key: cord-0812029-chsvliv2 authors: Mahboob, S.; Johora, F.; Abbasy, A. A.; Jeenia, F. T.; Ali, M.; Naharin, N. E.; Ferdoush, J. title: Demographic Characteristics and Clinical Features of COVID-19 Patients Admitted in a Combined Military Hospital of Bangladesh date: 2022-02-15 journal: nan DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.12.22270893 sha: ca19d5f9dd73633909c5c5132059546e2211d273 doc_id: 812029 cord_uid: chsvliv2 Background: COVID-19, one of the worst pandemics in humankinds history on December 2019. Clinical presentations of COVID-19 patients are varied and being closely similar to those of seasonal flu, its difficult to differentiate it on first presentation as COVID. Clinical scenario and demographic characteristics provide important guideline in the management of COVID. Materials and Methods: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to explore the demographic characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 patients admitted in a Combined Military Hospital of Bangladesh. Data were collected from treatment records of patients of the CMH Bogura during the period of June 2020 to August 2020. Total 219 RT-PCR positive admitted patients were included as study population. Result: Among 219 patients, 78.6% were male and 21.5% female. Mean age of patients was 34.3 (12.2). Highest percentages (67.2%) of patients were from age group 21-40 years. 85.4% of the patients had no comorbidities, and hypertension (10.1%) was the most common comorbidity. Most (83.1%) of the admitted patients were diagnosed as mild cases. 96.4% cases were symptomatic and fever (84.5%) was the most common symptoms of COVID, followed by dry cough (46.6%), sore throat (19.6%), headache (18.3%), bodyache (17.8%), loss of appetite (15.5%), tiredness (15.5%) and anorexia (14.2%). Conclusion: This single center study revealed younger age, male predominance, less presence of comorbidites, mild cases, high proportion of symptomatic patients, and fever and cough as the most common presenting features among the admitted COVID-19 patients in CMH Bogura. (COVID-19) pandemic is a foremost global health concern with a massive burden of disease worldwide. 4 Knowledge of COVID-19 pathophysiology and transmission is changing as the pandemic evolves. SARS-CoV-2 is believed to spread primarily via respiratory droplets that are transmitted from person to person who are in close contact (usually within about 6 feet). 5 The virus can also persist on surfaces to varying periods and degrees of infectivity. Asymptomatic persons account for approximately 40-45% of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These asymptomatic carriers can transmit infection to others for a long period, perhaps more than 14 days, and therefore, contribute to significant spread of the disease. 6 The clinical scenario of COVID-19 is quite mixed, with the vast majority of patients being asymptomatic or only undergoing mild respiratory symptoms. The median incubation period of the disease is about four days ranging up to 14 days. Patients may present with constitutional symptoms (fever, headache, myalgia), upper respiratory tract symptoms (sore throat, rhinorrhea), lower respiratory tract symptoms (cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 15, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.12.22270893 doi: medRxiv preprint sputum) and gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). The Covid-19 is very similar in symptomatology to other viral respiratory infections. Diagnosis of Covid-19 is commonly made through detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR testing of a nasopharyngeal swab or other specimens, including saliva. Antigen tests are generally less sensitive than PCR tests but are less expensive and can be used at the point of care with rapid results. 5, 6, 7 Cases vary from mild forms to severe ones that can lead to serious medical conditions or even death. About 5-15% of all patients with COVID-19 may progress to severe or critical illness, requiring sub-intensive or intensive care. 7 The case fatality ratio varies across countries and depends on the health system, virulence of the strain, host immune response, genetic and environmental factors. 8 The dissimilarity of demographic characteristics as well as clinical features vary between countries, and therefore different management strategy and treatment outcome has been observe. 9 , There are few available data in this context from Bangladesh. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 15, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.12.22270893 doi: medRxiv preprint . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 15, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.12.22270893 doi: medRxiv preprint Most (83.1%) of the admitted patients were diagnosed as mild cases (Figure 2) . 96.4% cases were symptomatic (Figure 3 ). . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 15, 2022 Table III showed that fever (84.5%) was the most common symptoms of COVID, followed by dry cough (46.6%), sore throat (19.6%), headache (18.3%), bodyache (17.8%). . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 15, 2022 w o r l d h a s b e e n o b s e r v i n g C O V I D -19 p a n d e m i c w i t h e n o r m o u s s t r e s s a n d a n x i e t y . The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be wide, encompassing asymptomatic infection, mild upper respiratory tract illness and severe viral pneumonia with respiratory failure and even death, with many patients being hospitalized with pneumonia. The difference of socio-demographic characteristics between countries is also evident. The clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 are furthermore variable in different countries. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19 Therefore, the management strategy of one country needs to be individualized. During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak, the diagnosis of the disease was complicated by the diversity in symptoms, imaging findings and in the severity of disease at the time of presentation. Therefore, this current study was conducted to identify the demographic characteristics and clinical features of COVID-19 patients admitted in a Combined Military Hospital of Bangladesh. Current study found that most of the patients were in the age group of 21-40 (67.2%) and this finding was similar to two studies conducted in Bangladesh 19, 20 but contrary to another study done in Bangladesh and also in China. 21, 13 Mean age of study population was 34.3 ± 12.2 and that was concordance with studies conducted in Bangladesh and India. 22, 23 But higher mean age was observed in most of the relevant researches. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25 and this was because current study was done in combined military hospital. In present study, male predominance (78.6%) was seen among COVID-patients. Similar male predominance was also found in several studies. 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26 Most of the patients (85.4%) of the current study had no comorbidities and 14.6% have one or more comorbidities. And that was similar to studies conducted by in Bangladesh and India. 19, 24 Higher percentages of comorbid patients were observed in studies conducted by . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) 21, 27, 23, 28 Hypertension (10.1%) and diabetes mellitus (5.02%) were the most common comorbidities found in current research and that was concordance with relevant literatures. 19, 21, 22, 23, 24 Severity of COVID-19 was categorized as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical. 29 Most of the patients of this study was diagnosed as mild case (83.1%) which mimic the findings of other studies. 9, 10, 13, In current study, 3.7% of patients were asymptomatic but other studies found proportion of asymptomatic patients was ranging from 10.4% to 57.8%. 19, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30 Among the symptomatic patients, the most frequent presentation was fever (84.5%), followed by dry cough (46.6%), sore throat (19.6%), headache (18.3%), body ache (17.8%), loss of appetite (15.5%), tiredness (15.5%) and anorexia (14.2%). These patterns of symptoms were closely similar to several studies done in home and abroad. 13, 19, 21, 22, 23, 28, 26, 31 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted February 15, 2022. patients admitted in a combined military hospital in Bangladesh. The characteristic findings were younger age, male predominance, less presence of comorbidites, mild cases, high proportion of symptomatic patients, and fever and cough as the most common presenting features. . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. 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