id sid tid token lemma pos qb98mc9170f 1 1 increased increase VERB qb98mc9170f 1 2 urbanization urbanization NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 3 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 1 4 mass mass ADJ qb98mc9170f 1 5 migration migration NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 6 towards towards ADP qb98mc9170f 1 7 cities city NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 8 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 1 9 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 1 10 climate climate NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 11 change change NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 12 have have AUX qb98mc9170f 1 13 drastically drastically ADV qb98mc9170f 1 14 increased increase VERB qb98mc9170f 1 15 the the DET qb98mc9170f 1 16 vulnerability vulnerability NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 17 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 1 18 our our PRON qb98mc9170f 1 19 communities community NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 20 to to ADP qb98mc9170f 1 21 natural natural ADJ qb98mc9170f 1 22 hazards hazard NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 23 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 1 24 creating create VERB qb98mc9170f 1 25 increased increase VERB qb98mc9170f 1 26 urgency urgency NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 27 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 1 28 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ qb98mc9170f 1 29 hazard hazard NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 30 / / SYM qb98mc9170f 1 31 risk risk NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 32 assessment assessment NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 33 strategies strategy NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 34 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 1 35 can can AUX qb98mc9170f 1 36 better well ADV qb98mc9170f 1 37 inform inform VERB qb98mc9170f 1 38 risk risk NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 39 mitigation mitigation NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 40 strategies strategy NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 41 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 1 42 real real ADJ qb98mc9170f 1 43 - - PUNCT qb98mc9170f 1 44 time time NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 45 emergency emergency NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 46 responses response NOUN qb98mc9170f 1 47 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 2 1 to to PART qb98mc9170f 2 2 facilitate facilitate VERB qb98mc9170f 2 3 such such DET qb98mc9170f 2 4 a a DET qb98mc9170f 2 5 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 6 assessment assessment NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 7 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 2 8 these these DET qb98mc9170f 2 9 strategies strategy NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 10 need need VERB qb98mc9170f 2 11 to to PART qb98mc9170f 2 12 rely rely VERB qb98mc9170f 2 13 on on ADP qb98mc9170f 2 14 the the DET qb98mc9170f 2 15 use use NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 16 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 2 17 high high ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 18 - - PUNCT qb98mc9170f 2 19 fidelity fidelity NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 20 numerical numerical ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 21 models model NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 22 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 2 23 creating create VERB qb98mc9170f 2 24 a a DET qb98mc9170f 2 25 significant significant ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 26 computational computational ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 27 burden burden NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 28 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 2 29 is be AUX qb98mc9170f 2 30 still still ADV qb98mc9170f 2 31 considered consider VERB qb98mc9170f 2 32 as as ADV qb98mc9170f 2 33 insurmountable insurmountable ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 34 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 2 35 many many ADJ qb98mc9170f 2 36 applications application NOUN qb98mc9170f 2 37 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 3 1 this this DET qb98mc9170f 3 2 work work NOUN qb98mc9170f 3 3 investigates investigate VERB qb98mc9170f 3 4 the the DET qb98mc9170f 3 5 implementation implementation NOUN qb98mc9170f 3 6 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 3 7 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 3 8 modeling modeling NOUN qb98mc9170f 3 9 techniques technique NOUN qb98mc9170f 3 10 to to PART qb98mc9170f 3 11 address address VERB qb98mc9170f 3 12 this this DET qb98mc9170f 3 13 challenge challenge NOUN qb98mc9170f 3 14 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 1 kriging kriging PROPN qb98mc9170f 4 2 is be AUX qb98mc9170f 4 3 adopted adopt VERB qb98mc9170f 4 4 as as ADP qb98mc9170f 4 5 the the DET qb98mc9170f 4 6 preferred preferred ADJ qb98mc9170f 4 7 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 4 8 model model NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 9 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 10 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 4 11 two two NUM qb98mc9170f 4 12 different different ADJ qb98mc9170f 4 13 hazard hazard NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 14 implementations implementation NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 15 are be AUX qb98mc9170f 4 16 examined examine VERB qb98mc9170f 4 17 : : PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 18 ( ( PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 19 i i NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 20 ) ) PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 21 the the DET qb98mc9170f 4 22 estimation estimation NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 23 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 4 24 storm storm NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 25 surge surge NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 26 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 27 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 4 28 ( ( PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 29 ii ii PROPN qb98mc9170f 4 30 ) ) PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 31 the the DET qb98mc9170f 4 32 approximation approximation NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 33 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 4 34 engineering engineering NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 35 demand demand NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 36 parameters parameter NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 37 ( ( PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 38 edps edps X qb98mc9170f 4 39 ) ) PUNCT qb98mc9170f 4 40 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 4 41 earthquake earthquake NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 42 applications application NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 43 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 4 44 use use VERB qb98mc9170f 4 45 stochastic stochastic ADJ qb98mc9170f 4 46 ground ground NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 47 motion motion NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 