key: cord-1053993-45xchunz
authors: Aanniz, Tarik; Ouadghiri, Mouna; Bendahou, Mohammed Amine; Chemao-Elfihri, Mohammed Walid; Chenaoui, Mohamed; Dakka, Hanae; Allaoui, Afaf; Touzani, Otmane; Benaouda, Amina; Belefquih, Bouchra; Amzazi, Saaïd; Belyamani, Lahcen; Ibrahimi, Azeddine
title: First Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequence with a Spike His69-Val70 Deletion and an Asn439Lys Mutation in Morocco
date: 2021-03-18
journal: Microbiol Resour Announc
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00027-21
sha: 4af8435b89bfc40a1eb7b91bbbd9d902765b3472
doc_id: 1053993
cord_uid: 45xchunz

We report the nearly complete genome sequence and the genetic variations of a clinical sample of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) collected from a nasopharyngeal swab specimen from a male patient from Harhoura-Rabat, Morocco. The sequence, which was obtained using Ion Torrent technology, is valuable as it carries a recently described deletion (His69-Val70) and substitution (Asn439Lys).

T he pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread worldwide. The use of genomic data in conjunction with epidemiological data can facilitate early decisions for the control of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to the Betacoronavirus genus and Coronaviridae family (1) (2) (3) . We used the Ion S5 next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to detect new mutants that are currently spreading and attracting interest in Europe, mainly in the United Kingdom, and in South Africa (4) (5) (6) .

A clinical sample of SARS-CoV-2 was collected in December 2020 by BioLife Laboratory (Harhoura-Rabat, Morocco) from a nasopharyngeal swab specimen from a male patient from Harhoura-Rabat, Morocco. RNA extraction was performed using the MagaBio plus virus DNA/RNA purification kit II (BioFlux, China). The patient was initially identified as positive for COVID-19 by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and exhibited cycle threshold (C T ) values of 22.31, 27.24, and 23.53 for the N, RdRp, and E genes, respectively. Then, the cDNA was prepared using the SuperScript VILO cDNA synthesis kit (Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Fifteen microliters of cDNA was used to prepare a SARS-CoV-2 library by using an Ion AmpliSeq kit for Chef DL8 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The library was adjusted to 30 pM and then loaded onto an Ion Chef instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific) for emulsion PCR, enrichment, and loading onto an Ion 530 chip. WGS was performed using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 research panel designed by Thermo Fisher Scientific for complete viral genome sequencing according to the instructions for use on an Ion GeneStudio S5 Prime Series system. Raw data were analyzed using Torrent Suite software v5.12.0, and the NGS QC Toolkit v 2.3.3 was used to remove low-quality and short reads. Variant Caller Our findings allowed us to obtain a SARS-CoV-2 genome of 29,826 bp from 1,392,344 reads; 1,373,947 reads were mapped, covering 98.42% of the total genome with a mean depth of 8,863Â. The DNA G1C content was 37.99%. Genetic variant analysis revealed a total of 21 mutations, including 7 synonymous and 10 missense variants ( Table 1 ). The spike harbored the disruptive in-frame deletion known as the His69-Val70 deletion. Moreover, an upstream open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) mutation at position 241, an upstream ORF8 mutation at position 27800, and a downstream S mutation at position 29734 were reported ( Table 1) .

The His69-Val70 deletion (spike N-terminal domain) cooccurring with the Asn439Lys mutation (spike receptor binding domain) in the studied case was not reported in Morocco previously. The His69-Val70 deletion is one of the mutations reported for new emergent lineages primarily identified in the United Kingdom, while Asn439Lys was primally reported in Scotland and is now spreading worldwide. Many studies reported that both mutations enhanced binding affinity for the hACE2 receptor, increasing transmissibility, while showing similar clinical outcomes and in vitro replication fitness, compared to the wild-type strain (8) (9) (10) .

Data availability. The consensus sequence generated by IRMAreport v1.3.0.2 was deposited in the GenBank and GISAID databases under the accession numbers MW453084 and EPI_ISL_728353, respectively. The raw reads were deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) under the accession number SRR13444960.

This work was carried out under national funding from the Moroccan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (COVID-19 program) to A.I. This work was also supported by a grant from the Moroccan Institute of Cancer Research and the PPR-1 program to A.I.

We declare no competing interests. 

Genomic diversity and hotspot mutations in 30,983 SARS-CoV-2 genomes: moving toward a universal vaccine for the "confined virus

Genome sequences of six SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Morocco, obtained using Oxford Nanopore MinION technology

Large scale genomic analysis of 3067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes reveals a clonal geo-distribution and a rich genetic variations of hotspots mutations

Whole-genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 isolate Siena-1/2020

Two SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences of isolates from rural U.S. patients harboring the D614G mutation

Coding-complete genome sequences of 23 SARS-CoV-2 samples from the Philippines

Evaluation of the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 research panel by massive parallel sequencing

Recurrent emergence and transmission of a SARS-CoV-2 Spike deletion H69/V70

Genomic epidemiology reveals multiple introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from mainland

Circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike N439K variants maintain fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity