Youth and chastity /^iuf r~ yOc:/A Cfned ctic&s&f ByThe Rev. PaulTanner. Youth and Chastity (Adapted from "Marriage And The Family" by Dr. Jacques Leclercq) BY THE REV. PAUL TANNER No. 7 Eighteenth Edition, 95,000 Printed In U. S. A. January 2, 1956 By OUR SUNDAY VISITOR PRESS Huntington, Indiana Nihil Obstat: REV. EDWARD A. MILLER Censor Librorum Imprimatur: + JOHN FRANCIS NOLL, D.D. Archbishop, Bishop of Fort Wayne Descfdffled Youth and Chastity Be not deceived, God is not mock- ed. For what things a man shall sow those also shall he reap. For he that soweth in his flesh, of the flesh also shall reap corruption. But he that soweth in the spirit, of the spirit shall reap life everlasting. (Gal. VI, 7,8) CAINT PAUL, in these somber words, is ^ but repeating the analogy used by Our Lord Himself in His sermon to youth, when he spoke of the physical impossibility of growing grapes from thorns, or figs from thistles. There is an inexorable, intrinsic, inevitable, causal relationship between sow- ing and reaping. It is precisely this simple but overpowering truth that gives youth its profound significance—as you sow so also shall you reap. Ordinarily one is loath to discuss Youth and Chastity because of the nature of the subject; too much reticence fails to enlight- en, too much explicitness may scandalize the innocent. Yet with confidence in our Blessed Mother, we ask her guidance in striking a happy medium in considering this virtue which she has come to personify in Western culture and in Catholic hearts everywhere. The importance of chastity to youth to- day is obvious, for on all sides—in the gut- 4 YOUTH AND CHASTITY ters and in the universities, in back-alley pool rooms and fashionable drawing rooms, among the illiterate paupers and the edu- cated wealthy, we see not merely the hon- orableness but even the very possibility and morality of chastity challenged. Four cen- turies of steady secularization of life have so far separated the ethics of modem man from Christ that he is without the basic principles upon which to evaluate chastity, and foolishly believes that the psychiatrists and the sociologists are supreme authorities in the matter. We applaud a great sculptor who pro- duces, in cold inert marble, a beautiful sta- tue; we honor the genius of the painter, who with oil and pigments produces a beatiful canvas; we reverence the memory of a horticulturalist who by skillful cross fertilization and selection has added some new flower or fruit to enrich our lives. Yet how trifling is the creative labor of the sculptor, the painter or the naturalist when contrasted with what occurs each time a child is born! Its parents become creators with God Himself in producing a new life — the incomparable dignity of man’s procrea- tive powers can be estimated only from the sacredness of their end result. Because the very existence and conservation of the hu- man race itself finally depends on these same procreative powers, their significance transcends all merely personal and indi- vidual interests. YOUTH AND CHASTITY 5 Youth is Puzzled r^ESPITE these truths, youth today is everywhere taught by word and ex- ample to make light of chastity. The pages of history and literature, daily experience and observation, the records of courts and venereal clinics all point to the terrible fact of prevalent unchastity and the singu- lar frailty of mankind in withstanding carnal temptation. Youth is puzzled by this, and under- standably so. According to the teleological viewpoint, the universe is the handiwork of an intelligent Creator Who designed all creatures to achieve a definite end. Now one would normally suppose that it would be easier for a creature to act in accord with the natural laws of its being, than to act against these laws. Why then does man have such difficulty with chastity? Is it because it is unnatural, as many modem teachers of youth claim? Is the common materialistic explanation of evolutionism or Freudianism which frankly insists that mans natural condition is such that the role of passion is mighty and the role of reason but feeble and inconsistent, the correct one, or merely a plausible error? Perhaps in few other matters do we find a clearer distinction between the historic Christian concept of human nature and that of the materialistic modern man. Let us not assume too readily that all Catholic 6 YOUTH AND CHASTITY young people appreciate the radical differ- ence in outlook between their philosophy and that commonly accepted. What is the reason given by historic Christianity for this strange weakness of human nature? Original Sin Weakens Us “THE doctrine of original sin is a dogma of faith and as such eludes philosophical demonstration; yet it is at the same time an historical fact of primary importance, without which no rational comprehension of human nature is possible. Original sin, of course, does not mean a personal, delib- erate transgression of the law of God; it means rather the effect in us of