The chronicles of England with the deeds of pope's and emperors/ and also the description of England.  
 blazon or coat of arms  

Hec rosa virtutis de celo missa sereno. Eternan florins regia sceptra feret.   blazon or coat of arms   

Tabula.  

¶ Here beginneth a short and a breve Table/ for to 〈…〉 whereof any man shall please him to read in this book.  

Folio prim●.  
The Prologue.   

Folio two  
The work of the first uj days.  
Adam the first man.  
Eva the first woman.  
Seth sone to Adam.  
Delbora sister to Abel.  
Abel sone to Adam.  
cain and Calmana sister and wife to cain.  
Enos.  
Chanam.  
Mala●eel/ jareth/ Enoch/ of the line of Chryst.  
Matusale/ Lameth of Christ's line.   

Folio three  
Tubal the first graver.  
jabe found the first pavilions.  
jubal found the first craft to play upon instruments.  
Neoma found first giving.  
No/ the ship/ the rainbow.  
Cham/ Sem/ and japhet noah's sons.  
Arphaxat and his children.  
Thus and his children.  
Sale and his sone.  
Never and his children.   

Folio four  
Phaleg.  
jacten/ Nembroth/ and Sulph●● were the builders of the Court of Babylon.  
How gentlemen began.  
S●eak of Christ's line.  
Belus king of Babylon.  
Ninus king of Babylon.   

Folio .v.  
There of the line of Chryst.    

¶ Here beginneth the history of the holy patriarchs/ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉.  

Folio .v.  
Abraham and his brethren with they● progeny.  
Abraham's wives.  
Melchisedech king of Salem.  
Semiramis king of Babylon.  
Ninus king of Babylon.  
Arrius king of Babylon.  
Ysaac of the line of Chryst/ and of his wives and his sons.  
Of Gomo●ra/ and of the wife of Lo●●.  
jacob of the line of Chryst/ and of his wives and progeny.  
Xerses king of Babylon.  
Armavietre was king after him.  
Belocus king of Babylon.  
Inachus the first king of Grece.  
Phoromius was king after him.  
judas of the line of Chryst.   

Folio vi  
Belus king of Assuriorum.  
Athlas an astronomer.  
Sarapis king of Greeks.  
Argus' king of Greeks.  
Oniogires put first oxen to the plough.  
Belus king of Babylon.  
Pharaoh king of Egypte.  
Amithus king of Babylon.  
Pharaoh king of Egypte.  
Aram of Christ's line.  
job the holy man.  
Moses' the judge of Israel.  
Aaron the bishop.  
Dafrus' king of Babylon.  
Cy●rops king of Athenes.  
Amynadab of Christ's line.  
Moses' the first judge.  
Aaron the first bishop.  
Pharaoh king of Egypte.  
Nason sone to Amynadab.  
When the 〈◊〉 of god was given in the hill of ●ynay.  
Salmen of the line of Chryst.  
〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉.  
Elea●ar bishop.  
Othonyell judge.  
Aoth judge.  
jonas the first king of italy.  
Amictus king of Babylon.  
Boos of the line of Chryst.   

Folio vij  
Sanger judge.  
Delbora judge.  
Phenies bishop.  
Saturnus king of italy.  
Picus king of italy.  
Gedeon judge.  
Bocci bishop.  
Abimalech judge.  
Tola judge.  
Bocci bishop.  
jaer judge.  
Fanus king of italy.  
Latinus king of italy.  
Tauranus king of Babylon.  
Lainydon king of Troy.  
The new sins of Israel.  
Ozy bishop.  
Ebassam judge.  
Abialon judge.  
Abdon judge.  
Achamanis king of Assecium.  
Agamenon king of Grece.  
Aeneas' king of italy.  
Vlixes an eloquent man.  
Obeth of the line of Chryst.  
Samson judge.   

Folio eight  
jesse of the live of Chryst.  
Saul king of Israel.  
Ascanius' king of italy.  
Silvius king of italy.  
Venyse and Padua were builded.  
Homer the great poet.    

¶ Here beginneth the second part/ 〈◊〉 of the kingdom of britain.  

Folio eight  
●●●●ne the first woman 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉   

Folio ix  
Brute king of britain.   

Folio xu  
Lotryn king of britain.  
Madan king of britain.  
David king of Israel.   

Folio xiij  
Mempris king of britain.  
Solomon king of peace.  
Sadoch bishop.  
Roboas king of peace.  
Achimias bishop.  
jeroboas king of Israel.  
Abdias king of jews.  
Asa king of jews.  
Azarias bishop.  
Basa king of Israel.  
Hela king of Israel.  
Amri king of Israel.  
Archa king of Israel.  
Ebrac king of britain.  
Brute Greneshelde king of britain.  
Leyll king of britain.   

Folio xiiij  
josaphat king of jews.  
Helyas the great prophet.  
Machias and Abdias prophets.  
Ochosias' king of Israel.  
Lud Ludibras king of britain.  
Bladud king of britain.  
joram king of jews.  
When Helyas was ravished into paradise.  
Ochosias' or Asarias' king of jews.  
Achalia queen of jews.  
joram king of Israel.  
Jehen king of Israel.  
Athalia mother to Azari king of jews  
joam king of jews.  
joathas king of Israel.  
joam king of Israel.  
Leyr king of britain.   

Folio xu  
Amasias king of jews.  
jeroboam king of Israel.  
Ozias king of jews.  
Ozee bishop and prophet.  
joel/ Ananias/ and Abdias prophets.  
zacharias king of Israel.  
Phaseia king of Israel.  
Phase king of Israel.   

Folio xuj  
Morgan & Conedag kings of britain.  
Reynolde/ Gorbodian/ Ferres & Portes kings of britain.  
How four kings held all britain/ and of their names.  
Scatter and Dawalyer kings.  
Rudac and Cloten kings.  
Dovebant king of britain.   

Folio xvij  
Brenne and Belyn kings of britain.   

Folio xviij  
Cormbratus king of britain.  
joathan king of jews.  
Amarias' bishop.  
Olimpias were set in Grece.  
Acham king of jews.  
Achitob bishop.  
Ozee king of Israel.    

¶ Here beginneth the third part/ and continueth unto the nativity of Chryst.  

Folio xviij  
Rome was builded by Romulus.  
Ezechias king of jews.  
Sadoch bishop.  
Manasses king of jews.   

Folio xix  
Sellum and Echias bishops.  
Numa king of Rome.  
Amon king of jews.  
josias king of jews.  
Azastas' bishop.  
Tobias the holy man.  
Tulius king of Rome.  
Nabugodonosor king of Babylon.  
Ancus king of Rome.  
Danyell the prophet.  
joathas king of jews.  
joachim king of jews.  
Samias' bishop.  
joachim king of jews.  
Sedechias king of jews.  
josedech bishop.  
Abacuk prophet.  
The transmygration.  
Priscus Torquinus king of Rome.  
Nabugodonosor and Enylmerodach kings of Babylon.   

Folio twenty  
How the play of Chess was found.  
Salathiel of the line of Chryst.  
Servius Tulius king of Rome.  
Regusar/ Sabusardach and Balthasar kings of Babylon.  
Monarchia Persarum.  
Darius' king of Babylon.  
Cyrus' emperor of Perses.  
Babylon was destroyed.  
Tarquinus superbus king of Rome.  
Lucre's a wife.  
How the governance of Rome was changed after the kings.  
Historia libri Esore.  
zorobabel the duke.  
Esoras' priest.  
Cambyses king of Perses.   

Folio xxi  
Enereides & Darius' kings of Perses  
Abiuth of the line of Chryst.  
joachim bishop.  
Senators of Rome were ordained.  
Arthararses & zerses kings of pierce.  
Segdianus king of pierce.  
Elyac of the line of Chryst.  
Esoras' an holy man.  
Neemias' the butler.  
Permenides/ Socrates/ Democritus/ and hippocras philosophers.  
Azor of the line of Chryst.  
Elyasyb bishop.  
Camillus' dictator of Rome.  
Darius' king of pierce.  
Plato a philosopher.  
Titus' dictator of Rome.  
Gayus a Senator.  
Marcus Valerius a Senator.  
Artaxerses/ Arsamus/ & Darius' kings of pierce.  
jodas and johannes bishops.  
Aristoteles & Socrates philosophers.  
Guentholen/ Seysell/ kymor/ Howan/  
Morwith kings of britain.   

Folio xxij  
Grandobodiam/ Artogaill/ and Hesyder kings of britain.  
How xxxiij kings reigned in peace each after other in britain.  
Lud king of britain.  
Sadoch of the line of Chryst.  
judas bishop.   

Folio xxiij  
Aeneas' bishop.  
Manilius & Fabius consuls of Rome.  
Monarchia Grecorum.  
Alexander king.  
Achym of the line of Chryst.  
Simon and Eleazarus bishops.  
Dolabella/ Emilius/ Marcus/ Curius/  
Genutius consuls of Rome.  
Ptholomeus king of Egypte.  
Eliud of the line of Chryst.  
Omias and Simon bishops.  
Sempronius/ Appius/ Claudius/ and many moo Senators of Rome.  
Ptholomeus king of Egypte.  
Hanyball king of Penorum.   

Folio xxiiij  
Lucacius/ Simpronius/ Valerius etc.  
were consuls at Rome.  
Epiphanes king of Egypte.  
Antrochus king of Sir.  
Ouias and Simon bishops.  
Eleazar of the line of Chryst.  
Onias' bishop.  
Paulus/ Scipio/ Senators of Rome.  
Philometor king of Egypte.  
Mathathias an holy man.  
judas Machabeus and jonathas his brother bishops.  
Antiochus' king of Syrry.  
Quintus Marchus and Tiberius were Senators of Rome.  
Mathon of the line of Chryst.  
Simon and johannes bishops.  
Publius/ Lucius/ Lucius and Lucius Senators of Rome.   

Folio xxv  
Ptholomeus king of Egypte.  
Aristobolus king and priest.  
Alexander bishop.  
servius/ Lucius/ Fabius Senators of Rome.  
Ptholomeus king of Egypte.  
jacob of the line of Chryst.  
Alexandra wife and bishop.  
Hircanus' king of jews.  
Virgyll the great poet.  
Oratius and Salustius historicus.  
Quintus & Gayus consuls of Rome.  
Pompeius'/ Marcus/ and julius were dictators of Rome.   

Folio xxuj  
Cathon philosopher.  
Cassybolon king of England.  
Andragen king of England.  
joseph of the line of Chryst.  
Anthigonus' bishop.   

Folio xxvij  
Titus Livius and Ovidius historicus.  
octavian emperor.  
The husbands of saint Anne.  
Herode Ascolonita king of jews.  
Kymbalyn king of England.    

¶ Here beginneth the fourth part/ & continueth unto the coming of the Saxons.  

Folio xxvij  
The nativity of Chryst.   

Folio xxviij  
Anninus Rufus/ and Valerius Gracius bishops.  
Pylatus the judge.  
Of Pilate'S nativity.  
ovidius Naso.  
Tiberius' emperor.  
Mathias the apostle.  
judas Scaryoth.   

Folio xxix  
The making of the Credo.  
The four evangelists.  
Peter the first pope.  
Gayus emperor.  
Gynder king of England.   

Folio xxx  
Armager king of England.  
Westmer king of England.  
Coyll king of England.   

Folio xxxj  
Claudius' emperor.  
james the more the apostle.  
Nero emperor.  
Seneca Nero's master.  
Iwenalis' and Lucanus poets.  
james the less the apostle.  
Linus a martyr and pope.  
Galba emperor.  
Otho emperor.  
Vitellus emperor.  
Vaspasianus emperor.  
Cletus a martyr and pope.  
Titus' emperor.   

Folio xxxij  
Domician emperor.  
Clemens a martyr and pope.  
Nerua emperor.  
Traianus emperor.  
Anacletus a martyr and pope.  
Plinius Orator.  
Evaristus a martyr and pope.  
Alexander a martyr and pope.  
Sixtus a martyr and pope.  
Adrianus and Eustachius emperors.  
Thelesphorus a martyr and pope.   

Folio xxxiij  
Ignius a martyr and pope.  
Antonius' emperor.  
Pompeius' hystoriographus.  
Pius a martyr and pope.  
Anicetus a martyr and pope.  
Galienus a leech.  
Marcus and Lucius emperors.  
Lucy king of England.  
Asclepades king of England.  
Coyll king of England.   

Folio xxxiiij  
Constance king of England.  
Constantyne king of England.  
octavian king of England.  
Maximyan king of England.   

Folio xxxv  
Of the xj thousand virgins.  
Gracian king of England.   

Folio xxxuj  
Constantyne king of England.  
Constance king of England.  
Sother a martyr and pope.  
Eleutherius a martyr and pope.   

Folio xxxvij  
Marcus Antonius and Lucius Comodius were emperors.  
Helius emperor.  
Victor a martyr and pope.  
zepherinus a martyr and pope.  
Origenes the noble clerk.  
Calistus a martyr and pope.  
Anthonuis emperor.  
Antonius' Marcus emperor.  
Alysaunder emperor.  
Vrbanus a martyr and pope.  
Poncianus a martyr and pope.  
Anteros a martyr and pope.  
Maximianus emperor.  
Gordian emperor.  
Phylyp emperor.  
Decius' emperor.  
Fabianus a martyr and pope.  
Cornelius a martyr and pope.  
Lucius' pope.  
Gallus and V 〈…〉 sianus emperors.  
Valerian emperor.  
Stephanus a martyr and pope.  
Sixtus a martyr and pope.  
Dionysius a martyr and pope.   

Folio xxxviij  
Felix a martyr and pope.  
Claudius' emperor.  
Euticianus a martyr and pope.  
Aurelius' emperor.  
Tacitus emperor.  
Probus emperor.  
Carus and his two sons emperors.  
dioclesian emperor.  
Maximyan emperor.  
Gaius pope and martyr.  
Arcellinus a martyr and pope.  
Marcellus a martyr and pope.  
Eusebius a martyr and pope.  
Melchiades a martyr and pope.  
Galerius emperor.  
Silvester pope.  
Constantyne emperor.  
Saint Nycolas.  
Anastasius bishop/ & he made Quicuuque vult saluus esse.  
Marcus' pope.  
julius pope.  
Constantinus emperor.   

Folio xxxix  
Liberius pope.  
Felix pope.  
julianus apostata emperor.  
jominianus emperor.  
Valentinian emperor.  
Damacius pope.  
Valens emperor.  
Augustinus rethoricus.  
Siritius pope.  
Theodosius emperor.  
Claudius' poeta.  
Arcadius' emperor.  
Honorius emperor.  
Iherom the doctor.  
Saint Heracidus.  
johannes Crisostomus.  
Anastasius pope.  
Innocencius pope.  
zozimus pope.   

Folio xl  
Bonifacius pope.  
Celestinus pope.  
Theodosius emperor.  
Sixtus and Leo pope's.  
Marcianus and Valentinianus emperors.    

¶ Here beginneth the .v. part/ & continueth unto the coming of the Daues.  

Folio xl  
Engyst.   

Folio xlj  
Vortiger king of England.  
Vortimer king of England.   

Folio xliij  
Aurilambros king of England.   

Folio xlv  
Vterpendragon king of England.   

Folio xlvij  
Arthur king of England.   

Folio lij  
Constantyne.  
Adelbryght.  
edel/ all kings of England.   

Folio liij  
Curan.  
Conan.  
Cortyf.  
Gurmonde/ all kings of England.   

Folio liiij  
Adelbryght.  
Sicwith.  
Elfryde.  
Brecinall/ all kings of England.   

Folio lu  
Cadewan.  
Oswalde.  
Oswy.  
Edwin.  
Cadwalyn/ all kings of England.   

Folio luj  
Cadwaldre king of England.   

Folio lvij  
Offa.  
Osbryght.  
Ell/ all kings of England.   

Folio lviij  
Saint Edmonde.  
Edelf.  
Eidred/ all kings of England.    

¶ Here beginneth the pope's and emperors & other notable things in the time of the Saxons being in England.  

Folio lviij  
Leo the first emperor.  
Leo pope.  
Hilarius pope.  
Simplicius pope.  
zeno emperor.  
Felix pope.  
Gelacius pope.  
Anastasius emperor.  
Anastasius pope.  
Simachus pope.   

Folio lix  
Clodianus king of France.  
Hornusda pope.  
justinus emperor.  
Priscianus grammaticus.  
johannes pope.  
Felix the fourth pope.  
justinianus emperor.  
Bonifacius pope.  
johannes the second pope.  
Agapitus a confessor pope.  
Silverius a martyr pope.  
Virgilius' pope.  
Synodus quarta.  
Pelagius pope.  
johannes the third pope.  
justinus the second emperor.  
Tiberius' the second emperor.  
Benedictus pope.  
Pelagius emperor.  
Maurcius emperor.   

Folio lx  
In what time saint Austyn came in to England.  
Focas emperor.  
Gregorius the first pope.  
Savinianus pope.  
Bonifacius the third pope.  
Bonifacius the fourth pope.  
Heraclius emperor.  
Deus dedit pope.  
Bonifacius the fifth pope.  
Machomyte the duke of saracens.   

Folio lxj  
Constantyne the third emperor.  
Martinus the first pope.  
Eugenius pope.  
Vitellianus pope.  
Adeodatus pope.  
Constantyne the fourth emperor.  
Demus a roman pope.  
Bonifacius pope.  
Agatho pope.  
Leo pope.  
Benedictus the second pope.  
justinianus the second emperor.   

Folio lxij  
johannes the fifth pope.  
zeno pope.  
Sergius pope.  
Saint Beda.  
Leo the second pope.  
Liberius emperor.  
Leo the third pope.  
johannes the sixth pope.  
johannes the seventh pope.  
justinianus emperor.  
Sysinius pope.  
Constantyne pope.  
Phylyp the second emperor.  
Anastasius the second emperor.  
Gregorius the second pope.  
Theodosius emperor.   

Folio lxiij  
Leo and Constantyne emperors.  
Gregorius the third pope.  
Constantinus emperor.  
zacharias pope.  
Stephanus the second pope.  
Paulus a roman pope.  
Constantyne the second pope.  
Karolus magnus.  
Stephanus the third pope.  
Adrianus pope.  
Leo the fourth pope.  
Constantinus emperor.   

Folio lxiiij  
Nichoferus emperor.  
Michael emperor.  
Karolus magnus the first/ a saint.  
Leo pope.  
Ludovicus emperor.  
Stephanus the fourth pope.  
Paschal pope.  
Eugenius the fourth pope.  
Vaientinus pope.  
Gregorius the fourth pope.  
Lotherius pope.  
Sergius the second pope.  
Leo pope.  
Benedictus a roman pope.   

Folio .lxv.  
Ludovicus emperor.  
johannes a woman pope.  
Nicolaus pope.  
Adrianus pope.    

¶ Here beginneth the uj part/ & continueth unto the coming of the Normans.  

Folio .lxv.  
Alured king of England.   

Folio lxuj  
johannes the eight pope.  
Karolus the second emperor.  
Martinus pope.  
Adrianus the third pope.  
Stephanus the fifth pope.  
Karolus the third emperor.  
Arnulphus emperor.  
Formosus pope.  
Bonifacius pope.  
Stephanus the sixth pope.  
johannes the ix and ten pope's.  
Theodorus pope.  
johannes the xj pope.  
Benedictus the fourth pope.  
Leo pope.  
Christoferus the first pope.  
Ludovicus the third emperor.  
Beringarius & Conradus emperors.  
Edward king of England.  
Sergius the third pope.  
Anastasius pope.  
Laudo and johannes pope's.   

Folio lxvij  
Henricus emperor.  
Adelstone king of England.  
Edmond king of England.  
Eldred king of England.  
Edwin king of England.  
Leo the sixth pope.  
Stephanus the vij and eight pope's.  
Martinus the third pope.  
Agapitus pope.  
johannes the twelve pope.   

Folio lxviij  
Edgar king of England.   

Folio lxviij  
Beringarius the third emperor.  
Lotharius emperor.  
Beringarius the fourth emperor.  
Leo the eight pope.  
johannes the xiij pope.  
Benedictus the sixth pope.  
Otto the first emperor.  
Otto the second emperor.   

Folio lxix  
Of saint Edward king of England and martyr.  
Eldrede king of England.  
Swine king of England and of Denmark.  
Bonus pope.  
Bonifacius pope.  
Benedictus pope.  
johannes the. xiv xu and xuj pope's.  
Gregorius the .v. pope.   

Folio lxx  
Otto the third emperor.  
Silvester the second pope.  
johannes the xviij and xix pope's.  
Henricus the first emperor.  
Benedictus pope.  
johannes the twenty pope.  
Knoght king of England.  
Edmond Irensyde king of England.   

Folio lxxj  
Knought king of England.  
Benedictus the ix pope.   

Folio lxxij  
Conradus emperor.  
Harolde king of England.  
Hardyknoght king of England.  
Of the villainy that the Danes did unto the englishmen.  
Of Godewyn the false traitor.  
Alured martyr.   

Folio lxxiij  
Silvester the third pope.  
Damasius the second pope.   

Folio lxxiij  
Saint Edward king of England and confessor.   

Folio .lxxv.  
Victor the second pope.  
Henry the second emperor.  
Stephanus the ix pope.  
Benedictus pope.  
Henricus the third emperor.  
Nicolaus the second pope.  
Alexander the second pope.  
Harolde king of England.    

¶ Here beginneth the vij part/ & continueth unto our days/ that is to say unto king Edward's regue the fourth the xxiij year.  

Folio .lxxv.  
William conqueror.   

Folio lxxuj  
Gregorius the vij pope.  
Victor the third pope.  
Vrbanus pope.   

Folio lxxvij  
William Rous king of England.  
Paschal pope.   

Folio lxxvij  
Henry Beauclerke king of England.   

Folio lxxviij  
Henricus the fourth emperor.  
Gelasius pope.  
Calixtus pope.   

Folio lxxix  
Honorius pope.  
Lotharius emperor.  
Hugo de sancto Victore.  
The order of saint john baptist.  
Innocentius pope.   

Folio lxxix  
Stephen king of England.   

Folio lxxx  
Celestinus the second pope.  
Lucius' pope.  
Eugenius the second pope.  
Petrus Lombardus bishop.  
Petrus Commestor.  
Fredericus the first emperor.  
Anastasius pope.   

Folio lxxx  
Henry the second king of England.   

Folio lxxxj  
Adrianus the fourth pope.  
Alexander the third pope.  
Lucius the third pope.  
Vrbanus the third pope.  
Gregorius the eight pope.  
Clemens the third pope.   

Folio lxxxi  
Richard the first king of England.   

Folio lxxxii  
Henricus the fifth emperor.  
Celestinus the third pope.  
Innocentius the third pope.  
William of Paris.  
Franciscus an Ytalyan.   

Folio lxxxij  
john king of England.   

Folio lxxxvij  
Fredericus the second emperor.  
Honorius the third pope.   

Folio lxxxvij  
Henry the third king of England.   

Folio lxxxix  
Gregory the ix pope.  
Celestinus the fourth pope.  
Innotentius the fourth pope.   

Folio. ixxxx.  
Thomas de Aquino.  
Albertus' magnus.  
Eustacius.  
Bonaventure.  
Alexander pope.  
Vrbanus pope.  
Richardus emperor.  
Clemens the fourth pope.  
Gregorius the ten pope.  
Innocentuis the .v. pope.  
Adrianus pope.  
johannes the xxi pope.  
Nicolaus the third pope.  
Rodulphus emperor.  
Martinus the fourth pope.  
Nicolaus de lyra.  
Honorius the fourth pope.  
Nicolaus the fourth pope.   

Folio. lxxxx.  
Edward the first king of England.   

Folio. lxxxxvij.  
Celestinus pope.  
Bonifacius pope.  
Benedictus the xj pope.  
Adulphus emperor.  
Albertus' emperor.  
Clemens pope.  
johannes the xxij pope.  
Henry the sixth emperor.   

Folio. lxxxxvij.  
Edward the second king of England.   

Folio. C ix  
Ludovicus emperor.  
john Mandevyll a doctor of physic and a knight.  
Benedictus pope.   

Folio. C ix  
Edward the third king of England   

Folio. C xxxij  
Clemens the sixth pope.  
Karolus the fourth emperor.  
Innocentius the sixth pope.  
Vrbanus the fifth pope.  
Gregorius the xj pope.  
Wenselaus emperor.  
Vrbanus pope.   

Folio. C xxxiij  
Bonifacius the ix pope.  
Richard the second king of England   

Folio. C xl  
Innocentius the vij pope.  
Robert emperor.  
johannes the xxiij pope.  
Sigismundus emperor.   

Folio. C xl  
Henry the fourth king of England.   

Folio. C xliiij  
Martin the fifth pope.  
Eugemus pope.   

Folio. C xliiij  
Henry the fifth king of England.   

Folio. C lj  
Felix the fifth pope.  
Albertus' emperor.  
Fredericus the third emperor.  
Nicolas the fifth pope.   

Folio. C lj  
Henry the sixth king of England.   

Folio. C lxij  
Calixtus the third pope.  
Where printing of books first began.  
Pius the second pope.   

Folio. C lxiij  
Paulus a venycyan pope.  
Sixtus the fourth pope.   
And in the latter end of these present chronicles been the descriptions of England/ Wales/ scotland & ireland.   
¶ Thus endeth the table of this book.   

The prologue.  
IN so moche that it is necessary to all creatures of christian religion/ or of false religion or gen tiles & machomytes to know their prince or prices that regne upon them/ & them to obey. So it is commodious to know their noble acts & deeds/ & the circumstance of their lives. Therefore in the year of our lord. M. cccc lxxxiij the xxij year of the regne of king Edward the fourth at saint Albon's/ so that all men may know the acts namely of our noble kings of england/ is come pyled together this book/ & more over is translated out of latin in to english/ fro the beginning of the world/ the lineage of Chryst from Adam till it be comen to Da vid/ & fro David/ the kings of israel & of jews/ the high bies; shops in their days with the judges & prophets. The four principal realines of the world/ that is to say Babylon/ Perce/ Grece/ & Rome/ & all the emperors of Rome & pope's by order/ & their names: & many a notable father: with certain of their acts/ as more plainly ensueth. And here been rehearsed the names of the auctors that translated these chronicles specially. Geffray Nummoth monk in his book of Brute/ saint Bede in the acts of england. Also Bede in his book of times. Gyldas in the acts of britain. William Malinesbury monk in the acts of kings of england & bishops. Cassiderus of the acts of emperors & bishops Saint Austin de ci. dei. Citus Livius de gestis romanorum. Martin penitentiary to the pope in his chronicles of emperors & bishops/ & namely Theobaldus cartusiensis containing in his book the progress of all notable faders/ fro the beginning of the world unto our time/ with the notable acts of the same. ¶ In this new translation are contained many notable & marvelous things/ & those been alleged by authority of many famous ●●●●kes. And that every man may know how these chronicles been ordered/ ye shall understand that this book is divided in to vij parts. Of the which the first part con teyneth from Adam till Brute came in to Britain. The second part containeth from Brute came first in to england unto the cite of Rome was builded by Romulus. The third part containeth sith Rome was builded unto Chryst was borne of our lady virgin mary. The fourth part from thence unto the coming of the saxons in to england: The .v. part from thence unto the coming of danes. The uj part from thence unto the coming of the normans. The .v. part fro the normans unto our time/ which is under the regne of king Edward the fourth. 〈◊〉. year/ whose noble chronicles by custom may not be seen. ¶ And so in every part of these vij parties be showed the most and necessary acts of all the kings of england/ & their names written above in the margin/ that every man may find them soon. And afore the kings of englondes acts been written/ there is written the lineage of Chryst from Adam till that christ was borne of our lady with the high bishops & judges that were in the time & certain of their acts necessary till it be comen where Chryst was borne & after that christ was borne & Peter was pope of Rome/ is showed by order the names of all the pope's & emperors of Rome afore & after/ with certain of their acts brevyately/ & many other dyvets things & marvels in those men's days falling. And it is showed every thing in his place/ how many year it fei after the beginning of the world/ & how long afore that Chryst was borne/ & when that I come to Chryst was borne/ than it is written how long any thing fell after the nativity of Chryst. And this is the order of this book/ & of things spoken of.  
ANd as to men desiring to have a very knowledge of these chronicles or of any other/ it is necessary to know uj things. ¶ The first is the states of things/ & those been two. One is fro the beginning of the world unto Chryst/ the which is called the state of deviacyon. The second is from Chryst to the end of the world/ the which is called the state of reconciliation. ¶ The second thing is the division of times/ & those been three. One is afore the law of Moses'/ & an other is under the law of Moses'/ an other is under the law of grace after Chryst died. ¶ The third is the governing of kingdoms. And as for that ye must know/ that though there were four prycipal kingdoms/ that is to say/ of Babylon/ of Persees/ of Greeks/ & of Romans. Nevertheless as to the course of the world/ & the order of holy scripture/ the first governing was under faders/ from Adam unto Moses. The second under judges/ from Moses unto Saul. The third under kings from Saul unto zonrobabel. The fourth under bishops/ from zorobabel unto Chryst. ¶ The fourth is the diversity of laws/ & those were five. The first was the law of nature/ & that was common to all men. The second is the law or custom of gentiles/ when that under king Nyno began the people to worship false gods. The third is under the law written rose the law of jews/ when circumcision divided the jews from other people. The fourth is under christ rose the law of christian men/ when faith and grace of the sacraments informed the life of men. The fifth is under Machomet rose the law of saracens & turks. ¶ The fifth is the nobleness or unnoblenes in deeds. And as to these/ it is to know that vij persons been red/ of whom the deeds many times are had in mind in histories. That is to wite of a prince in his realm/ of a knight in battle/ of a judge in his place/ of a bishop in the clergy/ of a politic man in the people/ of an husband man in the house/ & of an abbot in his church. And of these are written many times/ the laudes of good men/ and the punishments of the cursed men. ¶ The sixth is the true counting of the years. And to that/ it is to be known that there were viij. manner of numbering or counting of the years. Three after the Hebrews. Three after the Greeks. One of the romans. And one now is after the christian men. The Hebrews three manner of wise beginneth their year. After the Hebrews there is the year usual beginning at january/ the which they use in covenants and bargeyns making. And the year leeful beginning at March/ the which they use in their ceremonies. And the year Emergens from may beginning/ when they went from Egypte/ they use in their chronicles & calculations. ¶ The Greeks numbereth their years three manner of wise. first to the glory & joy of their victory counteth their years from the destruction of Troy. The first/ the second/ the third/ and the fourth. etc. ¶ Than after the chyvalry began at the hill of Olympus they notyfyed the years after the same Olimpiadun. And what Olympiad's is/ ye shall know after in the book. The third when they began to have lordship of all the world they notified their years these manner of wise. In the year of the regne of Greeks/ the fourth/ the ten the xu etc. as it is open in the book of Machabeorum. ¶ Than after the romans governing the world/ counted & numbered their years (ab urbe con dita). ¶ The last of all christen men counteth their years from the incarnation of Chryst. And because we been christen men we use most to number/ from the beginning of the world unto Chryst was borne. And fro Chryst was borne unto our tyme. And this order is observed & kept in all the book/ of every thing in his place/ as is said before.  
¶ Explicit prologus.   


¶ Hic incipit fructus temporum.  
Because of these books made to tell what time of any thing notable was. Therefore the beginning of all times shortly shall be touched. For the which after doctors it is to be known/ that four things were made first/ & in one time & of one age/ that is to wite/ the heaven imperial/ angels nature/ the matter of the four elements/ & tyme. And that doctors call work of the creation/ the which was made (afore any day or night) of the mighty power of god/ and was made of nothing. ¶ Than after followeth the work of division/ the which was made in three of the first days/ in which is showed the high wisdom of the maker. ¶ Than after followeth the arayenge of this work/ in the which is showed the goodness of the creator/ the which was made three of the next day following. Vt patet clare in textu gen i ¶ The first day god made & divided the light from the darkness. ¶ The second day god made & ordained the firmament/ & divided the water from the water. ¶ The third day god made in the which he gathered the waters in to one place/ and the earth though appeared. ¶ The fourth day god made/ in the which day he ordained the son/ the moan and the stars/ & put them in the firmament. ¶ The fifth day god made/ in the which he ordained fishes & fowls/ & great whales in the water. ¶ The sixth day god ordained/ in the which he made be'st & man. ¶ The vij day god made/ & in that day he rested of all works that he had ordained/ not as in working being weary/ but he ceased to make more new creatures. Vide pl’a ge● i  
Understand ye that Adam the first man/ of whom it is written in this first age next following lived ix hundred year and xxx And gate xxxij. sons/ and as many daughters.  

¶ Anno mundi primo. Et ante Christi nativitatem .v. M. C. lxxxxix.  
¶ Here beginneth the first age during unto the flood of Noe. 
Adam Eua.   
IN the first year of the world the sixth day god made and form Adam in the field damastene/ & Eva of his tybbes/ putting them in paradise/ & bade them to keep his commandment/ that they should not eat of the fruit of life under the pain of death. And the same day that they had sinned/ anon he cast them out of paradise in to the land of cursedness that they should live there with swearing & sorrow till they died. Vide pl’a ge●. 〈◊〉. ¶ This Adam was an holy man all the days of his life/ great penance daily he did. And he commanded his children to live ryghtwylly/ & namely that they should avoid in all wise from the company of Cayn & his children. Nor that they should not marry with none of them ¶ This man Adam was our first father & for one sin put us out of paradise. But through his holy conversation & penance/ he gave us ensample to come to the kingdom of heaven. And he that will not follow his holy conversation & example for one sin/ rightwisely he can not complain on him/ as we do many. ¶ Seth son to Adam was borne after the beginning of the world. C. and. thirty years/ & lived ix C. and twelve But Moses overskipped an hundred of those/ in the which Abel wept in the vale of ploration nigh Ebron. This Seth for the oil of mercy to be gotten went to paradise. ¶ Delbora was sister to Abel. Abel was slain of Cayn his brother. This Abel the first martyr began the church of god. This man after Austyn made the cite of god/ & he was the first citezyn of that cite. And because he was right wise/ our lord received his offering. ¶ Calmana was wife to cain. This cain was a cursed man/ & he made the first earthly cite that ever in this world was/ in that which he put his people for dread/ in so much as he used ravin & violence. For he trusted such thing to be done to him as he did to other/ therefore he put him and his in to a sure place. This man slew his brother Abel for envy/ and he was punished of god/ & wandered about in despair. And was slain of Lameth a blind man.   

¶ Anno mund. iiij. C xxxv Et ante xpi nativitatem four M ix C. lxxiiij.  
ENos of the line of Chryst lived ix. C. year & .v. And began to call the name of our lord. It might hap he found some words of prayer/ or made some images for god to be worshipped as now is in the church. Chanam lived after ix C. year and ten   

¶ Anno muudi. seven. C. lxxxxv. Et ante Christi nativitatem four M. iiij. C four  
MAlaleel of the line of Chryst lived. viij. C. &. lxxxxv. year. jareth of the line lived ix C. lxij. ¶ Enoch of the same line lived. iij. C. year .lxv. and was a rightwise man & pleased god. And for his great holiness our lord translated him in to paradise/ where he liveth with Hely in great rest of body & soul till the coming of antichrist. Than they shall go forth for the comfortacyon of good men. And they shall be crowned with the crown of martyrdom.  
MAtusale of Christ's line lived ix. C lxix year. And was the oldest man that ever any scripture hath mind of. For when he had lived nigh .v. C. year our lord said to him. Build the an house & thou wilt/ for yet thou shalt live five hundred year. And he answered & said. For so little a time as .v. hundred year I will build no house. But rested under trees and hedges/ and there slept/ as he was wont to do for a tyme.   

¶ Anno mundi. M. iiij. C liiij Et ante Christi nativitatem three M. seven. C xlv  
LAmeth was of the age of vii C lxxvij. year. This Lameth was the first against nature & good manners that ordained that a man might have two wives in doing his adultery. And he was sore punished of them/ for they gave him many a stripe. For it is so that by what thing a man sinned/ by the same he is punished. This Lameth slew cain not wilfully. But when he was old & blind he was lad of achylde the which trowed that he had seen a wild be'st/ & said to his master that he should shot/ & so he slew cain/ wherefore for anger he slew the child also. ¶ And it is to be known that all crafts or sciences liberal/ or hand crafts/ or of physic serving to the curiosity of man/ be red that they were founden in the children of Lameth. And for they dread the peril to come of the flood & of the fire. Therefore Tubal graved the same crafts in two pillars/ the one was of marble/ & that other of tile or brick. Tubal found first the craft to work gold & silver & iron. And was the first graver that ever was. ¶ Jabe found first tentoria for shepherds/ & pavilions for other men. ¶ jubal found first the craft to play upon an harp & organs/ & other musycal instruments he used. ¶ Noema found first the craft for to weave linen & woollen cloth/ & to draw thread of will & flax. And afore that time the people used the skins of beasts for their clothes.   

¶ Anno mundi. M. uj. C xlij Et ante Christi nativitatem three M .v. C. lvij.  
¶ Here beginneth the second age of the world during to Abraham. 
Noe.   
THe ship of Noah had in length iij. C. cubits/ in breed l in altitude xxx Vide pl’a gen uj ¶ Know ye after doctors/ that a convenient pain this time was ordained to the world. For than lechery habounded the which defouled men's bodies. And there by water the earth was washed & cleansed/ in sign of the promise that god made to man that there should never be such a flood again. And the rainbow hath two principal colours/ the which represent the two judgements. The water colour representeth the flood that is passed. The fire colour betokeneth the judgement to come/ & fire the which we certainly abide in the end of this world because covetise shall abound/ by fire it shall be brent/ as gold and silver by the fire is wont to be cleansed.  
THis Noah was a rightwise man & found grace anent god. When Noah was v c year of age he had gotten Cham/ Sem and japhet. That time by the commandment of god he began to make a ship/ & he made it perfit in an. C. year/ & the. C. year complete our lord appeared again to him & commanded that he with his wife & his children & the wives of them should enter the ship with all manner of beasts & all manner of fowls also. etc. And anon the flood came and stood above all hills. ●v. cubytes. Vide plura gen vij ¶ After the flood came great drunkenness ●e●yd unto Noe. And through the occasion of that drunkenness he blessed his two sons Sem and japhet/ for the faders honour that they had to him/ & for the honest shame that they covered meekly their faders membres when he was sleeping. And his son Cham for his scorning & his unreverence he cursed. ¶ And here after saint Austyn is made the first mention of bondage/ and of nobleness contrary to it. For Noah said that Cham should be servant in bondage to Sem and japhet for his ●ureuerence. Nevertheless ye shall not trow that all that descended of Cham were unnoble men/ & of no power. For they began first to be mighty men of the earth. As it is open of Nembroth and the king of Chanaan & Astorum. Nor all of Sem & japhet were virtuous & noble & mighty men/ when almost everichone fell unto the crime of idolatry/ and were oftentimes oppressed of other men. But this blessing and this cursing hath a respect to virtue & vice/ for that which a man is called truly a noble man or an unnobleman. For he that is virtuous is a noble man/ and he that is unvirtuous is not noble. The same manner of wise those that followeth the faith of Abraham rather were called his children than the jews/ the which carnally descended from him. Nevertheless they had a spiritual privilege of god for the faders merits and his blessing. And of these three sons of Noah he being alive (after the history of Philoms) were borne xxiiij M. and an. C. men/ without women and children. And they had on them three princes/ Nembroth/ jectan/ and Sulphen.   

¶ Anno mundi two M. ij. C xlij Et ante Christi nativitatem two M. uj. C lvij  
SEm sone to No the second year after the flood gate Arphaxat/ & otherwhile he is called Melchisedech/ the which first after the flood made the cite of Salem/ & now is called Iherusalem. ¶ Cham his brother obtained Afffrican/ & gate two sons/ Chus & Mesraym/ & these two gate sons & daughters/ and many a region they inhabited unknown to us in occidental ynde. ¶ japhet was brother unto Cham/ and was blessed of his father. And this japhet had seven sons/ as Gomor/ Magog/ Maday/ janam/ Tubal/ Mosog/ and Iras. And these vij gate sons & daughters/ and of them came many a region. Vide plura genesis xu ¶ Arphaxat soneto Sem lived. CCC. and thirty. year/ and gate Elam/ Assur/ Lude/ and Aram/ & they gate many children. Vt patet gene. ¶ This Assur because he would not rebel against god in the edifying of the tour of Babylon/ as Nembroth did/ therefore he was driven unto the land of Sennaar land/ which was right strange to him/ & was not before inhabited/ the which was called after his name Assuria/ and there he edified a cite afterward named niniue/ the which was the metropolytane of all the kingdom of Assuriorun. ¶ Chus son unto Cham was father to Nembroth/ this Nembroth was a giant of ten cubytes long/ and he began to be mighty in the world/ and he is called a boisterous hunter before god. This man began that wretched vice of covetousness by his tyranny/ with that which vice evermore after this world is fulfilled. And the pryncypallest kingdom that he had was Babylon/ & he had Archade/ Edyssa/ Selencia/ & the land of Sennaar. ¶ Sale son to Arphaxat lived CCCC. and xxxiij year/ and of him in scripture is nothing written/ but that Moses numbered him in the line that cometh of Chryst. This Sale ga●e a son that was named Heber/ the which after the Hebrews had the spirit of prophecy. And of this Heber the Hebrews been named. For the Hebrews tongue abode alone in his house in the confusion of the language. And that language was called man's language/ the which every man used afore the tour of Babylon was builded. ¶ This Heber had two sons/ and one was called jectan/ and that other Phaleg. This jectan through ensample of Nembroth descending fro Cham took the princehood upon the children of Sem. And he had xiij sons. But these people after Jerome are not known of us for fernes of the country/ or mutation and changing of the people/ or else of some other manner cause.   

¶ Anno mund. M. uj. C xliij Et ante Christi nativitatem two M .v. C. luj.  

¶ Turris Babilonis.   
Two hundred and xxxix year lived Phaleg. This Phaleg was the younger son of Heber/ & in his days was made the confusion of languages. For in his house abode the old tongue alone and that was hebrewe. Wherefore after saint Austyn/ in him appeared a great steadfastness of rightwiseness/ for this house was free of that pain/ as not consenting to the building of the tour. Et scomm Aug. there was lxxij generations/ & so there were lxxij languages ¶ jectan brother to Phaleg of Sem/ Nembroth prince of Cham/ Sulphen of japhet/ these three princes with their people gathered them together in the field of Sennaar/ dreading the flood to come again said. Let us build a tour that shall reach to heaven. etc. Gene. xj Our lord saying the foolishness of the people confounded their tongues for their sins In so moche that none understood other/ & so they were dispurpled through all the world. Of the malice of this Nembroth books been written full. And after the confusion of the language he went to the land of Perce/ and there he taught them to adore the fire as god. He left his son Belus in Babylon/ which succeeded after him. And so his progeny obtained that realm after many years. In this time began many kingdoms/ & the most of all those kingdoms was the kingdom of Scitarun. But there were so many rude people in it that the cite was no worshipped/ yet was it a mighty region of distance. And about this time began the kingdom of Egypte the which was changed many times with divers alterations/ & also it is spoken of many times in scripture. ¶ Nobleness or gentlemen began about this said time And this nobleness or gentlemen was ordained for many causes. ¶ The first cause was necessity/ for when mankind grew sore/ & men were prompt & ready to do hurt & damage to other/ it was very necessary to withstand the great malice of the cursed and wicked people against good & rightwise men. Thereof a man is called gentleman or a noble man as before other in virtues notable. whereof saint jerom saith. I see nothing else in nobleness/ or in gentlemen/ but that they are bound in a certain necessity that they shall not recede fro the virtue/ & the gen tylnes of their noble ancestors. ¶ The second was the divers worshipping of the people/ for no man worshipped than but as his natural reason gave/ & they knew not verily what they should worship/ for they were so dull of wit that they could ponder no great thing/ but that was published by the common people. Wherefore it was expedient for their peace to be kept that they should have princes of noble birth. ¶ The third cause precedeth of some singular strength Many times the comynaltees were grieved through enemies coming upon them & than they said that who somever wonlde defend them fro those perils/ he should have the right of nobleness for hymm & for his heirs for evermore. And in this manner of wise many are red to be noble men. ¶ The fourth cause of nobleness was abundance of goods. Sometime the people were holden with great penury of meet & drink/ & than they took them & theirs to some rich man/ that through that covenant they should tempre the great straightness of their hunger/ & after that they should know him as their lord & a noble man. Also there be found certain noble men by the ꝓuysyon of god/ though they were but few/ of that which some abode in virtue as david/ & some failed anon/ as Saul and Jeroboam. And it is red that many were noble men by tyranny/ of that which some were destroyed anon/ & some abode in stableness/ as paynims might.   

¶ Anno mundi two M ix C .v. Et ante Christi nativitatem two M. ij. C. lxxxxiiij.  
S●ruch lynially descended from our forefather Adam to Abraham. And Nachor was his son/ & he lived an. C. and xlviij year. And about this time idolatry began mightily. And if ye revolve & look the histories/ ye shall find that three things principally brought men to idolatry/ that is to wyt●/ the affection that they had to deed men. dread and flattering anent their princes. And the diligence of crafty men about sculptures or gravings. Wicked spirits than entered in to idols and gave answers unto the people/ and these wicked spirits confirmed the error of the people mightily. In so much that who somever would not confirm him to their reason/ he should grievously suffer the pain of death. Also there was added and put to these things/ the deceiving laud and praising of poets/ the which wretches and dampened men in to heaven with their gay writings exalted. And that same time when devils began to speak so fayrly and so meekly to man/ the good lord of his great mercy sent his angels/ that they should speak unto his elect men in visible manner/ le●st that all mankind should perish with that mischievous error. ¶ Belus son to Nembroth this time was king of Babylon/ & he was the first king of this world. And this man was he whom the error of the people first believed should be a god. Wherefore diverse people named him diversly/ and some called him Bell/ some Baal/ some Baalun/ some Beelphagor/ and some Beelsabub. And this unhappy error stood in mankind more than two thousand year. ¶ Ninus son to Belus the second king of Babylon or of Assuriorum reigned liiij year. And this Ninus desired to have lordship & worship/ and to that intent that he might be lord of all the country about him/ he gave battle to all that dwelled nigh about him. And because that time the people were rude/ and had not the cunning of fighting nor armure/ anon he subdued unto him all As●am. And there was made the first monarchy in the east part ye. And when his heart was sorry for the death of his father Belus/ he made to be made to him for his comfort an image of his father/ unto whom he gave so mighty reverence/ that what somever guilty man had fled to that image/ there should no man do him no hurt/ & he pardoned him of all his trespass. And through his ensample many a man began to worship the deed image of their dear friends. Than these malicious spirits saying the curiosity of the people/ hid them within them/ and gave answers unto the people & said they were gods. And commanded them to do reverence to them as unto gods. Thus that unhappy sin of idolatry was brought in/ the which repugned mightily to gods majesty. And in so much this madness grew/ that he should suffer the pain of death that said they were men but gods.   

