FAITH ÄND THE HEART OF MAN BY REVEREND JOHN J. DOUGHERTY of the Immaculate Conception Seminary Darlington, New Jersey A series o f spiritual addresses given during December, 1950 over the "Catholic Hour," the nation wide radio program heard Sundays ( 2 : 0 0 — 2:30 p.m. EST) and produced by the National Council of Catholic M e n in cooperation with the National Broadcasting Company. N A T I O N A L C O U N C I L OF C A T H O L I C M E N 1312 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W . , Washington 5, D. C. P r i n t e d and distributed by Our Sunday Visitor H u n t i n g t o n , I n d i a n a . .̂ gassar- 1 Nihil Obstat: V E R Y R E V . M S G R . T. E. D I L L O N Censor Librorum Imprimatur: t | JOHN~ F. N O L L , D.D. Bishop of Fort W a y n e ( C c ä Ä » ; TABLE OF CONTENTS F E A R 5 LONELINESS ...:..., - l'O LOVE 15 JOY p 20 HOPE 9 25 F E A R "When I was a child, I spoke' as a child, I f e l t as a child, I thought as a child." ( I Cor. 13: 11) When I was a child, I feared as children f e a r . "Now t h a t I have become a man, I have p u t away the things of a child." {ibid.) I have put way childish f e a r s , b u t I have not p u t away fear.. F e a r is p a r t of me. I t is p a r t of the human machine. Philosophers list it under human passions. I cannot cast out f e a r any more than I can cast out love. Love, the passion of p u r - suit, and f e a r , the passion of es- cape, a r e like the h e a r t and lungs standard equipment f o r mortals. F e a r does not make us abnormal. We would be abnor- mal without it. Do not be a f r a i d because you a r e a f r a i d of the atom bomb. I t is something t h a t normal and wise men f e a r . But I think it should not be your first f e a r . The first f e a r of Christians is not f o r survival, b u t f o r sal- vation. Regarding your f e a r s I think these two questions, a r e i m p o r t a n t : What things do you f e a r most? How desperate a r e your f e a r s ? Human passions a r e problem property. They a r e an asset and a liability. The animal f e a r s and controls his f e a r by instinct. Man f e a r s and is expected to control his f e a r by his mind. F e a r can become so g r e a t t h a t it sweeps away the controls of t h e mind, t e a r s down t h e very walls of reason, and t h e r e is a s w i f t flight f r o m t h e world of reality through the broken gates of the mind. P r a y f o r t h e mentally ill, and pray t h a t a cold ruthless world tha,t destroys so many minds will learn mercy and be kind. F e a r is t h e passion of flight, and how violent t h e passion and how headlong the flight depends upon t h e size of the evil in itself or in our minds. The loss of a mother is seen as an immeasur- able evil by the little boy, who cannot imagine his room, his house, his world without his mother. He cannot imagine play- ing without mother to come home to, or praying without mother to s t r a i g h t e n him out when he mixes up his Our F a - t h e r with his Hail Mary. The boy become a man still sees the loss of mother as evil, b u t not the immeasurable evil it once was. F o r now his world has grown larger. His room is now 0 • shared with another who is 6 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN mother to h i s children, his house is filled w i t h t h e r u n n i n g of t h e i r l a u g h t e r and t h e t r i p p i n g of t h e i r p r a y e r s . His world is filled w i t h people, places, and t h i n g s — and mother, and he sees death differently now. H i s love has not altered, b u t his f e a r is changed, f o r his vision of God and heaven have grown too. Why do you f e a r ? Your f e a r s will help you determine your values. If you f e a r t h e loss of health, money, f r i e n d s , beauty more t h a n t h e loss of God, then God has taken second place in your life, and t h e r e is disorder a t t h e h e a r t of t h e m a t t e r . If your first f e a r is sin and t h e loss of grace then you a r e a Chris- tian. Why do you f e a r ? T h a t question helps you to answer a more i m p o r t a n t one: W h a t do you love? All of us do not f e a r t h e same things, f o r all of us do not love t h e same t h i n g s . Your f e a r s a r e the other side of your loves. The f e a r s of mothers a r e f o r t h e i r children. A t five t h e y a r e a f r a i d they'll fall, a t fifteen t h e y a r e a f r a i d they'll fall in love too soon, at twenty-five or f o r t y - five they a r e a f r a i d they'll fall into sin. Soldiers f e a r f o r t h e i r lives f o r t h e y a r e young and t h e i r lives a r e dear- to them. S a i n t s f e a r sin. They love God so much they f e a r to lose him even f o r an i n s t a n t . The passion of f e a r sleeps until t h e danger is imminent. A m o t h e r ' s passion of f e a r b u r n s b r i g h t when t h e n i g h t hours lengthen and h e r girl h a s not r e t u r n e d f r o m t h e dance. T h e soldier's f e a r b u r s t s into flame when t h e battle flares and t h e a i r - i s filled with s w i f t hot steel. F e a r i s a movement of fleeing, and all w i t h i n flees as he ad- vances t o w a r d t h e danger of death, and t h e g r e a t e r t h e f e a r t h e nobler his courage. Wise men f e a r f o r themselves, a f r a i d of t h e i r weaknesses and t h e t h r e a t of loss in them, t h e loss of esteem, of honor, of self-respect. These a r e more valuable t h a n silver or success, and a wise b u t weak man f e a r s f o r them. F e a r is not evil, no more t h a n love is evil, or h u n g e r or t h i r s t . F e a r is h u m a n . F e a r can lead us to good, and long ago God in- spired t h e words, " T h e f e a r of t h e Lord is t h e beginning of wis- dom." (Prov. 1 : 7 ) . In one of his letters John t h e Apostle wrote, " H e who f e a r s is not per- fected in love. T h e r e is no f e a r in love; b u t p e r f e c t love casts out." ( 1 John 4 : 1 8 ) . H e means t h a t t h e f e a r s of s a i n t s a r e not t h e f e a r s of earthly men. The man who has p e r f e c t Christian FEAR 7 love sees one t h i n g as supremely evil, t h e loss of God. Your loves determine your f e a r s . Listen to St. P a u l : "Who shall s e p a r a t e us f r o m the love of C h r i s t ? Shall tribulation, or distress,, or perse- cution, or hunger, or nakedness, or danger, or t h e sword? (Rom. 8 : 3 5 ) . Tribulation, distress, h u n g e r , nakedness, t h e sword— these a r e t h i n g s t h a t men f e a r . To love "Christ like P a u l is to cast out t h e f e a r . And w h a t of t h e little people who f e a r to be saints and m a r t y r s ? If p e r f e c t love casts out f e a r , surely a l i t t l e love will keep f e a r f r o m consum- i n g us. " L e t us t h e r e f o r e love, because God first loved us." (1 John 4 : 1 9 ) . Let us make a be- g i n n i n g of love, t h a t we may be a little less a f r a i d . _ Since f e a r is p a r t of man, J e s u s met i t in t h e men He knew. H e accepted f e a r as a reality, and in H i s p r e a c h i n g H e strove to give i t direction and control. He told us what to f e a r . He said, "Do not be a f r a i d of those who kill t h e body, b u t cannot kill t h e soul. . . A r e not two sparrows sold f o r a f a r t h i n g ? And yet not one of them will fall t o t h e ground w i t h o u t your F a t h e r ' s leave. B u t as f o r you, t h e very h a i r s of your head a r e n u m b e r - ed, T h e r e f o r e , do not be a f r a i d ; you a r e of more value t h a n m a n y s p a r r o w s . " ( M a t t h e w 10:28-31) How t h o u g h t f u l of t h e Son of God ! How kind of C h r i s t t o compare us to t h e birds, t h a t each t i m e we see a s p a r r o w we m i g h t be reminded of h i s words and be l i f t e d up by f a i t h in them. We a r e w o r t h more t o God t h a n many sparrows. T h e very h a i r s of our head a r e n u m - bered. How o f t e n do we f e a r t h a t we do not really m a t t e r t o man or God? The f e a r t h a t we a r e imperceptible even in t h e eyes of God in t h e v a s t f o g of men. I t is a f r i g h t e n i n g t h o u g h t t h a t we have no value to anyone, t h a t we a r e n o t h i n g more t h a n a name in t h e phone book, a n u m b e r in a census, as little as a s p a r r o w and as un- noticed. If even t h a t f r i g h t as- sails you, remember t h e words of Our Lord, "Do not be a f r a i d . T h e very h a i r s of your head a r e numbered." A t times t h e world around is inhospitable and hostile, t h e world of h u r r i c a n e and flood and tidal wave, t h e world of auto accidents and plane crashes, of polio and cancer and