id sid tid token lemma pos ng451g07t1h 1 1 diesel diesel NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 2 engines engine NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 3 provide provide VERB ng451g07t1h 1 4 superior superior ADJ ng451g07t1h 1 5 fuel fuel NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 6 economy economy NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 7 to to ADP ng451g07t1h 1 8 gasoline gasoline NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 9 engines engine NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 10 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 1 11 but but CCONJ ng451g07t1h 1 12 their their PRON ng451g07t1h 1 13 emissions emission NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 14 contain contain VERB ng451g07t1h 1 15 harmful harmful ADJ ng451g07t1h 1 16 compounds compound NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 17 that that PRON ng451g07t1h 1 18 endanger endanger VERB ng451g07t1h 1 19 human human ADJ ng451g07t1h 1 20 health health NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 21 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 1 22 the the DET ng451g07t1h 1 23 environment environment NOUN ng451g07t1h 1 24 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 2 1 because because SCONJ ng451g07t1h 2 2 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 2 3 this this PRON ng451g07t1h 2 4 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 2 5 government government NOUN ng451g07t1h 2 6 regulations regulation NOUN ng451g07t1h 2 7 have have AUX ng451g07t1h 2 8 demanded demand VERB ng451g07t1h 2 9 increasingly increasingly ADV ng451g07t1h 2 10 cleaner clean ADJ ng451g07t1h 2 11 exhaust exhaust NOUN ng451g07t1h 2 12 from from ADP ng451g07t1h 2 13 diesel diesel NOUN ng451g07t1h 2 14 engines engine NOUN ng451g07t1h 2 15 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 3 1 diesel diesel NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 2 engines engine NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 3 are be AUX ng451g07t1h 3 4 now now ADV ng451g07t1h 3 5 being be AUX ng451g07t1h 3 6 fitted fit VERB ng451g07t1h 3 7 with with ADP ng451g07t1h 3 8 additional additional ADJ ng451g07t1h 3 9 " " PUNCT ng451g07t1h 3 10 exhaust exhaust ADJ ng451g07t1h 3 11 aftertreatment aftertreatment NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 12 units unit NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 13 " " PUNCT ng451g07t1h 3 14 which which PRON ng451g07t1h 3 15 utilize utilize VERB ng451g07t1h 3 16 catalysts catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 17 in in ADP ng451g07t1h 3 18 various various ADJ ng451g07t1h 3 19 components component NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 20 in in ADP ng451g07t1h 3 21 the the DET ng451g07t1h 3 22 exhaust exhaust NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 23 stream stream NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 24 to to PART ng451g07t1h 3 25 eliminate eliminate VERB ng451g07t1h 3 26 the the DET ng451g07t1h 3 27 unsafe unsafe ADJ ng451g07t1h 3 28 compounds compound NOUN ng451g07t1h 3 29 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 4 1 one one NUM ng451g07t1h 4 2 harmful harmful ADJ ng451g07t1h 4 3 diesel diesel NOUN ng451g07t1h 4 4 exhaust exhaust NOUN ng451g07t1h 4 5 component component NOUN ng451g07t1h 4 6 that that PRON ng451g07t1h 4 7 has have AUX ng451g07t1h 4 8 proven prove VERB ng451g07t1h 4 9 difficult difficult ADJ ng451g07t1h 4 10 to to PART ng451g07t1h 4 11 eliminate eliminate VERB ng451g07t1h 4 12 is be AUX ng451g07t1h 4 13 solid solid ADJ ng451g07t1h 4 14 carbonaceous carbonaceous ADJ ng451g07t1h 4 15 particulate particulate NOUN ng451g07t1h 4 16 matter matter NOUN ng451g07t1h 4 17 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 5 1 diesel diesel NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 2 particulate particulate NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 3 filters filter NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 4 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 5 5 dpfs dpfs PROPN ng451g07t1h 5 6 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 5 7 are be AUX ng451g07t1h 5 8 currently currently ADV ng451g07t1h 5 9 required require VERB ng451g07t1h 5 10 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 5 11 all all DET ng451g07t1h 5 12 engines engine NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 13 to to PART ng451g07t1h 5 14 remove remove VERB ng451g07t1h 5 15 the the DET ng451g07t1h 5 16 solid solid ADJ ng451g07t1h 5 17 pm pm NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 18 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 5 19 also also ADV ng451g07t1h 5 20 termed term VERB ng451g07t1h 5 21 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 22 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 5 23 from from ADP ng451g07t1h 5 24 the the DET ng451g07t1h 5 25 exhaust exhaust NOUN ng451g07t1h 5 26 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 6 1 one one NUM ng451g07t1h 6 2 means mean VERB ng451g07t1h 6 3 for for ADP ng451g07t1h 6 4 reducing reduce VERB ng451g07t1h 6 5 cost cost NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 6 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 6 7 the the DET ng451g07t1h 6 8 aftertreatment aftertreatment NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 9 unit unit NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 10 is be AUX ng451g07t1h 6 11 to to PART ng451g07t1h 6 12 lower lower VERB ng451g07t1h 6 13 the the DET ng451g07t1h 6 14 required require VERB ng451g07t1h 6 15 temperature temperature NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 16 for for ADP ng451g07t1h 6 17 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 