e union of b r o t h e r - T h g c h a r i t y o f C h r i s t h a g p o w e r 
hood and submission to God, where- t Q r e m a k e t h e w o r l d a g i t r e m a d e 
in is t h e hope of salvation f o r m a n ^ firgt C h r i s t i a n s . T h e l o v e 0 f 
a n d f o r society. m a n f o r m a n j n Q o d c a n y e t b r i n g 

A p a r t f r o m t h e love of God t h e r e ^ w o r ] d p e a c e w i t h j u s t i c e > a s u r . 
is no bond t o u n i t e all men a s c e a g e o f r a n c o r j f r e e d o m w i t h o u t 
b r o t h e r s . Blood, b i r t h , race, na-
t i o n , caste, condition, divide f r o m abuse, o r d e r w i t h o u t despotism, 
t h e r e s t of men those t h e y join to- I n s e p a r a b l y joined t o t h e Chris-
g e t h e r . Nor can t h e r e be t r u e love t i a n obligation. t o love all men in 
of God w i t h o u t love and service of God is t h e d u t y t o love and care 
o u r nei ghbor. U n d e r C h r i s t ' s p r e - f o r t h e poor which t h e Church h a s 
cept we b e a r a personal responsi- f a i t h f u l l y t a u g h t by word and, 
bility t o w a r d s o u r fellowman. H e more forcibly, by h e r example. T h e 
is o u r nei ghbor. H e is t h e b r o t h e r compulsion which is upon t h e 
of C h r i s t , Who will accept o u r ser- Church to show f o r t h C h r i s t t o 
vice to one a n o t h e r as done to H i m - every age engages h e r energies and 
s e l f resources in t h e service of t h e poor. 

T h i s is t h e c h a r i t y of C h r i s t . C h r i s t loved t h e poor. H e chose 
T h f s is t h e timeless and universal poverty f o r H i m s e l f . H e chose t h e 
t e a c h i n g of H i s Church. I t is p o t a poor f o r H i s f r i e n d s . H e w e n t 
f a n c i f u l a s p i r a t i o n . I t is God's a b o u t a m o n g t h e m doing good. H e 



THE CHURCH AND CHARITY 17 

had "compassion on t h e multitude" 
(Mark 8 : 2 ) . By inspiring h e r 
children to give t h e i r personal ser-
vice to t h e poor and to support her 
works of charity, the Church is 
f a i t h f u l to her mission which, Pope 
Leo X I I I says, "essentially consists 
in the s a n c t i f y i n g of souls and t h e 
doing of good to h u m a n i t y " (Aw 
Milieu). 

The notable distinction of Cath-
'olic c h a r i t y is not found in many 
centuries of service to t h e poor, 
nor in hundreds of properties and 
buildings dedicated to charity, nor 
in t h e rich v a r i e t y of t h e Church's 
provision f o r t h e care of the needy. 
The shining ornaments of the 
Church's charity a r e t h e many who 
are served in t h e i r need and afflic-
tion and the s p i r i t of dedication in 
those who serve them. 

The charity of the Church is 
pre-eminently t h e work of our reli-
gious Sisterhoods. Without our 
Sisters, who have l e f t all t h i n g s to 
follow a f t e r Christ, t h e Church 
could not begin to p e r f o r m h e r 
g r e a t mission of charity. Like 
Christ, t h e Catholic religious has 
deliberately chosen poverty f o r her-
self. She serves Christ daily in 
serving His b r e t h r e n , t h e poor. 
There is nothing spectacular about 
her quiet, beneficient work. She 
seems, as Cardinal Newman says, 
to "have determined, t h r o u g h God's 

mercy, not to have t h e praise or 
popularity t h a t t h e world can give, 
but . . . 'to love to be u n k n o w n ' " . 
She has not chosen an easy life. 
Long hours of the day and o f t e n 
late into the night, she washes and 
cooks and sews, welcomes and shel-
t e r s the homeless and the abandon-
ed, comforts t h e helpless aged, con-
soles t h e incurably sick, protects 
and guides t h e children in h e r 
charge, gives s t r e n g t h to t h e weak, 
courage to the despairing, sympa-
t h y and understanding to the a f -
flicted. She knows weariness and 
f a t i g u e . Yet h e r s is a life of deep 
peace and lasting joy, born of f o r -
getfulness of self and devoted 
t h o u g h t f u l n e s s of others in t h e ser-
vice of Christ. In her humility, 
her diligence, her devotion, and h e r 
joy she is the expression of t h e 
spirit of Catholic charity. 

In our own country and in our 
time, zeal and a r d o r f o r t h e cause 
of charity have set in motion one 
of t h e most momentous forces with-
in t h e Church. F o r more t h a n 
t h i r t y y e a r s bishops, priests, mem-
bers of religious communities, men 
and women of every condition, have 
studied, planned, and worked to-
gether to improve, to perfect, and 
to extend t h e work of Catholic 
charity. Their united and cooper-
ative effort m e r i t s t h e title of the 
Catholic Charity Movement in t h e 



18 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

United States. The spirit of devo-
tion, t h e intense vigor, and t h e 
solid accomplishment of t h i s move-
ment a r e as noteworthy as i t s pro-
gressive character, its courageous 
self-appraisal, and i t s dissatisfac-
tion with mediocrity in t h e service 
of the poor. 

The most f a i t h f u l achievements 
of the Catholic Charity Movement 
a r e the organization t h r o u g h o u t t h e 
country of diocesan c h a r i t y offices 
and t h e f o u n d i n g and development 
of the National Conference of 
Catholic Charities and of Catholic 
schools of social work. 

The Bishop in each diocese is 
responsible f o r the efficient admin-
istration of the charitable activit-
ies of the Church. The Bishop is 
called, "The F a t h e r of the Poor." 
D u r i n g the last twenty-five y e a r s 
the Bishops of t h e United States 
have organized central offices to co-
ordinate and to supervise varied 
and multiple works of charity, to 
determine deficiencies, and to de-
velop w h a t was wanting. Their 
characteristic and now f a m i l i a r 
name, The Catholic Charities, 
points to a common source of in-
spiration. I t is an i n t e r e s t i n g and 
a r r e s t i n g t h o u g h t t h a t t h i s modern 
and American development, an of-
fice f o r c h a r i t y t h r o u g h which t h e 
Bishop fulfills his grave obligation 
to care f o r t h e poor, is so close a 

counterpart to t h e system in t h e 
early Church. 

The National Conference of Cath-
olic Charities, the first f r u i t of t h e 
Catholic Charity Movement, h a s 
grown to be i t s voice and t h e in-
s t r u m e n t of i t s functioning. In t h e 
National Conference t h e r e a r e 
brought together and shared the 
traditions, t h e experience, t h e anxi-
eties, and t h e hopes of Catholic 
Charities. Through t h e National 
Conference and in t h e Catholic 
schools of social work Catholic 
thought and ideals of c h a r i t y find 
national expression, and study is 
fostered of t h e social sciences and 
of t h e modern developments of im-
proved methods in c a r i n g f o r the 
poor. All t h a t is found good and 
t r u e in w h a t is new is eagerly and 
quickly incorporated into t h e prac-
tice of Catholic c h a r i t y and into 
the t r a i n i n g of those to whom Cath-
olic Charities owes so g r e a t a debt, 
t h e Catholic laymen and women 
who have chosen c h a r i t y f o r t h e i r 
life work. 

Our agencies and institutions of 
charity are necessary and indispen-
sable in meeting u r g e n t and desper-
a t e needs. B u t it is t h e i r place in 
the field of Catholic charity to sup-
plement and complete, never to re-
place, t h a t neighborly service of 
personal, individual c h a r i t y which 
in country-side, town, or city is the 



THE CHURCH AND CHARITY 19 

American way, and in t h e p a r i s h is 
t h e Catholic way, of relieving t h e 
w a n t s of t h e poor. Neighborly as-
sistance given f r o m a sense of per-
sonal responsibility to t h e u n f o r -
t u n a t e is the most f u n d a m e n t a l and 
cherished f o r m of Christian char-
ity. We know best and love easiest 
w h a t is close to us. In the full 
flowering of Catholic charity in 
t h i s country every parish will be a 
center of charitable activity. I t 
will have a deep Catholic sense of 
parish responsibility f o r i t s own 
poor and will f o s t e r and express 
t h e religious life- of i t s people 
t h r o u g h i t s own works of charity. 
On t h a t blessed day not only indi-
vidual members of t h e p a r i s h b u t 
organized groups of parishioners 
will stand ready to serve t h e poor, 
gladly giving t h e i r time and ser-
vice, but above all, themselves. This 
is t h e ideal of Catholic charity. 

The f o u n d e r s of t h e Catholic 
Charity Movement were, f o r t h e 
g r e a t e r p a r t , members of the Soci-
ety of St. Vincent de Paul, t h e 
noble organization of Catholic men 
who follow Christ into t h e homes of 
the poor, which F r e d e r i c Ozanam 
founded in P a r i s over a century 
ago and which spread rapidly over 
the whole Catholic world. The Soci-
ety h a s b u t one aim, to s a n c t i f y its 
members t h r o u g h t h e i r personal 
service to t h e poor. In the United 

States more t h a n twenty-five thous-
and members of t h e Society are 
actively serving the poor in t h e i r 
parishes, visiting t h e sick in hos-
pitals, visiting prisoners in jails 
and in many other ways giving 
themselves generously and unobtru-
sively to t h e friendless and neglect-
ed. Today is Ozanam Sunday. The 
t h i r d Sunday of September h a s 
been especially dedicated by t h e 
Society of St. Vincent de Paul to 
earnest p r a y e r t h a t in God's wise 
and holy providence, F r e d e r i c Ozan-
am may be raised to t h e a l t a r s of 
the Church as a Saint, a model f o r 
t h e Catholic layman, whose person-
al service of t h e poor will b r i n g 
him to holiness of life by the very 
p a t h which Christ loved to walk. 

T h o u g h t f u l men and women a r e 
seriously concerned t h a t p r i v a t e 
charity and w e l f a r e associations of 
a voluntary character may con-
tinue to enjoy in our beloved coun-
t r y t h a t sympathetic welcome, gen-
erous support, and position of hon-
or which they have received in t h e 
past. A growing tendency of t h e 
S t a t e to exercise an exclusive mon-
opoly as it enters into every field 
of w e l f a r e is f r a u g h t with danger 
to the best interests of our coun-
t r y and to t h e f r e e exercise of reli-
gion. Our American and demo-
cratic t r a d i t i o n f a v o r s and supports 
a benevolent and sympathetic p a r t -



20 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

nership of p r i v a t e and public care 
f o r t h e poor. Unquestionably t h e r e 
is an obligation on t h e S t a t e to pro-
mote the w e l f a r e of its citizens and 
especially of t h e poor. But t h e 
S t a t e exercises t h i s i m p o r t a n t 
function of government in fullest 
and most harmonious accord with 
American t r a d i t i o n when it encour-
ages self help and t h e assistance of 
p r i v a t e citizens and voluntary as-
sociations before acting directly to 
b r i n g public aid. Public w e l f a r e 
p r o g r a m s should supplement, not 
compete with or submerge, p r i v a t e 
c h a r i t y in its traditional fields of 
work. 

W e l f a r e is not t h e exclusive con-
cern of government. He is surely 
as good a citizen who helps t h e poor 
personally or t h r o u g h p r i v a t e agen-

cies as he who pays taxes collected 
f o r t h e same purpose. I t is un-
seemly t h a t in c a r i n g f o r t h e poor 
rivalry and struggle f o r place 
should develop a f t e r so many years, 
of understanding and cooperation. 
Yet a very grave and critical issue 
is beginning to emerge which must 
be faced. 

The dignity and destiny of each 
individual person and his relation-
ship as a brother of Christ a r e reli-
gious concepts f u n d a m e n t a l to t h e 
practice of charity. The f r e e exer-
cise of religion includes t h e f r e e -
dom to practice charity. The de-
f e n s e against every force, of the 
r i g h t and duty of p r i v a t e c h a r i t y 
to serve the poor, is a defense of 
our American h e r i t a g e as well as 
of t h e charity of J e s u s Christ. 



CATHOLIC CHURCH AND EDUCATION 
BY RT. REV. JAMES T. O'DOWD 

Superintendent of Schools, Archdiocese of San Francisco 
September 26, 1943 

I t is not without significance t h a t F r o m those Franciscan founda-
t h i s address on Catholic Education tions, t h e r e h a s developed the Cath-
comes to you f r o m t h e city of San olic school system. A visitor to our 
Francisco, the city named a f t e r the country has called t h i s system t h e 
Seraphic St. F r a n c i s of Assisi. The g r e a t e s t single educational f a c t in 
name of t h e patron of t h i s city is t h e United States. Such a state-
intimately connected with t h e be- ment may seem to some to be an 
ginnings of education in the United exaggeration. But yet when we 
States. We may t r a c e t h e origin consider the number of schools con-
of educational work in t h i s country ducted by t h e Catholic Church in 
to the mission schools established America, the assertion h a s a real 
by the spiritual sons of St. Francis, foundation. In the United States a t 
t h e Franciscan F r i a r s . In Florida the present time, t h e r e a r e 2,584,-
in t h e year 1594 and in New Mex- 561 students a t t e n d i n g Catholic 
ico in 1589, t h e first opportunities educational institutions. These stu-
f o r education within the boundries dents are enrolled in 7,944 Catholic 
of the present United S t a t e s were elementary schools, 2,105 high 
provided by t h e Spanish F r a n c i s - schools, 168 colleges, 25 universi-
cans. H e r e in t h i s f a r western ties, and 181 seminaries. When we 
country we trace t h e beginnings of realize t h a t American , Catholics 
education to the twenty-one Cali- have built and supported these in-
f o r n i a missions founded by the stitutions without any financial aid 
saintly F a t h e r J u n i p e r o Serra* and f r o m t h e State, we a r e forced to 
his Franciscan companions. The conclude t h a t t h i s system of schools 
Franciscan mission schools in Flori- and colleges is unparalleled either 
da and New Mexico preceded by in t h i s country or abroad, 
several y e a r s t h e establishment of 

schools in t h e English colonies. In- The question readily comes to 
deed it is certainly appropriate to m i n d : Why do the Catholic people 
i d e n t i f y the name of St. F r a n c i s of America m a i n t a i n an elaborate 
of Assisi with t h e establishment of system of schools a t t h e expense 
schools in t h e United States. of millions of dollars when t h e i r 



22 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

children could attend public schools 
which they help to support as t a x -
payers? Surely t h e r e m u s t be se-
rious reasons f o r the course of ac-
tion which Catholics have adopted. 
And serious reasons t h e r e are. 
Primarily, Catholics have establish-
ed t h e i r own system of schools be-
cause they have a very definite an-
swer to the question: " W h a t is 
education?" The answer to t h a t 
question is of vital importance be-
cause upon it depends the kind of 
education which children are to re-
ceive. In approaching t h e Catholic 
answer to t h i s question, we may 
observe t h a t education has two 
m a j o r elements. There is a con-
s t a n t element and a variable one. 
Those who are f a m i l i a r with the 
t r e n d s of education will agree t h a t 
the m a j o r i t y of modern educators 
deal principally with changing fac-
tors, with methods of instruction 
and techniques of administration. 
They a r e not mainly concerned 
about the reason f o r teaching. 

The method of teaching or t h e 
science of education varies with the 
development of knowledge in t h e 
n a t u r a l and social sciences. An ad-
vance in psychology, or biology, or 
sociology may cause r a d i c a l 
changes in the character of an 
educational system. In f a c t , mod-
ern research has introduced many 
improvements in methods of teach-

ing and school administration. As 
a result t h e typical school to-day 
bears little resemblance t a the 'little 
red school house' of a f e w genera-
tions ago. In the main t h e re-
search of t h e competent psycholo-
gists and educators has b r o u g h t 
progress in education. However, 
because they emphasize experimen-
tation unduly, and neglect reflective 
thinking, many educators have 
come to believe t h a t the main real-
ity in education is change. They 
concentrate on the p a r t i c u l a r and 
changeable aspects and give a sec-
ondary place to t h e purpose of edu-
cation which is the more general 
and unchanging element. 

The stable element in education 
concerns man and his destiny; it 
concerns his relation to God. Edu-
cators m u s t have a definite under-
standing concerning t h e n a t u r e 
and destiny of man. If they lack 
this, then all methods and proce-
dures, no m a t t e r how scientific, will 
lack intelligent direction. In mak-
i n g à journey, our destination is of 
prime importance. Likewise in edu-
cation t h e first essential is knowl-
edge of the goal to which we a r e to 
lead the child. Of course t h e goal 
of education is the goal of life. It 
is determined by t h e n a t u r e and 
destiny which God has given to t h e 
child. 

The Catholic school gives a p r i -



CATHOLIC CHURCH AND EDUCATION 23 

m a r y place to the purpose of edu-
cation. T h e r e f o r e it bases i t s pro-
g r a m on t h e clear teaching of phil-
osophy and divine revelation con-
cerning t h e origin, nature, and des-
t i n y of man. T h a t teaching gives 
an answer to the momentous ques-
tions asked in all ages and so well 
expressed by Carlyle when he said, 
" B u t whence? 0 heaven, w h i t h e r ? " 
The Catholic knows the answer to 
t h e question of t h e whence, t h e 
what, and the w h i t h e r of life, p a r t -
ly by t h e use of human intelligence, 
more adequately t h r o u g h the word 
of God, speaking t h r o u g h t h e 
prophets in the Old Testament, and 
still more f u l l y t h r o u g h t h e word 
made Flesh, Our Lord Jesus 
Christ. And t h e answer is one 
known by the child in every Cath-
olic school—that man is unique in 
the universe; t h a t he is a union of 
body and soul created by a Personal 
God; t h a t he is a person w i t h a 
sacred d i g n i t y ; t h a t he has not 
here a lasting city b u t seeks one 
t h a t is to come. F o r t h e Catholic 
t h e ultimate goal of life is com-
plete union with God. T h a t is t h e 
t r u e t e r m of human progress. 
T h a t is the final end of the divine 
creative act. 

Since t h e Catholic h a s t h i s un-
d e r s t a n d i n g of the n a t u r e and 
destiny of man, he can only be 
satisfied with an education which 

is defined in t e r m s which respect 
man's sacred character and final 
end. With t h i s in mind, we m a y 
define education as t h e process 
whereby t h e physical, intellectual, 
social, and moral powers of a per-
son a r e so developed as to enable 
him to accomplish his l i f e work 
here and to a t t a i n his eternal des-
tiny. The l a t t e r p a r t of t h i s defi-
nition is a t least as i m p o r t a n t as 
the earlier. F o r Catholics it pre-
dominates. 

The implications of t h i s defini-
tion a r e obvious. Educational 
dogmas r e g a r d i n g religion and 
means must be selected which a r e 
in conformity with human n a t u r e 
and adequately suited to achieve 
the main purpose of human life, 
union with God. Certainly secular 
means will not be sufficient. The 
educator who embraces a secular 
philosophy considers man as t h e 
measure of all things. He believes 
t h a t man should seek ends which 
a r e exclusively human and n a t u r a l . 
He assumes t h a t all goals which 
claim to lie beyond n a t u r e and hu-
man life a r e illusory. He simply 
concentrates on man and ignores 
everything else. Therefore, in edu-
cation he chooses n a t u r a l means to 
achieve his n a t u r a l goal. Certainly 
means which a r e man-centered can-
not a t t a i n an end which is God-
centered. 



24 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

Nor can t h e s u p e r n a t u r a l goal of 
Catholic education be reached by 
methods and procedures which are 
erroneously termed neutral. There 
is no such t h i n g as n e u t r a l educa-
tion, f o r as P r o f e s s o r Harold R u g g 
has stated, "As we look upon life, 
so we teach. W h a t we believe, t h e 
loyalties to which we hold, subtly 
determine the content and method 
of our teaching." The professedly 
neutral school is actually secular, 
since it implies t h a t t h e principles 
of religion have no necessary con-
nection with t h e realities of life. 
Such a system of education pro-
claims a highly sectarian set of 
dogmas r e g a r d i n g religion and 
tends definitely toward indiffer-
entism. 

No, secular and n e u t r a l means 
simply will not do. To achieve the 
desired goal of l i f e and education, 
union with God in t h i s l i f e and 
h e r e a f t e r , adequate means m u s t be 
used. The only means adequate f o r 
such a sublime educational object-
ive is the school which begins and 
ends in J e s u s Christ, t h e religious 
school. In any school w o r t h y of 
the name Catholic, t h e t r u t h s of 
religion must enter into all the pro-
cesses of education. The entire 
school p r o g r a m m u s t be permeated 
with religious principles. As t h e 
poet Browning has said, 

"Religion is all or n o t h i n g ; its no 
mere smile 

O'contentment, sigh, or aspiration, 
s i r — 

No quality o' the finelier tempered 
clay, 

Like i t s whiteness or its lightness; 
r a t h e r stuff 

0 ' the very s t u f f ; l i f e of life, and 
self of self." 

Religion in the Catholic school 
is no mere s u b j e c t ; it is all or noth-
ing. I t is not "a side c u r r e n t 
a p a r t f r o m t h e main gulf-
stream of culture." R a t h e r it 
p e n e t r a t e s into every relation of 
t h e child and touches his every 
ideal and aim and act. This does 
not, of course, imply the continuous 
direct teaching of religion, b u t it 
does imply t h a t t h e approach to all 
subjects will be f r o m the Christian 
point of view. 

Moreover, t h e Catholic school is 
able to achieve unity in i t s in-
struction. I t sees t h e child as a 
whole child, possessing religious, 
intellectual, physical, and social 
powers given to him by Almighty 
God, as means to an end, union 
with Him. These powers a r e to be 
developed harmoniously—not with 
the lopsided development of t h e 
n a t u r a l man, the economic man, or 
t h e social man, b u t unto t h e full 
perfection of t h e Christian man, 
"the s u p e r n a t u r a l m a n who thinks, 



CATHOLIC CHURCH AND EDUCATION 25 

judges, and acts constantly and 
consistently in accordance with 
r i g h t reason, illumined by the su-
p e r n a t u r a l light of the example and 
teaching of C h r i s t ; in other words 
. . . the t r u e and finished man of 
character." 

In brief, such are the f u n d a m e n -
tal and serious reasons f o r t h e 
Catholic school system. By i t s 
schools, the Catholic Church in 
America is making an indispen-
sable contribution to t h e youth 
under its direction. Moreover, by 
its positive position it proclaims 
the inherently American principle 
t h a t religion is essential in educa-
tion. In recent years, we have 
h e a r d the voices of the presidents of 
two of the largest universities in 
t h e United S t a t e s u r g i n g American 
educators to r e t u r n to t h e religious 
w a y s of t h e i r f a t h e r s . F r o m New 
York we have heard t h e voice of 
D r . Nicholas M u r r a y Butler, the 
P r e s i d e n t of Columbia University, 
stating, "The separation of church 
and state is f u n d a m e n t a l in our 
American political order, b u t so f a r 
as religious instruction is concern-
ed, t h e principle h a s been so f a r 
departed f r o m as to p u t the whole 
force and influence of the t a x sup-
ported school on t h e side of one 
element of t h e population, namely, 
t h a t which is pagan and believes in 
po religion whatsoever." A plan 

was suggested by Dr. Butler where-
by . . . "school children and t h e i r 
p a r e n t s . . . would come to look 
upon religious instruction as vital-
ly important and as constituting an 
essential p a r t of t h e educational 
process." F r o m Berkeley in Cali-
f r o n i a , Dr. Robert Gordon Sproul, 
President of t h e S t a t e University, 
made t h e following s t r i k i n g state-
m e n t : "While I am a firm believer 
in t h e separation of Church and 
state, I also believe t h a t o u r people 
have carried t h i s principle to an 
extreme." He added, "Without the 
vital issues of religion, students 
m i g h t become merely efficient in 
t h e Nazi manner, and, t h e r e f o r e , a 
menace r a t h e r t h a n a help to civili-
zation and democracy. Something 
more t h a n brilliance, cleverness, 
and g e t t i n g degrees is needed in 
our educational system." These two 
leaders of American education 
recognize t h e f a c t t h a t a complete 
education is t h e r i g h t f u l h e r i t a g e 
of every American youth. They 
realize t h a t no p a r t of a complete 
education should be eliminated, 
least of all the religious p a r t which 
emphasizes our relation to God and 
our fellowman. 

This American principle of reli-
gion in education has been the soul 
of t h e Catholic educational t r a d i -
tion f r o m the days of the F r a n c i s -
can F a t h e r s to t h e present. The 
Catholic educator strives to be t r u e 



26 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

to t h a t t r a d i t i o n and desires to 
share its manifold t r e a s u r e s with 
others. He is interested not only in 
Catholic schools and colleges, b u t 
also in the best kind of education 
f o r all t h e children of all t h e peo-
ple. He remembers t h a t he is an 
apostle of Christ, who by Baptism 
and Confirmation is appointed to 
the service of his b r o t h e r s within 
t h e household of t h e f a i t h as well 
as to t h e service and edification of 
those who a r e potential members 

of Christ's Mystical Body. In all 
his efforts to a t t a i n the educational 
ideals of the Catholic school, union 
with God, he faces the f u t u r e with 
confidence. He knows t h a t with t h e 
help of a kindly and omnipotent 
Providence, he will not relinquish 
a r a y of splendor of his vision, nor 
a f r a g m e n t of t h e f a i t h which will 
lead him, and t h e children under 
his charge, with clear eyes t h r o u g h 
a lifetime of f r u i t f u l n e s s to the 
eternal city of God. 



THE CHURCH AND DECENCY 
BY VERY REV. JOHN J . McCLAFFERTY 

Executive Secretary, National Legion of Decency 
October 3, 1943 

These days as we move t o w a r d concern w i t h decency in all t h e 
t h e decision of blood we h e a r much, t h o u g h t s , words, actions, a n d a f -
we r e a d much, about decency. Ra- f a i r s of men. The Church would 
dio, t h e press, and t h e film c a r r y have men decent in i n t e r n a t i o n a l 
t h e w o r d s of s t a t e s m e n and n a - dealings, decent in national a f f a i r s , 
tional figures who aver t h a t decency decent in civic, social, and economic 
should and m u s t characterize t h e relations, decent in f a m i l y life, and 
actions of n a t i o n s in t h e post-war decent in r e c r e a t i o n a l and c u l t u r a l 
world—a decency s t e m m i n g f r o m p u r s u i t s . In fine, t h e Church would 
j u s t i c e and c h a r i t y — a decency is- have man decent in all his relation-
s u i n g f r o m respect of h u m a n dig- ships, would have man always and 
n i t y and r i g h t s . in all t h i n g s live in accord w i t h 

Decency is defined as p r o p r i e t y t h e h i g h c a l l i n £ o f h i s d i g n i t y and 
in conduct, speech, m a n n e r s , or y ' 
dress. T h a t is decent which be- The Church is i n t e r e s t e d in de-
comes, which befits, which is seem- cency because t h e Church is in-
ly a n d suitable. Becomes w h a t , t e r e s t e d in t h e moral law and in 
in these p r e m i s e s ? B e f i t s w h a t ? man. 
T h e d i g n i t y of m a n . rp, S t 1 . ... , . mKm 

T h e Church, i n s t i t u t i o n of God 
I t is h e a r t e n i n g t h a t s t a t e s m e n founded by Christ, is solicitous f o r 

talk about decency in t h e a f f a i r s of t h e eternal w e l f a r e and f o r t h e 
nations, t h a t t h e y a p p e a r really to temporal w e l f a r e of m a n as t h a t 
be interested in t h e f u r t h e r a n c e of temporal weal really conduces to 
decency in h u m a n a f f a i r s . They m a n ' s s p i r i t u a l well-being. 
and t h e people f o r whom t h e y hold The moral law is t h e p a t h w a y 
t h e t r u s t a r e b e i n g sorely t r i e d by to m a n ' s eternal happiness and t o 
t h e evils which indecencies have his ordered and p r o p e r temporal 
spawned upon t h e world. T h e w e l f a r e . T h e moral law p e r f e c t s 
Church h a s had, has, and will have m a n and leads him to t h e ends 
u n t i l t h e Church M i l i t a n t h a s which belong to h i s n a t u r e : self-
gained ther final Crown, a real t r u e preservation, p r o p a g a t i o n of his 



28 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

kind and t h e u p b r i n g i n g of off-
spring, p u r s u i t and a t t a i n m e n t of 
eternal t r u t h and goodness in com-
mon with other men. 

The Will of God f o r man is ex-
pressed in the moral law. " F o r 
t h i s t h e will of God, your sancti-
fication" ( I Thess. 4 : 3 ) . "God our 
Savior, who will have all men to 
be saved, and to come to the knowl-
edge of the t r u t h " (I Tim. 2 : 3 - 4 ) . 
The moral law is founded not up-
on any human social compact, not 
upon any s h i f t i n g base of relativ-
ism, but upon a real order involving 
the relationship of man to God, to 
himself, and to his fellowman, a 
relationship and order manifested 
t h r o u g h man's reason and God's 
revelation. 

The Church is interested in man. 
To man the Church extends the 
T r u t h and Goodness of God. To 
God the Church leads man. 

Man, " t h i s quintessence of dust," 
yet "how like an angel." Man, 
weighted with e a r t h and flesh, yet 
winged with t h o u g h t and spirit. 
Man, deprived by sin, ennobled by 
grace. Man, sometimes unhappily 
blind foolish servitor of Satan, yet 
f r e e creature and glorious child of 
God. Man, compared in the words 
of t h e Psalmist to the senseless 
beasts and "become like to them". 
But, again in the words of David 

"Man is a little lower than t h e an-
gels. Thou h a s t crowned him, 0 
God, with glory and honor. Thou 
hast set him over all the works of 
T h y hands." 

Bundle of contradictions and con-
t r a r i e t i e s , a r e n a of s t r i f e wherein 
clash the forces of good and evil, 
yet master of his own f a t e and 
captain of his own soul. Look to 
the challenge of God to m a n : " I 
call heaven and e a r t h to witness 
t h i s day, t h a t I have set before 
you l i f e and death, blessing and 
cursing. Choose t h e r e f o r e life t h a t 
both thou and t h y seed may live" 
(Deut. 3 0 : 1 9 ) . 

Man, puny against t h e power 
and expanse of the universe, yet 
special object of God's infinite love. 
God loved man enough to create 
him to His own I m a g e : "Let us 
make man to our image and like-
ness" (Gen. 1 : 2 6 ) . God loved man 
enough to redeem him a f t e r he had 
f a l l e n : "God so loved t h e world, as 
to give his only begotten Son" 
{John 3 : 1 6 ) . God loved man enough 
to s a n c t i f y h i m : "Know you not, 
t h a t you are the temple of God, and 
t h a t the S p i r i t of God dwelleth in 
y o u ? " (I Cor. 3 : 1 6 ) . God loved 
man enough to l i f t him to the level 
of a son in the Household of the 
F a t h e r : "Behold w h a t manner of 
c h a r i t y t h e F a t h e r h a s bestowed 
upon us, t h a t we should be called, 



THE CHURCH AND DECENCY 29 

and should be the sons of God" 
( I John 3 : 1 ) . 

God loved man enough to iden-
t i f y Himself in marvelous manner 
with h i m : "As long as you did it 
to one of these my least brethren, 
you did it to m e " (Matt. 2 5 : 4 0 ) . 

With dignity so sublime man is 
designed f o r destiny commensu-
r a t e : "Come, ye blessed of my 
F a t h e r , possess you t h e kingdom 
prepared f o r you f r o m t h e foun-
dation of the world" ( M a t t . 2 5 : 3 4 ) . 

The Church, interested in de-
cency because interested in the 
moral law, in the dignity, welfare, 
and destiny of man, Tias, within 
our times, t h r o u g h the voices of 
h e r Supreme Shepherds, the Vicars 
of Christ, asserted with force and 
clarity the dignity of man and t h a t 
the moral law governs all human 
actions, activities, affairs, and rela-
tions. 

Benedict XV, of blessed memory, 
and P i u s X I I now gloriously reign-
ing, have besought morality and 
decency in the a f f a i r s of nations. 

Leo X I I I and P i u s XI, both of 
blessed memory, and P i u s X I I , 
have appealed f o r morality and de-
cency in the social and economic 
orders. They have opposed anarchy, 
tyrannical collectivism, atheistic 
communism, and racism. They have 
upraided the exploitation of the 
worker. They have pleaded f o r the 

j u s t distribution and control of 
private property and national re-
sources, f o r a j u s t family wage, f o r 
equitable relationships between la-
bor and capital, and f o r the due ob-
servance of all human rights. 