t h e atom bomb. T h e r e a r e a thousand t h i n g s t o f e a r in our world, and only t h e fool has said in his h e a r t , " T h e r e is nothing to 8 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN f e a r . " Wise men a r e a f r a i d of t h e f u t u r e , and C h r i s t seems t o be asleep. He seemed t o be asleep t h a t n i g h t long ago when t h e sea was hostile w i t h wind and storm. " T h e r e arose - a g r e a t squall, and t h e waves were beat- ing into t h e boat, so t h a t t h e boat was now filling. And He Himself was in t h e s t e r n of t h e boat, on t h e cushion, asleep. And they woke Him and said to Him. "Master, does i t not concern thee, we a r e perishing. . . Then He arose and rebuked t h e wind and the r a g i n g of t h e w a t e r ; and t h e y ceased, and t h e r e came a g r e a t calm. And He said to them, 'Where is your f a i t h ? ' " When n a t u r e or man t u r n hostile t h e r e is t h e sudden u p s u r g e of f e a r in us, t h e violent passion to escape, and t h e impassioned plea, p r a y - er, complaint to Christ, " i s it no concern of yours, we a r e perish- i n g ! " In t h e midst of t h e panic p e r f e c t love casts out f e a r , b u t so f e w have p e r f e c t love. Above the wind and storm of f e a r again t h e voice of Christ is heard, " W h e r e is your f a i t h . F e a r not them t h a t kill t h e body and have n o t h i n g more t h a t they can do." T h i s is my first and g r e a t e s t f e a r , t h e f e a r f o r my soul. This is a f e a r deep within me, as ele- mental as h u n g e r or t h e longing to live. This f e a r is seen when man lives on h u m a n level or t r i e s to. When one lives on purely animal level he may not see it, or, if he sees it, call it a m i r a g e . A t h i n k i n g man is concerned w i t h t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of t h i s anxiety within himself. H e is concerned with t h e question of his destiny, if only because so many good men b e f o r e him have been anx- ious about it. T h e man who p u t s his f a i t h in C h r i s t has a f a r g r e a t e r reason. When J e s u s told us not to f e a r t h e m t h a t kill t h e body, He added, " R a t h e r f e a r Him t h a t can destroy both body and soul in Hell."'. ( M a t t h e w 10:28) The C h r i s t i a n ' s f e a r is not panic, b u t a deep anxiety within. I t is so bound to his na- t u r e as to be p a r t of it, a con- dition of i t s existence. H e can- not escape it. T h e f e a r of t h e unknown is linked to t h e f e a r of the known, t h e world he lives in, in which he m u s t save h i s soul. He is anxious lest his soul's life be crushed o u t in t h e world, anxious lest t h e world f o r c e it- self between his soul and God and effect t h e g r e a t divorce, t h e disastrous endless separation t h a t is Hell. In t h a t anxiety he s t r a i n s again to catch t h e sound of t h e voice of Christ in answer to t h e deep f e a r within h i s h e a r t , FEAR 9 and t h e n i t comes across t h e world f r o m t h e Supper Room: " T a k e courage, I have overcome t h e world. F a t h e r , I p r a y f o r t h e m . . . f o r those whom thou h a s t given me, because they a r e thine. . . I do not p r a y t h a t thou t a k e them out of t h e world, b u t t h a t thou keep t h e m f r o m evil." (John 16:33; 17 p a s s i m ) Why a r e you a f r a i d ? I know of no loneliness like the loneliness of a man hanging on a cross between the e a r t h and the sky "stripped and bleeding and alone." I know no prayer in all t h e history so lonely as t h e cry, "My God, my God, why h a s t thou forsaken m e ? " (Matthew 27:46) What loneliness to hear, as you die, the t a u n t s of your country-men, "If thou a r t the Son of God, come down from" t h e cross." (Matthew 27:40) "Let him save himself, if he is the Christ, the chosen one of God." (Luke 23:35) " H e saved others, himself he cannot save." There is a loneliness like it, now t h a t I remember. I t is the loneliness of Jesus in t h e olive garden t h a t n i g h t with only the s o f t shadows .cast by the moon as companions—and sleeping dis- ciples; the loneliness of the plea, " F a t h e r , if it is possible, let this cup pass away, yet not as I will, but as thou wiliest"; (Matthew 26:39) t h e loneliness of t h e hoarse whisper of Jesus, "My soul is sad, even unto death"; (26:38) the loneliness of the mental anguish t h a t made Jesus sweat blood; the loneliness of the complaint to his disciples, "Could you not watch one hour with m e ? " (26:40) This was t h e first surge of the flood of loneliness of the Son of God; on the cross they pierced his hands and f e e t ; in the garden his soul was pierc- ed—-by our sins. Loneliness is the emptiness of the heart, the hunger of love. Like the h e a r t of man, the h e a r t of Christ was capable of loneli- ness. His h e a r t could be filled with the companionship of his F a t h e r in heaven and of his brethren on earth. Always it was overflowing with the joy of those who behold God in man and in things, and more—the joy of the Son of God, who beheld always the infinite beauty of the F a t h e r . On t h a t n i g h t and t h a t day, in the garden and on the cross, t h e sin of t h e world choked oif the joy of the vision of God, and the h e a r t of i e s u s was as lonely as a man. Since t h a t n i g h t and t h a t day the loneliness of man has taken on a meaning. Now we have a reason f o r accepting lone- liness, and this is i t : the h e a i i of the Son of God was lonely." God, w h a made the human h e a r t with the burden of loneliness, bore t h a t burden himself, t h a t we might believe t h a t it was given to us not in harshness b u t LONELINESS 11 in kindness, t h a t we m i g h t know t h a t we a r e lonely on e a r t h be- cause e a r t h is too little to fill our h e a r t s , t h a t we m i g h t see t h a t t h e deep loneliness of t h e h e a r t is a h u n g e r f o r God, t h a t we m i g h t pray, "Thou h a s t made u s f o r thyself, 0 God, and our h e a r t s a r e lonely till they find companionship with thee." T h e r e is loneliness very much like to Christ's, t h e lovely loneli- ness of Mary. She missed him when he l e f t a t twelve and was lost f o r t h r e e days. She missed him when he set out a t t h i r t y to begin his mission. B u t t h a t lone- liness was bearable, f o r she would see him once in a while. They would meet a t t h e m a r r i a g e f e a s t a t Cana, or a t t h e lake town of Capharnaum. Then sud- denly came t h e loneliness of t h e cross, t h e t h r e e long lonely hours, when h e r h e a r t broke and h e r a r m s yearned to hold him. W h a t loneliness filled h e r when he said; "Woman, behold t h y son," (John 19:26) and she knew he was giving h e r John f o r a son because he was going away. How lonely was Mary when she saw t h e stone roll across t h e tomb and t h e darkness embrace h e r son! The m e a s u r e of loneliness is love, and since t h e r e was no love like t h e love of Christ f o r men, t h e r e is no loneliness like His. The measure of love is goodness, and none was so good as t h e sin- less Christ. Never was t h e r e a son like Jesus, and never was a son missed as Mary missed Jesus. B u t why do I recall these t h i n g s today. We a r e approach- i n g Christmas, not Good F r i d a y ! Is it not out of season to speak of loneliness? T h i s is t h e season of companionship. I t will be out of season to speak of loneliness when t h e r e is no more, t h a t is, in heaven. F o r some Christmas is t h e season of supreme loneliness, f o r t h e sound of C h r i s t m a s bells and t h e f r a g r a n c e of holly can do s t r a n g e t h i n g s to t h e h e a r t . I speak of t h e loneliness of J e s u s and Mary because we a r e inclin- ed to t h i n k of our own loneliness first. T h a t is understandable f o r we t h i n k of our own pain first because it is ours. If you a r e lonely a t Christmas, remember t h e loneliness of J e s u s and Mary. If you a r e lonely, p u t on your h a t and coat and t a k e a walk to the n e a r e s t hospital, or t h e near- est orphanage, or t h e n e a r e s t cemetery, and you will see t h a t many a r e lonely. If your Christ- mas is filled with t h e companion- ship of children's l a u g h t e r and p a r e n t ' s love and f r i e n d s ' affec- 12 FAITH AND THE tion, do n o t f o r g e t t h e childless parents, t h e parentless children, and the solitary s t r a n g e r in your midst-, or t h e boys who a r e s t r a n g e r s in Korea. Widow " is a lonely word. Orphan