the sin of Adam, who, as father of the human race, was endowed with immortality, with his reason and will in perfect control of his lower appetites, and with Divine grace. Through him these prerogatives were to have been transmitted to his descendants, but by his sin he lost them for himself and us as well. As a result of this privation, man today comes into the world with his nature weakened, that is, deprived of super- natural grace, subject to death, and with his lower appetites in rebellion against the reason and will. It is most important to observe, however, that concupiscence, while often the occasion of sin, is not in itself sinful; nor does original sin, as Luther held, so corrupt our nature as to leave our YOUTH AND CHASTITY 7 reason incapable of understanding, our will without freedom, and our whole nature evil. Let me emphasize again that original sin does not render us unable to observe the natural virtues—specifically, in our con- sideration, chastity. Hence, there is no such thing as a defeatist attitude among Christians regarding human nature. With the aid of divine grace, a sound environ- ment, and common sense enough to avoid courting temptation, man can live chastely. The diametrically false concept of hu- man nature taught by Jean-Jacques Rous- seau and the Enlightenment and upon which the moderns predicate all their fan- tastically unreal beliefs about mans nature is far more responsible for the modern cult of unchastity than anything else. It is the old story of fools rushing in where angels fear to tread. the effects of original sin on human nature understood, let us analyze the nature of human love and observe therein certain intriguing distinctions and relation- ships. St. Thomas Aquinas (Summa The- ologica, I-II, p. 26, a. 2) defines love brief- ly as “complacency in the appetible object.” Appetible object means simply anything that appeals to us as good and desirable. “The first change wrought in the appetite,” continues St. Thomas, “by the appetible ob- II a YOUTH AND CHASTITY ject is called love, and is nothing else than complacency in that object. From this com- placency results a movement towards that same object and this movement is desire ” There are three forms of human love that have been traditionally recognized and ac- knowledged by all men; namely, physical love, sentimental love, and spiritual love, all three having in common the notion of attraction to the appetible object. Physical love corresponds to the physical appetitive faculties and it is here, together with the desire of eating and drinking, that the sex appetite finds its place. Sentimental love rules the domain of feelings and affections. Spiritual love rules in things spiritual. Dom Leclercq, in his Marriage and the Family, says: “Let us here restrict physical love to the meaning that it usually has: the movement of the sex-instinct that tends toward self- gratification. People who are in love realize at times that it is more sentimental than physical. This is the well-known distinction between the heart and the senses: the heart can be involved more than the senses, or the senses more than the heart. Cases are met with where the love is divided: on one side the heart is involved, on the other the senses. With regard to spiritual love, it seeks in the beloved being the good in it- self. Since goodness, in itself, is realized YOUTH AND CHASTITY o only by God, spiritual love finds its perfect expression only in the love of God. Distinct, Not Disunited i * HE three forms of love are thus clear- ly distinct. Yet if they are in them- selves distinct, in practice they are less so. For man is unified being, and the diverse elements of which he is composed, are fused so well in the unity of his being that, though it is possible for us to discern their diversity, it is less easy for us to determine their limits . . . There is continuity from one form of love to another: from physical to sentimental love; from the senses to the heart, and from the heart to the mind. Nor do we know man well enough to determine with exactness the share of the senses, heart, and mind in each form of love. “The distinction and interconnection be- tween the three forms of love throw light on a great many things that would other- wise remain obscure. “The sexual instinct is the direct source of what we call physical love. Yet the sex instinct is not isolated from the rest of hu- man life. A love may begin by being chief- ly physical and then blend with so many sentimental elements that sentiment at last predominates. Esteem for those whom one loves may even introduce spiritual elements into such love. A love may also begin by being purely sentimental without arousing 10 YOUTH AND CHASTITY any sexual interest, and carnal desire may afterwards well up. Again, a love may be- gin by being a pure love of friendship, oc- casioned by mutual intellectual attraction, only to blend later on with sentiment and to end up in the flesh. Without even being