id sid tid token lemma pos qf85n874198 1 1 a a DET qf85n874198 1 2 computational computational ADJ qf85n874198 1 3 study study NOUN qf85n874198 1 4 is be AUX qf85n874198 1 5 carried carry VERB qf85n874198 1 6 out out ADP qf85n874198 1 7 to to PART qf85n874198 1 8 investigate investigate VERB qf85n874198 1 9 the the DET qf85n874198 1 10 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 1 11 generated generate VERB qf85n874198 1 12 by by ADP qf85n874198 1 13 a a DET qf85n874198 1 14 ten ten NUM qf85n874198 1 15 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 1 16 bladed blade VERB qf85n874198 1 17 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 1 18 ingesting ingest VERB qf85n874198 1 19 low low ADJ qf85n874198 1 20 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 1 21 mach mach NOUN qf85n874198 1 22 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 1 23 number number NOUN qf85n874198 1 24 turbulent turbulent ADJ qf85n874198 1 25 flow flow NOUN qf85n874198 1 26 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 2 1 two two NUM qf85n874198 2 2 types type NOUN qf85n874198 2 3 of of ADP qf85n874198 2 4 turbulent turbulent ADJ qf85n874198 2 5 inflows inflow NOUN qf85n874198 2 6 are be AUX qf85n874198 2 7 considered consider VERB qf85n874198 2 8 : : PUNCT qf85n874198 2 9 homogeneous homogeneous ADJ qf85n874198 2 10 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 2 11 isotropic isotropic ADJ qf85n874198 2 12 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 2 13 mimicking mimic VERB qf85n874198 2 14 gridgenerated gridgenerated ADJ qf85n874198 2 15 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 2 16 in in ADP qf85n874198 2 17 a a DET qf85n874198 2 18 previous previous ADJ qf85n874198 2 19 experiment experiment NOUN qf85n874198 2 20 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 2 21 a a DET qf85n874198 2 22 turbulent turbulent ADJ qf85n874198 2 23 cylinder cylinder NOUN qf85n874198 2 24 wake wake NOUN qf85n874198 2 25 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 3 1 a a DET qf85n874198 3 2 hybrid hybrid ADJ qf85n874198 3 3 computational computational ADJ qf85n874198 3 4 approach approach NOUN qf85n874198 3 5 combining combine VERB qf85n874198 3 6 les les X qf85n874198 3 7 with with ADP qf85n874198 3 8 lighthill lighthill NOUN qf85n874198 3 9 's 's PART qf85n874198 3 10 aeroacoustic aeroacoustic ADJ qf85n874198 3 11 theory theory NOUN qf85n874198 3 12 is be AUX qf85n874198 3 13 employed employ VERB qf85n874198 3 14 to to PART qf85n874198 3 15 predict predict VERB qf85n874198 3 16 the the DET qf85n874198 3 17 aeroacoustic aeroacoustic ADJ qf85n874198 3 18 response response NOUN qf85n874198 3 19 of of ADP qf85n874198 3 20 the the DET qf85n874198 3 21 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 3 22 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 4 1 les les X qf85n874198 4 2 based base VERB qf85n874198 4 3 on on ADP qf85n874198 4 4 incompressible incompressible ADJ qf85n874198 4 5 flow flow NOUN qf85n874198 4 6 equations equation NOUN qf85n874198 4 7 provides provide VERB qf85n874198 4 8 the the DET qf85n874198 4 9 unsteady unsteady ADJ qf85n874198 4 10 loading loading NOUN qf85n874198 4 11 on on ADP qf85n874198 4 12 the the DET qf85n874198 4 13 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 4 14 blades blade NOUN qf85n874198 4 15 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 4 16 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 4 17 the the DET qf85n874198 4 18 ffowcs ffowcs PROPN qf85n874198 4 19 williams williams PROPN qf85n874198 4 20 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 4 21 hawkings hawkings PROPN qf85n874198 4 22 extension extension NOUN qf85n874198 4 23 to to ADP qf85n874198 4 24 the the DET qf85n874198 4 25 lighthill lighthill NOUN qf85n874198 4 26 theory theory NOUN qf85n874198 4 27 is be AUX qf85n874198 4 28 used use VERB qf85n874198 4 29 to to PART qf85n874198 4 30 calculate calculate VERB qf85n874198 4 31 the the DET qf85n874198 4 32 radiated radiate VERB qf85n874198 4 33 acoustic acoustic ADJ qf85n874198 4 34 field.the field.the DET qf85n874198 4 35 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 4 36 acoustic acoustic ADJ qf85n874198 4 37 response response NOUN qf85n874198 4 38 to to ADP qf85n874198 4 39 grid grid NOUN qf85n874198 4 40 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 4 41 generated generate VERB qf85n874198 4 42 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 4 43 is be AUX qf85n874198 4 44 calculated calculate VERB qf85n874198 4 45 at at ADP qf85n874198 4 46 two two NUM qf85n874198 4 47 advance advance NOUN qf85n874198 4 48 ratios ratio NOUN qf85n874198 4 49 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 4 50 validated validate VERB qf85n874198 4 51 against against ADP qf85n874198 4 52 the the DET qf85n874198 4 53 experimental experimental ADJ qf85n874198 4 54 data datum NOUN qf85n874198 4 55 of of ADP qf85n874198 4 56 wojno wojno PROPN qf85n874198 4 57 et et PROPN qf85n874198 4 58 al al PROPN qf85n874198 4 59 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 5 1 ( ( PUNCT qf85n874198 5 2 aiaa aiaa PROPN qf85n874198 5 3 j. j. PROPN qf85n874198 5 4 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 5 5 40(1 40(1 PROPN qf85n874198 5 6 ) ) PUNCT qf85n874198 5 7 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 5 8 2002 2002 NUM qf85n874198 5 9 ) ) PUNCT qf85n874198 6 1 the the DET qf85n874198 6 2 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 6 3 spectra spectra NOUN qf85n874198 6 4 are be AUX qf85n874198 6 5 broadband broadband ADJ qf85n874198 6 6 with with ADP qf85n874198 6 7 small small ADJ qf85n874198 6 8 peaks peak NOUN qf85n874198 6 9 at at ADP qf85n874198 6 10 the the DET qf85n874198 6 11 blade blade NOUN qf85n874198 6 12 passing pass VERB qf85n874198 6 13 frequency frequency NOUN qf85n874198 6 14 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 6 15 its its PRON qf85n874198 6 16 harmonics harmonic NOUN qf85n874198 6 17 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 7 1 the the DET qf85n874198 7 2 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 7 3 ingestion ingestion NOUN qf85n874198 7 4 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 7 5 is be AUX qf85n874198 7 6 much much ADV qf85n874198 7 7 stronger strong ADJ qf85n874198 7 8 than than ADP qf85n874198 7 9 the the DET qf85n874198 7 10 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 7 11 self self NOUN qf85n874198 7 12 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 7 13 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 8 1 it it PRON qf85n874198 8 2 is be AUX qf85n874198 8 3 found find VERB qf85n874198 8 4 that that SCONJ qf85n874198 8 5 decreasing decrease VERB qf85n874198 8 6 the the DET qf85n874198 8 7 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 8 8 advance advance NOUN qf85n874198 8 9 ratio ratio NOUN qf85n874198 8 10 at at ADP qf85n874198 8 11 fixed fix VERB qf85n874198 8 12 freestream freestream NOUN qf85n874198 8 13 velocity velocity NOUN qf85n874198 8 14 increases increase VERB qf85n874198 8 15 the the DET qf85n874198 8 16 sound sound ADJ qf85n874198 8 17 pressure pressure NOUN qf85n874198 8 18 level level NOUN qf85n874198 8 19 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 9 1 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 9 2 distortions distortion NOUN qf85n874198 9 3 by by ADP qf85n874198 9 4 the the DET qf85n874198 9 5 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 9 6 are be AUX qf85n874198 9 7 insignificant insignificant ADJ qf85n874198 9 8 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 9 9 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 9 10 blade blade NOUN qf85n874198 9 11 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 9 12 to to ADP qf85n874198 9 13 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 9 14 blade blade NOUN qf85n874198 9 15 correlations correlation NOUN qf85n874198 9 16 of of ADP qf85n874198 9 17 the the DET qf85n874198 9 18 acoustic acoustic ADJ qf85n874198 9 19 dipole dipole NOUN qf85n874198 9 20 sources source NOUN qf85n874198 9 21 are be AUX qf85n874198 9 22 weak.the weak.the DET qf85n874198 9 23 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 9 24 of of ADP qf85n874198 