¶ Anno mundi three M. C xiiij Et ante Christi nativitatem two M lxxxv.  
●Hare soon to Nachor lived. ij. C. and .v. year. This There after the death of Aram went from Vr of Called and passed in to Charram with his children & his nephews. And it is said/ because he would not worship the fire as Nembroth had taught/ he was banished the country. And the common opinion of the Hebrews is. Nembroth reigned there the which was called an other name/ Amraphel the king of Sennaar/ whom long time after this Abraham overcame. Vt dici● Genesis xiiij   

¶ Anno mund. M. C lxxxiiij Et aute Christi nativitatem two M xu  
¶ Here begynnth the third age of the World during to david. 
Abraham.   
THe devout & holy story beginneth here of holy partyarkes that which worshipped the very god and in their worshipping they taught it. Vide pl’a gen twelve 〈◊〉 ad finem. This Abraham a faithful lover of god was borne the xliij year of Ninus king of Babylon. And know ye that the lxxxv. year of Abraham by god's goodness the word of mercy descended on mankind/ for than began to appear the oraculus of the promise of god. Vide aug. xxj de 〈…〉. Iten ge. xu For this time appeared to us holy angels in form of mankind. Aram & Nachor were Abraham's brethren/ & Aram gate Loth a rightwise man & an holy. And he deserved to be v●sited with angels as his uncle Abraham was. And for this Loath Ibrahan smo●e iiij. kings/ for they took Loth. Genesis xiv. Of whom one was said to be N●roth/ but here he is called Amraphel. ¶ This Abraham had many wives/ as Sara and Agar. And his children and his brethren had many children. But for us the write crony●ies/ 〈◊〉 is not necessary to speak of all men but of the noble faders. Sed vide pl’a in fine ge●●. ¶ Me●chisedech this time was king of Salem. This man was called a right wise king/ for his exceeding holiness. And he offered breed & wine to Abraham/ in sign of a mystery. He was in like wise the priest of the high god. ¶ Semiramis the third king of Babylon ordained an army & went in to ind/ & obtained the country. And so by all Asyam & the kingdom of Assuriorum was dilated And he multiplied the cite of Babylon mightily/ and made walls about it. This Semiramis had a wife/ & he for soak her. And it is written that she was slain of her son Ninus/ because she provoked him to the v●leful concupiscence Sic di. Aug. xviij de ci. dei. And the master in his stories saith that she wedded her own son/ & he gate a child on her/ the which ordained Babylon to be the heed of all this realm. ¶ Ninus the fourth king of Babylon was son to great Ninus. Of this man little is written/ but that he slew his own mother/ as is said afore. ¶ Arrius was the fifth king of Babylon. And under him was borne Ysaac.  
ALso Ysaac son of Abraham of the line of Chryst lived. C lxxx year. This isaac had a wife called Rebecca/ and on her he gate two sons Esau & jacob. This Esau sold his inheritance to his brother jacob. And he was the father of Idumeorun/ & he had in possession the hill of Seyr/ & put first mares to asses/ whereof was engendered mules. ¶ About this time xxx lordship's and Gomorra for their horrible sin were overthrown. The wife of Loath looking backward/ turned in to a salt stone/ showeth that no man in the way of delyberation should desire things past. Hec Aug. de civitate dei.   

¶ Anno mund. M. iij. C xliiij Et ante Christi nativitatem. M. viij. C luj  
Jacob lived. C xlvij year. This jacob had four wives or some concubines/ that is to wite/ Lyam/ Balam/ zelpham/ & Rachel. Lyam was the first wife/ & she was blere eyed/ & she bore him vi sons. judas/ Reuben/ Simeon/ Levy/ Ysachar/ zabulon/ & a daughter that height Dyna. Bala servant to Lya & con cubyne to jacob bore him two sons/ Dan & Neptalim. Rachel the second wife to jacob was barren long time/ & at the last she bore him two sons/ joseph & Beniamyn. zelpha servant to Rachel ●are jacob two sons/ Gad & Asar/ & everich of these made a tribe/ of whom in this place is not necessary to speak. Vide pl’a in gen. ¶ joseph son to jacob was borne. lxxxx. year of his faders age & he lived. C. 〈◊〉. year. ¶ This time zerses was king of Babylon/ under whom was borne jacob/ & he was the seventh king of Babylon. ¶ Armaui●tre was king after him. And after saint Austin in the man's days our lord appeared to Ysaac ꝓmysing him those things that which he promised to his father. ¶ Belocus the ix king of Babylon was after this man. And under Belocus or in his time our lord spoke with jacob/ promising him that he had promised to his father the which were two. The possession of the land of ꝓmyssyon & Chanaam/ & the benediction of all the people in his seed/ that which is our lord jesus christ. ¶ Abraham about this time decesed/ & was buried in Nebron. ¶ Inachus the first king that ever was in Grece was this time/ for than the kingdom began. ¶ Phoromius was king after him/ & he ordained laws to the Greeks. etc.   

¶ Anno mund: iij. M. iij. C four Et ant● Christi nativitatem. M. seven. C. lxxxxix.  
I●●as sone of jacob descended of him/ & of this tribe of judas came the kings ꝓgenye/ & at the last Chryst our lord. judas gate Phares/ & Phares Esron/ & of these men little is had in scripture: but Matthew rehearseth them. ¶ Belus in this Phares days was king of Assuriorum/ or of Babylon/ & he was the ten king/ under whom Ysaac decesed. Athlas the great astronomer was this time/ that which is likened to bear up heaven on his shoulders/ because of his knowing in stars. ¶ Sarapis was the third king of Arguiorum/ or of Grecorun/ & this Sarapis was otherwise called Apis/ & he came in to Egypt with a mighty navy/ & there decesed/ and was made of the blind gentiles the egyptians the greatest god among them. And that time began a marvelous superstition in idolatry of a calf of two colours/ which they called Apem/ & the calf died/ the devils procured a like calf to that for to be made/ that they might deceive the rude people. And after that the children of israel did so in like wise (ut patz) And what thing could be more wretched or foolish in man having reason. ¶ Argus was the fourth king of Greeks/ after whom the noble cite of Argus took his name. Cicrophes edified Athenes in Grece/ & this cite was the nourisher of liberal science & of many philosophers/ yet they were deceived by devils/ & great supsticiosite in the cite was made (vide Augus. & mirabilem fabulam reꝑies) ¶ Omogires was the first man that put oxen to the plough. ¶ Belus this time was king of Babylon/ & he was the ten king of that region/ & under him died Ysaac. ¶ Pharaoh was king of Egypte/ which received joseph/ & exalted him for thinterpretacyon of his dreams (vide scinam pulcherrimanque historiam. gen xlij etc.) ¶ A●●thus was the xij. king of Babylon/ under whom died joseph a blessed man in chastity. ¶ Pharaoh Emonophis about Esdroms' days was king of Egypte/ & this Pharaoh knew not joseph/ ne none of his kindred/ & he commanded the children of israel to be drowned/ as it is had Exodi i ye clerks may look that book/ and we lay folk will look to cronydes/ but about this time the story of Exod● began.   

¶ Anno mund. M .v. C. xliiij. Et ante Christi nativitatem. M .v. C lx  
ARam sone to Esrom of the line of Chryst was about this time/ & he gate Amynadab & Naason/ of these men is little written in scripture & therefore I ꝓcede to other. ¶ job the holy man ensample of all patience this time was borne of the line of Nachor brother of Abraham/ & he lived many years/ & after the god had assayed him in his patience he lived an. C. & xl year (ꝑ Aug. gre. & 〈◊〉) Moses about this time was borne/ & the children of Israel were in great perplexite/ & Moses was put in the water to be drowned. Aaron about this time was borne. ¶ Dafrus was the. 〈◊〉. king of Babylon/ & Moses was borne under him in Egypte. ¶ C●crops was the first king of Athenes. And after saint Austyn the Greeks wrote many losings in their stories that time/ for of a little thing they make a great fame for to show their cunning for there was the university of Greeks.   

¶ Anno mundi three M vi C lxxviii Et ante Christi nativitatem. M .v. C. x●.  
THis time was Am●nadab of Christ's line/ son to Aaron which after Moses' with a full faith entered in to the reed see/ & dread not when many an C. were afeard lest they should have been drowned/ & therefore he deserved to bring forth the kings lineage/ of whom descended our lord jesus Chryst. Moses' was the first judge of Israel the ever was/ and he was judge xl year. This Moses was the most excellent prophet that ever god made/ & the most notable writer of stories/ & of his loving heaven & earth speaketh. For he saw our lord face to face/ which here in scripture was none found but he & Paul the apostle. ¶ Aaron the first bishop lived an C xxiij year. This Aaron was called of god in to the dignity of the high priest/ or of a bishop/ & was ordained the eternal testa meant to himself & them that came after him for the great power of priesthood. When he was an. C xxiij year of age he died & was buried in the hill of Hor. And his son Heleazarus succeeded in the bishopric. ¶ Pharaoh Boccaris this time was king of Egypte/ & this Pharaoh would not here the commandment of god/ ne deliver the children of Israel/ wher fore he was punished with ten plagues. Vt pꝪ oxod. And after he with all his host were drowned in the reed see. ¶ Nason son to Amynadab was prince of the tribe of juda in the desert. And about this time the law of god was given in the hill of Synay/ and the book of Leuitici was written/ & an other book was called Nu merum/ & the tabernacle was ordained. The book of deuteronomium was made. Balaam was prophet & was slain.   

¶ Anno mund. M. seven. C xxxv Et an Christi nativitatem. M. iiij. C lxxiiij  
SAlmon of the line of Chryst was about this time/ & had a wife that height Reab. Moses' about this time decesed/ the water of flome jordan was dry/ Jerico was taken/ the son stood in the firmament unmovable (Historia li. joshua incipit: et judicum) joshua the second judge of Israel was a mighty man in battle/ & the first in desert/ he overcame Amalech/ & after Moses he was ordained of god judge of Israel/ of whom the battles/ the works/ & the religious life/ ye may see in the book of joshua written. ¶ Eleazar was the second bishop/ & he & joshua divided the loud of promission to the children of Israel. Of him descended almost all the bishops unto Chryst. ¶ Othonyel of the tribe of juda was the third judge/ & this man delivered the children of israel by battle from the realm of mesopotamy. This man took Axam to his wife/ the which asked the vale lands/ above & beneath of her father Caleph. Vt pꝪ iudic i ¶ Aoth was the fourth judge of Israel. This man subdued Eglon the king of Moab/ & delivered the children of Israel. This was a mighty man in battle/ & he used the one as well as the other for his right hand. About this time the king of italy began/ & many times their names be changed/ of that which ꝓgenye the Romans show more clearly. ¶ janas' was the first king in italy/ & afterward of the rude gentiles he was worshipped as god/ feigning him to have two faces For they worshipped his feast in the beginning of the year: as he were the end of the last year/ & the beginning of the first. And of him the month of january hath his name. ¶ Amictus was the eight king of Babylon/ under whom joshua decesed.   

¶ Anno mund. M. seven. C .lxxv. Et ante Christi nativitatem. M. iiij. C xxiiij  
BOos soon to Salmon of the line of Chryst was this time/ but of him is little written/ save the Mathewe numbereth him in the genealogy. As doctors say/ there was made skipping of names between Boos & Obeth. For at the lest between them were. ij. C lxxij year The which time to one man may not be referred/ & therefore here many things is spoken or I come again to the line of Chryst. Nicolaus delyra 〈◊〉 sunt tres Boos unus post alium. ¶ Sangar was the v. judge of israel/ but he lived no years. ¶ Delbora was the uj judge. This Del bora was a woman/ & for the grace of her prophecy was given to her honour that she judged israel. She by the commandment of god called Baruch that he should go fight with the enemies of Israel/ & the children of Israel gate the victory against jabyn king of Chanaan & Cizaram the prince of his chivalry/ & he destroyed them. Vt pꝪ judicum four ¶ Phenies was bishop And this Phenies yet a young man for god's sake slew many lecherous men & therefore our lord was pleased with him. ¶ Saturnus this time was king in italy/ & he was the second king there/ this Saturnus is said to come from the land of Cretens into geffroy/ whom by idolatry through a marvelous blindness they said he was no man but a god And yet they said that he reigned upon them as their king/ & he taught men to dung their fields. And of Saturnus the romans were called Saturniam. ¶ Picus was son to Saturnus/ & or he was king in italy he was king in Laurentyn/ & after his decease of the gentiles was worshipped for a god.   

¶ Anno mundi three M. viij. C .lxxv. Et ante Christi nativitaren. M. iij. C xliiij  
GEdeon the vij judge of Israel was this time/ this Gedeon subdued four kings. Oreb/ zebee/ zeb/ and Salmana. And he subdued Madean to Israel. Vide pl’a judicum uj seven. et eight ¶ Bocci was bishop in Israel than. ¶ Abimelech the eight judge in Israel was natural son to Gedeon/ & he was not called of god/ but maliciously took on him the princehood of Israel. And he slew lxx of his brethren/ wherefore he ended his life mischievously. Vt peꝪ judicum ix ¶ Tola was the ix judge of Israel/ & this man guided him after the old governance of judges by the manner of direction & counsel/ more than by domi nation. ¶ Bocci was bishop about this time/ but of him is little written. ¶ jayr the ten judge of Israel had xxx sons/ whom he made princes of xxx cities And because there were good men & ru led to the pleasure of god. Therefore in the days of those two men/ Israel drew to our lord/ & therefore all thing came & was in prosperity & weith. ¶ Fannus was the four king of italy/ & he was king of Laurentyn also. ¶ Latinus was king in italy after Fannus/ & of this Latinus was the kingdom called Latino●. ¶ And Carmentis daughter to Euand●● found first latin letters. ¶ Thauranus about this time was king of Babylon or of Assurior/ & under this man Troy was destroyed first. The occasion of the battle of Troy began for a little thing in so much as Lamydon king of Troy teceyved not Hercules & jason with due honour as they should have been received & of so little a trespass how many harms & hurts grew. ¶ Sibilla delphis ca afore the battle of Troy prophesied how a child should be borne of a virgin without manues seed. ¶ Lamydon king of Troy was slain and his daughter Eriona was taken in to Greeks land. For that which followed mighty battle & most fearful mischiefs. Vide historiam troianan. Hercules with jason destroyed Ilium or Troy/ the which anon after was builded of Priamus son to Lamydon. This Hercules did many marvelous things/ & many mighty battles/ & infinite leasings been feigned on him. It the last when he had overtomen much people he was betrayed by a shirt that Deianeira his wife sent him envenomed/ & when he might not suffer the pain/ he ran in to a fire & brent himself/ & when he was deed he was worshipped of the gentiles for a god.   

¶ Circa annum mundi three M ix C .lxxv. Et ann Christi nativitatem. M. ij. C xxiiij  
AFter the death of jayr judge of Israel/ the people of Israel added new sins to their old/ and our lord took them in to the power of the philistiens/ & to the children of Amon xviij year/ & they were greatly oppressed: & than they cried to our lord. Than jepte was inspired with almighty god/ & fought against Amon & the seditious people of the hill of Effraym. And for an unprudent voice he slew his own daughter foolishly/ & did sacriif●ce to god with her judic xi et twelve ¶ Ozy this time was bishop in Israel/ & he was of the seed of Aron by the line of Eleazari/ the which deed/ through the provision of god the bishopric turned to the line of Ythamar an. C. & twenty year/ in that which line Hely was the first high bishop/ & Abiathar was the last. ¶ Ebessam was judge in Israel vij year/ & he was the twelve judge & he was named otherwise Boos/ the which wedded Ruth. ¶ Abialon ye.. xiij judge of Israel was judge ten year. And under these times the children of Israel were quiet/ & therefore no notable things were done in these days. ¶ Abdon the xiiij judge governed in Israel eight year. And about this time the history of Ruth was written. ¶ Authamis this time was king of Assuriorum. And Priamus king of Troy son to Laomedon builded his city again marvelously strong/ & began battle with the Greeks to his own hurt/ & he had a son was called Hector a leeful gotten son by his wife Eccuba. This man was faithful & wise/ & incomparable of strength & nobleness. This Priamus had an other son that was called Paris/ the which took away fro the land of Greeks Helena wife to Menelaus the king. ¶ Agamenon the king brother to Menelaus the leader of all the Greeks host fought against Troy/ & at the last he wan the cite falsely/ & to the Greeks most shame & slander that might be. For certainly that might be called an unhappy battle where no man giveth loving to the Greeks/ but every man reporteth shame. ¶ Aeneas was king in yta lie three year. And this Aeneas after that Troy was destroyed of the Greeks came in to italy with twenty ships/ and did mighty battles there. And this man had wedded Priamus daughter Elinsuram. And he was made a god through the error of the common people/ & of this man came julius cezar & Octavianus Augustus. ¶ Vlixes an eloquent man among all the Greeks after many perils on the see/ went home to his Penelopem the most faithful & the most chaste woman that is red of. And the Greeks perished wretchedly after that they had destroyed Troy both on the water and on the land as they went homeward again. And that was the principal date of their writing after that victory. For they wrote their histories and other writings thus. Anno primo v● secundo. etc. post Troiam captam. And that was the third year of Abdon judge of Israel.   

¶ Circa annum mundi four M xxv Et ante Christi nativitatem. M. C lxxiiij  
OBeth of Christ's line son unto Boos is rehearsed in Mathewe. ¶ Samson the xu judge reigned twenty year this Sanson was the most strongest man that ever was/ & he delivered Israel from the Philystyens/ & for his marvelous strength men trowed he had been Hercules. Et eius nurabilia opera vide iudic xiij   

¶ Anno mundi four M .lxxv. Et ante Christi nativitatem. M. C xiiij  
IEsse sone to Obeth of the line of Chryst/ otherwise called ysay father to David this time lived a notable man in honest/ no king ne great governor. But of him many times is made mention in holy scripture. For of him descended Chryst our saviour. ¶ This time Hely was judge & bishop in israel the which had two sons/ Ophni & Phi nees/ & for he corrected them not sufficiently/ he & they were punished both of our lord/ for they were slain of the Philistiens/ & Hely fell of his seat & broke his neck. This Hely was judge next after Samson/ & not of the lineage of Aron that was first bishop of god elect/ but of ythamar the lineage dured an. C. & twenty year/ in that which lineage Hely was the first bishop/ & Abiathar the last. Vide plura i regum.  
THis time Saul was king in Israel after the master in his histories/ & josephus in his eight book This Saul was the first king in Israel & reigned twenty year/ the which or he was king was a good man & elect of god/ but afterward wretchedly he failed/ & he was slain and his three sons on the hills of Gylboy. ¶ In the time of Saul Samuel was judge & prophet in Israel an holy man/ & borne of a barren mother many a day/ & he ministered afore our lord from a child to his age/ and was not high bishop/ but he judged Israel all the days of his life/ & was the very pro phete of god. Two kings he anointed Saul first/ & after david. This Samuel alone and Moses are red/ that they prayed for their enemies in all the old testament. Of this Samuel & Saul been divers opinions. Isoder saith the Samuel & Saul ruled Israel xl year. And josephus in his eight book/ & the master in his stories say Samuel to be judge twelve year alone. And after him Saul to regne twenty year. Vide plura i xe guin.  
Ascanius' the vij king of italy was son to Aeneas'/ & builded the cite of Albion/ & he was called the king of Albanon. This Ascanius gate Silvius the eight king of italy/ the which Silvius was father unto Brute king of britain/ now called England. And I leave of the kings of ytalye for they did but little noble things till it be comen to Romulus & Remus the builded Rome/ & than shall those kings come again. And now to precede to the chronicles of England/ for that which namely this book is made. ¶ venice & Padua were builded about this time of the residue of the Trojans. ¶ Homer the great poet about this time was/ that which wrote & feigned gloriously many a losing.   

¶ Incipit regnum Britanny/ nunc dicitur Anglia.  
¶ Here may ye see how England first began at albion. 
Albyon.   
¶ Afore that I will speak of Brute it shall be showed how the land of england was first named ●byon & for what cause it was so named.  
IN the noble land of Sirrie there was a noble king & mighty & a man of great renome that was called dioclesian that well & worthily him governed & ruled through his noble chyvalry So that he conquered all the lands about him/ so that almost all the kings of the world to him were attendant. It befell thus that this Dioclesian spoused a gentle damoysel that was wonders fair/ that was his uncles daughter Labana/ & she loved him as reason would/ so that he gate on her xxxiij daughters/ of that which the eldest was called Albyne/ and these damoiselles when they came unto age be came so fair that it was wonder/ whereof Dioclesian anon let make a summoning & commanded by his letters that all the kings that held of him should come at a certain day as in his letters were contained to make a feast royal. At which day thither they came/ & brought with them admyrats/ princes/ duke's & noble ch●ualry. The feast was royally arrayed and there they lived in joy and mirth enough that it was wonder to wite. And it befell thus the dioclesian thought to marry his daughters among all those kings that were at the solempnite. And so they spoke & did that Albyne his eldest daughter & all her sisters richly were married to xxxiij kings that were lords of great honour at this solemnity. And when this was done every king took his wife & lad them in to their own country/ & there made them queens. And it befell thus afterward that this dame Albine became so stout & so stern that she told little price of her lord/ & of hyy had scorn & despite/ & would not do his will but she would have her own will in divers matters. And all her other sisters everichone bore them so evil against their lords that it was wonder to wite. And for as much that them thought that their husbands were not of so high parentage comen as their father. But those kings that were their lords would have chastised them with fair manner upon all love & friendship that they should amend their evil conditions. But all was for nought/ for they did their own will in all thing that them liked & had of power Wherefore those xxxiij kings upon a time & often times bet their wives For they wend that they would haveamended them & their tatches & wickedness. But of such conditions they were that for fair speech & warning they did all the worse/ & for betings eftsoons much the worse. Wherefore the king that had wedded Albyne wrote the tatches and conditions of his wife Albyne/ & the letter sent to dioclesian her father. And when the other kings heard that Albynes lord had sent a letter to dioclesian/ anon they sent letters sealed with their seals the conditions & tatches of their wives. When the king dioclesian saw & heard so many complaints of his daughters/ he was sore ashamed and became wonderssy angry and wroth toward his daughters/ and thought how he might amend it that they so mysoyd/ & anon sent his letters to the xxxiij kings that they should come to him/ & bring with them their wives everichone at a certain day/ for he would there chastise them of their wickedness if he might in any manner wise. So that the kings came all at the time & day that though was set between him and the kings. dioclesian received them with moche honour/ & made a solem●e feast unto all that were underneath his lordship. And the third day after that solemnity the king dioclesian sent after his xxxiij daughters that they should come & speak with him in his chambre. And when they were come/ he spoke to them of their wickedness & of their cruelty/ & angrily them reproved & blamed & said to them. That if they would not be chastised/ they should lose his love for evermore. And when the ladies heard all this they became abashed & greatly ashamed & said to their father that they would make all amends. And so they departed out of their faders chambre. And Albyne that was the eldest sister lad them all to her chambre/ & though made to void all that were therein/ so that no psone was among them but she & her sisters together. Thansayd this Albyne. My fair sisters/ well we know that the king our father us hath reproved/ shamed & despised/ for because to make us obedient to our husbands but certainly that shall I never whiles the Ilyve/ sith that I am come of a more higher kings blood than mine husband is. And when she had thus said/ all her sisters said the same. And than said Albyne. Well I wot fair sisters/ that our husbands have complained unto our father upon us/ wherefore he hath us thus foul reproved & despised/ wherefore sisters my counsel is that this night when our husbands been a bed/ all we with one assent to kit their throats/ & than we may be● peace of them/ & better we may do this under our faders power than any where else. And anon all the ladies consented & granted to this counsel. And whamnyght was comen/ the lords & ladies went to bed. And anon as their lords were accept/ they kit all their husbands throats/ & so they show them all. When Dioclesian their father herd of this thing/ he became wroth right furiously against his daughters/ & anon he will them all have brent. But all the harons & lords of Sorry counseled not so for to do such straightness to his own daughters/ but should voyde the land of them for evermore/ so that they never should come again/ & so he did. And dioclesian that was their father anon commanded them to go in to a ship/ & delivered to them ●itayles for half a year. And when this was done/ all the sisters went in to the ship & sailed forth in the see/ & betook all their friends to Appolyn that was their god & so long they sailed in the see ●yll at the last they came & arrived in an isle that was all wilderness. And when dame ●●yne was come to the land & all her sisters this ●●byne went first forth out of the ship & said to her other sisters. For as much as I am the eldest sister of all this company/ & first this land have take/ & for as much as my name is Alb●ne/ I will ● this land be called Albion after my●● own name. And anon all her sisters granted to her with a good will. Than went out of the ship all the sisters & took the land Albion as their sister called it & there they went up & down & found neither man ne woman ne child but wild beasts of divers kinds. And when their ●ttayles were dispruded & sailed/ they fed them with herbs & fruits in season of that year/ & so they ●●ued as they best might/ & after that they took flesh of divers beasts & bera●● wonders fa●●e/ & so they desired man's company/ & man's kind them fay●ed. And for here they waxed wonders courageous of kind/ so that they desired more man's company than any other solace or mirth. When the devil that per●●yued went by divers countries & took a body of the air/ & liking nature's sh●● of men/ & came in to the land of Albion/ & lay by those women & shed tho natures upon them/ & they conceived & brought forth giants. Of which one was called Gogmagog/ & another Langerigan And so they were named by divers names/ & in this manner they came forth & were borne horrible giants in Albion And they dwelled in caves & in hills at their will/ & had the land of Albion as them liked/ unto the time that Brute arrived & came to Totnes that was in the isle of Albion/ & there this Brute conquered & discomfited the giants above said.   
¶ Explicit prima pars.   


¶ Here beginneth now how Brute was gotten/ & how he slew first his mother/ & after his father. And how he conquered Albyon/ that after he named britain after his own name/ that now is called England/ after the name of Engyst of saxony. This Brute came in to britain about the xviij year of Hely.  
BE it known that in the noble cite of great Troy there was a noble knight and a man of great power that was called Aeneas. And when the cite of Troy was lost & destroyed through them of Grece. This Aeneas with all his meinie fled thence & came in to Lombardy. And though was lord & governor of that land a king that height Latin. And another king there was the height Turocelyne that strongly warred upon this king Latin/ the oftentimes did him much harm. And when this king Latin herd that Aeneas was come/ he received him with moche honour/ & him with held for as much as he had herd of him and wist well that he was a noble knight and a worthy of his body & of his deeds This Aeneas helped king Latin in his wa●●●/ & shortly for to tell/ so well & so worthily he did/ that he slew Turocelyne/ & discomfited him & all his people. And when all this was done/ king Latin gave all the land that was Turocelynes to this noble man Aeneas' i● marriage with Lauyne his daughter the most fairest creature that any man wist. And so they lived together in joy and mirth all the days of their lives. ¶ And after Ascanius son to Aeneas wedded a wife/ and upon her he gate a son that was called Siluine. And this Siluyne when he could some reason of man unwitting his father and against his will acqueynted him with a damoysel that was cousin to Lauyne that was king Latynes daughter the queen that was Aeneas' wife/ and brought the damosel with child. And when Ascanius his father it wist/ anon let inquire of the wisest masters and of the greatest clerks what child the damosel should bring forth. And they answered and said/ that she should bring forth a son that should kill both his father and his mother. And so he did. For his mother died in bearing of him. And when this child was borne his father let call him Brute. And the masters said that he should do moche harm and sorrow in many diverse places/ and after he should come to great honour and worship. This king Ascanius died when god would/ and Siluyne his son received the land/ and made him wondrously well beloved among his people. And so when Brute that was Siluynes son was xu year old he went upon a day with his father for to play & solace. And as Brute should have shot unto an heart his arrow misshaped & glanced/ and so there Brute slew his father.   

¶ How Brute was driven out of the land/ & how he held him in Grece.  
ANd when this mischance was befallen/ all the people of the land made great sorrow/ and were sore disposed. And because thereof they drove Brute out of the land/ & would not suffer him among them. And when he saw that he might not abide there/ he went from thence in to Grece/ & there he found seven. thousand men that were of the kindred of Troy/ and were comen of great blood as the story telleth/ as of men and women & children/ the which were all holden in thraldom & bondage of king Pandras of Grece/ for the death of Achilles that was betrayed & slain at Troy This Brute was a wonders fair man and a strong & huge of his age/ and of glad cheer & semblant/ & also worthy of body/ & was well beloved among his people. This king Pandras heard speak of his goodness & conditions/ & anon made him to dwell with him. So that Brute became wonders privy & moche beloved with the king/ & dwelled long time with the king. So at the last they of Troy & Brute spoke together of kindred & lineage & of acquaintance/ and there complained them unto Brute of their sorrow & of their bondage/ and of many other shames the king Pandras had done to them/ & to Brute they said upon a tyme. Ye be a lord of our lineage & a strong man & a mighty/ be ye our capitain & governor/ & we will become your men/ & fulfil all your commandments/ & bring us out of this wret chednes & bondage/ & we will fight with the king for troth/ with the grace of the great god we shall overcome him & we shall make you king of this land/ & to you do homage/ & of you we shall hold for evermore. Brute had tho great pity of their bondage that they were brought in/ & privily went fro the kings court/ and though that were of Troy went & put them in to woods & in to mountains/ & held them there/ and sent unto king Pandras that he should give them licence for to depart safely out of his land and kingdom/ for they would no longer dwell in his bondage. When king Pandras heard this/ he was sore vexed and annoyed/ & though swore that he would ●e them everichone/ and ordained a great power/ and went towards them for to fight with them. But Brute and his men manly them defended and fiercely fought/ & slew all the kings men that none of them escaped/ and took the king and put him in prison/ and ordained a counsel among themself what they might do with the king. And some said that he should be put to death/ and some said that he should be exiled out of the land/ & some said that he should be brent. And than spoke a wise knight that was called Mempris & said to Brute & to all them of Troy. If king Pandras would yield him & have his life/ I counsel that he give unto Brute (that is our duke & our sovereign) his daughter Ge●●og●● to wife/ & in marriage with her an hundred ships well arrayed/ & all his treasure of gold & silver/ of corn & of wine and as much as we need of one thing & other/ & than go we out of this land and ordain us a land else where/ for we nor none of our kindred that come after us shall never have peace in this land among them of Grece/ for we have ●●ayne so many of their knights & of other friends that evermore war & discord shall be among us. Brute tho & all his folk consented gladly to the counsel/ and this thing they told to king Pandras And he for to have his life/ granted as much as they demanded/ and anon gave unto Brute the fair lady Gennogen his daughter to wife/ and an hundred ships with as much as them 〈◊〉 of all victuals/ as afore was ordained. Than Brute took his wife & all his men that forsook the land of great & went to the see/ & had wind & weather at their will/ & came the third day in to an isle that was called Logres. This Brute anon sent of his men to land for to espy the manner of the countrce. And they found an old cite all wasted & forlet/ so that there was neither man nor woman therein dwelling. And in the middle of this city they found an old temple of a fair lady that was called Diane the goddess. And they came again unto Brute & told him what they had seen & found/ & they counseled him to go & do sacrifice unto dame Diane/ for she was wont to give answer of what thing that men asked her/ & namely unto them that honour her with sacrifice. Brute went unto that image & said. Diane noble goddess that all thing hast in thy might/ winds/ waters/ woods/ fields/ & all things of the world/ & all manner of beasts that been therein/ unto you I make my prayer/ that ye counsel me and tell/ where & in what plance I shall have a convenient place to dwell in with my folk. And there I shall make in the honour of the a fair temple & a noble/ wherein ye shall alway be honoured. When he had done his prayer/ Diane answered in this manner. Brute said she go even forth thy way over the see in to france toward the west/ & there ye shall find an isle that is called Albion/ & that isle is becompassed all with the see/ & no man may come therein but it be by ships/ & in that land were wont to dwell giants/ but now it is not so/ but all wilderness/ & that land is destenyed & ordained for you & for your people.   

¶ How Coryn became Brutus' man/ & how king Goffar was discomfited.  
ANd when Brute had this answer of Diane the goddess/ anon he let wind up the anchors & sailed in to the high see. And when he & his men had sailed twenty days & more/ they found fall beside a coost of the see a. M. men of the kindred of Troy/ & their sovereign master was called Coryn. And when Brute wist whence they were/ he took them with moche joy in to his ships/ & so he lad them forth with him. This Coryn there became Brutus' man/ & to him did homage. And so long they sailed forth in the see till they came in to Gascoigne/ & anon they arrived in the haven of Lyegers/ & there they dwelled eight days for to rest them/ and to amend their sails there as they had need. Tie dynges soon came to king Goffar that was lord of that land how that moche people of strange land were arrived in to his land in the haven of Lyegers wherefore he was sore angered & annoyed that they came and arrived in his land without his licence & his leave. And anon ordained him a great power for to drive out Brute & to destroy him & all his people. But it was so the king Goffar was discomfited & all his people/ & himself fled in to france for to have help & succour. And in that time reigned in france twelve kings/ and xj of them assembled a great power for to belpe Goffar/ & for to fight against Brute. This Goffar dwelled with the kings of france half a year & more. And in the mean time that Goffar was in france/ Brute & his company destroyed all the land of Gascoigne/ and let take all the treasure that king Goffar had/ & made it to be brought in to his ships. ¶ And this Brute found in that land a fair place and a convenient/ & there he let make a fair castle and a strong. When this was all done/ king Goffar came from france and xj kings with him/ and brought with him twenty M. men for to fight with Brute & his company. And Brute had but vij M. and three C. men/ & never theles when the two hosts met together/ Brutus' folk through help of himself & of Turyn his cousin & of Coryn/ y● well & manly him defended/ so that within a while they had slain of the frenshmen moo than two. M. Anon all though that were alive fled away. And in this battle Turin Brutus' cousin was slain/ & Brute let bury him worthily when he had space in the castle that he had made/ & tho let call that same castle Tours/ for because of the name of Turin that there was buried And yet unto this day there is a noble cite that is called Tours. And when king Goffar wist that Turyn was deed/ he came again with his men & gave a strong battle to Brute. But Brute & his men were so weary for fighting that they might no longer endure/ & than went in to his castle with all his men: & made the gates fast for to save them/ & took counsel among them what they should do. Brute & Coryn gave counsel & ordained privily that Coryn should go out and bush him in a wood till on the morrow/ so that in the morning when Brute should fight with his enemies/ Coryn should come with his folk on the one side & slay & do all the harm that he might. And on the morrow at the dawning of the day Brute went out of the castle & fought fiercely with his enemies/ & they manly defended them. But within a little time brunt & his men slew. viij hundred of king Goffers men/ & than came Corin with the bushment/ & he & his company smote to the ground all those that would stand or abide/ so the king Goffar & his company were discomfited/ & fast they began to flec. And Brute & Coryn with their company fiercely them pursued/ and slew moo of them in the fleeing than they did in the battle. And in this manner Brute had the victory/ nevertheless Brute made much sorrow for his cousin Turyn that there was slain & other also that he had lost of his men/ that is to say vij hundred and xu the which nobly he buried in the same castle of Tours/ there where that he had buried Turyn his cousin.   

¶ How Brute arrived at Totnes in the isle than called Albyon/ and of the wrestling that was between Coryn and Gogmagog.  
 
ANd when all this was done Brute would no longer dwell there for to fight & lose his men. For king Goffers people might every day increase moo and moo/ & Brutus' men lessed/ & therefore he took all his men & went unto the see/ & had wind & weather at their will. And the fifth day after they arrived in an haven at Corns/ & came in to this realm that than was called Albyon/ where they found neither man nor woman/ save great giants/ & they dwelled in mountains & in caverns. And Brute saw the land was fair and at his lie king/ and was good also for him & for all his people/ as Diane the goddess had behyght him. And thereof was Brute wonders glad/ and let assemble upon a day all his folk to make a solemn sacrifice and a great feast in the honour & reverence of Diane the goddess/ which had counseled him first to come in to this land. And when they had done their solemn pnite/ as they sat at their meet upon a day there came in upon them xxx giants/ and slew xxx of Brutus' men. Brute & his men anon start up & fought with the giants/ & slew them everichone/ save one that was called Gogmagog/ & he was master of all the giants & he was stronger & higher than any of the other/ & Brute kept him for to wrestle with Corin his man/ for he was greater and higher than ●ny of Brutus' men from the gyrdelstede upward. Gogmagog & Corin undertook there for to wrestle/ & so together they went/ & wrestled a long time/ but at the last Gogmagog held Coryn so fast that he broke two rib in his side/ wherefore Coryn was sore angry/ & there he took Gogmagog between his arms & cast him down upon a roche/ so that Gogmagog broke all to pieces/ & so he died an evil death/ & therefore the place is called yet unto this day the saute of Gogmagog. And than after Brute gave all that country unto Corin And than Corin called it after his name cornwall/ & his men been called Cornewayles/ & so should men of that country be called for evermore. And in that country dwelled Corin & his men/ and they made towns and houses/ & euhabyted that land by their own will.   

¶ How Brute builded London/ & called this land britain/ and scotland Albany/ and Wales Cambar.  

¶ London.   
BRute & his men went forth and saw about in diverse places where that they might find a good place and covenable that they might build and make a city on/ for him and for his folk. And so at the last they came by a fair river/ which now is called Thames/ and there Brute began to build a fair city/ and called it new Troy/ in remembrance of great Troy/ from the which place all their lineage was comen. And this Brute let fell down woods/ & let ere & sow lands/ & let maw down meadows for the sustenance of him & his people. And than he departed the land to them/ so that each of them had a part & place to dwell in. And than Brute let call all this land britain after his name and his folk Brytons. And this Brute had gotten on his wife Gennogen three sons that were worthy of deeds/ the first was called Lotryn/ the second Albanak/ & the third Cambar/ & Brute bare crown in the cite of new Troy twenty year after the time that the city was made. And there he made the laws that the Britons hold And this Brute was wondrously well be ioved among all his people. And Brutus' sons also loved wondrously well together. And when Brute had sought all the land in length & breed/ he found a land that joined to britain in the north And that land Brute gave to Albanak his son/ & let call it Albany after his name/ that now is called scotland. And Brute found an other country to ward the west/ and gave that to Cambar his other son/ & let call it Cambar after his name/ and now it is called Wales. And when Brute had reigned twenty year/ than he died in the cite of new Troy.   

¶ How Lotryn that was Brutes sone entered with moche honour/ and governed the land well and worthily.  
AFter Brute reigned Lotryn his son/ that was the second king in britain. And he began to regne the second year of Samuel. This Lotryn was crowned king with great solempnite of all britain: And after when he was crowned king/ Albanak & Cambar his brethren departed in to their own countries/ & there they lived with moche honour and worship. And Lotryn reigned well & wisely/ & was much beloved of his people. And it befell so that as Albanak dwelled in his his own land with moche honour & worship/ there came king Hum bar of Hunlonde with a great power/ & ●●ryued in Albany/ & would have conque●●● the land/ and began to war upon Albanak/ slow him in battle. When Albanak was deed/ the people of the land fled unto Lotryn & told him because he was king of britain how that his brother was slain/ & prayed him of his help & succour for to avenge his brother's death. Lotryn than anon let assemble all the Brytons of Kent/ of Dover unto derewent/ of Norfolk & Suffolk/ of Keft fen & Lyndessey. And when they were assembled/ they sped them fast toward their enemies for to give them battle And Lotryn had sent to Cambar his brother that he should come unto him with all the power that he might make/ for to help him to avenge his brother's death. And so he did with a good will. When they came together they took their way privily for to go seek king Humbar where they might find him. And so it befell that this king Humbar was beside a water that was a great river with his folk for to disport him. And there came Lotryn & Cambar his brother with all their folk suddenly or that any of their enemies wist. And when Humbar saw them come/ he was sore adread/ for as much as his men wist 〈◊〉 not afore/ and also they were unarmed. And anon Humbar for dread 〈◊〉 in to the water and drowned himself/ and so he died/ and his men were all slain in so much that there escaped not one away on live. And therefore is that water called Humbar/ and evermore shall be as long as the world standeth/ for because that this king Humbar was drowned therein. And after that Locryn went to his ships & took there gold and silver as much as he found unto himself/ & all that other pylfre be gave unto other folk of his host. And they found in one of the ships a fair damoyfell which was king Humbars daughter/ and she was called Estrylde. And when king Lotryn saw her/ he took her with him because of the great beauty and fairness that he saw in her And for her he was overtaken in love/ and would have wedded her. These tidings came to Corin: & anon thought to avenge him on Lotryn/ for as much as Lotryn had promised him to wed Guentolyn his daughter. And Corin in haste took his way to new Troy unto him/ & said thus to Lotryn. Certes ye reward me full evil for the pains that I have had for your father Brute/ where fore sith it is so I will avenge me now on the. And with that drew his sword & would have slain Lotryn the king. But the damoysel went between them/ and made them to be accorded in this manner that Lotryn should take Guentolyn Corins' daughter to wife. And so Lotryn did. Nevertheless after he was married he went privily to Estrylde & gate on her a daughter that was called Abram And it befell so that anon after Corin died & after when he was deed/ Lotryn forsook Guentolyn that was his wife/ & made Es 〈…〉 queen. And than Guentolyn dep 〈…〉 from the●s 〈◊〉 great wrath in to Cori 〈…〉 e/ & there seized all the land in to her own ha●ors/ for as much as she was her faders heir/ & took homage of all the men of the land. And afterward she assembled a great host & a mighty of men for to be avenged upon Lottyn that was her lord/ & gave him a strong but a isle/ where Lotryn her husband was slain/ & his men discomfited in the .v. year of his regne. Guentolyn let take Estrylde & Abram her daughter/ & bound them both hands & feet & cast them both in to a water/ & so they were dropsied/ wherefore the water was evermore after called Abram/ after the name of the damosel that was Est●yldes daughter/ & english men call that water Severine/ & walshmen call it Abram yet unto this day. And when this was done Gum 〈…〉 ol in let crown her queen of all the land. And she governed the land well and wisely unto th●ty me that 〈◊〉 her son that Lotryn had gotten 〈…〉 was twenty year of age/ that he might be king. And so the queen reg●●d xu year And than let she crown her son king/ and he reigned and governed the 〈◊〉 well & worthtly. And his mother went in to cornwall/ and there she dwelled all the days of her life.   

¶ How Madan reg●ed in peace all his life.  
THis Madan son to Lotryn reigned on the Brytons xl year/ the which began to regne the xu year of Saul. And this Madan lived in peace all his days/ & gate two sons/ Mempris and Maulyn. Than he died/ and lieth at new Troy.   

¶ Anno mundi four M. C xxij ●t 〈◊〉 Christina 〈…〉 tatem. M. ●xxiiij.  
¶ Here beginneth the fourth age during to the transmygration. 
david.   
_●Auyd the second king 〈◊〉 Israel reigned this time 〈◊〉 man chosen after y● desy 〈…〉 god. And he was annoy 〈…〉 in his young age by Sam 〈…〉/ & after the death of king Saul he reg●●d. x●. 〈◊〉 This D 〈…〉 d was as a 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 mankind/ in whom 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 so moche power & so moche humy●●te/ so moche nobleness & so much 〈◊〉/ so great a charge of secular things/ & so pure & bevoute 〈◊〉 contemplation of spiritual things/ so many men to 〈…〉 e/ & so many tears to ●●epe for his trespass. ●ide plura. 〈◊〉. regum. ¶ Ab●athar this time was bishop/ & he fled fro Saul unto David/ & he was glorious with him all his days. G●d/ Nathan/ and Asoph were prophets than. And Nathan was brothers son to David.   

¶ How Mempris slew his brother Maulyn.  
THis Mempris & his brother Maulyu strove fast for the land. And Mempris began to regne the xxxv year of David: & for because that he was the eldest son he would have had all the land/ and Maulyn would not suffer him/ so that they took a day of love & accord/ and at this day Mempris let kill his brother through treason/ & himself afterward held the land/ & anon let crown him king & reigned/ & after became so lyther a man that he within a while all the men of his land. And at the last he became so wicked & so lecherous that he forsook his own wife & used the sin of sodomy/ wherefore almighty god was greatly displeased & wroth with him/ & upon him took vengeance because of his wickedness. For upon a day as he went forth on hunting in a forest there he lost all his men that were with him/ & wist not what he should do/ & so he went ●p & downe himself alone/ & cried after his men/ but they were gone/ & there came wolves anon & all to drew him in pieces/ when he had reigned xxiiij year. And when his people heard that he was so deed/ they made joy & mirth enough and anon made Ebra● his son king/ and he reigned with moche honour.   

¶ Anno mundi four M. C .lxv. Et ante Christi na 〈…〉 tem. M xxxiiij  
SAlomon the king of peace of the gift of our lor● had a singular exceeding above all men that ever was in this world/ but alonely god in wisdom & in tychesse/ in deyntees & in glory/ & ●a miliarite with god. And all though Moses & David/ Peter & Paul/ Jerome & Austyn/ & other moo exceeded him in holiness/ but yet they ex●●ded him not 〈◊〉 glory & richesse. And this man so exceeding all men/ wretchedly 〈◊〉. Of this Solomon is red in an epistle of sa●●● Jerome/ that he gate a child on the daughter of Pharaoh at x●. year of his age. V●de psa regum. ¶ Sadoch this time was bishop/ & for he deriyned not to the part of Adonie David's son/ but was with Nathan for Solomon/ & Ab●atha● on the other part was deposed.   

¶ Anno mundi. ●iij. M. ij. C .v. Et ante Christi not 〈…〉 tem ix C. lxxxx●●●j.  
ROboas succeeded Solomon his father in his kingdom/ but not 〈◊〉 wisdom. He was deceived through the counsel of young men/ & lost ten 〈◊〉/ in so much as he answered no● wisely the people/ as it is open. 〈◊〉 regum. ¶ Achimias was bishop/ and was the son of Sadoth. Vt pꝪ 〈◊〉. Para●●po.   

¶ Reges Israel in●●pi●●●.  
I Hero●●as reigned king in Israel xxij. year/ & he was first of the house hold of Solomon and a good man▪ but when he was made king he was a myschenous 〈◊〉 idolatry/ & made israel to sin i 〈…〉 ry/ & many great inconuenyentes 〈…〉 one▪ almost to the destru●●yon of 〈◊〉 Israel. For he was the figure of Ma〈…〉. ●●de p●a three regum. ¶ Abdias y● son● of Rob●as reigned in 〈◊〉 jewry three year/ and other while as a good man & helped by god/ & other while wretchedly disposed in idolatry/ & there fore our lord suffered him to regne but a little tyme. Vt pꝪ. three regum. et two para.   

¶ Anno mund. M. ij. C xxv Et ante Christi nativitatem ix C. lxxiiij.  
ASa the son of Abdias reigned xuj. year/ in the beginning of his regne he was a rightwise man/ & walked as david did/ & he overcame the Ethyopes/ & destroyed idols. But after that he was sworn to the king of Sirry Benedab/ for Baasa king of Israel than began war against him/ the which displeased god/ wherefore he sent him the prophet Anani/ whom he put in prison/ and therefore he had the gout strongly & died thereof. Vt ptꝪ three regum two para. Azarias son to Achonias was bishop. ¶ Nadab king of Israel reigned two year/ the which began to regne the second year of Asa king of jews/ & did not as his father. And Baasa over threw him/ & reigned for him. Vt patet three regum. ¶ Baasa king of Israel reigned xxiiij year/ the which began to regne the third year of Asa king of jews/ & he walked in the sins of Iheroboam/ and slew jehen the prophet. ¶ Hela the son of Baasa reigned in Israel two year/ & zamri slew him & reigned vij days. ¶ Amri reigned twelve year & did nought as his predecessors did. ¶ Acha son to Amri reigned on Israel xxij. year/ & above all that were afore him he was cursed/ for wicked jesabel ruled more than he/ and moved him to follow her. Vt patet three regum.   

¶ Of king Ebrac the which began to regne the xu year of david/ and how he conquered france.  
THis Ebrac reigned lx year/ & he was a strong & a mighty man & through his might & help of his brytons conquered all france/ & wan there so moche gold & sylue●/y● when h●came again in to this land he made a ●●●e/ & after his own name called it Ebrac/ that is now called Everwick. And this king made the castle of maidens/ that now is called Edinburgh. This king had xix sons & xxiij daughters by divers women gotten/ and these sons were called as ye shall here. Brute grenesheld/ Margand Seisell/ Morghwyth/ Flengha●●/ Bladud/ jaky/ Kinbar/ Roselm/ Spadogh Godeherl/ Thormnan/ Gildaugh/ jorkanghut/ Haibor/ Ketin/ Rother/ Kaier and Assaruth. And the daughters height as followeth. Elegine/ ymogen/ Oghdas' Guenbran/ Gnardich/ Augarel/ Guent hold/ Tangustel/ Gorghon/ Michael/ Medhan/ Mailour/ Ondur/ Cambredan/ Ragan/ Renthely/ Neest/ Cheghan/ Skaldud/ Gladus/ Heberhyn/ Abalaghe/ and Blandau/ & these were the xxiij daughters. And the brethren became all good knights & worthy in many countries.   

¶ Of king Brute greneshelde the first son of king Ebrac.  
AFter the death of king Ebrac reigned Brute greneshelde his son thirty. year/ which was Ebracs' first son that well & nobly reigned/ & when time came he died/ and lieth at york   

¶ Of king Leyll that was Brute grenesheldes soon.  
ANd when king Brute grenesheld was deed reigned his son Leyll xxij year/ and he made a fair town and let call it Karleyll after his own name. And he was a worthy man and well beloved of his people/ & when he had reigned xxij year he died & lieth at Karleyl. ¶ And in this time reigned king Solomon in Jerusalem/ & made the noble temple. And to him came Sibelle queen of Saba for to here & see if it were sooth that men spoke of the great & noble wit & wisdom of king Solomon. And she found it sooth that men had her told.   