aware of it, man is constantly mounting and descending the ladder which leads from the physical to the spiritual and vice versa. Differences Between Sexes i distinction between the three forms of love accounts for certain dif- ferences between man and woman that are matters of daily observation. Man is more inclined toward physical love. Taking the word in its usual meaning, the sex instinct will be said to be more developed in him; on the other hand, woman’s affective needs are greater. Where the man wants physical pleasure, the woman wants tokens of affec- tion and the acts of endearment that ex- press it. Misunderstandings arise frequent- ly between husbands and wives for lack of adequate appreciation of this matter. . . “The complete human love, that which must find its nourishment in marriage, is one in which the three forms of love com- bine to take hold of the entire. It ought at one and the same time to be spiritual, sentimental and physical — engaging the heart, the mind, and the senses. . . “The Church, while according physical love its place with a calm boldness that is YOUTH AND CHASTITY 11 found in few civil codes, has undertaken the stupendous task of restoration and sanc- tification of marriage through its efforts to spiritualize even this love that brings the sexes together. It has never ceased to teach that the main thing in all love, its nobleness, its purity—even in the case of married love—is the union of souls that to- gether tend toward God.” Cannot Be Separated "THIS useful distinction as well as inter- connection of the three forms of love offers a convenient yard-stick to measure the insufficiency of certain popular con- cepts regarding love that are playing havoc with the peace of soul of youth and adults alike. First there are those who try to separate the three forms; and secondly those who err by not distinguishing them from each other. Of those who stupidly try to make a complete separation of the three loves, we have first of all the misguided souls who think they are true to their marriage vows if they carry on sentimental attachments with others but do not go as far as carnal intercourse. The flirt simply does not know human nature, and by trifling with the senses and passions as play-things, develops a narrowing egotism that robs her home of happiness and her marriage of the joy it normally should provide. 12 YOUTH AND CHASTITY Another deviation consists in making love wholly a matter of sentiment and attaching no material importance to physical fidelity. The celebrated romance Manon Lescaut by the Abbe Provost is the predecessor of thousands of sloppy novels and movies re- iterating and popularizing this error. When material infidelity loses importance and people forget that senses, heart, and mind are linked together, the divorce mills race. Must Not Be Confounded "THE opposite error, confounding the three forms of love, which we might call pansexualism, is liable to be the fault of overly-rigorous people. “A mild form of this error is found in those good souls who are so impressed by the ravages of passion that they are unable to see a man and woman, especially if they are young, engaged in close and familiar conversation without at once thinking the worst. Such an attitude may entail serious consequences of an undesirable nature, for it can give rise to a prudence so excessive that it be- comes impossible for young people to get well enough acquainted before marriage to realize what they are doing when they marry.” Sigmund Freud was not a moralist, but a physician who specialized in neuro-path- ology and developed a technique for the treatment of neurotic patients called psy- YOUTH AND CHASTITY 13 choanalysis. Non-professional popularizers have distorted Freud’s original successful error, so that he stands today as the sym- bol of pansexualism. Pansexualism, properly so called, con- sists in reducing all human activity to the sex instinct; it makes of it a kind of obses- sion that defiles the noblest aspirations and the most tender sentiments. Sex, of course, plays a very important role in the life of mankind, and furthermore, owing to the unity of the human being, all our tenden- cies are inter-linked. Pansexualism, explain- ing all there is to human nature solely in terms of sex, is in error, first of all, because it assumes that man is a simple being, whereas if there is one thing we are sure of about human nature it is precisely the fact that it is complex and that there is in it a great deal more than we know. Fur- thermore, pansexualism confuses the two entirely separate ideas of cause and con- dition. Because certain physical conditions predispose man to certain attitudes, as for instance, hunger to grouchiness, it does not follow that hunger inevitably compels a person to be grouchy. Chastity can be a condition for contemplation, for example, without being its cause. Ill NJOW to come back to our main theme: what are the prerequisites of chastity? 