key: cord-0784174-9vkqqxpz authors: Usmani, Zeba; Lukk, Tiit; Mohanachandran, Dileep Kumar; Thakur, Vijay Kumar; Gupta, Vijai Kumar; Robert, Dave; Raj, Jog; Scarpa, Fabrizio; Gupta, Raju Kumar title: Biosafe sustainable antimicrobial encapsulation and coatings for targeted treatment and infections prevention: Preparation for Another Pandemic date: 2021-02-24 journal: nan DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100074 sha: 47536f8301881a00882c2365a5b00b2d719cf5e2 doc_id: 784174 cord_uid: 9vkqqxpz There has been a growing concern for safety and precautions in the wake of coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic also dubbed as COVID-19, which has caused a major impact at a global scale. This has resulted in many industries accelerating at fast pace new biosafety technologies and improving the already existing ones to deal with this highly contagious virus. Most governments across the globe are also mandating policies focusing on increased biosafety to prevent further spread of the virus and protect key workers such as healthcare agents, store employees and police. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed huge gaps in the healthcare industry that include lack of effective vaccines and medicines, testing of infection, real-time monitoring of the spread of the virus, inadequate protective equipment, and scarcity of protective and intensive care of patients. Some of these may be attributed to a lack of focused research in biosafety materials. As a consequence of the pandemic, a significant body of research activities has therefore focused on biosafety materials that possess unique properties needed for biosafety applications. This graphical review aims to provide a perspective on the usage of bio-based materials to handle the imposing challenges in biosafety. This review investigates existing developments in bio-based antimicrobial encapsulations as an effective measure to deter the growth of COVID-19 virus on surfaces and minimize its spread through surface contact. This will help researchers develop further strategies in material science to focus on contagious pathogens in the future. There has been a growing concern for safety and precautions in the wake of coronavirus SARS-27 CoV2 pandemic also dubbed as COVID-19, which has caused a major impact at a global scale. 28 This has resulted in many industries accelerating at fast pace new biosafety technologies and 29 improving the already existing ones to deal with this highly contagious virus. Most governments 30 across the globe are also mandating policies focusing on increased biosafety to prevent further 31 spread of the virus and protect key workers such as healthcare agents, store employees and 32 police. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed huge gaps in the healthcare industry that include 33 lack of effective vaccines and medicines, testing of infection, real-time monitoring of the spread 34 of the virus, inadequate protective equipment, and scarcity of protective and intensive care of 35 patients. Some of these may be attributed to a lack of focused research in biosafety materials. 36 As a consequence of the pandemic, a significant body of research activities has therefore 37 focused on biosafety materials that possess unique properties needed for biosafety 38 applications. This graphical review aims to provide a perspective on the usage of bio-based 39 materials to handle the imposing challenges in biosafety. This review investigates existing 40 developments in bio-based antimicrobial encapsulations as an effective measure to deter the 41 growth of COVID-19 virus on surfaces and minimize its spread through surface contact. This will 42 help researchers develop further strategies in material science to focus on contagious 43 pathogens in the future. 44 Advancements in the field of biotechnology and associated research on finding and developing 49 new pathogens have exposed the gaps in biosafety measures and standards across the globe. 50 This has resulted in the outbreak of infectious diseases globally, posing grave dangers to 51 human society and the environment (Rai et al., 2020) . Be it the Spanish Flu, H1N1 Swine Flu, 52 Ebola outbreak, the Zika virus or COVID-19, each pandemic has provided a setback to the 53 global economy while severely impacting the society. Most outbreaks have been due to poor 54 biosafety standards and delayed response from a biosafety standpoint to contain the spread. 55 Given the unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID-19 epidemic, there is a resurgence of 56 interest in the biosafety industry that can better prepare the world for similar situations in the 57 future as well as contain the current pandemic. This entails a need to push forward the 58 technologies and techniques in material science (Goel et al., 2020) which is an integral part of 59 improving the biosafety standards and producing materials that can protect against these 60 potentially deadly pathogens. The development of effective antiviral and antimicrobial coatings 61 and treatments is particularly important in the transport industries like aerospace. aureus (S. aureus) (Fig. 3) . Technological advancement, as well as the demand in the global market due to COVID-19 177 impact, is anticipated to be a major aspect for the market growth. It is reported that several 178 countries like US., U.K., Germany, France, China, India, Australia, South Korea, South Africa, 179 etc., are expected growth of profits at global, regional, and country levels during 2019-2025 180 period (Fig. 5) . 181 J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f antiviral agents that could become prominent include chitosan enhanced with green seed 208 extract and green tea extract, polyhydroxybutyrate in combination with Cinnamaldehyde, copper 209 embedded polymeric fibres, carboxymethyl chitosan polymers, essential oils incorporated into 210 capsules, coatings, or films and ethylcellulose with acetoxy-polydimethylsiloxane bonded with 211 clove essential oil. In the post-COVID-19 era, it will be important to prioritize biosafety using 212 these greener materials. Although recent years have witnessed significant progress in the 213 development of biobased antimicrobial materials, efforts are still needed to make them 214 mainstream and economically feasible to produce at a large scale. The development of 215 biobased materials to deter the growth and spread of pathogens that spread at a high rate such 216 as COVID-19 is needed. Globalization has made these biothreats and pandemics a problem for 217 every country, and global collaboration and cooperation is needed to tackle future threats. 218 Hence research efforts need to be brought together and dissemination of information across the 219 scientific community is needed to accelerate the development of biobased biosafety materials to 220 secure the health and well-being of society and economic prosperity. 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