¶ Anno mund. M. ij. C lxuj Et ante Christi nativitatem ix C. xlij.  
IOsaphat king of jews was a good man & a rich/ & a devout in the way of our lord/ & reigned xxv year and did none ill/ but to the cursed king of Israel gave help/ & other little things And therefore our lord was with him. Vt pꝪ. two para. ¶ Helyas the great prophet was this time an holy man that was lifted up in to paradise with great solace in a chair. Marcheas & Abdias prophesied with him. ¶ Ochosias' son of Achab reigned in Israel two year/ and sent to Beelzebub god of Acharan to be heeled/ for the which he died/ after the saying of Helye. Vt patet four regum.   

¶ Of king Lud Ludibras that was king Leyles sone.  
ANd this king Lud Ludibras made the cite of Caunterbury & Wynchestre/ & he reigned xxxix year/ & than he died/ & lieth at Wynchestre.   

¶ Of king Bladud that was Ludibras son/ how he reigned and was a good man and a necromancer.  
AFter this Lud ludibras reigned Bladud his son● a great necromancer/ & through his craste of nygromā●y he made a marvelous hot bath as the jest telleth/ and he reigned xxj year/ and lieth at new Troy.   

¶ Anno mundi four M. ij. C. lxxxxj. Et ante Christi nativitatem ix C. viij.  
IOram king of jews son to josaphat reigned eight year. this joram was a cursed man/ and had a good father/ he slew his brethren/ & wretchedly lived as did the kings of Israel/ therefore he was sore corrected and died unhappily. Vt pꝪ. i●. para. ¶ This time Helyas was tavysshed in to paradise. ¶ Ochosias' or Asarias' king of jews reigned one year/ & lived nought as his father did/ & anon was slain with all the house of Achab. ¶ Achalia mother to Asarias' took the kingdom/ & slew all the kings blood/ & reigned▪ 〈◊〉 & the vij year of joiada bishop she was slain four reg. This Asarias' & his so●● joas & his nephew Amazia Mathe●e the evangelist putteth not in the line of Chryst for their misdeeds. ¶ joram king of Israel reigned twelve year/ the which began to regne the xviij year of josaphat for his brother Ochos●e/ & cursedly he lived/ & was slain of Ie●●● with all his faders household. Vt p●z. ¶ jehen anointed of the child of Hel●se upon Israel slew Achariam the king of jews & joram the king of Israel/ & jesabel mother to Ioram/ & lxx children of Achab and xlij brethren of Azari/ and all the priests of Baal/ & he reigned xviij year ¶ Athalia mother to Azari king of jews/ daughter to Achab reigned on the jews. v●. year/ & slew the kings blood of joram/ except joas the son of Azari the which was kept among shepherds/ and after she was slain.   

¶ Anno mund. M. iij. C ix Et ante Christi nativitatem. viij. C. lxxxxiij.  
IOam sone to Achazie reigned in the jewry xl year/ whom joiada the bishop crowned king at vij year of age And he lived well as long as he was ruled by joiada/ but after he forsook god/ & martyred Azarias the tune bishop tone to jaiada/ for he blamed him that he forsook his god. Vide pl’a ij. para. ¶ joathas son to jehen reigned in israel xvij year in whose days Helise the prophet dyed/ & he began to regne the twenty year of joas Vide pl’a iiij. reg. ¶ joam son to joathas reigned in israel xvij year/ & he troubled Amazia. Vide pl’a iiij. regum xiij   

¶ Of king Leyr son to Bladud/ & of the answer of his youngest daughter/ that graciously was married unto the king of france.  
AFter king Bladud reigned Leyr his son/ and this Leyr made the town of leicester/ & he let call the town after his name/ & he governed the town well & nobly. This king Leyr had three daughters/ the first was called Goneril/ the second Rigan/ & the third Cordeill/ and the youngest daughter was fairest & best of conditions. The king their father became an old man/ & would that his daughters were married or that he died/ but first he thought to assay which of them loved him most & best/ for she that loved him best should best be married. And he axed of the first daughter how well she loved him. And she answered & said/ better than her own life. Now certes said her father/ that is a great love. Than he axed the second daughter/ how moche she loved him. And she said more & passing all the creatures of the world. Per ma foy said her father/ I may no more axe. And than he axed of the third daughter how moche she loved him. Certes father said she/ my sisters have told you glozing words/ but I shall tell you troth/ for I love you as I ought to love my father And for to bring you more in certain how I love you I shall you tell/ as moche as ye be worth/ so moche shall ye be loved. The king her father wend that she had scorned him/ and became wonders wroth/ & swore by heaven & earth she should never have good of him/ but his daughters that loved him so moche should be well advanced & married. And the first daughter he married to Maugles king of scotland/ & the second he married to Havemos' earl of cornwall/ & so they ordained & spoke between them that they should depart the realm between them two after the death of king Leyr their father/ so that Cordeill his youngest daughter should no thing have of his land. But this Cordeill was wonders fair & of good conditions & manners/ that the king of france Agampe heard of her fame/ & sent to king Leyr her father for to have her unto his wife/ & prayed him thereof. And king Leyr her father sent him word that he had departed his land & given all to his two daughters before said/ & said he had no more land wherewith her to marry. And when Agampe the king of france heard this answer/ he sent anon again to Leyr & said that he asked no thing with her but only her clothing & her body. And anon king Leyr sent her over the see to the king of france. And he received her with much worship/ & with solemnity he spoused her/ & made her queen of france.   

¶ How king Leyr was driven out of his land through his folk. And how Cordeill his youngest daughter helped him at his need.  
THus it befell afterward that these two eldest daughters would not abide till Leyr their father was deed/ but warred upon him whiles that he was on live/ & did him much sorrow & shame/ wherefore they took from him all the realm/ & between them had ordained that one of them should have king Leyr to sojourn all his life time with lx knights & squires/ that he might worshipfully go & ride whether that he would/ & in to what country that him liked to play & to solace. So that Maugles king of Scotlond had king Leyr with him in the manner as is above said/ & or a year was passed Gonoril that was his eldest daughter & queen of Scotlond was so annoyed of him & of his people/ that anon she & her lord spoke together/ wherefore half his knights & his squires went from him/ & no more were left with him but xxx And when this was done Leyr began for to make moche sorrow for because that his estate was impaired/ & men had of him more scorn & despite than ever they had before/ wherefore he wist not what to do. And at the last thought that he would go in to Corn wail to Rigan his other daughter. And when he was come the earl & his wife that was Leyrs daughter welcomed him/ & with him made moche joy/ & there he dwelled with xxx knights & squires. And he had not scarcely dwelled there a year but that his daughter of him & of his company was weary/ & her lord & she of him had great scorn & despite/ so that from xxx knights they brought unto ten and afterward had he but .v. & so they left him no moo. Than made he great sorrow/ & said sore weeping. Alas that ever I came in to this land & said yet had it been better to have dwelled with my first daughter. And anon he went thence to his first daughter again/ but anon as she saw him come she swore by god & by his holy name/ & by as much as she might that he should have no more with him but one knight if he would there abide. Than began Leyr again to weep and made moche sorrow & said Alas now to long have I lived that this sorrow & mischief is to me now fallen. For now am I poor that sometime was rich/ but now have I no friend ne kin that to me will do any good. But when I was rich all men me honoured & worshipped/ & now every man hath of me scorn & despite/ & now I wot well that Cordeil my youngest daughter said troth when she said/ as moche as I had so moche should I be loved/ & all the while that I had good/ so long was I loved & honoured for my richesse/ but my two daughters glossed me though/ & now of me they set little price/ & sooth told me Cordeil but I would not believe it ne under stand & therefore I let her go fro me as a thing that I set little price of/ & now wot I not what to do sith my two daughters have me thus deceived that I so moche loved/ & now must I needs seek her that is in an other land that lightly I let go ●●o me without any reward or gifts and s●e said that she loved me as much as she ought to love her father by all manner of reason/ & than I should have a●●d her no more/ & those that me other wise beb●ght through their false speech now have me deceived. In this manner Leyr 〈◊〉 time began to make his mo●e. And at the last he shope him to the see/ & passed over into france/ & asked & espied where the queen might be found. And men told him where she was. And when be came to the cite that she was in privily he seen his squire unto the queen to tell her that her father was comen to her for great need. And when the squire came to the queen he told her every deal of her sisters from the beginning unto the end. Cordeil the queen anon took gold & silver plenty & took it to the squire in counsel that he should go in to a certain cite and him array & wash/ & than come again to her/ and bring with him an honest company of knights xl at the least with their meinie and than he should send to her lord the king & feign that he were comen for to see & speak with his daughter & him. And so he did. And when the king and the queen heard that they came/ with moche honour they him received. And the king of france than let send through all his realm & commanded that all men should be as entendaunt to king Leyr the queens father in all manner of things as it were unto himself. When king Leyr had dwelled there a month & more he told to the king & to the queen his daughter how his two eldest daughters had served him. Agampe anon let ordain a great host of frenshmen & sent in to Britain with Leyr the queens father for to conquer his kingdom again. And Cordeil also came with her father in to britain for to have the realm after her faders death. And anon they went to ship & passed the see & came in to britain/ & fought with the felons/ & discomfited them & slew/ & than had he his land again/ & after lived three year & held his realm in peace/ & afterward died. And Cordeil his daughter him let bury with moche honour at leicester.   

¶ Anno mund. M. iij. C xlix Et ante Christi nativitatem. viij. C liij  
AMasias sone to Ioam reigned on the jews xxix year/ after the which the kingdom of jews was without king xiij year. This man worshipped the gods of Seyr. Vt pꝪ. two para xxv ¶ Jeroboam son to Ioam reigned on Israel xlj year/ the which was manly & victorious/ for he overcame the king of Sirie/ & restored Israel & Damask after the word of jono the prophet/ but he was not good. Therefore saith saint Austyn. If good men regne/ they perfect many men. And if ill men regne/ they hurt many men.   

¶ Anno mund. M. iij. C lxxxviij Et ante Christi nativitatem viii C. xj.  
Ozias or Azarias son to Amasias reigned on the jewry lij year/ the which lived well afore our lord/ of him is none evil thing written/ but that he usurped the dignity of priesthood under Azari/ the which he forbade him. For the which cause our lord struck him with a leper. Vt patet two para. ¶ Ozee bishop & prophet was this time the first of the twelve that was sent against the xij. tribes. johel the second of the twelve prophesied of juda. Ananias the third prophesied against many people. Abdias the fourth of the twelve prophesied against Edom. ¶ zacharias son to Jeroboam reigned in Israel uj months the which began to regne the xxxviij year of Ozias/ & was nought in his living as his predecessors were. And zellum slew him/ & reigned a month. And Manahen slew him and took his kingdom. Vt pꝪ. four regum. This Manahen reigned ten year/ the which began to regne the xxxix year of Osias/ & he ruled him mischievously/ & our lord betook him in the power of the king of Assuriorun/ and he paid to him a. M. talents of silver. Vt pꝪ. four regum. ¶ Phaseia son to Manahen reigned in Israel two year and he began to regne the l year of Ozias/ and he was nought in his living. ¶ Phasee slew Phaseia/ & reigned twenty year/ & he began to regne the lij year of Ozias/ & did as other cursed men did. Vide pl’a iiij. regum. And after this/ Israel was withouten any king eight year.   

¶ How Morgan & Conedag nephews to Cordeil warred on her & put her to death.  
When that king Leyr was deed Cordeill his youngest daughter reigned the ten year of Ozias king of the jewry. And after her reigned Conedag/ the xu year of Ozias. And Cordeill that was Leyrs' youngest daughter after the death of her father had all the land five year/ & in the mean time died her lord Agampe that was king of france. And after his death there came Morgan & Conedag that were Cordeyls sisters sons & to her had enemite for as much as their aunt had the land/ so the between them they ordained a great power/ and strongly warred on her/ & never rested till they had taken her & put her to death And than Morgan & Conedag seized all the land & departed it between them/ & they held it twelve year/ & when the twelve year were gone there began between them a great debate/ so that they warred strongly together/ & did to each other moche disease/ for Morgan would have all the land fro beyond Humber y● Conedag held. But he came against him with a strong power: so that Morgan durst not abide but fled away in to Wales/ and Conedag pursued him/ & took him & slew him. And than Conedag came & seized all the land in to his hands & held it/ & reigned after xxxiij year/ & than he died/ & lieth at new Troy.  
¶ And because the matter containeth most commodiously together of the kings of britain now called England/ for the time of them is not certainly known what time of the world these kings following reigned/ therefore they shall be together till it be comen unto Euentolyn king of britain now called England.   

¶ How reynold that was Conedags son reigned after his father/ and in his time it rained blood three days/ in tokening of great death.  
AFter this Conedag reigned Reynold his son that was a wise & an hardy knight & courteous/ y● well & nobly ruled the land/ & was well beloved of all folk. And in his time it rained blood y● lasted three days as god would/ & soon after there came a great death of people/ for hosts without number of people fought till that god thereof took pite/ & than it cesed And this reynold reigned xxij year/ & than died/ & lieth at York.   

¶ How Gorbodian reigned in peace that was Reynoldes soon.  
AFter this Reynolde reigned Gorbodian his son xu year/ & than died/ and lieth at York.   

¶ How Gorbodian had two sons/ & how the one slew that other for to have the land/ & how ydoyne their mother slew that other wherefore the land was destroyed.  
When this Gorbodian was deed his two sons that he had became stout & proud/ & ever warred together for the land/ & that one was called Ferres & that other Porres. And this Ferres would have all the land/ but that other would not suffer him. This Ferres had a felonous heart: & thought through treason to slay his brother/ but privily he went in to france/ & there abode with the king Syward/ till upon a time when he came again to fight with his brother Ferres but full evil it happened him/ for he was slain first. When ydoyne their mother wist that Porres was deed she made great sorrow/ for because that she loved him more than that other/ & thought for to slay him privily. And privily she came to her son upon a night with two knives & therewith cut his throat/ & the body also in to small pieces. Who heard ever of such a mother/ that slew with her own hands her own son. And long time after lasted the reprefe & shame to the mother/ that for because of that one son/ she murdered that other/ and so lost them both.   

¶ How four kings courteously held all britain/ and what be their names ye shall here after.  
 
When the two brethren were deed they ne had left behind them neither son ne daughter ne none other of the kindred that might inherit the land And for as much as the strongest men drove & discomfited the feeblest & took all their lands/ so that in every country they had great war and strife under them But among all other things there were four in the country that overcame all y● other/ & through their might & strength they took all the lands/ & every of them took a certain country/ & in his country let call him king/ & one of them was called Scatter/ & he was called king of scotland/ & that other was called Da walier/ & he was king of Logres/ & of all the land that was Lotryns' that was Brutes sone. The third was called Ru dac/ & he was king of Wales. And the fourth was called / & he was king of cornwall. But this Cloten should have had all the land by right/ because there was no man that wist none so right heir as he was. But they that were strongest set little by them that were of less estate/ & therefore this Cloten had no more land among them but cornwall.   

¶ Of king Donebant that was Clotens son/ & how he wan the land.  
THis Cloten had a son that was called Donebant/ that after the death of his father became an hardy man and a fair & a courteous/ so that he passed all the other kings of fairness & of worthiness. And anon as he was knight he wist well that when his father lived he was most rightful heir of all the land/ and should have had it by right/ but that other kings that were of moche more strength than he took from him the land. Wherefore this Donebant ordained him a great power/ & conquered first the land of Logres/ and after he went to conquer all the land of scotland and Wales. And Scatter came with his men & gave him battle/ & Rudac came also with his welsh men for to help him/ but so it befell that Rudac was slain & Scatter also in plain battle. And so Donebant had the victory & conquered all the land/ & well maintained it in peace and in quiet/ that never before it was so well maintained.   

¶ How Donebant was the first king that ever bare crown of gold in britain.  
THis Donebant let make him a crown of gold/ & wore the crown upon his heed as never king did before & he ordained a statute/ that yfa man had done never so much harm and might come in to the Temple/ there should no man him misdo/ but go there in safete and in peace/ & after go in to what land or country that him pleased/ without any harm/ and if any man had set any hand upon him/ he than should lose his life. And this Donebant made the town of Malmesbury/ & the town also of the vice And when he had reigned well & worthily xl year he died & lieth at new Troy.   

¶ How Brenne & Belyn departed between them the land after the death of Donebant their father. And of the war between them.  
ANd after that this Donebant was deed his sons departed the land between them as their father had ordained/ so that Belyn his eldest son had all the land of britain from Humbar southward/ & his brother Brenne had all the land from Humbar to scotland. But for as much as Belin had the better part Brenne therefore waxed wroth & would have had more of the land: & Belyn his brother would grant him no more/ wherefore strife & war arose between them two. But Brenne the younger brother had no might ne strength against Belyn/ and therefore Brenne through counsel of his folk went fro thence in to Norwey to the king Olsynge/ & prayed him of help & so●our for to conquer all the land upon Belyn his brother/ upon the covenant that he would have his daughter to wife. And king Olsynges him granted. And Belin anon as his brother was gone to Norwey he seized in to his hands all the land of Northumberlond/ & took all the castles & let them be arrayed/ & kept the coostes of the see that Brenne should not arrive on no side but that he were taken. King Olsynges let assemble a great host/ & delivered his daughter to Brenne & all the people that he had ordained. This damosel Samye had long time loved a king that was called Gutlagh/ & to him she told all her counsel/ & how that Brenne should have her & lead her with him for evermore/ & so he should lose her but that she might forsake Brenne. And when Gutlagh had heard these tidings/ he lay for to espy Brenne with as many ships as he might make & have. So the two fletes met together/ & long time they fought/ so that Brenne & his men were discomfited. And king Gutlagh took Samye & put her in to his ship. And Brenne shamefully fled thence as a man discomfited. And this king Gutlagh would have gone in to his own toū●tre but there came upon him so great a 〈…〉 st that lasted .v. days/ so that through y● 〈◊〉 pest he was driven in to britain with three ships & no moo. And though that kept the coostes of the see took Gutlagh & Samye & all his folk/ & them presented to Belyn. And Belyn put them in prison.   

¶ How Belyn let depart out of his land king Gutlagh of Denmark and Samye.  
〈◊〉 I was not long after that Brenne came again with a great navy & scent to his brother Belyn that he should yield again his land to his wife & his folk/ & his castles also/ or else be word destroy his land. Belyn dread noth●ge his malice/ & would no thing do 〈◊〉 that he had said. Wherefore Brenne came with his folk & fought with B 〈…〉 & Brenne was discomfited and his folk slain/ & himself fled with. 〈◊〉. men in to france. And this Belyn that was Brennes brother went than to York/ & took counsel what he might do with king Gutlagh/ for king Gutlagh proffered to become his man/ & to hold his land of him/ yielding yearly a thousand pound of silver for evermore/ and for sikerness of this covenant to be haul/ Gutlagh should bring him good hostages/ & to him should do homage & all his folk/ & yet he should swear upon a book that it should never be broken ne failed. ¶ Belyn tho by counsel of his folk granted him his asking/ & so Gutlagh became his man. And Belyn took of him his homage by an oath/ & by writing the same covenants. And upon these covenants king Guthlagh took Samie & his folk & went thence & returned again to Denmark. Evermore after were the covenants holden & the truage paid/ till the time that Hon●lus was king of Denmark & also of this land through his wife Gildeburgh that he had spoused/ for she was right heir of this land. This Belyn dwelled tho in peace & worshipfully him held among his barons. And he made four rial ways one from the east unto the west/ & that was called Watling street/ & an other from the north unto the south/ & that was called Ikelme street/ and two other ways he made in bossing through out the land/ y● one is called Fosse/ and that other Fosse dyke. And he maintained well the good laws the Donebant his father had made & ordained in his time/ as before is said.   

¶ How accordment was made between Brenne and Belyn through Cornewen that was their mother.  
BRenne that was Belyns brother had long time dwelled in france & there had conquered a great lordship through marriage. For he was duke of Burgoyne through the daughter of duke Fewyn that he had spoused/ which was right heir of the land. And this Brenne ordained a great power of his folk and also of france/ & came in to this land for to fight with Belyn his brother. And Belyn came against him with a great power of brytons/ & would have given him battle. But when their mother Cornewen that than lived had heard that the one brother would have destroyed that other/ she went between her sons/ & made them accord with moche pain. So that at the last the two brethren with much bliss went together in to new Troy/ that now is called London/ where they dwelled a year/ & after they took their counsel for to go & conquer all france/ & so they did/ & brent towns & destroyed the land in length & breed/ & the king of france gave them battle with his power/ but he was over comen/ & gave truage to Belyn & to his brother. And after that they went forth unto Rome/ & conquered it & all Lombardy and Germany/ & took homage of all the chief lords & barons. And after they came in to this land of britain/ & dwelled with their Britons in joy & rest. And than made Brenne the town of Brystow and after he went over to his own lord ship/ & there dwelled he all his life. And Belyn dwelled at new Troy/ & there he made a fair gate that is called Belynges gate after his own name. And when this Belyn had reigned nobly. x●. year he died/ & lieth at new Troy.   

¶ How king Cormbatrus slew the king of Denmark/ for because that he would not pay to him his truage.  
 
ANd after this Belyn reigned his son Cormbatrus a good man & a worthy. And the king of Denmark would not pay to him his truage/ that is to say/ a. M. pound as he had sworn by oath for to pay it/ & also by writing record to Belyn his father/ wherefore he was evylapayed & wroth/ & assembled a great host of brytons and went in to Denmark/ & slew the king Gutlagh/ & brought the land in subjection all new/ & took of the folk fealty & homage/ & after went again in to his own land/ & as he came forth by Orkeney he found. thirty ships full of men & women beside the coost of the see/ & the king asked what they were. And an earl that was master of them all courteously answered to the king & said that they were exiled out of spain/ & so that they had travailed half a year & more in the see/ to wite if they might find any king in any land that of them would have pite or mercy to give them any land in any country/ wherein they might dwell & have rest/ & become his lyege men/ & to him would do homage & feaute while they lived & to his heirs after him/ & of him & of his heirs hold that land. And when the king herd this he had pite on them/ & gave them an isle all wilderness/ where no man was dwelling/ save only wild beasts. And the earl thanked much the king & became his man/ & did him homage & sovereignty/ & took all his folk & went in to the same isle And the earl was called Irlamal/ & therefore he let call the land ireland after his name. This king Cormbatrus came again in to his land & reigned xxv year/ & after died/ & lieth at new Troy.   

¶ Anno mund. M. iiij. C xl Et ante Christi nativitatem. seven. C luj  
IOathan sone to Osias reigned in the jewry xuj year. of this joathan no thing is written/ but 〈◊〉 he took not away exce●sa as other did. Vt patet ij. para. ¶ Amarias' was bishop. And Ysayas the noble prophet was in his days. ¶ Olympias with the greeks began the first year of joathan after josephus: & after Bede Troy was destroyed iiij. C uj year afore the first Olympias began under Esalo a judge of Athenis/ in the which Corebus gate the thyvalty among all men. Olympus is the name of an hill in Grecia/ the which for his precyousnes is called the hill of god. And after Jerome one Olimpias containeth fully. iii●. years/ in the which four years four yearly princes are made/ & these Olympiades' are places ordained to the worship of jupiter under the hill of Olympo. And the law of them is this That who somever is best in our chyvalry/ what gift somever he desireth he shall have.   

¶ Anno mund. M. iiij. C luj Et ante Christi nativitatem. v●●. C xliij  
ACham the son of jeathan reigned on the jews xvi yert. Of this Acham no thing that is good is 〈◊〉 ten/ for he forsook our lord/ & our lord struck him with his own people strongly & with the kings of Sirry. Vt p●. 〈◊〉. para xxviij Achitob this time was bishop. ¶ Ozee king of Israel reigned ix year/ the which began to regne the. 〈◊〉 year of Acham king of jews. This Ozee dread not god/ for he lived nought. And he was the last king of Israel/ & in the ix. year of his regne he was taken of Sal manasar/ & Israel was translated in to Assirias. Vt habe● four regum xvij   
¶ Explicit secunda pars.   


¶ Anno mund. M. iiij. C lxij Et aute Christi nativitatem. seven. C xl  

¶ Roma caput 〈◊〉.   
AFter Euseby Rome was made on the hill of Palatyn/ the fourth year of Acham king of jews/ of two brethren Romulus & Remus xj kal. Maij. the. seven Olympiad's beginning. josephus & Bede say the uj Olympiad's: & so they differ a year. Nevertheless it is red other men to have reigned about the place mightily in italy/ that is to wite/ janus/ Picus/ Famnus/ Latinus/ the which unto Aeneas reigned about two hundred year. Than afterward from Aeneas to this Romulus it was reigned under xu governors. CCCC xxxij year After that fro the cite was made unto the last year of Tarquyn the proud it was reigned under vij kings/ about. CC. and xliii year. Than afterward under Senators & counseyllers unto julius Cezar emperor/ by. CCCC. and. lxiiij year. Romulus the first of romans/ of whom they be called in latin Romans made the Cite to be named Rome after his name/ the which gathered together the people on every side/ an hundred of the wisest men & witty he chose/ through the counsel of whom all things he disposed/ the which he named Senators for the time of their age/ & he made their names to be written in golden letters/ wherefore we writ noble faders & things so yet. Also he called a. M. men of arms milites. a numero millenario. but these were of no noble blood. Therefore as saint Austyn saith de civit. dei. And also there was long war betwixt the Sabyns & them/ for Romulus took many women of the noble blood of Sabyns/ & married them to the unnoble blood of this Romulus. Orosius writeth much ill. Vt pꝪ in libro suo. ¶ About this time Merodoch the king of Babylon sent great gifts to Ezechie the king of jews. Vt pꝪ. four regum twenty And than the kingdom of Babylon began.   

¶ Anno mundi four M lxxij Et ante Christi nativitatem. seven. C xxvij  
Ezechias the xiiij king of jews a good child of a cursed father/ reigned with a perfit heart to our lord/ & he restored the house of god/ & there was none like him afore ne after among the kings of jews/ therefore our lord god glorified him/ for when Sennacheri● king of Assuriorum came against Ezechie with a mighty host/ our lord struck his people & clue au. C lxxxv. of fighting men/ & Sennacherib fled shamefully ut pꝪ. four regum xix et two para xxxij Sadoch this time was high bishop there.   

¶ Anno mundi four M .v. C. j Et ante Christi nativitatem. uj. C. lxxxxviij.  
MAnasses king of jews reigned lv. year/ and he was a full evil child of a good father. For he did more cursedly than any that was before him. For he slew the prophets of god/ that the streets in Jerusalem were all bloody. And he made isaiah the prophet to be sawen in pieces with a saw of tree. Wherefore the king of Assuriorum wasted the jewry/ & took Manasses & put him in prison. And after Manasses repented him of his trespass & cried for mercy to god/ & was herd. Than he was restored to his kingdom & he amended his life. Vt pꝪ. four reg xxj et two para xxxiij ¶ Sellum was bishop & Echias after him. This time the. seven wise men had worship in Grece/ that is to say/ Tales/ Solon/ Chylon/ Poriandus Eldobolus/ Bias/ Pitacus. This Tales found first the default of the son & the moan. Vide pl’a Aug. eight de ci. dei. ¶ Numa the second king this time reigned in Rome xlij year/ the which was a great worshipper of false gods He filled Rome so full that he might have no place for himself to dwell in. This man put january & February to the beginning of the year. Vide pl’a in Aug. de civi. dei. Above all reason it is marvel that such men so exceeding in wit in all things that was ill receded fro the knowledge of the very god. ¶ Amon king of jews reigned two year/ the which was nought in his living/ & he was stricken of his servants/ and he died without any repentance.   

¶ Anno mund. M .v. C. lviij. Et ante Christi nativitatem. uj. C xlj  
IOsias the son of Amon at eight year of age began to regne/ & reigned xxxj year/ a good child of a perverse father/ in his young age he sought the grace of god/ & in that grace laudably abode unto his end. His religious life & his holy works ye may see four regum. xxij et two para xxxiiij ¶ Azastas the son of Elchie was bishop. ¶ Tobias about this time died/ & he was a very holy man/ & he prophesied the destruction of Jerusalem. ¶ Tulius Hostileus was the third king in Rome. And saint Austyn saith in his book de civi. dei. that from Rome was made unto August the emperor/ there was so continual battle/ that it was taken for a marvel & they were one year without battle/ except xlij year in Nun days/ in that which was continual peace. And this Tul 〈…〉 s because he had rest/ he did cursedly to his neighbours/ and than he was slain & all his household with a stroke of lightening. ¶ Nabugodonosor this time was king of Babylon/ a manly man & a v 〈…〉 oryous. For he was the scourge of our lord to punish the sins of moche people. This man was king of Babylon & afterward he conquered the kingdom of Assuriorum/ and made it one monarchy. But many ways scripture speaketh of this man/ now good & now ill/ & for because scripture concludeth that he ended his life in the loving of god by the prayer of Danyel/ & in the knowledge of one very god/ some doctors say he is saved & some say it is doubt. ¶ Au●us Marcius the fourth king of Rome reigned. 〈◊〉. year This man for grace & trust that he had to Tarquinus Priscus made him the governor of his children & heirs & he ill rewarded him. ¶ Danyel yet a child delivered saint Susan/ & stood in the cō●●tre of the king with his fellows & afterward he discussed the dreams of the king & was made a man of great honest. Vt pꝪ Danielis i ¶ joathas the second son of josie reigned on the Jews three months & was made king by the people & he was not good. And Pharaoh took him & lad him in to Egypte & made his elder brother king. Vt pꝪ. four regum xxiij   

¶ Anno mund. M .v. C. lxxxviij. Et ante Christi nativitatem .v. C. xj.  
IOachym or jeconias the son of josie was made king of jews by Pharaoh & reigned xj year/ & because he lived nought/ ne herd not the prophets Nabugodonosor took him & made him his servant three year. And he rebelled against him afterward/ & he took him & was about to have lad him to Babylon/ but his counsel was changed/ & so Nabugodonosor slew him in Jerusalem/ & cast his body over the walls after the prophecy of jeremy/ & took with him the vessels of our lord & put them in his temple. Vt pꝪ. two para. ulj. ¶ Samias was bishop. Urias' prophet was slain of jecony the king/ & jeremy was present ¶ joachim son to jeconias reigned in the jury three months/ & lived nought & therefore he was moved that he should regne no longer/ & was bound & translated in to Babylon/ & many with him were translated. Vt pꝪ. four regum xxiiij ¶ Danyell/ Ananias/ Azarias/ misael/ ezechiel/ and Mardochius/ all these with joachim the king were led in to Babylon young children/ for because they were of the noble blood.   

¶ Anno mundi four M. uj. C. Et ante Christi nativitatem. uj. C.  
¶ Here beginneth the fifth age of the World during to the nativity of Chryst. 
Transmigratio.   
SEdechias the third son of josie reigned on the Jews xj year. this Sedechias was a mischievous man in his living/ & he would not here jeremy the prophet/ therefore he perished wretchedly/ & all the jury with him/ & his eyen were put out/ & his children were slain. Vt pꝪ. four reg. ¶ josedech the son of Azarie was bishop/ & was transtated fro jerusalem by Nabugodonosor in to Babylon. ¶ Abacuk prophesied against Nabuch at Babylon/ & there be opinions what time this Abacuk was. This Abacuk brought meet to Daniel when he was put to the lions/ after Jerome. And here endeth the fourth age/ & the history of Regum.  
THis time the temple of Solomon was brent of the Caldees/ & jerusalem was destroyed. This temple stood cccc xlij year/ that is to wite/ fro the first making/ the which was made the fourth year of Solomon. And fro the destruction the which was made by Tytus/ that is to wite xlij year after the passion of Chryst. ¶ Priscus Torquinus the .v. king of Rome reigned/ and he made Capitollium quasi caput solum. For in the ground work was found a heed without any body/ as for prophecy of things to come. For there afterward the senators sat as one heed of all the world. ¶ This time three children were cast in to a furnace brenning/ & with a miracle they were delivered/ as it is showed in Daniel. ●. ¶ Nabugodonosor the son of Nabugodonosor the mighty/ reigned in Babylon. This man made an hanging garden with mighty costs for his wife/ & many marvelous things he did/ so that he would be named to exceed Hercules in his greatness & strength. ¶ Enilmelrodach brother unto the latter Nabugodonosor reigned in Babylon. This man took joachim out of prison & worshipped him/ & his faders deed body after the counsel of this man/ he divided to an hundred gripes/ lest that he should rise from death to life. ¶ Nota. The play of the chess was foude of ●erse a philosopher for the correction of Enilmerodach this time the king of Babylon a great tyrant the which was wont to kill his own masters & wise men. And for he durst not rebuke him openly/ with such a witty game he procured him to be meek.   

¶ Anno mundi four M. uj. C xxxiiij Et ante Christi nativitatem .v. C .lxv.  
SAthiel of the line of Chryst was son to jecony the king of jews the which he gate after the transmygration of Babylon/ as Mark the evangelist saith. ¶ Servius Tulius the uj king of Rome was of a bond condition on the mothers side/ for she was a captive maiden/ but she was of the noble blood This man had great loving/ & nobly he bore him in every place. Three hills to the cite he put/ & dyched the walls round about. ¶ Regusar Sabusardach & Balthasar were brethren/ the which reigned one after an other & were kings in Babylon. And Balthasar was the last king of Babylon/ the which was slain of Darius & Cyrus. Vide pl’a Dani .v.   

¶ Incipit Monarchia Persarum.  
Darius' uncle to Cyro fellow in the kingdom with Cyro/ occupied the kingdom of Babylon. Darius' translated the kingdom of Babylon's Caldees in to the kingdom of Persarun & Medorum. ¶ Cyrus was emperor xxx year. This Cyrus held the monarchy hole at Perses Of this man prophesied ysaias/ & he destroyed Babylon/ & flew Balthasar king of Babylon/ & he worshipped greatly Daniel. The jews he sent home again that they should build the temple of god. Vt pꝪ Esore i ¶ Babylon the strong castle was destroyed & his power was taken fro him/ as it was ꝓph●●ped. This was the first cite and the greatest of all the world/ of that which incredible things are written/ & this that was so strong in one night was destroyed/ that it might be showed to the power of god/ to that which power all other been but a sperke & dust. For it is said for sooth that it was incredible to be made with man's hand/ or to be destroyed with man's strength/ whereof all the world might take an ensample/ and it would or might be informed. ¶ Tarquinus superbus was the vij king of Rome & he reigned xxxv. year. This man found first all these torments which are ordained for malefactors: as er●e p●son wells & gallows/ fetters & many●●es chains & collars & such other. And for his great pride & cruelness god suffered him to mischief/ & in what manner wise it shallbe showed. He had a son of the same name/ that which soon defouled a worthy man's wife/ they called him Co●●aryn & his wife was called Lucres. This Tarquinus that was this seventh kings son aforesaid came to this ladies house (absent her husband) to souper & to lodging. And when all were a sleep he rose with a sword in his hand & with strength & ●●re he ravished the woman. And when he was gone she sent unto her father & her husband/ for she was of great kin/ & thus she said to them. The kings son came hither as a friend/ of whom I had no mistrust/ & thus he hath defiled my ●hastite/ & lost my name for evermore. When her friends saw her weep & piteously complain/ they comforted her as well as they could/ & said it was no villainy unto her/ for it was against her will. She answered & said. Yet shall there never woman excuse hereby Lucres: for though she consented not to this deed/ yet shall she not die without pain for that deed. And with that word she had a knife ready under her mantel/ with which she smote herself to the heart. And for this cruelness & this piteous death the people of Rome arose & exiled this king & all his progency for evermore. And thus ceased these kings of Rome/ & never was none after.   

¶ Of the governance of Rome till the Emperors began.  
AFter when this tyrant was deed the romans ordained that there should never be king more in Rome. But they would be governed fro thence forth by consuls. So when those kings had reigned. CC. year and xl they made this statute/ that two consuls should be chosen/ & they should govern the Cite & the people/ & for this cause these two were chosen/ that if one of them would make any excess/ that other should govern him For there was no thing obeyed but if they consented both. Also they should not stand in their dignity passing one year for this cause. That for domination of long time they should not usurp more upon them than was rightful. In all this time the Empire of Rome was not dilated passing twelve mile/ ne had no lord ship passing twelve mile. The first consuls that were made y● one was called Lucium & that other Brutum/ & these two men did great things in their tyme. But yet the people bore heavy of their domination/ wherefore they chase an other man/ which should have more authority than they & they called him Dictator. ¶ In this same time there was a great dissension between the people & the senate/ wherefore they chase Tribunas which were judges over the people/ & defended them from wrong/ as saith ysyder. For the Dictator when he was chosen he lasted five year/ & the Tribunas' were removed every year. ¶ But ye must understand that ye shall not have here after all the consuls names that governed Rome betwixt the seizing of the kings & the begining of the emperors/ for it were to long to write/ specially when they were every year new/ sith that one man might be chosen so often times as we read. And also for the enduring of their governance For they were governors of Rome .v. C. year and lxvij So the most famous men of these shall be rehearsed after the form of chronicles/ & as they stand in the book each one after other.   

¶ Incipit historia libri Esdre.  
¶ Anno mund. M. uj. C lix Et ante Christi nativitatem .v. C xl  
〈◊〉 Drobabel after the commandment of god founded the temple & made it perfit/ but it was long after. Vt pꝪ esdre uj After the people of jerusalem came fro Babylon/ these two ruled. jesus the high priest as governor/ & zorobabel as duke. And this manner of guiding was kept unto Herodes time/ that the high priests should be principal/ & the duke's under them. But the duke's were ever of the tribe of juda/ after the prophecy of jacob. And under that good guiding of priests it is not red the people to have receded fro the very true faith/ as they did afore in the time of jews & kings/ for than many times they ran to idolatry. ¶ Esdras the priest of the kindred of Aron this time exceeded men in holiness through whose great wisdom all the jews state was holpen. ¶ Cambyses the son of Ciri reigned on the kingdom of Persa● the which commanded mightily the temple of jerusalem should not be builded again/ & his s●●er cōm●●i●●d it sho●● 〈◊〉 builded. This Cambyses 〈…〉 judge to be slain or kylt alive/ ● 〈◊〉 his son to sit on his faders 〈◊〉/ that through the dread he should ●rede falsehood & judge rightwisely. This Cambyses 〈◊〉 many in holy scripture/ in the book of 〈◊〉 A●●haxerses or ●●●uerus in historia Iu●ith/ that was done under him he is called Nab●●godonosor/ for Differ●es the prince of his chyisalty subdued many lands to his lord/ & at the last he came to Bethlee●/ & there was ●●yne of judith a woman. Vt pate● Iudi two et xiij ¶ Greneides reigned in pierce half a year. ¶ Darius reigned in pierce/ the which by the motion of zorobabel commanded the work of the temple to be taken again/ & commanded his princes that in no wise they should let it/ but should help it in all that they could. Vide plura in Esore. vide hoc ●●e ambiguum propter diversitatem doctorum.   

¶ Circa anun mund. M. seven. C. xxxiiij Etante Christi nativitatem. iiij. C .lxv.  
ABiuth sone to zorobabel of the line of Chryst was about this tyme. For of him & of other following unto joseph no thing is had in scripture/ but that Mathewe the evangelist numbereth them in the genealogy/ & therefore the certain time of them duly can not be known. ¶ joachim was bishop this time/ after josephus was called josedeth/ under whom Jerusalem was builded again. Vt dicit et hoc idem pꝪ Nee●●e twelve ¶ In the. CC xliiij year after that Rome was made/ the Romans ordained two consuls in the stead of their king the which should govern one year alone lest that by tarrying they should be proud & that the one should correcke the other if he exceeded or arred. ¶ Brutus was the first consul/ & Lucius the second/ & than was there a man that was called Dictator/ the name of an office the which should go with the people a 'gainst their enemies. ¶ Titus P●phius 〈◊〉 confines: Than after the romans complained greatly on the condy●yons of the consuls/ & than the power was 〈…〉/ to an exceeding cost to the common people. For everyone of them 〈◊〉 like a king/ & need caused them to leave ye●●g●ite. And they trusted never to rest/ the war was so strong against them. ¶ At that 〈◊〉 was king of Persarun/ under whom Eldras came to jerusalem ¶ ●●rses Neemias' was butler to the same king/ whom afterward he sent to buyide the walls of jerusalem. ¶ ●erses reigned after him two months. ¶ Segd●anus vij months after him/ & little they did.   

¶ Circa annum mundi four M. seven. C lix Et ante Christi nativitatem. mj. C xl  
ELiac is rehearsed of the line of christ in Math i and more of him is not had in scripture. ¶ Esdras an holy man & a cunning/ & worshipfully was had among the people. This man came fro Babylon with other/ & he moved with very charity went again to Babylon that he might win moo of Israel. & save the souls/ & bring them home with him. In this time he repaired the law & the holy books/ the which that Caldees had brent. And an happy witness to all the world he left in scripture. He found new letters & lighter in faction/ the which through the holy ghost fulfilled he came again to jerusalem with a great multitude/ & with the kings privilege that he should teach the people the law that he had repaired. And there he died in a good age. ¶ Neemias an hebrewe butler of king Arthaxerses at his lords commandment went from Babylon in to jerusalem/ where he had xii year the leading of the people. And the .v. year he began to repair the gates & the walls of jerusalem in the which work he ended in two year & four months/ & that with great impediments. For the half of the people stood armed without the cite to withstand the people of other nations/ intending to destroy them/ & the other part laboured in arms/ holding in the one hand stones for the walls/ & in that notable other hand a sword or nigh by it. Vide psa li. su●. ¶ Permenides philosophers & namely in moral things were about this tyme. Socrates a philosopher the which understood moche of the power of god/ and he was Plato's master. Democritus/ hippocras and other/ of whom the noble works abode.   

¶ Circa annum mundi four M. viij. C ix Et ante Christi nativitatem. iij. C. lxxxx.  
Azor is rehearsed in the line of christ in Math i but no thing of his deeds is written in scripture. ¶ Elyasib or Elysaphat succeeded joachim in the bishopric. Vt dicit Eusebius et magr histo. ¶ Camillus was Dictator at Rome/ in whose days mischievous plays were ordained that the pestilence should cese at Rome. Of these plays saint Austyn treateth diligently/ in repreving the falsehood of the gods: the which desired to be pleased with such wretched plays. So shamefully these plays were used with naked men & women/ that honest men and women would not be at those plays/ ne yet behold them. Vide p●a in Aug. de ci. dei. ¶ Darius notus reigned on the Perses xix year. ¶ Plato the divine philosopher/ & Aristotel his disciple were this time noble & famous clerks. ¶ Tytus quintius was Dictator at Rome/ and he was a covetous man/ whom Austyn de civi. dei. bringeth in against covetous & proud christen men ¶ ●●yus was a senator under whom was agrete battle against the king of ●us●orum/ and, viij. M. men of them were taken. ¶ Marcus Valerius was an other senator/ the which with lx M. romans fought with the frenshmen/ & had the victory/ & slew many of them. ¶ Artharerses king of Perses called again to his empire Egypte/ & he put N●●t●●abo the king in to Ethiopia/ & many jews in to transmygration. Also he sent Vagosum a prince over Flum jordan to ask again the tribute that was forgiven to Esdre that was the vij year rend (propter sabban terre. ¶ Arsamus succeeded him and reigned a year. ¶ Darius the son of Arsamus reigned with the Perses xxiiij year. This Darius was a mighty man & a bold/ the which asked of the Greeks a tribute/ & that was the cause of the destruction of the monarchy of Persarun. For it was translated to the Greeks after the prophecy of Danyel. For it is said that Darius brought xu hundred thousand fighting men/ whom all Alexander slew. ¶ jodas the son of Elysaphat was high bishop in jerusalem in time of Matdachij. Johannes his son succeeded him. ¶ Aristoteles the most subtle & famous philosopher lived this tyme. ¶ Senocrate the most chaste philosopher was this time/ with divers other moo.   

¶ Because the kings of Britain next after lived in peace most part/ & little of them is written/ therefore they shall be set together till it be comen to Cassybalon king of britain/ the which was brother to Lud.  
ANd when Cormbatrus was deed Guent holen reigned which was his son/ a man of good conditions and well beloved/ and he governed the land well & wisely/ and he reigned xxuj year and after died/ & lieth at new Troy.   

¶ How king Seysell reigned and well governed the land after Guentholen.  
AFter this Guentholen reigned his son Seysell/ & well & worthily 〈◊〉 governed the land as his ●ader had done before him/ & he reigned xu year & died/ and lieth at new Troy.   

¶ How ●ymor reigned after Seysell his father/ and he begat How an that reigned in peace after his father.  
Bymor reigned after his father Seisell well & nobly xix year in peace And than after him reigned How an his son ten year & died & lieth at Ikaldown.   

¶ How king Morwith died through myschau 〈…〉 of a be'st.  
MOrwith reigned after Howan/ & he became so wicked that vengeance fell on him. For ou a time as he went by the see side he met with a great be'st that was black & horrible/ & he wend it had been a whale of the see/ & bend an arblast & would have slain the be'st with his quarrel/ but he might not smite him/ & when he had shot all his quarrels the be'st anon came to him & devoured him alive & so he died for his wickedness by god's vengeance after he had reigned ix year.   

¶ Of Grandobodyan that was son to Morwith/ that made cambridge.  
When this Morwith was deed the brytons crowued Gr●dobodian his son/ & this Grandobodian long tymed regued in goodness: & made temples & towns/ & he made the town of cambridge & the town of Grauntham/ & was well beloned of rich & poor/ & he had four sons/ Arthogaile/ Hesidur/ Higamus & Petitur/ & when he had regn●d xj. year he died/ & lieth at new Troy.   

¶ Of Arthogasle that was Grandobodians son/ how he was made king & after put down for his wickedness.  
AFter Grandobodian reigned his son Arthogaile .v. year/ & he became so wicked that the brytons would not suffer him to be king/ but put him down & made Hesidur his brother king/ & he be came so merciable that men called him king of pite/ & when he had reigned .v. year he had so great pite of his brother Artogaile that was king before/ that he forsook his dignity/ and took his brother the crown as gain/ & made him king against all the brytons will/ & after Artogaile became so good of conditions that all the land loved him for his debonairty/ doing right & reason to every man. And he reigned uj year & than died/ & lieth at Grauntham.   

¶ How Hesidur was made king after the death of his brother.  
AFter the death of Artogaile the brytons crowned an other time Hesidur/ but his two bretheru Higamus & Petitur had of him great spite & scorn & ordained them help for to war upon the king their brother/ and so they took him & put him in to prison the second year of his regne/ & they departed all the land betwixt them both/ but Higamus lived but vij year/ & than had Petit all the land/ & he made the town of Pickering.   

¶ How the Brytons came and took Hesidur out of prison/ & made him king the third tyme.  
When this Petitur was deed/ the Brytons took Hesidur anon and made him king the third time/ and than reigned he 〈◊〉 peace xiiii year/ & after he died and ●●th at Kararleyll.   

¶ How thirty 〈…〉. kings reigned in peace ●●he after other after the death of Hesidur.  
AFter the death of Hesidur reigned xxxiij. kings ●●he after other in peace/ & without any long tarrying. I shall show their names/ & how long each of them reigned/ as the story telleth. The first king was called Gerbodia/ and he reigned twelve year/ and after him reigned Morgan two year/ and after him reigned Cighnus uj year/ & after him Idwalan eight year/ after him reigned Rohugo xj year/ after him Voghen xiij year/ after him Caril xj year/ after him Porex two year/ after him Cherin xvij year/ after him coil twelve year/ after him Sulgenis xiiij year/ after him Esdad xx. year/ after him Andragie xvij year/ after him Vrian .v. year/ after him Eliud two year/ after him Eldagan xu year after him Claten twelve year/ after him Ouirgunde. vilj. year/ after him Mortan uj year/ after him Bledagh three year/ after him Caph i year/ after him Gen ij. year/ after him Seysell & king Bled xxij. year/ & king Tabreth xj year/ and after him Archinall xiiij year/ and after him Croll xxx year/ and after him reigned Rodyngu xxxij year/ and after him reigned Hertir .v. year/ & after him reigned Hanipir uj year/ and after him reigned Carpour vij year/ & after him reigned Digneill three year/ and after him reigned Samuel xxiiij year/ and after him reigned Rede two year/ & after him reigned Ely vij months. This king Ely had three sons/ Lud/ Cassibalon/ & Enemyon.   