is a lonely word. How deep t h e loneliness only widows and orphans know. If widows and orphans alone were lonely, t h e r e would be enough loneliness in .our w a r r i n g world, f o r they a r e many. B u t n o ! I have seen t h e loneliness of t h e old in t h e homes f o r t h e aged, as, m o t h e r s spoke of children who never came to see them. I have seen loneliness in mental institutions, where t h e look in men's eyes sad- dens you m o r e t h a n t h e b a r s on t h e windows. I have seen t h e loneliness of t h e children of di- vorces, t h e i r little minds mixed up with f e a r and confusion. B u t loneliness is not limited to these. I t knocks on t h e door of every h u m a n h e a r t . Sometimes i t surges up within you without a p p a r e n t reason. You a r e s u r - rounded by f a m i l y and f r i e n d s and laughter, and suddenly t h e r e is a sense of loneliness. T h e r e is a loneliness t h a t comes t o actors a f t e r applause, loneliness t h a t comes to people a f t e r a p a r t y , loneliness t h a t comes to s i n n e r s a f t e r a sin. HEART OF MAN Since loneliness is as much a p a r t of t h e h u m a n h e a r t as blood, we should make some seri- ous effort a t i n t e r p r e t i n g i t . Sooner or later in life every m a n "awakens to t h e consciousness of his unavoidable, u l t i m a t e loneli- ness." (R. Allers, The Psych- ology of Character p. 299) W h e t h e r he is m a r r i e d or single, practical or poetic, prominent or plain, rich or ragged, he comes to recognize " h i s final dependence upon him- self." (Ibid.) Loneliness is an es- sential condition of t h e h u m a n h e a r t . You can't get on w i t h o u t it. In reverse it becomes one of t h e drives of our n a t u r e , t h a t makes us r u n a f t e r someone or something t h a t we hope will fill t h e emptiness. T h e r e is t h e es- cape t h a t sends a chill t h r o u g h us every t i m e we read it, t h e es- cape of self-destruction. T h e awesome t h o u g h t i s : w h a t do they escape t o ! T h e r e is t h e es- cape, or—'better—the s u r r e n d e r , in t h e abnormal behavior of t h e recluse who cuts himself off f r o m t h e community. Escape is sought in alcohol, b u t when t h e aleohol leaves t h e body t h e r e r e t u r n s a new and g r e a t e r loneliness to t h e mind. Some c o n f u s e t h e loneli- ness of t h e h e a r t with t h e h u n g - er of t h e body and seek escape in LONELINESS 13 sex excesses, b u t a f t e r t h e sin comes t h e s t r a n g e loneliness of t h e sense of guilt. Some com- pensate f o r loneliness by domi- n e e r i n g and antagonistic a t t i - tudes, some by feverish activity, by working or playing a t t h e pace t h a t kills, some by i n s a t i - able greed, some by applause, or adulation, or i n f a t u a t i o n . I t h i n k t h e r e is a fallacy common to all these escapes, t h e illusion t h a t t h e inner condition of t h e human h e a r t can be altered by something outside. it. I t ' s like c u r i n g cancer of t h e blood w i t h cold cream. Loneliness is not t h e same t h i n g as being alone. I remem- ber a house on t h e Aventine Hill in Rome t h a t b e a r s above t h e door t h e i n s c r i p t i o n : 0 B e a t a Solitudo—0 Sola Beatitudo, 0 Blessed Aloneness — The Only Blessedness. Solitude has been sought by m a n as f a r back as Buddha, and as recently as Thomas Mer.ton. T h e T r a p p i s t s live solitude. They do not even speak. Consecrated women in t h e Carmelite convents across t h e world live solitude. These men and women seek aloneness; they do not seek loneliness. I t is t h e deep loneliness within them t h a t drives them into mon- asteries and convents. They in- t e r p r e t i t a r i g h t . They see i t as a depth too deep f o r any mortal to fill, as a hole in t h e h e a r t cut to t h e size of God, t h e infinite depth of t h e divine. A u g u s t i n e f e l t it when h e wrote, "Thou h a s t made us f o r thyself, O God, and our h e a r t s a r e restless until they find r e s t in thee." T h i s is the i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of loneliness. Our h e a r t s must be lonely on e a r t h because they were made f o r heaven. God made our h e a r t s lonely because he made them f o r Himself. " B u t , " you say, " F a t h e r , you've scotched t h e snake, not killed it. We will accept t h e proposition t h a t God is t h e an- swer to our elemental loneliness, but t h e problem is with t h e h e r e and now. A religion t h a t post- pones all its solutions to t h e h e r e a f t e r may find itself devour- ed by a philosophy t h a t deals with bread and blood in t h e h e r e and now." I confess t h a t sounds like a reasonable objec- tion b u t u n d e r n e a t h it, I believe, t h e r e is a misunderstanding., I think t h a t God recognized b e t t e r t h a n my objector t h a t t h e prob- lem is with t h e h e r e and now. T h a t ' s why t h e r e was an Incar- nation. The Son of God came into t h e h e r e and now t o do something about it. F o r t h a t 14 FAITH AND THE reason I began these r e m a r k s by talking about t h e loneliness of Jesus. I t h i n k t h a t h u m a n loneli- ness is a s p i r i t u a l condition, and t h a t i t becomes reasonably bear- able by a spiritual life. I be- lieve t h a t Christ came to give us t h a t life. He said, " I came t h a t they may have life, and have it more abundantly."- (John 10:10) H e meant t h e divine l i f e of grace by which a man is able to b e a r .loneliness, f e a r , and all t h e shadows of t h e valley of death without t h e artificial es- capes of superficial stuff. I be- lieve f u r t h e r t h a t t h i s life t h a t J e s u s promised is not something HEART OF MAN vague and a b s t r u s e like t h e will to win, respectability, or middle- class morality. I believe it is an i n t i m a t e personal relationship with t h e living Christ, an I and thou relationship. J e s u s prom- ised, " I will not leave you orph- a n s ; I will come to you . . . you will know t h a t I am in t h e F a - ther, and you in me, and I in you . . . Abide in me . . . Abide in my love." (John 14:15 passim) W h a t p r a y e r can I p r a y f o r t h e lonely h e a r t of t h e world? The p r a y e r of another J o h n : ' "Come, Lord J e s u s ! " (Apoc. 22:20) Come! Love, does a lot of damage and a lot of repair. I t is a t once t h e most constructive energy in the world and t h e most destructive. People die f o r love and kill f o r it. I t drivés' men to drink, and they have been known to starve f o r it. Women dress f o r love or p u t on sack-cloth f o r it. You find i t in the f u n n y fuzzy people in Ug- anda and in t h e p r e t t y precious people in P a r i s , in abbeys and in alehouses. So much folly is per- petrated in its name t h a t it is talked of as sort of blindness, and so many wondrous deeds a r e wrought by it t h a t it seems to give a sort of .supersight. I t is a t once the most perplexing and profound, disturbing, baffling, wonderful and exciting problem of man. Like t h e p i t u i t a r y gland,; we may not know much about it, but it does a lot to us. There must be a reason why love is the root of' so much mis- ery and so much ecstasy, and t h e reason must be in man r a t h e r than outside him, because t h e misery and ecstasy a r e prover- bially independent of how much you have or how little. Since lové is in a person w 3 may get some light on it by seeing what a per- son is. We often call a person an individual, and t h a t tells us more. A person is separate f r o m others and self-enclosed. Second- ly, a person is human, t h a t is different f r o m an animal, differ- ent because " a person has t h e power to think and choose freely. These a r e spiritual powers and reside in the spiritual p a r t of a man, his soul. The other p a r t of a person is his body, and he is t h e r e f o r e a composite of m a t t e r and spirit. The p a r t s of a person do not operate separately and singly like t h e radio and tele- vision in your combination-set. R a t h e r are t h e i r actions inter- locked like light and heat in your electric bulb. Body and soul in- fluence each other mutually. People have ulcers of the stom- ach because they have worries in their minds. I t - is t h e t h i r d thing about a person t h a t gives rise to the real problem. He ex- periences in himself a condition of conflict between m a t t e r and spirit. Paul t h e Apostle was no exception. He wrote, " I see an- other law in my members, war- r i n g against t h e law of my mind."