P i u s X I in his encyclicals on 
Christian M a r r i a g e and on Chris-
tian Education assailed the evils 
t h a t t h r e a t e n the home and the 
mind of the child, and stated with 
vigor the Church's position relative 
to the n a t u r e and use of m a r r i a g e 
and to the t r a i n i n g of t h e young. 

But, t h e realm of t h e i n t e r n a t -
ional, the sphere of t h e social and 
t h e economic, the f a m i l y h e a r t h , do 
not comprise the totality of human 
relations. There remains the a r e a 
of cultural and recreational pur-
suits. 

Over seven years ago P i u s issued 
the encyclical on motion pictures. 
In t h i s letter addressed to all t h e 
bishops of the world P i u s X I com-
mended the bishops of the United 
States f o r t h e i r leadership in or-
ganizing the Legion of Decency as 
an effort on the p a r t of Catholics, 
Protestants, and Jews, and all 
high-minded persons, to recall t h e 
film industry to its great moral re-
sponsibility and t h u s discourage the 
production of motion pictures sub-
versive of the moral order. The 
Holy F a t h e r asserted t h a t to t h e 
cinema m u s t be applied the "su-



30 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

preme rule which m u s t direct and 
regulate even the highest a r t in 
order t h a t it. may not find itself in 
continual conflict with Christian 
morality or even simply with hu-
man morality based upon n a t u r a l 
law." "The essential purpose of 
a r t , " P i u s continued, "is to assist 
in the perfecting of the moral per-
sonality which is man. F o r t h i s 
reason it f a r t ] must itself be 
moral." 

P i u s would have the film not only 
not serve the moral ruin of the 
soul, b u t become a valuable auxili-
a r y of instruction. He would have 
the a r t i s t i c and technical progress 
of the cinema ordered to the Glory 
of God, the salvation of souls, and 
the extension of the Kingdom of 
God on earth. 

He counselled "unceasing univer-
sal vigilance" against the evil film, 
and urged the bishops of the whole 
world to unite in t h i s vigilance. 

He displayed an unusual insight 
into and conversance with the uni-
que nature, extent, and power of 
the film. 

He stated t h a t t h e motion pic-
t u r e has achieved "a position of 
universal importance among mod-
ern means of diversion," t h a t " t h e r e 
exists today no means of influenc-
ing the masses more potent t h a n 
the cinema." 

H e termed morally bad motion 
pictures occasions of sin, seducing 
young people along the ways of 
evil, showing life under false light, 
clouding ideals; destroying pure 
love, respect f o r marriage, and a f -
fection f o r t h e f a m i l y ; creating 
prejudices among individuals, and 
misunderstandings among nations, 
social classes, and races. 

He observed t h a t films morally 
good a r e capable of exercising a 
profoundly moral influence by 
arousing noble ideals of life, com-
municating valuable conceptions, 
i m p a r t i n g better knowledge of his-
tory, presenting t r u t h and v i r t u e 
under attractive forms, creating a t 
least t h e flavor of understanding 
among nations, classes, and races, 
championing the cause of justice, 
giving new life to the claims of 
virtue, and contributing positively 
to the genesis of a j u s t social order 
in the world. 

Thus P i u s X I bespoke t h e in-
terest of the Church in decency in 
motion picture entertainment, an 
interest born of t h e Church's in-
t e r e s t in the moral law and in man. 
Thus did t h e Holy F a t h e r seek to 
recall to ways of decency and mor-
ality, a potent medium of culture 
and recreation. The medium, the 
light of the screen *— a powerful 
light piercing the darkness of al-
most 17,000 t h e a t r e s and touching 



THE CHURCH AND DECENCY 31 

approximately 85,000,000 persons 
weekly in the U.S.A.—a p e n e t r a t -
ing light, reaching into souls, t h a t 
can cast shadows across souls as 
well as screens, compounded of 
light, shadow, color, movement, 
sound, and music— a persuasive 
light moving individuals to good 
or evil, moulding public opinion, 
shaping popular tastes, customs, 
and fancies, strengthening or weak-
ening standards of morality. 

In the encyclical on motion pic-
t u r e s P i u s stated t h a t "the Bishops 
of the United States are determined 
a t all times and at all costs to safe-
g u a r d the recreation of the people 
in whatever f o r m t h a t recreation 
may take." The Bishops in the 
words of Pius, " a r e under obliga-
tion to interest themselves in every 
f o r m of decent and healthy recrea-
tion because they a r e responsible 
before God f o r the moral welfare 
of t h e i r people even d u r i n g t h e i r 
leisure. Their sacred calling con-
s t r a i n s them to proclaim clearly 
and openly t h a t unhealthy and im-
pure entertainment destroys the 
moral fibre of the nation." 

The. Church, accordingly, has a 
proper and necessary interest in 
the recreation of her children. In 
modern industrial society where 
people labor under f a t i g u i n g and 
monotonous conditions, recreation 
in its manifold variety and expres-

sion has become a veritable neces-
sity. " B u t , " to quote the thought 
of Pius, t h i s recreation "must be 
worthy of the rational n a t u r e of 
man and t h e r e f o r e morally healthy. 
It must be elevated to the r a n k of 
a positive f a c t o r f o r good, and must 
seek to arouse a noble sentiment." 
To the nation P i u s uttered t h i s 
challenging w a r n i n g : "people who, 
in time of repose, give themselves 
to diversions which violate decency, 
honor or morality; to recreations 
which, especially to t h e young, con-
s t i t u t e occasions f o r sin, are in 
grave danger of losing their g r e a t -
est, even t h e i r national power." 

The Bishops of t h e United 
States, determined a t all times and 
a t all costs to s a f e g u a r d the re-
creation of t h e i r people, con-
f r o n t e d with a polluting deluge 
of indecent literature, organized in 
December, 1938, the National Or-
ganization f o r Decent L i t e r a t u r e 
as a dam against this p u t r i d flood. 
The National Organization f o r De-
cent L i t e r a t u r e periodically evalu-
ates c u r r e n t publications in t e r m s 
of decency, encourages newsdealers 
to cooperative in the crusade f o r 
decency in print, confers and coun-
sels with the publishers and distri-
butors of magazines. 

The Archdiocese of New York, 
within the confine of which a r e 
produced the g r e a t m a j o r i t y of the 



32 THE CHURCE 

plays of the legitimate stage, has 
f o r many years sponsored the Cath-
olic T h e a t r e Movement to provide 
moral guidance to theatregoers, 
and to advise with producers and 
playrights who in t h e i r good will 
seek counsel. 

The Church is interested in de-
cency because it is interested in the 
moral law and in man. The Church 
is concerned t h a t decency and mor-
ality characterize all human ac-
tions, activities, affairs, and rela-
tionships, including recreational 
and cultural pursuits. So the 
Church, interested in the dignity, 
the spiritual and temporal welfare 
of man, and in recreation enhanc-
ing t h a t dignity and welfare, would, 
have t h e cinema decent, the press 
decent, and the stage decent. W h a t 
has been said with reference to 
film, press, and stage may also be 
said with reference to radio. The 
Church would likewise have t h e 
radio decent in both its auditory 
and visual phases. 

[ IN ACTION 

Our present Holy F a t h e r , P i u s 
XII, in his first encyclical, "Dark-
ness over the E a r t h , " cites t h e er-
r o r s and evils which have proceed-
ed f r o m the poisoned well of the 
neglect and repudiation of religion 
and morality. 

Unhappily and paradoxically, in 
many instances in t h e past and in 
some instances today, the light of 
the screen has contributed to t h e 
"Darkness over the E a r t h " . In 
some instances footlights too have 
blackened, t h e ink of presses has 
thickened, and the glow of radio's 
electronic t u b e s h a s deepened, t h e 
"Darkness over the E a r t h " . 

Our Divine Lord has promised 
t h a t not even the gates of hell 
could or would prevail over His 
Church. Camera s h u t t e r s , r i s i n g 
curtains, shuttling presses, radio 
waves, will then never prevail over 
the Church—the Church interested 
in decency, because interested in 
the moral law, in man and his 
total welfare. 



THE CHURCH AND THE LAY APOSTOLATE 
BY REV. CHARLES A. HART 

Director, Washington Catholic Evidence Guild 
October 10, 1943 

W r i t i n g f r o m Rome in h i s f i r s t t h e y m o r e t h a n ever b e f o r e a chosen 
epistle t o h i s converts, mostly J e w - g e n e r a t i o n , a k i n g l y priesthood, 
ish, in A s i a Minor, St. P e t e r , first And t h e responsibility which fol-
head of t h e Catholic Church, r e - lows upon t h i s h i g h office, h e tells 
m i n d s t h e m of t h e i r n e w - f o u n d dig- them, is to proclaim to t h e world 
n i t y : "You [ a r e ] a s living stones t h e g r e a t v i r t u e of t h e Savior, who 
built up, a s p i r i t u a l house, a holy in g i v i n g t h e m t h e i r new f a i t h h a s 
priesthood, t o offer s p i r i t u a l sac- called t h e m out of t h e d a r k n e s s of 
rifices, acceptable to God b y J e s u s i g n o r a n c e and e r r o r to be s h a r e r s 
C h r i s t . . . You a r e a chosen gen- in H i s own marvelous l i g h t , 
eration, a kingly priesthood, a holy H e r e in these i n s p i r e d w o r d s of 
nation, a p u r c h a s e d people: t h a t St. P e t e r , my d e a r f r i e n d s , we have 
you m i g h t declare h i s v i r t u e s , who p e r h a p s t h e best expression of t h e 
h a t h called you out of d a r k n e s s Catholic doctrine of t h e lay apos-
into h i s marvelous l i g h t " (1 Peter tolate—or Catholic Action, as it h a s 
2:5, 9 ) . I t should b e recalled t h a t also been called. T h a t apostolate 
t h e s e w o r d s w e r e addressed, as I or " A c t i o n " h a s been officially de-
have said, t o m a n y of t h e chosen fined a s " t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n of t h e 
people who, by t h e i r covenant w i t h l a i t y in t h e apostolate of t h e h i e r -
God u n d e r t h e Old T e s t a m e n t , h a d a r c h y . " Such p a r t i c i p a t i o n in t h e 
a l r e a d y q u i t e p r o p e r l y considered p r i e s t l y apostolate, as St. P e t e r 
themselves a p r i e s t l y people s h a r - p o i n t s out, is p r e d i c a t e d upon t h e 
i n g in t h e g e n e r a l priesthood of p a r t i c i p a t i o n of every baptized 
all t h e J e w s . St. P e t e r r e m i n d s C h r i s t i a n in t h e priesthood of J e s u s 
t h e m t h a t by t h e i r conversion C h r i s t . 
t h e y a r e now p a r t — l i v i n g stones, I t would be i n t e r e s t i n g , if t i m e 
as he say—of t h e p e r f e c t p r i e s t - p e r m i t t e d , t o t r a c e f r o m p r i m i t i v e 
hood of J e s u s C h r i s t . H e ad- t i m e s t h e g r o w t h in t h e m i n d s of 
monishes t h e m in t h i s new and t h e Catholic l a i t y of an ever clear-
h i g h e r role to offer s p i r i t u a l sac- e r consciousness of t h e i r g r e a t dig-
rifices t h r o u g h J e s u s C h r i s t which n i t y a s p a r t i c i p a n t s in C h r i s t ' s 
will be acceptable t o God. T h u s a r e p r i e s t h o o d — a p a r t i c i p a t i o n into 



3 4 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

which t h e y e n t e r t h r o u g h t h e i r o r d e r s by which t h e l a y m a n i s 
s p i r i t u a l r e b i r t h in w a t e r and t h e fixed in t h e f u l n e s s of h i s position 
Holy Ghost, by which s a c r a m e n t in C h r i s t ' s Body and C h r i s t s 
t h e y become m e m b e r s of C h r i s t ' s priesthood. As B a p t i s m involves h i s 
Mystical Body. However, in t h e s e i n d i v i d u a l obligations, Confirmar 
f e w m o m e n t s of m e d i t a t i o n we t i o n establishes h i s social r e l a t i o n s 
m u s t content ourselves simply w i t h to o t h e r m e m b e r s of t h e Body and 
recalling t h e expression which to those n o t y e t m e m b e r s . T h e 
t h e doctrine received a t t h e confirmed Catholic" says S t 
h a n d s of t h e C h u r c h ' s g r e a t e s t Thomas, "accepts t h e power, as i t 
theologian, S t . T h o m a s Aquinas, in w e r e e* officio, of e x p r e s s i n g m 
h i s Sumrm Theologica. E x p r e s s i n g w o r d s h i s f a i t h in J e s u s C h r i s t , 
in exact t h o u g h t t h e t h i r t e e n cen- J u s t as t h e p r i e s t and bishop a r e 
t u r i e s of C h r i s t i a n t r a d i t i o n u p fixed in t h e i r places in t h e M y s t i -
t o h i s time, h e says t h a t t h e indel- cal Body b y Holy Orders, so does 
ible m a r k w h i c h t h e S a c r a m e n t of t h e l a y m a n secure h i s place by 
B a p t i s m i m p r i n t s upon t h e soul of B a p t i s m and Confirmation. H i s is 

i t s recipient, involves a t h r e e - f o l d not t h e place of t h e p r i e s t a n y m o r e 
s i g n - (1) Sign of distinction, i.e., t h a n t h e b r e a s t of a body is i t s 
i t s e p a r a t e s h i m f r o m t h e p a g a n h e a d - b u t it is obvious t h a t h i s 
world and establishes h i s m e m b e r - place is an indispensible one. 
ship in C h r i s t ' s Mystical B o d y ; (2) ^ ^ b r i r f l y w e h a v e t h e b a s i s 
Sign of obligation, i.e., it s i g n s h i m g ^ ^ l a y . a p o s t o l a t e , t h e firm 
w i t h t h e d u t y of o f f e r i n g t h e one f o u n d a t i o n i n C a t h o l i c d o c t r i l l e f o r 
sacrifice l e f t t o m a n which is alone ^ ^ ^ A c t i o n w h e r e b y t h e 
acceptable to God, namely sacrifice « B p a r t i c i p a t e i n t h e a p o s t o l a t e 
of t h e body and blood, soul and di- o f i f i ^ ^ a n d p r i e s t s . I f t h i s 
v i n i t y of J e s u s C h r i s t , God and t e a c h i n g Q f t h e C a t h o l i c l a y m a n ' s 
m a n ; (3) Sign of configuration, i.e., J g y h i g C h u r c h h a g b e e n o f t e n 
it s i g n s h i m w i t h t h e d u t y by r e a - ^ ^ g ^ l a y m a n > s m i n d s i n c e 
son of t h e p a r t i c i p a t i o n of all t h e | g b r e a k u p Q f c h r i s t i a n u n i t y i n 
baptized in C h r i s t ' s priesthood, to J V ^ ^ a n d . f | g 

become a n o t h e r C h r i s t configured, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t Q f e d 
or m a d e like, t o C h r i s t . M m a d f & ^ ^ s p e c t a t o r w a t c h -

S t T h o m a s goes on f u r t h e r to i n g h i s p r i e s t s and bishops c a r r y 
express t h e obligation of Confirma- on t h e w o r k e n j o i n e d b y J e s u s 

r h a t U ' — i m t h a t y m a n n o w 



THE CHURCH AND THE LAY APOSTOLATE 35 

knows t h a t in t a k i n g any such view 
of himself he h a s been the vic-
tim of j u s t one more e r r o r which 
has not t h e slightest foundation in 
sound Catholic doctrine or t r a d i -
tion. F o r it has always been t h e 
doctrine of t h e Catholic Church, no 
m a t t e r how much e r r o r has sought 
to obscure the f a c t , t h a t t h e r e can 
be no such t h i n g as a passive Cath-
olic in any order, lay or clerical, 
in t h e Church of Christ. I t h i n k 
t h a t within t h i s generation we have 
been gradually overcoming the dis-
ruption of t h e p a s t f o u r hundred 
y e a r s in t h e religious life of the 
Cafholic layman. We a r e gradually 
r e t u r n i n g to t h e normal life of ac-
tion which t h e Church h a s always 
presented to h e r children. Wher-
ever t h a t has not been the case 
t h e Church suffers. The religious 
history of our sister republic, Mex-
ico, points t h e f a c t . If today spir-
itual conditions a r e improving 
there, it is in considerable p a r t 
because of t h e recent revival of 
Catholic Action among the laity. A 
laity active with t h e i r p r i e s t s and 
bishops is t h e only one envisioned 
by Jesus Christ, t h e Church's 
Founder. 