18 oxidation oxidation NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 19 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 6 20 dpf dpf NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 21 regeneration regeneration NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 22 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 6 23 by by ADP ng451g07t1h 6 24 implementing implement VERB ng451g07t1h 6 25 a a DET ng451g07t1h 6 26 low low ADJ ng451g07t1h 6 27 cost cost NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 28 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 6 29 low low ADJ ng451g07t1h 6 30 temperature temperature NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 31 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 32 oxidation oxidation NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 33 catalysts catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 6 34 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 7 1 potassium potassium NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 2 based base VERB ng451g07t1h 7 3 catalysts catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 4 provide provide VERB ng451g07t1h 7 5 the the DET ng451g07t1h 7 6 low low ADJ ng451g07t1h 7 7 temperature temperature NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 8 oxidation oxidation NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 9 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 7 10 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 11 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 7 12 but but CCONJ ng451g07t1h 7 13 quickly quickly ADV ng451g07t1h 7 14 degrade degrade VERB ng451g07t1h 7 15 in in ADP ng451g07t1h 7 16 the the DET ng451g07t1h 7 17 harsh harsh ADJ ng451g07t1h 7 18 conditions condition NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 19 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 7 20 the the DET ng451g07t1h 7 21 diesel diesel NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 22 exhaust exhaust NOUN ng451g07t1h 7 23 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 8 1 novel novel PROPN ng451g07t1h 8 2 k k PROPN ng451g07t1h 8 3 - - PUNCT ng451g07t1h 8 4 glass glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 5 catalysts catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 6 have have AUX ng451g07t1h 8 7 recently recently ADV ng451g07t1h 8 8 been be AUX ng451g07t1h 8 9 shown show VERB ng451g07t1h 8 10 to to PART ng451g07t1h 8 11 stabilize stabilize VERB ng451g07t1h 8 12 the the DET ng451g07t1h 8 13 k k PROPN ng451g07t1h 8 14 within within ADP ng451g07t1h 8 15 a a DET ng451g07t1h 8 16 silicate silicate ADJ ng451g07t1h 8 17 matrix matrix NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 18 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 8 19 initial initial ADJ ng451g07t1h 8 20 degradation degradation NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 21 studies study NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 22 have have AUX ng451g07t1h 8 23 shown show VERB ng451g07t1h 8 24 promise promise NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 25 with with ADP ng451g07t1h 8 26 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 27 oxidation oxidation NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 28 as as ADV ng451g07t1h 8 29 low low ADJ ng451g07t1h 8 30 as as ADP ng451g07t1h 8 31 380°c 380°c NUM ng451g07t1h 8 32 in in ADP ng451g07t1h 8 33 loose loose ADJ ng451g07t1h 8 34 catalyst catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 35 - - PUNCT ng451g07t1h 8 36 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 37 contact contact NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 38 conditions condition NOUN ng451g07t1h 8 39 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 1 to to PART ng451g07t1h 9 2 further further VERB ng451g07t1h 9 3 the the DET ng451g07t1h 9 4 study study NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 5 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 9 6 these these DET ng451g07t1h 9 7 k k PROPN ng451g07t1h 9 8 - - PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 9 glass glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 10 catalysts catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 11 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 12 this this DET ng451g07t1h 9 13 dissertation dissertation NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 14 will will AUX ng451g07t1h 9 15 delve delve VERB ng451g07t1h 9 16 into into ADP ng451g07t1h 9 17 the the DET ng451g07t1h 9 18 measurement measurement NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 19 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 9 20 characterization characterization NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 21 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 9 22 the the DET ng451g07t1h 9 23 prolonged prolong VERB ng451g07t1h 9 24 degradation degradation NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 25 mechanisms mechanism NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 26 experienced experience VERB ng451g07t1h 9 27 by by ADP ng451g07t1h 9 28 the the DET ng451g07t1h 9 29 glasses glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 30 that that PRON ng451g07t1h 9 31 fall fall VERB ng451g07t1h 9 32 into into ADP ng451g07t1h 9 33 two two NUM ng451g07t1h 9 34 categories category NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 35 termed term VERB ng451g07t1h 9 36 as as SCONJ ng451g07t1h 9 37 follows follow VERB ng451g07t1h 9 38 : : PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 39 combustion combustion NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 40 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 41 k k PROPN ng451g07t1h 9 