id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
9s161546c64	1	1	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	1	2	notion	notion	NOUN
9s161546c64	1	3	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	1	4	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	1	5	anomaly	anomaly	PROPN
9s161546c64	1	6	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	1	7	has	have	AUX
9s161546c64	1	8	persisted	persist	VERB
9s161546c64	1	9	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	1	10	over	over	ADP
9s161546c64	1	11	2,000	2,000	NUM
9s161546c64	1	12	years	year	NOUN
9s161546c64	1	13	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	1	14	but	but	CCONJ
9s161546c64	1	15	its	its	PRON
9s161546c64	1	16	precise	precise	ADJ
9s161546c64	1	17	meaning	meaning	NOUN
9s161546c64	1	18	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	1	19	significance	significance	NOUN
9s161546c64	1	20	remains	remain	VERB
9s161546c64	1	21	unclear	unclear	ADJ
9s161546c64	1	22	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	2	1	this	this	DET
9s161546c64	2	2	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	3	analyzes	analyze	VERB
9s161546c64	2	4	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	2	5	importance	importance	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	6	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	2	7	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	2	8	anomaly	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	9	both	both	PRON
9s161546c64	2	10	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	2	11	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	2	12	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	13	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	2	14	science	science	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	15	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	2	16	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	2	17	ethical	ethical	ADJ
9s161546c64	2	18	decision	decision	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	19	-	-	PUNCT
9s161546c64	2	20	making	making	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	21	that	that	PRON
9s161546c64	2	22	draws	draw	VERB
9s161546c64	2	23	on	on	ADP
9s161546c64	2	24	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	2	25	information	information	NOUN
9s161546c64	2	26	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	3	1	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	3	2	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	3	3	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
9s161546c64	3	4	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	3	5	science	science	NOUN
9s161546c64	3	6	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	3	7	it	it	PRON
9s161546c64	3	8	develops	develop	VERB
9s161546c64	3	9	a	a	DET
9s161546c64	3	10	novel	novel	ADJ
9s161546c64	3	11	account	account	NOUN
9s161546c64	3	12	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	3	13	anomaly	anomaly	PROPN
9s161546c64	3	14	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	4	1	it	it	PRON
9s161546c64	4	2	first	first	ADV
9s161546c64	4	3	provides	provide	VERB
9s161546c64	4	4	a	a	DET
9s161546c64	4	5	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
9s161546c64	4	6	framework	framework	NOUN
9s161546c64	4	7	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	4	8	describing	describe	VERB
9s161546c64	4	9	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	4	10	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	4	11	critically	critically	ADV
9s161546c64	4	12	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
9s161546c64	4	13	previous	previous	ADJ
9s161546c64	4	14	descriptions	description	NOUN
9s161546c64	4	15	by	by	ADP
9s161546c64	4	16	karl	karl	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	17	popper	popper	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	18	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	4	19	thomas	thomas	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	20	kuhn	kuhn	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	21	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	4	22	imre	imre	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	23	lakatos	lakatos	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	24	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	4	25	larry	larry	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	26	laudan	laudan	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	27	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	4	28	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	4	29	lindley	lindley	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	30	darden	darden	PROPN
9s161546c64	4	31	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	1	using	use	VERB
9s161546c64	5	2	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	5	3	anomalous	anomalous	ADJ
9s161546c64	5	4	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
9s161546c64	5	5	biological	biological	ADJ
9s161546c64	5	6	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	7	known	know	VERB
9s161546c64	5	8	as	as	ADP
9s161546c64	5	9	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	10	chemical	chemical	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	11	hormesis	hormesis	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	12	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	13	(	(	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	14	i.e.	i.e.	X
9s161546c64	5	15	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	16	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
9s161546c64	5	17	effects	effect	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	18	from	from	ADP
9s161546c64	5	19	low	low	ADJ
9s161546c64	5	20	doses	dose	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	21	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	5	22	toxins	toxin	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	23	)	)	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	24	as	as	ADP
9s161546c64	5	25	a	a	DET
9s161546c64	5	26	case	case	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	27	study	study	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	28	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	5	29	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	5	30	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	31	argues	argue	VERB
9s161546c64	5	32	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	5	33	a	a	DET
9s161546c64	5	34	novel	novel	ADJ
9s161546c64	5	35	account	account	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	36	that	that	PRON
9s161546c64	5	37	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
9s161546c64	5	38	three	three	NUM
9s161546c64	5	39	features	feature	NOUN