I do not t h i n k t h a t I should be-
come laudatory of t h e activity of 
the Catholic layman in his Church. 
But n e i t h e r do I feel t h a t pessim-
ism is justified. In t h e amazing 

growth of the Catholic high schools 
and colleges in the United S t a t e s 
in t h e p a s t generation, Catholic 
Action has had a powerful n a t u r a l 
source f r o m which to draw. The 
Church has enormous assets in t h e 
vast number of trained, intelligent, 
eager, ^.nd interested laymen h e r e 
in America, such as h a s perhaps 
seldom been her f o r t u n e a t any 
period anywhere. The challenge to 
the Church in t h i s country is to 
organize, to channelize t h i s g r e a t 
power f o r t h e cause of Christ, t o 
make it effective in a world t h a t 
needs j u s t such an influence so des-
perately in t h i s world crisis. I 
should say t h a t a very substantial 
beginning has been made. There is 
a growing u n d e r s t a n d i n g on the 
p a r t of t h e layman of his proper 
place in the Church. 

To prove t h i s I need go no f u r -
t h e r t h a n the National Council of 
Catholic Men under whose auspices 
t h i s Catholic Hour h a s been con-
ducted f o r more t h a n t h i r t e e n 
years. This g r e a t council of men, 
together with the National Council 
of Catholic Women, has long acted 
as a clearing house f o r t h e num-
erous f o r m s of Catholic lay ac-
tivity. 

There is no single type of 
work f o r t h e cause of religion in 
which t h e layman is not now a 
tower of s t r e n g t h . We have but to 



36 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

recall some of them to realize t h e 
remarkable growth of the lay 
apostolate in the last q u a r t e r of a 
century. 

In t h e field of social and char-
itable work where the Church has 
always been so active, t r a i n e d lay 
social workers, nurses, and doctors 
—each with t h e i r own organiza-
tions—as well as thousands of p a r t 
time workers in such groups as t h e 
St. Vincent de Paul societies, t h e 
Ladies of Charity, and the Christ 
Child Society, and all impelled by 
a Christian view of society, take 
over an ever l a r g e r share of a 
t a s k which until comparatively re-
cently was borne almost entirely by 
religious. Today t h e t a s k is so much 
g r e a t e r t h a n ever before t h a t i t s 
accomplishment would be impos-
sible without t h i s constantly in-
creasing lay interest. Closely allied 
a r e t h e many f r a t e r n a l organiza-
tions established under religious in-
fluence which meet t h e need f o r 
social contacts, recreation, and aid 
in t i m e s of illness and death. The 
list of these societies, even if lim-
ited to those working on a national 
scale, is surprisingly long. 

The laity a r e finding in education 
under religious direction an ever 
enlarging sphere f o r t h e i r aposto-
late. As teachers particularly in 
the hundreds of high schools, col-
leges, and universities t h e y a r e 

bringing, with growing authority, 
t h e wise counsel of t h e layman to 
bear upon t h e education of t h e lay-
man. T h a t is as it should be and 
religious education of today cannot 
but profit thereby. In research 
work in history, education, science, 
and philosophy the Church is rais-
ing up a very considerable body of 
lay authorities. They a r e e n t e r i n g 
into leadership in organizations like 
t h e National Catholic Educational 
Association, t h e American Catholic 
Historical Association, and t h e 
American Catholic Philosophical 
Association. The Church in Amer-
ica is producing its own Maritains, 
Gilsons, and Bellocs—not as widely 
known indeed as these lay leaders 
f r o m Europe, b u t speaking with 
a m a t u r i t y of mind t h a t commands 
wide respect. Nor have t h e fine 
a r t s , especially t h e d r a m a t i c a r t of 
the* t h e a t r e , as powerful teachers 
of the good and t h e beautiful, been 
neglected—as witness the various 
growing organizations in these 
fields, largely of lay membership, 
working f o r t h e cause of t h e 
Church. 

In t h e closely allied work of w r i t -
ing and religious publication t h e 
laity a r e finding perhaps t h e i r 
g r e a t e s t opportunity f o r Catholic 
Action. Most of our religious pa-
pers and magazines a r e staffed al-
most entirely by laymen. The effect 



THE CHURCH AND THE LAY APOSTOLATE 37 

here, in t e r m s of b e t t e r understand-
ing of t h e Church in America, is 
undeniably g r e a t . We have come 
a long way since A1 Smith's 1928 
presidential campaign. Today big-
otry and falsehood know t h e y will 
be challenged by intelligent laymen 
who will demand retraction of falsi-
fiers and defamers. When all i t s 
weaknesses and omissions have been 
duly admitted and recorded, it is 
no exaggeration to say t h a t the 
laity in America a r e perhaps t h e 
greatest bulwark of t h e Church, 
the most active sector in religious 
life in t h e world today. 

P e r h a p s I may be pardoned if I 
add a final word to the record in 
behalf of those lay teachers of re-
ligion to t h e man in t h e s t r e e t who 
band together f o r t h e i r work in 
perhaps a dozen l a r g e r cities of 
the country—including the Nation's 
Capital—under t h e title of Cath-
olic Evidence Guilds. W i t h t h e ex-
ample of t h e London Catholic Evi-
dence Guild before them and t h a t 
of the g r e a t lay apostle, David Gold-
stein of Boston, these groups of 
carefully t r a i n e d laymen and lay-
women, assisted f r o m time to time 
by the clergy, have been presenting 
Catholic doctrine in religious f o r -
ums in city p a r k s and s t r e e t corners 
f o r t h e past decade. We have reason 
to know t h a t t h e work is j u s t as e f -
fective in smaller communities 

where t h e r e a r e f e w e r counter-at-
tractions. To many t h i s may seem 
a somewhat undignified m a n n e r of 
explaining Catholic doctrine— 
smacking of t h e soap-box and 
penny-on-the-drum. But t h e men 
and women engaged in t h i s type 
of apostolate differ f r o m t h e i r fel-
lows only in t h a t they have harken-
ed literally to Christ's command to 
teach all nations and all people, 
even those on t h e s t r e e t corners; 
to go out into t h e high-ways and 
by-ways; to become if you will, 
fools f o r Christ's sake as St. Paul 
u r g e d us all to be. It is to be hoped 
t h a t t h i s f o r m of lay apostolate, 
under t h e direction of t h e bishops 
of the various dioceses, will become 
t r u l y national as a f o r m of adult 
education. T h a t is the purpose of 
t h e National Catholic Evidence 
Conference which was formed 
twelve years ago f o r pooling 
experience on the presentation of 
evidence. We now need regularly 
conducted Catholic information 
centers in these and other towns 
to follow up the i n t e r e s t such f o r -
ums awaken. 

All of us m u s t recall only too 
painfully t h e severe s t r i c t u r e s our 
Divine Lord hurled a t t h e servant 
who, being given one talent, buried 
it. He kept it intact b u t he did not 
improve it by using it to enlight-
en his less f o r t u n a t e fellows. The 



38 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

Master was never more severe 
t h a n in His anathema against t h a t 
unprofitable worker. His w a r n i n g 
m u s t fill us all with t h a t salutary 
f e a r which is t h e beginning of 
wisdom. To the layman, whether 
Catholic or of other f a i t h , may I 
urge t h a t tossing a coin in a collec-
tion box—however large the c o i n -
is not enough in a world so openly 
hostile to religion. To p a r a p h r a s e 
a f a m o u s statesman, we are a t t h e 
end of beginnings. Intelligently, 

cogently, clearly, it is incumbent 
upon all followers of Jesus Christ 
to present His case—the case of 
T r u t h Incarnate—to all t h e world 
t h a t needs so desperately to hear. 
It is the bounden duty, of layman 
as well as cleric in t h e f a c e of the 
universal injunction of Our Lord 
and Savior, J e s u s C h r i s t : "Going 
t h e r e f o r e , teach ye all nations . . . 
all t h i n g s whatsoever I have com-
manded you" {Matt. 28:19, 20). 
God bless you. 



THE CHURCH AND THE MISSIONS 
BY VERY REV. GEORGE J . COLLINS, C. S. Sp. 

Provincial of the Holy Ghost Fathers 
October 17, 1943 

In t h e s e days probably m o r e f a t e f u l h a r b i n g e r of t h e dark, cold 
t h a n a t a n y o t h e r period of his- days of a n o t h e r d r e a r y w i n t e r , 
t o r y t h e r e is a u n i v e r s a l a p p r e c i a - T h e glorious p a g e a n t of every 
tion of t h e blessings of peace. F o r changing- color t h a t once s t i r r e d 
modern w a r , much m o r e t h a n i t s t h e i r h e a r t s to songs of e x u l t a n t 
ancient c o u n t e r p a r t , inflicts i t s t h a n k s g i v i n g , now a r o u s e s in t h e m 
h a r d s h i p s a s t r u l y on those who i n s t e a d t h e dire f o r e b o d i n g s of 
cling to h e a r t h and home, as on i m p e n d i n g p r i v a t i o n and misery, 
those who g i r d on t h e i r a r m o r and Is t h e Lord in heaven f o r g e t f u l 
m a r c h f o r t h to b a t t l e . T h e storied of t h e m i s e r i e s of t h e s e h i s chil-
glamor of w a r m a k e s no appeal dren, l a n g u i s h i n g on t h e bosom of 
to those who m u s t live amid t h e t h e once f r u i t f u l e a r t h ? Does He 
squalor and havoc it h a s created, no longer f e e l compassion on t h e 
Especially a t t h i s t i m e of t h e y e a r , m u l t i t u d e , a s H e did on t h a t oc-
when t h e s h o r t e n i n g days p o r t e n d casion when He f e d t h e f o u r t h o u -
t h e a d v e n t of g r e a t e r h o r r o r s de- sand w i t h t h e seven loaves and t h e 
scending f r o m t h e m i d n i g h t skies, f e w little fishes? No, H e does not 
t h e t o r t u r e d h e a r t of h u m a n i t y f o r g e t ; H e is not i n d i f f e r e n t to t h e 
in t h e w a r t o r n lands m u s t cry out s u f f e r i n g s of H i s fellowmen, b u t 
ever louder in i t s a n g u i s h : " H o w H e sees t h e s e s u f f e r i n g s in t h e i r 
long, 0 L o r d ? " (Isaias 6 : 1 1 ) . The p r o p e r perspective. " N o t in b r e a d 
s t a r v i n g peoples of E u r o p e , living alone doth m a n live," said He, " b u t 
in t h e r u i n s of w h a t once w e r e in every word t h a t proceedeth f r o m 
t h e i r homes, and in t h e bleak fields t h e m o u t h of God" (Matt. 4 : 4 ) . 
t h a t once w e r e t e e m i n g w i t h a n H e Himself is t h e W o r d of God, 
abundance of t h e good t h i n g s of and as such He is also t h e B r e a d 
life, h e r a l d t h e approach of of L i f e . As H e had compassion on 
a u t u m n , no longer now a s " t h e t h e m u l t i t u d e , t h e r e f o r e , because 
season of m i s t s and mellow f r u i t - t h e y h a d " n o t h i n g t o e a t , " so like-
f u l n e s s , close b o s o m - f r i e n d of t h e wise " h e h a d compassion on t h e m , 
m a t u r i n g gun," b u t r a t h e r a s t h e because t h e y w e r e as aheep not 



40 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

having a shepherd, and he began 
to teach them many t h i n g s " ( M a r k 
6 : 3 4 ) . 

" T h e Spirit of t h e Lord is upon 
me," He said, " w h e r e f o r e he h a t h 
anointed me to preach the gospel 
to the poor, he h a t h sent me to heal 
t h e contrite of h e a r t " ( L u k e 4 : 1 8 ) . 
T h a t was His p r i m a r y objective. 
He did not come on e a r t h merely 
to feed the h u n g r y or to heal t h e 
sick. He did not come merely to 
improve any or all of the condi-
tions of man's material existence. 
He said specifically: "My kingdom 
is not of t h i s world" ( J o h n 18:36). 
His chief concern was not with t h e 
n a t u r a l relations of man to man 
or nation to nation, but with t h e 
s u p e r n a t u r a l relation of all men 
and of all nations to one another 
and to God. His mission was to 
reestablish all men in the supernat-
u r a l relationship of beloved chil-
d r e n of His heavenly F a t h e r . 

The mission of the Church, too, 
is primarily supernatural. While 
ever anxious to improve the lot of 
her children in every possible way, 
and ever solicitous f o r the main-
tenance of f r i e n d l y relations be-
tween the nations, she does not 
dissipate her energies in p u r s u i n g 
the chimera of a man-made Utopia. 
Her objective is r a t h e r t h a t "all 
men . . . come to the knowledge of 
tJie t r u t h " ( I Timothy 2 : 4 ) , t h a t 

they "may believe t h a t J e s u s is I 
t h e Christ, the Son of God: and 
t h a t believing, [they]« may have 
life in his n a m e " ( J o h n 20:31). 
"No m a n cometh to the F a t h e r , I 
b u t by me," said Christ ( J o h n 14: I 
6 ) . He is " t h e way, and t h e t r u t h , I 
and t h e l i f e " ( J o h n 1 4 : 6 ) . He is I 
t h e Word who "was in the begin- I 
ning with God," in whom "was life, I 
and the l i f e was the light of men" I 
(John 1:2, 4 ) . Only to those who 1 
receive Him as such does He gives I 
"Power to be made t h e sons of I 
God, to t h e m t h a t believe in his I 
n a m e " ( J o h n 1 : 1 2 ) . This is t h e 1 
good t i d i n g s — t h e 'Gospel—which ] 
Christ commanded to be brought to I 
t h e knowledge of every creature, I 
to be f o r them a source of con- I 
solation and a guide of action. F o r I 
t h e Church is commissioned, not I 
only to enlighten t h e mind, but I 
also to i n s t r u c t t h e will: "Going I 
t h e r e f o r e , teach ye all n a t i o n s : bap- I 
tizing t h e m in the name of t h e I 
F a t h e r , and of t h e Son, and of t h e I 
Holy Ghost. Teaching them to ob- I 
serve all t h i n g s whatsoever I have I 
commanded you" (Matt. 28:19 : 20). I 

There is the command of Christ. I 
How has it been carried out? The I 
Apostles took t h a t command liter- I 
ally, and made t h e i r plans to c a r r y I 
the Gospel to every known land. I 
In the Acts of the Apostles we have I 
a w r i t t e n account of the missionary I 



THE CHURCH AND THE MISSIONS 41 

journeys of St. Paul. The labors 
of t h e other Apostles in spreading 
the Kingdom of Christ a r e known 
mostly by t r a d i t i o n . T h e i r suc-
cessors carried on still f u r t h e r the 
work of extending the domain of 
the Church. I t was particularly, 
however, the successors of St. 
Peter, t h e P r i n c e of the Apostles, 
who, as t h e y undertook St. P e t e r ' s 
task of governing t h e Church, also 
undertook the principal obligation 
of spreading the Gospel. The peo-

I pies of Europe owe the Christian 
I civilization and culture f o r the 

preservation of which they a r e 
now fighting, chiefly to the zeal 
of the Bishops of Eome in spread-
ing the Gospel of Christ. Thus we 

| see Pope Celestine sending St. P a t -
rick to preach t h e f a i t h in Ireland 
and Pope Gregory t h e Great send-
ing St. Augustine to labor f o r t h e 
conversion of England, and Pope 
Zachary s t r e n g t h e n i n g the hand of 
St. Boniface in his labors among 
the F r a n k s , by investing him with 
the a u t h o r i t y of Papal Delegate. 
Later we find the Popes St. Nich-
olas I, H a d r i a n II, and John V I I I 
laying the foundations of Chris-
tianity among the Slavic peoples by 
their approval and encouragement 
of the apostolic labors of SS. Cyril 
and Methodius. The people of t h e 
Scandinavian countries a r e indebt-
ed to Pope Gregory IV who sent 
St. Anschar to b r i n g t h e knowledge 

of Christ to t h e i r ancestors. Final-
ly, a p e r m a n e n t organization, t h e 
Congregation f o r the Propagation 
of the F a i t h , was established by 
Pope Gregory XV in 1622, f o r the 
express purpose of c a r r y i n g on t h e 
missionary work of t h e Church in 
countries t h a t had not yet accepted 
Christianity. 