- (Romans 7:23) And a t another time, "The flesh lusts against the spirit, and t h e spirit against t h e flesh, f o r these a r e 16 FAITH AND THE opposed to each o t h e r . " (Gala-1 t i a n s 5 : 1 7 ) . I am s u r e you will find these t h i n g s confirmed by your own ex- perience. T h e r e a r e certain ex- periences a r i s i n g out of t h e f a c t t h a t we a r e self-enclosed and separate. Have you f o u n d i t difficult to talk to another about yourself ? I do not mean t h e s u r - f a c e c h a t t e r about w h e r e you have your h a i r done, or your golf score, b u t your inner self. Do you find i t difficult t o tell t h e whole story of yourself to your confessor, your doctor, or your w i f e ? And when you have tried, do you have t h e uneasy feeling t h a t you really have not got all of yourself across t o t h e other, like a 'phone conversation over a poor connection?' You a r e ex- periencing your solitariness, t h e reality t h a t as a person you a r e set a p a r t f r o m everyone else. I am sure, secondly, t h a t you have had experiences like t h e s e : t u r n - i n g pale at h e a r i n g bad news, finding i t impossible to r e s t r a i n a t e a r , blushing a g a i n s t your will. These a r e signs of t h e in- teraction of t h e mind and body. Thirdly, I point to one experi- ence of t h e conflict within u s : Gauge t h e distance quickly be- tween w h a t you a r e and w h a t HEART OF MAN you w a n t t o .be in t h e s i g h t of God. „ Now love is tied up w i t h these t h r e e aspects of a person. F i r s t , t h e r e is self-love. Because you a r e s e p a r a t e and self-enclosed by n a t u r e , it is n a t u r a l f o r you t o love t h a t independence and auto- nomy. I t is necessary and n a t u - ral to love yourself. P r o p e r self- love is t h e f o u n d a t i o n of self- respect and personal dignity, t h e drive to self-realization, t h e root of a sense of responsibility re- g a r d i n g personal g i f t s . By reason of i t you grow and be- come more a person. Our Lord took t h a t f o r g r a n t e d in an o f t quoted commandment, " T h o u shalt love t h y neighbor as thy- self." Our Lord set self-love as the ideal to aim a t in loving others. H e knew proper self- love was not evil, b u t good. I t is self-love with disorder t h a t is evil, self-love blown-up and mis- shapen. Although you a r e s e p a r a t e and self-enclosed, your existence is violently marked by a pull to- ward other persons. Your whole person experiences t h i s pull, your body and your soul. As a person you need response in both of these, and you need to give in both respects. Because m a r r i a g e is a union of two persons, i t r e - LOVE 17 quires more t h a n t h e giving of t h e body. I t requires t h e mutual giving„ and receiving of self. W i t h o u t such giving i t will be an incomplete and unhappy re- relationship, and lead sooner or later to m u t i n y or to shipwreck. H u m a n s need h u m a n love. I think t h i s demands emphasis, f o r I f e a r t h a t too many look upon love as primarily, or even ex- clusively, a m a t t e r of sex. Such love is traveling under an as- sumed n a m e ; its real n a m e is lust. I t is t h e love of t h e male. I t is f o u n d in animals as well as men, and is t h e r e f o r e not t h e m a r k of a man. I t is a good, God-given power ordered to t h e wonderful "and mysterious real- ity t h a t is life. God asks h u m a n s to look upon it w i t h reverence, and to subject i t to t h e control of t h e mind and of law. I t is a n a r c h y to abuse it. As a person a woman requires t h e love of a man, not merely t h e love of t h e male. And t h è same goes f o r man. Physical love in m a r r i a g e is t h e n a t u r a l and good expres- sion of t h e love of. m a n f o r woman. I t can keep h u m a n love alive, or i t can kill it. A person may need it to live, b u t i t is not enough to live "on. F o r t h e body may be satisfied and t h e s p i r i t s t a r v i n g . A person needs not only to be satisfied b u t to be loved. T h e need of a person is f o r a person. I t is in t h e m a r r i a g e relation- ship t h a t we witness t h e d r a - matic clash of loves, t h e love of self and t h e love of another. When a person begins loving an- other he does not stop loving himself. He cannot. Love of an- other i s not intended t o choke off aelf-love, b u t t o balance i t and help it. When either p a r t n e r in a m a r r i a g e f o r g e t s this, and t h e dignity of personhood t h a t un- derlies it, and stops t r e a t i n g t h e other as a person he will kill h e r love f o r him b e f o r e he will kill love f o r herself. This is t h e law of life. I t h i n k i t m e r i t s some t h o u g h t . Take a n o t h e r example of dis- ordered self-love. T h e r e is love of self in a mother. The child is the response to h e r proper love of self as a mother. W i t h all love t h e r e is t h e desire to belong to another, and t h i s is in t h e child and t h e mother. So f a r so good. T h i s self-love can become disordered when t h a t sense of belonging t u r n s t o possessive- ness. This is an ugly distortion of n a t u r a l love. You can own a car, b u t you cannot own a child. A child is a person, and no per- son can be owned by a n o t h e r ; 18 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN n a t u r e h a s placed t h e m beyond ownership. You cannot own a f r i e n d or a wife. You may call them yours, b u t they a r e always and ultimately t h e i r own. So t h e conflict is t w o f o l d : t h e w a r of t h e flesh a g a i n s t t h e s p i r i t and t h e w a r of self-love a g a i n s t the love of a n o t h e r when it is t h r e a t e n e d . In both respects, as f a r as I see, i t is an u n f a i r fight, t h e odds a r e a g a i n s t us, we a r e not equal to t h e opposi- tion, we can't win—alone. T h e r e is no conflict in God, and t h e r e is no victory in h u m a n conflict w i t h o u t God. T h e law of my members fights a g a i n s t t h e law of -my mind, and God takes up a r m s on t h e side of my mind. God fights on t h e side of t h e s p i r i t and He never gives in. He does not fight f r o m a distance b u t within us. Grace is t h e di- vine energy within us, t h e s h a r - ing of t h e divine life. T h i s is possible because of t h e Redemp- tion of Christ. The Son of God became one with humanity, and by t h a t oneness made i t possible f o r us to become in some* way one w i t h divinity. T h i s oneness was expressed by Jesus when He said,, " I am t h e vine. You a r e t h e branches. He who abides in me, and I in him, he b e a r s much f r u i t . F o r without me you can do n o t h i n g . " (John 15:5) I t was expressed by St. P a u l when he wrote to the Corinthians, "You a r e t h e body of C h r i s t , " ( 1 Cor. 12:27) and, "You a r e t h e temple of t h e living God." (2 Cor. 6 : 6 ) C h r i s t i a n i t y is a m a t t e r of Union and union is a m a t t e r of love. P a u l could say, " I n all t h i n g s we overcome because of Him who loved us." (Romans 8:38) The second conflict is t h e clash of love of a n o t h e r w i t h love of self. The sign of d e f e a t in t h i s battle is selfishness. The sign of victory is altruism. T h i s is t h e second love of C h r i s t i a n i t y and its second g r e a t command- ment, "Thou shalt love t h y neighbor as t h y s e l f . " Christ showed us t h e way in this, com- m a n d m e n t - f r o m Bethlehem to Calvary. Lest we f o r g e t it, he said, " G r e a t e r love t h a n t h i s no one has, t h a t one lay down his life f o r his f r i e n d s . " (John 15:13) And lest we f o r g e t it, he did! To t h i s example he ad- ded a n o t h e r motive. He identified himself with the other he asked us to love. "Amen I say t o you, as long as you did i t f o r one of these, t h e least of my b r e t h r e n , you did i t f o r me." ( M a t t h e w 25:40) John t h e Apostle could say bluntly. "If anyone says ' I love God,' and hates his b r o t h e r , LOVE 19 he is a l i a r . " ( 1 John 4 : 2 0 ) " C h r i s t i a n i t y is p r i m a r i l y a m a t - t e r of love of God, and t h e s u r e s t t e s t of t h a t is t h e love of neighbor. I t all comes down to t h i s : Persons cannot live h u m a n lives in themselves or towards a n o t h e r without divine help. P a u l wrote to t h e Romans, "All have sinned and have need of t h e glory of God. They a r e justified f r e e l y by his grace t h r o u g h t h e re- demption which is in Christ J e s u s . . . t h e c h a r i t y of God is poured f o r t h in