¶ How Lud was made king after the death of Ely his father.  
 
AFter the death of Ely reigned Lud his son/ and governed well the land/ and much honoured good folk/ and tempered & amended wyched folk/ This Lud loved more to dwell at new Troy than in any other place of the land/ wherefore the name of new Troy was left/ & than was the cite called Ludstone but the name is changed through varyasite of letters/ & now is called Land This king made in the cite a fair gate & called it Ludgate after his name/ & the folk of the cite are Londoners. And when he had reigned xj year he died/ & lieth at London. He had two young sons/ y● one was called Andraghen/ & that other Torinace/ but they could neither speak ne go/ & therefore the brytons croward a strong knight that was called Lud that was Cassiba●ons brother/ & made hymking of britain now called England.   

¶ Anno mund. M. viij c lxxxxiiij. Et ante Christi nativitate. ij. C xu  
SAdoth of the line of Chryst is numbered in Mat i but in scripture is no more had of him. ¶ jadus the ●one of john was high bishop in jerusalem. ¶ This time king Alexander reigned the which was wroth with the people of jerusalem/ & came to the cite. Than jadus arrayed in his pontifical ornamétes came to meet him/ & he suddenly was pleased & worshipped the bishop/ & with peace & joy entered the cite/ & he made to be brought to him the book of Danyel & the prophecy to be exponed to him/ the which was spoken of him/ & that done he joyed strongly/ for all thing that he had herd by the dream in due order was fulfilled/ & it was likely to him that he should be the same person/ of whom Daniel ꝓphe cyed/ & of that he took more hardiness to fight with Darius king of pierce/ & he did the sacrifice/ & commanded the jews to axe what they would have/ & granted them to keep their own laws/ & at the seventh year should be without tribute. Vide magr̄m in histo. The host of Alexander as Orosius saith was xxxij M. footmen/ & four M. horsemen/ & ships. C.lxxx. And it is uncertain whether it is more marvel that he should conquer all the world with so little a power/ or how he durst go upon them with so little a power. And there was of Alexander & his host slain the king of pierce. Et ut Orosius dicit qinquqies decies centena milia ¶ Enias' the son of jadi was bishop after his father. ¶ Manilius Papirius & Fabius were ●sules at Rome. This Papirius when he was a child he was very wise/ & he feigned many a fair losing that he might keep his masters counsel & the senators. And when he came to man's age he was a noble warrior/ that when the romans dread Alexander he was chosen to go against him/ & of the gods he charged not/ but scorned them/ saying afore that unhappy thing should fall/ & that to his great loving holy doctors say.   

¶ Incipit Monarchia Grecorun: et cessat Monarchia Persarum.  
THis time king Alexander begun to be lord of all the world/ & he was called great Alexander for his great victory that he had in so little tyme. It was an evident judgement of the wrath of god against sinners of the time/ certainly some miracles our lord did for him in helping of his power: for the see of pamphilicon was divided to him (as the reed see to the jews) when he persecuted Darius. Also at his prayer the hills of Caspij were shut that certain cursed jews might never come out. But at the last he was poisoned in Babylon/ & died the xxxiij year of his age/ and the .v. year of his monarchy/ the. xij year of the kingdom of Macedon. When Alexander was deed the twelve to whom he divided his kingdom could not accord whereof arose infinite battles/ so ye.. iiij had all the kyugdom. Vide pl’a in Orosio.   

¶ Anno mund. M ix C ix Et ante Christi nativitatem. CC ix  
AChym of the line of Chryst son to Sadoth is numbered in Math i & of him is no more in scripture. ¶ Simon was bishop this time an holy man & a rightwise he was named of the people. ¶ Eleazarus was bishop after Symen This man sent to Ptholomeo king of Egypt lxxij learned men/ of every tribe vj. to interpret the law of the jews/ which they translated out of hebrewe in to greek by a great miracle: that so many men should in lxxij days translate all holy scripture with one accord. Vide Aug. de ci. dei. ¶ Dolobela/ Emilius/ Marrus Curius/ Genutius this time were consuls at Rome. This Dolobela conquered Samnytes after many battles had. And Martus subdued Epirotas/ & slew xxiij M. of his men: & than fled king Pirro/ which king sent to him for peas offering to him great gifts. Than this consul answered. No battle shall cause me to flee/ nor no money corrupt me/ for I had liefer command rich men to do this & this/ than be rich myself. ¶ Tonu●ius subdued the cite of Argivorum/ & a legion of Rome knights he sent to Rome to be be●en openly in the market place for thet held them not leefully to the court of rome For the law was kept so straightly at Rome/ that & they had failed to do their due observances in virtue/ they should be punished. The romans afore & after were the most noble men after the worlds honesty that might be/ & in all manner of virtue circumspect as holy doctors say/ that they put examples to christian men/ but not the intention/ for they lacked the key of faith.   

¶ Incipiunt reges egipti: qr asr non pont fieri ●tinuatio: & intexunt reges Sirie.  
 
PTholomus Philodolphus was this time king in Egypt. This man was the very worshipper of one god & full gracious to the Jews/ of whom xx. M. &. C. he delivered out of captivity and that he did that he might please the god of Israel/ of whom he had herd marvels/ & his law he desired to have/ & that might not be translated in to none other language but of devout men/ & that with due reverence & solemnity. Certain men attempted to have written it among the stories of the gentiles/ whom the plague of god stroke till they repented. This king sent unto Eleazar the bishop/ to send to him learned men/ the which he did gladly. Vide pl’a in magro historio.   

¶ Anno mund. M ix C lix Et ante Christi nativitatem. ij. C xl  
ALiud of the line of Chryst gate Eleasar as it is open in Math i And more in scripture is not had of him. ¶ Omias bishop was son to Simon. Simon was bishop after him which was a very religious man/ he reform the temple of god better/ & increased the cite of Jerusalem: with many other good things ¶ Semproniꝰ/ Appius Claudius/ Gueus Gaius/ Attilius Regulus/ Emilius Fabius this time were senators at Rome. This Semproniꝰ fought against the country of Picentes/ & almost the chivalry on both parts were slain/ except a few romans were left alive that subdued the country. Appius Claudius subdued Syracusanas'/ & the country of Penos/ & put great tribute on them. Attilius Regulus a noble senator overcamme three kings: & lxxiij cities subdued/ & a dragon of. C xu foot he slew. Afterward when he was over cruel against his enemies/ denying to give them peace but if they would pay a mighty tribute: they almost in despair fought against him & overcame him & his host/ & took him/ & yet they would fain have had peas/ but this faithful man had liefer die in pain than to give peace to cursed people. His loving saint Austyn greatly exalteth. Emilius Fabius & Gaius would have delivered Regulus but they obtained not. ¶ Ptholomeas Euergites this time was king of egypt a victorious prince & a mighty. This man subdued Syrian & Cicilian & the most part of asia/ and took their gods & brought them in to his country. ¶ Ptholomeus Philopater son to Euergites reigned in Egypte xvij year. This man fought against two brethren. Selencum & great Anthiocum/ & he prostrated many a thousand/ but nevertheless he prevailed not. Vide pl’a i johann super Daniel. ¶ Hanyball the most cursed king of Penorum or of affricanorum mightily hated the romans/ for he destroyed them almost to the uttermost end/ & nigh the cite of Rome he destroyed/ & so many noble men of romans he slew at one time/ that three bushels of gold rings he drew of their fingers. Also in a certain water of the slain bodies of these romans/ he made as it were a bridge/ that his host might pass. And at the last Cipio the noble senator directed his host to him & discomfited him/ & almost Cipios' host of romans were slain. ¶ Lucatius consul. Sipronius valerius/ Fulnius lutinus Gaius/ & Scipio ruled at Rome. This time the Romays had peace one year alone/ & it was taken for a miracle that they had so long rest/ for afore this time in. iiij. C. & xl year the romans had never rest. These consuls when the year was done congregated all the strength of italy/ & they had in their host eight M. armed men/ for dread of the frenchmen/ whom they dread strongly/ & afterward the romans subdued them. ¶ Epiphanes the son of Philopat reigned in egypt xxiiij year. Cleopatra daughter to great Anthiocus was his wife. ¶ Anthiocus magnus this time reigned in Syrry/ which did much mischief to the Jews. Vt pꝪ Math. ¶ Onias this time was bishop in Jerusalem. This Onias for the tyranny of Anthiocus fled with many jews into egypt/ feigning him to fulfil the prophecy of isaiah xix that is to wite/ to build the temple. But in that he sinned/ for he said otherwise than he thought. The king of Egypte graciously received him/ & gave him the land of Helipolees/ & there he builded his temple. Simon his son was bishop at Jerusalem after that his father was fled.   

¶ Circa annum mund. M xxxiiij Et ante Christi nativitatem. C .lxv.  
ELeasar of the line of Chryst was about this time: of him no thing is written in scripture/ but the Math. numbereth him. Vt pꝪ. i ¶ Omas Pius was to the Jews bishop this time/ a holy man/ & well beloved with god & man/ & not all only with good men/ but ill men also. At the last unright wisely was slain of Andronito. Vt pꝪ. two macha four ¶ Paulus Terentius/ Scipto Affricanus/ these were senators at Rome/ these two erected an host against Hanyball/ & there almost the romans hope died/ for there was slain xliiij thousand romans. And this noble man Scipio Affricanus brought again the state of the romans the which stood in a despair never to have recovered. For he fought with Hanyball manly & discomfited him. All Spain he overcame. All Affryke he subduedgrete Anthiocus he brought to be his servant. All Asiam he made tributary to the romans. This man so noble & so victorious by his own unkind country was outlawed/ & there he died. ¶ Philometor the son of Epiphanes of Cleopatra reigned in egypt xxxv year. This king yet a child noble Anthiocus greatly oppressed with many deceits. But the romans sent legates the which commanded Anthiocus that he should cease of his tyranny against him. And Marcus Publius made a circle about Anthiocus saying thus. The senators of rome & the people command y● that y● go not out of this circle till y● have answered to this matter. This antiochus saying that he might not continue his tyranny said. If it be thus commanded me of the senators and romans/ I must needs turn again & so would angry he was that he lost the siege of Alexander/ & turned to the poor releves of the jews/ venging him on them because he might not venge him on no mightier people. Vt pꝪ in lib. macha i et two  
MAthathias an holy man/ & of all praising most worthy/ hated in his heart the conversation of all sinners all only trusting in our lord god of Israel. Vt pꝪ prio macha two And this man had .v. sons of the same love unto god. This man was not bishop in Israel/ but his iii sons were. ¶ judas Mathabeus was bishop iii year/ & he was son to Mathathias. This machabeus was the most named man that ever was in Isarel/ that which had never none like him afore ne after. He was in battle a mighty man/ & offered him to die a martyr for the laws of god. ¶ jonathas his brother succeeded him. rir. year/ the which grew in virtue: & governed & abode steadfast in the laws of god/ & after falsely was slain of Criphone & two of his sons. V●de p●a iuda et free etus lib. macha. ¶ Antiochus Epiphanes son to Antio thus the mighty this time was king of Sirry. This man from the heed unto the foot within & without all was cursed/ & therefore he was figured to antichrist. Many mar tyrs he made cruelly/ & falsely he disposed him to enter in to Egypt as his father did but he obtained not/ for the romans letted him to his unhappy work/ & how he was in hostage at Rome/ & how the prophecy of Daniel is completed in him ye may see in the book of Macha. ¶ Quintus flami nius/ Marchus Catho/ Thiberius Graceus were senators of Rome. This time so meche battle was the learned men of gen tiles & of the true faith both were weary to write the acts/ or have them in mind. In that which battles men meruay led greatly on the stead fastness of the romans that no tribulation/ no dread nor hardness might fere them/ but ever continued in battle. And certainly these romans after the worlds honest/ they were the most wisest men that were/ & therefore the Maccabees desired their company.   

¶ Circa annum mundi .v. M lix Et ante Christi nativitatem. C xl  
MAthan sone to Sadoth of the line of Chryst gate jacob. Vt patet Mathei. ●. ¶ Simon son to Mathathias was bishop viii year. This Simon was a very wise man/ & from his youth until his age was ever of good conversation/ evermore virtuous. And at the last he was slain of his brother Elay. Vt pꝪ. i macha. ¶ johannes Hyrcanus son to Simon was after his father xxix year/ a noble man as all the kindred was before him. This man after his decease left his wife a very wise woman & his five sons to govern the jewry/ of whom the eldest was called Aristobolus an unpatient man and an unhappy. His own mother with three of his younger brethren he prisoned/ & slew them through hunger/ & so alone he lived king & bishop one year. Vide p●a libro machabeorum. ¶ Publius Lucinius Lucius Emilius/ Lucius Lucinius/ & Lucius Censorinus were consuls at Rome/ in whose time the Cartagyens & the romans warred strongly together/ but the romans subdued them/ intending to have destroyed the Cartagyens utterly. But among the romans there was a notable wise man called Scipio Nauta/ & among many notable counsels/ two he gave specially to be had in mind. The first that Cartago should not be destroyed/ that through the occasion of forehand battles/ a inward concord and peace should abide among the romans/ & a perpetual strength for continual exercise of battle. The second/ that in no wise the teathur should be buyided in Rome/ for he said that was the most enemy that might be unto the people which used war/ for that place nourished sloth and provoked lechery. And how wisely this notable man gave cosiseyle/ the times following declare. Vide p●a in Augu. decivi. dei. et Oro. lib. four Yet for all this counsel the noble cite of Cartagye was destroyed of Scipio & the senators And it brent xvii days continually/ many men there were sold/ & many men ran in to the fire wilfully. ¶ Corinthus this same year was destroyed of the Ro mains/ which was the richest country of the world. ¶ Ptholomeus this time reigned in Egypt/ & was familiar with the romans. And so long he & his predecessors reigned as they kept fidelity to the Romans. And know every man that there was none other cause that the power of the romans increased so strong lie above other people/ but virtue that which haboundauntly reigned in them/ & namely rightwiseness/ that which above all thing they used. And as long as they kept mesurenes & loved rightwiseness so long they were never overcomen/ & as soon as they were corrupted/ it is red they were overcomen. ¶ It is had in a certain revelation of god showed to saint Brigit/ that our lord god beareth witness to these old Romans/ the none in this world of pure natural reason lived more rightwisely. And what lights of faith they showed in the time of christian religion shall be showed afterward.   

¶ Regnum judeorum restituitur.  
ARistobolus was the first king & priest in the jewry. This man reigned one year alone/ & took to him the diadem of the kingdom. And he held him not content with that the his father gave him in his testament. But he put his mother in prison & his brethren/ & therefore he perished wretchedly with his brother Antigonus/ the which was of his counsel & helped him. Vide magr̄m in historiis. ¶ Antigonus brother to the king was slain through the envy of the queen. ¶ Alexander was bishop after Airstovolus/ & he stood xxvii year/ & he was a tyrant/ all though he appeared sober in the beginning. But he made it known what he was in his stomach. For he slew his own brethren/ & in xii year he slew l M. of the old sage faders of great virtue/ because they cold him his mysguyding. Than when he should dre he left two sons behind him/ ●i●●anū & Aristobolun. But certainly he said his wife should regne/ for she stood in the grace of the people. ¶ Servius Flaccus/ Lucius Celius/ Fabius Publius/ this time were senators at Rome. This time battles among themselves began Of the which the first cause & the begin ning was Gracius a mighty man & well known with noble romans began to seek a cause against them. And because that he might do no thing alone to them/ he moved the common people to them saying/ that all the lands & possessions should be divided equally/ & also the money. & ●. And for that cause there was an insurrection/ in that which Gracius was slain/ & many nuscheves fell after. Vide Orostum. ¶ In the time of these men there was a child borne at Rome having four feet four arms. i●. faces and iiij. eyen. ¶ The hill of Ethna spitted out flaming fire horribly/ & destroyed the places nigh about it. ¶ And these men vering rule Cartago was commanded to be restored/ & it was fulfilled of the Ro main people. And there was mighty battle in the cite of Rome. ¶ Fab●us with a little host overcame the king of ●rmenye/ and there were drowned an hundred and lxxx Nus. men in the water of Reme. ¶ P●holomeus Alexander was king in Egypt. In his time was borne Luretius a poet/ that which afterward was mad for love of women & slew himself. ¶ Ptholomeus some to Cleopatra reigned after him/ under whom Salustius the noble writer of histories was borne. ¶ Ptholomeus Dionysius was after this man. And in his time Virgyli & Dracius were borne.   

¶ Anno mund. M.C.xxxiiij. Et ante Christi nativitatem ix C .v.  
Jacob natural father to joseph of the line of Chryst is rehearsed in Luke & Mathewe/ & little of him is had in scripture. ¶ Alexandra wife to Alexander was bishop in the jury ix year/ & she did moche tyranny/ all if she was made bysihop by her feigned holy religion. And Nircanun her son promoted to the bishopric/ & she ordained that he should regne after her. This woman in the line of the bishops is put for the countynge of the years. Not that she used the office of a bishop/ for it was not leeful to her. ¶ Hircanus son to Alexander reigned xxxiij. year. This Hircanus after the decess of his mother succeeded in the kingdom/ in that which he had little prosperity for partiality of the people. For anon he was overcomen/ & afterward he was restored through the help of the Arabees And than he was made tributary to the romans/ & so he was in peace a little time/ but not in the name of king. At the last he died wretchedly/ for he was beguiled through the fraud of Parthorum/ the which Antigonus hired against him. Vide plene magr̄m histo. ¶ The heresy of the pharisees about this time began & among them were three sects in the jury/ Pharisei/ Saducei/ & Essei/ all these were divided fro the common use of the jews/ & were infect with many errors for they said that they were holier than other men/ for they lived straytlyer than other men did. Vide plus alias. ¶ Virgyll the most famous and excellent of poets was magnified this time/ and mernaylous things he did/ & among other when than Neopolis was vexed with deadly pain of mighty worms Virgyl cast a worm of gold in to a pond or a water/ & it lay there a cetayn season. And when it was taken up in to the town/ all the cite was made full of worms/ & till the worm of gold was put in to the water again/ they had infinite worms/ & when it was in the water all the worms went away. ¶ Also it is written in the chronicles of Rome/ the Virgyll by cunning condensed or thycked the air/ so that he walled his garden with the air/ & he made a bridge of the air by the which he might pass every time that he list. Also he asked Marcellum Neopolitanun neve we unto the emperor if he would have a bird taught to kill all birds/ or a fly taught to drive all flies out of the city. And this Marcellum told this to the emperor. And he desired to teach a fly to kill all flies/ for the common people were sore annoyed with flies And many other marvels he did. Vide magrmm Rodulfum Cestern. ¶ Dracius Flaccus/ and Salustius Crispus historicus were this tyme. ¶ Quintus Cipio/ Gaius Lucius this time were consuls at Rome. ¶ Pompeius/ Marcus Crassus'/ & Julius Cesar this time were dictators at Rome. For as it is said afore there were many dignities at Rome/ of the which some dured one year/ & some two year. And among all the dignities the dictators exceeded/ for it dured five year continually. But when the common people & the lordships of Rome increasing were made three dictators. And this time were Pompeius julius/ & Marcus crassus dictators/ & because Pompeius was of great honour and aged/ he abode at Rome to keep the common people of Rome. ¶ Marcus Crassus was sent to subdue & fight with the region of Perthus/ & through treason he was taken & slain. ¶ julius Cesar was sent to the west part of the world to subdue them. And he had with him. vi●. legyons of people. And when he had subdued lombardy & France/ his .v. year were spended that which were assigned to him & no longer. There by his own authority he took other .v. year on him/ in that which he subdued Cassibalon king of britain/ & the frenshmen that rebelled against him. This julius after he had conquered these countries unto Rome he road again for to be received with certain worship as conquerors were before him/ but it was denied him/ & also the entry of the cite/ by instigation of a lord called Pompey. Wherefore this jultꝰ Cesar was annoyed/ & with force of might entered the cite/ & rob the common treasure/ & led it with him/ & departed it among the .v. legyons' that were his servants. Than went he in to Spain to fight against this Pompey/ for Pompey had the governance of Cartago. But after that journey in italy Pompey & he encountered together/ in which battle Pompey fled unto the king of Egypt. And that same king for special love that he had unto this julius Cesar/ smo●e of Pompey's heed/ & sent it to julius Cesar. Yet for all the enemyte that was betwixt these two/ julius wept when that he same this Pompey's heed. This julius was exceeding in wit afore other men & he fought in battle lij times. This man alone exceeded Marcus Crassus'/ the which is said to have fought xxxix times. This man took first the empire of Rome upon him when Pompey and other noble men of the romans were clayne. And at the last the fifth year of his empire this julius Cesar the ruler of all the world was slain in the counsel house through treason of his lords. ¶ Cathon the most named philosopher laying Julius cesar have the victory/ whom he favoured not/ at a town called Utican slew hymselselfe. juxta illud. Mawlt Cato mori/ quam deroget urbis honori. But for that (after Austyn) he was not excused of sin. ¶ This time the jury was tributary to the romans for partiality of two brethren/ Aristobolus/ & Erranus both of them for envy of other kest them to the romans that they might regne. ¶ This time three sons appeared i heaven toward the east part of the world the which by little & little were brought in to one body. A great sign it was that Africa/ asia & Europa should be brought in to one monarchy/ & that the lordship of Anthony the senator & Lucus Anton●● should turn in to one lordship. ¶ Marcus Cicero Tulius the most excellent ●ethoricien was consul of Rome this tyme.   

¶ How that the Britons granted unto Cassibalon that was Lud'S brother the land/ in whose time julius Cesar came twice for to conquer britain.  
AFter the death of king Lud reigned his brother Cassibalon & became a good man & moche beloved of his Bry tons/ so that for his goodness & courtesy they granted him the realm for ever more to him and to his heirs. And the king of his goodness let nourish worthily both the sons that were Luds his brother/ & after made the eldest son earl of cornwall/ and the youngest son he made earl of London. And whiles this Cassibalon reigned came julius cesar that was emperor of Rome in to this ●o●de with a power of romans/ & would have bad this land through strength/ but Cassybalon overcame him in battle through help of the Britons/ & drove him out of this land. And he went again to Rome and assembled a great power an other time/ and came again in to this land for to give battle to Cassibalon/ but he was discomfited through strength of the brytons/ & through help of the earl of cornwall & the earl of London his brother/ and through help of Gudyan king of scotland/ and Corbond king of north wales/ and of Bretayll king of south wales. And in this battle was slain Nemyon that was Cassybalons brother/ wherefore he made moche sorrow And so went julius Cesar out of this land with a few of romans that were left alive. And than Cassybalon went again to London/ & made a feast to all his folk that had helped him. And when that this feast was all done/ than every man went home to his own country.   

¶ Of the debate that was between Cassybalon & the earl of London/ & of the truage that was paid to Rome.  
ANd after it befell upon a day that the gentlemen of the kings household/ & the gentlemen of the earls household of London after meet went together for to play/ & through debate that arose among them/ Enelin that was the earls cousin of London slew Irenglas that was the kings cousin/ wherefore the king swore that Enelyn should be hanged But the earl of London that was Enelyns lord would not suffer him/ wherefore the king was greatly vexed & worth to war death earl/ & thought to destroy him/ & privily the earl sent letters to julius Cesar/ that he should come in to this land for to help him/ & him avenge upon the king/ & he would help him with all his might. And when the emperor heard these tidings/ he was full glad/ & ordained a strong power/ & came again the third time in to this land/ & the earl of London holp him with vij M. men And at the third time was Cassybalon overcomen & discomfited/ & made peas with the emperor for there thousand pound of silver yielding by year for truage for this land for evermore. And than within half a year after julius Cesar the emperor went unto Rome/ and the earl of London with him. For he durst not abide in this land. And after Cassibalon reigned xvij year in peace and than he died the xvij year of his regne/ and lieth at York.   

¶ How the lords of the land after the death of Cassybalon/ & for because he had none heir/ made Andragen king.  
AFter the death of Cassybalon for as much as he had none heir of his body leefully begotten/ the lords of the land by the comyns assent crowned Andragen earl of cornwall/ & made him king. And he reigned well & wor● thely/ and he was a good man/ and well governed the land. And when he had reigned eight year than he died/ & lieth at London.   

¶ Circa annum mundi .v. M. C lix Et ante Christi nativitatem xl  
joseph of the line of Chryst was borne about this time/ and after was husband unto our lady. ¶ Antigonus was bishop this time in the Iury. This Antigonus was son unto Aristobolus/ and on every side he was false. For he obeyed not to the romans and a great plague he brought unto the land for to destroy Hircanus his own uncle/ that he might regne king/ and so Hircanus was expulsed/ & Falelus was slain/ & Herode was exiled. But when Herode came to Rome & told the senators all these things/ the emperor created him king/ sending with him an host/ the w●●the took jerusalem/ & Antigonun the bishop was taken & led to Anthony the senator/ the which made him syker/ & so was Herode confirmed in to his kingdom. And he a stranger reigned on the jews. And so the kingdom of the jews cessed/ as jacob had said. ¶ Titus Livius historicus/ and Ovidius were this tyme.   

¶ Incipiunt imꝑatores Augusti. et dictus est Augustus quia augebat populum.  
Octavian was emperor of Rome ivij. year uj months & ten days This Octavian nephew to july when he was a youge man took the empire 〈◊〉 him. His floury sshing youth he spended in war. five. M. battles he did And shortly after many battles ●●●he world he brought in to one monarchy. This man had no fellow/ & in his days peace was in all the world through the provision of the very god/ that the temporal peas might glorify the nativity of our saviour Chryst jesus. This Octa vyan was the fairest man that might be/ & high in wit/ the most fortunate in all things/ & he lacked nor the vice of his fleshly lust. This man made all the world to be measured. And in the lij year of his regne was borne the saviour of all the world Chryst jesus/ the which grasifeth eternal peace to his lovers. ¶ Her no ●a sedz Ieronymsi. that Anna & Emeria were sisters and of Emeria was borne Elizabeth ●●der to john baptist. And Anna was first wedded to joachun/ of whom she took Marry 〈…〉 of Chryst The second husbonds was Cleophe/ & be gate on her mary Cleophe/ which was wedded to Alphe/ of whom preceded james the less/ Simon Cananeus/ Judas Tadeus/ & joseph which is called Barsabas. The third time Anna was wedded to Salome/ of whom she took mary Salome/ which was wedded to zebedi: & of them came james the more & john the evangelist. The first Mary wedded joseph brother to Cleophe afore said. ¶ This time Sibilla Tiburtina prophesied of Chryst/ & said to the emperor August/ that he should not ●ro we that he was god after the foolishness of the paynims And there she showed him a fair virgin in heaven/ holding a child in her arrives & said to him. This child is greater than thou/ & therefore do him worship. ¶ The monarchy of Rome about this time increased mightily. And when it was so that by all the world in divers ꝓuynces' battles were raised suddenly all men meruayling they were sessed and put them holy to the prince of Rome that openly it might be showed that such an universal peace came never by labour of battle/ but of the power of the very god/ that in his nativity peace should regne in the world. ¶ Herode Ascolonita was king in the jury xxxvij year. This Perede ydumeus was the first strange king that reigned on the Jews. The master in histories saith he was a noble man and faithful in the begyuing & in all thing he had him nobly. He was very gentle unto the romans & to the people that loved peas. And in his old age when he would over moche please the Ro mains/ & herd of the birth of Chryst dreading to be expulsed of his kingdom as a stranger/ wretchedly fell & slew the Innocentes & divers of his own children. And at the last was hateful to all people/ fell seek & died wretchedly. ¶ Marry the mother of Chryst was borne afore the nati vite of Chryst xuj year/ or there about.   

¶ Of Kymbalyn that was Andragens son that well governed britain.  
AFter the death of Andragen reigned Kymbalyn his son that was a good man & well governed the land in great prosperity & peace all his life tyme. And in his time Chryst was borne of the blessed virgin Mary. This king Kym balyn had two sons/ Gynder & Armager/ good knights and worthy. And when this Kymbalyn had reigned. xxij year he died/ and lieth at London.   

¶ Christus natus est ex virgine Maria anno mundi .v. M. C. lxxxxviij.  
IN the beginning of the xlij year of Octavian the emperor the which began to regne in March/ & the xxxj year of Herode/ the. seven. C lj year after that Rome was builded/ the uj month from the conceiving of john baptist/ the viij. kalend of Apryll/ the uj fery at Nazareth of galilee of the virgin mary was conceived Chryst our saviour/ and the same year was borne.    


¶ Here at Christ's nativity beginneth the sixth age during to the final judgement/ having years as god knoweth.  
¶ Here beginneth the sixth age during to the end of the World. 
Christus natus est.   
When our lord jesus Chryst was borne/ a well of ail sprang beyond Tiber by Rome/ & ran all the day. ¶ The golden image fell the which Romulus had made & put in his palace/ saying. This image shall not fall until a maid bear a child.  
¶ When Herode disposed him to slay the children of Israel/ he was commanded by the letter of the emperor to come to rome to answer to the accusation of his children Alexium & Aristoboli. And there were three Herodes greatly spoken of for their ill d● des. The first was called Ascolonita/ & under this man was Chryst borne/ & the children of Israel were slain. The second was called Antipas/ son to the first Herode/ under whom John baptist was heeded/ and Chryst suffered death. And the third was called Agrippa/ son to Aristoboli/ son to the first Herode/ the which slew james & prisoned Peter. The first Herode when he saw his sons Alexium & Aristoboli through the pretence of his letter by the emperor sent/ strove for the success zion of his kingdom/ he disposed & made Antipater that was his first begotten son to be before them/ & when they were tall king of the death of their father/ he kest them away/ & they went to the emperor to complain of the wrong of their father/ & in the mean time the three kings of Coleyn came by Herode to jerusalem/ & when they came not again by him/ he thought they were ashamed to come again by him/ for because they were deceived/ & that they found not the child as he deemed/ therefore in the mean season he cess to slay the children of Israel/ & than he went to Rome for the citation of the emperor/ & he took his way by the cite of Tarsum/ where he brent the ships in which the three kings of Coleyne should have sailed in to their own countries. Than after a year & certain days this Herode came fr● Rome again accorded with his sons/ & for the confirmation of his kingdom he was made moche bolder/ & than he slew all the children of Bethleem that were of two year of age and under/ that had space of one night of age/ & among these was there one of his own children. And Ariosto stobolus & Alexium were had suspected/ in so much as they promised a barber a great reward for to cut their faders throat when he did shave him. And when this Herode heard this/ he was grieved and there he slew both his sons. And Herode Agrippa his son he ordained to be king. Wherefore Antipater his eldest son was about to poison his father/ the which Herode Agrippa understood/ & prisoned there his brother/ the which the emperor heard/ & said that he had rather be an hog of Herodes than to be one of his sons/ for his hogs he spareth/ & his sons he sleeth. And when Herode was lxx year of age/ he was stricken with a great sickness in his hands & in his feet & in his membres/ that no leech might come to him for stink/ & so died. When Antipater his son that was in prison herd tell of this/ he joyed greatly/ & there for the cause he was slain. Than Archelaus and Herode strove for the succession of the first Herode afore the emperor. The emperor there through counsel of the senators the half of the jury & ydumea gave to Archelaus under name of a tetrarch The other part he divided in to two. Galilee he gave to Herode Antipas/ and Ituriam & Traconitiden he gave to Philip Herodes brother. ¶ And the same year Chryst came from Egypte. And Archelaus was accused many times of the jews/ & was exiled in to Viennan in to France. And in the place were set four tetrarchs to the reproving of the unstableness of the Jews. ¶ And that same year Octavian the emperor died.   

¶ Anno Christi twelve  
IEsu Chryst our saviour at twelve year of age heard the doctors in the temple. Our lord jesus Chryst at xxx year of age was baptized.  
Crux Christi.  
¶ jesus Chryst the lord of all lords at. xxxiij year of age and three months died for his servants. ¶ Innius Rufus was bishop in the jury about this tyme. Valerius Gracius was after him xj. year. This man openly sold the bishopric/ & he that gave most had it. And so there was many in a little while ¶ Poncius Pylatus was judge & proctor in the jury under the emperor. And under this man saint john baptist began to preach. And our lord jesus Chryst suffered death/ whom pilate condemned to death wrongfully for dread of the emperor. ¶ Tyrus a certain king gate a ●hysde on Pyla a poor man's daughter named Atus/ & this child of his medor's name & his belsyre put together was called Pylatus. This Pylatus the four year of his age was sent to his father the which king on his wise leefully had gotten a child even of the age of pilate. And because this leeful gotten child as they proceeded in age exceeded this bastard Pylatus/ he was full of envy/ & slew his brother the leeful gotten child. Wherefore his father forth with sent him to Rome for pledge for his tribute that he paid to rome intending he would never redeem him In the which time the kings son of France was pledge for his tribute/ the which exceeded him in strength & chyvalry also he slew him. Therefore the romans sent pilate as a profitable man for the common weal to the isle of Ponto/ to tame the cursed people the which slew every judge that came to them. And he that cursed man governed that unhappy people/ what with threatening and with promise/ & with law/ and with gifts/ that none of them durst do contrary to his pleasure/ wherefore he was called pilate of Ponto. ¶ Herode Antipa young in his conversations/ with gifts and messengers drew him to him and made him prince of the jury under him. And this time pilate gathered much money/ and Herode not knowing he went to Rome that he might receive of the emperor that Herode had given him. Wherefore Herode & pilate were enemies together unto the passion of our lord/ when the pilate sent jesus Chryst unto Herode clothed in a white cloth than they were made friends. ¶ Ovidius Naso in Ponto about this time died the fourth year of his exile. ¶ Tiberius this time was emperor at Rome/ and he reigned xxiij year/ and he lived in the year that our lord jesus Chryst died/ & somewhat after. This man was in all his works greatly advised/ that there should be nothing suddenly done/ wise in wars/ studious in books/ fair of speech/ fresh in wit/ save he would oftentimes feign himself to do things that he would not were done of other. This emperor understood & trusted in Chryst/ and worshipped him for god. Some men say at the last he was cruel against the people/ but it was a great reason of pity that he was ever gracious to his subjects and poor men. And he had peace all his days/ & all people that said against christian folk/ without any mercy he destroyed. And he exiled pilate for ever. Than he deceased & a worse succeeded him. ¶ After Eusebe it is written/ that our lord at xxx year of his age chose his twelve apostles/ the which made our Crede/ that is our believe/ & they made it after the resurrection of Chryst and after the holy ghost was sent unto them/ when they had chosen Mathias the apostle/ & each of them made a part/ as it is showed here after. And this Mathias was chosen between the day of the ascension & whytsondaye/ in the place of judas scaryot the traitor/ of whom in an history is red thus. ¶ There was a certain man in jerusalem that height Reuben/ & after saint Jerome he was of the tribe of ysachar/ & his wife height Ciborea/ the which on a certain night when he would lustily know his wife/ she dreamed that she should here a child of mischief/ & that child should be a traitor to his king and to all the people of that region. And when that child was borne & called judas/ his father & his mother abhorred as well to slay their child/ as to nourish a traitor to the king & all his people/ therefore they put him in to a pannier or leep in to the see. And he flowed to the isle of Scaryoth/ where the lady of that place had no children by her husband/ & she feigned her to be with child/ but she failed And after a little season the same lady & queen conceived a child of her husband And when he was of age judas many times angered him/ and caused him to weep/ the which the queen saw/ & bet judas many times/ & after she knowledged that judas was not the kings son nor hers/ wherefore judas slew the kings son/ and he dread the pain of the law/ & fled with certain exiles to jerusalem. And when he came there/ he gate him to Pylates' court that was judge. And because that one cursed man draweth to another/ therefore he drew to pilate/ & stood greatly in his favour. And upon a certain day when pilate looked out of his palace in to an orchard of a man's that was called Reuben the which was very father to judas/ pilate desired to have apples/ and judas went to gather apples and Reuben ran to judas for to let him because he took his apples without any leave. And after that they had chydden this judas smote his father on the heed with a stone & slew him/ & judas fled away secretly after the deed/ but it was said that Reuben died suddenly. Than Pilate gave judas all Rubens goods & his wife Ciborea that was his mother. And he dealt not courteously with her as a man should do with his wife/ wherefore she wept because she had put her son in the see/ & that she was married against her will. It was ꝑreyved that judas had slain his father & wedded his own mother. Than Ciborea his mother & wife stirred him to leave his sin which he did & followed Chryst/ & he for gave him his sins/ & made him his proctor & apostle/ & how false he was to Chryst it needeth not to rehearse. And the same year Mathewe was chosen/ & the holy ghost was sent unto them as is said before. The apostles or they were sparpled in to all the world/ they gathered them together in jerusalem/ and made the Credo our believe here following.  
Petrus 
Credo in deum patrem oipotentem creatorem cel● et terre.  Andrea's 
Et in jesum Christum filium eius unicum dominum nostrú.  johannes 
Qui conceptus est de spiritu scton/ natus ex maria virgine.  jacobus 
Passus sub poncio Pylato crucifixus mortuus & sepultus.  Thomas 
Descendit ad inferna/ tertia die resurrexit a mortuis.  jacobus 
Ascendit ad celos sedet ad dexteram dei patris omnipotentis.  Philippus 
Ind venturus est judicare vivos et mo tuos.  Bartholo. 
Credo in spiritum sanctum.  Matheus 
Sanctam ecclesiam catholicam.  Simon 
Sanctorum commu ●●onem/ remissionem peccatorum.  judas 
Carnis resurrectionem.  Mathias 
Et vitam eternam Amen.   
IEsu Chryst our saviour arose fro death to life and said to his disciples. All the power in heaven and earth is given unto me. And go ye thus in to all the world and preach & teach unto every creature/ and I shall be with you to the end of the world. ¶ Here be chose him lxxii disciples. And he had. 〈◊〉. apostles the which he sent in to all the world to preach. It is not red that there were 〈…〉 oo ordres among the disciples of Chryst. Of whom the priests & bishops in the church of god yet keep the form. For to the apostles the bishops succeed/ and to the disciples preestes/ to the which two ordres all the church is given as a godly g●rarchy. Vt paret in decreto Damaste pape.  

Wrote in Asia in greek language. In principio erat verbum. etc. johannes.  
Wrote in italy/ but in greek language. Initium evangelii jesu Christi. etc. Marcus.  
Wrote in grecia in greek language. Fuit in di●bus Herodis regis Jude sacerdos. etc. Lucas.  
Wrote in the jury in hebrewe language. Liber generatiois jesu Christi. etc. Matheus.   
¶ Here beginneth the order of pope's of Rome/ & continueth as the line of christ did afore. For in them god left his power.   

¶ Anno domini xxxiiij  
PEter a jew the first pope was a blessed man & a glorious apostle of Chryst. He was heed of the church after jerom xxxvij year. And he held his bishopric in the cest .v. year and said 〈…〉 〈…〉 made our lord/ & alone said the Patt 〈…〉 oster. Than after he came to Antioch●●m/ & there he abode vij year teaching the way of troth/ & Simon Magus he confounded & overcame. That season he preached to the people that were circumcised which were in Ponto of Galati/ Capadocia/ Asia/ Bithynia. Than herd he that Simon Magus deluded the romans through the love of the faith/ he came to Rome in the fourth year of Claudius the emperor/ & there he preached the word of god/ & showed the falsehood of Simon Magus/ and turned many a man to the faith. Than he sent his preachers by divers provinces/ by whom christian religion was mightily increased. He ordained the feast of lentyn afore●ester/ and the advent/ & the 〈…〉 yng days to be fasted of all christian people/ in to the mirror of the first & second coming of our lord. Than when he had been pope at Rome xxv year vij months & eight days he was slain of Nero. Eius p●a opera vide act. ap●orum. ¶ Gaius this time was emperor at Rome/ and reigned three year and ten months. This Gaius was full vicious in living/ for two of his own sisters he misused/ & on one of them he gate a daughter/ which child he set betwixt the knees of jupiter in the temple/ & feigned afterward the jupiter had gotten her/ wherefore he did d●trye through the country the all men should worship her as a goddess. This man also made an image like himself/ & sent it to one Patronie precedent at jerusalé under the romans/ commanding him that he should compel the jews to do worship thereto. And for these enormities & many other/ our lord suffered him to be slain at Rome in his own palace.   

¶ Of king Gynder that was Kymbalyns son/ that would not pay the truage to Rome for the land that Cassibalon had granted/ and how he was slain of a Roman.  
ANd after the death of this Kymbalyn reigned Gynder his son a good man and a worthy/ & was of so high heart that he would not pay to Rome the tribute that king Cassybalon had granted unto julius Cesar/ wherefore the emperor that was than that was Claudius Cesar/ was sore annoyed and grieved/ and ordained a great power of romans/ and came in to this land for to conquer the tribute through might and strength/ and for to have it on the king. But this king Gynder and Armager his brother assembled and gathered a great host together of Britons and gave battle to the emperor Claudius/ & slew of the romans great plenty. The emperor had afterward one that was called Hamon that saw their people were there fast slain/ & privily cast away his own arms/ & took the arms of a deed bryton & armed him therewith and came in to the battle to the king/ & thus he said. Sir be of a good heart for gods love/ for the romans your enemies anon shall be slain & discomfited. And the king gave no keep to his words/ for because of the arms that he had upon him/ & wend it had been a Bryton But the traitor ever held him next the king/ & privily under the shoulder of his arm he smote the king/ wherefore the king died & fell down to the earth. When Armager saw his brother so deed he cast away his arms & took to him his brothers arms/ & came in to the battle among the brytons/ & bad them heartily for to fight & fast lay down the romans. And for the arms they wend it had been king Gynder that afore was slain that they wist not. Than began the Brytons fiercely to fight/ & slew the romans. So at the last the emperor for soak the field & fled as fast as he might with his folk in to Wynchestre. And the falls traitor Hamon that had slain the king fast anon began to flee with all the haste that he might. And Armager the kings brother pursued him full fiercely with a fierce heart/ & drove him unto a water and there he took him/ & anon smote of both hands & feet & heed/ & hewed the body all to pieces/ & than let cast him in to the water/ wherefore that water was called Hamon's haven. And afterward there was made a fair town that yet standeth that is called Southamton. And afterward Armager went to Wynchester to seek Claudius the Emperor/ and there took him. And Claudius the emperor through counsel of his romans that were left alive made peace with Armager in this manner following/ that is to say/ that Claudius should give unto Armager Gennen his daughter to wife & that this land fro that time forward should be in the emperors power of Rome taking none other tribute but homage. And they were accorded. And upon this covenant Claudius' cesar sent to Rome for his daughter Gennen. And when she was comen Claudius gave her to Armager to wife. And Armager spoused her at London with great solem●nite. And than he was crowned king of britain.   

¶ Of king Armager in whose time saint Peter preached in Antioch with other apostles in divers countries.  
THis Armager reigned well and worthily & governed well the land And Claudius' cesar in remembrance of this accord/ & for reverence & honour of his daughter made in this land a fa●●e town & castle/ & let call the town after his name Claucestren/ the new is called Glocestre. And when this was all done the emperor took his l●ue & went to Be●●●. And Armager gate a son on his wife that was called Westmer. And while 〈◊〉 Armager reigned saint Peter preached in Antioch/ & there he made a noble church/ in the which he sat first in his chair/ & there he dwelled vij year. And after he went to Rome & was made pope till that Nero the emperor let martyr him And than preached openly all the apostles in divers lands the true faith. And when Armager had reigned xxiiij year he died/ and lieth at London.   

¶ How king Westmer gave to Berynger an island forlet/ & there this Berynger made the town of Berwyk.  
ANd after this A 〈…〉 ager reigned his son Westmer/ that was a good man and a worthy of body/ & well governed the land. It befell so that tidings came to him on a day that the king Roderyk of Gascoigne was come in to this land with an huge host of people/ and was dwelling in Stanesmore. And when king Westmer heard those tidings/ he let assemble an huge host of Brytons/ and came to king Roderyk & gave him battle. And king Westmer slew Roderik with his own hands in plain battle. And when king Roderykes men saw that their lord was slain/ they yielded them all to king Westmer/ & became his men for evermore. And he gave them a country that was forlet wherein they might dwell/ & thither they went/ and dwelled there all their life time/ & ix C. men there were of them/ & no moo left at that battle. Their governor & prince was called Beringer/ & anon he began a town that they might therein dwell & have resort & let call the town Berwyk upon tweed And there they inhabited & became rich. But they had no women among them/ and the Brytons would not give their daughters to the strangers/ wherefore they went over see in to ireland/ & brought with them women/ and there they them spoused. But the men could not understand their language ne speech of these women/ & therefore they spoke together as scots. And afterward through changing their languages in all France they were than called scots/ and so should the folk of that country be called for evermore.   

¶ How king Westmer let arere a stone in the entering of Westmerlonde there as he slew Roderyk/ & there he began first housing.  
 
ANd after this battle that is above said/ when Roderyk was slain/ king Westmer in remembrance of his victory let arere there besides the way a great stone on high/ and yet it standeth/ and evermore shall stand/ and he let grave in the said stone letters that thus said. The king Westmer of britain slew in this place Roderyk his enemy. And this Westmer was the first that builded house and town in Westmerlonde/ and at that stone beginneth Westmerlonde/ that Westmer let call after his own name. And when Westmer had so done/ he dwelled all his life time in that country of Westmerlonde/ for he loved that country above all other countries. And when he had reigned xxv year he died/ and lieth at Karleyll.   

¶ Of king coil that was king Westmers son/ that held his land in peace all his life tyme.  
COyll Westmers son was crowned king after his father/ and he was a good man & a worthy/ & of good condityons/ & well governed his land/ & of all men he had love and peace. And in his time was never contacke/ debate/ nor war in britain. And he reigned in peace all his life. And when he had reigned xi year he died & lieth at York.  
Claudius was emperor at Rome next after Gayus/ & he reigned xiv. year & eight days. This man came in to great britain now called england for to challenge the tribute which they did deny to the romans. And after great battles there was between the emperor Claudius & Armager king of britain. And after accordment made that this Armager should wed Claudius' daughter/ and after they two should ever live in peace/ in token whereof this Claudius named the cite where they were married after him & called it Claudicestre/ we call it now Glocestre. This Claudius had three wives/ & on Petiva the first wife he gate a daughter that height Antonia The first wife decessed and he wedded Messalinan & gate a son that height Britanicus/ & Octavia a daughter. The third he wedded Agrippina/ having a son that height Nero. Claudius wedded his daughter Octavia to Nero his wives son. This Claudius for love that he had to Agrippina his last wife he slew Messalina his second wife/ lest she should have help Britanicus her son & his to the empire. yet Agrippina the last wife of Claudius' dread lest her husband would have ꝓferred Britanicus & have deposed Nero her son/ therefore she poisoned her husband Claudius/ & Nero was promoted to the empire. And this same Nero gave his mother such a reward again/ for he poisoned Britanicus & slew his own 〈…〉 oder & his wife Octavia. ¶ james the more the apostle this time was slain of Herode Agrippa/ & Peter was pryso 〈…〉 d. ut pꝪ act twelve The body of saint james was brought by myr 〈…〉 in to Ga' 〈…〉 of Spain. ¶ Nero after Claudius 〈…〉 s emperor/ & he regne● xiij year & seven. months. This Nero was a cursed man/ & made great waste in the empire He would not fish but with nets of gold & ropes of silk. A great part of the lords of Rome he slew. He was enemy to good men. He slew his brother & his wife/ his mother and his master. He slew also Peter & Paul. He would never were one cloth two times. His horses & his mules were shod with silver. And at the last he did set a great part of Rome on fire/ some say to see how Troy brent/ & some say the romans complained the streets were to narrow. And when he had brent a great part of Rome/ Nero said there was space to build the streets wider. Than the senators with the common people came upon him to 〈…〉 e him And he fled by night in to the subbarbes of the cite/ & hid him among the wines/ & he heard karles & beggars come by him that said/ & they wist where the emperor were/ he should never scape them. Nero thought it should be great derogation to his name & he were slain of karles/ & on a great stake he ●an himself to the heart & died/ & there was buried/ & devils kept his body many a day after/ & did great hurt to the people/ till by a miracle of our lord the body was found & taken away/ & than the devils voided. ¶ Seneca was this time master to Nero. ¶ Iwenalis' poeta. ¶ Lucanus poeta. ¶ james the less the apostle bishop of jerusalem was slain of the Jews the vj. year of Nero. ¶ Marcus the evangelist was martyred the first year of him.   