The last 150 y e a r s have wit-
nessed a remarkable spreading of 
the Church t h r o u g h o u t t h e entire 
world, and a constant increase in 
missionary spirit amongst clergy 
and people alike. Numerous congre-
gations of men and women have 
s p r u n g up, especially devoted to 
work in the Missions, t h u s provid-
ing additional laborers to assist t h e 
members of t h e older religious or-
ders who have borne "the burden 
of the day and t h e heats," in g a t h -
ering the harvest of t h e Lord. The 
people have assisted by providing 
f o r these soldiers of Christ t h e ma-
terial sinews f o r t h e spiritual con-
flict of w r e s t i n g souls f r o m t h e 
g r a s p of Satan, and by p r a y i n g t h e 
Lord to shed His grace in abun-
dance both on His missionaries and 
on those f o r whom they labor. 
Grouped together in societies such 
as the Society f o r t h e Propaga-
tion of t h e F a i t h , the Association 
of the Holy Childhood, and others 
too numerous to mention, t h e i r 
p r a y e r s and t h e i r alms have up-
held the a r m s of the missionaries 



42 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

outstretched like Moses' to im-
plore God's blessing on his people. 

The history of t h e missions in 
these later years shows how God 
has responded to these u n r e m i t t i n g 
efforts and these u n t i r i n g prayers, 
as little by little t h e Church ad-
vances in h e r work of pushing 
Satan f r o m his last strongholds on 
e a r t h , and establishing in his place, 
the Christ, t h e Son of God. T h a t 
t h i s work has advanced beyond 
mere infiltration into t h e enemy's 
lines, is evidenced by t h e spectacle 
of Chinese and Japanese, Indian 
and A f r i c a n , Malayan and Poly-
nesian, offering up now, f o r t h e i r 
own people in t h e i r own lands, t h e 
self-same Sacrifice t h a t Christ Him-
self offered in time gone by f o r all 
mankind on t h e a l t a r of the Cross. 
Scattered t h r o u g h these missionary 
lands a r e 7,000 native p r i e s t s and 
45 native bishops, with 12,500 na-
tive seminarians offering a b u n d a n t 
promise f o r t h e f u t u r e . As t h e 
Popes have f r e q u e n t l y pointed out, 
t h e presence of native p r i e s t s and 
bishops in a land is an evidence 
t h a t t h e Church h a s been estab-
lished t h e r e on a solid foundation. 
The day when these pagan coun-
t r i e s will be completely conquered 
f o r Christ is not h e r e yet, b u t i t s 
sun is slowly beginning to appear 
above the horizon. 

I t would be a mistake, however, 

to look only a t t h e b r i g h t side of 
the picture. The Church is on 
t h e offensive, it is true, but the 
road to final victory is long and 
tedious. Only a mere h a n d f u l of 
souls in these missionary countries 
have accepted the doctrines of 
Christ. Millions and millions of 
others have still never h e a r d of 
His gracious Personality, and of 
H i s yoke t h a t is sweet and His 
burden t h a t is light. They also 
must h e a r H i s voice and follow 
Him so t h a t t h e r e may be one Fold 
and one Shepherd. There are thou-
sands of priests, brothers, and 
nuns laboring in many lands to en-
lighten these children of God who 
have gone a s t r a y concerning t h e i r 
noble destiny, and to b r i n g them 
all to t h e "Shepherd and Bishop 
of t h e i r souls" (I Peter 2 : 2 5 ) . But 
other thousands are needed. There 
are thousands of f a i t h f u l souls a t 
home leagued together to assist 
these missionaries by t h e i r p r a y e r s 
and contributions. Other thousands 
a r e needed to c a r r y on t h e work 
and keep it ever growing. 

This is t h e essential work of the 
Church, to make Christ's Person-
ality known and His precepts obey-
ed f r o m one end of t h e world to 
the other. Whatever else may have 
to be accorded attention because of 
t h e exigencies of time and place, 
t h e extension of Christ's Kingdom 



THE CHURCH AND THE MISSIONS 43 
on e a r t h must always receive f u l l 
priority both in t h e allocation of 
the human agents who a r e to be 
God's i n s t r u m e n t s in t h i s r e g a r d , 
and in supplying these agents with 
all the material assistance they re-
quire. The Church is animated 
with the sentiments of t h e g r e a t 
Apostle St. Paul, who wrote to 
the C o r i n t h i a n s : "If I preach t h e 
gospel, it is no glory to me, f o r a 
necessity lieth upon m e : f o r woe 
is unto me if I preach not t h e 
gospel" ( I Cor. 9 : 1 6 ) . Like him 
she considers herself a " d e b t o r " 
to preach the Gospel "to the Greeks 
and to t h e b a r b a r i a n s , to the wise 
and t h e unwise" {Rom. 1 : 1 4 ) . 
Those souls have caught t h e t r u e 
spirit of Christianity who a r e 
animated with a similar zeal to 
make Christ known and loved by 
all men. 

"How b e a u t i f u l upon t h e moun-
tains," says t h e prophet Isaias, 
"are t h e f e e t of him t h a t b r i n g e t h 
good tidings, and t h a t preacheth 
peace: of him t h a t sheweth f o r t h 
good, t h a t preacheth salvation, t h a t 
saith to Sion: Thy God shall 
r e i g n ! " (Is. 5 2 : 7 ) . T h a t is t h e 
work of t h e missionary as it was 
the work of Christ, to b r i n g to all 
men the good tidings of salvation. 
If t h a t s u p e r n a t u r a l message is 
accepted, in i t s entirety, by t h e 
nations as by individuals, t h e bless-

ings of t h e n a t u r a l order will fol-
low perforce, and in much g r e a t e r 
measure t h a n if they were made 
the p r i m a r y object of p u r s u i t . I t 
is only when the supremacy of t h e 
s u p e r n a t u r a l is recognized t h a t t h e 
n a t u r a l can come to i t s full de-
velopment. I t is only when men 
give glory to God in the highest 
t h a t they will have peace on t h e 
e a r t h . 

In t h e philosophy of t h e Chris-
t i a n mind, t h e improvement of t h e 
domestic, political, and internation-
al relations of mankind is to be 
sought, not as an end in itself, b u t 
only as the by-product of man's 
betterment in the s u p e r n a t u r a l or-
der. "Seek ye t h e r e f o r e first t h e 
kingdom of God, and his justice, 
and all these t h i n g s shall be added 
unto you," is the divine g u a r a n t e e 
of t h e t r u t h of t h a t philosophy. 
The nations, however, have pre-
f e r r e d to be guided by t h e p r u -
dence of man r a t h e r t h a n by t h e 
wisdom of God. They have per-
sisted in t h e i r r e f u s a l to accept 
the philosophy of Christ in t h i s 
regard, and in t h e i r reluctance to 
c a r r y out t h e course of action t h a t 
He advocates. They have rejected 
the s u p e r n a t u r a l bond of u n i t y 
among men, and have placed t h e i r 
reliance instead on the material, 
on t h e existence of common inter-
ests and common f e a r s . As the 



44 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

Lord said of old to t h e prophet 
J e r e m i a s : "My people have done 
two evils. They have f o r s a k e n me, 
the f o u n t a i n of living water, and 
have digged to themselves cisterns, 
broken cisterns, t h a t can hold no 
w a t e r " ( J e r . 2 : 1 3 ) . 

In these days, t h e r e f o r e , when 
all men of good will a r e p r a y i n g 
f o r the coming of peace, they should 
p r a y also f o r t h e coming of t h e 
Kingdom of Christ, both in t h e 
h e a r t s of those who have not yet 
heard of Him, and in the h e a r t s 
of those who have already accepted 
Christianity in theory, but shrink 
f r o m p u t t i n g t h a t theory into prac-

tice. The only peace w o r t h having 
is t h e peace of Christ secured by 
t h e reign of Christ. 

Man's dream of everlasting peace 
among the nations of t h e world 
will remain only a dream until the 
individual nations and t h e i r lead-
e r s recognize t h a t t h e i r power on 
e a r t h is subject to a g r e a t e r Power 
in Heaven; and un^il they ac-
knowledge t h a t in making t h e i r 
decisions concerning t h e division 
and the regulation of t h e dominions 
of t h e earth, they m u s t ever respect 
the r i g h t s , and obey t h e laws, of 
the s u p e r n a t u r a l Kingdom of 
Heaven. 



THE CHURCH AND INTERRACIAL JUSTICE 
BY REV. JOHN LaFARGE, S. J . 

Chaplain, Catholic Interracial Council, New York 
October 24, 1943 

The p r e s e n t p r o g r a m of t h e Cath- The Church gives a n s w e r s to t h e 
olic H o u r is devoted to practical deepest problems of e t e r n i t y , b u t 
topics. When we speak of t h e she gives practical a n s w e r s also to 
Church in Action we a r e telling a those of time. She a n s w e r s those 
story, and a v e r y g r e a t story. We problems which affect o u r s p i r i t u a l 
a r e showing how t h e Church f o u n d - life, affect o u r love and service of 
ed by J e s u s C h r i s t is healing t h e God. One of these problems g r o w s 
wounds of mankind, like t h e Good more difficult as t h e world g r o w s 
S a m a r i t a n of whom t h e Savior older and more civilized: T h i s is t h e 
s p e a k s : Counseling t h e d o u b t f u l , problem of h u m a n unity, t h e ques-
consoling t h e s o r r o w f u l , encourag- tion how t h e d i f f e r e n t groups and 
ing t h e hopeful, and s t r e n g t h e n i n g n a t i o n s and races of men can l e a r n 
the bonds of h u m a n society. t o live t o g e t h e r on t h e f a c e of t h i s 

T h e Church tells m a n t h a t he h a s much-troubled globe, 
here no a b i d i n g home. We a r e made T h e C h u r c h is deeply interested 
f o r e t e r n i t y , and all t h e genius and in t h i s question. H e r Divine 
wisdom of all t i m e can make n o t h - F o u n d e r , J e s u s Christ, t h e n i g h t 
ing out of t h i s l i f e b u t a p a s s i n g b e f o r e H i s Crucifixion, p r a y e d t h e 
pilgrimage. I t is a brief t i m e in F a t h e r in Heaven t h a t all men 
which to believe, to live, to suffer, m i g h t be one, as H e and H i s F a t h -
and to die. Yet t h e C h u r c h is not e r a r e o«e. S a i n t Paul, t h e Apostle 
i n d i f f e r e n t to t h e conditions of t h a t of the Gentiles, told t h e A t h e n i a n s 
pilgrimage. H e r Divine F o u n d e r t h a t God had made of one kind all 
w r o u g h t t h e miracle of c h a n g i n g the n a t i o n s of t h e e a r t h , and he re-
w a t e r into wine so t h a t t h e g u e s t s minded his C h r i s t i a n followers t h a t 
at t h e m a r r i a g e f e a s t should be we should all live and t r e a t one an-
merry, t h a t t h e d i g n i t y of m a t r i - other as m e m b e r s of one s p i r i t u a l 
mony should be symbolized, and t h e Body, whose head is C h r i s t H i m -
bride and groom would be b e t t e r self. Our Holy F a t h e r , Pope P i u s 
prepared, b e t t e r equipped, to c a r r y X I I , in h i s l a t e s t m e s s a g e t o t h e 
out t h e i r l i f e - t a s k of building _ a Universal Church ( M y s i t i c i Corp-
noble and G o d - f e a r i n g home. oris), bids all men to " t u r n t h e i r 



46 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

gaze to the Church" and "contem-
plate h e r divinely given unity by 
which all men of every race are 
united to Christ in the bond of 
brotherhood." As children of one 
F a t h e r , all a r e endowed with t h e 
same immortal soul, all a r e subject 
to the same r i g h t s and obligations. 
The social teaching of the Catholic 
Church recognizes no exceptions on 
t h e score of race or color when it 
comes to t h e question of f u n d a -
mental human r i g h t s . 

If we are going to live together 
in unity upon the face of t h e globe 
we cannot, according to Catholic 
teaching, make or permit any such 
exceptions to be made. We say to 
an employer: Look, here is the 
f a t h e r of a family. He has a w i f e 
to support, his children to educate, 
his obligations to p e r f o r m as a citi-
zen and as member of a Christian 
community. You must pay him 
wages sufficient to p e r f o r m his 
duty. You, or the community of 
which you f o r m a p a r t , m u s t see 
t h a t he has proper conditions f o r 
t h e exercise of f a m i l y life, proper 
recreational facilities, proper s a f e -
guards f o r health. But w h a t if t h e 
employer replies: Yes, I agree to 
all that, because this man is of my 
own race. But when he is a man 
of another race, I cannot recognize 
these r i g h t s on his p a r t , b u t must 
t r e a t him as an i n f e r i o r . The 

Church's answer will b e : No such 
exceptions can be made, f o r they 
are contrary to human unity. They 
are a violation, says our present 
Pontiff, Pope P i u s X I I , of "the uni-
versal law of human solidarity and 
charity," which is the law of 
Christ's Kingdom. 

The world today, unfortunately, 
presents a picture very different 
f r o m t h a t which Christian teach-
ing would like to have realized. I t 
is a world where race is being in-
flamed against race, where certain 
races a r r o g a t e to themselves t h e 
r i g h t to dominate over all others. 

We have seen the terrible effect 
of such teaching as proclaimed by 
Hitler in Europe. The Nazi rac-
ism seems to us unbelievable, yet a 
younger generation is being t r a i n -
ed to accept it without question, j 
Witness to its ravages are the 
graves of Jews and Christians slain 
in the name of this teaching, in 
E a s t e r n Europe. 

We are not immune f r o m such 
teaching, and some f o r m s of it have 
struck deep roots into our national 
life. Its poison is still capable of 
rousing a mob to reckless fanatic-
ism. 

In view of such a picture, t h e 
Catholic Church, with her sublime 
teaching on human unity, cannot 
rest indifferent. Interracial justice 
is her answer. This doctrine 



THE CHURCH AND INTERRACIAL JUSTICE 47 

teaches t h a t t h e relations between action can be found t h a n t h a t which 
racial groups should be governed, concerns the situation of t h e Ne-
not by false theories of essential groes in t h i s country. A recent 
racial superiorities, but by the survey, made by Catholic students 
Christian teaching as to the spir- of the problem, showed t h a t the 
itual dignity of the individual hu- Negro community is a glaring ex-
man person, and the essential unity ample of the results of neglect and 
of mankind. artifically arrested progress. Among 

Within the sacred confines of her t h e conditions peculiar to the Negro 
temples, the Catholic Church daily community, reports this survey, a r e 
enacts a spectacle which is in it- t h e following: 
self the denial of all t h a t race S E G R E G A T I O N : With a grow-
hatred would proclaim. Before her ing population, there exists a scar-
altars kneel, in complete equality, city of living accommodations, and 
men of a 11 nations and races. All resultantly higher rents, overcrowd. 
receive together the sacred Body ing, and unhealthy living condit-
and Blood of the Lord, and all are ions. 
united together by the common U N E M P L O Y M E N T : Is found 
sharing of the Savior's Person. To t o a f „ g r e a t e r e x t e n t 
this most sacred and intimate bond r o e s t h a n a m o n g ^ i n 
of personal intimacy with the God- A m e r i c a n M w i t h ^ h 

Man, no b a r s of race, color, or na- percentage on the relief rolls, 
tionality are tolerated. H e r priests T , , , . „ „ „ • 
are drawn f r o m all races, and black L ° W , W A f S : W h e r e N e * r o e s 

priests offer the Holy Sacrifice of • B B B • U n d e r the ab' 
the Mass a t Catholic a l t a r s here in n ° r m a l c o n d l t l o n s o f w a r t i m e - they 
the United States, equally honored r e c « v e ' ^ a rule a wage much low-
by t h e i r own racial brethren and I H t h a t P & l d 1 ° t h e r S f o r d o " 
by white Catholics. mBS H I BeCaUSe the 

l a t h e r s of families are denied a 
But her action is not confined to living wage, many mothers a r e ob-

her church sanctuaries and altars, liged to go out to work to supple-
She goes out into t h e highways and m e n t the family income. With 
byways to meet t h i s evil on its own both f a t h e r and mother away f r o m 
ground, and demands t h a t inter- home, the children, l e f t without 
racial justice shall be p u t practi- parental supervision, are the more 
cally into effect. subject to mischief, delinquency, 

No more practical field f o r such and crime. Race prejudice denies 



48 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

the Negro employment in jobs f o r 
which he is amply qualified. Cer-
tain types of labor unions are griev-
ous offenders in t h i s regard. 

