key: cord-0748394-1khifw1a
authors: Eigenmann, Philippe
title: COVID‐19 and its impact on allergic and immunologic diseases in children
date: 2020-07-15
journal: Pediatr Allergy Immunol
DOI: 10.1111/pai.13295
sha: 159dda3174a9a404b09905b12de1143026f28c33
doc_id: 748394
cord_uid: 1khifw1a

nan

The second report presented here addresses the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and childhood asthma at 2 years of age, in the frame of a Brasilian cohort study. 11 Luana Lopes Padilha et al studied this association by modeling pathways mediated by the BMI of the child and allergic inflammation. They first found that a high intake of daily calories from sugars added to SSBs was directly associated with higher values of child asthma traits. In addition, increased levels of eosinophils were also directly associated with child asthma traits, but no mediation pathways were observed via greater BMI z-scores or eosinophil counts. The study concludes by warning that even in early life, as early as two years of age, exposure to SSB would be a risk factor for childhood asthma traits. Nutrition has definitely been identified as an important factor influencing the arousal of asthma and allergies. 12 And more specifically, ultra-processed foods are among factors having a potential to unfavorably influence allergy later in life. 13, 14 Not only foods but more globally the environment may have an impact on childhood asthma, 15 possibly by providing inflammatory signals. 16 This issue further includes also studies on the various topics usually featured in PAI, and the first study I would like to highlight is a report by Niki Mitselou and colleagues from Stockholm. 6 These investigators analyzed data from a Swedish nationwide longitudinal birth cohort for pregnancy outcome (cesarean delivery, preterm birth, low birth weight) and offspring allergic rhinitis (AR) occurrence. The study period ranged from 2001 to 2013 during which 22,386 children (2.11% of the total) were diagnosed with AR. Children born by cesarean delivery (elective and emergency) had a small increased risk of AR, as well as the children born moderately preterm, large for gestational age, or with a low 5-minute Apgar score. This large epidemiologic study confirms earlier findings suggesting that gestational circumstances influence the allergic outcome of the child. Among other maternal factors independent of pregnancy outcomes recently reported in PAI, nutritional factors such as the maternal consumption of fermented foods 7 or the early consumption of a diet containing fish by the child 8 have a protective effect on the development of allergies in childhood. Maternal mental health has also been associated with allergy outcomes in the child, 9 besides metabolic factors during pregnancy which may also influence childhood allergies. 10 

COVID-19 pandemic

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The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures

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Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and risk of later allergic rhinitis-Nationwide Swedish cohort study

Do traditional fermented foods protect against infantile atopic dermatitis

Eating fish and farm life reduce allergic rhinitis at the age of twelve

Perinatal maternal mental health is associated with both infections and wheezing in early childhood

Prenatal high molecular weight phthalates and bisphenol A, and childhood respiratory and allergic outcomes

Pathways in the association between sugar sweetened beverages and child asthma traits in the 2nd year of life: Findings from the BRISA cohort

Nutrition and allergic diseases in urban and rural communities from the South African Food Allergy cohort

Associations of ultra-processed food and drink products with asthma and wheezing among Brazilian adolescents

Pelotas birth cohort study

Risk factors for asthma occurrence in children with early-onset atopic dermatitis: An 8-year follow-up study

The inflammatory potential of diet impacts the association between air pollution and childhood asthma

Incidence, risk factors and re-exacerbation rate of severe asthma exacerbations in a multinational, multidatabase pediatric cohort study

Addressing the risk domain in the long-term management of pediatric asthma

Multi-season analyses of causative pathogens in children hospitalized with asthma exacerbation

Changes in the relationship between childhood asthma and ambient air pollution in Taiwan: Results from a nationwide survey repeated 5 years apart