¶ Cir●a annum Christi lxxiiij  
●Anus ytalicus was pope of Rome ten year & three months &. xi 〈…〉 days. This Linus & his successor Cl●tus through their holy conversation were made to minister the treasure of the th' 〈…〉 the to the people/ Peter being alive 〈…〉 Peter attended to prayer & preaching. It is red of this Cletus that he wrote first in his letters Saluten et apostolicam unndictionem. Afore this time was many a disciple of Peter slain under Nero. ¶ Galba this time was emperor/ & he reigned seven months. This man was made emperor by the power of spain in the same land/ Nero living And after the death of Nero brought to Rome/ & there was slain of a man that came with wheat to Rome. He smote of his heed & bare it to him that was emperor next/ saying all his meu/ & none of them helping him. ¶ In this man's days came the great Rethorycyen to Rome fro Spain/ & was the first the ever taught the science openly/ his name was Quintilian. ¶ Ottho reigned after him/ and he reigned but three months for one Vitellus that was president of France challenged the empire/ & in italy between these two were three great battles/ & in the fourth battle Ottha saw he should be overcomen/ & in great despair he slew himself. ¶ Vitellus reigned after this Ottho eight months for he was a follower of Nero/ most specially in gluttony/ & in singing of foul songs/ & at feestes' eting out of measure that he might not keep it. ¶ Vaspasianus reigned next after him ix year ten months & twelve days. The well governed men of Rome saying the cursed succession of Nero/ sent after this vespasian unto Palestyn/ for there he was & his son Titus/ which had besieged jerusalem. And when he heard that Nero was deed/ by whom he was sent to jerusalem/ and heard of these cursed men reigning/ at the instance of these wise men of Rome/ & not wilfully took upon him the empire. And anon as he was comen to Rome/ he overcame the tyrant Vitellus/ & let him be drawn through Rome/ & after in Tiber till he was died and than let him sail without sepulture for this the people desired. This man was cured of wasps in his nose anon as he believed in our lord jesus/ & that was the cause why he went to jerusalem to venge Christ's death. He fought xxxij. times with his enemies. And he died the year of grace lxxix   

¶ Anno domini lxxxiiij  
●Letus a martyr was pope xi year This Cletus was a Roman/ & greatly he loved pilgrimages to saints saying it was more perfect to the health of man's soul to visit the place the saint Peter was in/ than to fast two year. He cursed all those men letting such pilgrimages or counselors contrary thereto. At the last was martyred by Damacian the emperor. ¶ Titus son to vespasian was emperor this time/ & reigned three year/ & he abode still at jerusalem after the election of his father/ & destroyed the cite/ and slew there (as the story saith) with battle & hunger xi hundred thousand jews/ and an hundred thousand he took/ & sold xxx for a penny/ because they sold our lord jesus Chryst for xxx pens/ & brought theus all thing that was precious/ & put them in his house at Rome/ whithe was called Templum pacis. But now is the place fallen down for the most party. And all these precious jewels be distributed to certain churches in Rome. This Citus was so full of virtue that all men loved him/ so fe● forth that they called him the most delectable of men. He was full liberal to all men/ in so much that he said often times/ that there should no manner man go front an Emperor with an heavy heart/ but he should no somewhat of his petition. He would be sorry that day in the which he had granted no man no benefit. When he was deed/ every man that was in Rome wept for him/ as that they had lost their father. ¶ Domician brother to Titus reigned after him xiv. year & .v. months. first he was easy/ and afterward full unreasonable. For much of the senate was destroyed by his malice/ & also much of his kindred He began the second persecution after Nero against christian men. In that which persecution John the evangelist was exiled in to Pathmos after the emperor had put him in to a ton of brenning oil & hurt him not. So this man was not the follower of his father vespasian/ ne his brother Titus/ but rather like Nero & his kindred. And for his wicked conditions he was slain in his own palace at Rome in the xxvij year of his age. ¶ Clemens a martyr was pope ix year/ and he succeeded Cletus. This Clemens first of saint Peter (as it is said) was ordained to be successor to him. And for peril he would Linun & Cletum should be pope's afore him/ lest that through the ensample prelate's should ordain under them who somever they would. This man made the life of martyrs to be written by regions/ & he made many books. He ordained that a child should be confirmed as soon as it might mannerly after it was chrystened. And at the last he was martyred under trajan. ¶ Nerua was emperor after Domician one year & two months. And when he was chosen he moved the senate to make a law/ that all thing which Domician commanded to be kept should be broken. By which mean saint john the evangelist was loosed out of his exile & suffered to come again to Ephese. This man did an other thing right commendable/ that he assigned so wise a man as trajan was to govern the people after him. Nota. ¶ Traianus hyspa vicus was Emperor xix year. This Traianus many men said he was the best among all the emperors/ but in one thing alone he was vicious/ in so much as he for the love of ye●als gods was about to destroy the christian faith/ judging in himself so most to please god. Some men say not by himself/ but by other he pursued the christian faith/ & in the end of his life he did but few to death. And all his loving I set at nought. But at saint Gregory moved with pite weeping & prayed to our lord for him that he would have mercy upon him/ & by his prayer have him out of hell/ in to which place he was dampened. And now if he be saved or not/ a great alteration is among doctors. And to us that write Cron●ties it is no part of our charge to determine. But all the east part of the world/ Babyl● Selencia/ the veter parts of the y●de. Germayne the second after Alexander he held under. In all these things so piteous & so meekly he guided him to every man as a king. He was gentle and to no man ungentle/ the which is red of few. All the days be lived men said he was the most worthy man in all his empire. And he thought & said evermore that no man was more unworthy to be emperor than he.   

¶ Anno domini. C four  
Anacletus a martyr was pope. i●. year/ & he was a Greek. He monished all christian men the priests should be worshipped above all other men say enge the priests doing sacrifice to god should be borne out/ & not v●red but be worshipped. And when priests said mass they should have witness with them and namely bishops. Also he decreed the clerks should were no ●erdes nor long here. Also that a bishop should be consecrated of three/ & divers other things. At the last the twelve year of trajan he was mar tired/ & buried by the body of saint Peter. ¶ Plinius the second orator & philosopher wrote great things. This man moved trajan that he should withdraw the sentence given against christian folk/ writing to him that they did none ill/ but that they as virtuous folk rose afore day and worshipped jesus Chryst their god secretly in the night. ¶ Evaristus a greek and a martyr was ten year and vij months pope after Anacletus. This man ordained that man & woman should be wedded openly/ and that they should be blessed openly of the priest & father & mother. And he was martyred the third year of Adrian/ & buried by saint Peter. ¶ Alexander a roman was pope eight year & .v. months. This man the most part of the senators he converted to our lord. And he ordained the holy water should be kest in christian men's houses/ & that breed to sing with should be made of clear breed/ and that in little quantity. At the last he was martyred under Adrian that was emperor/ and many he converted to the faith of Chryst. ¶ Sixtus a roman was pope ten year and three months. This man ordained Sanctus sanctus sanctus. etc. should be said in the mass/ & that the holy things of the church should not be touched but of mynystres of the church. Also that the corporas should not be made of silk/ but of pure linen clothe woven & not died/ and that a woman should not touch the holy vessel of the altar/ ne the pall. Also he ordained/ that if any bysshopryke were vacaunt/ that no bishop should be received in to his benefice but with the pope's letters. Also that no mass should be said but upon an altar/ & at the last he was martyred. ¶ Adrian was emperor xxi year. This Adrian in many things is commended/ to christian men otherwhile he was gracious/ and certain of them that would not do sacrifice to the falls gods he slew. He was an universal man almost in all sciences. Peas he had all his days but with the jews/ and many a law he made. And than he commanded that christian men should not be dampened to death but with due process. jerusalem he subdued again/ and forbade that no jew should dwell therein by no wise. christian men he suffered there to dwell. Against his will he came to the empire/ but he governed him very well. When the senators prayed him to call his son emperor after him/ he said. It is enough to me that against my will I have reigned which I have not deserved. For the empire of Rome should not go by succession of blood/ but to such men as deserve it through their merits. Many times he reigneth unuertuously that is a king borne/ and virtue should come before his kingdom. ¶ Eustachius otherwise called Placidus & Therospita his wife and two of their sons/ of whom marvelous things been red/ were martyred by the commandment of Adrian. This Placidus was master of the emperors knights. ¶ jerusalem was restored by Adrian and made larger/ so that the place where Chryst died was within the walls/ that which was without before. And this is the third building again of that city. For it was thrice destroyed/ that is to say/ of Call dice in the time of zedechie/ of Anthiocus in the time of Machabeorum/ & of Titus in the time of Vespasian.   

¶ Anno domini. C xliiij  
●Elesphorus a roman was pope xi year. This man ordained this angels ympne to be sungen in the mass Gloria in excelsis deo. etc. and the gospel to be red afore the sakering/ & on christmas day three masses to be sungen And he ordained there should no mass be said afore three of the last he was martyred/ & buried at saint Peter'S ¶ Ignius a greek was pope four year. This man ordained that a child should have a godfader & a godmoder at baptism & confirmation. Also that no archbishop (excepted the pope) should condemn his suffrygan but if that the cause were showed in the provincial coum sail of bishops. Than he was martyred/ & buried at saint Peter'S. ¶ Antonius Pius was emperor xxij year with his sons Aurolio & Lucio. This man was mightily wise/ & naturally fair of speech/ the which lightly in one man is not found. Nota. exceeding men in wisdom comynly are not fair speched nor peasfull namely of nature. Nor contrariwise. exceeding men in fair speech comynly are less than wise. This man was moved with both these ꝓpertees Therefore many kingdoms the which receded from other emperors/ wilfully to this man returned again. And to christian men was none so gentle. He said through the ensample of Cipio. I had liefer keep one here of a man than slay an hundred of mine enemies. And some martyrs were made under him/ but they were made under the command meant of the emperors afore. And the christen people were so hateful to the bishops & to the priests of the temple of the falls gods that they provoked the princes alway against them. For they supposed that the christen faith should destroy them. There fore it was no marvel (all though the prince was ill pleased/ for they said all their gods were devils) if lower judges pursued christian folk & martyred them ¶ This time ten M. martyrs were crucified in Armenia on an high hill called Arath. ¶ Pompeius trogus isto ●empore historias to●ius orbis a Nino usque ad Occavianum deduxit.   

¶ Anno domini. C liiij  
PIus ytalicus was pope xj year iiij. months & twelve days. This man ordained the feast of easter evermore should be hallowed on the sunday. And also an heretic coming fro the sect of the jews should be received/ & be baptized Than he was martyred & buried in fast Peter's. ¶ Anicetus was pope after Pius almost ten year. This man made man● decrees of the Canon & for bishops. Vt in ca violatores. etc. ¶ Galienus a l●●●e gotten in pergamo was in great fame ●● Rome/ that which not all only exponed the books of hippocras/ but he put many of them to his books. And of this m●●● said for his discrete abstinence that 〈…〉 he lived an. C. and. ●l. year be never ●● ne drank his fill. Nota abstinentiam. He never took raw fruits always he had a sweet breath. He died all only through age & no sickness. ¶ Martus Antonius the true/ & Lucius Comodus were emperors xix year. These two took the empire after Anthony the meek. And than began two emperors to regue but jucius Comodus decesed & Anthony was emperor alone that which was a 〈◊〉 ryous man & a noble but that he made the fourth persecution to slay christian men. This Marcus was of so great sadness & steadfastness/ that for no chance he never laughed/ ne changed no there/ neither for gladness ne for sorrow. And when he was a child he was of such manhood/ that on a certain time when he looked his treasure/ & had not that which he might give his knights & his men/ when he went to fight against the germans/ the Sciavons & Sarmatas/ he would hurt ne grieve no body/ but had liefer to sell his wives golden vessel/ & her arrayment/ her bedding & all her rial stuff/ than take tax of the senators or of his province under him. But he gate the victory of his enemies & recovered all again/ & released the provinces of their tributes. And those that would sell him his wives treasure again/ he restored them their money/ & those that would not he never grieved them. But the tables of their debts betwixt him & them he brent openly in the market place: & thanked them that they helped him in his necessity.   

¶ How king Lucy reigned after his father/ which was a good man/ & after he became christian.  
AFter king coil reigned Lucy his son/ that was a good man to god and to all the people. He sent to Rome to Eleuther that than was pope & said that he would become a christian man/ & receive baptism in the name of god/ & turn to the right faith & believe. Eleuther sent two legates/ that one was called Pagan/ and that other Elibayn and came in to this land & baptized the king & all his meinie. And after went from town to town and baptized the people/ till all the land was baptized. And this was in the year an. C. and. luj after the incarnation of our lord jesus Chryst. And than this king Lucy made in this land two archbishops/ one at Caunterbury/ & an other at york/ and many other bishops that yet be in this land. And when these two legates had baptized all this land/ they ordained priests for to baptize children/ and for to make the sacrament. And after they went again to Rome. And the king dwelled in this land and reigned with moche honour twelve year/ and after died and lieth at Glocestre.   

¶ How this land was long without a king/ & how the brytons choose a king.  
THis king Lucy had none heir of his body begotten that was after ward great harm & sorrow to the land. For after this king Lucy's death/ none of the great lords of the land would suffer an other to be king/ but lived in war & debate among themself l year without king. But it befell afterward that a great prince came fro Rome in to this land that was called savoury/ not for to war/ but for to save the right of Rome. But nevertheless he had not dwelled half a year in this land but that the brytons slew him. And when the romans wist that savoury was so slain/ they sent an other great lord in to this land that was called Allec that was a strong man & a mighty of body/ & dwelled in this land long time/ & did moche sorrow to the brytons/ so that after for pure malice they chose them a king among them that was called Asclepades/ and assembled a great host of Brytons/ & went to London to seek Allec/ & there they found him and slew him & all his fellows/ & one that was called walon defended him fiercely & fought long with the Brytons/ but at the last he was discomfited/ & the Brytons took him & bound him hands & feet/ & cast him in to a water/ wherefore the water was called for evermore Walbroke. Than reigned Asclepades in peace/ till one of his earls that was called coil made a fair town against the kings will/ & let call the town Colchestre after his name/ wherefore the king was wroth/ & thought to destroy him/ and began to war upon him/ & brought great power of men/ & gave the earl battle/ & the earl defended him fiercely with his power/ & slew the king himself in that battle. And than was coil crowned and made king of this land. This coil reigned nobly/ & was well beloved of the brytons. When the romans herd the Asclepades was slain/ they were wonders glad/ & sent an other great prince of the romans that was called Constance/ & he came to king Coyll for to challenge the tribute of Rome/ which he granted him full gladly. So they accorded that king coil gave to him his daughter Eleyne to wife/ that was both fair & wise & well lettered/ & dwelled together in love. And soon after this king coil died in the xiij year of his regne/ & lieth at Colchestre.   

¶ How Constance a roman that had spoused Eleyne king Coyls daughter was chosen king after king coyl.  
AFter this king coyl Constance was made king & crowned for as much as he had spoused king Coyls daughter that was heir of the land/ the which Constance reigned/ & well & worthily governed the land. And he begat on his wife Eleyne a son that was called Constantyne. And this king bore true faith/ & truly did to them of Rome all his life. And when he had reigned xu year he died/ and lieth at york.   

¶ How Constantyne that was king Constances' son & soon to saint Eleyne governed and ruled the land/ and after was emperor of Rome.  
AFter king Constance death reigned Constantyne his son & soon to saint Eleyne that found the holy cross in the holy land/ & how Constantyne became emperor of Rome. It befell that in that time there was an emperor at Rome that was a saracen & a tyrant that was called Maxence/ which put to death all that believed in god/ & destroyed holy church by all his power/ & slew all christen men that he might find/ & among all other he let martyr saint Katherine/ & many other christian people that had dread of death fled & came in to this land to king Constantyne/ & told him of the sorrow that Maxence did to christen folk/ wherefore Constantyn had pite/ & made great sorrow & assembled a great host & a great power and went over unto Rome/ & there took the city/ & slew all that was therein of miss believe. And than was he made emperor/ & was a good man/ and governed him so well/ that all lands were to him attendant for to be under his governance. ¶ And this devil & tyrant Ma〈…〉 the time was in the land of Grece & heard these tidings/ & suddenly became wood & died suddenly. ¶ When Constantyne went from this land to Rome he took with him his mother Eleyne for her great prudence/ & three other great lords y● 〈◊〉 most loved/ the one was called howel & that other Tavern/ & the third More 〈…〉. And took all his land to keep to the earl of cornwall that was called Octavian And anon as this Octavian wist that his lord dwelled at Rome incontinent he ceased all the land into his hands & therewith did all his will among 〈◊〉 & low/ & they held him for king. When these tidings came to Constantyne the emperor/ he was wonders wroth toward the earl octavian and sent Tavern with twelve M. men against him & they arrived at Portesmouth. When Octavian wist that he let assembled a great power of Brytons & discomfited him. And Tavern fled in to scotland/ & ordained there a great power/ & came again in to this land another time for to give battle to octavian. And when octavian understood that/ he assembled a great power/ and came toward Tavern as fast as he might/ so that those two hosts met together on Stanesmore/ & strongly smote together. And than was octavian discomfited/ & fled thence unto Norway. And Tavern seized all the land in to his hands both towns & castles. But octavian came again fro Norway with a great power/ & drove out all the romans & than he was made king of this land.   

¶ How Maximian that was the emperors cousin of Rome spoused Octavyans' daughter/ and after was made king of this land.  
 
THis Octavian governed the land well and nobly/ but he had none heir/ save a daughter that was a young child/ that he loved as much as his life. And for as much as he waxed seek and was in point of death and might no longer regne/ he would have made one of his nephews to be king/ which was a noble knight & a strong man that was called Conan Meriedok: & he should have kept the kings daughter/ & have married her when time had been. But the lords of the land would not suffer it/ but gave her counsel to be married to some high man of great honour/ & than might she have all her lust/ & the counsel of her lord constantine the emperor. And at this counsel they accorded/ & chose Cador of cornwall for to go to the emperor on this message/ & he took the way & went to Rome/ & told the emperor these tidings well & wisely. And the emperor sent in to this land with him his own cousin that was his uncles son a noble knight & a strong that was called maximian/ & he spoused Octavyans' daughter/ & was crowned king of this land.   

¶ How Maximian that was the emperors cousin conquered the land of Amorican/ & gave it to Conan Meriedok.  
THis king Maximian became so rial that he thought to conquer the land of Amorican for the great richesse that he heard tell that was in the land/ so that he ne left no man of worthiness/ knight ne squire/ ne none other man that he ne took with him/ to the great damage of all the land. For he left at home no man to keep the land/ for he had with him xxx M. knights of good men's bodies/ & went over in to the land of Amorican/ & there slew the king that was called Imball/ and conquered all the land. And when he had so done/ he called Conan & said. For as much as king octavian would have made you king of britain/ & through me ye were let & dystroubled that ye were not king/ I give you this land of Amorican/ & make you king thereof. And for as much as ye be a bryton/ I will that this land have the same name/ and that it be no more called Amorican/ but shall be called little britain/ and the land fro whence we be comen/ shall be called fro hens forth great britain. And so shall men know that one britain fro that other. Than this Conan Meriedok thanked him courteously/ & so was he made king of little britain. And when all this was done maximian went from thence unto Rome/ and was than made emperor after Constantyne. And Conan Meriedok dwelled in little britain with moche honour/ & there let ordain two. M. plowmen of the land for to ere the land/ to harowe & sow it/ & feffed them richly after that they were. And for as much as king Conan & none of his knights/ ne none of his other people would not take wives of the nation of france/ he sent in to great britain to the earl of cornwall that men called Dio nothe/ that he should choose through out all this land xj M. maidens/ that is to say eight M. for the mean people/ & three M. for the greatest lords that should them spouse. And when Dionothe understood this/ he made a commandment through out all the land of britain/ & as many as the number came to he assembled together of maidens/ for there was no man that durst withstand his commandment because he was protector. And when these maidens were assembled/ he let them come before him at London/ & let ordain ships for them hastily/ with all that thereto belonged. And took his own daughter that was called Ursula/ that was the fairest creature that any man wist And he would have sent her to king Conan that should have spoused her & made her queen of the land. But she had made privily to god a vow of chastity that her father wist not/ ne none other man living.   

¶ How Ursula and xj M. maidens that were in her company went toward little britain/ and all they were martyred at Coleyne.  
THis Ursula those unto her company xj M. maidens that of all other she was lady & mistress/ and all they took shiping at one time in the water that is called Tamyse/ & commanded her kin & friends to almighty god and sailed toward little britain. But when they were comen in to the high see a strong tempest arose as it was gods will/ & Ursula with her ships & her company were driven to Hunlonde through tempest/ & arrived in the haven of the cite of Coleyne. And the king of the land that was called Gowan was than in the cite/ & when he wist the tidings that so many fair maidens were there arrived/ he took Elga his brother & other of his household with him and went to the ships to see that fair company. And when he saw them so fair/ he & his company would have ouer●ayen them and have taken fro them their virgy 〈…〉 te. But Ursula that good virgin counseled/ prayed/ warned/ & taught then: that were her fellows/ that they shol●● defend them with all their might/ and rather suffer death than suffer their bodies to be defouled. So that all the virgins became so steadfast in god that they defended them through his grace that none of them had power to do them shame. Wherefore king Gowan was sort annoyed/ that he for wrath slew them everichone anon right. And so were all those virgins martyred for the ●our of god/ and they lie at Coleyn.   

¶ How king Gowan came for to destroy this land/ and how a man of great power that was called Gracian defended the land.  
When all this was done/ king Gowan which was a saracen called to him his brother Elga and said to him that he should go and conquer the land that all those fair maidens were borne in. And than he ordained a great power of Pehites of denmark/ of Orkeney/ & of Norway. And they came in to this land & brent towns/ & slew folk/ & cast down churches & houses of religion/ & rob the land in length & breed/ & put to death all those that would not forsake the right believe & Christendom. For as much as there was no sovereign that might help them. For the king Maximian had taken with him all the worthy men when he went to conquer little britain. And in the same time was saint Albon martyred through the wood tyrant dioclesian/ in the same place where is now an abbey made of saint Albon's/ whiles that he was a paynim. But he was converted unto god through the predication of a clerk & a wise man that was called Ancibel that was herborowed a night in his house. And this was after the incarnation of jesus Chryst. CC xxuj year. And it is to be understand that saint Albon suffered his martyrdom before saint Edmond. And therefore is saint Albon called the first martyr of England. ¶ This Gowans brother & his folk that were saracens went through out the land and destroyed all thing that they found & no thing they spared. When these tidings came to Rome how the king Gowan had begun for to destroy this land/ the emperor & the romans sent a strong man & of great power that was called Gracien with xxiv. M. fighting men/ for to cast out of this land all those saracens. And all they arrived at Portesmouth. Maximian might not come himself because he was chosen emperor after the death of Constantyne that was saint Eleyns' son When this Gracian was arrived with his host/ he let espy privily where the king Gowan might be found/ & he set upon them suddenly as they lay in their beds/ & discomfited them & slew them in their beds everyone/ that none of them escaped: save Gowan that fled in to his own country with great sorrow. Soon after it befell the maximian was slain at Rome through treason. And when Gracian wist of those tidings/ he let crown himself king of this land.   

¶ How Gracian made him king when maximian was slain/ & afterward the Britons slew him for his wickedness.  
THis Gracian when he began to regne/ he became so wicked and so stern/ and so much sorrow did to the Brytons that they slew him among them. When king Gowan understood that Gracian was slain/ he assembled a great power & came again in to this land/ and if he had first done harm than did he much more. For he than destroyed all this land and the christian people that were therein/ so that no man was so hardy to name god/ and if they did they were put to strange death. But the bishop of London that was though which was called Gosselyn scaped & went thence to them of Rome to seek succour to help to destroy the saracens that had destroyed this land. And the romans said that they had been so often annoyed for their sending of folk in to Britain all for to help the Britons/ & they would no more so do. And so the bishop Gosselyn went thence without any succour or help. And than went he to the king of little britain that was called Aldroie/ & this was the third king after Gowan Meriedok/ as before is said. The bishop prayed this king Aldroie of help & succour. And the king had pite in his heart when he heard how the bishop fled/ & how the christian men were so slain in great britain through the paynims & sarazens/ he granted him Constantyne his bro●er for to help him with power of folk. And cha● did array horse/ harneys & ships & all thing that needed to that viage. And when all thing was ready/ he called the bishop & said to him. I take you here Constantyne my brother upon this covenant/ that if god give him grace to discomfit the infydelēs/ that than ye shall make him king. And the bishop granted it with a good will. Constantyne & the bishop took leave of the king Aldroie/ & betook him to god/ & took twelve M●inen & went to their ships/ & sailed toward great britain/ & arrived at Totnes. When the Britons herdethese tidings that succour came/ they were glad/ & ordained them an huge nō●re of people/ & went & received them with moche honour ¶ Gowan anon as he wist of these tidings/ he assembled all his farasyns & came against them & gave them battle. And Constantyn slew him with his own hands/ & all the other saracens were discomfited & slain that none escaped/ except those that were converted to god.   

¶ How Constantyne that was the kings brother of little britain was crowned king of great britain for his worthiness.  
anon after the battle they went to London & crowned there Constantyne king of this land/ & the bishop Gosselin set the crown on his heed/ and a●oynted him as it belongeth for a king. And than began christendom in this land again. And anon after when this king Constantyn was crowned he spoused a wife through rounseyle of the Brytons/ & begat on herthre sons. The first was called Constance/ the second Aurilambros & the third Uter. This Constance that elder brother when he came to o●● he 〈◊〉 him a monk at Wynchestre. And constantine their father was slain through treason. For it befell upon a time that a Pehyte came to him upon a day as it were on a message/ & said that he would speak with the king privily in counsel. The king let ●oyde his chambre of the men that were there within/ and there abode no moo but the king and the Pehite/ and he made a countenance as though he would have spoken with the king in his ear. And there he show him with a long knife. And after that he went marvelously out of that chambre in to an other chambre/ so that at the last no man wist where he was b●romen. When the kings men wist that their lord was so deed/ they made than so moche sorrow/ that they wist not what for to do. For as much as his two sons Aurilambros and Uter were so young/ that none of them might be king and the third brother was a monk at ●●● chestre as is said before. But ●o●nger that was earl of Westler thought privily in his heart through some subry●e for to be king himself. And went to Wynchestre where as Constance was monk/ & said to him. Constance qued be your father is deed/ & your two brethren that been with Gosselyn the bishop of London to nourish/ be so young that neve of them may be king wherefore I counsel you that ye forsake your habit & come with me/ and I shall make such a mean unto the Brytons that ye shall be made king of this land.   

¶ Of Constance that was king Constantine'S son/ which was a monk at Wynchestre/ and how he was made king after his faders death/ through counsel of ●o●●ger that was ●●●e of Westser for as much as Aurilambros and 〈◊〉 his two brethren were but young of age. And Vortiger let she ●ya● for to be king himself.  
THis Vortiger counseled this Cons●ance so much till he forsook his abbot and went with him. And anon after he was crowned king by the assent of the Brytons. This king Constance when he was crowned & made king he will ne knew but little of the world nor could no thing what knighthood axed. And he made Vortyger his chief master & counseyler/ & gave him all his power for to ordain & to do as much as to the realm aperteyned. So that himself no thing intermeddled/ but only bore the name of king. When Vortiger saw that he had all the land in his ward & governance at his own will/ he thought by privy treason to slay Constance the king that he might himself be crowned & made king & regne/ & let send after an hundred knights of Pehytes/ the worthiest of all the land/ & them held with him for to dwell/ as to be keepers of his body/ as he would go through the land to ordain things that appertained to a king. And this Vortiger honoured so moche the hundred knights & so moche gave them of gold & silver & of rich jewels/ robes horses & other things plenty/ wherefore they held him more lord than they did the king. And Vortiger told them: if he might be king/ ye as it were through treason/ he would make them richest of the land. So at the last through great gifts that he had given largely/ they cried through the court that Vortiger were better worthy to be king than Constance. Wherefore Vortiger made semblant as he had been wroth/ & he departed thence from the court/ and said he must go else where for things that he had to do. And so the traitor said because that they should slay king Constance. When this Vortiger was gone/ it befell soon easter 〈◊〉 those hundred knights of Pe●ites wiche the doors of the kings chambre/ & there they slew him/ & smote of his heed & ba●e it to Vortiger there as he dwelled. And when Vortiger saw the heed/ he wept full tenderly with his eyen/ & nevertheless he was somedeal glad in his heart of his death. And anon Vortiger let take those hundred knights of Pehites/ & had his servants bind their haudes behind them & lead them to London/ and there they were dampened to death as false traitors. And anon after all the Brytons of the land by the common assent crowned Vortiger & made him king of the land.   

¶ Auno domini. C lxxiiij  
SOther a martyr was pope after Anicetum ix year/ the which decreed that a Nun should not touch the pall of the altar/ nor put in sense thereto And that she should were a wimple about her heed. And many perils he saw about matrimony/ therefore he ordained that no woman should be called a lawful wife/ but if she were blessed of the priest. ¶ Eleutherus a martyr was pope after Sother xu year/ the which ordained that christian men should refuse no meet reasonable that was man's meet Nota. Also that no man unaccused in a crime should be put from his dignity or his degree till he were convicted/ through ensample of Chryst/ that which kept still judas Scaryoth not accused/ & Chryst knew him guilty. And what somever he did among the apostles for the dignity of his service abode firm & stable. This pope sent also legates unto lucy king of britain/ the which baptized him & his people. And Fagus and Domianus legates the which the pope sent first ●rechc● in England. And this christendom endured in britain two hundred year unto the time of Dioclesian the emperor/ when saint Albon was martyred. ¶ Marcus Antonius & Lucius Comodus were emperors/ but Marcus died anon/ & Lucius Comodus reigned. Comodus was called profitable in scorn/ for he was to every man unprofitable/ he was given utterly to lechery/ many senators & christian men he made for to be slain. He dampened his own wife to death for age/ he died a sudden death with strougling among maidens. ¶ Helius pertinax after this man was emperor vj. months/ & was a man of great discretion/ whom julian the great lawyer slew/ & he entered the empire/ & was slain the vij month of severus. ¶ Victor a martyr was pope after Eleutherium ten year/ & for the discord of the paschal time he called a counsel in Alexander/ where he was present the time/ & many other/ where he decreed the easter day should be kept on the sunday/ but he must keep the change of the moan of Apryll/ & that was to dyffre fro jews/ for many bishops of the east abode the time the same day the jews did hallow that feast. Also he ordained that in time of need children might be chrystened in every place/ & in every water. ¶ zepherinus a martyr & a Roman was pope after Victor ix year. This man ordained that christen people of twelve year of age & above should receive his god on easter day once in a year. Also he ordained that all the vessel of the altar should be glass or tin/ & not tree as in old time the consecration of the glorious blood was made in true vessel. And this time passed/ & the worship of the church grew/ & glasen vessel were forbade. ut pꝪ de conse. di. pri. ca ¶ Origines the noble clerk was this time/ & he wrote so much that saint Jerome said himself to have red of Origenes wer●es four M. volumes without pistles. He translated the bible from hebrewe in to greek/ & did many other great things. And of this Origene/ Samson/ Solomon and trajan is a great question among doctors/ if that they be dampened or saved. Therefore those things that without peril we be not bound to know nor the church is not certified of them/ & therefore let them be all only committed unto god. ¶ Calistus a martyr & a roman was pope after zepherinus .v. year and he ordained the c●●●tery (in via apia) where many a. M. martyrs be buried. Also he ordained the fast of the emering days to be kept. ¶ Antonius Aurelius was emperor three year. And this man lacked no kind of lechery/ & at the last he was slain among a great multitude of people for his mischievous living. ¶ Antonius Marcus reigned after him seven. year. This man lived obstinately & therefore he was slain as was his predecessor. ¶ Alexander was emperor after Antomus/ & reigned xiij year. This man at the instance of his mother a christian woman/ & the teaching of Origene the which came to Rome to convert her was made so good unto christian men that he suffered them to have their counsels and their prayers by themself/ but nevertheless in this time the cursed officers of him made many martyrs.   

¶ Anno domini. CC xliiii  
VRbanus was pope after Calist viij. year/ & old & young he was very virtuous. And all the hallowed vessel of the church he made of gold or of silver. This man left his poperyche & went to Agrippam/ and xi M. virgins with him. And the clergy said he left not his dignity for holiness/ but for appetite of those virgins/ & wrote him not in the book of pope's. And there he a virgin was martyred with these virgins ¶ Poncianus a martyr succeeded Vrbanus/ & he ordained that psalms should be said day & night in the church of god And that a priest should say Confiteor afore the mass. ¶ Anteros a martyr was pope after this man. This man ordained that a bishop might be removed from one to an other/ & he made the life of martyrs to be written/ & he was slain & buried in the Cimitery of saint Calixte. ¶ Maximianus was chosen emperor at Maguncia of the host/ & not by the senators/ & reigned three year/ & destroyed the church mightily/ & was slain for Origene. ¶ Gordian reigned after him uj year/ and of him is little written/ but he was slain. Hijs diebus Celus dux Colchestrie in asclepio regnat in Britannia annis quasi xxx usque ad adventum Constancij. lati. M. vacat. ¶ Phylyp was emperor after Gordian/ & this Philip chose to him Philip his son/ and they reigned vij year. And they were the first Emperors that were chrystened/ & after slain of the host. They bequeathed all their treasure at their death that it should be disposed to poor men. And saint Laurence at the assignation of his master the pope departed this treasure about Rome the which was great cause of his martyrdom. ut quidem dicunt. ¶ Dec●us was emperor three year/ & in all things a tyrant For he entered the empire when he & the host had slain the two Philyps his lords/ & after that he was slain with his son. ¶ Fabianus a martyr & a roman was pope after Anteros twelve year. This was a very holy man/ for when christen men stood to abide the election of the pope/ suddenly a white dove or a culver descended on his heed/ saying to him/ thou shalt be pope of Rome. This man ordained that cream every year should be hallowed upon sherthursday. Also he divided regions to dekens the which should write the life of martyrs. And at the last Decius slew him. ¶ Cornelius a martyr & roman was pope after Fabianus iii year. This man took up the bodies of Peter & Paul & with great honour put them in worshipful places wt●tā Lucina. ¶ Lucius was pope after Cornelius three year/ & of him little is written. ¶ Gallus with his son Volusianus were emperors two year/ & they fought with Emilianus/ & were slain And Emilianus the third month was slain. ¶ Valerian was emperor with his son Galyene xu year. This man was virtuous & manly in the beginning/ but after he was given to vice & moche wretchedness/ and so was his son Galyene. This Valerian went to the land of pierce & there for the blood shedding of martyrs he was taken of the king of pierce. And when he had taken him he put out both his eyen/ & kept him in great bondage & to this intent he kept him/ that when so ever he should ride/ this Valerian should lie down/ & he should set his feet upon his back when he would take his horse. This heard Galiene his son that was left at Rome/ & that caused him that he was not so cruel against christian men. And here was the eight persecution of the church made by this emperor/ & made the romans to lose their kingdoms/ the which were never recovered again to the emperor/ & a general pestilence was through all the world for their trespass. ¶ Stephanus a martyr after Lucius was pope three year. This man ordained that no man should use no hallowed clothes but to the worship of god. ¶ Sixtus a martyr and a roman was pope after Stephanus two year. This man ordained that the mass should be said upon an altar/ the which afore was not/ & than he died. ¶ Dionysius a Roman was pope after Stephanus two year. This man divided parishes & chircheyerdes'/ & assigned to churches certain priests. ¶ Felix a martyr was pope after Dionysius two year. He ordained that for the memory of martyrs masses should be said. Also he ordained the Dedication of the church every year should be said. ¶ Claudius was emperor after Valerian. This man subdued Gothas nobly/ & than decessed.   

¶ Anno Christi. CC lxxiiij  
EVticianus a martyr was pope after Felix eight year. This man ordained the corn & beans should be blessed on the altar. And he buried. iij. C. &. xliiij martyrs with his own hands. ¶ Aurelius was emperor after Claudius .v. year. This Aurelius first to christian men was gentle/ wherefore he had the victory in every place gloriously/ & when he was deceived by cursed men/ & pursued christian men mightily/ & namely in france/ for there he abode/ & after that he had never good fortune/ but was slain. And this was the ix persecution of the christian faith. ¶ Tacitus was emperor after this man/ & he reigned but iii months & was slain in Ponto. ¶ Probus was Emperor after him .v. year & four months. This man recovered France again/ the which was occupied with barbary men. And he gave them & Pannonias' licence to have vynyerdes. And when he had made almost all things well in peace he said. Knights within a little time shall not be necessary. And anon after he was slain at Syrmium. ¶ Carus & his two sons Carmus & Numerianus were emperors after Probus but soon they died/ & their father was drowned/ & the two sons were slain. All these reigned but two year. ¶ Dioclesian & maximian came after these three emperors/ the one reigned in the east/ & the other reigned in the west. The first thing that Dioclesian did/ he brent all the christian men's books that might be found. These two tyrants did more harm to christian men than ever did any other. For ten year lasted their persecution And as we read/ within xxx days twenty M. men were slain for Christ's cause. And in England all the faith was almost destroyed in the time of maximian.  
¶ Gaius was pope after Euticianus. This man ordained that no man should accuse a bishop or an other clerk to any secular judge. And that a pagan or an heretic should not accuse a christian man. Also he ordained that he that was worthy should ascend gree by gree to his ordres/ first benet/ than ●ollet/ subdeken/ deacon & than priest. And at the last he was martyred under Dioclesian. ¶ marcel 〈…〉 ꝰ a martyr was pope after Gaius xi year & four months. This man was sore persecuted/ & for dread of death he offered. 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉nes of incense to the sacrifice of the idols. And afterward he openly repent and suffered death for the faith of Chryst. His body lay unburied three days for dread of the curse of god. And after through a vision of saint Peter & marcel he was buried at saint Peter's fo●e. ¶ Marcellus was pope after marcel 〈…〉 ꝰ .v. year. This man ordained that a general counsel might not be ordained without the authority of the pope. ut pꝪ. xvij d●. 〈◊〉. sinodum. Also he chose xu cardinals in the city to bury men & christian. At the last when he had kept beasts long time in a house closed in with them by the commandment of Maximian he died for fault. ¶ Eusebius a martyr was after this man two months and certain days. This man of a lay man was made pope/ & he ordained that no lay man should accuse his bishop/ but if he went from his faith. V● pꝪ. ij ix seven ten lai 〈…〉 s. ¶ Nota. This time saint Albon was martyred in britain. This Albon when he was a pagan he lodged a certain man the which converted him to the faith/ & after was judged unto death/ and moche people he turned unto our lord that were nigh the water/ the which he made dry through his prayer. And he suffered death nigh the cite of Ve●elom. Vide plura in vita scti Albani. ¶ Melchiades a martyr succeeded Eusebius four year. This man forbade the men should fast on sondays & on thursdays/ in so much as pagans fast on those days. At the last he was martyred as all his predecessors were. ¶ And know ye that there were. xxxiij pope's of Rome martyred each one after other. Peter was the first/ & this Melchiades was the last. And than it was laudable (after Gregory) a man to desire a bishopric. ¶ Galerius was emperor after Dioclesian two year/ and an other with him called Constancius/ so was the empire in those days divided. This Constancius after he had conquered all Spain/ he came in to great britain/ & there he wedded a kings daughter/ on whom he gate great Constantyne And this same Constancius died in britain/ & lieth at York/ as Martin saith in his chronicles/ & left on live Constantyne that was gotten on Eleyne/ & was king of britain & of France.   

¶ Anno Christi. CCC eight  
SIluester was pope after Melchiades. This was a glorious confessor/ & many ways he worshipped the church of god/ what in writing and what in miracles. He received the patrimony of saint Peter/ that is for to say/ the kingdom of italy with the cite of Rome of Constantyne the emperor/ & to the worship of the church of god he turned it. He baptized Eleyne & the jews/ and than he deceased a confessor. ¶ Constantyne the mighty was emperor this tyme. This Constantyne was a glorious man and a victorious in battle. In governing of the common people he was very wise. And in the necessity of the believe he was without comparison devout. His pite & his holiness be so written in the books of holy doctors that without doubt he is to be numbered among saints. And the Greeks say that in the end of his life he was made a monk. And more ye may here of him in the chronicles of england/ for he was king of England. ¶ Helena the quent mother to Constantyne repaired again the holy cross this time/ and she made lxx. colleges/ and she glorified the state of all holy church. ¶ Nycholas the bishop of Myrrh cite an holy man was this tyme. ¶ Athanasius was this time bishop in Alexandria a glorious doctor/ and made the cymbalum Q vicunque vult saluus esse. etc. ¶ Marcus was pope after Silvester two year and eight months. This man ordained that the Crede should be openly sungen in the church/ and that the bishop of Hostiense should consecrate the pope/ and that he should were a pall. ¶ julius was pope after Marcus xj year. This man was exiled x. year/ & after suffered death under Constantyne the second. ¶ Constantinus with his two brethren reigned xxiiij year/ & in his last end he was perverted by the heresy of the Arians/ by a bishop called Eusebi/ & he pursued the church of god strongly. The end of this man was this As he should go to Constantynople to a great counsel/ in the which counsel he thought to have condemned the bishop and the clerks of true believe/ he went before unto a chambre to avoid such things as nature requireth/ & anon suddenly his bowels fell from him and so died. ¶ Libersus was pope after julius xix year and vij months. Than was the second discord of the church between Liberius & Felix for the heresy of the arryens the which favoured Liberius. Than Constancius the emperor called again Liberius from his exile because he favoured this heresy. And the church dejected Liberius/ & took Felix for pope/ and the other was expulsed as an heretic of the church. But Felix obtained not/ for the emperor put in Liberius & expulsed Felix. ¶ Felix was pope after the death of this Liberius/ & he declared Constancius the emperor an heretic/ and anon after he was martyred. ¶ And here was the first that ever the church of Rome had an infamed pope. For all the predecessors of this Liberius were saints/ & gave holy ensamples. ¶ julianus apostata was after Constancius emperor two year and eight months. He was called apostata because he fled this Constantius which slew his brother/ & for fere of death was made a christian man and a monk. But afterward by the counsel of a necromancer he asked the devil whether he should be emperor or not. The devil said that he should be emperor upon a condition that he should forsake his christen faith/ and be utter enemy to christen men. And so he did/ for he gave leave to the jews that they should build again the temple in spite of the christian men. And took all the goods the christian men had/ & destroyed many of them. ¶ iovinianus was emperor after him eight months. For when julian was deed the host chose him emperor/ & he was a christian man And he said it was not leeful to a christian man to be lord over so many heathen people. They answered & said. Rather than he should forsake the empire they would be thrystened. And thus took he the dignity. But soon he was deed/ and in marvelous manner. For he was laid in a close house (after his journey) made all of stone/ newly whited with lime/ in the which they made to his comfort as they thought a fire of charcoal/ & of the air of these two on the morrow he was found deed. ¶ Valentinian with his brother Valent was emperor after iovinianus. x●. year/ for he departed the empire/ & gave his brother the east/ & kept himself the west part. This Valentinian was a lord with julian apostata/ & it happened him on a time for to go in to a temple of false gods for to do sacrifice/ & mynystres stood there with water hallowed after their guise/ with the which they sprinkled the lords. This Valentinian smote the minister that kest the water upon him/ and said he was rather defouled thereby than cleansed. Because of this julian did exile him. But our lord god for his open confession of his name rewarded him with the empire. His brother Valent fell in to the opinion of the a●●yans and died in that heresy. This same Valent lived four year after Valentinian with Gracian the emperor. ¶ This time lived saint Ambrose.   

¶ Anno domini. CCC lxiiij  
DAmasus was pope after Felix xviij. year & two months. This was an eloquent man in metre/ and he wrote many stories of pope's and martyrs. He ordained that 〈◊〉 patri should be said in the end of the psalms/ and that was at the prayer of saint jerom. And through the motion of this pope jerom translated the bible from hebrewe in to latin/ & than he deceased a confessor ¶ Valent with Gracian & Valentinian were emperors four year. In this time were churches opened again/ and christian men had leave to renew the service of god that was defended afore with emperors infected with heresy/ as was Valens & other/ wherefore the church had no liberty when Valens was on live. ¶ A synodus of an. C. and l bishops were gathered under Damase pope at Constantinople against Macedonium an heretic the which denied the holy ghost to be very god. And than was the Credo made that is song on holy days in the church ¶ Augustinus a Cartaginen of Africa was this time/ he was as noble a retho ricyen as might be/ & in all philosophy & poetry incomparable/ & all thing that any philosopher found in his youth/ he understood with little labour. And about this time he was sent to Milan where he was turned anon of saint Ambrose and baptized. This man grew unto a noble doctor of the church. And not long after that he was bishop of Yponen. & there he lived liij year/ & moche divinity he wrote. ut pꝪ in libris suis. ¶ Siritius was pope after Damasus xu year He dampened heretics/ & little else is written of him. ¶ Theodosius son to Gracian with Valentyne his uncle was emperor xxvij year. This man was a christian man & a gracious/ & in governance like to trajan/ soon wroth/ and anon reconciled. This man on a day when he would have gone to here mass saint Ambrose forbade him the entry of the church till he had done penance/ & made satisfaction for the slaying of the. thirty knights/ which he slew in anger at Constantinople. Wherefore they made a law that the sentence of a prince should be deferred xxx days of those that should do execution if they might fall in the grace of the prince with in the xxx days. ¶ About this time was a child borne in the castle of Emons from the navyll & above divided in to two bodies/ having two hedes and two wits/ so that the one 〈…〉 eping or erynge/ that other slept nor eat not/ & when they were two year of age/ the one decessed/ & that other lived three days after. ¶ Claudius poeta was this tyme. ¶ Arcadius & Honorius reigned xxx year And in their time Rome was almost destroyed by a king called Alaticus/ of the which destruction rose a great blasphemy of the romans. For they said they fared never well sithen Chryst came to Rome/ & bereaved them their gods by the preaching of Peter & Paul. And yet this Archadius subdued all his enemies by the power of god/ & shed no blood Against this blasphemy saint Austyn made the solemn work the which they call. de civitate dei. ¶ Honorius was emperor with Theodosius his brothers son xv. year/ & he was a man of holy life/ for two wives he had/ and with both yet he died maiden. He loved specially the church/ and hated heretics. ¶ Ierom died this time at Bethleem the year of his age. lxxxxj. ¶ Sanctus Herachydes that wrote Vitas patrum to Lansum epmm was this tyme. ¶ Iohes Crisostomus was exiled of Eudochia the wife of Arcadij/ & through heat of the son he died. ¶ Anastasius was pope after Siritius three year. This man ordained that every man should stand at the reading of the holy gospel/ & that he that was a maimed man should not be priest. ¶ Innocentius was pope after Anastasius. This man ordained that seek men should be anointed with holy oil. And at mass the kiss of peace to be given. He dampened Pelagien an heretic. And many other things he did. ut patet xxuj q i   

¶ Anno Christi. CCCC xiiij  
AFter Innocentius zozimus was pope two year & eight months. This man ordained that clerks should be no taverners/ ne sell no wine/ & that a bond man should not be made priest without the licence of his lord. ¶ Bonifa cius a roman was pope after zozimus four year. This man ordained that a woman should not touch the pall of the altar ne should not wash the altar. ¶ Celestinus a roman was pope after Bonifacius eight year & ix days/ the which ordained the psalm afore mass judica me deus. etc. And at the beginning of the mass should be said a verse of a psalm and that the grail & the offertory should be said afore the sakering. This man sent saint Patryk in to ireland to convert that land. And Palladius a deacon of Rome to the Scots to be converted. And in the fourth year of this man there was a general sinody at Ephisina of CCC. bishops against Nestorium an heretic. ¶ Theodosius the younger with Valentinian his nephew reigned xxvij year. In his time was the least ordained which is called Aduincula sancti Petri. And in his time died saint Austyn/ in the year of his age lxxuj ¶ And this time were the vij slepers raised/ the which slept. CC. year. This man died at constantinople/ & there was buried. This time the saxons entered in to England/ and anon by little & little they grew up mightily/ & at the last they obtained all the land. ¶ Sixtus a Roman was pope after Celestinus eight year. This was a holy man & a meek. And little of him is written/ but that he builded sancta Maria maior. ¶ Leo Tuscus a confessor was pope after Sixtus. This man was as holy as any man. five times on a day or more he would say mass. And on a time after it befell when a certain woman kissed his hand he was tempted with her/ & for the trespass that he had done/ to his penance he made his hand to be stricken of. And when the noise ●ose upon him that he might not say mass as he was wont to do/ he was right sorry/ and all only betook him in prayer to our lady to help him. And our lady restored him his hand again/ & than he said mass as he was wont to do/ & so that miracle was openly showed to all people. ¶ And in the time of this pope Marcyan the Emperor being there was congregate at Calcedony the fourth universal sinody of. uj. C. and xxx bishops against Eusticem the abbot of Constantinople. et Alexandrinun epmm: qui negaverunt in Christo veram carnem fuisse●et etiam negabant carnis nostre resurrectionem. And after he had made many notable sermons & epistles he deceased. ¶ Marcianus & Valentinianꝰ were emperors this time vij year/ in whose time was the great sinody afore rehearsed when Eusticem & Dioscorus were cōdemp●rd.  
IN the time that Marcianus was emperor of Rome Vortiger was king of britain now called England in whose time the saxons came in to Bry tayn & made many kings/ that is to say as is plain by the chronicles vij And because it is tedious to man's reason to rehearse many divers names together as vij kings of England/ and in one time/ the emperors and pope's. Therefore the chronicles of england shall be set together/ till it be comen unto Alured/ in whose time the Danes came in to England. And the pope's and the emperors & other things in the same time shall be set together.   

