American church history : outline of lectures given during the academic year 1914-1915 CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA WASHINGTON, D. C. AMERICAN CHURCH HISTORY SEMINAR PUBLICATIONS, No. 2, 1915 Outlines of American Church History f CLEVELAND N jr V pa2g6 CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA WASHINGTON, D. C. AMERICAN CHURCH HISTORY SEMINAR PUBLICATIONS, No. 2, 1915 AMERICAN CHURCH HISTORY OUTLINE OF LECTURES GIVEN DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1914-1915 (REV. DR. GUILDAY) CLEVELAND, OHIO NOTICE These Outlines are for the use of the students only, being confidential in character. References to sources and to reading matter are omitted. A complete card-index catalogue of references to American Church history is in course of preparation, and is at the disposal of the students in the Seminar Room. A Bihliographia Americana Catholica was begun in the April issue (1915) of the CATHOLIC HISTORICAL REVIEW. Descfdjffsd GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE LECTURES GIVEN IN I914-I915 INTRODUCTORY NOTE: OBJECT, DEFINITIONS, AND DIVISIONS OF THE COURSE. SECTION I: THE PRE-COLUMBIAN PERIOD (TO 1492). SECTION II: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN AMERICA DURING THE PERIOD OF COLONIZATION (1492-1690). Introd.: Missionary activity of the Church before this period. Part I: Spanish Missionary Activity in the New World. Chapter I: In the West Indies. Chapter II: In “Florida.” Chapter III: In New Mexico. Chapter IV: In “California.” Part II: French Missionary Activity in the New World. Chapter I: The Huguenots and Catholics in Florida. Chapter II: The French in “Canada.” Chapter III: The French in the Valley of the Mississippi. Chapter IV: The French in “Louisiana.” Chapter V: The French Jesuit Missionaries and Missions. Part III: The Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Catholic Church in the English Colonies (to 1690). Early Projects of English Catholic Settlement in America. The Catholic Church in Maryland (1634-1690). The Catholic Church in New Netherlands—New York (1609-1691). The Catholic Church in New Jersey (1614-1703). The Catholic Church in the New England States to 1690. The Catholic Church in Delaware and Pennsylvania to 1690. The Catholic Church in Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia. General Conclusions on the Period (1492-1690). 3 SPECIAL OUTLINE INTRODUCTORY NOTE: I. Object: The part the Catholic Church has had in the settlement and the civilization of the New World, and her influence on the present progress of the United States. II. Definitions: 1. Universal Church History. 2. Particular Church History. (a) Chronological limits of American Church history. (b) Geographical limits of American Church history. (c) Logical limits of American Church history. 3. American Political History—its interrelation with Catholic history. 4. American Church History in general, and the relations between the Church and non-Catholic denominations. III. Divisions of the entire Course: Section I: — Pre-Columbian America (to 1492). Section II: — ^The Period of Colonization (1492-1690). Section HI: — The Colonial Penal Law Period (1690 to 1789). Section IV: — ^The Catholic Church in the United States (1789- 1915)- SECTION I: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN AMERICA IN THE PRE-COLUMBIAN EPOCH (TO 1492). § I: —^The Geographical situation of the western countries. § II: —^The Ethnography of America. § HI:—^The Social conditions of the Indians in their relation to Christian institutions. § IV: — ^The Religions of the Indians. § V:—^The Political organization of the Indian Tribes. § VI:—Indian Linguistics. § VII: —^The name America. § VIII: —^The part taken by the Church in the Discovery of America. § IX:—Voyages and Discoveries before Columbus. § X:—Gardar and the Norse Church. § XI:—^The Voyages of Columbus. § XII:—^The Religious Consequences of the Discovery of America — the beginning of Western Missionary activity. § XIII:—Special Bibliography on all these subjects. 4 SECTION II:—THE CHURCH DURING THE PERIOD OF COLONIZATION (1492-1690). Introductory Note: Missionary activity before 1492 and its relation to the rise of the missions in America. Part I: SPANISH MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN THE NEW WORLD (1492-1690). Chapter I: — In the West Indies. § I. Ecclesiastics with Columbus. § II. Bernard Boyl O. S. B. Vicar Apostolic of the New World. § III. The beginning of the Spanish hierarchy in America. § IV. The political-religious organization of the “West Indies.” 1. New Spain and its Viceroys. 2. Peru and its Viceroys. § V. The methods of conversion used by the Spaniards — doctrinas. § VI. The rise of Catholic educational institutions in America. Chapter II:—In “Florida.” § I. The discoverers of “Florida.” § II. The ecclesiastics who accompanied them. § III. Unsuccessful attempts to colonize and convert the natives. § IV. Permanent Spanish settlements. Chapter III: — New Mexico. § I. Cortes, Guzman, Cabega de Vaca, Coronado, Fray Marcos, Fray Padilla, etc. § II. The martyred priest-discoverers. § III. The Franciscans in New Mexico, their success and failure. Chapter IV: — California and Oregon. § I. California. 1. The name. 2. The discovery of Upper and Lower California, and the Franciscans. 3. The beginning of the Jesuit Missions in California. § II. Oregon. 5 Part II: FRENCH MISSIONARY ACTIVITY IN THE NEW WORLD (1492-1690). Introductory Note:—Regions occupied by the French: (i) Eastern Canada; (2) Louisiana and the Mississippi Valley; (3) Florida, Lesser Antilles and French. Chapter I: — ^The Catholics and Huguenots in Florida. Chapter II: — ^The French in Canada. Chapter III: — ^The French in the Valley of the Mississippi. 1. De la Salle. His Life and Works. 2. The Jesuit Missions on the Great Lakes. 3. The Jesuit Missions in the Northwest. Chapter IV: — French Occupation of Louisiana. 1. De la Salle. 2. Marquette, Joliet, Hennepin. Chapter V: — ^The Activity of the Jesuits in the French Colonies. 1. The Jesuit Residences in Canada and the northern American Colonies. 2. The Huron Missions. 3. Father Isaac Jogues. 4. The Iroquois Missions. 5. The failure of the Missions. Part HI: THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES (1492-1690). Chapter I: — Early Projects of English Catholic Settlement in America (before 1634). § I. The Catholic Church in Great Britain and Ireland (1558-1603). § II. The English Catholic Refugees on the Continent and the question of American Settlement. § HI. The projects for settlement. 1. Peckham and Gilbert’s project (1574-1583). 2. Father Robert Persons, S. J., opposes the project. 3. The Arundell-Southampton project (1605). 4. Opposition to the scheme. 5. Calvert’s Avalon attempt (1624-29). 6. Propaganda, the English Carmelites, and the Avalon project. Chapter II: — The Catholic Church in Maryland (1634-1690). § I. English (non-Catholic) Colonies in America before 1634. § II. George Calvert, first Lord Baltimore and genealogy of the Calvert family. 6 § III. From the founding of the Colony (1634) to Ingle’s Rebellion (1644-6). 1. The Maryland Charter and the Magna Charta. 2. Ecclesia Anglicana. 3. The Founding of the Colony (1632-34). 4. Father Andrew White, S. J., and the Jesuits in Maryland. 5. The Sources for Maryland history. 6. Claiborne’s Rebellion (1634-1642). 7. Lord Baltimore and the Jesuits; the Conditions of Planta- tion. 8. Toleration in Maryland (1634-1649). 9. The Priority Claim between Rhode Island and Maryland. § IV. From Ingle’s Rebellion to the End of Puritan Domination (1644-1658). 1. The last years of Leonard Calvert’s rule (d. June 9, 1647). 2. The Governorship of William Stone (1649-1654). 3. The Toleration Act of 1649. 4. The Commission for the submission of the Colonies to Parliament. 5. Puritan Rule (1654-58). (a) The Act of Intolerance. (b) Baltimore’s efforts to regain control of his colony. § V. The Province under Catholic Rule (1658-1690). 1. Governor Josiah Kendall (1658-1660). 2. Governor Philip Calvert (1660-1662). 3. Governor Charles Calvert (1662-1685). 4. The Church in Maryland under Bishop John Leyborne, V. A., of All England (1685-1690). 5. The Orange Rebellion and its effect on the Colonies. Chapter III: — The Catholic Church in New Netherlands (1609- 1664) — New York (1664-1691). § I. Sources and materials. § II. Catholic Church during the Dutch Period (1609-1664). 1. Henry Hudson. 2. The Dutch West India Company. 3. The Dutch Reformed Church. 4. Toleration of other religions in New Netherlands (The Law of 1640)., 5. First signs of Catholic missionary activity. 6. Megapolensis and the Jesuits, Fathers Jogues and Bressani. 7. Father Isaac Jogues, the martyr. 8. The Missions in Northern and Eastern New York. 7 § III. Catholic Church during English Period (1664-1691). 1. The grant to James, Duke of York. Capture of the Colony. 2. Religious toleration in the Articles of Capitulation. 3. Governor Robert Nicholls (1664-1668). 4. Governor Francis Lovelace (1668-1673). 5. Governor Anthony Colve (1673-1674). 6. Governor Edmund Andros (1674-1683). 7. The Catholic Governor, Thomas Dongan (1683-1688). 8. The Charter of Liberties (religious tolerance). 9. Sir Edmund Andros (1688-1689). 10. Leisler’s insurrection (1689-1691). 11. Abolition of religious tolerance—Exclusion of Catholics from all civic privileges. Chapter IV: — The Catholic Church in New Jersey (1614-1703). § I. Dutch and Swedish settlements (1614-1632). § II. The Plowden grant—Catholic Colony (1632-64): Sources and materials for the study of this grant. § III. The Berkeley-Carteret Grant (1664-82). § IV. The two Jerseys under the Quakers (1682-1703). § V. Catholics in New Jersey during this period—exclusion of same from religious toleration. Chapter V: — The Catholic Church in the New England States, TO 1690. § I. MAINE. 