9 25 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 9 26 ingesting ingest VERB qf85n874198 9 27 a a DET qf85n874198 9 28 turbulent turbulent ADJ qf85n874198 9 29 cylinder cylinder NOUN qf85n874198 9 30 wake wake NOUN qf85n874198 9 31 is be AUX qf85n874198 9 32 studied study VERB qf85n874198 9 33 at at ADP qf85n874198 9 34 several several ADJ qf85n874198 9 35 advance advance NOUN qf85n874198 9 36 ratios ratio NOUN qf85n874198 9 37 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 9 38 wake wake VERB qf85n874198 9 39 striking strike VERB qf85n874198 9 40 positions position NOUN qf85n874198 9 41 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 10 1 the the DET qf85n874198 10 2 computed computed ADJ qf85n874198 10 3 sound sound NOUN qf85n874198 10 4 pressure pressure NOUN qf85n874198 10 5 spectra spectra NOUN qf85n874198 10 6 agree agree VERB qf85n874198 10 7 very very ADV qf85n874198 10 8 well well ADV qf85n874198 10 9 with with ADP qf85n874198 10 10 the the DET qf85n874198 10 11 experimental experimental ADJ qf85n874198 10 12 measurements measurement NOUN qf85n874198 10 13 at at ADP qf85n874198 10 14 virginia virginia PROPN qf85n874198 10 15 tech tech PROPN qf85n874198 10 16 ( ( PUNCT qf85n874198 10 17 alexander alexander X qf85n874198 10 18 et et PROPN qf85n874198 10 19 al al PROPN qf85n874198 10 20 . . PROPN qf85n874198 10 21 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 10 22 aiaa aiaa PROPN qf85n874198 10 23 paper paper NOUN qf85n874198 10 24 2016 2016 NUM qf85n874198 10 25 - - SYM qf85n874198 10 26 2994 2994 NUM qf85n874198 10 27 ) ) PUNCT qf85n874198 10 28 over over ADP qf85n874198 10 29 a a DET qf85n874198 10 30 wide wide ADJ qf85n874198 10 31 frequency frequency NOUN qf85n874198 10 32 range range NOUN qf85n874198 10 33 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 11 1 the the DET qf85n874198 11 2 broadband broadband PROPN qf85n874198 11 3 acoustic acoustic PROPN qf85n874198 11 4 spectra spectra NOUN qf85n874198 11 5 exhibit exhibit NOUN qf85n874198 11 6 a a DET qf85n874198 11 7 strong strong ADJ qf85n874198 11 8 tonal tonal ADJ qf85n874198 11 9 peak peak NOUN qf85n874198 11 10 at at ADP qf85n874198 11 11 the the DET qf85n874198 11 12 cylinder cylinder NOUN qf85n874198 11 13 vortex vortex NOUN qf85n874198 11 14 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 11 15 shedding shed VERB qf85n874198 11 16 frequency frequency NOUN qf85n874198 11 17 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 11 18 minor minor ADJ qf85n874198 11 19 peaks peak NOUN qf85n874198 11 20 at at ADP qf85n874198 11 21 the the DET qf85n874198 11 22 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 11 23 blade blade NOUN qf85n874198 11 24 passing pass VERB qf85n874198 11 25 frequency frequency NOUN qf85n874198 11 26 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 11 27 trailing trail VERB qf85n874198 11 28 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 11 29 edge edge NOUN qf85n874198 11 30 vortex vortex NOUN qf85n874198 11 31 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 11 32 shedding shed VERB qf85n874198 11 33 frequency frequency NOUN qf85n874198 11 34 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 12 1 a a DET qf85n874198 12 2 closer close ADJ qf85n874198 12 3 examination examination NOUN qf85n874198 12 4 of of ADP qf85n874198 12 5 flow flow NOUN qf85n874198 12 6 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 12 7 acoustic acoustic ADJ qf85n874198 12 8 fields field NOUN qf85n874198 12 9 reveals reveal VERB qf85n874198 12 10 that that SCONJ qf85n874198 12 11 the the DET qf85n874198 12 12 strength strength NOUN qf85n874198 12 13 of of ADP qf85n874198 12 14 the the DET qf85n874198 12 15 blade blade NOUN qf85n874198 12 16 acoustic acoustic ADJ qf85n874198 12 17 source source NOUN qf85n874198 12 18 increases increase VERB qf85n874198 12 19 significantly significantly ADV qf85n874198 12 20 with with ADP qf85n874198 12 21 the the DET qf85n874198 12 22 radial radial ADJ qf85n874198 12 23 distance distance NOUN qf85n874198 12 24 to to ADP qf85n874198 12 25 the the DET qf85n874198 12 26 hub hub NOUN qf85n874198 