14 YOUTH AND CHASTITY We have examined carefully the distinction and interconnection of the three types of love in man, and have also indicated that chastity corresponds to human nature and should be entirely possible of achievement. The sad record of mans history, however, shows a general failure of achievement. It is the part of wisdom to examine these causes of failure and, by avoiding them, achieve the laws of our nature. The pre- requisites of chastity may be classified under four headings: social, physical, mor- al and spiritual. The social causes of unchastity include all those social conditions that force youth to live contrary to nature. It is estimated that at least in our northern countries youth reach sexual maturity at about the age of twenty and sometimes later. Yet for most of them, the problem of chastity arises much earlier. For many, indeed, it arises from childhood, when there can be no question of a natural difficulty of chastity. The majority of youth are affected by a sexual precocity which does not come from nature, but from the influence of the hu- man environment, if not from its corrup- tion. The difficulties which they experience in keeping chaste before the age of twenty do not arise from nature, but are contrary to nature. But there are few young people of twen- ty who are able to marry. Nor is nature YOUTH AND CHASTITY 15 responsible for this. If social conditions prevent the vast majority of men from marrying when they should marry, it is the development of society that is at fault. . . Family Circle Is Normal "THE family circle is the normal environ- ment in which youth should find re- laxation. In a goodly number of families, however, it is so dull that young people seize upon every opportunity to seek diver- sion outside the home. Again, society, not nature, is to be blamed for this. A fairly large number of young men are forced to remain for months, and sometimes for years, deprived of all family surround- ings. This is the lot of immigrants, seamen, and soldiers in wartime. Nature, however, has nothing to do with this. Sometimes we find young men, students or clerks, who are unable to observe chas- tity in ordinary life, remaining chaste with- out difficulty during the entire period of their military service. Why? Simply because they are leading a physically healthy life. The physically unhealthy life which they ordinarily live, shut up in an office or im- mersed in their studies the whole day long, is not to be laid at nature’s door. Others become corrupt in the army. Nature’s do- ings? Not at all; it is the fault of human environment. 16 YOUTH AND CHASTITY Youth are beset by ingenious incitements to lust, especially in the cities. Veritable industries, backed by great outlays of cap- ital and manned by a huge personnel, have no other object than to excite the sex in- stinct and thereby make profitable lewd types of entertainment, the sensational and the pornographic press, etc.—is nature to be held responsible for this? Close consideration of the matter, there- fore, leads to the conclusion that the diffi- culty of chastity often proceeds from causes extrinsic to mans nature. Physical Prerequisites "THE physical prerequisites of chastity are happily becoming more and come common among youth; such obvious things as a sensible, nourishing diet, omit- ting, rich, spicy, fattening, indigestible foods; regular, long hours of rest; light, clean clothing; frequent and vigorous out- door physical exercises; the avoidance of alcohol, nicotine, opiates; periodic and thorough medical examinations and the prompt care of minor infections, etc. All this amounts to living as close to the laws of nature as possible. The terrible war years brought back into vogue the physical austerities advocated traditionally by Christian ascetics, for a tough body is a common sense aid to chastity, as well as personal and national asset. YOUTH AND CHASTITY 17 "T"HE moral prerequisites of chastity in- clude such obvious things as disciplin- ing the will and the imagination, and learn- ing to disregard as silly the occasional phantasms offending against chastity. The avodance of filthy minded and foul speak- ing associates is simply the decent thing to do. The cultivation of a generous, urbane, sincere personality, a loyalty toward par- ents and other superiors, is a positive step that removes from one’s character the op- posite characteristics in which the seeds of unchastity can develop. There are two special virtues that a chaste youth must practice, perhaps unconsciously, if he would persevere. They are not popular, in fact, rarely spoken of today. They are modesty and prudence. Modesty K^jODESTY is a virtue whereby one feels 1 repugnance to what is coarse; hence, it is opposed to public display of one’s inti- mate life, especially in all that concerns sexual life. Modesty is a kind of moral discretion. It extends, moreover, to a great many other things besides sex. Refined per- sons are, for instance, modest about their good actions; they do not desire publicity. There is a lack of modesty in relating to everybody the events of one’s intimate life. Modesty is a form of delicacy. With regard to sexual life, modesty in- duces a person to conceal whatever is brutal 18 YOUTH AND CHASTITY therein and to be circumspect in speaking of it. Knowing the irritability of the sex passion, we can easily grasp the importance of modesty. "A sense of shame,” writes Professor Forester, “is the greatest protec- tive force we have in the sphere of sex.” Modesty removes all that is of a nature to over-excite the passions. Now the chief task of sexual education is not to draw the attention to sex matters, but to distract it from them. For this reason the pedagogy traditional in Christian circles is more con- cerned with protecting youth from un- wholesome stimulation and with developing in him ideals than it is with physiological information. Many public schools in the United States, practically all Y’s and similar pub- lic-supported, so-called non-sectarian agen- cies, have for several decades engaged in a senseless campaign to destroy the sense of modesty in youth in the misguided be- lief that by bringing these things out into brutal clear light they will toughen the minds of youth against temptation. The experience of the Church which has dealt with this matter for twenty long centuries among all peoples of all climes and condi- tions, as expressed in recent papal encycli- cals, should enlighten these fatuous social- workers who have ignorantly ruined the chastity of hundreds of thousands of Ameri- can youth in the years just passed. YOUTH AND CHASTITY 19 Modesty Could Be Hypocrisy “K40DESTY, however/’ says Dom 1 Leclercq, "does not necessarily imply chastity. Indeed, this fact has been partly responsible for the popular reaction against modesty. In some aristocratic and artistic circles of modern society there reigns a mentality that restricts morality to respect for certain outward proprieties. Dissolute- ness is condoned as long as it does not flaunt itself, and immorality is overlooked as long as a person remains decent in speech and external conduct. Modesty of this kind is really hypocrisy, although one may not see in it the homage which vice always renders virtue. "Excess in modesty has in modern times found expression in an excessive prudence in the education of youth. The point was reached where boys and girls were left in total ignorance of all that concerns sex life; they were even carefully kept in this state of ignorance at an age when it could prove hurtful to them. The result in prac- tice was that their knowledge of sex life was derived from chance experiences. This excess has produced a reaction, which in secular circles, takes the form of a brutal sex initiation, in connection with the free love movement and the rejection of mod- esty. Catholic circles, on the other hand, are returning to a more prudent conception 20 YOUTH AND CHASTITY of the moral training which calls for a progressive and individualized instruction on this delicate subject; the duty of impart- ing such instruction is entrusted to parents in preference to others, and only in their default to teachers.” Prudence K^ODESTY alone is not enough; pru- 1 dence, the second of the virtues men- tioned, is also essential and likewise held in much contempt by modems, adults as well as youth. Can you frequent risque theaters, and remain chaste? Can you hold in esteem conversation which skirts the edges of adultery and infidelity and re- main chaste? Can you wilfully recount filthy stories, enjoy lecherous allusions, double-meaning jokes and remain chaste? Can you read obscene books and impure romances and believe that your imagina- tion will not be violated by impure phan- tasms? Can you frequent night clubs, lis- ten to bawdy songs, witness sensuous danc- es and acrobatics and honestly believe that your innocence is not endangered? Can any youth engage in fondling and carresses, in long intimate endearing conversations in a darkened car and seriously claim that his honor and integrity remain unstained? But why go on with this litany of mod- ern imprudence which daily slays chastity? The chanceries of Bishops, the records of YOUTH AND CHASTITY 21 juvenile courts, the dockets of criminal courts, the files of hospitals and mental in- stitutions, yes, even the daily press, all con- tain the record of tears and misery, the lamentable result of this continued, stupid imprudence. Let prudence and modesty flourish once again, and the nasty pseudo- explanations will fall of their own vicious- ness. “Be not deceived, God is not mocked. For what things a man shall sow, those also shall he reap.” (Galatians VI, 7) Supernatural Aids IT would be a serious oversight to close this discussion of the prerequisites of chastity without mentioning the strictly re- ligious and supernatural aids, prayer and the sacraments. “Indeed,” says Dom Leclercq, “the effic- aciousness of piety in