As a result, the n a t u r a l leaders 
of the race a r e obliged to devote 
all their efforts f o r its welfare, and 
all their energies, to the problem of 
securing the basic r i g h t s and priv-
ileges of citizenship. Until these 
fundamental, natural, and civic 
r i g h t s are granted, the Negro com-
munity tvill be denied the benefits 
of the leadership of those best 
qualified to direct the race's pro-
gress. 

For this reason groups of Cath-
olic men and women, of both races, 
are working in different p a r t s of 
the country to remedy such disor-
ders by whatever means are a t hand 
—of public education and constant 
representation of those who a r e in 
a position to apply the proper cor-
rectives. This is b u t a beginning, 
a small beginning, in view of the 
vast amount of work t h a t needs to 
be done. But it is a vigorous be-
ginning, and t h e Catholic p r o g r a m 
f o r interracial justice is making 
steady progress, winning wider and 
wider circles of support among the 
clergy and the laity of the United 
States. 

You may a s k : but is such action 
realistic? O r is it aiming a t a 
Utopia which can never be a t t a i n -

ed? How can a change be made in 
the deep-seated prejudices of men? 
The answer is t h a t t h i s program is 
entirely realistic, and t h a t f o r two 
good reasons. 

The first is t h a t a t r u l y Catholic 
program must necessarily be real-
istic. The Church deals with peo-
ple not as they are imagined to be, 
but as they a r e ; she deals with liv-
ing persons, not with masses and 
abstractions. F o r t h a t reason in-
terracial justice, as conceived in 
t h e Catholic sense, is not satisfied 
with generalities, b u t deals with 
specific problems and t h e specific 
prejudices which cause these prob-
lems. I t believes t h a t people can 
learn to overcome t h e i r prejudices, 
and t h a t these will yield t o educa-
tion, to t h e persistent, quiet, but 
effective presentation of the facts. 

On t h e other hand, the p r o g r a m 
f o r interracial justice takes an im-
p o r t a n t t r u t h into account. No m a t -
t e r how successfully prejudice is 
dissipated, t h i s will mean little or 
nothing unless t h e r e is a corre-
sponding progress in t h e race 
against which the prejudice is di-
rected. Our country cannot s u r -
vive, and we can have no social 
peace, if the Negro and other min-
ority groups are not fully integ-
rated into the life of t h e country— 
into our religious l i f e and our civic 
life. As long as they are burdened 



THE CHURCH AND INTERRACIAL JUSTICE 49 

with the weight of race prejudice, 
t h i s integration can never t a k e 
place. But in order to be fully in-
tegrated, the race must be built up, 
spiritually and materially. I t must 
be educated, and learn to educate 
itself. I t must develop its leaders, 
strengthen its inner resources. In-
terracial justice, therefore, battles 
on two f r o n t s : a w a r f a r e against 
injustice and prejudice, a campaign 
f o r the spiritual and educational 
progress of the race. 

One evening last August I was 
watching a sight which illustrated 
the simple t r u t h s t h a t I have j u s t 
spoken. I t was the amazing work 
of salvaging the f o r m e r ocean liner 
Normandie, now the Lafayette. 

Out of the ship's hold were being 
pumped g r e a t cascades of w a t e r 
and, as the streams poured over her 
deck, the immense bulk of the hull 
was steadily r i g h t i n g itself. A giant 
measuring rod t h a t hung f r o m the 
boat's stern down into the water 
was slowly, imperceptibly, being 
pulled higher and higher. Already, 
by t h a t date, the deck, which had 
lain over a t an angle of ninety de-
grees, half buried in the Hudson 
River mud, was now listing at an 
angle of but some t h i r t y degrees, 
and soon would be practically hori-
zontal. The wide, dirty, black band 
which had marked the ship's line 
of submersion, was now lifted f a r 

above the water level. T h a t band 
was a grim reminder of the f a t e 
that had befallen the once mighty 
vessel; yet was now a pledge of 
the freedom she would experience 
again—freedom f r o m t h a t clinging 
mud, which seemed to mock and 
baffle all human ingenuity, all me-
chanical power. 

The work of r i g h t i n g the Nor-
mandie was a t r i u m p h of engineer-
ing wisdom. Out of 5,000 plans, one 
was chosen, which was dishearten-
ing in its complexity and tedious-
ness. Two great processes had to 
go hand in hand. The vast bulk of 
the ship had to be strengthened, 
girded f r o m within, protected 
against cracking and breaking. Con-
crete was poured into her bulk-
heads, and armies of engineers and 
workmen planned and welded the 
bonds t h a t would hold her f o r m to-
gether. Yet all the time the work 
of r i g h t i n g and f r e e i n g the ship's 
hull was proceeding. Nothing was 
allowed to d r i f t , nothing would 
have taken place without the steady 
forces being applied t h a t once more 
brought back the Normandie, as in 
f o r m e r days, upon an even keel. 

So with the great work of bring-
ing back to a level t h e lives of 
those of our fellow citizens which 
are submerged in crime or poverty 
or ignorance because of racial an-
tagonism, the work of f r e e i n g these 



50 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

lives f r o m the clinging mud of r a -
cial prejudice.' The level sought is 
the level of justice and charity, t h e 
freedom sought is t h a t of equal op-
portunity, whereby a man and his 
family may sail safely to the port 
of eternal salvation. As the bonds 
a r e loosed, so the f a b r i c of the f a m -
ily and the race must be built up, 
t h r o u g h the g r e a t missionary apos-
tolate of the Christian Church, 
through the work of devoted lead-
ers of both races, t h r o u g h zeal and 
self-sacrifice and cooperation. 

This is a mighty work and a dif-
ficult one; but so are all t h i n g s 
which are worth while. Is it im-

possible? Are we to yield to those 
who clamor t h a t nothing can be 
done, who cry d e f e a t ? I recall the 
motto of the engineering company 
which so notably effected the sal-
vage of the Normandie. "The dif-
ficult t h i n g s we do at once," says 
the motto; "the impossible takes a 
little longer." So, too, in the m a t -
t e r of interracial justice. T h a t 
which is difficult we shall do at 
once. T h a t which is impossible will 
take a little longer; but it will 
still be done, f o r all things a r e 
possible to Him whose power knows 
no defeat, whose Kingdom is the 
Kingdom of t h e ages. 



THE CHURCH AND THE SERVICE MEN 
BY REV. LAWRENCE F . SCHOTT 

Diocesan Military Deputy, Diocese of Harrisburg 
October 31 ,1943 

T h e Church h a s gone to w a r — accordingly He founded a n o r g a n -
h e r sons a r e t h e r e — s h e is by t h e i r ization which should c a r r y on H i s 
side. In a previous series of ad- m i s s i o n — C h r i s t established H i s 
dresses in t h e Catholic H o u r , t h e Church which would be p r e s e n t eve-
Chaplains r e p o r t e d to you f r o m t h e r y d a y of every y e a r and would 
fighting f r o n t s . T h i s b r o a d c a s t is service w i t h God's g r a c e all souls 
t h e observation of a p r i e s t who h a s who came to it. 
been privileged to be w i t h your C h r i s t ' s Church r e m a i n s t h e same 
service sons on t h e t r a i n i n g f r o n t , in every a g e ; h e r f o u n d a t i o n is t h e 

T h e t o w e r i n g shadow of J e s u s r o c k — P e t e r . The means of sanc-
C h r i s t falls across t h e c e n t u r i e s tification she is to a d m i n i s t e r were 
d o m i n a t i n g all men of all time. A t definitely established by h e r Divine 
t h e instance of H i s Heavenly F a t h - F o u n d e r . T h e r e can be no change 
er, t h e Son of God comes to e a r t h in t h e Church, t h e only a d j u s t m e n t 
to redeem t h e s i n f u l souls of hu- t h a t can be made to b r i n g more 
m a n i t y ; t h e m e r i t s of H i s death grace to men's souls is to a r r a n g e 
on t h e Cross overflow t h e demands more methods by which more men 
of God's j u s t i c e a n d t h e cleansing can come more o f t e n to t h e f a u c e t s 
flood r u s h e s back to p u r i f y those which lavishly pour t h e i r s a v i n g 
who preceded C h r i s t in time, flood upon all souls within r a n g e 
touches those who associated w i t h of God's beneficence. The Church 
H i m d u r i n g H i s brief visit to e a r t h , will use every avenue possible t o 
and s u r g e s f o r t h to cleanse t h e b r i n g God's grace to souls—that is 
countless g e n e r a t i o n s who will fol- h e r only purpose of existence. Eve-
low H i m . Salvation is f o r all men r y t h i n g not evil m u s t be pressed 
and t h e normal channel by which into service so t h a t no soul m a y 
God's g r a c e flows to souls is t h r o u g h perish f r o m t h i r s t in t h e d e s e r t of 
t h e Church which C h r i s t established o r d i n a r y living. Those who a r e 
f o r t h a t purpose. The Son of God's charged w i t h t h e guidance of t h e 
direct m i n i s t r a t i o n s to souls on Church have only one criterion f o r 
e a r t h w a s of s h o r t d u r a t i o n ; Christ all t h e i r planning—will it b r i n g 
usually works in n a t u r a l w a y s ; more souls in contact w i t h God's 



52 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

grace? Every a d j u s t m e n t of t h e 
Church must be examined by this 
gauge and not be found wanting. 

In times of war, because the souls 
of so many young men go hurriedly 
and untimely before the E t e r n a l 
Judge, it is critically important t h a t 
no moment be lost in ushering souls 
into the divine intimacy which is 
the state of grace. In times of 
peace we might t a r r y and experi-
ment and delay; but promptness, 
even rapidity, is vital in an emer-
gency. When the dark clouds t h a t 
presaged w a r began to g a t h e r on 
the horizon, the Bishops of the 
United States, blessed with the spir-
itual vision with which God endows 
t h e i r positions, designated as the 
organization which would serve as 
the Church's special medium of 
charity to servicemen-—the Nation-
al Catholic Community Service. 

In the first World War many dif-
f e r e n t agencies of the Church were 
active in bringing aid to the Ser-
vicemen. P r o m i n e n t among these 
groups were t h e National Catholic 
W a r Council, and the Knights of 
Columbus which merited the high 
praise of our men f o r t h e i r kind-
ness and g r e a t generosity. In the 
present emergency, an inclusive or-
ganization, comprising and coordi-
n a t i n g all the facilities of t h e 
Church, was to be the i n s t r u m e n t 
of t h e Church in marshalling all 

the abilities of every Catholic to 
the war effort. 

When the country needed help 
to enlist community resources so 
t h a t the displacements of w a r might 
not work havoc in men's souls and 
in their lives, the United Service 
Organizations was founded and the 
National Catholic Community Ser-
vice became the Member Agnecy of 
the Catholic people to participate in 
t h i s aspect of war work. USO 
is known now familiarly and affec-
tionately around t h e world as the 
f r i e n d of those in the service of 
t h e i r country. I t is a typically 
American organization f o r it rec-
ognizes differences; the six agencies 
which are united in this effort were 
not intended to lose t h e i r identity 
and all be forced to conform to 
one set p a t t e r n (Our enemies use 
such tactics). America has room f o r 
diversified opinions—men respect 
the thoughts of others although they 
do not understand them. The 
NCCS is as Catholic as any Cath-
olic American home—any American 
would feel a t home in its clubs and 
expect to have his ordinary needs 
cared f o r , and a Catholic would find 
t h e r e those additional ministrations 
which s a t i s f y his unique religious 
requirements. 

The NCCS serves soldiers, sail-
ors, marines and a i r corps men 
—men and women war-workers in 
overburdened communities—women 



THE CHURCH AND THE SERVICE MEN 53 

in the Service—and the wives and 
sweethearts of the servicemen. 

We can hardly imagine an Amer-
ican home anywhere in t h i s land 
which would not welcome those 
Americans who have been displaced 
by war-service or by war-work, 
and yet service men and women 
and war-workers would be reluctant 
to stop in and make demands on 
the ordinary home. Where the w a r 
impact has caused abnormal condi-
tions, t h e USO is set up as the 
community home where all may 
have an opportunity to shield and 
shelter the s t r a n g e r s within our 
gates. This is the American way 
of bringing a home to all those who 
are .forced by circumstances to be 
absent f r o m t h e i r ' homes; this is 
the American way of reaching arms 
of mercy across the continent and 
enfolding all our loved ones in t h e i r 
charitable embrace. 

The number of Catholic young 
men and women in the service of 
their country and on the assembly 
lines of our w a r industries is ex-
ceedingly large in these United 
States. This is not too difficult to 
understand when we remember t h a t 
Catholic families are comparatively 
arge. I t was revealed recently t h a t 
f r o m Brooklyn, N. Y., 10 Catholic 
families had each given 6 sons to 
their country's service; the tragedy 
of the loss of the five Sullivan broth-
ers is still f r e s h in all our minds. 

The Chaplains have already report-
ed to you on t h e Catholic Hour and 
in other ways the response of these 
young people to their religion, when 
a priest is able to be with t h e m ; 
the National Catholic Community 
Service assists these Chaplains and 
helps to s a t i s f y the religious needs 
of this constantly growing army. 
Because t h e i r needs a r e not only 
material b u t spiritual a priest is 
assigned as moderator f o r each of 
the centers. The Catholic has been 
trained to share his most intimate 
confidences with the priest and to 
follow his m a t u r e and experienced 
judgment in religious matters. Spir-
itual difficulties and sin-laden souls 
may be righted through the use of 
the Sacrament of Penance. W h a t 
peace of mind comes to the Cath-
olic p a r e n t s who receive a letter 
f r o m their son or daughter telling 
them t h a t they have righted things 
with God! Even the tone of a Gov-
ernment telegram announcing the 
death of a beloved son is softened 
when the memory of t h i s prepara-
tion assures them of his eternal 
s a f e t y with God. Instruction and 
counsel in religious m a t t e r s can be 
given over a cup of hot coffee or 
in the midst of a boxing show or 
a basketball game; much helpful 
advice can be p r o f e r r e d (and with-
out repugnance to the listeners) as 
a priest sits through a movie with 
them or observes the gyrations of 



54 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

t h e latest j i t t e r b u g a r t i s t s . Neglec-
ted Confirmation can be remedied, 
m a r r i a g e s properly prepared and 
witnessed, frequency a t the Sacra-
ments encouraged and arranged, 
and the whole stream of religious 
knowledge and practice widened 
and deepened. The priest usually 
finds himself a most welcome visitor 
to t h e i r group, he understands 
them, he respects t h e i r confidences, 
he is empowered with the spiritual 
means to renew and increase grace 
in t h e i r souls—the p r i e s t is a 
friendly bond with t h e i r homes, he 
is the f a m i l i a r chain which ties 
them to God—he is loved—he is 
used—and t h a t is reason enough 
f o r his f a t h e r l y interest in these 
clubs. 

Do others feel displaced as such 
attention is meted out to the Cath-
olic visitors? No, each receives ex-
actly w h a t he chooses. The wide 
and m a t u r e experience of the priest 
is available—they need but to ask 
f o r i t , as they soon learn. They 
are encouraged to give religion first 
place in t h e i r lives according to 
the light of t h e i r own consciences. 

In addition to the religious aids 
which are available in these clubs, 
there is a constant program of 
wholesome recreation which drives 
away homesickness and b r i n g s f o r -
getfulness of military routine and 
gives an outlet f o r the normal zest-
f u l activity of young people. Our 

hostesses, knowing the weakness of-
every man, young and old, have pre-
pared and served oceans of coffee 
and mountains of food like mother 
used to make. 

In our work religion is under-
stood to be an intelligent design f o r 
living and not a m a t t e r of an hour's 
endurance on a Sunday morning. 
The young men and women, whom 
we serve, are doing a g r e a t deal of 
serious t h i n k i n g and they must 
come to some reasonable solutions 
or they become b i t t e r and f r u s -
t r a t e d . God and souls and re-
ligion m u s t fit into t h e p a t t e r n of 
life or we are existing in a mad-
house. The war and fighting and 
death must have some deep spir-
itual significance or everything is 
hopeless. In the charity-in-action 
of t h i s work a new stress is placed 
upon the second of God's two in-
clusive commandments—the love of 
neighbor—and a new understanding 
is achieved of the reason f o r this 
human love i n our love of God. 
Building upon these firm founda-
tions, tolerance and cooperation re-
ceive a new interpretation and 
meaning. T h a t the service men and 
women understand and appreciate 
these clubs is evidenced by t h e i r 
own words. 