12 27 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 12 28 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 12 29 the the DET qf85n874198 12 30 trailing trail VERB qf85n874198 12 31 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 12 32 edge edge NOUN qf85n874198 12 33 self self NOUN qf85n874198 12 34 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 12 35 is be AUX qf85n874198 12 36 generated generate VERB qf85n874198 12 37 in in ADP qf85n874198 12 38 the the DET qf85n874198 12 39 outer outer ADJ qf85n874198 12 40 region region NOUN qf85n874198 12 41 of of ADP qf85n874198 12 42 the the DET qf85n874198 12 43 blade blade NOUN qf85n874198 12 44 near near ADP qf85n874198 12 45 the the DET qf85n874198 12 46 tip tip NOUN qf85n874198 12 47 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 13 1 it it PRON qf85n874198 13 2 is be AUX qf85n874198 13 3 shown show VERB qf85n874198 13 4 that that SCONJ qf85n874198 13 5 the the DET qf85n874198 13 6 spectral spectral ADJ qf85n874198 13 7 level level NOUN qf85n874198 13 8 of of ADP qf85n874198 13 9 the the DET qf85n874198 13 10 ingestion ingestion NOUN qf85n874198 13 11 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 13 12 increases increase NOUN qf85n874198 13 13 with with ADP qf85n874198 13 14 increasing increase VERB qf85n874198 13 15 rotation rotation NOUN qf85n874198 13 16 speed speed NOUN qf85n874198 13 17 ( ( PUNCT qf85n874198 13 18 decreasing decrease VERB qf85n874198 13 19 advance advance NOUN qf85n874198 13 20 ratio ratio NOUN qf85n874198 13 21 ) ) PUNCT qf85n874198 13 22 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 14 1 the the DET qf85n874198 14 2 centerline centerline NOUN qf85n874198 14 3 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 14 4 75 75 NUM qf85n874198 14 5 % % NOUN qf85n874198 14 6 off-center off-center ADV qf85n874198 14 7 wake wake VERB qf85n874198 14 8 striking strike VERB qf85n874198 14 9 position position NOUN qf85n874198 14 10 cases case NOUN qf85n874198 14 11 produce produce VERB qf85n874198 14 12 similar similar ADJ qf85n874198 14 13 sound sound ADJ qf85n874198 14 14 pressure pressure NOUN qf85n874198 14 15 levels level NOUN qf85n874198 14 16 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 14 17 which which PRON qf85n874198 14 18 are be AUX qf85n874198 14 19 slightly slightly ADV qf85n874198 14 20 higher high ADJ qf85n874198 14 21 than than ADP qf85n874198 14 22 those those PRON qf85n874198 14 23 of of ADP qf85n874198 14 24 the the DET qf85n874198 14 25 100 100 NUM qf85n874198 14 26 % % NOUN qf85n874198 14 27 off-center off-center ADJ qf85n874198 14 28 case case NOUN qf85n874198 14 29 . . PUNCT qf85n874198 15 1 wake wake VERB qf85n874198 15 2 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 15 3 distortions distortion NOUN qf85n874198 15 4 induced induce VERB qf85n874198 15 5 by by ADP qf85n874198 15 6 the the DET qf85n874198 15 7 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 15 8 are be AUX qf85n874198 15 9 more more ADV qf85n874198 15 10 significant significant ADJ qf85n874198 15 11 compared compare VERB qf85n874198 15 12 to to ADP qf85n874198 15 13 the the DET qf85n874198 15 14 grid grid NOUN qf85n874198 15 15 - - PUNCT qf85n874198 15 16 generated generate VERB qf85n874198 15 17 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 15 18 ingestion ingestion NOUN qf85n874198 15 19 case case NOUN qf85n874198 15 20 , , PUNCT qf85n874198 15 21 and and CCONJ qf85n874198 15 22 the the DET qf85n874198 15 23 sears sears PROPN qf85n874198 15 24 theory theory NOUN qf85n874198 15 25 is be AUX qf85n874198 15 26 shown show VERB qf85n874198 15 27 to to PART qf85n874198 15 28 provide provide VERB qf85n874198 15 29 a a DET qf85n874198 15 30 reasonable reasonable ADJ qf85n874198 15 31 prediction prediction NOUN qf85n874198 15 32 of of ADP qf85n874198 15 33 the the DET qf85n874198 15 34 rotor rotor NOUN qf85n874198 15 35 turbulence turbulence NOUN qf85n874198 15 36 ingestion ingestion NOUN qf85n874198 15 37 noise noise NOUN qf85n874198 15 38 at at ADP qf85n874198 15 39 most most ADJ qf85n874198 15 40 frequencies frequency NOUN qf85n874198 15 41 . . PUNCT