our h e a r t s by the Holy S p i r i t who has been given to us." ( 3 : 2 3 5:5) - C h a r i t y is t h e Christ-life in us. I t is t h e l i f e and love of God in us. W i t h o u t i t we are, lost. Our loves have consumed us. I am helpless to tell you how necessary i t is, and so I t u r n to P a u l again. "If I should speak with t h e tongues of men and of angels, b u t do not have charity, I have become a sounding b r a s s or a tinkling cymbal . . . and if I have f a i t h so as to remove mountains, yet do not have char- ity, I am nothing. And if I dis- t r i b u t e all my goods to feed t h e poor, and if I deliver my body to be burned, Yet I do not have charity, it profits me n o t h i n g . " (1 Cor. 13:1-3) J O Y Look a t w h a t you a r e doing! Giving g i f t s f o r Christmas. How do you feel about i t ? H a p p i e r t h a n you have f e l t in m o n t h s ? If i t b r i n g s you joy to give a t Christmas, it may b r i n g you joy to give on t h e F o u r t h of July, and on Sunday t h r o u g h S a t u r - day f r o m J a n u a r y to December. T h e r e may be a connection be- tween joy and giving. T h e r e may be a vital connection between them. I t may be a law of life t h a t joy is t h e f r u i t of giving. Look a t w h a t you a r e doing. When you finish w r a p p i n g your g i f t s , fold your hands, bow your head and look a t w h a t you a r e doing in your h e a r t . Why a r e you giving, and w h a t does giv- i n g do to you? Are you a t your best a t C h r i s t m a s ? Was Dickens telling t h e t r u t h whein he had C h r i s t m a s u n f r e e z e even Scrooge? W h a t do you see in your h e a r t ? This t r u t h : Christ- mas is a season of joy because it is a season of giving? B u t someone may say it is a j o y f u l day because t h e shops have rolled down t h e i r s h u t t e r s , and t h e money changers have locked t h e i r boxes, and t h e flame and t h e blast of t h e f u r n a c e is still, and men have escaped to the f a i r y l a n d of the home, where t h e competitors do not compete, and bosses do not boss, and mer- chants do not haggle, and crowds do not push and bruise. Someone may say t h a t Christmas is t w e n t y - f o u r hours of a magic cottage, a brief sweet dream of a magic world t h a t man can keep alive only f o r a day, a mid-wint- er n i g h t ' s dream t h a t vanishes like t h e f r o s t with t h e new day's heat. Do we have to disguise t h e a i r with holly and fill t h e air with carols to make men differ- ent ? Or d o e s t h a t make t h e m d i f - f e r e n t ? A r e they different be- cause of convention, because of a social custom t h a t has enslav- e d ' u s so t h a t we go t h r o u g h mo- tions without meaning, giving with t h e hands and withholding t h e h e a r t ? God f o r b i d ! I t h i n k t h e r e is no cynicism so cold t h a t the w a r m t h of -a C h r i s t m a s carol cannot melt it, no scepticism so s h a r p t h a t Christmas p r a y e r cannot dull it, no blindness so black t h a t it cannot catch t h e white glow of a Christmas candle beside a Christmas crib. All of us a r e living a t r u t h a t C h r i s t - mas. We a r e preaching a sermon to ourselves t h a t we f o r g e t too soqp. The t r u t h we a r e living is JOY 21 t h i s : Man is a t his best when he gives; he i s most human t h e n ; and when man is most human he is most happy. Joy is the f r u i t of giving of g i f t s , but I would tell you of a g r e a t e r joy, the giving of self, and I would tell you on Christmas of one who gave himself as no one ever gave before or since. This story begins in heaven before time began. I t begins with God the F a t h e r giving divine life to the Son. He t h a t is born of the divine F a t h e r is rightly call- ed the Son. Since God is Spirit it is a spiritual birth, and the divine Son is t h e living likeness of the F a t h e r . He is the expres- sion of the F a t h e r , and hence may be named the Word. So in your Christmas Mass you will read t h e lovely words of St. John's Gospel: "In t h e begin- ning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." (1:1) The be- ginning of time marked God's first giving to man, the prepara- tion of a world f o r him, the g i f t of creation. All this was given through the.Son. So John r e a d s : "All things were made through Him, and without him was made nothing t h a t has been made.", (1:3) And when the fullness of time had come t h e F a t h e r ' s greatest giving came, the g i f t of the Son himself, the g i f t of the Incarnation. As John wrote i t : "The Word was made flesh and dwelt among us." ( 1 : 4 ) Mary called her Son Jesus, which means Savior, and when He told men why He had come, He said it was "to give his life as a ransom f o r m a n y / ' (Matthew 20:28). He began t h a t life of giving at the first moment of His exist- ence in the virginal womb of Mary b u t made it m a n i f e s t to men in a miraculous way f o r the first time when Mary told Him of a simple need of people a t a wedding f e a s t . They needed wine, and amid the music and f u n of a wedding the glory of God was seen as Jesus began His life of giving. His giving was not a thing to be measured out cautiously. The gaiety of men and their laughter was s u f - ficient reason f o r his giving and the request of Mary, who said, "They have no wine." There was to be no end of the giving then begun. You might see Him each day in the towns of Judea or Galilee giving His words ft) all who came to hear Him, especially to the poor. He gave not only of His light, but of His power as well. The blind came to Him and He gave them sight, t h e 22 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN sick came and He gave them health, the crippled came and He gave them power "to walk, sin- ners came and He gave them release f r o m t h e i r sins. When t h e crowds followed Him across t h e lake and had nothing to eat, He gave five thousand bread to eat with a f e w loaves. T h e r e was no end to His giving. Mothers brought t h e i r children and He gave them blessing. He gave life to t h e dead, to the son of a wid- ow He had never seen b e f o r e and to t h e b r o t h e r of a f r i e n d . He gave His time, His energy, H i s wisdom, H i s power, His love, His mercy, His tenderness. And when t h e world Was asleep He gave His n i g h t hours in p r a y e r to His heavenly F a t h e r . Then came t h e day when t h e world of evil and the power of darkness tried to bind t h e hands of t h e Giver. They did bind His hands with nails to t h e cross, as if to say, "We'll p u t an end to your giving." But even as they bound Him He prayed, " F a t h e r f o r g i v e them, f o r they know not w h a t they do." (Luke 2 3 : 3 4 ) . F o r g i v i n g is t h e h a r d e s t giving of all. T h e r e was no end to His giving. On t h e cross He gave P a r a d i s e to a t h i e f , He gave Mary a son, and John a mother. He gave His blood to t h e last drop " a ransom f o r m a n y . " The n i g h t before He gave us " a re- membrance of His wonderful works." (Psalm 1 1 0 : 4 ) . He l e f t us the eternal symbol of His everlasting giving f r o m the h e i g h t s of heaven to the depths of Calvary, t h e E u c h a r i s t . He gave us His flesh to eat, and His blood to drink. And a t t h a t same moment He shared His p r i e s t - hood with His Apostles and t h e i r successors, who would t h r o u g h the Mass, extend His I n c a r n a - tion to all times and places. Joy went where the Giver went. Imagine t h e joy of the paralytic when he took his first step and walked. Imagine t h e joy of the blind man when he first beheld the color of the e a r t h and the sky and t h e eyes of Christ. Imagine t h e joy of t h e sinner when released f r o m Sin. Imagine the joy of t h e Giver of these g i f t s . The Gospel is m a r k - ed f r o m beginning to end with a note of joy. Gloom is an alien body in Christianity. The very word Gospel means good news. Mary's Magnificat in the Gos- pel of St. Luke is a song of j o y ; h e r s p i r i t rejoices in God h e r Saviour. When Mary came to visit Elizabeth who was also with child Elizabeth greeted h e r with the words, " T h e moment JOY 2 3 t h a t the sound of thy greeting came to my ears, the babe in my womb leapt f o r joy." (Luke 1: 44). John the Baptist was t h a t child, and later he was to say, " I am not the Christ, but have been sent before Him . . . the f r i e n d of the bridegroom, who stands and hears Him, rejoices exceedingly at the voice of the bridegroom. This my joy there- f o r e is made full." (John 3 : 2 9 ) . Jesus often spoke of