42 loss loss PROPN ng451g07t1h 9 43 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 44 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 9 45 chemical chemical NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 46 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 47 hydrothermal hydrothermal PROPN ng451g07t1h 9 48 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 9 49 degradation degradation NOUN ng451g07t1h 9 50 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 10 1 k k X ng451g07t1h 10 2 - - PUNCT ng451g07t1h 10 3 glass glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 4 catalyst catalyst NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 5 samples sample NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 6 were be AUX ng451g07t1h 10 7 used use VERB ng451g07t1h 10 8 to to PART ng451g07t1h 10 9 measure measure VERB ng451g07t1h 10 10 end end NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 11 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 10 12 useful useful ADJ ng451g07t1h 10 13 lifetime lifetime NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 14 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 10 15 eul eul PROPN ng451g07t1h 10 16 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 10 17 testing testing NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 18 for for ADP ng451g07t1h 10 19 an an DET ng451g07t1h 10 20 estimated estimate VERB ng451g07t1h 10 21 100,000 100,000 NUM ng451g07t1h 10 22 mi mi NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 23 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 10 24 engine engine NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 25 use use NOUN ng451g07t1h 10 26 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 11 1 a a DET ng451g07t1h 11 2 baseline baseline ADJ ng451g07t1h 11 3 glass glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 4 compound compound NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 5 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 11 6 kcs-1 kcs-1 NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 7 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 11 8 was be AUX ng451g07t1h 11 9 found find VERB ng451g07t1h 11 10 to to PART ng451g07t1h 11 11 sustain sustain VERB ng451g07t1h 11 12 acceptable acceptable ADJ ng451g07t1h 11 13 soot soot NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 14 oxidation oxidation NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 15 temperatures temperature NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 16 after after ADP ng451g07t1h 11 17 this this DET ng451g07t1h 11 18 lifetime lifetime NOUN ng451g07t1h 11 19 ( ( PUNCT ng451g07t1h 11 20 t50 t50 PROPN ng451g07t1h 11 21 < < X ng451g07t1h 11 22 500°c 500°c NUM ng451g07t1h 11 23 ) ) PUNCT ng451g07t1h 11 24 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 12 1 catalytic catalytic ADJ ng451g07t1h 12 2 degradation degradation NOUN ng451g07t1h 12 3 was be AUX ng451g07t1h 12 4 caused cause VERB ng451g07t1h 12 5 by by ADP ng451g07t1h 12 6 the the DET ng451g07t1h 12 7 creation creation NOUN ng451g07t1h 12 8 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 12 9 k k PROPN ng451g07t1h 12 10 - - PUNCT ng451g07t1h 12 11 rich rich ADJ ng451g07t1h 12 12 carbonate carbonate NOUN ng451g07t1h 12 13 or or CCONJ ng451g07t1h 12 14 sulfate sulfate NOUN ng451g07t1h 12 15 precipitates precipitate NOUN ng451g07t1h 12 16 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 13 1 these these DET ng451g07t1h 13 2 precipitates precipitate NOUN ng451g07t1h 13 3 deplete deplete VERB ng451g07t1h 13 4 the the DET ng451g07t1h 13 5 surrounding surround VERB ng451g07t1h 13 6 glass glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 13 7 of of ADP ng451g07t1h 13 8 active active ADJ ng451g07t1h 13 9 k k PROPN ng451g07t1h 13 10 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 13 11 also also ADV ng451g07t1h 13 12 mask mask VERB ng451g07t1h 13 13 active active ADJ ng451g07t1h 13 14 regions region NOUN ng451g07t1h 13 15 with with ADP ng451g07t1h 13 16 inactive inactive ADJ ng451g07t1h 13 17 material material NOUN ng451g07t1h 13 18 such such ADJ ng451g07t1h 13 19 as as ADP ng451g07t1h 13 20 caco3 caco3 PROPN ng451g07t1h 13 21 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 14 1 through through ADP ng451g07t1h 14 2 these these DET ng451g07t1h 14 3 revelations revelation NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 4 , , PUNCT ng451g07t1h 14 5 various various ADJ ng451g07t1h 14 6 changes change NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 7 to to ADP ng451g07t1h 14 8 the the DET ng451g07t1h 14 9 baseline baseline ADJ ng451g07t1h 14 10 glass glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 11 were be AUX ng451g07t1h 14 12 tested test VERB ng451g07t1h 14 13 such such ADJ ng451g07t1h 14 14 as as ADP ng451g07t1h 14 15 bilayer bilayer NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 16 glasses glass NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 17 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 14 18 ce ce PROPN ng451g07t1h 14 19 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 14 20 zr zr INTJ ng451g07t1h 14 21 substitutions substitution NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 22 for for ADP ng451g07t1h 14 23 ca ca NOUN ng451g07t1h 14 24 . . PUNCT ng451g07t1h 15 1 both both DET ng451g07t1h 15 2 methods method NOUN ng451g07t1h 15 3 measured measure VERB ng451g07t1h 15 4 improved improve VERB ng451g07t1h 15 5 catalytic catalytic ADJ ng451g07t1h 15 6 activity activity NOUN ng451g07t1h 15 7 and and CCONJ ng451g07t1h 15 8 improved improve VERB ng451g07t1h 15 9 chemical chemical ADJ ng451g07t1h 15 10 durability durability NOUN ng451g07t1h 15 11 respectively respectively ADV ng451g07t1h 15 12 . . PUNCT