9s161546c64	5	40	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	5	41	anomaly	anomaly	PROPN
9s161546c64	5	42	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	1	namely	namely	ADV
9s161546c64	6	2	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	3	researchers	researcher	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	4	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	5	characterize	characterize	VERB
9s161546c64	6	6	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	7	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	8	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	6	9	multiple	multiple	ADJ
9s161546c64	6	10	ways	way	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	11	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	12	scientists	scientist	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	13	use	use	VERB
9s161546c64	6	14	multiple	multiple	ADJ
9s161546c64	6	15	strategies	strategy	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	16	to	to	PART
9s161546c64	6	17	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	18	confirm	confirm	VERB
9s161546c64	6	19	'	'	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	20	them	they	PRON
9s161546c64	6	21	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	22	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	6	23	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	24	interact	interact	VERB
9s161546c64	6	25	with	with	ADP
9s161546c64	6	26	novel	novel	ADJ
9s161546c64	6	27	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	28	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	6	29	an	an	DET
9s161546c64	6	30	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
9s161546c64	6	31	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	6	32	dialectical	dialectical	ADJ
9s161546c64	6	33	fashion	fashion	NOUN
9s161546c64	6	34	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	7	1	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	7	2	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	3	argues	argue	VERB
9s161546c64	7	4	that	that	SCONJ
9s161546c64	7	5	this	this	DET
9s161546c64	7	6	account	account	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	7	is	be	AUX
9s161546c64	7	8	significant	significant	ADJ
9s161546c64	7	9	because	because	SCONJ
9s161546c64	7	10	it	it	PRON
9s161546c64	7	11	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
9s161546c64	7	12	increased	increase	VERB
9s161546c64	7	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	14	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	7	15	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	7	16	discovery	discovery	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	17	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	7	18	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	7	19	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	7	20	role	role	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	21	that	that	PRON
9s161546c64	7	22	value	value	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	23	judgments	judgment	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	24	play	play	VERB
9s161546c64	7	25	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	7	26	science	science	NOUN
9s161546c64	7	27	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	8	1	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	8	2	ethical	ethical	ADJ
9s161546c64	8	3	component	component	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	4	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	8	5	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	8	6	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	7	analyzes	analyze	VERB
9s161546c64	8	8	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	8	9	ethical	ethical	ADJ
9s161546c64	8	10	ramifications	ramification	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	11	both	both	PRON
9s161546c64	8	12	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	8	13	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	8	14	hormesis	hormesis	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	15	case	case	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	16	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	8	17	particular	particular	ADJ
9s161546c64	8	18	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	8	19	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	8	20	policy	policy	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	21	-	-	PUNCT
9s161546c64	8	22	relevant	relevant	ADJ
9s161546c64	8	23	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	8	24	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	8	25	general	general	ADJ
9s161546c64	8	26	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	9	1	concerning	concern	VERB
9s161546c64	9	2	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	9	3	hormesis	hormesis	NOUN
9s161546c64	9	4	case	case	NOUN
9s161546c64	9	5	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	9	6	it	it	PRON
9s161546c64	9	7	argues	argue	VERB
9s161546c64	9	8	that	that	SCONJ
9s161546c64	9	9	current	current	ADJ
9s161546c64	9	10	evidence	evidence	NOUN
9s161546c64	9	11	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	9	12	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	9	13	anomaly	anomaly	PROPN
9s161546c64	9	14	does	do	AUX
9s161546c64	9	15	not	not	PART
9s161546c64	9	16	provide	provide	VERB
9s161546c64	9	17	adequate	adequate	ADJ
9s161546c64	9	18	reason	reason	NOUN
9s161546c64	9	19	to	to	PART
9s161546c64	9	20	alter	alter	VERB
9s161546c64	9	21	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
9s161546c64	9	22	policy	policy	NOUN
9s161546c64	9	23	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	10	1	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	10	2	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	10	3	process	process	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	4	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	10	5	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	10	6	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	7	contributes	contribute	VERB
9s161546c64	10	8	to	to	ADP
9s161546c64	10	9	metaethics	metaethic	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	10	by	by	ADP
9s161546c64	10	11	developing	develop	VERB
9s161546c64	10	12	a	a	DET
9s161546c64	10	13	novel	novel	ADJ
9s161546c64	10	14	formulation	formulation	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	15	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	10	16	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	10	17	naturalistic	naturalistic	ADJ
9s161546c64	10	18	fallacy	fallacy	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	19	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	10	20	by	by	ADP
9s161546c64	10	21	clarifying	clarify	VERB
9s161546c64	10	22	its	its	PRON