¶ Circa annum d 〈…〉. CCCC xlix  
¶ How the wardens that had the chysdrens to keep that were king Constantine'S sons lad them to little britain/ for the treason and fals●es of Vortiger.    

¶ Here beginneth the fifth part during to the coming of the Danes. 
Engist.   
THis time came the saxons that were pagans first in to britain now called England/ under Vortiger the which was crowned king of this land. This time those that had these two children in keeping the which were Constantine'S sons/ that is to say/ Aurilambros and Uter through ordinance of Gosselyn that was bishop of London/ after their faders death/ that is to say Constantyne/ durst not dwell in this land with those children/ but conveyed them unto the king of little britain/ for as much as he knew the treason of Vortiger that than was made king/ through whom Constance their elder brother was slain/ wherefore the hundred knights of Pehytes were put to death and bare all the blame/ as that Vortiger had not wist thereof/ ne thereto consented. And so the keepers of those two children dread lest Vortiger would put them to death through his treason & falseness as he had done their brother before/ & therefore they were lad over in to little britain/ & the king them received with much honour/ & put them to nourish/ & there they dwelled till they became fair and strong knights/ & thought to be avenged of the death of Constance their brother when they saw their time/ & so they did as ye shall here tell afterward. ¶ It was not long after that the tidings came over see to the kindred of the hundred knights of Pehytes that they were dampened & put to death through Vortiger in this land/ wherefore they were wondrously wroth/ and swore that they would be avenged of the death of their kinsmen/ & came in to this land with a great power/ & rob & slew in many places/ & did all the sorrow that they might. When Vortiger it wist/ he made moche sorrow/ and was sore annoyed. And in another place also tydnges came to him that Aurilambros and Uter his brother ordained and assembled a great host for to come in to great britain/ for to be avenged upon Vortiger for the death of their brother Constance. So that on y● one side & on the other he was brought in to so moche sorrow that he ne wist whether to go.  

¶ How Engyst and xj thousand men came in to this land/ to whom Vortiger gave a place that is called Thong castle.  
ANd soon after this sorrow tidings came to Vortiger that a great navy of strangers were arrived in the country of Kent/ & wist not whence they were/ ne wherefore they were comen in to this land. The king sent anon a messenger thither/ that some of them should come & speak with him for to know what folk they were/ & what they asked/ & in to what country they would go. There were two brethren masters & princes of that strong company/ y● one was called Engist/ & that other Horn. Engist went to the king and told him the cause wherefore they were comen in to this land/ & said. Sir we be of a coum tree that is called Saxony/ that is the land of Germayne/ wherein is so moche sorrow that of the people be so many that the land may not them sustain. And the princes & masters of the land make to come before them men & women of the boldest that may best travail in to divers lands/ & give them horse & harness/ & all y● them needeth/ & than they bid them go in to an other to 〈…〉 e where they may live as their aunceters did before them. And therefore sir king/ if ye will have our service we will help you against your enemies. When Vortiger herd this/ he said gladly he would withhold them upon such covenant that if they might deliver his land of his enemies/ he would give them reasonable lands for to dwell in for ever. Engist thanked him goodly/ & in this manner he & his company xj M. were retained with king Vortiger/ & at the last delivered clean the land of his enemies. Than prayed Engist the king of so much land that he might make for him & his folk a cite. The king answered/ it was not to do without counsel of his brytons. Engist prayed him again of as much place as he might compass with a thong of a skin/ whereon he might make a manner for him to dwell in. And the king granted him freely. Than Engist cut a bulls skin as small as he might in to a thong & therewith compassed as much land as he might build on a fair castle/ & was called Thong castle.   

¶ How Vortiger loved Ronewen Engistes' daughter/ & how he spoused her.  
 
When this castle was made and well arrayed/ Engist privily sent by letter in to the country where he came fro for an hundred ships filled with men that were strong & bold and also well fighting in all battles/ and that they should also bring with them Ronewen his daughter/ which was the fairest creature that any man might see. And when those people were comen that he had sent for/ he took and lad them in to the castle with moche joy. And himself upon a day went unto the king/ and prayed him there full worthily that he would come and see his new manoyr that he had made in the place that he had compassed with the thong of the skin. The king anon freely granted him/ & went with him thither/ and was full well pleased with the castle & with the fair week And together there they eat and drank with moche joy. And when night came that king Vortiger should go in to his chambre to take there his nights rest/ Ronewen that was Engistes' daughter came with a cup of gold in her hand and kneeled before the king and said to him wassayll. And the king wist no● what it was to mean ●e what he should answer thereto/ for as much as himself nor none of his brytons could speak none english nor understand it/ but spoke in the same language that Britons do yet. Nevertheless a latiner told the king the full understanding of wa●sayll/ & that other should answer drink hail. And that was the first time that wassayll and drink hail came up in this land/ and from that time unto this time it is well used in all this realm of England. And when king Vortiger beheld the great beauty of this fair lady Ronewen that kneeled before him/ he took her up & laid both his arms about her neck/ & thrice sweetly kissed her/ & anon right he was enamoured upon her/ so that he desired to have her to wife/ and asked her of Engist her father. And Engist granted him upon this covenant/ that the king should give him all the country of Kent/ that he & his people might dwell therein. The king granted him privily with a good will And anon after he spoused the damosel and that was much confusion to himself. And therefore all the brytons became wroth because he spoused a woman of misbelieve/ wherefore they went all from him/ & would do no thing that he had to do.   

¶ How Vortimer that was Vortigers son was made king/ & Engyst driven out/ & how Vortimer was poisoned.  
THis Engist went in to Kent and seized all the land in to his hands for him & for his men/ & became within a little while of so great power/ & had so moche people/ that men wist not in little time which were the kings men & which were Engystes/ wherefore the Brytons had of him dread/ & said among them/ but if they ne took other counsel between them/ all the land should be destroyed through Engist and his people. Vortiger the king had begotten on his first wife three sons/ the first was called Vortimer/ the second Catagren/ & the third Passent. The Britons by one assent chose Vortimer to be their lord & sovereign/ & crowned him king/ & would not suffer Vortiger no longer to regne/ because of the alliance between Engist and him. The brytons ordained a great host for to drive out Engist & his company of the land/ and gave him three battles/ the first was in Kent where he was lord/ the second was at Tetford/ & the third was in a shire on this side Colchestre in a moor. And in this battle met them Catagren & Horn Engystes brother/ so that each of them slew other. But for as much as the country was given long before to Horn through Vortiger when he spoused his cousin/ there he made a fair castle that is called Horn castle after his own name. Vortimer was so sore annoyed for his brother's death/ that anon he let cast down the castle to the earth. And after he stynted not night nor day till he had driven out Engyst & all his people of the land. And than Ronewen his daughter made great sorrow/ and craftily spoke to them that were next to the king Vortimer/ & privily entreated them/ and so many gifts she gave them/ that the king was empoisoned and died at London the fourth year of his regne/ and there he lieth.   

¶ How the britons chose an other time Vortiger to be their king/ and Engist came in to this land again/ and how they fought together.  
AFter Vortimers death the Brytons by their common assent made Vortiger again their king upon this covenant/ that he should never after suffer Engist nor none of his to come again in to this land. And when all this was done/ Ronewen the queen privily sent by letter to Engist that she had empoisoned Vortimer/ and that Vortiger her lord bore again the crown & reigned/ and that he should come again in to this land well arrayed with moche people for to avenge him upon the brytons/ and to win this land again by might and strength. And when Engist heard these tidings/ he made great joy/ & appareled him hastily with xv. thousand men that were boughty in every battle/ & came in to this land. And when Vortiger heard tell that Engist was comen again with a great power in to this land/ he assembled his brytons & went to meet Engist for to give him battle. But Engist dreading the brytons sore/ for they had discomfited him before/ prayed Vortiger of a love day/ & said he was not comen in to this land for to fight/ but for to have his land again/ if he might accord with the Britons. King Vortiger through counsel of his brytons granted him a love day. And it was ordained by the brytons that the love day should be holden beside Salysbury on an hill/ & Engyst should come thither with. iiij. C. knights & no moo. And the king with as many of the wisest men of his land. And at that day the king came with his counsel as it was ordained. But Engist had warned his knights privily that each of them should put a long knife in his hose/ & when he said fair sirs it is time to speak of love & peace/ every man anon should draw out his knife & slay a bryton. And so they slew a. M. and lxj knights/ & with moche sorrow many o● them escaped. And the king Vortiger there was taken & led to Thongcastel and put in prison. And some of Engistes' men would that the king had been brent all quick. And Vortiger than for to have his life granted them as much as they would ask/ & gave up all the land towns/ castles/ cities & bourghes to Engyst & his folk. And all the brytons fled thence in to Wales/ & there held them still. And Engist went through the land & seized all the land with franchises & in every place let cast down churches & houses of religion/ & destroyed the christen faith through out all this land/ and let change the name of the land/ that no man of his were so hardy after that time to call this land britain/ but call it Engist land And than he departed the land to his men and made vij kings for to strength the land/ that the brytons should never after come therein. The first kingdom was Kent/ where Engist himself reigned/ & was lord & master over all the other. The two was Southsex/ that now is called chichester. The three Westsex. The four Eestsex. The .v. Estangyl/ that now is called Norfolk/ Suffolk/ Mercheme●k/ that is to say the earldom of Nicholl. The. v●. had leicester shire/ Northampton shire Herforde/ & Huntyngdon. The vij had Oxforde/ Glocestre/ Wynchestre/ Warwyk/ and Derby shire.   

¶ How Vortiger went in to Wales/ & began there a castle that would not stand without mortar tempered with blood.  
When Engist had departed all the land in this manner to his men/ & delivered Vortiger out of prison to go where he would/ & he took his way in to wales where his brytons dwelled/ for that land was strong & ill to win/ & Engist never came there ●e never knew 〈◊〉. Vortiger held him there with his Britons & asked counsel what was best to do 〈…〉 & they gave him counsel to make a strong castle/ that he might keep & defend himself therein if need were. ¶ Masons in haste were fet/ & began the work upon the hill of Breigh. But certes thus it befallen all the work that the masons made a day ●t fe●l down the night/ & they wist not what it might be/ & thereof the king was sore annoyed of that chance/ & wist not what to do Wherefore he let send after the wisest clerks & learned men that were through out wales that might be found/ for they should him tell wherefore the foundament so failed under the work/ & that they should him tell what was best to do. And when these wise men long time had studied/ they said to the king that he should do seek a child borne of a woman that never had to do with man/ and that child he should do slay/ & tempre with his blood the mortar of the work/ and so should the work ever endure without end.   

¶ How the king let seek Merlin through out all Wales for to speak with him.  
 
When the king heard this/ he commanded his messengers anon to go through out all Wales to seek that child/ if they might find him/ and that they should bring him forth with them unto him. And in record and in witness of this thing he had taken them his letters/ that they ne were destroubled of no man ne let. And than the messengers went thence & sped so fast/ that they came in to a town that was called Karmardyne/ and as they passed forth their way/ they found two children of xxiiij year of age chyding together with hasty words/ and one of them said to that other. Donebat quod he/ ye do all wrong to strive with me/ for ye have no wit ne no reason as I have. Certes Merlin quoth he/ of your wit ne your reason I make no fort/ for men tell comynly that ye have no thing of god almighty/ sith ye had never father/ but every man knoweth well who was your mother. ¶ The messengers of king Vortiger when they heard this strife between the two grooms/ they asked of them that stood beside them whence that Merlin was borne/ and also who nourished him. And they told them that a great gentlewoman of Karmardyne called Adhan was his mother/ but none knew who was his father. When the kings messengers herd these tidings they went anon to him that was warden of the town & told him the kings will/ & showed him his letter/ & wherefore they were comen thither. Merlin & his mother anon were fetched before the warden of the town/ & he commanded them that they should go to the king with his messengers. Merlin & his mother went thence & came unto the king/ & there they were received with much honour. And the king asked of the lady if that child were her son/ & who him begat. The lady answered full tenderly weeping & said she never had company of man worldly But sir said she/ when I was a young maiden in my faders chambre/ with other of great lineage in my company/ that often times went to sport them/ I left alone in my chambre & would not go forth for brenning of the son/ there came on a time a fair bachelor & entered in my chambre where I was alone/ but how he came in/ & where/ I wist it never/ ne yet know I not/ for the doors were fast barred/ & with me he did game of love. For I had no might nor pour to defend me from him. And often he came to me in the fore said manner/ so that he begat this child/ but never might I wite what he was.   

¶ Of the answer of Merlin upon the kings castle that would not stand.  
When Merlin had heard all that his mother had said/ he spoke to the king in this manner. ¶ Sir how I was begotten ask ye no more/ for it falleth not to you nor to none other to know/ but tell me the cause wherefore I am brought to you/ & wherefore ye have sent for me. Certes quoth the king/ my wise counselors have done me to understand/ that the mortar of a work that I have begun behoveth to be tempered with your blood/ or the fundament shall fail for evermore. Sir said Merlin/ will ye slay me for my blood to tempre with your mortar. Ye quoth the king/ or else shall never my castle stand/ as my counselors tell me. Than answered Merlin to the king. Sir said he/ let them come before me those wise counseylers'/ & I will prove that they say not well ne truly. And when the wise men were comen/ Merlin asked if his blood were the cause to make the work stand & endure. All those wise men were abashed and could not answer. Than said Merlin to the king Sir I shall tell you the cause wherefore your work thus falleth & may not stand. There is under the mountain where ye build your tour a great pond of water/ & in the bottom of the pond under the water there is two dragons/ that one is white & that other reed/ that fight together against your work. Do ye deep mine till your men come to the pond/ & do your men take away the water all out & than ye shall see the dragons as I have told you/ that fight together against your work. And this is the cause wherefore the fundament falleth. The king anon let dig under till the men came to that pond/ & let do away all the water/ & there they found two dragons as Merlin had told them that eagerly f●ught together. The white dragon eagerly assailed the reed/ & laid on him so strongly that he might not endure/ but withdrew him 〈◊〉 rested in the same cave. And when he had a while rested him/ he went before the reed dragon & assailed him angrily & held him so sore/ that he might not endure against him/ but with drew him & rested. And after came again the white dragon & strongly fought with the reed dragon/ & boat him evil & overcame him the he fled from thence & no more came again.   

¶ Of the signification of these two dragons that were in the bottom of the pond that fought together.  
●His king Vortiger & his men the saw this battle had great marvel/ & prayed Merlin to tell him what it might betoken. Sir said Merlin/ I shall tell you. The reed dragon betokeneth yourself/ & the white betokeneth the folk of Saxony that first ye took & held in your land/ that fought against you/ & have driven & chased you away But Britons of your lineage overcame them & drove them away. And sithen at the coming again of the Sarons they recovered this land/ & held it for evermore/ & drove out the Britons/ & did with this land all their will & destroyed christendom through out this land. Ye had first joy with their coming/ but now it is turned to your great damage & sorrow. For the two brethren of Constance that was king/ which ye let see shall come before a quinzeme passed with a great power from little britain/ & shall avenge the death of their brother/ and they shall burn you first with sorrow/ and afterward they shall slay a great part of saxons/ & shall drive out all ye●emenaūt of the land/ & therefore abide ye here no longer to make castle ne none other work/ but anon go else where to save your life. To god I you betake/ troth I have said to you of things that shall be fall. And understand ye well that Aurilam bros shall be king/ but he shall be poisoned/ & little time shall he regne.   

¶ Of king Aurilambros/ and how he pursued Vortiger and Eugist/ and how they died.  
MErlyn & his mother departed from the king/ and returned again to Karmardyne. And soon after tidings came to the Brytons that Aurilam bros and Uter his brother were arrived at Totnes with a great host. And anon the Brytons assembled them and went to receive Aurilambros and Uter with great nobleness/ & brought them to London/ and crowned Aurilambros & made him king/ and did unto him homage. And anon he asked where as Vortiger might be found that was king/ for he would be avenged of his brother's death/ and after he would war upon the paynims. And they told him that Vortiger was in wales/ & so they lad him thither ward. Vortiger wist well that those brethren came to conquer him/ and fled thence into a castle that was called Gerneth/ that stood upon an high mountain/ and there held him. Aurilambros and Uter his brother and their folk had besieged the castle full long time/ for the castle was strong & well arrayed. So at the last they kest wild fire and brent houses and men and all their array & as much as was within the castle. So that Vortiger was brent among all other/ and so he died with moche sorrow. ¶ Than was Engist in Kent and reigned there/ and heard these tidings/ anon he fled & would have gone in to scotland for to have had succour. But Aurilambros and his folk met with him in the north country/ and gave him battle. And Engist and his men defended them whiles that they might/ but he and his folk were discomfited and slain. And Otta his son fled unto york. And Aurilambros followed him eagerly. And Otta with stood him a little while/ but afterward he put him to his mercy. And Aurilabros received him/ and to him & to his men gave the country of Galeway in scotland/ & there they dwelled. After that the king Aurilambros went through out the land/ and put away the name of Engyst land/ that Engyst after his name had called it before. Than he let call it again great britain/ and let make again churches and houses of religion/ castles/ cities/ and borrows and towns that the Saxous had destroyed/ and came to London/ and did do make the walls of the city/ which Engist & his folk had cast down. The Brytons lad him to the mount of Ambrian where sometime was an house of religion which than was destroyed through the paynims/ whereof a knight that was called Ambry that sometime was founder of that house/ and therefore the hill was called the mount of Ambryan. And after it was called Ambesbury/ and shall be so for evermore.   

¶ How Aurilambros did redress the land of great britain/ which was destroyed through the Saxons.  
HOw the king Aurilambros let amend and redress the house of Ambesbury/ and put there in monks/ but now there be nuns/ a little from the place that was called Salysbury/ or where as the Saxons slew the Britons/ where as Engist and the Britons should have made a love day/ in that which time there were slain a thousand & lxj knights through treason of Engist. The king thereof had great pity/ & thought to make in mind of them a monument of stone that might endure to the worlds end. And of this thing they took their counsel what thereof was best to do. Than spoke to the king the bishop of London that was called Ternekyn that he should inquire after Merlyn/ for he could best tell how this thing might best be made. And Merlin after was sought & found/ & came to the king. And the king told him his will of the monument that he would have made. Merlin answered to the king & said. There been great stones in ireland & long upon the hill of Kian that been called giants ka roll/ & if they were in this place as they be there/ they would endure for evermore in remembrance of those knights that here be buried. Perma foy said the king as hard stones been in my land as in It land. Soothe said Merlin/ but in all your land there be none such. For giants set them for great good of themself. For at every time that they were wounded or in any manner hurt/ they washed the stones with hot water/ and than they washed them therewith/ & anon they were hole.   

¶ How the Brytons went for to seek the great stones in ireland.  
ANd when these Britons had herd of this thing they went & swore among them that they would go seek those stones/ & took with them Uter the kings brother to be their chief capitain and .v. M. men/ & Merlin counseled them for to go unto ireland/ and so they did. And when the king of ireland that was called Guillomer heard tell the strangers were arrived in his land/ he assembled a great power/ & fought against them/ but he & his folk were discomfited. The Brytons went before till they came to the mount of Kylian/ & climbed up unto the mount. But when they saw the stones/ & the manner how they stood/ they had great marvel/ and said between themself that no man should them remove for no strength ne engine so great they were & so long. But Merlin through his craft he removed them/ & brought them in to their ships & came again in to this land. And Merlin set the stones where the king would have them/ & set them in the same manner that they stood in ireland. And when the king saw that it was made/ he thanked Merlin & rich lie him rewarded at his own will/ & let call the place Stonehenge for evermore.   

¶ How Passent that was Vortigers son & king Guillomer came in to this land & how a traitor that was called Cappa empoisoned the king Aurilambros.  
ANd men shall understand the Passent that was Vortigers son lived the same time/ & came in to this land with a great power/ & arrived in the north country/ & would be avenged of his faders death Vortiger/ & strongly trusted upon the come pany that he had brought with him out of the land of Germany/ & had conquered all the North country unto York. And when king Aurilambros heard this he assem bled a great power of britons & went for to fight with Passent/ & he discomfited Passent and all his people. But Passent escaped thence with some of his men & fled thence in to Ireland & came to king Guillomer/ & prayed him of help & succour. The king granted him with good will/ & said that he would help him upon that covenant that I myself must go with you with all my power in to britain/ and I would me avenge upon the Brytons the rather/ for they came in to my land/ & took the stones with strength that is called giants karoll. The king Guillomer let ordain his ships and went to the see with xu 〈◊〉. men/ & arrived in wales/ & began to rob & did moche sorrow. ¶ It befell so that king Aurilambros lay feke at Wynchestre/ & might not help himself. So that he sent in his name Uter his brother with a power to help wales/ & thitherward he went as much as he might. The king of ireland and Passent had herd tell that Aurilambros was seek/ and to them there came a saracen that was called Coppa/ and said. Sir dwell ye here all in peace with your host/ & I behyght you through my quaintise that I shall slay the king Aurilambros that is seek. Than said Passent/ if ye do so I shall richly avarice you. This traitor Coppa put upon him an habit of religion/ & let shave him a broad crown/ & came unto the kings court/ & said that he would help the king of his malady. Than said the traitor Coppa unto the king. Sir be of good comfort/ for I shall give you such a medicine that ye shall sweet anon right and list to sleep & have good rest. And the traitor gave him such poison to sleep/ that anon right in his sleeping he died/ & the traitor said that he would go out in to the field till he were awaked And so escaped he away/ for no man had to him suspection for because of his ha' bite that he was clothed in/ and also for his broad shaven crown. But when the kings men wist that he was deed/ they became wonders sorry/ & fast sought the traitor/ but they might not find him. For that traitor returned again unto the host fro whence he came.   

¶ When Aurilambros was deed/ a star on the morrow was seen with a clear light/ & at that bought of the beam was seen the heed of an horrible dragon.  
When the king Aurilambros was thus deed & empoisoned at wynchestre/ on the morrow after that he was deed about the time of prime there was seen a star great & clear/ & the beam of the star was brighter than the son/ & at the bought of the beam appeared a dragon's heed/ & out of his mouth came two huge lights that were as bright as any fire brenning/ & the one beam toward france & straight over the see thitherward/ & out of the beam came seven. beams full clear & long as it were the light fire. This star was seen of many a man/ but none of them wist what it betokened. Uter that was king Auri lambros brother that was in Wales with his host of Brytons saw that star/ & the great light that it gave/ he wondered thereof greatly what it might betoken/ & let call Merlin/ & prayed him for to tell what it might betoken.   

¶ Of the betokening of the star.  
MErlyn saw that star & beheld it long time/ & sithen he quoke and wept tenderly/ and said. Alas alas that so noble a king and so worthy is deed. And I do you to understand that Aurilambros your brother is empoisoned and that I see well in this star/ & yourself is betokened by the heed of the dragon that is seen at the bought of the beam that is yourself that shall be king and regne. And by the beam that standeth toward the east is understand that ye shall get a son that shall conquer all France/ & all the lands that belongeth to the crown of france/ that shall be a worthier king and of more honour than ever was any of his ancestors. And by the beam that stretcheth toward ireland is betokened that ye shall have a daughter that shall be queen of ireland. And the vij beams betoken that ye shall have vij sons/ & every one of them shall be king/ & shall regne with much honour. And abide ye no longer here/ but go & give battle to your enemies/ & fight with them boldly/ for ye shall overcome them & have the victory. Uter thanked Merlin heartily/ & took his men & went toward his enemies/ & they fought together mortally/ & so he discomfited his enemies and destroyed them/ & himself slew Passent that was Vortigers son. And his Britons slew Guillomer that was king of ireland and all his men. And Uter anon after the battle took his way toward Wynthestre for to do bury king Aurilambros that was his brother. But than was the body borne to Stonehenge with moche honour/ that he had do make in remem braunce of the Brytons that there were slain through treason of Engyst/ that same day that they should have been accorded/ and in the same place they buried Aurylambros/ the second year of his regne with all the worship that might belong unto such a king. On Whose soul god have mercy. Amen.   

¶ Of Uter pendragon/ & wherefore he was called so ye shall here. And how he was overtaken with the love of Igreyne that was the earls wife of cornwall.  
AFter the death of Aurilambros Uter his brother was crowned & reigned worthily. And i remembrance of the dragon that he was likened to/ he let make two dragons through counsel of his Britons/ & made that one for to be borne before him when he went in to ba tail/ & that other for to abide at Wynchestre in the bishops church. And for that cause he was called ever after Uter pendragon. And Otta that was Engistes son commended Uter but little that was made new king/ & against him began to move war/ & ordained a great company of his friends/ & of his kin/ & of Ossa his brother/ & had taken all the land from Humber unto York. But those of York held strongly against them/ and would not suffer them to come in to the cite neither to yield the cite to them/ & he besieged the town anon right/ & gave thereto a strong assault/ but they of that cite kept them well & strongly. And when Uter heard thereof/ he came thither with a great power for to help and rescue the cite/ & put away the siege and gave a strong battle/ & Otta & his company defended them as well as they might. But at the last they were discomfited/ & the most part of them slain/ and Otta & Ossa were taken & put in prison at Lon done. And Uter himself dwelled a while at York/ & after he went to Land. And at Eester after he would bear crown/ & hold a solemn feast/ and let summon all his earls & barons/ that they should come to that feast/ & all those that had wives should bring them also to ye●eest. And all came at the kings commandment as they were commanded. The feast was richly arrayed & holden/ & all worthily set to meet after that they were of estate So that the earl Gorloys of Corn wail & Igreyne his wife sat next to the king And when the king saw the fairness of that lady that she had/ anon he was ravished for her beauty/ & ofre he made to her nice countenance in looking and laughing. So at the last the earl perceived the privy looking & laughing and the love between them/ and rose up from the table in wrath/ & took his wife/ and called to him his knights/ & went thence all in wrath without taking leave of the king. The king anon sent after him that he should come again & go not thence in despite of him. And the earl would not come again in no manner of wise. Wherefore the king was full wrath/ & in wrath him defied as his deadly cu●my. And the earl went thence in to cornwall with his wife in to the castle of tintagel. And the king let ordain a great host & came in to cornwall for to destroy the earl if he might. But he had put him in the strong castle of Tyn tagell that was well arrayed/ & would not yield him to the king. And the king anon besieged the castle/ & there dwelled xu days & might not speed/ & ever thought upon Igreyne/ & upon her laid so moche love/ that he wist not what to do. So at the last he called to him a knight that was called Vlfin that was privy with him/ & told him all his counsel/ & asked of him what was best to do. Sir said he/ send after Merlin anon/ for he can tell you the best counsel of any man living. Merlin anon was sent after & came to the king. And the king told him all his counsel and his will. Sir said Merlin/ I shall do so much through the craft that I can/ that I shall make you come to night in the castle of tintagel/ & shall have all your will of that lady.   

¶ How king Uter begat on Igreyne that was the earls wife of cornwall Arthur king.  
MErlyn through craft that he could changed the kings figure in to the likeness of the earl/ & Vlfin Garloys his chamberlain in to the figure of jordan that was the earls chamberlain/ so that each of them was transfigured to others likeness. And when Merlin had so done he said to the king. Sir said he/ now may ye go suddenly to the castle of tintagel/ & ask enter there and have your will. The king took privily all the host to govern and lead to a knight that he moche loved/ & took his way toward the castle/ & with him took Vlfyn his chamberlain and Merlin. And when they came thither/ the porter wend it had been his own lord. And when time came for to go to bed/ the king went to bed with Igreyne the earls wife/ and did with her all his will/ & begat upon her a son which was called Arthur. And on the morrow the king took his leave of the lady and went again to his host. And the same night that the king lay by Igreyne in bed that was the earls wife the kings men gave a great assault to the castle. And the earl & his men manly defended them. But at the last it befell so that in the same assault the earl himself was slain & the castle taken. And the king anon returned again to tintagel and spoused Igreyne with moche honour and made her queen. And soon after that the time came that she should be delivered & had a son which was called Arthur. And after that gate on her a daughter that was called Amya. And when she was of age a noble baron that was called Aloth that was lord of Leon's wedded her. ¶ When Uter long time had reigned there came upon him a great sickness as it were a sorrow. And in the mean time those that had in keeping Otta that was Engistes son and Ossa his brother that than were in prison/ they let them go for great gifts that they gave/ and went with them. And when these two brethren were escaped & came again in to their own country they ordained a great power of folk/ & began to war again upon the king.   

¶ How king Uter chose Aloth to keep the land of britain while that he was seek/ for as much as he might not for his sickness.  
ANd for as much as king Uter was seek & might not help him self/ he ordained Aloth son of Eleyne that than was chosen for to be warden and ●heftayne of all his folk. And so he anon & his Brytons assembled a great host/ & gave battle to Otta and to his folk/ but Otta at the last was discomfited. ¶ It be fell thus after ward that these brytons had indignation of Aloth & would not be to him attendant/ where fore the king was wonders fore annoyed and let put him in a lyttet is the host among his folk. And they lad him to Vero●oin that than was a fair cite/ where as saint Albon was martyred/ and after was that cite destroyed with paynims & through war/ and thither they had sent Otta & Ossa & their people & entered in to the town & let make fast the gates/ & there they held them. And the king came & besieged them/ & made a strong assault. But they that were win manly defended them. The king let ordain his guns & his engines for to break the walls/ & the walls were so strong that no thing might misdo them. Otta & his people had great despite that a king dying in a litter had besieged them/ & took coum sail to come out on the morrow & give battle to the king/ & in that battle Otta & Ossa were slain/ & all the other alive fled in to scotland/ & made Colegrin their cheftayne. And the saxons that were escaped brought again a great strength/ & said among them/ if king Uter were deed they should well conquer the land/ & thought to poison him/ & ordained men to do this deed: giving them great gifts/ & they went thitherward in poor men's weed to accomplish their false purpose/ but it availed not/ for they might not come nigh the king. Till at the last they espied that the king drank none other liquor but water of a clear well that was nigh beside & these traitors on a day privily went to the well & put therein poison so that all the water was poisoned/ & anon after a● the king had drunken of the water/ he began to swell/ & soon after died/ & as many as drank of the water died also. And anon as this was espied/ folk of the town let stop the well for evermore. When the king was deed/ his folk bore him to Stonehenge with great solempnite of bishops & barons that were there to bury him beside Aurilambros his brother/ & after returned again everythone/ & sent after Arthur his son: & they made him king of the land with moche reverence after his faders death xvij year of his regne.   

¶ How Arthur that was the son of Vte● was crowned after his faders death/ & how he drove out of this land Coleg 〈…〉 & the saxons/ & Cheldrik of Aimayne.  
 
When Arthur was made king of the land he was but young of xu year of age/ but he was fair and bold and doughty of body/ & to meek folk he was good and courteous and large of spending/ and made him wondrously well beloved among all men where it was need. And when he began to regne he swore that the saxons never show have peace ne test till he had driven them out of the land/ & assembled a great host & fought with Colegrin/ the which after the time that Otta was deed the saxons maintained. And this Colegrin was discomfited & fled unto york & took the cite/ & there held him. And the king besieged him there/ but he gate no thing/ it was so strong/ & the cite defended it manly. In the mean time Cole grin left the city to Bladud & fled himself to Cheldrik that was king of Almaigne for to have succour of him. And he assembled a great power & arrived in scotland with .v. C. ships. And when Arthur wist of these tidings/ & saw he had not folk enough to fight with Cheldrik/ he left the siege & went to London/ & sent anon letters to howel of little britain his nephew his sisters son/ that he should come to him with all the power that he might. And he assembled a great host & arrived at southampton/ where king Arthur received him joyously with much honour. And those two hosts met & assembled them/ & took their way to Nichol that Cheldrik had besieged/ but it was not taken. And they came upon Cheldrik & his people or they witted where that they were/ & assailed them eagerly. King Cheldrik & his men defended them manly to their power. But king Arthur and his men slew so many saxons that never was seen such slaughter. And Cheldrik & his men that were left alive fled away/ and king Arthur pursued them & drove them out in to a wood that they might no ferder pass. Cheldrik & his men saw well that they were brought in to great disease/ & yielded them to king Arthur in this manner wise/ that he should take their horses & harness & all that they had/ & they would only go on foot in to their ships/ & so they would go home in to their own land and never come again in to this land. And upon assurance of this thing they gave him good host ages. And Arthur by counsel of his men granted this thing/ and received the hostages/ and thereupon the saxons went to their ships. And when they were in the high see the wind changed as the devil it would and they turned their navy and came again in to this land and arrived at Cotnes/ & went out of the ship 〈…〉 and took the loud/ and clean rob it/ and slew moche people/ and took all the armure that they might find/ & so they went forth till they came unto Bathe. But the men of the town shut fast their gates/ & would not suffer them to come within the town/ & they defended them well and manly against them.   

¶ How king Arthur gave battle unto the sarons when they came again in to this land/ & had besieged the town of Bathe/ and overcame them.  
When king Arthur heard these tidings/ he anon let hang the hostages/ & left howel of britain his nephew for to keep the march to ward Scotlond with half his people/ & himself went to help & rescue the town of Bathe. When he came thither he gave a strong battle to Cheldrik/ & slew almost all the people that he had. For no man might withstand him ne endure under the stroke of his sword/ & there were slain both Colegrin and Bladud his brother/ and Cheldrik fled thence & would have gone to his ships. But when king Arthur wist it/ he took ten M. knights to Cador that was earl of cornwall for to let & stop his passage. And Arthur himself went toward the march of scot land/ for messengers told him that the scots had besieged howel of britain there as he●ay seek/ & therefore he hasted him thitherward. And Cador pursued after Cheldrik/ & took him or he might come to his ships/ & slew him & his people. When Cador had done this voyage/ he hasted him again toward Arthur as fast as he might/ & found him in scotland/ where he had rescued howel of britain. But the Scots were far within Mountef/ and there they held them a while/ but Arthur pursued them/ & they fled thence in to Limoigne/ there were in that country lx yles/ & great plenty of birds & Eagles that were wont to cry & fight together and make great noise when folk came to rob that land/ and warn as much as they might/ and so they did/ for the Scots were so great raveners/ that they took all that they might find in the land of Limoigne without any sparing/ & therewith charged again the folk for to go in to scotland.   

¶ How king Arthur asked of Merlin the adventures of uj of the last kings that were to regne in England/ & how the land should end.  
SIr said Merlin/ in the year of the incarnation of jesus Chryst. M. CC xu shall come a lamb out of Wynthestre that shall have a white tongue & true lips/ & he shall have written in his heart holiness. This lamb shall make many god's houses/ & he shall have peace the most part of his life/ & he shall make one of the fairest places of the world that in his time shall not fully be made an end of. And in the end of his life a wolf of a strange land shall do him moche harm & sorrow through war/ but at the lamb shall be master through help of a reed fox that shall come out of the north west/ & shall overcome him/ & the wolf shall die in water. And after that time the lamb shall live no while but shall die. His seed shall be in a strange land. And the land shall be without a governor a little tyme.  
ANd after this time shall come a dragon meddled with mercy and also with woodness/ and he shall have a beard as a goat/ that shall give in England a shadow/ and shall kep● the land from cold & heat/ and his one foot shall be set in wyke/ and that other in London/ & he shall embrace in habitations And he shall open his mouth toward wales/ & the trembling of the hydour of his mouth his eeres shall stretch toward many habitations & countries & his breath shall be full sweet in strange land. And in his time shall the rivers run blood & with brain. And he shall make in places of his land walls that shall do moche harm unto his seed after his tyme. And than shall there come a people out of the Northwest during his regne/ that shall be lad through a wicked hare/ that the dragon shall do crown king/ that afterward shall flee over the see/ without coming again for dread of the dragon. And in that time the son shall be as read as blood that men shall see through out all the world/ that shall betoken great pestilence and death of folk/ through dint of sword & that people shall be fatherless till the time that the dragon die through an hare that shall move war against him unto the end of his life/ that shall not fully be ended in his tyme. This dragon shall behold in his time the best body of the world/ and he shall die beside the marches of a strange land/ & the land shall dwell fatherless without a good governor/ and men shall weep for his death from the isle of Shepey unto the haven of Marbyl/ wherefore alas shall be their song of faderlesse folk/ that shall over live in his land destroyed.  
ANd after this dragon shall come a goat out of Kar that shall have horns and a beard of silver/ and there shall come out of his nostrils a domp that shall betoken hunger & sorrow and great death of the people. And moche of his land in the beginning of his regne shall be wasted. This goat shall go over in to France/ & shall open the flower of his life & death. In his time there shall arise an Eagle in cornwall that shall have feathers of gold/ that of pride shall be with out peer of the land/ & he shall despise lords of blood. And after he shall flee shamefully by a bear at Gaverscch. And after shall be made bridges of men upon the costs of the see/ & stones shall fall from castles/ & many other towns shall be made plain. In this time shall seem that the bear shall burn/ & a battle shall be done upon the arms of the see in a field ordained as a shield/ & at that battle shall die many white hedes/ wherefore this battle shall be called the white battle. And the foresaid bear shall do this goat moche harm/ & it shall come out of the south west & of his blood. Than shall the goat lose moche of his land/ till the time that shendshyp shall overcome him. And than shall he cloth him in a lions skin & than shall he win that he had lost & more thereto. For a people shall come out of the northwest that shall make the goat so sore afeard that he shall be in great perplexite And he shall avenge him on his enemies by the counsel of two owls that first shall be in peril for to be undone. But the old owl shall go away a certain time and after he shall come again in to this land. These two owls shall do great harm to many one/ & so they shall counsel the goat to arere war against the foresaid bear. And at the last the goat & the owls shall come at Burton upon Trent/ & shall go over/ & for dread the bear shall flee & a swan with him fro his company to Burton toward the north/ & there they shall be with an hard shower/ & than shall the swan be taken & slain with sorrow/ & y● bear taken & heeded next unto his nest that shall stand upon a broken bridge/ on whom the son shall cast his beams/ & many shall him seek for virtue that shall come from him. In the same shall die for sorrow & care a people of his land/ so that many lands shall be upon him the more bolder afterward. And those two owls shall do moche harm to the foresaid flower of life/ & shall lead her in to distress/ so that she shall pass over the see in to france for to make peace between the goat & the flourdelyce/ & there she shall dwell till a time that her seed shall come and seche her/ & they shall be still till a time that they shall cloth them with grace/ and they shall seche the owls & put them to despitous death. And after shall this goat be brought to disease & anguish/ and in sorrow shall he live all his life.  
AFter this goat shall come out of wyndsore a bore that shall have an heed of a white lion's heart/ & piteous looking. His visage shall be rest to seek men. His breast shall be staunching of thirst to the thirsty. his word shall be gospel. his hearing shall be meek as a lamb. In the first year of his regne he shall have great pain to iustyfye them that be untrue. And in his time shall his land be multiplied with aliauntes. And this bore through fierceness of his heart/ shall make wolves to become lambs. And he shall be called through out the world/ the bore of holiness/ of fierceness/ of nobleness/ & of meekness. And he shall do measurably all that he shall do unto the bourgh of jerusalem And he shall whet his teeth upon the gates of Paris/ and upon four lands spain shall tremble for dread. Gascoyn shall sweet. In France he shall put his wing. His great tail shall rest in England softly. Almaigne shall quake for dread of him. This bore shall give mantles to two towns of england/ & shall make the river ren with blood & brain/ & he shall make many meadows reed/ & shall get as much as his ancestors did/ & or he die he shall bear three crowns/ & he shall put a land in to great subjection/ & after it shall be recovered/ but not in his tyme. This bore after he is deed for his dough tynes shall be buried at Coleyn/ and his land shall than be replete of all good.  
AFter this bore shall come a lamb having feet of lead/ & an heed of brass & a heart of a lop/ a swines skin and an hard. And in his time his land shall be in peace the first year of his regne He shall do make a cite that all the world shall speak of. This lamb shall lose through a wolf a great part of his land/ but he shall recover it/ & give a lordship to an eagle of his land/ & this eagle shall well govern it till pride shall overcome him/ alas the sorrow/ for he shall die of his brother's sword. And after shall the land fall to the foresaid lamb/ that shall rule the land in peace all his life/ & after he shall die/ & the land shall be fulfilled with all goods.  
AFter this lamb shall come a mould warp/ cursed of god's mouth/ a caitiff/ a coward/ an hare. He shall have an elderly skin as a goat/ & vengeance shall fall upon him for sin. The first year of his regne he shall have of all good great plenty in his land/ and shall have great praising in his land till the time that he shall suffer his people live into moche pride without chastising/ wherefore god will be wroth. Than shall arise up a dragon of the north that shall be full fierce/ & shall move war against the moldwarpe giving him battle on a stone. This dragon shall gather in his company a wolf coming out of the west to move war against the moldwarp in his siege/ & so shall the dragon & he bind their tails to guider. Than shall come a lion out of It land that shall fall in company with them/ & than shall tremble the land that shall be called england as an aspen leaf/ & in the time shall castles be kest down upon Tamyse And it shall seem the Severne shall be dry for the deed bodies that shall fall therein The four chief floods in England shall ren in blood/ & great dread shall be & anguish that shall arise. After the moldwarp shall flee & the dragon. The lion & the wolf shall drive them away/ & the land shall be without them. And the moldwarp shall have no manner of power/ save only a ship whereto he may go. And after that he shall give the third part of his land to have the fourth part in rest & peace/ & after he shall live in sorrow all his life tyme. And in his time the hot baths shall become cold. And after that shall the moldwarp die aventurously & sodemly/ alas for sorrow/ for he shall be drowned in a flood of the see. His seed shall become fatherless in strange lands for evermore & than shall the land be departed in to three parts/ that is to say/ to the wolf/ to the dragon/ & to the lion. And so shall it be for ever more. And than shall this land be called the land of conquest. And so shall the tight heirs of England end. ¶ This same time that Merlin told to king Arthur of those kings/ Guillomer of ireland ordained a great power of irishmen & arrived in scotland fast by where as king Arthur lay with his host.   

¶ How king Arthur fought with Guillomer & overcame him. And how the scots became his men.  
 
When Guillomer that was king of ireland heard tidings that king Arthur was entered at Glastenbury/ he ordained a great power of irishmen & came to the see with them/ & so came in to scotland over the see/ & arrived fast by there as king Arthur was with his host. And anon as he wist thereof/ he went towards him & gave him battle & overcame him. And Guillomer fled with his men again in to ireland. And when this was done/ Arthur returned again in to the place where he had left the scots & would have slain them all. But the bishops/ abbots & other folk of the country & ladies open heeded come before king Arthur & cried him mercy/ saying. gentle king as ye are a maintainer of christendom/ have pite on us your even christen/ for by our death ye get no worship/ as to slay christen folk/ & therefore have mercy on us/ for we have had moche sorrow by the Saxons that have passed through our country/ but that is not enough to you/ for they have taken our castles & slain out beasts & eaten/ & much harm have done us/ & if ye slay us crying you mercy/ it should be great dishonour to you. For ye have done enough to us/ & have overcomen us/ & for gods love suffer us to live & have mercy on christen people that believe in Chryst as ye do. When king Arthur herd this sorrow/ he had pite on them/ & gave them life & limb without any more harm/ & they fell down to his feet & thanked him/ & became his lyege men/ & he took of them homage. And after that king Arthur turned again with his host & came to york/ & there abode during the viage. And than gave he all Logres to Aloth that had spoused his sister/ & plenty of other gifts. Than was Gawen his cousin but young of age. To all his men that had served him in his war he gave rich gifts thanking them of their good service.   

¶ How king Arthur spoused Guenever the earls cousin of cornwall/ and after he conquered all ireland.  
When king Arthur had brought his land in peace & rest & in good state/ and all was well in every country. Than took he & wedded a wife that was called Guenever/ & made her queen/ a fair lady & a gentle/ y● Cador the earl of cornwall had nourished in his chambre that was his cousin. But never they had children together/ & nevertheless king Arthur loved her full well. And anon as winter was past/ he let assemble a great host and all his barons/ & said that he would go in to ireland for to conquer the land. And he tarried not long that he ne passed over in to Ireland. And Guillomer the king let assemble a great host/ & gave battle to king Arthur. But Guillomer was discomfited and yielded him to the king & became his man/ & to him did feaute & homage/ & of him held all that land fro that time forward. And after passed king Arthur furthermore and conquered Gutlonde & Islonde/ & took homage of the folk of the land/ and there dwelled twelve year in peace/ and reigned with joy and mirth/ & there warred no man nor woman upon him. And he became so courteous & large & honourable/ that the emperors court of Rome/ ne none other through out all the world was not accounted to king Arthur that any man wist of/ nor none so well praised. And therefore the best knights of all manner lands came unto him there for to dwell. And he received them with good will & reverence. And all the knights were so good that no man knew the wert. And therefore king Arthur made a round table/ that when they should sit at their meet/ all should be like high & evenly served at the table/ that none of them should make vaunt that one were higher than an other. And king Arthur had at that table brytons & frenshmen/ normans & flemings/ burr gonyons/ mausers & lotherins'/ & of all the lands on this half the mount Gory and of his land of great britain/ & of cornwall/ of Wales/ & of ireland/ & of Scotlond/ and shortly to tell of all the lands that would worship chivalry such came to king Arthur's court.   