joy. We meet it in His parables of the kingdom of heaven. "The king- dom of heaven is like a t r e a s u r e hidden in a field; a man who finds it hides it, and in his joy goes and sells all t h a t he has and buys t h a t field." (Matthew 13:44). It appears in the lovely parable of the lost sheep. The shepherd leaves the ninety-nine in the desert to go in search of the one t h a t is lost. "And when he has found it, he lays it upon his shoulders rejoicing. And on coming home he calls together his f r i e n d s and neighbors, say- ing to them, 'Rejoice with me, because I have found my sheep t h a t was lost.' I say to you, that, even so, there will be joy in heaven over one sinner who re- pents, more than ninety-nine just, who have no need of re- pentance." (Luke 15:5-7). What is there to compare with the joy of the f a t h e r in t h a t loveliest of all parables, the Prodigal Son. Remember the f a t h e r ' s excited words upon his son's r e t u r n . "Fetch quickly the best robe and put it on him, and give him a ring f o r his finger and sandals f o r his f e e t ; and bring out t h e fattened calf and kill it, and let us eat and make m e r r y ; be- cause this my son was dead, and has come to life a g a i n ; he was lost and is found." (Luke 15:21- 24). P i c t u r e the joy of the peo- ple as they listened to Jesus and beheld their kindly F a t h e r in heaven through the thin lovely veil of the story of the Prodigal Son. P i c t u r e the joy of Jesus as He told it. In the Upper Room the n i g h t before Calvary Jesus spoke to His disciples of joy. "These things I have spoken to you t h a t my joy may be in you, and t h a t your joy may be made full." (John 15:11). He prayed t h a t night t h a t His joy might be theirs. " B u t now I am coming to thee, ( F a t h e r ) ; and while I am still in the world I am tell- ing them this, so t h a t my joy may be theirs, and reach its full measure in them." (17:13). He reassured them with these words: "Your gladness will be 24 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN one which nobody can t a k e away f r o m you." ( 1 6 : 2 2 ) . I t is Christmas Eve and t h e time opens a door to m e r r i m e n t and m i r t h . Merriment is a bub- ble t h a t is moist f o r a m o m e n t ; joy is a well-spring t h a t never r u n s dry. I speak to you serious- ly not to r e s t r a i n your m e r r i - ment, but to enrich your joy. M e r r i m e n t can be a mask t h a t w e a r s t h i n in a d a y ; joy is as deep as t h e h e a r t of man. Mer- r i m e n t is not a t h i n g to be scof- f e d at. I t is a human response to a h u m a n need. I t is the ex- pression of t h e human h e a r t t h a t needs company, song and laugh- t e r sometimes. We do r i g h t to wish men a m e r r y Christmas, f o r human h e a r t s a r e made to be m e r r y a t times, especially a t Christmas time. I t is r i g h t tb wish men a m e r r y Christmas, b u t it is not enough to wish them. Add to t h a t wish a p r a y e r t h a t they may find joy. A p r a y e r is necessary because joy is not a t h i n g t h a t men find easily. We find m e r r i m e n t with a jolly com- pany, -or with the aid of cakes and ale. Joy is not born of such t r i v i a l p a r e n t s . I t is deep down within a man rooted in t h e fiber of his soul. I t comes not f r o m a good time, but f r o m t h e good life. I t too needs companionship, t h e companionship of C h r i s t and His grace. I t thrives on exercise, t h e exercise of giving. More t h a n a giving of g i f t s it is a giving of self. T h i s self-giving does not so much consist in doing t h i s or t h a t , b u t in an a t t i t u d e of mind and a disposition of heart, a like- ness to Christ, Who said, "Learn f r o m me, f o r I am meek and humble of h e a r t . " ( M a t t h e w 11: 2 9 ) . All these words of mine a r e b u t t h e introduction to a wish and t h e p r e f a c e to a p r a y e r . I wish you all a m e r r y and a j o y f y l Christmas. My p r a y e r f o r you now and in my Christmas Mas- ses tomorrow is t h i s : May you learn the a r t of giving and t h e joy of living f r o m Him Whose b i r t h d a y we celebrate, Blessed Mary's Son. And I shall ask you f o r a g i f t . Please say t h e same p r a y e r f o r me. H O Religion is not a substitute f o r common sense. You need common sense in a church as much as in a grocery store or a service station. In f a r too many cases religious beliefs of some persons are a substitute f o r sound judgment, particularly in m a t t e r s dealing with prophecy and the f u t u r e . The Bible is one of the most difficult books in the world to understand and inter- pret. The oldest p a r t s of the Bible were written more than three thousand years ago, and all of it was written over eighteen hundred years ago. I t was written in a distant land and in ancient and alien tongues. To i n t e r p r e t t h e Bible with some sort of authority one needs edu- cation in history, language, and theology. Wishing will not make one a biblical i n t e r p r e t e r any more than it will make one rich. Prophecy is the most difficult phase of Old Testament inter- pretation, and in the New Testa- ment the Apocalypse, the Revela- tion to John, is the njost difficult book to understand and explain. F o r many texts we can arrive only a t probable interpretations and conclusions. To take these texts and to deduce f r o m them P E with mathematical precision pre- dictions about the f u t u r e contra- dicts not only the n a t u r e of prophecy but common sense as well. And it does h a r m to the cause of religion among think- ing people. There is much too much private interpretation of the Bible, and it is a most un- f o r t u n a t e situation. Man is religious by nature. He is, not educated by nature. Man is emotional by nature. He is not self-controlled by nature. He acquires education by effort and self-control by grace. In the meantime we can exploit his ig- norance and his emotions in the name of religion or in the name of anything else. This is not only a possibility, but an all too f r e - quent actuality, particularly in the field of religion. I attempt no estimate of responsibility in the m a t t e r . I point to the f a c t and lament it. In this most criti- cal year in the most critical of centuries I appeal to all religious leaders f o r a g r e a t e r sense of responsibility. I appeal f o r "it in the name of honor, honesty, and humility. I carry t h a t appeal beyond religious leaders to those -who mold public opinion in the press or on the radio, to those 26 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN who shape t h e minds of t h e young t h r o u g h television and moving-pictures. I appeal to p a r - ents and educators, to everyone who is responsible f o r anyone f o r a f u l l e r sense of responsi- bility, a g r e a t e r awareness of t h e a w f u l seriousness of t h e hour and a courage to match the over- whelming proportions of the crisis. I appeal f o r a clear head and a humble heart, f o r t h a t minimum of u n i t y without which America as a nation cannot long endure. All t h a t is p r e f a c e to my re- m a r k s on hope. Hope is a man's act, not a child's game. Hope is conditioned by reality. In a b u r n - ing house you do not hope the house will not b u r n ; you hope to get out alive. Let us reason to- g e t h e r about hope with f a i t h and common sense. A Christian lives in two worlds, the City of God and the City of Man. He is a citizen of t h e S t a t e and a member of t h e Church. He considers both worlds important, b u t he holds the spiritual world supreme. He believes t h a t "heaven and e a r t h will pass a w a y " (Mark 13:31), t h a t is, t h i s visible world of e a r t h and sky. This is not news. You may read it in St. Paul or in S i r J a m e s Jeans. B u t t h i s ques- tion is news! Will man destroy t h e City of Man b e f o r e time does? T h a t is an altogether reasonable question in 1950, un- dreamed of in 1900. The Chris- tian believes t h a t t h e City of God is eternal, f o r i t is a city not built with hands. Christ said, "My words will not pass away." ( M a r k 1 3 : 3 1 ) . He said, " I go to p r e p a r e a place f o r you t h a t where I am, t h e r e you also may be." (John 14:2) I believe in everlasting life with Christ. T h a t will not pass away. These beliefs condition my hopes. A Christian is a m a n with a hope in each hand, a hori- zontal hope and a vertical hope. T h e vertical hope r u n s upwards toward heaven. He hopes to go t h e r e where " n e i t h e r moth nor r u s t consumes." ( M a t t h e w 6 : 2 