the matter of enastity is recognized by all Catholic educators. So true is this that it has become a common- place to say that daily Communion is the means par excellence for curing a youth of impurity. It is possible to explain this part- ly in a natural way, since the supernatural life develops the highest aspirations of the soul and thereby diverts one from sensual- ity. Those non-Catholics who are honest enough to admit the fact are given to ex- plaining it in this fashion. Yet such an explanation does not account for every- thing. In particular, it fails to explain the 21 YOUTH AND CHASTITY extraordinary effect of Holy Communion which ought, from the purely psychological viewpoint, to be less potent than the effect of reading or meditating. A lofty superna- tural life enables a great many souls to pre- serve perfect chastity, even though they are beset with temptations and their life is frequently lacking in the hygienic condi- tions enumerated above.” In terminating this examination of a most important phase of the modern youth problem we may well recall the words of St. Paul (1 Corinthians VI, 19): "Know you not that your members are the Temple of the Holy Ghost, Who is in you, Whom you have from God; and you are not your own?” Reason alone disproves the dis- eased and degenerate dogmas of modern pseudo-scientists concerning the impossibil- ity or undesirability of chastity. Faith re- minds us that God, not ourselves, sets the premium, and that an infinite one, on chas- tity. "For he who sows in his flesh, of the flesh also shall reap corruption. But he who sows in the spirit, of the spirit shall reap life everlasting.” (Galatians VI, 8) OUR VEST POCKET SIZE PAMPHLETS Prices subject to change without notice Single Copy 10c, Any 3 for 25c $5.25 per 100, all prices are postpaid 1 So You Think You're Tough? 2 Why Not Investigate the Catholic Religion? 3 Does It Matter Much What Man Believes? 4 Is One Religion As Good As Another? 5 How To Get Married. 6 Why You Should Be A Catholic. 7 Youth and Chastity. 8 The Bible An Authority Only In Catholic Hands. 9 The Catholic Answer. 10 Looking For A Happy Ending? 1 1 Don't Kid Yourself About Drink. 12 Which Is Christ's True Church? 13 Communion Prayers For Every Day. 14 The Catholic Nurse Makes The Holy Hour. 15 What Think You Of Christ? 16 Our Daily Bread. 17 Is Papal Infallibility Reasonable? 18 Can Our Priests Forgive Sins? 19 Does Confession Make Sinning Easy? 20 Catholic Boy Examines His Conscience. 21 Indulgences: What Arc They? 22 Father Ouiz Answers Lutheran Slurs. 23 A True Picture Of The Catholic Church. 24 Catholic Women In The Home. 25 The Real Presence: Fact Or Fiction? 26 Love For Keeps. 27 What It Means To Be A Catholic Mother. 28 Are You Sincere? 29 The Catholic Student Makes The Holy Hour. 30 The Holy Eucharist And Reason. 31 Can Indulgences Be Bought? 32 Religion's A B C's For The Educated. 33 Is The Church Woman's Enemy? 34 "This Is My Body." 35 Ooen Letter To A Fallen-Away Catholic. 36 Catholic Action: What Is It? 37 A Livina Wage Today. 38 Mary Will Help You. 39 The Holy Hour (4 forms). 40 Falling In Love. 41 You Ought To Go To Mass. 42 As The Morning Rising. 43 Prayers For The Family. 44 Until Death Do Us Part. 45 Catholic Marriage: How Achieve It? 46 Marriage: Catholic Or Mixed? 47 Why Attend Sunday Mass? 48 Winning Your Friend For Christ. 49 Aids To Puritv. 50 The Queen Of Seven Swords. 51 The Way Of The Cross (Bishop Sheen). 52 The Seven Last Words. 53 Blanshard And His Sponsors. 54 The Christian Home: A Nation's Bulwark. 55 Training In Chastity. 56 The United Nations. 57 Stations Of The Cross—Father Conroy. 58 Too Good To Miss. 59 The Framework Of Catholic Belief. 60 Juvenile Delinquency. 61 What About "Mercy Slaying?" 62 Short Prayers For Busy People. 63 So You're In Love. 64 Through Purgatory. 65 Facts vs Fiction About Spain. 66 The Truth About The Trek From Rome. 67 The Church: The Interpreter Of The Bible. 68 Mary 69 The Holy Name: Why Reverence It? 70 Come Back Home! 71 living Or LIVING. 72 Ours Is ... A Man's World. 73 Novena to St. Mary Goretti. 74 Drinking Is Dangerous. 75 Catholic Teaching On Church And State. 76 Why The Fear Of An Envoy To The Vatican? For Organized Protesters. 77 The Sacred Heart: Why Honor It? 78 Fools For God. 79 God's Law. 80 A Grown Up Altar Boy. 81 Explanations For A Stranger Attending Catholic Services. 82 Spiritual Guide For The Holy Rosary. 83 Story Of The Bible. 84 The Apostleship Of Prayer. 85 Why Do We Pray For The Dead? 86 Learn Of Me. 87 Who Is Jesus? 88 Frederick Ozanam And Catholic Action. 89 My Name Written In His Heart. 90 Truth About Persecution In Spain. 91 The NODL Code And Its Interpretation. 92 Catholic Liturgy And Catholic Life. 93 When Skid Row Stops Skidding. 94 How Love Helps You. 95 Would You Like To Say Mass, Too? 96 God And Our Government. 97 Now, Hear Our Side! 98 Everybody Has A Vocation. 99 The Converted Jew. 100 Converts: How To Win Them. OUR SUNDAY VISITOR Huntington, Indiana '