key: cord-0887062-y17cqn1d authors: Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; Meyer, Christian G. title: Mild versus severe COVID-19: laboratory markers date: 2020-04-25 journal: Int J Infect Dis DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.061 sha: c1a2918342aabddbe32aa383b13b82186b7533ea doc_id: 887062 cord_uid: y17cqn1d Abstract The number of COVID-19 patients is increasing dramatically worldwide and treatment in intensive care units (ICU) has become a major challenge, the early recognition of severe forms of is absolutely essential for timely triaging of patients. While the clinical status, in particular Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels and concurrent comorbidities of COVID-19 patients largely determines the need of their admittance to ICUs, several laboratory parameters may facilitate the assessment of disease severity. In hospitalized patients, clinicians should consider low lymphocyte count as well as the serum levels of CRP, D-dimers, ferritin and IL-6 which may be used in risk stratification to predict severe and fatal COVID-19. The more several or all of these parameters are altered, the more likely it is that the course of the disease will be unfavourable. An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice. Among haematological parameters, lymphopenia is clearly associated with disease severity; 88 patients who died from COVID-19 had significantly lower lymphocyte counts than survivors. In fact, repletion of lymphocytes may be an important factor for recovery [3] . Other blood 90 cells, including white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, platelets and CD8 cell counts were 91 partly only predictors in discriminating mild from severe COVID-19 (Table1); their 92 significance is still ambiguous. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was elevated 93 in ICU patients and significantly associated with the severity of disease (Table1). Patients with severe COVID-19 appear to have signs of liver dysfunction more frequently 96 than those with milder disease. An increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate 97 aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin levels has been observed among many ICU 98 patients [4] ( Table 1) An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file. Purchase a license to generate PDF files without this notice. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel 161 coronavirus in Wuhan, China Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult 163 inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study COVID-19, ECMO, and lymphopenia: a word of caution Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal-oral 170 transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible? Clinical predictors of mortality due to 172 COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive 173 Care Med COVID-19: 175 consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with 177 poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus 180 disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 183 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Clinical Features of 69 Cases with 187 Coronavirus Disease Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Laboratory Data 189 Determinations for Patients with the Severe COVID-19 Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 191 pneumonia in Wuhan, China novel coronavirus patients' clinical 193 characteristics, discharge rate and fatality rate of meta-analysis An evaluation version of novaPDF was used to create this PDF file Comparison of the clinical characteristics between 195 RNA positive and negative patients clinically diagnosed with Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress 198 Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV 201 infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 204 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family 205 cluster Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with 207 SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers Analysis of myocardial 211 injury in patients with COVID-19 and association between concomitant 212 cardiovascular diseases and severity of COVID-19 Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with 215 SARS-CoV-2 infection All authors have an academic interest and contributed equally. TPV is a member of the Pan 136 African Network for Rapid Research, Response, and Preparedness for Infectious Diseases