9s161546c64	10	23	relation	relation	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	24	to	to	ADP
9s161546c64	10	25	the	the	PRON
9s161546c64	10	26	is	be	AUX
9s161546c64	10	27	/	/	SYM
9s161546c64	10	28	ought	ought	AUX
9s161546c64	10	29	distinction	distinction	NOUN
9s161546c64	10	30	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	11	1	regarding	regard	VERB
9s161546c64	11	2	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	3	anomaly	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	4	in	in	ADP
9s161546c64	11	5	general	general	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	6	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	11	7	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	11	8	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	9	argues	argue	VERB
9s161546c64	11	10	that	that	SCONJ
9s161546c64	11	11	researchers	researcher	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	12	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	11	13	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	14	have	have	VERB
9s161546c64	11	15	an	an	DET
9s161546c64	11	16	ethical	ethical	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	17	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	18	to	to	PART
9s161546c64	11	19	take	take	VERB
9s161546c64	11	20	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	21	steps	step	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	22	to	to	PART
9s161546c64	11	23	identify	identify	VERB
9s161546c64	11	24	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	11	25	reveal	reveal	VERB
9s161546c64	11	26	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	11	27	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	11	28	provide	provide	VERB
9s161546c64	11	29	representative	representative	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	30	information	information	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	31	about	about	ADP
9s161546c64	11	32	all	all	DET
9s161546c64	11	33	major	major	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	34	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	11	35	plausible	plausible	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	36	characterizations	characterization	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	37	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	11	38	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	11	39	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	40	to	to	ADP
9s161546c64	11	41	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	11	42	public	public	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	43	or	or	CCONJ
9s161546c64	11	44	its	its	PRON
9s161546c64	11	45	representatives	representative	NOUN
9s161546c64	11	46	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	1	this	this	DET
9s161546c64	12	2	study	study	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	3	suggests	suggest	VERB
9s161546c64	12	4	three	three	NUM
9s161546c64	12	5	rules	rule	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	6	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	12	7	thumb	thumb	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	8	(	(	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	9	namely	namely	ADV
9s161546c64	12	10	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	12	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	12	13	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	14	via	via	ADP
9s161546c64	12	15	analytic	analytic	ADJ
9s161546c64	12	16	-	-	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	17	deliberative	deliberative	ADJ
9s161546c64	12	18	processes	process	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	19	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	20	elimination	elimination	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	21	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	12	22	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	23	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	12	24	conflicts	conflict	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	25	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	12	26	interest	interest	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	27	,	,	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	28	and	and	CCONJ
9s161546c64	12	29	research	research	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	30	-	-	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	31	ethics	ethic	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	32	education	education	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	33	on	on	ADP
9s161546c64	12	34	scientists	scientist	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	35	'	'	PART
9s161546c64	12	36	social	social	ADJ
9s161546c64	12	37	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	38	)	)	PUNCT
9s161546c64	12	39	to	to	PART
9s161546c64	12	40	help	help	VERB
9s161546c64	12	41	researchers	researcher	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	42	meet	meet	VERB
9s161546c64	12	43	their	their	PRON
9s161546c64	12	44	ethical	ethical	ADJ
9s161546c64	12	45	responsibilities	responsibility	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	46	with	with	ADP
9s161546c64	12	47	respect	respect	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	48	to	to	ADP
9s161546c64	12	49	anomalies	anomaly	NOUN
9s161546c64	12	50	.	.	PUNCT
9s161546c64	13	1	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	13	2	dissertation	dissertation	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	3	as	as	ADP
9s161546c64	13	4	a	a	DET
9s161546c64	13	5	whole	whole	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	6	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
9s161546c64	13	7	how	how	SCONJ
9s161546c64	13	8	the	the	DET
9s161546c64	13	9	philosophy	philosophy	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	10	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	13	11	science	science	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	12	can	can	AUX
9s161546c64	13	13	contribute	contribute	VERB
9s161546c64	13	14	not	not	PART
9s161546c64	13	15	only	only	ADV
9s161546c64	13	16	to	to	ADP
9s161546c64	13	17	greater	great	ADJ
9s161546c64	13	18	understanding	understanding	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	19	of	of	ADP
9s161546c64	13	20	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	13	21	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	22	but	but	CCONJ
9s161546c64	13	23	also	also	ADV
9s161546c64	13	24	to	to	ADP
9s161546c64	13	25	ethical	ethical	ADJ
9s161546c64	13	26	insights	insight	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	27	for	for	ADP
9s161546c64	13	28	using	use	VERB
9s161546c64	13	29	scientific	scientific	ADJ
9s161546c64	13	30	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
9s161546c64	13	31	.	.	PUNCT