0 ) . The horizontal hope points across t h e face of t h e e a r t h . H e has hope f o r t h e C i t y of Man too, f o r he believes in God's provi- dence as well as in God's pre- destination. Let us look a t the horizontal hope first, t h e h o p e ' f o r t h e world t h a t man has built, t h e world t h a t is in such imminent peril. This is t h e hope t h a t needs t h e h a r d and f a s t control of bal- anced j u d g m e n t . I t is t h e hope f o r America s t r e t c h i n g between HOPE 27 thé shining seas, where more t h a n ever b e f o r e on e a r t h the hopes and dreams of man have been realized, a world t h a t is not all good b u t in which t h e r e is more good t h a n evil, a world which makes iti^ s h a r e of mis- takes b u t knows how t o forgive, a world t h a t is t r u l y worth sav- i n g because i t is t h e hope not pnly of Americans, b u t of- all lovers of freedom, a world t h a t h a s m i g h t and t h e responsibili- ties of m i g h t . W h a t is our hope f o r i t ? Our hope is conditioned by t h e mon- s t r o u s r e g i m e n t s t h a t surround it, by t h e d r e a m s our f o e dreams by t h e hopes he harbors, by h i s vision of a world to be undone and of his power to undo it. Do we d a r e hope to sit out our days by t h e quiet fires of compro- mise? I s ours t h e feeble hope t h a t will accept a desolation and call it peace? I t h i n k we a r e con- f r o n t e d w i t h a choice: slavery or b a t t l e ! T h e first is not hope b u t despair.. My humble and hon- est hope on t h i s last day of the year is not f o r peace but f o r victory. T h e reason f o r my j u d g m e n t is all t h e reasons you know and t h i s is one: evil does -not die; it must be killed. Com- munism will not compromise any more t h a n S a t a n . The present conflict is not new. T h e r e a r e new names and new weapons. Do you remem- ber this question and a n s w e r ? " W h a t leads to w a r ? . . . I will tell you; the appetites which in- f e s t your mortal bodies. Your desires go unfulfilled, so you fall to m u r d e r i n g . " ( J a m e s 4 : 1 ) Does t h a t sound like an excerpt f r o m t h i s morning's p a p e r ? I t was w r i t t e n by St. J a m e s a l m o s t , nineteen hundred y e a r s ago. Do you recall who said, "Do not im- agine I have come to b r i n g peace to t h e e a r t h ; I have come to b r i n g a sword, not peace." (Matthew 1 0 : 3 4 ) . J e s u s of Na- zareth. Even t h e peace of t h e first Christmas was. conditioned peace. "Peace on e a r t h to men of good will." (Luke 2 : 1 4 ) . T h e peace t h a t Christ b r o u g h t was not political b u t personal, a peace t h a t remained w h e t h e r men t u r n e d t h e i r swords into ploughshares or t h e i r plough- shares into swords, a peace t h a t neither t h e world nor w a r can take f r o m you. T h e hope t h a t t h e world t h a t man h a s made will know no more w a r is p e r h a p s an unfound- ed hope. T h e r e is nothing in t h e p a s t to give us reason f o r it. H i s t o r i a n s date t h e beginnings of m i l i t a r y imperialism w i t h 28 FAITH AND THE HEART OF MAN Tutmoses I I I in E g y p t about thirty-five hundred years ago. F r o m Babylon to Moscow man learns ever so slowly t h a t peace is the f r u i t of justice. Only when justice prevails on the e a r t h will t h e r e be an end of war. Some f e a r t h a t perhaps we a r e ap- proaching the last w a r of the world, the battle of Armageddon, t h e apocalyptic s t r u g g l e between Christ and Anti-Christ. I do not think so, although our f o e bears many of the m a r k s of t h e beast. I t h i n k t h i s is one of t h e w a r s between good and evil, t h e g r e a t - est man has known, b u t not t h e last. A w a r between good and evil does not mean t h a t all those who oppose us a r e evil. Many follow leaders without knowing where they lead. Many have lost the will to resist. Many a r e teo h u n g r y to resist. Many too much a f r a i d . Many love bread more, t h a n freedom. Many a r e be- fuddled by words, words, words. Many a r e benighted, many bewitched. We a r e not all good. Many on our side t h i n k t h a t goodness has lit- tle or nothing to do with t h e case. We have our s h a r e of con- fusion, stupidity, and vice, b u t our cause is t h e good cause. Our banner is white although t h e hands and h e a r t s t h a t bear i t a r e soiled. In t h i s J s our hope t h a t we fight f o r t h e r i g h t , t h a t we love f r e e d o m and h a t e t y r a n t s . Christians a r e convinced of vic- tory. They believe t h a t Christ is s t r o n g e r t h a n Satan, and t h e r e is much sacred blood t o be avenged. The Christian remembers t h e victory hope of his ancestors w r i t t e n in t h e Apocalypse in t h e figure of t h e white horse and its rider, who "rode out victorious and to win victory." ( 6 : 2 ) The r i d e r "bore f o r his title, t h e F a i t h f u l , t h e T r u e ; he judges and goes to battle in t h e cause of the r i g h t . . . t h e name by which he is called is t h e Word of God . . . And t h e title is w r i t - ten on his cloak, over, his thigh, The King of Kings, and t h e Lord of Lords." (19:11-16) The Christian confidence is in victory of t h e cause of r i g h t because i t is the cause of Christ. H i s p r a y e r is t h a t all who fight in t h a t cause will s h a r e in t h e whiteness of Christ, f o r then t h e victory will be s w i f t and sure. The vertical hope is t h a t hope f o r t h e h e r e a f t e r . T h i s is t h e hope t h a t is s i s t e r of f a i t h and c h a r i t y . I t is the hope t h a t St. Paul speaks of in Romans 5. "We a r e confident in t h e hope of a t - t a i n i n g glory as t h e sons of God; HOPE 29 nay, we a r e confident even over our afflictions, knowing well t h a t affliction gives r i s e to endur- ance and endurance gives proof of our f a i t h , and a proved f a i t h gives ground f o r hope. N o r does t h i s hope delude u s ; t h e love of God h a s been poured out in our h e a r t s by t h e Holy Spirit, whom we have received." ( 5 : 2 - 7 ) . The hope of C h r i s t i a n s is to come to t h e raven of peace a f t e r t h e storms of t h i s life, to find r e s t a f t e r turmoil, to behold light a f t e r t h e darkness. T h e r e f o r e t h e Church p r a y s f o r h e r d e p a r t e d : " E t e r n a l r e s t g r a n t to them, 0 Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon them." May they r e s t in peace." T h e Christian hope is not f o r a Uto- pia here below bought with other men's blood, b u t f o r a heaven beyond purchased by t h e blood of Christ. As t h e first half of t h e twenti- eth century r u n s out t o n i g h t I think the Christian hope f o r our world is like t h e hope -and t h e c e r t i t u d e of Christ, t h e hope f o r an E a s t e r a f t e r a Good F r i d a y , the hope f o r t h e resurrection of the world a f t e r the tomb of war. This hope, and only this, gives t h e Good F r i d a y we f a c e a mean- i n g : victory f o r our cause and glory f o r our dead! May God be with you. THE PURPOSE OF THE CATHOLIC HOUR Extract from the address of the late Patrick Cardinal H a y e s at the in- augural program of the Catholic Hour in the studio o f the National Broadcasting Company, New York City, March 2, 1930.) Our c o n g r a t u l a t i o n s a n d our g r a t i t u d e a r e e x t e n d e d to t h e N a t i o n a l Council of Catholic Men and i t s officials, and t o all who, by t h e i r financial s u p p o r t , have made it possible to u s e t h i s offer of t h e N a t i o n a l B r o a d - c a s t i n g Company. The h e a v y e x p e n s e of m a n a g i n g and financing a weekly p r o g r a m , its "musical n u m b e r s , its s p e a k e r s , t h e s u b s e q u e n t an- s w e r i n g , of inquiries, m u s t be m e t . . . . This radio h o u r is f o r all the people of t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s . To our fellow-citizens, in t h i s word of dedication, we wish to e x p r e s s a cordial g r e e t i n g and, indeed, c o n g r a t u l a t i o n s . F o r t h i s r a d i o h o u r is one of service to A m e r i c a , which c e r t a i n l y will listen in i n t e r e s t e d l y , and even s y m p a t h e t i c a l l y , I am sure, to t h e voice of t h e a n c i e n t Church with its historic background of all t h e c e n t u r i e s of t h e C h r i s t i a n e r a , and with its own notable c o n t r i b u t i o n to t h e .discovery, e x p l o r a t i o n , f o u n d a t i o n and ffrowth of our glorious c o u n t r y . . . . Thus t o voice b e f o r e a v a s t public t h e Catholic Church is n o l i g h t task. Our p r a y e r s will be with t h o s e who h a v e t h a t t a s k in h a n d . We feel c e r t a i n t h a t i t will h a \ j ^ both t h e good will and t h e good wishes of the g r e a t m a j o r i t y of o u r c o u n t r y m e n . Surely, t h e r e is no t r u e lover of our C o u n t r y who. does n o t e a g e r l y hope f o r a less worldly, a less m a t e r i a l , and a more s p i r i t u a l s t a n d a r d a m o n g our people. With good will, with k i n d n e s s and w i t h Christ-like s y m p a t h y f o r all. this work is i n a u g u r a t e d . So m a y it continue. So m a y it be f u l - filled. This word of dedication voices, t h e r e f o r e , t h e hope t h a t t h i s r a d i o hour m a y serve to m a k e known,- to explain w i t h the c h a r i t y of C h r i s t , our f a i t h , which we love even a s we love C h r i s t H i m s e l f . May i t serve to make b e t t e r understood t h a t f a i t h as i t r e a l l y is—a l i g h t r e v e a l i n g the p a t h w a y to h e a v e n : a s t r e n g t h , a n d a power divine t h r o u g h C h r i s t ; oardoning our sins, e l e v a t i n g , c o n s e c r a t i n g o u r common e v e r y - d a y duties and joys, b r i n g i n g not only j u s t i c e b u t g l a d n e s s and peace to o u r s e a r c h - i n g a n d q u e s t i o n i n g h e a r t s . 127 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS In 4 2 States, the District of „Columbia, and H a w a i i Alabama- Arizona California— .Mobile .. ... WALA Montgomery —; _ WSFA* .Douglas KAWT Globe .— : K W J R Phoenix -•:-—.—..... KTAR Prescott : KYCA Sofford..'. ' - — KGLU Tucson ... KVOA Yuma..._..: -i. KYUM -Bakersfleld - Fresno.. I S KERO ....:„.:. .KMJ Los Angeles - KFi Sacramento ——- KCRA San Francisco- .— KPO Santo Barbara KIST -1410 kc 1440 kc .1450 kc .1240 kc 620 kc ..1490 kc .1450 kc .1290 kc ..1240 kc 1230 kc .. 580 kc _ 640 kc .1340 kc . 6 8 0 kc ..1340 kc Colorado- _ Denver.. KOA Connecticut..., District of Columbia •Rorida : —Hartford ..WTIC» .. Washington : WRC -Jacksonville ¡ ¿ i . W J A X Miami..;.: „ — ~ WIOD Orlando § WORZ Pensacoia _ WCOA Tampa - -WFLA Georgia - Atlanta- Augusta Idaho— Illinois.. m ; i.: wsb i— .WTNT Savannah - WSAV ,—- ...KIDO* Indiana.. _ Boise .r_.—..—— — —— . Chicago....i_ ...i -...........;.....•...-WMAQ Peoria „WEEK . Elkhart ;—i:— WTRC Fort Wayne .-..-... WGL Indianapolis W I R E * Terr» Haute— _.WBOW Iowa Kansas.. .. Davenport Des Moines..— ..WOC* WHO Kentucky.. Louisiana- Maine Maryland- Massachusetts... Michigan...,::— . 850 kc -1090 kc —Hutchinson K W B W Wichita.—.: y u— KANS „Louisville — - W A V E » Alexandria KYSL Baton Rouge -L W J B O Lafayette ......'. : KVOL Lake Charles KPLC Monroe KNOE New Orleans . ; WSMB Shreveoort - ........... KTBS* 980 kc 930 kc ; I. 610 kc 740 kc .......1370 kc . 970-620 kc 750 kc 1230 kc 1340 kc .—.— 1380 kc — 670 kc — 1 3 5 0 kc 1340 kc 1450 kc 1430 kc 1230 kc 1420 kc - 1040 kc ._.-1450 kc 11240 kc 970 kc ..Augusta .WRDO Bangor £ - WLBZ* .Baltimore ^ — , — WTBO Cumberland WBAL . Boston :— — — W B Z Springfield - W B Z A D e t r o i t . — . : - - — T — W W J Flint— S I I — — rWTCB Saginaw ,.....:.........WSAM* 1400 kc . 1150 kc 1340 kc -1490 kc .1230 kc -1350 kc .1480 kc .1400 kc 620 kc -1450 kc 1090 kc -1030 kc -1030 kc - 950 kc - 600 kc -1400 kc 127 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS In 4 2 State*, the District of Columbia, and Hawaii Minnesota ___Duluth-Superlor WEBC Hibblng I S WMFG Mankato • - ^ • _..KYSM Minneapolls-St Paul .....:.... KSTP Rochester ...KROC -1320 kc .1300 kc .1230 kc -1500 kc .1340 kc Montana .Billings- Nebraska.. : KGHL Bazeman ......... . KRBM Butte KGIR Great Falls. :....:_..;.........,. ..KXLK Helena i ::: —._.... ..KXU „North Platte _.... ........KODY Omaha - , i WOW Nevada New Hampshire.. New Mexico New York Reno.—. Manchester .-. Albuquerque...... North Carolina.... North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon..- Pennsylvania.. ...,..: KOH* .'- WFEA .-;.'. .KOB .. Buffalo........ •••.•••••••••••.•••••••.••—WB EN New York : WNBC Schenectady. ...:..... .... WGY Asheville.. .,:,„ : | — ..WISE» Charlotte WSOC Raleigh & WPTF Winston-Salem — - — W S J S ..Blsmark I - .........V.'. KFYR Fargo —— _—...:... .WDAY -Cleveland...!... '. ..........WTAM Lima ... ...— WLOK Toledo WSPD* Zanesville 1- _ _ WHIZ ..Oklahoma Clty„ Rhode Island .... South Carolina- South Dakota.. .Tennessee Utah ? Virginia .... _ 790 kc - U S O k c .1370 kc -1400 kc -1240 kc -1240 kc _ 590 kc | 630 kc -.1240 kc -1030 kc _ 930 kc - 660 kc - 810 kc .1230 kc .1240 kc - 680 kc ~ 600 kc .. 550 kc .. 970 kc ..1100 kc .1240 kc .1340 kc -1240 kc .. 930 kc .1170 kc -1440 kc - 620 kc .1470 kc .1340 kc 1230 kc .1400 kc .1490 kc .1060 kc 1020 kc .1340 kc .1340 kc .1400 kc | 920 kc 1250 kc .. 560 kc -1330 kc .Sioux Falls ....:...„... KSOO-KELO ..1140-1230 kc 790 kc 650 kc 1440 kc 1380 kc 820 kc 950 kc 1200 kc 1290 kc 1320 kc _ 550 kc .1450 kc . 790 kc 1380 ks W K Y * Tulsa ........... % KVOO .Medford l,.'-.,, , .,".,' V.' ~ ..„KMED Portland........ù........iyv£- KGW* Altoona WSAN Erie c "l 1 WFBG Johnstown............ i. „'..;. WERC Lewi stown W J A C Philadelphia....;. WMRF Pittsburgh KYW Reading . .KDKA Wilkes-Barre WRAW Williamsport - WBRE Allentown i , ùà .WRAK . Providence ...WJ AR . Charleston .WTMA Columbia..... | WIS* Greenville Z « WFBC* -Memphis... N a s h v i l l e . . ..WMC» -WSM* -Amarillo £ ; KGNC» El Paso KTSM* Fort Worth I J .WPAB» Houston....:............:...... .. KPRC» San Antonio WOAI Weslaco KRGV» .Salt Lake City - KYDL* Harrisonburg * * ..WSVA Martinsville WMVA Norfolk ,• a,,,.- : WTAR» Richmond ...... WMBG 127 CATHOLIC HOUR STATIONS In 4 2 Stata*, Hi* District of Columbia, and H a w a i i Washington Saottlo-J..'... J ' ,.r,,',.-' : KOMO* 950 kc Spokane .............. KHQ* _ 590 kc Wisconsin...... ........l.Eou Clolro • ' ,>' 1 — . . W E A U kc La Crosse .WKBH M I O kc Marinette...., — _ _ I— — W M A M * ^ 570 kc Hawaii - „ ¿ a 4 - Honolulu ! .............;..:—...:KGU 740 He » Delayed Broadcast (Revised as of March 6. 1949) • * A M and F N CATHOLIC HOUR RADIO ADDRESSES IN PAMPHLET FORM Prices Subject t o change without notice. OUR SUNDAY VISITOR is t h e authorized, publisher of all CATHOLIC H O U R ad- dresses in p a m p h l e t f o r m . The addresses published to date, all of which a r e available, a r e listed below. Others will be published a s they a r e delivered. Quantity prices do not include carriage charge " T h e Divine Romance," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 80 pages and cover, single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $10.76 p e r 100. " C h r i s t and His Church," by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Joseph M. Corrigan, 88 "pages and cover, bingle copy, 25c p o s t p a i d : 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $13.00 p e r 100. "The Marks of t h e C h u r c h , " by Rev. Dr. J o h n K. C a r t w r i g h t , 48 pages and cover, b m g l e copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 15c each. In quantities, $8.00 p e r ISO. n o c " J h e Organization and Government of the C h u r c h , " by Rev. Dr. F r a n c i s J . Connell, u . a s . K . , 48 pages and cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 15c each. In quantities, $8.00 p e r 100. "Moral Factors in Economic L i f e , " by Rt. 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Gillis, C.S.P., 80 pages and cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 16c each. I n quantities, $10.76 per 100. " P e a c e , " by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Fulton J . Sheen, 160 pages and cover. Single copy 40c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 80c each. In quantities, $19.50 per 100. "Christian Heroism," by Rev. Robert J . Slavin, O.P., 64 pages and cover. Single copy, 25c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 20c each. In quantities, $9.00 per 100. " A Report to Mothers and F a t h e r s , " by Rev. William A. Maguire, Chaplain, U. S. Army, and Rev. Christopher E. O ' H a r a , Chaplain, U. S. Navy, 24 pages and cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 6 or more, 15c each. In quantities, $8.00 per 100. " T h e Liturgy and the L a i t y , " by Rev. William J . Lallou, 82 pages a n d cover. Single copy, 20c p o s t p a i d ; 5 or more, 15c each. I n quantities, $8.00 per 100. " T h e Catholic I n t e r p r e t a t i o n of C u l t u r e , " by Rev. Vincent Lloyd-Russell, 40 pages and cover. 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