¶ How king Arthur went in to france & conquered the land of Froll that was a Roman/ & how he slew him.  
SIth it befell that king Arthur through counsel of his barons & lords would go to conquer all France that than was called Gall through romans that than held the land in their power & in their governance. And the romans had taken that land to a noble knight and a worthy of body that was called Froll. And when he wist that king Arthur came/ he ordained an host of a great power/ & fought with the king/ And he & his folk were discomfited/ & fled unto Paris & entered the cite/ and closed the gates/ and there held him. When Arthur wist that Froll was gone to Paris/ he pursued after & came thither & besieged him. But the cite was strong & well arrayed/ & they that were therein defended them well and manly. King Arthur dwelled there more than a month/ & there was so moche people in the cite that they dispended all their victuals that they had within: & so great hunger became among them that they died wonders thick within the cite for hunger/ & came unto Froll/ & prayed him to be accorded with king Arthur for to have peace and they would yield them unto him & the cite also. Froll saw that he might no longer hold the cite against their will & trusted greatly upon his own strength & sent to king Arthur that he should come fight with him body for body/ & so should they depart france between them two. King Arthur anon granted it/ & 〈◊〉 not that none of his people undertook the battle for him. And on y●●●orow both came well arrayed without Paris/ where as they should fight. And anon together they smote so fiercely/ and so well they fought on both sides/ that no man could dame the better of them. And so it befell that Froll gave Arthur such a stroke that he kneeled to the ground whether he would or not/ & as Froll withdrew his 〈…〉 erred he wounded king Arthur in the forehead that the blood fell down by his eyen & his face. Arthur anon start up eagerly when he felt himself hurt as a man that seemed almost would/ & he took Tabourne his good sword & drew it up on high/ and gave Froll such a stroke that therewith he clave his heed down to the shoulders/ so that his heline might not be his warrant/ & so he fell down deed in the place. And than they of the cite made great sorrow for Froll And everichone yielded them unto king Arthur/ & the town also/ & became his men/ & did to him homage & feaute. And he received them/ & took of them good hostages. And king Arthur after that went forth with his host & conquered Angeo & Angiers/ Gascoin/ Poytou/ Naverne & Burgoyn/ Berry/ Lotherin/ Turin/ & Poitiers/ & all the other lands of france he conquered holly. And when he had all conquered & taken homage & sovereignty/ he ●●turned again to Paris/ & there dwelled he long time/ & ordained peas long time over all the country & through out all france. And when peace was made over all through his noble knighthood that he had/ & also for his own worthiness. And no man were he never so great a lord durst not move war against him neither to arise to make the land of france unquiet. And in peace he dwelled there ix. year/ & did many great wonders/ & reproved many proud men & ill tyrants 〈◊〉 chastised them after their deserving.   

¶ How king Arthur avaunted all his men that had travailed in his service.  
●Nd afterward it befell thus at easter there as he held a feast at Paris/ & richly he begun to advance his knights for their service that they had helped him in his conquest. He gave to his steward that was called Kay Angeo & Ang●ers/ & to Bedeler his butler he gave Normandy that was called Neustrie And to Holdyn his chamberlain he gave Flaundres & Mance/ & to dorel his cousin he gave Boloyne/ and to Richard his nephew he gave Pountyf/ and to all other he gave large lands & fees after they were of estate. And when Arthur had thus feffed his knights/ at Apryl next after following he came again in to britain his own land/ and after at whitsuntide next following by counsel of his barons he wol● be crowned king of Glomergon/ & hel●e a solemn feast/ & let summon knights/ earls/ & barons/ that they should come thither everichone/ & there was Scatter king of scotlonde/ Cadwere king of South-Wales Guillomer king of North-wales/ Maded king of ireland/ Malgamus king of Gutlonde/ Achilles king of Islonde/ Aloth king of Denmark/ Gonewas king of Norway/ & Hell his cousin king of Dorkeney/ Cador king of little britain/ Morwith earl of cornwall/ Mauran earl of Glocestre/ Guerdon earl of winchester/ Bo●l earl of Harford/ Vrtegy earl of oxford/ Cursal earl of Bathe jonas earl of Chestre/ Enerall earl of Dorchestre/ Kymare earl of Salysbury Waloth earl of Caunterbury/ jugerne earl of chichester/ Arall earl of Leicestre & the earl of Warwyk/ & many other moo rich lords. Brytons there came moo/ that is to say Dippon/ Donaud/ Gennes & many other that be not named here were at that feast/ & many a fair feast king Arthur had held before/ but never none such/ ne none so solemn/ & that lasted xv. days with moche honour & mirth.   

¶ Of the letter that was sent from Rome for pride to king Arthur.  
THe third day as king Arthur sat at his meet among his kings/ & among them that sat at the fee●● before them came in twelve men of age richly arrayed/ & courteously they salued the king/ & said they came from Rome sent as messengers fro the emperor/ & took to him a letter that thus moche was to understand. greatly us marveleth Arthur that y● art ones so hardy with the eyen in thy heed to make open war and contake against us of Rome/ that own all the world to dame/ for y● hast never yet before this time proved ne assayed the strength of the romans/ & therefore thou it shall in a little tyme. For julius cesar conquered all the land of britain/ & took thereof truage/ & our folk have it long had/ & now through thy pride y● withholdest it/ wherefore we of Rome command the that y● yield it again. And yet hast thou done more folly/ that y● hast slain Froll that was our baron of France with wrong/ & therefore all the comyns of Rome warneth the & commandeth the upon life & lym●e/ that y● in haste be at Rome for to make amends of thy misdeeds that thou hast done. And it be so that y● come not/ we shall pass the hill of joy with strength/ & we shall seek the where ever y● mayst be found/ & thou shalt not have a foot of land of thine own/ that we ne shall destroy it/ & afterward with thy body we shall do our will. When this letter was red/ & all men it heard/ they were annoyed all that were at that solemn feast/ & the Brytons would have slain the messengers/ but the king would not suffer them/ & said that the messengers should have no harm & may by reason none deserve/ but commanded them to be worshipfully served. And after meet took counsel of kings/ earls & barons what answer he might give again to the messengers. And they counseled him that he should assemble a great power of all the lands of which he had lordship/ & manly avenge him on the emperor of the despite that he had sent him such a letter/ & they swore by god & by his na●es that they should pursue him & burn as much as they might/ & said the they would neu●● fail king Arthur/ & had rather to be deed. And they l●t write a letter to send to the emperor by the same messengers in this manner of wise.   

¶ Of the bold answer that king Arthur sent to the emperor of Rome and to the romans.  
understand among you of Rome that I am king Arthur of britain/ & freely it hold & shall hold/ And at Rome hastily I will be/ not to give truage/ but for to ask truage. For Constantyne that was Eleyns' son that was emperor of Rome/ & of all the honour that thereto belongeth. And Ma●imyan king conquered all France and Almaigne/ & passed mount joy/ & conquered all Lombardy/ & these two were mine ancestors/ & that they held & had I shall have through god's will.   

¶ Of the reverence that king Arthur did to the emperors messengers.  
When this letter was made & 〈◊〉 sealed/ king Arthur unto th●se messengers gave great gifts/ And after that the messengers took their leave & went● thence & came to the cour●● of Rome again/ & told the emperor how worthily they were received and also of the ryal company that he had for to serve him/ and how he was more ●y ally served than the emperor of Rome or any other king living in the world. And when the emperor had ouers●en the letter/ & had herd what was therein and saw that Arthur would not be ●uled after him/ he let assemble & ordain a great host for to destroy king Arthur if that he might. And king Arthur as touching his power and party ordained his power & knights of the round table.   

¶ Of the kings and lords that came for to help king Arthur against the emperor.  
●He king of Scotlond/ of ireland of Gutlonde/ of Denmark/ & of Almaigne/ each of them had ten M. me●/ the duke of Normandy/ Gascoyn/ Flaundres/ Poytou/ and of Boloyne/ each had four thousand. Gerin of Chartres had x. thousand. howel of britain had twelve thousand/ & himself of his own land xij. thousand. And of arbalastres and of archers & of other folk on foot/ that no man could number them. And when all were ready for to go/ king Arthur took his land & Guenever his wife to keep to one of his nephews that was a wise knight and a hardy which was called Mordred/ but he was not all true/ as ye shall here afterward. King Arthur took all his realm to this Mordred/ save only the crown. And after that king Arthur took his host & went to South hamton where that the ships were brought & the folk assembled/ and they went unto the see/ and had wind and weather at will. And as soon as they might they arrived at Ha●●●et/ and as shortly as they could they went a land out of their ships/ and spread over all the country.   

¶ How king Arthur fought with a giant in Spain that was called Dinabus that slew Eleyve that was king Howels cousin of little britain.  
king Arthur had not dwelled in the country but a little time that men told him that there was comen a great giant in to Spain/ and had ravished fair Eleyne that was cousin unto howel of little britain/ and had brought her upon an hill that is called the mount of saint bernard/ and there was no man in that country so bold nor so hardy that durst fight with him/ ne come nigh the place where as the giant dwelled that was called Dinabus/ and moche sorrow he did in that country. When king Arthur heard these tidings/ he called to him Kay & bedewer and commanded them for to go privily and espy where the giant might be found. And they came to the rivage there as men should go to the mount that was all enclosed about with water/ & yet is and ever shall be. And they saw a brenning fire upon the hill. And there was also an other hill nigh that/ & there was upon that an other fire brenning. Kay and bedewer came to the next hill/ & found a widow open heeded/ sitting beside a tomb sore weeping/ and made great sorrow/ & oft she said Eleyn Eleyn And Kay & bedewer asked what she was/ and wherefore she made so moche sorrow/ & who lay in that tomb. O said she/ what sorrow & misadventure fair lords seek ye here/ for if the giant may find you here/ he will slay you anon. Be still good wife said they/ thereof dismay you not/ but tell us the sooth why that thou makest so much sorrow and weeping. Sirs said she/ for a damosel that I nourished with my breasts that was called Eleyn/ that was cousin to howel of britain. And here lieth the body in this tomb which to me was taken to nourish. And so there came a devil a giant and ravished her/ and me also/ and lad us both with him away. And he would have forlayn that maid that was so young and tender of age/ but she might not suffer it/ so great and so huge as the giant was. And for certain if he come now as he is wont to do/ he will you now both ●lee/ & ther fore go ye hens. Than spoke these two messengers and said to her/ wherefore go ye not from hens. Certes sirs said she when that Eleyn was deed/ the gya●● made me to abide to do and haunt his will/ 〈◊〉 I must it 〈◊〉 suffer/ & god it woteth I do it not with my will/ for I had ●euer to be deed than to deal with him so moche pain & sorrow I have when he me forlyeth. When Kay & bedewer had heard all that this woman told them they returned again & came to king Arthur/ & told him all that they had seen & heard. Arthur anon took them both with him and went privily by night that none of his host wist/ & came on the morrow early to the giant & fought with him strongly/ & at the last slew him. And Arthur ●ad bedewer to smite of his heed & bring it in to the host to show it for a wonder/ for it was so great and huge. When they came again to the host/ they told wherefore they had been out/ & showed to them the heed. And every man was glad & joyful of the worthy deed that king Arthur had done that was their lord. And howel was full sorrowful for his cousin that was so lost. And after ward when he had space he let make a fair chapel of our lady over Eleyns' tomb.   

¶ How king Arthur gave battle to the emperor/ in the which battle the emperor was slain.  
ARthur & his people had tidings that the emperor had assembled a great power/ as well of saracens as of paynims & christian men/ whereof the number was lxxx M. horse men/ with foot men. Arthur & his people ordained fast forth in their way toward the empe rour & passed Normandy & France unto Burgoyn/ & would have gone to the host For men told him that the emperors host would come to Lucy. The emperor & his host in the beginning of August removed from Rome/ & came forth right the way toward the host. Than came king Arthur's espies & said/ if that Arthur would he should find the emperor there fast by/ but they said that the emperor had so great power with him of kings of the land of paynims/ & also christian people/ that it were but folly to king Arthur to meet with them. For the spies told that the emperor had five or two men against one of his. King Arthur was bold & hardy/ and for no thing him dismayed & said. Go we boldly in god's name against the romans that with them lead saracens & paynims/ that have no manner trust in god/ but only upon their strength. Go we now & seek them sharply in the name of almighty god/ & slay we the paynims & christian men that be against us with them for to destroy christian men/ & god shall help us to overcome them/ for we have the right opinion/ & therefore have we trust in god/ & do we so that the enemies that be to christendom & to god may be destroyed & overcomen/ & that men may record the worthiness of knighthood. When king Arthur had thus said/ they cried all with an high voice. God that is father almighty worshipped be thy name without end. amen. And grant us grace well for to do/ & to destroy our enemies that be against christendom. In the name of the father/ the son/ & the holy ghost. amen. And god give him never grace n● worship in the world/ ne mercy of him to have/ that this day shall faint well for to smite & eagerly. And so they road softly & ordained their wings well & wisely The emperor heard t●ll that king Arthur & his folk were ready appareled for to fight with him/ & how they were coming/ he let ordeyve his wings in the best manner that he could/ & more trusted in his strength than in almighty god/ & that was seen afterward. For when the two hosts met/ the emperor lost. iiij of his men against ou● of Arthur's/ & so many were slain what on the one party & what on that other/ that it was great pity to wite & behold. In this battle were slain through king Arthur's .v. kings of the paynims & of other wonders much people. And king Arthur's men fought so well that the romans & paynims had no more strength to with stand them than twenty sheep against .v. wolves. And so it befell that in this battle in the shower that was wonders hard & long during on that one side & on that other/ the emperor among them there was slain/ but there was no man that wist for very sooth who him slew.   

¶ How king Arthur let bury his lords & knights that he had lost in the battle and how he sent the emperors body to Rome that there was slain in battle.  
When the romans wist that the emperor was deed/ they for soak the field/ & the paynims also And king Arthur chased after them till it was night/ & so many of them slew that it was wonder to tell. And when it was night king Arthur turned again & thanked god of his victory. And on the morrow he let look & search all the field for his knights that he there lost/ that is to say Borel earl of maunt/ Bedewer & kay/ & Ligiers earl of Boloyn/ Vrgety earl of Baar/ Aloth earl of Wynchestre/ Cursael earl of Chestre/ and Holden earl of Flaundres. These were the great lords that king Arthur lost in that battle with other worthy knights among them. And some he let bury in abbeys by the country/ some he let be borne into their own country. And the emperors body he let take & put upon a bear/ & sent it to Rome/ & sent to say the romans that for britain & France which he held/ other truage would he none pay. And if they asked him any other truages/ right such truage he would tham pay king Arthur let here key to kenen his own castle/ & there buried him. And Ligier was borne to Boloyn where he was lord. And Holden was borne in to Flaundres/ and there was buried. And all the other he let bury with moche honour in abbeys & in houses of religion in the country there they were slain. And king Arthur himself sojourned that same year in Burgoyne with his host/ & thought that same year folowyuge to pass the mount of joy/ and to have gone to Rome for to take the cite/ and to have put the romans in subjection/ but the wicked tyrant Mordred letted him/ as after ye shall here.   

¶ How the traitor Mordred to whom king Arthur took his land to kept & his castles/ & he held them against him.  
When king Arthur had taken to Mordred his realm to keep/ and was gone against the emperor of Rome/ & was passed the see/ Mordred anon took homage & feaute of all them that were in this land/ & would have had the land to his own use/ & took castles all about and let them be arrayed. And after this faisnes he did an other great wrong/ for against the law of thrystendom he took his own uncles wife as a traitor and ordained him a great host against king Arthur's coming/ to hold the land against him with strength for evermore/ and to slay king Arthur if he might/ & sent by see & by land/ and let assemble paynims & christian people. And he sent to saxons and to danes for to help him And also Mordred sent to Cheldrik to do men come to him out of saxon/ that was a worthy duke/ & promised him if that he brought with him much people he would gra●●●e him in heritage for ever more all the land from beyond Humber to scotlonde/ & all the land that Engist had of Vortygers gyste when that he spoused his doughtcr. And Cheldrik came with a great strength & power of people And Mordred had assembled also on his half/ that they had xl M. of strong knights when that they had need.   

¶ How king Arthur chased that traitor Mordred/ & how he was slain/ & king Arthur Wounded to death.  
THese tidings came to king Arthur where as he was in Burguyn/ & was thereof sore annoyed/ & took all France to howel for to keep with half of his men/ & prayed him to keep it till he came again/ for he hyselfe would go into britain/ & avenge him on the false traitor Mordred/ & went his way & came to whytsand/ & took shipping with his men/ & a great host of frenshmen/ & arrived at sandwich. But or that he might come to land with his people/ Mordred was come with all his power/ & gave a strong battle/ so that king Arthur lost many a man or he might come to land For there was Gawayne his nephew slain & Augnissell that held scotland/ & many other/ whereof king Arthur was full sorry. But after that they were comen to land/ Mordred might not against them endure/ but was discomfited & fled thence the same night with his men/ & on the morrow came to London/ but men of the cite would not let him enter/ & from thence fled to wynehestre/ & there held him with his people. King Arthur let take the body of Gawayn his cousin/ & the body of Augnissel/ & let that one be borne to scotland/ & that other to Pover & buried. And after king Arthur took his way to destroy Mordred/ & he fled thence into Corn Wail. And the queen Guenever that was king Arthur's wife that than sojourned at york heard that Mordred was fled thence/ & that he might not endure against king Arthur/ she was sore afeard and had great doubt/ & wist not what was best to do For she wist well that her lord king Arthur would never of her have mercy for the great shame that she had done him/ & took her way privily with four men & no more/ & came to Karlyon/ & there she dwelled all her life/ & was never seen among folk. King Arthur wist that Mordred was fled in to cornwall/ & let send after his men in to Scotlond & Northumberland unto Number/ and let assemble folk without number & went unto cornwall to seek Mordred. And Mordred had assembled to him all that folk of cornwall without number/ & wist that Arthur was coming/ & had liefer to die & take his chance than longer to flee/ & abode & gave an hard battle to king Arthur & his people: so that there escaped none away on live save king Arthur & other that were wounded to death/ for Mordred was slain & all his people/ and all king Arthur's noble knights of the round table/ whereof it was great pity. And king Arthur's made him to be borne in a litter to Auyon to be heeled of his wounds. And yet the Brytons suppose that he liveth in an other land/ & that he shall come yet & conquer all britain. But certes this is the prophecy of Merlin. He said his death should be doubtous/ & he said troth. For thereof yet men have doubt/ & shall have for evermore as men say. For men wot not whether that he is on live or deed. ¶ Arthur was borne to Auyon the. xxii year of his regne/ after the incarnation of our lord Jesus Chryst .v. C xlvi year.   

¶ How king Arthur delivered the realm unto Constantyne the son of Cador his nephew.  
 
When king Arthur wist that he might regne no longer/ he let come before him Constantyne that was Cador's son earl of Cornewayl his cousin/ and to him betook all his realm bidding him to be king thereof till that he came again/ for as much as he had none heir begotten of his body/ and great harm it was/ that so noble a king and so doughty as he was had no child of his body begotten. But all thing that god will have done/ must be done/ whose name be blessed without end. amen.   

¶ How Constantyne slew Mordred's two sons that warred upon him.  
THis Constantyne was a noble & a worthy knight of body. And that two sons that Mordred had begotten had great envy unto Constantyne that than was crowned king. And so it befell that they begun to move war against him/ & assembled a great host of them that were before with Mordred/ & had been driven away/ which did much sorrow through out all the land. That one brother ordained him to go to London for to take the cite/ & that other went to wynchestre. But Constantyne came to London and slew him that was there And after he went to wynch estren & sleme him that was there also. And so was he quite of both his enemies. When Constantyne had regued well & worthily four year he died/ & lieth at London.   

¶ Of king Adclbryghe and of king edel.  
AFter king Constantine'S death there were two kings in britain/ that one was called Adtlbryght that was a Dane/ & he held the country of Norfolk and Suffolk. That other height edel and was a bryton/ and he held Nicholl/ lindsay/ & all the land unto Number. These two kings fast warred together/ but they were after accorded/ & loved together as they had been borne of one body. The king edel had a sister that was called Orewenne/ and he gave her through great friendship to king Adelbryght to wife. And king Adelbryght begat upon her a daughter that was called Argentyl. And that third year after came upon him a strange sickness that needs he must die. And he sent to king edel his brother in law that he should come & speak with him/ and he came to him with a good will. Than prayed he the king and conjured him also in the name of god/ that after when he were deed/ he should take his daughter argentil & the land/ & keep and nourish her in his chambre. And when she were of age that he should marry her to the strongest & worthiest man that he might find/ and than he should yield up her land again. King edel granted it/ and by oath confirmed his prayer. And when Adelbright was deed & buried/ edel took that damosel argentil/ & nourysshen her in his chambre/ & she became as fair as any might be.   

¶ How king edel married the damosel to a knave of his kerhym.  
THis king edel that was uncle to Argent yet/ bet hought how he might falsely have the land from his niece/ & falsely against his oath to deceive the damosel/ & to marry her to a knave of his kechin that was called Curan/ & he became the worthiest & strongest man of body that any man wist in any land living/ & to him he thought shamefully to have married her for to have had her land afterward/ but he was deceived. For this Curan was Haveloks son that was king of kyrklane in Denmark/ & this Curan tonquered his wives land afterward/ & slew king Edel that was his wives uncle & had all her land/ as in an other place it telleth more openly: & he reigned but three year/ for saxons & danes slew him/ & that was great harm to all britain/ & the brytons bore him to Stonehenge/ and there buried him honourably.   

¶ Of king Conan that was Curans cousin.  
AFter this Curan reigned Conan his cousin/ a proud knight/ & he reigned without love/ & ever was meddling with his people/ & took his uncle with war slaying his two children. The Saxons warred against him oftentimes/ but he overcame them/ & so he was in peace all his lyftyme/ & he reigned xiiij year/ & after he died & lieth at London.   

¶ Of king Cortyf & Gurmond that came through the paynims in to britain.  
AFter this Conan reigned his cousin Cortyf/ that was behated of all his people/ & this Cortyf lost all britain through war/ & in his time fell that great mischief in britain that thrystendom was destroyed/ & all the brytons were wyven out of the land/ but afterward left 〈◊〉 to the saxons/ as afterward ye shall here For in that time there was a paynim that was called Gurmond the kings son Daufrikes of the paynims folk/ & should have been king after his father/ but he gave it to his brother/ & said he would be no king till he had conquered a realm in a strange country. And of him prophe cyed Merlin/ calling him a wolf of the see. And he let assemble paynims without nomrbe & ships. And going by the see he conquered divers lands/ taking homage of many. And he came in Irionde & conquered it/ that oftentimes warred upon brytons/ & brytons upon them/ & oft won & oft lost/ & gave hostages to brytons. And so they sent to Gurmond there as he was in ireland/ that he should come & help them against that brytons/ & they would gladly make him their lord. For he was a paynim/ & they were paynims/ and the brytons were christian. When Gurmond heard this/ he hasted him & arrived in scotland/ & came in to Northumberlond where as the saxons were dwelling/ & they confirmed that covenants between them made by oaths & hostages/ for to bear him true faith/ & hold him forlorde/ & pay to him truage by year. Than began that saxons & the africans to destroy/ rob & burn to wnes/ & destroyed all manner thing/ sparing neither man/ woman/ ne child/ learned nelewde/ but slew all/ & kest down towns/ castles & churches/ & so put that land to great destruceyon. And as soon as they might flee they fled thence as well poor as rich/ bishops & men of religion/ great & small/ some in to little britain/ & some in to cornwall/ and all those that might have ships.   

¶ How king Gurmonde drove king Cortif to chuhestre/ & slew the britons and through subtlety gate the town.  
 
COrtyf the king fled thence in to Chichestre that than was a good cite and a strong/ & there held him twenty days. And this Gurmond came and be syeged it. But the cite was so strong that he might not get it by no manner of wise/ wherefore they thought by subtlety to burn the town/ they made engines with glue of nets/ and took pieces of tunder & fire & bound it to sparrows feet and afterward let them flee/ and they anon right flew in to the town there as their nests were/ in thackes and in evyssynges of houses/ & the fire began to kindle & brent all the town. When the brytons saw that/ they hied them out & fought/ but anon they were slain & discomfited/ & while the battle duted the king all in despair privily went in to wales/ so that men witted not where he became. And so was the town of chichester taken & destroyed. And after Gurmond went & destroyed towns & cities that never after were made again/ as it is seen yet in this land in many places.   

¶ How this land was called england for the name of Engist/ and how many kings were made after in this land.  
When Gurmond had destroyed all the land through out/ he gave the land to the saxons/ & anon they took it with good will. For the saxons long time had desired it/ for as moche as they were of Engistes' kindred/ that first had all the land of britain/ & let them be called englyshmen/ for because of Engistes' name. And the land they let call england in their language/ & the folk been called Englishmen/ for as much as in his time it was called Engist land when he had conquered it of Vortiger. But fro the time the Brute came first in to this land it was called britain/ & the folk brytons But sith the time that Gurmond conquered this land the saxons named it England as before is said. And when this was done/ Gurmond passed over in to france & there conquered many lands/ & destroyed all christian people where as he came. And the saxons dwelled in this land/ & began fast to inhabit it at their own will/ & they would have made new kings & lords/ but they could never assent to have only one king for to be to them attendant/ & therefore they made many kings in divers shires/ as it was in Engistes tyme. The first kingdom was Kent/ & that other Southsex/ & the third westsex/ the fourth Estsex/ and the fifth Northumberland/ the sixth Estangle/ that is to say Norfolk & Suffolk/ & the vij Merchenrich/ & that is yn earldom of Nicholl/ Huntyngdon/ Harford/ Glo●estre/ wynchestre/ warwick & Derby/ & so departed all england in to vij parts. And after that it befell y● though kings warred often times together. And ever he that was strongest took him that was feeblest/ & so it was long time that they had no king crowned among them/ nor no christian man was than among them ne christendom neither. But were paynims till that saint Gregory was pope of Rome/ that had seen children of the nation of england in the cite of Rome that were wonders fair creatures/ & had great will & desire to behold them/ & asked of the merchants of whence they were & of what nation. And men told him they were of England/ & english they were called/ but they & all the people of england were paynims/ & believed not on god. Alas said saint Gregory/ well may they be called english/ for they have the visages of aun gels/ and therefore well ought they to be christian. And for this cause Gregory sent saint Austin in to England/ & xl good men with him that were of good life & holy men to preach & teach/ & to convert the english people/ & turn them to god/ & that was in the uj year that saint Gregory had been pope of Rome/ that is to say/ after the incarnation of our lord jesus Chryst v. C lxxxv. year as the chronicles telleth.   

¶ How saint Austyn baptized & converted king Adelbryght/ and the bishops that he made his fellows.  
When saint Austin came first in to England/ he arrived in the isle of Tenet/ & so passed forth & came to Caun terbury/ and there sojourned. And king Adelbryght of Kent that was of the lineage of Engist goodly received saint Austyn & his fellows with moche honour/ & found them all y● them needed. And more over he gave them a fair place/ that now is call led the abbey of saint Austin/ in which place helyeth himself shrined. ¶ This king Adelbryght was a good man/ & with good will herd saint austyn's pray dicacyons/ and gave him leave to preach through out all his land of Kent to turn and convert to him all the people that he might. It befell so afterward through god's grace/ that in a little time the king himself was converted to god/ & all the people of his land was baptized. And in the mean while the people turned them to god/ saint Austyn came to Rochestre & there preached the word of god/ & the paynims scorned him therefore/ & cast upon him reygh tails/ so that all his mantel was hanged full of those reygn tails/ & for more despite they cast on him the guts of reyghes and other fish. Wherefore the good man saint Austin was sore annoyed & grieved/ & prayed to god that all those children of the cite that should be borne afterward/ that is to say/ in the cite of Rochestre might have tails/ and so they had. When the king heard of this vengeance that was fallen through saint Augustine's prayer/ he let make a house in the honour of almighty god/ wherein women should be delivered of their children at the bridges end/ in the which bous yet women of the cite been delivered of child. When saint Gregory had herd tell how the english people were turned to god & converted/ he sent unto saint Austyn his pallyon by a bishop that was called Paulyn/ and made him primate and archbishop of England and sent word that he should ordain and make bishops in the land. And anon as saint Austyn had the pallyon of the dignity of the archbishop/ he made two bishops of his fellows the which came with him from Rome/ of whom that one was called Mellyte/ & he held his dignity at London/ and that other was called justyne/ and he held his dignity at Rochestre. And this bishop Mellyte than went to preach the word of god in Essex/ and there baptized the king of the country which was called Sicwith that was king Adelbryghtes to sin his sisters son. This justyn went to preach in Southsex/ & turned moche of the people to god/ & saint Austin himself preached through out all England.   

¶ How saint Austyn went in to wales where as the Brytons were/ and how they would not be obedient to the arch bishop of Caunterbury.  
When all england was baptized and turned to god/ saint Austin went in to the land where as the brytons were to keep them from english men/ that is to say in wales/ & there he found monks & abbeys/ & vij bishops For the brytons destroyed always the chrysten people that saint Austyn had converted And he said to the bishops that he was a legate of Rome/ & primate of all England/ & that they should by all reason to him be obedient. And they said that they would not/ but to the archbishop of Car lion they would/ they would never for no manner thing be obedient to the englyssh men. For they said/ englishmen be our adversaries/ and have driven us out of our country/ & we been christian men and ever have been/ & the englishmen have ever been paynims/ save now of late that they be converted. Saint Austyn might of them have none other answer/ but said pertly that they would never meek them to him ne to the pope of Rome. Wherefore saint Austin returned again to king Adelbryght that was king of Kent & told him that his folk would not be to no man obedient/ but to the archbishop of Carlyon. When the king heard this/ he was sore annoyed/ & said that he would destroy them/ & sent to Elfryde king of Northumberlonde that was his friend/ that he should come to him with all the power that he might/ & he would meet him at leicester/ and fro thence they would go in to wales/ & there destroy the archbishop of Carlyon/ and all those that had refused saint Austyn.   

¶ How king Adelbryght & king Elfry the slew Brecynall that was a king of brytons that held the country of leicester.  
IT befell so that there was a king of brytons that held the country of leicester/ & all the country about/ his name was Brecynall. And this bryton herd tell that those two english kings would meet there at leicester for to go in to wales/ he let ordain all the power that he had for to go fight with these two kings/ but little it availed him/ for his folk were all slain/ & himself fled/ & lost his lands for evermore. And these two kings Adelbryght & Elfryde dwell led a while at leicester/ & departed the land among them/ and took homage & feaute of the folk of the country. And after they went toward wales. And they of wales heard tell of the discomfiture that Brecmal had at leicester/ & were won dear sore adread of those two kings/ & took & chose among them good men & ho lie/ of hermits/ monks & priests/ & of other people great plenty/ that went bare foot and wolwarde for to have mercy of those two kings. But the kings were so stern & so wicked that they would never speak with them/ but slew them all. Alas for sorrow/ for they ne spared them no more than the wolf doth the sheep/ but smote of their hedes everyone. And so they were all martyred y● to them came that is to understand .v. C. and xl And after they went fro thence to Bangore for to slay all those that they might find there of the brytons. And when the britons heard that/ they assembled & ordained all their power for to fight with them. Than was there a baron of wales which was called Bledrik of cornwall that sometime was lord of Deenshyre/ but king Adelbright had driven him out in to wales/ & after there he gave them battle/ & at the battle was king Adelbryght slain/ & Elfryde sore wounded/ & forsook the field/ & the most part of his people slain. And king Elfryd fled in to Northumberlond that was his own land And after the people of Leycestreshyre made with strength Cadewan that was Brecinals son king of leicester/ & he after reigned nobly/ & with great honour.   

¶ How Cadewan king of leicester & Elfryde king of Northumberlond were friends. And of the debate that after was between Edwin and Cadwalyn that were both their sons.  
AFter that this battle was done the britons assembled them and went thence & came to Leicestre/ & made there Cadewan that was Br●●ynals sone king of leicester & of all the country. And he took homage & feaute of all the folk of the country. And after that he assembled a great host/ and said he would go in to Northumberlonde to destroy king Elfryde & slec him if he might. And when he was comen thither/ friends went so between them that they accorded them in this manner. That Elfryde should hold all the land from Humber unto scotland and Cadewan should have all the land on this side Humber to the south. And after that they were good friends all their life/ & loved together as they had been brethren. And this Elfryde had a son called Edwin that held all y●●ond of North●berlonde after his faders death as his father had hold all his life tyme. And Cade won had another son called Cadwa●● that held his faders land as he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when he was alive/ & these loved as brethren/ & the love instead between them but only two year/ & after began debate between them through an evil envious cousin of Cadwalyns called Bryens'/ so that they assembled a great host on both parties. And at the last it befell that Cadwalyn was discomfited/ & Edwin pursued him and drove him from place to place/ so that at the lasthe fled in to Ireland. And Edwin destroyed his land/ & cast down castles & brent his manners/ & departed all God walyns land among his friends. And long time after came Cadwalyn again from ireland with a strong power/ & in plain battle slew Edwin and all his friends/ & namely them that withheld his lands by Edwyns gift.   

¶ How king oswald was slain by king Cadwalyn & Peanda. And how Oswy that was saint Oswaldes brother reigned after him/ & slew Peanda.  
When Edwin was slain Offris his son undertook the war against Cadwalin his uncle/ so that this Offris died during the war. And after the death of Offris reigned a gentle christian man that much lonved god almighty/ that had all the land of Northumberlonde by heritage that was called O●●ald & he was king of all the land. But for as much as he was friend to Edwin and held a great part of the land of Cadwalyn. This Cadwalyn warred upon him and drove him toward scotland. And when Cadwalyn saw that he would not abide/ he would no longer pursue him/ but took some of his folk to Peanda his brother in law/ & prayed him to pursue after Oswald till that he were taken or slain. And Cadwalyn returned home again. When Oswald herd y●●ydȳges that Cadwalin turned home again/ he would no longer flee/ but abode Peanda & gave him battle/ & Peanda was does comfyted & fled & came again to Cadwalyn/ & said that would never hold a foot of land of him/ but if so were that he would avenge him on Oswald. Cadwalyn let assemble a great host for to fight with Oswald/ so that he and Peanda came to Northumberlonde & gave battle unto Oswald/ & in the same battle was Oswald slain & his heed smyttenof/ & after he was buried in the abbey of Bardeney/ in which place god hath wrought for him many a fair miracle/ both there and else where. And anon Oswy his brother seized all the land in to his hands that was this Oswaldes. And the folk of Northumberland loved him won dear well/ & held him for their lord: But he had men of his kin worthy enough that would have departed the land & they warred long together. And for as much as they were not strong enough they came to Pcanda & prayed him of help & succour/ & pmysed him of the land largely upon this covenant/ that he would govern them & help & counsel. Peauda heard their prayer/ & so spoke with king Cadwalyn/ that he should ordain a great host/ & fast ordain him in to Northum berlonde for to fight with Oswy. And Oswy was a mekeman & moche loved peace & charity/ & prayed Peanda of love & peace/ & proffered him of gold & silver great plenty. And this Peanda was so proud that he would not grant him peace for no manner thing/ but for all thing he would fight with him. So at the last there was set a day of battle/ & Oswy ever had trust upon god/ & Peanda trusted to moche upon his pride and upon his host that he had/ and together they smote eagerly. But Peanda was anon discomfited & slain. And this was after the incarnation of our saviour ●esu Chryst. uj. C. and lu year. And this Oswy reigned xxviij year/ & a king that was called oswin that was Peandaes' cousin warred upon him/ and together they fought/ but Oswy had the victory of oswin/ & was discomfited and slain/ and lieth at Cynmouth.   

¶ How king Cadwaldre that was Cadwalins son reigned after his father/ and was the last king of Brytons.  
AFter the death of Cadwalin reigned his son Cadwaldre well & nobly/ & his mother was the sister of Peanda And when he had reigned twelve year he fell in to a great sickness/ & than was there a great discord between the lords of the land/ that each warred upon other. And yet in that time there fell so great dearth and scarcete of corn & other victuals in this land that a man might go three or four days fro town to town that he should not find to buy for gold ne silver breed wine/ ne none other victual/ wherewith a man might live. But only the people lived by roots of herbs/ for other living had they none/ so moche was it failed all about/ fishes/ wild beasts & all other thing/ so that yet to this misadventure there fell so great mortality & pestilence among the people by the corruption of the deed bodies. For they died so suddenly/ both great & small lord & servant in eating/ going & speaking/ they fell down & died/ so that never was herd of more sudden death among the people. For he that went for to bury the deed body/ with the same deed body was buried. And so they that might flee fled & forsook their lands & houses/ as well for the great hunger/ dearth/ & scarcete of corn & other victual/ as for the great mortality & pestilence in the land/ & went in to other lands for to save theyrlyves/ & left the land all desert & wasted/ so that there was no man for to travail & till the loud/ so that y● loud was ●a●ayne of corn & all other fruits for define of tilers/ & this misauenture duted xj year & more/ that no man might ere ne sow.   

¶ How Cadwaldre went out of this land in to little britain.  
CAdwaldre saw great hunger/ mortalite & pestilence/ & the land all poor/ & failing corns & other victuals/ & his folk perished/ & saw also the most party of his land all wasted & void of people/ he appareled him & his folk that were left alive/ & passed over in to little britain with a little navy unto king Aleyn that he much loved that was his cousin/ & that his father had much loved in his tyme. And as they sailed in the see he made moche lamentation/ & so did all those that were with him/ and said. Dedisti nos dite tanquam oves estarū et in gentibus dispersisti nos.  
¶ And than began Cadwaldre to complain him to his tolke piteously/ and said. Alas said he/ to us wretches and caitiffs is sorrow for our great sins of the which we would not amend us while we had space/ & now repentance is comen upon us through mysauenture which chaseth us out of our own realm & proper soil/ out of the which sometime romans/ Scots/ Saxons nor Danes might not exple us. But what availeth it now to us that before time divers times have gotten many other lands/ sith it is not the will of god that we abide & dwell in our own load God that is very judge that all things knoweth before they be done or made/ he seeth that we would not cese of our sins/ & that our enemies might not us nor our lineage exile fro and out of our realm/ he would that we amended us of our follies/ and that we should see our proper defaults/ & therefore hath showed to us wrath/ & will chastise us of our misdeeds/ sith that he doth us without battle or strength of our enemies by great companies wretchedly to leave our realm & proper land. Turn again ye romans/ turn again ye Scots/ turn again ye Saxons/ turn again ye frenchmen/ now showeth to you britain all desert/ the which your power might never make desert/ ne yet your power hath not put us now in exde/ but only the power of the king almighty whom we have oft offended by our follies/ the which we would not leave until he chastised us by his divine power Among the words & lament acyons that king Calwaldre made to his folk they arrived in little Gritayn & came to king Aleyn. And the king received him with great joy/ & made him to be served won dear nobly/ and there he dwelled long time after. The english people that were left alive & were escaped the great hunger & mortality lived in the best wife that they might: & moche people sprang and came of them. And they sent in to saxony where they were borne to their friends for men/ women/ and children to restore the cities with people and the towns that were all voyde of people/ & for to labour/ travail and till the e●th. When the Saxons had heard these tidings/ they came in to this land won dear thick in great companies/ & lodged themself in the country all about where that they would/ for they found no man to with stand them ne let. And so they waxed & multiplied greatly/ & used the customs of the country whereof they were comen/ and the laws & the language of their own land. And they changed the names of cities/ towns/ castles/ and boutghes/ and gave them names/ and called them as they now be called. And they held the countets/ the batonages/ and the lordships & countries in manner as the Brytons before rhyme had compassed them. And among other great companies that came from German in to this land came the noble queen that was called Sexburga with men & women without number/ & arrived in the country of Northumberlonde/ & took the land from Albion unto cornwall/ for her & for her folk. For there was none that might them let/ for all was desolate & void of people/ but it were a few poor Brytons that were left on mountains & woods vutyll that tyme. And fro that time forth lost the Britons this realm for all their days/ and the english people began to regne/ & departed the land between them/ and they made many kings about by divers parts of the land as here been devised. The first of Westsex/ the second Merchenrych/ the third Estangle/ the fourth kent/ & the fifth Southsex. All those reigned in this land after that Cadwaldre was passed out of this land & dwelled in little britain with king Aleyn his cousin and true friend. And when he had long dwelled there/ and had knowledge that the mortality & pestilence was overpassed/ & that the land was replenished with alien people/ he thought to come again in to this land/ & prayed king Aleyn his cousin of succour & help that he might be restored again to his own proper realm & first dignity. And king Aleyn granted him his asking. Than did he apparel him to take his way & viage in to this land. And prayed god almighty devoutly that he would make to him demonstration/ if his prayer in to this land were to him pleasant or not. For against the will of god almighty he would no thing do. When he had thus devoutly made his prayer/ a voice from heaven said to him and bad him leave that journey away in to England/ and that he should go to the pope of Rome/ for it was not the will of almighty god that the Brycons should regne any more in britain/ nor never recover the land unto the time that the pphecy that Merlin said before be fulfilled. And that should never be unto the time were comen that the relics of his body shall be brought fro Rome & translated in to britain. And when the relics of other saints that have been hid for the persecution of the paynim folk shall be found and openly showed/ than shall they recover their land again/ the which they have so long time lost through their deserving. When Cadwaldre had heard this answer/ he marveled/ & told it to king Aleyn. Thanking Aleyn sent for the clergy of his land/ and made them to bring the stories & prophecies that Merliu & Sybyll had said in their prophecies. And when he knew that the prophecy that Festom had prophesied of the Eagle and other prophecies accorded to the divine answer that Cadwaldre had herdehe counseled him & right faithfully desired him to leave his people & his navy and submit him to the disposition of god/ & do all that the angel had commanded him. Than Cadwaldre called ynor his son and ivory his cousin that was his sisters son/ & said to them. Take said he my folk & my navy that is here all ready/ and pass in to wales/ and be ye lords of Brytons that no dishonour come to them by interrupeyon of the paynims folk for default of lords. And than he himself left his realm of britain & his folk for evermore/ & took his way unto the pope of Rome Sergius/ the which worshipped him moche/ and so he was confessed/ & took penance for his sins. And he had not long dwelled there that he ne died the twelve kalend of may/ the year of grace. b. C lxxix   

¶ How king Osfa was sovereign above all the kings of England/ & how every king warred upon other.  
IT befell so that all the kings in that time that were in the land/ as they of Westsex/ Merchenrych/ Estangle/ of Kent/ and of Southsex/ and of other costs each warred upon other/ & he that was most mighty took the land of him that was most feeblest. But there was a king among them that was called Offa/ that was saint Oswaldes brother. This Offa conquered all the kings of the land/ and reigned above them all. And so great was the war in every country between kings that no man might wite how the land went. But abbots/ priors/ and men of religion wrote the lives & deeds of kings/ how long every of them reigned/ & in what country/ & in what manner every king died/ and of bishops also. And thereof made great books/ and let call them cro nycles. And the good king Alured had that book in his ward. And let bring it unto Wynchestre/ and let it be fast tached to a pillar that men should it not remove ne bear thence/ so that every man might see it & thereupon look. For therein been contained the lives of all the kings that ever were in England.   

¶ How the king of Northumberlonde Osbryght forlaye the wife of Buerne Bocard through strength/ & afterward this Buerne conquered the king with power and strength.  
ANd thus it befell in the same time that there was a king in Northun berlonde that was called Osbryght/ & sojourned at York/ & this king went upon a day in to a wood for to disport him. And when he came again/ he went privily in to a good man's house that was called Bucrne/ & the good man of that place was gone that time to the see. For oftentimes he went there to espy thieves & robbers that oftentimes were wont to come in to the land to rob/ bren/ & slay. The lady that was Buernes wife was a wonders fair woman And the king came unto her when her husband was absent. Ad so she trusted none harm unto the king/ and welcomed him with moche honour/ & worthily served him of all things. When the king had eaten/ he coke the lady by the hand and lad her in to a chambre and said that he would speak with her in counsel. And made all the folk vor de out of the chambre/ save only the lady and he. But the lady wist not wherefore he did it/ till that he had done all his will. And when he had done this deed/ he returned again to York/ & left the lady there sore weeping for the deed that the king had done to her. And when he lord was comen home & saw her weep & make such sorrow & mourning/ he asked of her what she had done/ & why she made such sorrow. Sir she said/ subtilely and falsely the king Osbryght hath done me shame & villainy against my will/ & told him the troth how the king had forlayne her with strength/ wherefore she said she had liefer be deed than live. Fair love be still said he/ for against strength feebleness is little worth/ & therefore of me shalt thou never the less be loved/ and namely for thou hast told me the troth. And yfalmyghty god grant me my life/ I shall well avenge the. This Buerne was a great man & a mighty lord/ & was well beloved/ & had great friends/ & let send for the greatest lords of the land/ & to them made his complaint of the despite that the king had done to him/ & said that he would be avenged how so ever it were. And all his friends counseled him that he should go to york where as the king was to defy him. And Buerne ●eke his meinie & came to the king. And when the king saw him/ he called him courteously by his name. And Buerne answered him/ & to him said. Sir I you defy/ & yield up fealties/ homages & lands/ & as moth as I have holden of you/ and from this time forward I will never of the no thing hold. And so he departed fro the king without more speech or any abiding/ and took leave of his friends and went in to Denmark/ & complained to the king Godryne/ & told him of the despite that king Osbryght had done to him of his wife/ & prayed him of succour and help for to avenge him. When king Godryne of Denmark & the Danes had heard the complaint of this Buerne/ and of the prayer that he bade/ they were wonders glad in their hearts/ for as much as they might find a cause for to go in to England for to war upon englishmen/ and also for to avenge Buerne of the despite that that king Osbryght had done to his wife. And for as much as Buerne was sib unto the king of Denmark/ they let ordain anon a great host of men/ and let ordain ships for them/ & as much as them needed to have to that voyage And when all the host was ready/ the king made his two brethren chief capitains/ that were noble knights of body and also bold/ that one was called Hunger/ and that other Hubba.   

¶ How the Danes took york/ and slew king Osbryght/ and soon after slew king Elle.  
ANd when all thing was ready the two brethren took leave of the king Godryne/ & went to ward the see for to pass over into england as fast as they might speed. Now is Buerne so well comforted/ & so fast hied him with the Danes/ that they be arrived in the north country/ & came through out Holdernes and destroyed all the country/ and brent towns/ & rob folk/ & slew all that might be taken till that they came unto york. And when king Osbryght saw them come/ he took all his people that he had with him & came out of the city & fought with them/ but no foison he ne had against them/ & moche of the people there were slain on both parties/ & king Osbryght himself there was slain/ & the cite anon was taken & the Danes went in. ¶ And there was also an other king in Northumberlond that Buernes friends had chosen/ and held him for king/ a man that was called Elle for as moche as they would not to king Osbryght be attendant/ for the despite that he had done to Buerne their cousin. It bef 〈…〉 thus the king Elle was gone to the wood for to disport him/ & of venysou some he had taken. And as he sat in the wood at meet he said to a knight. We have well sped & moche venison taken. And with the word came in a man & said to him. if ye so moche of venison have won/ an hundred times more ye have lost/ for all this country the Danes have gotten/ & taken the cite of york/ & against you shall it hold/ that never ye shall come therein/ and for so much they have slain king Os●right. When king Elle herd these words/ he let assemble all the folk of the country/ & ordained all the power that he might have/ and would have gotten the cite of york with strength. But the Danes came out anon & gave him a strong battle/ and slew king Elle and the most part of the people that he had brought with him. And the same place there they were slain shall evermore be called Elle croft/ and that place is a little from york. And than the Danes never rested till they had conquered all Northumbetlonde/ & in that country they made wardryns/ & went ferther in to the land & took Notyngham & there they abode all the wyuter/ doing all the sorrow that they might. And after when somet time came/ they reineved from Notyngham/ and came to Nicholl and Lyndefey/ & to Holland. For no man might them withstand/ so moche power and sttength they had.   

¶ How saint Edmund the king was martyred.  
ANd so far had the Danes passed from country to country/ and evermore brenning & robbing/ & destroyed all that they might till they came to Tetford/ & in that country they found a christian king that much loved god & his works/ that was called Edmund/ & he was king of Norfolk & South folk. This king saint Edmund ordained as much folk as he might/ and fought with the Danes/ but he & his folk were discomfited/ & the king himself was driven unto the castle of Framelyngham/ & the Danes pursued him & tame unto the same castle. And when king Edmund saw that the castle might not withstand them/ he came against them/ with whom the Danes first spoke/ and anon they asked of him where king Edmund was. Now forsooth said he/ when I was in the castle there was the king/ and when I went out of the castle/ he went out also/ & whether he shall escape or die/ at god's will must it be. When saint Edmund had named god/ by that they wist well that it was himself. And anon Hubba & Hungat took him and said that he should forsake god and all christian laws/ as many other had done before him. And saint Edmund said that he would not/ but ta there he would suffer death for god's love & his laws also. Than took they king Edmund & bound him to a tree/ & made their archers shoot at him with arrows till that his body sticked as full of arrows as an urchin full of pricks. But for all the pain that they did him/ he would never forsake god. And in the same tourment and pain he died/ and betook his soul to almighty god. And when they saw that he was deed/ they smote of his heed. And in this manner as ye have herd was saint Edmund martyred.   