48 models model NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 49 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 4 50 the the DET qb98mc9170f 4 51 description description NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 52 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 4 53 the the DET qb98mc9170f 4 54 seismic seismic ADJ qb98mc9170f 4 55 hazard hazard NOUN qb98mc9170f 4 56 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 5 1 emphasis emphasis NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 2 is be AUX qb98mc9170f 5 3 placed place VERB qb98mc9170f 5 4 on on ADP qb98mc9170f 5 5 the the DET qb98mc9170f 5 6 former former ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 7 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 5 8 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 5 9 also also ADV qb98mc9170f 5 10 represents represent VERB qb98mc9170f 5 11 an an DET qb98mc9170f 5 12 application application NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 13 with with ADP qb98mc9170f 5 14 renewed renew VERB qb98mc9170f 5 15 importance importance NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 16 due due ADP qb98mc9170f 5 17 to to ADP qb98mc9170f 5 18 the the DET qb98mc9170f 5 19 widely widely ADV qb98mc9170f 5 20 acknowledged acknowledge VERB qb98mc9170f 5 21 increased increase VERB qb98mc9170f 5 22 vulnerability vulnerability NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 23 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 5 24 coastal coastal ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 25 communities community NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 26 stemming stem VERB qb98mc9170f 5 27 from from ADP qb98mc9170f 5 28 future future ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 29 sea sea NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 30 level level NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 31 rise rise NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 32 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 5 33 storm storm NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 34 intensification intensification NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 35 projections.using projections.use VERB qb98mc9170f 5 36 synthetic synthetic ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 37 storm storm NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 38 databases database NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 39 developed develop VERB qb98mc9170f 5 40 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 5 41 coastal coastal ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 42 studies study NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 43 as as ADP qb98mc9170f 5 44 the the DET qb98mc9170f 5 45 foundation foundation NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 46 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 5 47 the the DET qb98mc9170f 5 48 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 49 model model NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 50 development development NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 51 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 5 52 various various ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 53 unexplored unexplored ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 54 topics topic NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 55 are be AUX qb98mc9170f 5 56 investigated investigate VERB qb98mc9170f 5 57 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 5 58 detail detail NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 59 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 5 60 the the DET qb98mc9170f 5 61 formulation formulation NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 62 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 5 63 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 5 64 models model NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 65 to to PART qb98mc9170f 5 66 predict predict VERB qb98mc9170f 5 67 the the DET qb98mc9170f 5 68 peak peak NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 69 storm storm NOUN qb98mc9170f 5 70 surge surge VERB qb98mc9170f 5 71 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 6 1 these these PRON qb98mc9170f 6 2 include include VERB qb98mc9170f 6 3 topics topic NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 4 related relate VERB qb98mc9170f 6 5 to to ADP qb98mc9170f 6 6 the the DET qb98mc9170f 6 7 incorporation incorporation NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 8 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 6 9 sea sea NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 10 level level NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 11 rise rise VERB qb98mc9170f 6 12 explicitly explicitly ADV qb98mc9170f 6 13 as as ADP qb98mc9170f 6 14 an an DET qb98mc9170f 6 15 input input NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 16 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 6 17 the the DET qb98mc9170f 6 18 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 6 19 model model NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 20 formulation formulation NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 21 with with ADP qb98mc9170f 6 22 additional additional ADJ qb98mc9170f 6 23 guidance guidance NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 24 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 6 25 the the DET qb98mc9170f 6 26 development development NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 27 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 6 28 such such ADJ qb98mc9170f 6 29 synthetic synthetic ADJ qb98mc9170f 6 30 storm storm NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 31 databases database NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 32 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 6 33 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 6 34 the the DET qb98mc9170f 6 35 efficient efficient ADJ qb98mc9170f 6 36 risk risk NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 37 assessment assessment NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 38 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 6 39 extended extended ADJ qb98mc9170f 6 40 regions region NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 41 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 6 42 interest interest NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 43 with with ADP qb98mc9170f 6 44 hundreds hundred NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 45 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 6 46 thousands thousand NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 47 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 6 48 points point NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 49 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 6 50 which which PRON qb98mc9170f 6 51 the the DET qb98mc9170f 6 52 hazard hazard NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 53 curves curve NOUN qb98mc9170f 6 54 need need VERB qb98mc9170f 6 55 to to PART qb98mc9170f 6 56 be be AUX qb98mc9170f 6 57 estimated estimate VERB qb98mc9170f 6 58 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 1 other other ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 2 developments development NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 3 investigate investigate VERB qb98mc9170f 7 4 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 5 the the DET qb98mc9170f 7 6 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 7 model model NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 8 implementation implementation NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 9 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 7 10 small small ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 11 size size NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 12 databases database NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 13 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 14 examining examine VERB qb98mc9170f 7 15 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 7 16 more more ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 17 detail detail NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 18 any any DET qb98mc9170f 7 19 occurring occur VERB qb98mc9170f 7 20 overfitting overfitte VERB qb98mc9170f 7 21 challenges challenge NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 22 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 23 the the DET qb98mc9170f 7 24 explicit explicit ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 25 use use NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 26 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 7 27 a a DET qb98mc9170f 7 28 classifier classifier NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 29 to to PART qb98mc9170f 7 30 accommodate accommodate VERB qb98mc9170f 7 31 higher high ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 32 accuracy accuracy NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 33 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 7 34 nodes node NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 35 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 7 36 have have AUX qb98mc9170f 7 37 remained remain VERB qb98mc9170f 7 38 dry dry ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 39 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 7 40 some some DET qb98mc9170f 7 41 storms storm NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 42 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 43 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 7 44 finally finally ADV qb98mc9170f 7 45 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 46 the the DET qb98mc9170f 7 47 detailed detailed ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 48 exploration exploration NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 49 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 7 50 different different ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 51 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 7 52 modeling modeling NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 53 approaches approach NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 54 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 7 55 can can AUX qb98mc9170f 7 56 accommodate accommodate VERB qb98mc9170f 7 57 time time NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 58 - - PUNCT qb98mc9170f 7 59 series series NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 60 surge surge NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 61 predictions prediction NOUN qb98mc9170f 7 62 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 8 1 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 8 2 seismic seismic ADJ qb98mc9170f 8 3 applications application NOUN qb98mc9170f 8 4 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 8 5 the the DET qb98mc9170f 8 6 research research NOUN qb98mc9170f 8 7 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 8 8 this this DET qb98mc9170f 8 9 dissertation dissertation NOUN qb98mc9170f 8 10 advances advance VERB qb98mc9170f 8 11 the the DET qb98mc9170f 8 12 estimation estimation NOUN qb98mc9170f 8 13 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 8 14 the the DET qb98mc9170f 8 15 edp edp ADJ qb98mc9170f 8 16 distribution distribution NOUN qb98mc9170f 8 17 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 9 1 emphasis emphasis NOUN qb98mc9170f 9 2 is be AUX qb98mc9170f 9 3 placed place VERB qb98mc9170f 9 4 on on ADP qb98mc9170f 9 5 efficiently efficiently ADV qb98mc9170f 9 6 addressing address VERB qb98mc9170f 9 7 the the DET qb98mc9170f 9 8 aleatoric aleatoric ADJ qb98mc9170f 9 9 uncertainty uncertainty NOUN qb98mc9170f 9 10 related relate VERB qb98mc9170f 9 11 to to ADP qb98mc9170f 9 12 the the DET qb98mc9170f 9 13 hazard hazard NOUN qb98mc9170f 9 14 description description NOUN qb98mc9170f 9 15 within within ADP qb98mc9170f 9 16 a a DET qb98mc9170f 9 17 surrogate surrogate ADJ qb98mc9170f 9 18 modeling modeling NOUN qb98mc9170f 9 19 framework framework NOUN qb98mc9170f 9 20 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 10 1 this this PRON qb98mc9170f 10 2 is be AUX qb98mc9170f 10 3 accommodated accommodate VERB qb98mc9170f 10 4 by by ADP qb98mc9170f 10 5 leveraging leverage VERB qb98mc9170f 10 6 the the DET qb98mc9170f 10 7 nugget nugget NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 8 parameter parameter NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 9 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 10 10 the the DET qb98mc9170f 10 11 kriging krige VERB qb98mc9170f 10 12 formulation formulation NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 13 and and CCONJ qb98mc9170f 10 14 by by ADP qb98mc9170f 10 15 introducing introduce VERB qb98mc9170f 10 16 a a DET qb98mc9170f 10 17 novel novel ADJ qb98mc9170f 10 18 stochastic stochastic ADJ qb98mc9170f 10 19 kriging krige VERB qb98mc9170f 10 20 implementation implementation NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 21 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 10 22 allows allow VERB qb98mc9170f 10 23 a a DET qb98mc9170f 10 24 heteroscedastic heteroscedastic ADJ qb98mc9170f 10 25 description description NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 26 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 10 27 the the DET qb98mc9170f 10 28 nugget nugget NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 29 variance variance NOUN qb98mc9170f 10 30 . . PUNCT qb98mc9170f 11 1 implementation implementation NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 2 greatly greatly ADV qb98mc9170f 11 3 reduces reduce VERB qb98mc9170f 11 4 the the DET qb98mc9170f 11 5 number number NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 6 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 11 7 structural structural ADJ qb98mc9170f 11 8 simulations simulation NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 9 for for ADP qb98mc9170f 11 10 the the DET qb98mc9170f 11 11 calibration calibration NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 12 of of ADP qb98mc9170f 11 13 the the DET qb98mc9170f 11 14 metamodel metamodel NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 15 that that PRON qb98mc9170f 11 16 approximates approximate VERB qb98mc9170f 11 17 the the DET qb98mc9170f 11 18 edp edp ADJ qb98mc9170f 11 19 distribution distribution NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 20 , , PUNCT qb98mc9170f 11 21 promoting promote VERB qb98mc9170f 11 22 significant significant ADJ qb98mc9170f 11 23 computational computational ADJ qb98mc9170f 11 24 savings saving NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 25 in in ADP qb98mc9170f 11 26 seismic seismic ADJ qb98mc9170f 11 27 risk risk NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 28 assessment assessment NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 29 application application NOUN qb98mc9170f 11 30 . . PUNCT