key: cord-0887128-cuej6d4n
authors: Okechukwu, Chidiebere Emmanuel
title: Potential Biomarkers for Defining the Severity, Progression, and Survival from COVID-19
date: 2021-07-09
journal: Int J Prev Med
DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_444_20
sha: 531753dc48e8d90a244989900e3d6a3f6cf7b4d5
doc_id: 887128
cord_uid: cuej6d4n

nan

According to Yang et al. [2] clinical levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-3, Interferon gamma -induced protein 10 (CXCL10), Monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, and hepatocyte growth factor which were shown to be extremely linked to severity during disease progression, were elevated in critically ill COVID-19 patients, and constant rise in these biomarkers mostly CXCL10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 were associated with severe progression of COVID-19, and fatality in COVID-19 patients. Laboratory biomarkers of cardiac and muscle impairment were high in patients with both severe and fatal cases of COVID-19, most patients who died of COVID-19 had higher cardiac troponin level, hence signifying possible viral myocarditis, progression of cardiac injury and multiple organ failure (MOF), mostly kidney and liver failure. [3] There were also notable increases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels which are important liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine levels, which are important biomarkers of renal function, and coagulation factors in critically ill COVID-19 patients. [3] However, there were significant rises in the levels of immunologic biomarkers mostly IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and serum ferritin, in dead and severe COVID-19 patients. [3] According to Ponti et al. [4] the development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and cytokine-mediated coagulation disorders are the main factors responsible for MOF in patients with acute COVID-19 complications.

In conclusion, in order to determine the severity of COVID-19, rate of progression, recovery, and survival among patients with COVID-19, the above-mentioned inflammatory, immunologic, biochemical, and hematological biomarkers should be checked constantly, because these biomarkers provide useful information to the clinicians regarding the stage of COVID-19, and the treatment plan to be adopted for several COVID-19 patients.

The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19-A systematic review

Plasma IP-10 and MCP-3 levels are highly associated with disease severity and predict the progression of COVID-19

Hematologic, biochemical and immune biomarker abnormalities associated with severe illness and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis

Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression