key: cord-0938822-jainvoec authors: Finsterer, J.; Scorza, F. A.; Scorza, C. A.; Fiorini, A. C. title: What the neuroradiologist should additionally consider in SARS-CoV-2 infection date: 2020-11-18 journal: Emerg Radiol DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01872-4 sha: 6da0a5fcd74c91bc1431734f1e16835e128cf4c9 doc_id: 938822 cord_uid: jainvoec nan the emergency neuroradiologist should consider cerebral vasculitis as an early manifestation of COVID-19. Another cerebral disease occasionally occurring in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is cerebellitis [6] . Cerebellitis was reported in a 47-year-old male from Wuhan in whom cerebral MRI showed edema of the cerebellar hemispheres associated with leptomeningeal enhancement [6] . SARS-CoV-2associated cerebellitis manifests on FDG-PET as hypometabolism [7] . A third cerebral SARS-CoV-2-associated condition is acute cerebral demyelination, as has been reported in a 54year-old female [8] . Among spinal cord manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, neuroradiologists should consider myelitis. Though myelitis has been reported in only single patients, it should not be missed, as delayed treatment may have strong implications on the outcome. In a 61-year-old female with COVID-19, spinal MRI revealed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis [9] . The patient profited from repeated rounds of plasma exchange [9] . In addition to several other cases with SARS-CoV-2-associated myelitis in adults [10, 11] , SARS-CoV-2associated myelitis has been also reported in children [12] . A fifth neurological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 not mentioned in the review is polyradiculitis (Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)). Though not necessarily diagnosed upon neuroradiological investigations, but rather upon cerebro-spinal fluid investigations, and nerve conduction studies, GBS should be considered by neuroradiologists not only because it is increasingly recognized [13] but it may show up on spinal MRI as thickening and enhancement of anterior and dorsal nerve roots [14] . Overall, the spectrum of neurological disorders that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and that require neuroradiological work-up is broader than presented in this review. Not only cerebral manifestations but also spinal cord manifestations should be considered as early neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2. Neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19: what the emergency radiologist needs to know Cerebrovascular disease in patients with COVID-19: neuroimaging, histological and clinical description. Brain awaa239 Case of adult large vessel vasculitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study COVID-19 neurologic complication with CNS vasculitislike pattern A first case of acute cerebellitis associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a case report and literature review Autoimmune encephalitis concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 infection: insight from 18 F-FDG PET imaging and neuronal autoantibodies COVID-19-white matter and globus pallidum lesions: demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? Acute necrotizing myelitis and acute motor axonal neuropathy in a COVID-19 patient Acute transverse myelitis in COVID-19 infection Acute myelitis as a neurological complication of Covid-19: a case report and MRI findings Transverse myelitis in a child with COVID-19 COVID-19 polyradiculitis in 24 patients without SARS-CoV-2 in the cerebro-spinal fluid Immune-mediated neurological syndromes in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients