The environment and economy can suffer various adverse effects from the rising concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which is primarily due to the extensive combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas for energy. To separate CO2, membrane technology is extensively employed because of its low operating expenses and high energy efficiency. Despite the potential benefits of CO2 separation and removal in reducing emissions, there are still risks associated with transporting and storing the collected CO2, including the possibility of leakage and energy consumption. To address these challenges, this dissertation proposes an integrated CO2 capture and conversion membrane system that utilizes amine-based facilitated transport membrane. This system not only separates CO2 from the gas mixture but also converts the captured CO2 into valuable chemicals under mild condition in situ. By integrating CO2 capture and conversion into a single system, the energy consumption and costs associated with CO2 transport and storage can be reduced. To integrate CO2 capture and conversion using a membrane-based system, our first step was to investigate the transport intermediates and kinetics of CO2 in a typical facilitated transport membrane (PVAm membrane) using an operando surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform and mathematical model. We then examined the formation of CO2 transport intermediates in facilitated transport membranes with various chemical structures. Finally, we designed and constructed a membrane-based integration system capable of capturing and converting CO2 to cyclic carbonate under mild conditions. Our polymeric membrane system was able to capture and convert CO2 in a simulated flue gas even at a low CO2 concentration of 1%, and at mild condition of 57 ℃ and 1 atm. This work provides a foundation for further studies and represents an important step towards achieving direct air capture and conversion with a polymeric membrane system, and it would also become an important step toward a more sustainable and efficient CO2 management strategy.