F r o m England comes this com-
ment : "Six weeks ago I visited your 
club, it was the first time in my 



THE CHURCH AND THE SERVICE MEN 55 

life t h a t I w a s personally i n t r o -
duced to charity, a t e c h a r i t y , slept 
charity, lived c h a r i t y — t h i s s o r t of 
t h i n g gives us, who a r e now fight-
ing, new hope t h a t t h e r e ' s g o i n g to 
be a lot of c h a r i t y a r o u n d in t h e 
world we a r e t r y i n g to build f o r 
our tomorrows. God bless you all 
and keep you helping u s boys." 
F r o m A f r i c a a v e r y f r e q u e n t visitor 
of old w r i t e s : "Your USO b r o u g h t 
home to me t h e real m e a n i n g of 
equality and f r a t e r n i t y . T h e r e we 
had a n organization operated by 
t h e N a t i o n a l Catholic Community 
Service t h a t r e p r e s e n t e d only one 
of t h e m a n y religions of t h e world. 
I t m u s t be said t h a t to your o r g a n -
ization, t h e r e w a s only one t h i n g 
i m p o r t a n t , t h e c o m f o r t and peace 
of mind of a soldier. Be he Cath-
olic, P r o t e s t a n t , Jew, Atheist, 
H e a t h e n , or w h a t ; be h e black, 
white, brown, red, o r even yellow, 
it made no difference, we w e r e all 
t h e same and in t h e same boat. 
Equality, f r a t e r n i t y , t h e s e two 
words never fitted any other o r g a n -
ization more t h a n t h e y do your 
USO. F r o m you I learned t h e i r 
t r u e meaning, and a lesson never 
to b e f o r g o t t e n . " 

N e v e r a day goes by t h a t some-
one who h a s been benefited by 
t h e USO does not w r i t e back to 
these clubs to give e m p h a t i c ex-
pression of g r a t i t u d e . T h e y will 
always remember t h e kindness t h a t 

greeted t h e m in t h e s t r a n g e land 
of b e i n g away f r o m h o m e ; t h e 
USO w a s t h e i r other-home, t h e i r 
travelling-home, t h e i r home n e a r 
t h e camp. The v i r t u e s t h a t we ex-
pect in homes of A m e r i c a n s m u s t 
always be p r o m i n e n t in these sub-
s t i t u t e homes—we w a n t these f u -
t u r e f a t h e r s and m o t h e r s to u n d e r -
s t a n d w h a t t h e i r c o u n t r y values, 
w h a t t h e y a r e fighting f o r , and 
w h a t m u s t be p r e s e n t in t h e i r post-
w a r homes. T h e N a t i o n a l Catholic 
Community Service is endeavoring 
in i t s own w a y to impress upon 
everyone who comes into contact 
w i t h i t t h a t religious living—pay-
i n g to God and to every m a n w h a t 
is t h e i r j u s t due—is t h e only stable 
f o u n d a t i o n f o r our beloved country. 
America m u s t show t h e w a y ; we 
m u s t not only feed and clothe t h e 
bodies of a w a r - s h a t t e r e d world b u t 
we m u s t u n d e r s t a n d and direct and 
service t h e souls of a bewildered 
populace. The s p i r i t u a l w o r k s of 
mercy a r e more i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h e 
corporal works of m e r c y — t h e soul 
is of infinitely more value t h a n t h e 
body. I t is a deposit in soul-divi-
dends t h a t N a t i o n a l Catholic Com-
m u n i t y Service is m a k i n g now, i t 
is an investment in soul-bonds 
which is b e i n g made b y devoted 
s t a f f s and f a i t h f u l volunteers and 
generous c o n t r i b u t o r s . T h e fighting 
f r o n t s of t h e world a r e manned b y 
boys who c a r r y h a p p y memories 



56 THE CHURCE [ IN ACTION 

of the home-fronts where it touched 
and sustained and supported them 
— t h e i r USO Clubs. The N a t -
ional Catholic Community Service 
is alleviating suffering, dispensing 
charity, n u r t u r i n g patriotism, deep-
ening spirituality, in short doing 
God's work among men. And He, 

whose Kingdom is not of t h i s 
world, Christ our Savior, to whom 
we pledge new allegiance on t h i s 
His Kingship day, He f o r whom 
all t h i s is being done, will be His 
own reward to those whose h e a r t s 
and hands bleed with charity f o r 
those who need it. 



THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHOLIC HOUR 
(Extract from the address of the late Patrick Cardinal Hayes 

at the inaugural program of the Catholic Hour in the 
studio of the National Broadcasting Company, New 
York City, March 2, 1930.) 

Our congratulations and our gratitude are extended to the 
National Council of Catholic Men and its officials, and to all 
who, by their financial support, have made it possible to use 
this offer of the National Broadcasting Company. The heavy 
expense of managing and financing a weekly program, its 
musical numbers, its speakers, the subsequent answering of 
inquiries, must be met. . . . 

This radio hour is for all the people of the United States. 
To our fellow-citizens, in this word of dedication, we wish to 
express a cordial greeting and, indeed, congratulations. F o r 
this radio hour is one of service to America, which certainly 
will listen in interestedly, and even sympathetically, I am 
sure, to the voice of the ancient Church with its historic 
background of all the centuries of the Christian era, and 
with its own notable contribution to the discovery, explora-
tion, foundation and growth of our glorious country. . . . 

Thus to voice before n vast public the Catholic Church is 
no light task. Our prayers will be with those who have t h a t 
t a s k in hand. We feel certain t h a t it will have both the 
good will and the good wishes of the great majority of our 
countrymen. Surely, there is no true lover of our Country 
who does not eagerly hope for a less worldly, a less material, 
and a more spiritual standard among our people. 

With good will, with kindness and with Christ-like sympa-
thy for all, this work is inaugurated. So may it continue. 
So may it be fulfilled. This word of dedication voices, there-
fore, the hope t h a t this radio hour may serve to make known, 
to explain with the charity of Christ, our faith, which we 
love even as we love Christ Himself. May it serve to make 
better understood t h a t f a i t h as it really is—a light revealing 
the pathway to heaven: a strength, and a power divine 
through Christ; pardoning our sins, elevating, consecrating 
our common every-day duties and joys, bringing not only 
justice but gladness and peace to our searching and ques-
tioning hearts. 



86 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS 
In 3 8 S t a t e s , t h e District o f C o l u m b i a , a n d Hawaii 

Alabama Mobile ...... ......... ....WALA 1410 kc 
Arizona Phoenix .:.... „ . . KTAR 620 kc 

Tucson _ KVOA 1290 kc 
Yuma K Y U M 1240 kc 

Arkansas Little Rock .Clll • , K A R K * 920 kc 
California Fresno . K M J 580 kc 

Los Angeles 9 — KFI 640 kc 
San Francisco ....... ,.KPO 680 kc 

Colorado j Denver . ...„. ..._KOA 850 kc 
District of Columbia Washington W R C 980 kc 
Florida Jacksonville W J A X 930 kc 

M i a m i -, ......WIOD 610 kc 
Pensacola W C O A 1370 kc 
Tampa „ . . . I W F L A 970-620 kc 

Georgia Atlanta É ... .WSB 750 kc 
Savannah „ .. .. W S A V 1340 kc 

Idaho Boise s, . , _ _ KIDO 1380 kc 
Illinois Chicago ... W M A Q 670 kc 
Indiana Fort W a y n e W G L 1450 kc 

Terre Haute ..... r. | W B O W 1230 kc 
Kansas Wichita ..... K A N S 1240 kc 
Kentucky Louisville ..... W A V E * 970 kc 
Louisiana New Orleans W S M B 1350 kc 

Shreveport KTBS 1480 kc 
Maine Augusta ... J ......WRDO 1400 kc 
Maryland Baltimore W B A L 1090 kc 
Massachusetts Boston ... . W B Z 1030 kc Springfield . W B Z A 1030 kc 
Michigan Detroit | ... . W W J * 950 kc 

Saginaw — . - W S A M 1400 kc 
Minnesota Duluth-Superlor ;...WEBC 1320 kc 

Hlbblng W M F G 1300 kc 
Mankato .....KYSM 1230 kc 
Rochester KROC 1340 kc 
Virginia W H L B 1400 kc 

Mississippi Jackson W J D X 1300 kc 
Missouri Kansas City „ . W D A F 610 kc 

Springfield K G B X 1260 kc 
Saint Louis ....KSD* 550 kc 

Montana Billings KGHL 790 kc 
Bozeman ..... ... K R B M 1450 kc 
Butte KGIR 1370 kc 
Helena S S S p g KPFA 1240 kc 



86 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS 
In 3 8 S t a t e s , t h e District o f C o l u m b i a , a n d H a w a i i 

Nebraska Omaha ..........I,.........: . „ . : . . . . „ . . . . W 0 W 590 kc 
New Mexico Albuquerque ... .'. KOB 1030 kc 
New York Buffalo . , . . W B E N 930 kc 

New York W E A F 660 kc 
Schenectady : ....... .....WGY 810 kc 

North Carolino Charlotte WSOC 1240 kc 
Raleigh — . Z Z . W P T F 680 kc 
Winston-Salem . W S J S 600 kc 

North Dakota Bismarck .. .... K F Y R 550 kc 
Fargo ......... "."_...!.......WDAY 970 kc 

0 h , ° Cleveland — . . . . . W T A M 1100 kc 
Lima — I k ..... W L O K 1240 kc 

Oklahoma Tulsa KVOO 1170 kc 
0 r e 9 ° n Portland KGW» 620 kc 
Pennsylvania Allentown ... W S A N 1470 kc 

Altoona ........WFBG 1340 kc 
Johnstown : ....... W J A C 1400 kc 
Lewrstown — W M R F 1490 kc 
Philadelphia K Y W 1060 kc 
Pittsburgh .. KDKA 1020 kc 
Reading — • W R A W 1340 kc 
Wilkes-Barre ............... W B R E 1340 kc 

Rhode Island Providence ........ W J A R 920 kc 
South Carolina Charleston .. W T M A 1250 kc 

Columbia W S Z i . W I S 560 kc 
Greenville ::....._.;. § W F B C 1330 kc 

South Dakota Sioux Falls .........KSOO-KELO 1140-1230 kc 
Tennessee Klngsport .....WKPT 1400 kc 

Nashville V " r •„•.„•¿•t—WSM« 650 kc 
T e x a s Amarli lo ........—;.......— KGNC 1440 kc 

Dallas . . . . — 8 2 0 kc 
I 1 S S -V- ....KTSM 1380 kc 
Fort Worth ........Si.iS. . W B A P * 820 kc 
Houston ...KPRC 950 kc 
San Antonio W O A I 1200 kc 
Weslaco ........... KRGV 1290 kc 

Virginia Norfolk . — ..:....,.. W I A R * 790 kc 
Richmond W M B G 1380 kc 

Washington Seattle — 1 KOMO 950 kc 
Spokane -—.vftS. -'--.. ......KHQ 590 kc 

Wisconsin Eau Claire W E A U 790 kc 
LaCrosse W K B H 1410 kc 

Hawaii Honolulu .........: .... ...„.v......... KGU 760 kc 
* Delayed Broadcast 

(Revised as of December, 1943) 



CATHOLIC HOUR RADIO ADDRESSES IN 
PAMPHLET FORM 

Prices Subject to change without notice. 
OUR SUNDAY VISITOR is t h e authorized publisher of all CATHOLIC 

HOUR addresses in pamphlet f o r m . The addresses published to date, all of 
which a r e available, a r e listed below. Others will be published as they a r e 
delivered. 

Quantity Prices Do Not Include Carriage Charge 
" T h e Divine R o m a n c e / ' by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 80 pages 

and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c each. I n quantities, 
$8.75 per 100. 

" A Trilogy on P r a y e r , " by Rev. Thomas F . Burke, C.S.P., 32 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 8c each. I n quantities, 
$5.50 p e r 100. 

"The Philosophy of Catholic Education," by Rev. Dr. Charles L. 
O'Donnell, C.S.C., 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or 
more, 8c each. I n quantities, $5.50 per 100. 

"Christianity and the Modern Mind," by Rev. J o h n A. McClorey, S.J., 
64 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c each. In 
quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

"The Moral L a w , " by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 88 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 20c; 5 or more, 15c each*. I n quantities, $10.50 p e r 100. 

" C h r i s t and His Church," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Joseph M. Corrigan, 88 
pages and cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 15c each. In 
quantities, $10.50 per 100. 

"The Marks of the Church," by Rev. Dr. J o h n K. Cartwright, 48 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. I n quantities, 
$6.50 p e r 100. 

"The Organization and Government of the Church," by Rev. Dr. F r a n -
cis J . Connell, C.SS.R., 48 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 
o r more, 8c each. I n quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

"Moral Factors in Economic L i f e , " by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Francis J . H a a s 
a n d Rt. Rev. Msgr. J o h n A. Ryan, 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c 
p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. In quantities, $5.50 per 100. 

"Divine Helps f o r M a n , " by Rev. Dr. E d w a r d J . Walsh, C.M., 104 
pages and cover. Single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. I n 
quantities, $14.00 per 100. 

" T h e P a r a b l e s , " by Rev. J o h n A. McClory, S.J., 128 pages and cover. 
Single copy, 30c postpaid; 5 o r more, 20c each. I n quantities, $13.00 p e r 
100. 

"Christianity's Contribution to Civilization," by Rev. J a m e s M. Gillis, 
C.S.P., 96 pages afld cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 15c 
each. In quantities, $11.00 p e r 100. 

"Manifestations of Christ," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 123 
pages and cover. Single copy, 30c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 25c each. I n 
quantities, $15.00 p e r 100. 

"The Way of the Cross," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 32 pages 
and cover (prayer book size) • Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 5c 
each. I n quantities, $3.50 p e r 100. 

" C h r i s t Today," by Very Rev. D r . Ignatius Smith, O.P., 48 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 8c each. I n quantities, $6.50 
per 100. 

"The Christian F a m i l y , " by Rev. Dr. Edward Lodge Curran, 68 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c each. I n quantities, 
$7.75 p e r 100. 

" T h e Dublin Eucharistic Congress," by His Eminence William Car-
dinal CyConnell. A n address rebroadcast f r o m Dublin. 12 pages and cover. 
Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 5c each. In quantities, $4.25 p e r 100. 

" R u r a l Catholic Action," by Rev. Dr. E d g a r Schmiedeler, O.S.B., 24 
pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 5c each. I n quan-
tities $4.00 per 100. 

"Religion and H u m a n N a t u r e , " by Rev. Dr. Joseph A. Daly, 40 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. I n quantities, 
$6.50 per 100. 

" T h e Church and Some Outstanding Problems of the Day," by Rev. 
Jones I. Corrigan, S.J., 72 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 
5 or more, 10c each. In quantities. $8.75 per 100. 

"Conflicting S t a n d a r d s , " by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 80 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c each. In quantities, 
$8.75 per 100. 

" T h e Hymn of the Conquered," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 
128 pages and cover. Single copy, 30c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 25c each. In 
quantities $15.00 per 100. 

"The Seven L a s t Words," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, (prayer 
book size) 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 5c 
each. I n quantities, $3.50 p e r 100. 