1. Catholic discoverers and colonizers before 1616. 2. Maine under the Gorges (1616-1674). 3. The Capuchins in Acadia and Maine. 4. Franciscans and Jesuits in Maine (1611-1690). 5. The Destruction of the Catholic missions by the Protestants of Maine. § II. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Catholic footprints in New Hampshire. § III. VERMONT. 1. The French Catholic settlements. 2. The Jesuit missions. 8 § IV. MASSACHUSETTS. 1. Catholics during Pilgrim times (1620-1692). 2. Intolerance during this period. 3. Irish immigration to Massachusetts (1621-1653 ; 1653-1718). 4. The Statute of 1647 forbidding Catholic worship. 5. The persecution of the Quakers (1646-1660). § V. RHODE ISLAND. 1. —Roger Williams and the proofs for his intolerant religious spirit. 2. Rhode Island’s alleged priority in religious toleration. 3. The outlawing of the Quakers (1665). 4. The disenfranchisement of the Catholics (1636). § VI. CONNECTICUT: Traces of Irish Catholic immigration into the Colony. Chapter VI: — The Catholic Church in Delaware and Pennsyl- vania TO 1690. § I. DELAWARE. • 1. Religious intolerance under the Swedes. 2. Queen Christina’s conversion. 3. Commercial relations between Maryland and Delaware. § II. PENNSYLVANIA. 1. Catholic footprints in Pennsylvania before William Penn. 2. The Penn Grant (1681). 3. William Penn and religious tolerance. 4. Pennsylvania (1681-1702), the only place Mass was toler- ated. 5. Catholic Colonists in Pennsylvania. 6. The “Old Priest” of Philadelphia. 7. Penn’s Catholic secretary. 8. Sources and materials for Pennsylvanian Catholic history. 9 Chapter VII: — The Catholic Church in Virginia, the Carolinas AND Georgia. § I. VIRGINIA. 1. Virginia during the Spanish period (1526-71). 2. Virginia under the English (1607-1691). (a) Lord Baltimore’s reception at Jamestown (1629). (b) Religious intolerance of Virginia laws. (c) The arrest of two priests (1687) for saying Mass. (d) Relations between Maryland and Virginia. (e) Brent’s attempt to form a Catholic Colony in Virgina (1689). § II. WEST VIRGINIA: Catholic footprints in the Colony before 1727. § III. THE CAROLINAS. 1. Early traces of the Catholic Church in the Carolinas. 2. The Carolina Charter (1663) and religious intolerance. 3. Scotch-Irish immigration into the Carolinas. § IV. GEORGIA: Catholic footprints in Colony before 1732. CONCLUSIONS on this Period (1492-1690). § I. Meagreness of historical facts for the history of the Church in this period. § II. General view of the present state of our sources for this study. § III. The apparent failure of Catholic efforts. 1. In the Spanish Colonies. 2. In the English Colonies. (a) Religious intolerance outside of Maryland. (b) General view of Colonial Anticatholic legislation. (c) The crypto-Catholicism of the English Colonies. § IV. The apparent neglect of the new missionary field by the Church in general. Causes for this neglect. § V. The number of Churches, Priests and Catholics during this period (1492-1690). § VI. The American Martyrology of this period. 10 NOTICE The Lectures during the Academic Year 1915-1916 will cover the following Gen- eral Outline: Part IV: A CENTURY OF CATHOLIC COLONIAL HISTORY (1690-1790). Introduction: The present knowledge of the sources and materials for this study. The geographical, racial, political and religious situation of America at the opening of the eighteenth century. Chapter I : § I. The Catholic Church in the British Colonies (1690-1790). The Church in Maryland to the establishment of the Diocese of Baltimore (1690-1789). § II. The Church in Pennsylvania to the establishment of the Diocese of Philadelphia (1690-1808). § III. The Church in New York to the establishment of New York (1691-1808). § IV. The Church in New England to the establishment of the Diocese of Boston (1689-1808). § V. The Church in the South to the establishment of the Dioceses of Charlestown and Richmond (1820-1). § VI. The Church in the Middle West to the establishment of the Diocese of Bardstown (1690-1808). Chapter II :-—The Catholic Church in the Present Territory of the United States Once Governed by the Spanish Bishops (to 1790). Chapter III: — ^The Catholic Church in the Present Territory of the Chapter IV:- United States Once Governed by the French Bishops (to 1790). —Catholics in the American Revolution (1763-1789). Chapter V :—Catholic Immigration into the United States during THIS Period. The Problem of Loss and Gain. Early Conversions. CONCLUSIONS on this Colonial Period (1690-1790). II I