"The Church and the Child," by Rev. Dr. Paul H Furfey 48 naires 
$6.50 Cperr loo'. e C<>Py' 1B<! P 0 S t P a i d ; 5 o r m o r e ' * " & 

"Love's Veiled Victory and Love's Laws," by Rev. Dr George P 

K s f R 3 ^ 
j "Relieion and Liturgy," by Rev. Dr. Francis A. Walsh, O.S.B. 82 oases 

$5 50CpVee/'lOOnE C ° P y ' 1 0 ° P ° S t P a i d : B ° r m o r e - 8 c eaih i n ¿ u a n S t S ! 
"The Lord's Prayer Today," by Very Rev. Dr. Ignatius Smith O P 

qua^^ST^' C°Py' 160 f B I 5 or mU?10r£ha!n 
"God, Man and Redemption," by Rev. Dr Ignatius W finx o t Ok 

K l?d60C°pVe?-lfrle C°Py' 1BC P ° S t P a i d : 5 orIgm
notrS10TeaCc°h!'lnS-Jau.̂  

48 3 ™ " " j ' t e r i 0 U S Human N a t u r e , " by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 
q u a n t i f y , tS BÔ  per' 100? ^ 16° P°StPaid ! 6 ° r 8c 

j " T h e H M Galilean," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen 160 natres 
$17 00 ;S'l00nK e COPy' 350 p 0 8 t p a i d : 5 o r m o r e ' 25c «eh ln'quantTtf^ 

"The Queen of Seven Swords," by R t . Rev. Msgr Fulton J K W n 
i S ^ T ^ J S L S S , l | pereiooSinele - - " o - X a f d , 8 ^ 

" ^ h e p C a t h o l S Teaching on Our Industrial System," by Rt. Rev Msgr 
IRn^a3?it?^el5

a6n0dpCerT00SinBle 10c 5 « 
"The Happiness of Faith," by Rev. Daniel A. Lord, S J 80 Dares «nd 

cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c. In ffipgfc $8.7B pe? 100 
The Salvation of Human Society," by Rev. Peter J Bereen fl q P 7 « 

I S l^oTer'!^8'6 C0Py' 15C P0Bt̂ d' 5 I B WBKfM 
c n v P r

C | ; ^ l i C E d u c a ' i o n - " ..,R e v- Dr. George Johnson, 40 pages and 
p e i lOO B P y ' 1 5 C p o s t p a i d : 5 OT " o r e , 8c each. In quantities? $6 50 

"The Church and Her Missions," by Rt. Rev. Msgr William o „ ; „ „ «9 
Z f ^ U l Z ^ J t t copy- 100 postpaid= B W f f i S l r o 
80 n Z » ! 5 i , J l r c h « ¡ I p t Depression," by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S P 
quantities, $8.75 ™er W O ^ l l 1 5 ° P ° s t l > a i d : 5 ° r 

"The Fullness of Christ," by Rt. Rev. Msgr Fulton J Sh«m 17« 
S i t f e ^ s i r ^ r T o ' o 6 C ° P y ' 4 5 C P ° S t P a i d : o r m o r e , 30<feach. In 

w n " T h e T J u i K n ! e n t o f G o d a n d The Sense of Duty," by R t Rev 
S S T i . ' i M ' & 8 Z $4n0d0Cp°eTi00SinKle M 

each^^n^uantitiCT^lioO 
" W h a t Civilization Owes to the Chnrch," by Rt. Rev Msgr Willi.™ 

i t ' ^ n l t f e r i s ^ p ^ i b o 8 5 1 1 8 1 6 ^ 1Be P ° S * a i d ; 6 « ^ fffiR 
L j f i f i 0 t C h r i s t J , ? n i t , y : W h a t ? " by Rev. James M. Gillis C S P 96 
= t ? < S

d
$ l %

e 0 r - p ^ ? 0 e 0 . C O P y ' 2 0 C P 0 S t P a i d : 5 OT »o«, , h l S 5c C e S ac^: In 
, " T h e p t ° d i * » > World," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen 140 cages 

$rL00 per* M * ^ ^ P ° S t P a i d : 5 o r m O T e ' 25c each ?n q u a n t U i S 

40 C o i n ®f 0 a i , . T r , i b u t e ' " V « T Rev. Thomas F. Conlon O P 
quantities, $6.50°p«' H C ° P y ' 1 5 ° p ° 8 t p a i d : 5 or more, 8= °ea'ch° In 

| honPo8rPeofF|j I f ! f f e fifife 
Single copy, 10c postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each.' In q u f n t i « ^ $6 00 per l05' 

M«nn<l«"tanding the Chnrch," by Most Rev. Duane G. Hunt 48 
$l6n docpverrioo:n e l e ^ 1 5 C ~ i d ; 6 m ° r e , i c « c h . In "q'u.'n? 

"The Poetry of Duty," by Rev. Alfred Duffy, C.P., 48 pages and ™ . r 
Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 8<r each, In q u a n t i t i ™ \ T o O p e ? M 0 . ' 



"Characteristic Christian Ideals," by Rev. Bonaventure Mclntyre, O. 
F . M., 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. 
I n quantities, $5.50 per 100. 

"The Catholic Church and Youth," by Rev. J o h n F . O'Hara, C.S.C. 
48 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. In 
quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

"The Spirit of the Missions," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Thomas J . McDonnell, 
32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. In 
quantities, $5.50 per 100. 

"The L i f e of the Soul," by Rev. J a m e s M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages and 
cover. Single copy 25c postpaid; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $12.00 
$14.00 per 100. 

" O u r Wounded World," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 112 pages 
and cover. Single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, 
$14.00 per 100. 

The first six addresses in this series published separately under 
the title "Freedom and Democracy: a Study of Their Enemies," 
56 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. 
I n quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

" T h e Banquet of T r i u m p h , " by Very Rev. J . J . McLarney, O.P., 32 
pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 6 or more, 8c each. In quan-
tities, $5.50 per 100. 

"Society and the Social Encyclicals—America's Road Out," by Rev. 
R. A. McGowan, 32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 
8c each. In quantities, $5.50 p e r 100. 

" P i u s XI, F a t h e r and Teacher of the N a t i o n s , " (On His Eightieth 
Birthday) by His Excellency, Most Rev. Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, 
16 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 5c each. In 
quantities, $3.50 p e r 100. 

"The Eastern Catholic Church," by Rev. John Kallok, 48 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. In quantities, $6.50 
per 100. 

" J o y in Religion," by Rev. John B. Delauney, C.S.C., 40 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d : 5 or more, 8c each. I n quantities, $6.50 
per 100. 

"The 'Lost* Radiance of the Religion of J e s u s , " by Rev. Thomas A. 
Carney. 40 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. 
I n quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

"Some Spiritual Problems of College S t u d e n t s , " by Rev. Dr. Maurice 
S. Sheehy, 40 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c 
each. I n quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

"God and Governments," by Rev. Wilfrid Parsons, S.J., 48 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. I n quantities, $6.50 
per 100. 

" S a i n t s vs. Kings," by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $12.00 
per 100. 

" J u s t i c e and C h a r i t y , " by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen. 
P a r t I—"The Social Problem and the Church," 96 pages and cover. 

Single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. In quan-
tities, $12.00 per 100. 

P a r t II—"The Individual Problem and the Cross," 80 pages and 
cover. Single copy, 15c postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. 
In quantities, $8.75 p e r 100. 

" I n Defense of Chastity," by Rev. Felix M. Kirsch, O.M. Cap., 72 pages 
and cover, including study aids and bibliography. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d , 
5 or more, 10c each. In quantities. $8.75 per 100 

"The Appeal To Reason," by Most Rev. Duane G. Hunt, D.D., LL.D., 
72 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c each. In 
quantities, $8.75 per 100. 

" P r a c t i c a l Aspects of Catholic Education," by Very Rev. Edward V . 
Stanford, O.S.A., 48 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 
8c each. In quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

"The Mission of Youth in Contemporary Society," by Rev. Dr. George 
Johnson, 40 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c 
each. In quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

" T h e Holy E u c h a r i s t , " by Most Rev. Joseph F . Rummel, S.T.D., LL.D., 
32 pages and cover. Single copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 8c each. In 
quantities, $5.50 per 100. 

"Cardinal Hayes—A Eulogy," by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 16 
pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c each. In quan-
tities, $3.50 p e r 100. 

"The Rosary and the Rights of M a n , " by Very Rev. J . J . McLarney, 
O.P., 56 pages and cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 10c each. 
I n quantities, $6.50 per 100. 

" H u m a n L i f e , " by Rev. James M. Gillis, C.S.P., 96 pages and cover. 
Single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. I n quantities, $12 p e r 1QQ, 



" F r e e d o m , " by R t . Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen. 
P a r t I—"Social Freedom," 80 pages a n d cover. Single copy lBc 
„ POBtpaid; B or more, 10c each. I n q u a n t i t i « , "¿?76 p e r 100 
P a r t I I - Personal F r « d o m , " 06 pages a n d cover. Single copy 

p e r loo! : ° r m°r e' 2°C e a c h' I n w a n t i t i « $12 0d 

¿ f M S ' A * « M S l S * . J " J " M c L a ™ e y > 0 P " 6 6 P » * « and 
$6.50 p e r 100 Postpaid; 5 or more, 10c each. I n quantities, 

pages and cover. Single copv ^ l O c ^ s t n a M ' . J " °'Malley, C.M.. 32 
tities $5.60 per 100 Postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In quan-

v e r s ^ t e ^ « 4 0 ^ ^ - M a r c h l T s ^ t » 
congratulatory messages and editorial^ s n ^ . i i L j 9 4 0 , to„eGther with 
25* postpaid; 5 or nSre, ffl i t T l t J l ^ ? , C°Py' 
40 p a ^ l ^ d ^ o ? r 8 W " f " d • t & S 
quantities, $6.50 p e r 100 Postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. In 

S S p I ^ t f t S ^ J i i i 
O.F.M., 48 pages and cover s i n g l e co£y 1 5 c n o S ^ H ? e K b e r t F ' G a J I a 8 h e r , 
I n quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. Postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. 

- A m e r i c a a n d t h e C a t h o l i c C h u r c h , " b y R e v J o h n T w « M m 

CTOn^eS.|„°to pagli%nfcoverriSsfn
n.l.Patri0ti^ " b y D r ' * 

each. I n q u a n t i t i « , Te.50 pe? 100 P y ' 1 6 c p 0 8 t p a i d ; 6 «»ore. 8c 
TT n M Q , 8 i ° n a r y R e B B°n»ibflity," by the Most Rev."Richard J Cushino. n r . 
^q^an3titiPesa,S?5jondpeCr°Tib.Sin8le C°Py' 10° W ^ ^ W ® 

"Crucial Questions," by Rev. James M • • r c r> HA 
cover.^SmgJe copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 S U R ^ ^ h & S S V j j j 

J a m ^ G i l l i s ^ c i p ^ T p a g ^ N f « ^ fe more, 10c each.'In quantities,̂ e.M pe? ?Sb S l 6 C°Py' 1Bc E 0 8 t p a i d ; B « 
U n i v e S f t y o ? America' 196 p a g ^ a n d ^ / ^ " , J " S h e e ? o f t h e Catholic 
more 40cy each. ffo T e ^ i o f * 1 * * * * 6 ° C p ° 8 t p a i d : 6 ° r 

fipld R T n u r ? , ° s e s o f 0 n 5 Eucharistic Sacrifice," by Rev Gerald T Boat 
each'. !nTtkn3t2it1'S!

r el5a5n0dp<eOrVT60S i n g I e C ° P y ' 1 0 c P ™ ' 6 " - r t t 

S.T.^\e2CprK
eesf;rndC:re!.en^le

bycopyeV-10?OprtL?dmi5h 
In quantities, $5.60 per 100. Postpaid; 5 or more, 8c each. 

"The Catholic Notion of F a i t h , " by Rev. Thomas N n'K-„„„ >» $6.80 pS'iw. C°Py' 16C P 0 8 t P a i d : 6 - ~c^ac0h.^nnequ4a°nS?S: 



" F r e e d o m Defended,'* by Rev. J o h n P . C r o n i n , S.S., P h . D . , 32 pages 
a n d cover. S i n g l e copy, 10c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 8c each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , 
$5.60 p e r 100. 

" T h e R i g h t s of t h e O p p r e s s e d , " by R t . Rev. M s g r . M a r t i n J . O'Connor, 
40 p a g e s a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 8c each. I n 
q u a n t i t i e s , $6.60 p e r 100. 

" T h e P r a c t i c a l Aspects of P a t r i o t i s m , " by Rev. George J o h n s o n , Ph.D., 
40 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , 8c each. I n 
quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

" W h a t I s W r o n g a n d How to Set I t R i g h t , " by Rev. J a m e s M. Gillis, 
C.S.P., 80 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 15c, p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 10c 
each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $8.75 p e r 100. 

" P e a c e , " by R t . Rev. Msgr. F u l t o n J . Sheen, 160 pages a n d cover. 
Single copy, 35c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 25c each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $17.00 p e r 
100. 

" C h r i s t i a n H e r o i s m , " by Rev. R o b e r t J . Slavin, O.P., 64 p a g e s a n d 
cover. Single copy, 20c, p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , 15c. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $7.50 
per 100. 

" A R e p o r t t o M o t h e r s a n d F a t h e r s , " by Rev. W i l l i a m A . Maguire, 
Chaplain, U . S. A r m y , a n d Rev. C h r i s t o p h e r E . O ' H a r a , C h a p l a i n , U . S. 
Navy, 24 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or m o r e , 10c. I n 
q u a n t i t i e s , $6.00 p e r 100. 

" T h e L i t u r g y a n d t h e L a i t y , " by Rev. W i l l i a m J . Lallou, 32 pages 
a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r moreA 10c. I n q u a n t i t i e s , 
$6.50 p e r 100. 

" T h e Catholic I n t e r p r e t a t i o n of C u l t u r e , " by R e v . V i n c e n t Lloyd-
Russell, 40 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , 10c. 
In q u a n t i t i e s , $8.00 p e r 100. 

" C o n q u e r i n g W i t h C h r i s t , " by Rev. J o h n J . Walde, 48 pages a n d 
cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 15c. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $8.50 p e r 
100. 

" T h e V i c t o r y of t h e J u s t , " by Rev. J o h n F . Cronin, S.S., 40 pages a n d 
cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $8.00 per 
100. 

" T h o u g h t s f o r a Troubled T i m e , " by Rev. J o h n C a r t e r S m y t h , C . S . P . 
82 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 10c. I n q u a n -
tities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

" W e A r e t h e Children of God," by R e v . L e o n a r d Feeney, S . J . , 32 p a g e s 
a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , 10c. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $6.50 
p e r 100. 

" J u s t i c e , " by Rev. I g n a t i u s S m i t h , O.P., 32 p a g e s a n d cover. Single 
copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 10c. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $6.50 p e r 100. 

" T h e Crisis in C h r i s t e n d o m , " by R t . Rev. M s g r . F u l t o n J . Sheen. 112 
pages a n d cover. Single copy, 30c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , 25c each. I n 
q u a n t i t i e s , $15.00 p e r 100. 

" T h e C h r i s t i a n F a m i l y , " by Rev. D r . E d g a r Schmiedeler, O.S.B., 32 
pages a n d cover. S i n g l e copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 6 o r more, 10c each. I n 
q u a n t i t i e s , $6.50 per 100. 

"Social R e g e n e r a t i o n , " by Rev. W i l f r i d P a r s o n s , S . J . , 24 pages a n d 
cover. Single copy, 16c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 10c each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , 
$6.00 p e r 100. 

"Second R e p o r t t o t h e M o t h e r s a n d F a t h e r s , " by Catholic C h a p l a i n s 
of t h e A r m y a n d N a v y . 48 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 
5 o r m o r e , 15c each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $8.50 p e r 100. 

" S a i n t h o o d , t h e U n i v e r s a l V o c a t i o n , " by R t . Rev. Msgr. A m b r o s e J . 
B u r k e . 24 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , l'Oc 
each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $6.00 p e r 100. 

" T h e P a t h of D u t y , " by Rev. J o h n F . C r o n i n , S.S., 4o pages a n d cover. 
Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 10c each. I n q u a n t i t i e s , $8.00 p e r 100. 

" T h e Church i n A c t i o n , " by Rev. A l p h o n s e S i h w i t a l l a , S.J., Rev. P a u l 
T a n n e r , Rev. W i l l i a m A . O'Connor, R t . Rev. J a m e s T. O'Dowd, V e r y Rev. 
J o h n J . McClafferty, Rev. D r . Charles A. H a r t , V e r y Rev. George J . 
Collins, C.S.Sp., Rev. J o h n L a F a r g e , S.J., a n d Rev. L a w r e n c e F . S c h o t t . 
64 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r m o r e , 15c each. I n 
q u a n t i t i e s , $7.50 p e r 100. 

" T h e P o p e ' s F i v e P o i n t s f o r P e r m a n e n t P e a c e , " by Rev. T. L . Bous-
c a r e n , S . J . 32 p a g e s a n d cover. Single copy, 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 
10c each. I n quantities, $6.50 p e r 100. 

" H u m a n P l a n s a r e N o t E n o u g h , " by Rev. J o h n C a r t e r Smyth, C.S.P. 
32 pages a n d cover. Single copy 15c p o s t p a i d ; 5 o r more, 10c each. I n 
q u a n t i t i e s , $6.50 p e r 100. 

(Complete list of 122 p a m p h l e t s t o one address i n U . S. $16.00 p o s t p a i d . 
P r i c e to C a n a d a a n d F o r e i g n Countries, $19.75.) 

A d d r e s s : O U R S U N D A Y V I S I T O R . H u n t i n g t o n , I n d i a n a . 





* 

L 
I 

•