¶ How▪ Hubba and Hungar took the towane of reading.  
When saint Edmund was marry red/ Hunger & Hubba departed thence with all their Danes to reading And as they went thither ward they destroyed & brent to w●●es and cyters & slew all christian people that would not forsake god/ and kest down churches & came to reading and took the cownr & there held them till that king Ed●lf of Westsex came thither with at his power for to take y● town. Than came out the Danes to give battle to king Edrif/ and at that battle was slain an ●●le of the Danes that was called Eidrak. Upon the morrow came king Eldred and his brother Alured with a strong power and a great host. And the King Edelf came again (that had fo 〈…〉 the day before) to that battle. And the Danes than came out for to fight with them/ & the battle was wonders st●●ge For many a man was there slain/ and the Danes that day had the victory/ & the king Eldred & his brother Alured the day were discomfited. But the fourth day after the Danes & the Englyshmen fought together an other time upon Ekeldene/ & there was slain a king of Deu mark that was called Ra●ing/ & four earls of great power. And that day the Danes had shame/ for they were driven to Engilfelde. And the xu day after the Danes & the Englyshmen fought together at Rafing/ & there were the English men discomfited. And from thence a Dane that was called Roynt went to reading with his host/ & destroyed all that he might take. And king Eldred fought with him/ but he was so wounded that he died. And he reigned but .v. year/ and lieth at Womburne.   

¶ Circa annum dni. iiij. C xlix  
Lo the first was emperor after Marcianus xvij year. In his time were the Rogation days ordained afore the ascension of saint Mamert bishop of Vienne. The pope of Rome at the time height Leo a noble clerk/ & with him had many clerks. ¶ Hilarius was pope after Leo vij year. This man ordained that no bishop should ordain his successory. Vt pꝪ. eight ●x. 〈◊〉. ¶ Simplicius was pope after him. He ordained that no clerk should take no garment to be clothed in/ after the sect or manner of a lay man/ through the reason of his office or of his benefice. ¶ zeno was emperor after Leo xu year/ & this man was an heretic & cruel against christian men. And in this man's days the bodies of saint Matthew the evangelist/ & saint Bar nabe the apostle were found/ & with them the gospel that saint Mathewe wrote. About this time there was a certain common woman bart vij children at one birth/ of the which one was after made king of Lombardy. ¶ Felix the third was pope after Simplicius three year & viij. months. This man ordained the respite should be given to a man that was accused/ that he might advise him how he should answer. And that the judges & the accusers should be such/ & that they should take all suspection & spot. ¶ Gelasius a roman was pope after Felix .v. year This man ordained the canon of the mass with the preface/ ympnes/ tracts/ oreysons as saint Ambrose made them/ & that ordres should be given four times in the year ¶ Anastasius was emperor after zeno xxvij. year/ & he was a curfed man & an heretic/ & hateful to god & man/ & he was slain with lightening. And in his time died saint Patryk the first bishop of ireland/ in the. C. and xxij year of his age/ & his fellow was the abbot of Columba & saint Brigida/ whom saint Patryk made a nun/ & they were butyed in one tomb/ & at divers times/ And this is their epitaph. Hij tres in gelido/ tumulo tumulant in uno/ Brigida/ Patricius/ atque Columba pius. ¶ Anastasius a roman was pope after Gelasius two year & three months. He ordained that no priest for wrath ne hate should leave of to say his divine service in the church/ except the mass/ & he cursed the emperor Anastasius/ for he was an heretic. And it is written of him/ that afterward he turned for dread to the opinion of the emperor. And he is called the second ill famed pope that is in Catholico pontificum. And afore him was Liberius famed in heresy.   

¶ Anno domini. iiij. C. ixxxxiiij.  
SImachus was pope after him xu year/ & with him was ordained an other pope that was called Laurencius/ & between them was a great dissension/ & they both put them to the judgement of Theoboria the king. And he judged that he that was first ordained/ & that most men of the church held with/ should be pope. And Simachus prevails/ the which loved the clergy & poor men/ & for Pascalius the deacon cardinal held against Simachus with the part of Lau rinse to his death/ therefore he was put to the pains of purgatory to keep the baths after his death/ as Gregory saith in his book of Dialogues. This man ordained that Gs●a mexcelsis should be said every sunday and feestes of martyrs.   

¶ Nota That England was long time christian France.  
Clodovius the first christen king of France was this time baptized of saint Remigio/ & he had a christian woman to his wife/ & she moved him many times to the faith/ & said he should be fortunable if he would turn/ & so he was/ & never afore. ¶ Hornusoa was pope after Simachus ix year. This man was of great mercy & great alms unto poor-men/ & he gave many ornaments to churches. And he reconciled the greeks that were cursed for their heresy. ¶ justinus was emperor after Anastasius ix year/ & was a very christen man. And all that ever the emperor Anastasius had done against the church/ he revoked/ & obeyed the pope Hornusoa/ and calle● again the bishops that were exiled by his predecessors. ¶ Priscianus grammatieus was this tyme. And this year the which is the lxxi fro the coming of the saxons/ began the kingdom of westsaxon and Cerdico was king. ¶ johannes was pope after Hornusoa three year and ix. months. And Theodoricus the king of italy an heretic took the pope with other senators/ & sent them to the emperor justinian/ determining that and he would not let the heretics be in peace/ he should 〈◊〉 all the christian folk in italy. And after he ●oke pope john & Simachun/ Patricisi/ and Boicium the senators/ & slew them in prison. But Bois defended him by the reason of the aurtorite of the senators/ & he sent him to the cite of Papy for perpetual exile/ where he made the book De ●solatione philosophy. And at the last in the country of Mediolanensis he caused Bois throat to becutte/ and so he died. ¶ Felix pope succeeded john four year. This man commanded that seek men should be an●led afore their death/ but Chryst ordained it first. ¶ justinianus was Emperor xxxviij. year. This man drew the law of the romans/ or of civil/ out of almost two M. books/ and ccc M. verses over long & ill according in to one volume of twelve books/ & called it justinian. He made also the digests/ and divided them in to three books. ¶ Bonifacius the second was pope after Felix two year. And little of him is written. ¶ johannes the second was pope after Bonifacius And this man had a great strife with justinian the emperor/ whether that Chryst was of two natures or one. The pope said he had two natures/ one of god/ an other of man. The emperor said/ either consent to us/ or y● shalt go to perpetual exile. The pope answered. I desired to come to justinian the most christian emperor/ but as me seemeth I have found dioclesian the pursewer of christian men but certainly I dread not thy malice/ ne I ●ere not thy threatenings. Than the empetour meked himself & fell down to the ground/ & asked mercy & absolution.   

¶ Anno d●i .v. C. xxxiiij.  
AGapitus a confessor was pope after john two year. This Agapitus turned justinian sully from the error of the Euticetes. This man ordained that processions should be done on sundays/ & than he died at Constan tynople. ¶ Silverius a martyr was pope after this man three year. He was exiled fro christian faith/ & slain by the proctor of Theodory/ for he would not restore the bishop of Athenes an heretic to his benefice again. ¶ Virgilius was pope after him xvij year. And he entered ill in to his benefice/ but he governed him well/ & he suffered his pierce cucyon patiently/ and he was exiled fro Rome. And at the last after great passions of Theodora in Constantynople died. ¶ Sinodus quarta Constantinopolitana contra Theodorum et oens hereticos alios fuit isto tempore. Ista sinodus dampnavit heresim Theodori. qui dixit alium esse deum verum. et alium Christum. Et quam beata virgo non sit dei genitrix. sed hominis tantum. ¶ Pelagius was pope after Virgilius four year and ten months. This man ordained that heretics/ schismatics & renegates should be punished by the secular power. ¶ johannes the third was pope after this man xiij year. Of this man little is written/ but that he restored the chircheyerde of the apostles Philip & jacob. ¶ justinus the second after justinian was Emperor xj year. This man despised poor men/ he rob the senators/ he was given to all covetousness/ so that he made chests of iron for to keep his money in. Than anon he fell in to heresy/ & waxed out of his mind. And than was chosen Tiberius a good man for to govern the common people. ¶ Tiberius the second was emperor after justinus vij year. This man was a virtuous man. He gave innumerable good to poor men/ in so much that his wife often chid with him/ & said that he kest away the goods of the empire as stones. And he answered again & said. I trust in god that our chests shall never lack of money/ & we put treasure in to heaven. And upon a certain day when he went by his palace at Constantynople/ he saw in the marble pavement a cross graven/ & thought it should not be trodden upon/ & commanded to take it up. For the cross ought to be put in the hearts of faithful men/ & there he found inestimable treasure of gold. This man subdued Harsas/ and died blissedly. ¶ Benedictus was pope after john four year. This man suffered great persecution of hunger/ pestilence and enemies. This man brought many a thousand quarters of where from Egypte/ when Rome was besieged by king Albanak/ & almost lost for victual wherefore they wrote on his grave this epytaphe. Magnatuis monumenta pater benedict reliquis: virtutum titulus et de●us atque dolour. ¶ Pelagius was pope after Benedictus .v. year. In his time Rome was besieged by the loinbardes/ & little he did in his days. ¶ Mauricius was emperor after Tyberius xxj year. This was a very christian man/ & subdued Persas & Armenia's/ & in the latter end of his days he discorded with saint Gregory/ & intended to have slain him. And than there appeared a man in Rome clothed in a religious habit holding a naked sword in his hand/ & cried about the cite in this wise. The emperor shall be destroyed/ the which the emperor heard/ & he correcked himself of his trespass/ & prayed to god to withdraw his sentence from him. To whom our lord appeared in his sleep & said. wilt thou that I spare the now/ or in time to come. And he was alover of wretches & said. give me here my reward. Than he was emperor after many a day. And when he should have corrected his knighttes for their extortion that they did/ they asked him why that he would not pay them their wages. And so they fell at variance/ & chose Foca for to be emperor/ & slew him & his three sons. ¶ This time saint Austin came in to England and ordained two archbishops/ that is to say/ of London/ & of york/ by the commandment of saint Gregory. And remember that many times is made mention of divers regions & countries/ that often times they have been turned to the faith. For alway the faith abode not in them for divers causes. So it is of England France/ Persia/ jewry/ & in this thing Rome was privileged/ for there the faith of Peter never failed. ¶ Focas was emperor after Maurici his master/ whom he & other slew/ & because he began ill/ he ended nought. For in his days the romans fought strongly against the Perses/ & the romans were discomfyted & lost many a province/ & at the last he was slain of Heraclius. For as he did to other men/ so was he done to.   

¶ Anno domini .v. C. lxxxiiij.  
GRegory the first a roman and a monk was pope after Pelagius xiij. year. This man was called Gregorius magnus for many things that he exceeded in. he passed other men in power in riches/ in virtue/ in nobleness/ in wisdom/ in holiness/ in fame & in experience And under this man the ill things of cursedness passed & seced/ & many a noble book he wrote to the incomparable perfect of all holy church. He was one of the principal doctors of all the four doctors of the church. This man forsooth alone with sayiit Fabian after saint Peter was chosen of god in all the orders of the pope's of Rome/ many things he ordained in the church/ as is showed in his register. Deus in abiutorium. for to be afore the beginning of the hours he commanded to be said. He renewed & made all the offices of the church in a fairer & a more compendyous manner/ the which abideth yet unto this day/ & it is called Gregorianum. And shortly to conclude on this holy man/ mannes tongue can not express lightly the lovings of this man/ what in writings & also in examples of virtuous deeds. ¶ Saumianus was pope after Gregory one year & .v. months. This man ordained the ringing of bells at the hours of the day. But this man backbyted saint Gregory for his liberality that he had to poor men/ & thought he saw saint Gregory rebuke him thrice for it/ & the fourth time he lay in his bed & thought saint Gregory smote him on the heed/ and he waked & died anon. This was the third pope among all the pope's the which is noted to die a dreadful death. ¶ Bonifacius the third was pope after Savimanus eight months He ordained that none but white clothes should be put on the altar. ¶ Bonifacius the fourth was pope four year and eight months. This man purchased of the emperor Foca that the church of saint Peter of Rome should be the heed of all the churches in the world. For afore Constantinople was the heed church. Also he ga●e licence that the church called Panton the which was dedicate to the honour of Neptunus & other false gods/ where christian men many times were slain of devils/ might be dedicate to the worship of all saints in heaven. This man ordained the monks might use the office of preaching/ chrystening & confession. ¶ Heraclius was emperor after Foca xiij. year. And in the third year of his regne/ Co●●ras the king of Perses brent jerusalem and other worshipful places. ●achary the patriarch with moche other people he took & put in captyvice. The part of the holy cross the which Cleyn left there he took with him in to his country. But the twelve year of Herachus Cosoras was slain of Heraclius/ & the cross was brought again/ & the people were delivered. And when Heraclius would have entered the cite proudly/ the gates of the cite by the power of god shut by themself/ & the emperor meked him to god above/ & the gates opened. And than was the feast of the exaltation of the cross made. ¶ Deus dedit was pope after Boniface three year. This was an holy man For on a certain day when he kissed a leper/ anon the leper was hole. ¶ This time a citizen of London through the motion of Ethelbryght builded a church of saint Peter in the west part of London/ in a place that was called Thorney.   

¶ Circa annum dni. uj. C xliiij  
BOnifacius the fifth was pope after Deus dedit five year/ the which ordained that no man should be taken out of the churchyard. And little else of him is written.   

¶ Nota Machomitum.  
MAchomyte the duke of saracens and turks was this tyme. And he was the deceiver of all the world/ a false prophet/ the messenger of the devil/ the foregoer of antichrist/ the fulfiller of heresy/ and of all false men the meruaylest/ of whom the domination thus began. ¶ There was a certain famous clerk at Rome and could not speed in his matters that he desired to have sped in/ than he receded from Rome over the see/ and procured many a man to go with him/ among whom was this false Machomyte a great man of wit. And this clerk promised him to make him duke of his country/ if he would be guided after him. There he nourished a dove/ & put all the corn that the dove eat in to Machomytes ere/ & so this dove had never no meet but in his ere. The foresaid clerk on a day called the people & moved them to choose such a prince as the holy ghost would show to them in form of a dove. And anon this clerk secretly let this dove flee/ the which after his old custom came to Machomyte/ & put his bill in his ear. And when the people saw this/ anon he was chosen duke of that people. And when he was made duke of this people of Corosame/ he said that he was the very prophet of god. Than he made a book of his law that was called Koran. But he did it by the information of three of his masters/ to whom the devil ministered the authority & the cunning. The first master was a jew a great astronomer & a necromancer/ the second was john de Antiochia/ the third was Sergius an heretic. And these three made an ungracious law & an unhappy/ & what somever was hard of believe & tedious to do/ they left y● out of the law/ & they put that thing in their law the worldly men were prone & ready to do/ that is to say/ gluttony/ lechery/ rapine/ & such other. And also this Machomyte ordained that a man should have as many wives as he might occupy & find/ and refuse them twice or thrice or four times/ & take them again. And many marvelous & false things he made in his law/ the which were to long to rehearse here/ but they be plain in his book of Koran/ & ever he wrote i his book that our lord spoke to Machomyte his prophet/ saying on this wise or on this. Thus by his false means he deceived the people. And when his masters & he had made this that was so delectable/ he wrote it in a book with letters of gold/ & nourished a camel secretly in a privy place/ & all only with the hands of Machomyte was always fed And there privily he tied this book of the law that he had made about the camels neck/ & put this camel forth on a time in to a field a fore day/ and this camel joyed in his liberty/ for he was never lose afore. And he would suffer no man to come & touch him. And so there was a great fame of such a camel/ and all the people ran to see him/ among whom was this Machomyte. But when the camel saw him that always had fed him/ anon he ran unto him. And he had taught this camel afore time to fall down on his knees & lick his hands And so he did afore all the people. The people than cried & said/ that there was a very ensample that he was the true prophet of god. Than they prayed Machomyte to open the holy book with his holy hands/ the which was sent from heaven evermore to be kept. In the which book is showed how the people shall worship god. And Machomyte said. This book was written with angels hands. So by these false means he turned to his law all the land of pierce/ & all the east imperial against Heraclius the emperor. And he occupied unto the end of Alexandre and Egypte/ Libya/ Arabia/ & Syria. Than after he enfected all Africa/ & but that the grace of god with stood him he had enfected all spain & france And many other things he did/ that were to much to write in this book.  
constantine the third/ the son of Heracli● was emperor xxvij year. This Constantyne was a cursed man/ a great tyrant/ and an heretic false/ subtle & obyous to christian men/ nor he gave no place to pope Martin/ & he raised a great host against the Lombarbes/ & there he lost the field & fled to Rome. And honourably was received of the pope Vitellianus/ and other of the cite. And he rewarded them not like after their merits as a prince should have done/ but used forth tyranny & heresy/ wherefore at the last he was slain of his own knights in a bath/ the which would no longer suffer his tyranny. And so he wretchedly lived/ & died unhappily. ¶ Martinus the first was pope after Theodorum uj year. This Martinus was a very holy man/ and strongly strove for the faith of god. And when he said mass on a certain day at the altar/ there pursued him to slay him a man which was called Spa●arius of Olymphe/ and when he would have ●nytten him he was blind suddenly. This same man called a Sinody in the cite of Rome/ and he dampened Syrum/ Alexandrun/ Sergium/ Pyrum/ & Paulum heretics. Wherefore Constantyne the emperor exiled him/ & he died a saint ¶ Eugenius a roman was pope after Martin almost three year/ and was an holy man/ but of him little acts been written. ¶ Vitellianus was pope after him xiiij year. This man made the song that the romans useth/ and accorded it also with the organs. And he also had the grace of the emperor/ the which was wroth with his predecessors/ nevertheless afterward he stood not in his concord. Ne hitherto I could not find that ever the church of Rome had fully after the death of Constantyne the mighty/ the lordship of the city and of other the which he gave to the church.   

¶ Anno dni. uj. C. x●●iij.  
Adeodatus a Roman was pope after Vi 〈…〉 s four year/ and in his days was translated the body of saint Benedicti with the body of saint Scolastice his sister fro the hill of cally● to the monastery of 〈◊〉 nigh 〈…〉 relyan. ¶ Constaneyneth fourth was emperor after his father Constantyne the cursed man. This Constantyne was a good man/ & he hated heretics above all thing/ the church he repaired/ and grace he reconciled again to the church of Rome/ & he with the pope gathered together the sixth general sinody/ in the which was granted to priests of Grece to use their leeful wives/ & to the priests of the east/ for cause of great heat/ but not to those of the west party by no means for they amitted chastity in the time of saint Gregory. And every man may advertise & ponder how much the goodness of a prince is worth to the quiet state of the church/ & to the promotion of the faith. And also the contrary/ how much the malice of a prince hurteth/ the thing these two Constantine'S the father & the son showed openly. For in the faders days the church never had rest/ & in the sons time it was quiet. Yet nevertheless our lord suffered the saracens & the vulgars to enter in this emperors land/ that he might not withstand them but that he made his peace with them/ and paid yearly to them a truage/ so mightily prevailed that cursed sect of Machomyte/ & after he died blessedly. ¶ Nota. that there were two general synodyes & most principal/ of the which the authority is equal to the gospel for the truth of the gospel is declared by them/ against the six principal heresies/ the which strongly troubled the church/ for the subtlety of those heretics to deceive simple men. ¶ About this time died saint Cedde of Lychfel 〈…〉 the third year of his bishopric. ¶ Demus a roman was pope after Adeodatus three year/ of this man little is written. ¶ Bonifacius was pope after him/ & little of him is written/ but ●hat he lived like a priest. ¶ Agatho ●as pope after him/ & he was a very holy man. For on a day when he kissed a leper/ the leper a none was made hole. Iste et de consensu principis jussit celebrari sextam synodum apud Constantinopolin CC lxxx ●p̄orū/ in qua assere● duas naturas et duas voluntates esse in Christo. ¶ Leo the second was pope after Agatho three year. This Leo was an holy man & sufficiently taught in latin & greek. This man ordained that the pax should be given after Agnus dei/ and died a blessed man. ¶ Benedictus the second was pope after Leo almost three year. This man about all things was virtuous: & his name accorded with his deeds And in his time was a great pestilence. ¶ justinianus the second was emperor this time/ & he was a very good man/ a prudent & a large/ & he increased the empire of Rome mightily/ but he charged the office of the church overmuch Many laws he made/ & afterward he waxed not good/ for he intended to have letted the decrees of the vj. sinody/ wherefore the ten year of his empire he was taken of Leo the prince of Patricio & Tiberio/ & they cut of his nose & his tongue & exiled him to Crisonan. Than was a great turbation in the church for strife & heretics. And know all men when variance falleth between great lords/ than errors been multiplied: for there is no man correcteth them/ therefore that is oft time proved in the church. Than after fell a variance between Leo & Tiberio/ & Tiberio prevailed/ & he exiled Leo/ & cut of his nose the third year of his regne: & reigned for him justinian fled to the saracens & the bulgars/ the which restored him again to his empire/ & slew Leo & Tiberio/ the which favoured heretics. Than this same justinyan reform himself to the church of god/ & had great repentance/ but he venged him to cruelly on his adversaries/ so that he would have slain their Innocent children. Therefore he was slain with his son/ of Phylyp whom he exiled.   

¶ Anno dni. uj. C lxxxiiij  
Johannes the fifth was pope after Benedictus one year. He was a good man/ but he deceased anon. ¶ zeno was pope after him/ & he was a very holy man/ for he would not meddle with secular matters/ & in beauty he was as an angel/ quiet in virtues/ & meek in soul/ & very demure in language of his religious life. This man was chosen at the last with one accord of the church and lay men/ but there was a great distinction/ for the clergy intended to have chosen Pyers the archbishop/ and the host of lay men would have had Theodorum a priest. But at the last the holy ghost turned the will of all this people unto this holy man. ¶ Sergius was pope ix year. This man was virtuous & commendable in his life/ & in his election was a great discord/ for one party of the clergy chose Theodorum/ & an other party Pascalem. But as our lord would at the last they turned all to this man. This man translated the body of saint Leo. He also found a great part of the holy cross by miracle. And he baptized Cadwalidus the last king of britain. He commanded Agnus dei to be said or song thrice at mass/ & decessed blessedly. ¶ Nota. ¶ Saint Bede the worshipful priest was this time a man of great fame in England/ the which was taken the vij year of his age to Benedict the abbot of Gyrwyensis monastery to be taught/ & than after to Colfrido the abbot after the death of Benedict. And at xix year of his age he was made deken of the bishop of York. And at xxx year he was made priest/ in the which year he began to write. So he continued all the time of his life in that monastery/ in giving his labours to writing/ & for scripture to be exponed he made lxxviij books the which he numbereth in the end of his english book. This man was ever in labour/ either in prayer or in singing daily in the church/ or to learn/ or to ●●che or to write. For the which thing men may judge by reason that he was never at Rome/ all though some say he went to Rome/ that he might see that his books accorded with the doctrine of the church. But it was certain that he was blind/ & went to preach/ & had a servant that was not good/ & made him to preach to a great multitude of stones/ and said that they were men/ & when all his sermon was done/ the stones answered & said amen. But that he went to Rome thrice/ & found written three arres & three effes & exponed them/ it was never found in no book of authority. There was after the talking of the people such a writing on the gates of Rome RRR. FFF. And such an exposition. Regna Rome Ru 〈…〉. Ferro Flamma et Fame. But it is certain that Bede was desired to come to Rome by the writing of Sergius the pope unto Colfrido his abbot. And this Bede translated the gospel of saint john in to english tongue/ & decessed blessedly. The fame saith that now he lieth at Develyn with saint Cuthberto/ & there is buried with him the knowledge of the deeds of England almost to the conquest. ¶ Leo the second was emperor and little of him is written. ¶ Liberius was emperor after him. vi●. year/ the which arose against Leo & entered his kingdom/ & kept him in prison as long as he reigned. In his time justinian the second the which in old time was exiled to Crisonan/ openly said he would recover his empire again. Wherefore the people of that country for the love of Liberius were about to slay that justinian/ wherefore he fled to the prince of Turcorum/ & wedded his sister/ & through the help of his brother & the Bulgars he recovered his empire/ & slew Liberius & Leo the usurper of his realm. And as many times almost as he wiped any drop from his nose the which they kit of/ so many times he made one of his enemies to be slain. ¶ Leo the third was pope after Sergius two year. This man was made pope by the power of the romans/ & was not put in the number of pope's/ for he ill entered/ but he did none ill. ¶ johannes the sixth a Greek was pope after him. And he was a martyr/ but of whom & wherefore the cause is not found in histories. It is said that it was of the dukes of Lombardy/ for they were enemies to the church mightily. ¶ johannes the vij a roman was pope after him three year/ but no thing of him is written. ¶ justinianus the second was emperor again with his son Tiberius uj year. And this was he which was reaved of the empire afore by Leo And when this man was restored again he took him to the right faith/ & worshipped the pope Constantyn/ & certainly he destroyed Creson the place where he was exiled to/ & all that dwelled in it (except children) he slew them. And he came again an other time to have slain the Innocentes/ & the men of country made them a captain a certain man that was called Philip an outlaw/ the which anon went to him in battle and slew him for his cruelness against those children. ¶ Sysinnius was pope xx. days/ & than was great strife/ and he decessed/ but little of him is written. ¶ Constantyn was pope after him. seven year. This man was a very meek man & so blessed/ that of all men he was beloved. He went over the see to justinian the emperor/ & was received with great honour/ & died a blessed man. ¶ Philip the second was emperor one year/ the which fled in to Scisilia for the host of the romans. And he was an heretic/ & commanded all pictures of saints to be destroyed. Wherefore the romans kest away his coin/ nor would not receive no money that had his image or his name written upon it. ¶ Anastasius the second after he had slain Philip was emperor three year. This man was a christian man/ & lived well. But because he put out Philip's eyen & slew him afterward/ therefore Theodosius fought against him and overcame him/ and than he was made a priest/ & so lived quietly.   

¶ Anno domini. seven. C xiiij  
O Regorius the second was pope after Constantyn xvij year. This Gregory was a chaste man/ and a noble man in scripture. And about this time the pope's begins to deal more temporally with the emperors than they were wont for their falseness & their heresy/ and also for to remove the empire fro one place to an other as the time required. This man cursed Leo the emperor because he brent the images of saints. This same Leo commanded Gregory the pope that he should burn churches & destroy them. And the pope set no thing of his saying/ but manly commanded the contrary. And so it is openly showed/ that the destruction of the empire of Rome was the cause of heresy. For certainly faithful people with their prelate's with one will drew unto the pope/ and constrained the emperors for to leave their tyranny and their heresies. ¶ And this time in the east parties of the world strongly failed the very true faith/ for that cursed law of false Machomyte. ¶ Theodostus was emperor/ & reigned but one year/ & he was a very christian man/ & even as he did/ so was he done unto. For Leo deposed him & made him a priest. ¶ Leo the third with Constantyn his son was emperor xxv year. This Leo when he was mighty he deposed Theodosius/ & reigned for him/ & was deceived by a certain apostata/ the which bade him that he should take & burn all the images of saints/ wherefore he was punished both in battle and in pestilence/ & with other infortunes. And because he was accursed of Gregory/ & abode therein three days/ therefore the pope with the common people took from him all the west part of his empire/ commanding that no man should obey him/ ne succour him/ because he lived like an heretic. Holy men said against him/ and many by him were martyred & exiled. And at the last in his misbelieve he died wretchedly. And in this man's days but that Karolus Marcellus holp the christian faith and fought manly against the sarazens/ & drove them backward in to Spain the which they had subdued/ else they had entered in to france And Karolus slew three hundred thousand saracens & more/ & of his people were slain but xu thousand. ¶ Nota This man for the continual battle took to lay men the treasure of the church/ wherefore saint Euchery the bishop of Aurilian as he was in his prayers saw that same Karolus in soul & body pained in hell. And the angel that showed the bishop this man/ said that that was the judgement of all those that took away the goods of the church/ or of poor men. And to fortify that the the bishop said & to prove it/ the abbot of saint Denys went to the sepulture where that Karolus was buried/ & opened the chest that he lay in/ and there they saw a dragon go out/ but he had no body. ¶ Gregory the third a Roman was pope after Gregory the second/ the which confirmed the worshipping of the images of saints/ with the counsel almost of a thousand bishops. And he horribly cursed all the despisers of these images as the emperor and other that were of that condition. ¶ Constantinus the fifth was emperor after his father Leo. xxxv year. He was a cursed man and a pure heretic/ so that he did sacrifice to devils/ he pursued the church/ & noth 〈…〉 ge that is good of him is written. And so by the sufferance of god the church was troubled long tyme. ¶ About this time were many marvels/ and there were marvelous earth quakes. And certain cities that were set upon mountains/ they were removed & borne away with the hills into the fields. v●. mile thence as they stood/ and the cities were not broken nor hurt. In the land of Mesopotanyan the earth was broken by the space of two mile. And also there was a mule which spoke in a man's voice. Ashes fell from heaven. And in the see of Pontico there was ice for great frost that was xxx cubytes of thickness. And stars fell from heaven so mightily that men trowed that the end of the world had been comen. All these betokened marvelous things to come.   

¶ Anno domini. seven. C xliiij  
AFter Gregori zacharias was pope ten year. This zachary was a noble man/ & arrayed with all virtues/ with all men he was loved for his meekness. And he deposed the king of France Hydery/ & put in his place Pippinum/ for he was more profitable. Here ye may see what power the church had that time the which translated that famous kingdom from the very heirs to the kingdom of Pippyn/ for a leeful cause. Vt habetur. xv. q .v. alius. ¶ Stephanus the second a roman was pope after zachary .v. year. This man in all thing was profitable unto the church/ as well in word as in doctrine. And he governed the spiritualty & the temporalty nobly. He was the lover & the defender of poor men. This man anointed Pippinum the king of France/ & sent him against the lombards/ that he should compel them to restore the church of such goods as they had withholden from them long time unryghtwysly/ the which he did He also translated the empire of the Greeks to the french men. ¶ Paulus a roman was pope after him ten year. This was a very holy man/ for he did great alms to fatherless children & prisoners/ widows and other poor men/ that he might be a follower of saint Paul. ¶ Constantyn the second a roman was pope after Paul two year. This Constantyn was a lay man/ & suddenly was made a priest as a tyrant/ & took on him the dignity of the pope/ and with a great slander to the church was pope a little tyme. But the faithful men put him out/ & put out his eyen. And this was the fifth infamed pope among so many hitherto/ so the holy ghost that holy apostles seat kept in all honour and holiness. ¶ infinite martyrs were made this time by Constantyn the emperor for he was such an heretic. And men trow that there was never emperor nor no paynim that sleme so many martyrs. And this time the church was troubled full sore/ & very preciously bought the worshipping of the images of saints/ for the great shedding of blood of martyrs. And certainly that cursed emperor was not unpunished. For when he died he cried with an horrible voice & said. I am taken to a fire that is unable to be destroyed/ and so he yielded up the ghost to everlasting pain. ¶ The empire of Rome was divided about this tyme. For Stephen the pope translated italy & other to Karolus yet a young man. And Constantyn held the land of Grece with other lands over the see with a great labour/ and many rebelling. ¶ This time Karolus magnus was a noble young man/ & he begun for to regne upon France/ & was the son of Pippinus/ and his mother was called Berta. ¶ Stephanus the third was pope after Paulus three year/ & he amended all the errors of Constantyne. And he degraded all those the which Constantyn ordained in a governal sinody.   

¶ Anno domini. seven. C lxxxiiij  
ADrianus a roman was pope after Steven xxiiij year. This man was mightily worshipped of the people/ no man greater afore him in honour/ richesse & building. This man set two solemn synodyes. The first of iij. C. and l. faders. The second in Rome with an hundred & thirty faders/ being present Charles the king of France/ to whom it was granted the liberty of election of the pope/ and to ordain the apostles see't. ¶ Leo the fourth reigned emperor with the Greeks .v. year. This Leo was a cursed man/ but not so much as his father was/ & he was a covetous man/ & he took away a certain crown of a church/ and put it upon his heed/ & anon he was corrupted with an axes & so decessed. And he had a cursed wife the which reigned after him with her son. ¶ Constantyn was emperor after Leo/ & he was a meek man/ and put away his mother fro the kingdom/ that she might take heed unto her women's work. But she with a feigned rancour put out his eyen afterward/ & his children also/ and reigned again three year. And at the last she was about to have been wedded. And when the Greeks perceived that she would be wedded to great Karolus/ they took her & shut her up in a monastery/ & took Nichoferun to be their emperor. ¶ The .v. universal study the which in old time was translated from Athenes to Rome about this time was translated to Paris by Karolus king of France. ¶ Nichoferus was emperor after Constantyn. He was a very nygon/ & was exalted to his empire by the Greeks/ but he profited not/ for in his time all the east Imperial was brought to nought. For the romans put them under Karolus magnus. ¶ Jerusalem about this time was recovered by Karolus/ with all the holy land. And the sect of saracens was destroyed strongly. For the destruction of wretches came than. ¶ Mychaell was emperor two year. And he was a very chryst● man/ & was well beloved/ & was also cunning in all sciences. And those that Nichoferus had hurt & distressed of their goods by his covetousness/ this Michael restored them their goods again. ¶ Nota. Karolus magnus the first saint was emperor after Michael/ & he was crowned emperor by Leo the pope. From the which time the empire was translated fro the Greeks to France & Germany. And for the translation of the empire/ the Greeks always were defective unto the romans & the Greeks strove evermore with them/ but it was more with venomous words than with strength/ & more with craft than with battle. For they had so great envy at the romans that they would not obey the church of Rome. For certainly when that the pope's would write unto them for to obey the church of Rome/ they wrote again and said. Ye have taken from our kindred the empire/ & therefore we will you not obey/ and we us take from you And as touching this noble emperor Karolus/ it is to be understand/ this man when he was a young man he was anointed king in France by Stephen the pope/ in the year of our lord jesus Chryst. seven. C. and liiij when his tader Pippinus lived/ under whom/ & with whom he reigned xu year/ to the death of his father. Than after the death of his father in the year of our lord god. seven. C lxviij this Karolus with his brother Karolo manna reigned two year. Than his brother decessed in the second year. And this Karolus than held all the hole k●ng doom xiiij year/ to the year of our lord seven. hundred lxxxiiii in the which year he went unto Rome that he might be crowned emperor of the pope Adryan. And there he reigned emperor. rvi. year/ to the year of our lord god viii C. when pope Leo confirmed him again to be emperor. And after that he was emperor xiiij year. And this Karolus magnus decessed in the year of his age lxxij. the which was the year of our lord god eight hundred and. riiii. ¶ If 〈◊〉 will see more of this Karolus go to the book of the bishop Turpinus and 〈◊〉 braminus his master/ for they wrote his noble acts everichone. ¶ ●●o the fourth was pope after Adrian. 〈◊〉. year. This man when he went on a cet●ayn day with the Litany to saint Peter's church on saint Marks day/ he was taken with cursed people/ the which put out both his eyen/ and his tongue was cut of. But our lord marvelously restored him again his sight & his speech/ so that he spoke without tongue and saw by miracle. And afterward he went to Karolus in to France. And he came with him to Rome/ and there venged the pope of his enemies. And than he crowned Karolus/ and he late afore crowned/ confirmed him again. ¶ ludovicus the meek/ the first begotten son of Karolus was emperor after his father xxvi year/ in whose time was put away that clerks should use no girdles with precious stones/ ne strange arrayment. This ludovicus on his first wife gate two children/ & both had an ill end In all thing that went against him he was patient/ & in the last end ever he overcame it/ for toward god he abode devout/ & his children followed his conditions/ and he decessed a blessed man. ¶ Stephanus the fourth was pope after Leo three year. This Stephanus redeemed many captive men/ & crowned Lodewyke the emperor/ & than he deceased/ & was buried at Rome. ¶ paschal was pope after Stephanus. This paschal gave great diligence to relics of saints/ & he took up innumerable bodies of saints/ & buried them worshipfully/ as in the vision of saint Cecile he was commanded. ¶ Eugenius the fourth was pope after paschal/ and he was a very holy man/ and those things that were for Chryst he took heed to. This man was crowned a martyr/ & by the lay men of Rome he was buried in saint Peter's church yard.   

¶ Circa annum duni. viij. C xliiij  
TAlentinus was pope after Eugeny xl days/ & little of him is written. ¶ Gregory the fourth was pope after him twelve year. This Gregory saw many heavy times for the plagues among the common people. And at this man's petition Lodewyke the emperor/ & Marchio the prince of Lombardy exiled all saracens from italy/ & at the last he decessed after innumerable good deeds & works that he had done at saint Peter'S. ¶ Lotherius the first son of Lodewyke was emperor xu year in Ytaly and in Rome & in the parts of German next to the hills of Alpy. This Lothertus rose against his brother Lodewike & Karolus for the kingdom of Duchelonde/ the which sometime Pippinus their brother held/ & they fought at a place called Fontanetum/ where Lothery was discomfited/ & there was such slaughter made on both sides/ that they had no men to resist their adversaries. This understood a falls christian man/ & sent unto the Sowdan of the saracens that he should come anon. And he took Rome/ & saint Peter's church was made a stable for their horses. But Lodewyke with the frenshmen and lombards all that infinite multitude destroyed/ & that with great shedding of christen blood. ¶ Sergius the second was pope after Gregory two year. This man was first called Os porci/ in english hogs mouth/ wherefore that man & after all the pope's names are changed when they be chosen. And that for three causes. The first for Chryst changed the names of those men which he made pope's. The second for as much as they are changed in name/ so should they be changed in perfection of life. The third least he which is chosen to an exceeding degree should be hurt in name. ¶ Leo was pope after Sergius eight year. This Leo was an holy man/ & also he was in prudence as sharp as a serpent/ & in his deeds as meek as a dove. And he was brought forth virtuously in a monastery. And when that he was made pope/ he laboured to repair his churches again/ the which the false saracens one after an other had destroyed This man was a mighty writer and a great preacher/ & a mighty labourer in watch & prayer/ and so died/ and was buried & lieth at saint Peter'S. ¶ Bene dictus a roman was pope after Leo two year. This Benedictus had the name of the thing/ for in all thing was he blessed. And he ordained that clerks should go ordinately & honestly. ¶ ludovicus the son of Lothery was emperor this time/ & anointed of Sergio the pope & a while reigned with his father/ & after he reigned xxi year alone. This man had a son that hight Karolus/ in to whom a devil entered/ & vexed him afore his father/ & than he conspired his faders death/ & in his time fell many marvels. ¶ Nota. johannes Anglicus of the nation of Maguntyn about this time was pope/ & she was a woman arrayed in man's garments. But she ꝓfyted moche in holy scripture. Than she was chosen pope/ but she was afterward with child/ & going openly in ꝓcession she travailed & decessed. And this is the uj pope that to this time had the name of holiness/ & were vicious/ & this person as other cursed pope's were was punished of god/ nor she was not numbered in the book of pope's. ¶ Nicolaus a roman was pope after this woman ix year. This man exceeded all other in holiness/ save saint Gregory/ & after decessed/ & lieth in saint Peter's church yard. ¶ Adrian a roman was pope after Nicolas. This man cursed Lothery the emperors brother king of Lothering for his adultery. But when he came with his noble men to Rome to excuse him for his adultery/ he said he was cursed wrongfully/ & all died in one year & the king died going to the cite of Placencian   

¶ This time came the Danes in to England. 
Alured.   
¶ Anno dni. viij. C lxxiij  
¶ Of king Alured/ & how the Danes in his time prayed him of mercy/ that they might go out of the land.  
AFter the death of Eldred reigned his brother Alured that Dolfynes was called. Than went the Danes & assembled them/ & went forth to seek Alured y● though was newly made king of Southsex/ & there they found him at Wylton with a little power/ & nevertheless he fought with them/ but at the last he fled thence from the field & went in to westser & ordained of his own realm & of other that he had a strong power/ so that the Danes could not withstand him. And he came to London with his host where the Danes sojourned/ & would have fought with them. But the Danes durst not/ but prayed him of peace & that they might go again in to their own country/ & never more to come in to england again any harm to do/ giving him hostages such as he would ask.   

¶ How Hubba & Hungar were slain at Chyppenham/ and how the Danes brought their king unto our king.  
ANd the same day that the Danes departed fro London they road so fast both night & day/ & never rested till that they came unto Excestre/ & took the town/ & there held them. ¶ When king Alured heard these tidings anon he let take the hostages/ and went from thence unto Excestre with all the power that he had. And when the Danes heard tell of his coming/ they went from thence unto Westsex/ & came to Chippenham/ and there they did much harm in the country/ they rob folk/ and brought them in to prison. The king Alured pursued them & came upon them with all his people and fiercely them assailed And there were slain both Hubba and Hungar his brother/ & Buerne Bocard. And in this battle was much people slain on that one part & on that other. But the gree of that field abode with the Danes/ for as much as the king came with little company. The king hasted him as much as he might to go again. And when the Danes found Hubba's body dying deed/ they buried it/ & made upon it a great lodge/ & let call it Hubbe● low/ & so it is called unto this day/ & that place is in devonshire. The barons of Somerset/ Wyltshyre/ & Dorset heard tell how their king was discomfited/ & ordained all the power that they might/ & came to the king where as he was/ & thanked god that they found him alive for they had wend the Danes had slain him. Than the king & his barons concluded to go seek the Danes & to fight with them. And so they road all the night and on the morrow about prime came to Abyngdon where as the Danes were. Thankking Alured & his barons assem bled them/ & eagerly assailed the Danes & there gave them a strong battle/ & the Danes long time put them of/ that no man wist whether part lost most folk. But thus it befell as god would that the king Alured had the victory with moche honour. For the Danes were so driven/ that they ne wist whether to turn And xu days the king them pursued at his will/ that glad & fain they were for to speak of peace/ & took to him good hostage/ & said they would never war more upon him. And more over they promised king Alured that they would go & bring their own king unto him/ & that their king & they all should be baptized. And upon this condition king Alured granted them life & limb/ & said to them that they should go seek their king and at a certain day that was set to come again to him. And so they went forth fast/ & came again at their day that was assigned/ & the Danes brought their king with them. King Alured anon let them be baptized/ & their names were changed/ so that the king of Denmark was called Athelstone/ & thirty. of his fellows names were changed also/ & the other were baptized to the right believe. And all this was done at Westmynster/ & after that king Alured held with him king Athelston and all his Danes twelve days at sojourn with great solemnity/ and gave them great gifts. After that they took their leave & departed. Than was king Alured well at ease when he had overcomen his enemies/ and that they were turned to the right believe of almighty god.   

¶ How the Danes that went in to France with Gurmond/ came again in to England. And of the death of king Alured.  
ANd thus it befell afterward that the Danes of Northumberlond that were paynims came with a great strength & an huge host of france/ that is to be understand/ with them that went into France with Gurmond of africa when he had conquered england & gave it to the saxons. And those that came fro france arrived in Kent/ & sent in to Northumberlonde that they should come to them. And when those two hosts were comen & assembled/ anon they went to destroy all the christian people of england from place to place/ & did moche sorrow ¶ In this time died king Alured that was wont to abbate the Danes/ & xxx year he reigned/ & had been a good king/ & well could chastise his enemies/ & also he was a good clerk/ & let make many books/ & a book he made in english of adventures of kings & of battles that had been done in the loud/ & many other books he let write of great wisdom & good learning/ on whose soul god have mercy/ & lieth at Wynchestre.  
Johannes the eight was pope after Adryan viii year. This john anointed Karolus the emperor/ & he suffered great wrong of the romans/ for he favoured not the said emperor/ & therefore he put the said pope in keeping. Also he degraded the bishop of Portuense that was the cause of all his sorrow. ¶ Karolus the second was emperor after ludovicus This Karolus had a brother that was called berwick/ & he was king of German & he ordained a battle against his brother/ but Karolus or they fought was poisoned/ and he made many a monastery. ¶ Martinus was pope after john one year. This Martin little ꝓfyted/ for he lived but little tyme. ¶ Adrianus the third was pope after him one year/ & of him is nothing written. ¶ Stephanus the .v. was pope after him vi year/ & no thing of him is written/ but that he translated the body of saint Martin. ¶ Karolus the third was emperor after the second twelve year. This Karolus peasybly had in possession all france & german/ & was crowned emperor of john the pope. And after his glorious victory he turned all Normandy to the faith. And he might no more resist the frenchmen but four year he reigned on them/ & he was unprofitable to them/ & therefore they put him away. ¶ Arnulphus was emperor after Karolus. ●ij year. This man utterly constrained the Normans that destroyed the frenchmen. rl. year. Than he sekened & had no comfort of no leech/ for he was in a marvelous sickness/ so that he was consumed with life/ and was deed. ¶ Formosus was pope after Stephen .v. year. This man first was bishop of Portuensis/ & of pope john was deprived for his inobedience/ & was degraded to the lay fe/ but by Martin the pope he was restored/ & against his oath he came not all only to rome/ but to offer him the dignity of the pope/ for which there was great altercation. ¶ Bonufacius y● vj. was pope xu days. ¶ Stephanus the uj one year & three months ¶ Io●a three months & twelve days. ¶ Theodorus the second twenty days. ¶ johannes the. 〈◊〉. was two year & xu days. ¶ Benedictus the four was iii year & two months. ¶ Leo the four was xl days. ¶ Xpoforus the first vij months. These viii pope's were but little time/ & therefore we can not tell of them no notable things/ but if we should write slander of them that might be found/ for the unheard strife & contention in that holy apostles seat/ for one strove against another/ reproving each others deeds: & for to tell how they strove it were no great honour to show/ for the holy apostles see't. ¶ ludovicus the third was emperor after Arnulphus vi year This man had not the pope's blessing/ for the unstableness of them that reigned in Ytaly/ & he was constrained to expulse bearing. And this man was the last emperor of all the kindred of Karolus king of france. ¶ This time the Empire was removed/ translated/ and divided. For the frenchmen helped not the church/ the which their faders had edified & fortified/ but destroyed them/ nor helped not the romans against the lombards/ which vexed the romans right sore. Therefore by the comyns assent they were excluded from the Empire/ & the italians began to be emperors in yta lie/ & the almains in Almaigne/ until Octavien which reigned in both the places. The frenchmen were constrained to abide in their own country/ & no more to be emperors for their mischievous living. ¶ Beringarius the first. Contadus & Beringarius the second/ and Hugo were emperors after Lodewyke but they are not numbered among the Emperors. For some were but in Almaigne/ and some in italy.   

¶ Of king Edward that was king Aluredes sone.  
 
ANd after this Alured reigned edward his son/ and was a good man and a wise/ & was also wonders courteous. The Danes did much sorrow in the land/ & their power increased & began for to wax from day to day/ for the Danes came oft with their companies in to this land. When the king saw that he might no better do/ than he made peace with them/ and granted them his truce. And nevertheless the truce dured not long that the Danes ne begun to war strongly upon the englishmen/ & did them moche sorrow/ wherefore king Edward let assemble a great host for to fight with them. And than this king Edward died when god would. And he reigned xxiiij year/ and lieth at Wynchestre beside his father.   

¶ Anno domini ix C. xiv.  
SErgius the third was pope after Christofer vij year. This man was a cardinal of Rome/ & was expulsed by Formose the pope/ & than he went to the frenshmen/ & through the help of them he came again to Rome/ and expulsed Christofer the pope/ & was pope himself. And for to avenge his exile he took out the body of pope Formose where as he was buried/ and arrayed him in pope's arrayment/ and caused him to be heeded/ & to be cast in to the water of Tiber by Rome. Than fishers found him and brought him in to the church/ & the holy images of fayntes bowed down unto him when the body of him was brought in to the church/ that all men might see/ and honourably him halsed. Yet Sergius destroyed all those things the which the holy man had ordained. ¶ Anastasius was pope after him two year. ¶ Laudo was pope .v. months/ & little they did. ¶ johannes the ten was pope than. This john was the son of Sergius pope/ both of nature & of manners/ & he was pope by might/ & wretchedly was slain by G 〈…〉 does knights for they put on his mouth a pillow and stopped his breath. And after him was another put in/ but anon he was put out/ and therefore he is not named a pope. ¶ Henricus the duke of saxony was emperor of almain xviij year. This Henry was a noble man/ but he is not numbered among the emperors: for he reigned but all only in almain/ & he had a very holy woman unto his wife/ & her name was Matilda/ on whom he gate two sons/ that is to say Ottonen & Harry/ & Otto succeeded him in the empire/ and Harry had much land in almain And he gate an other son that height Brimon/ & was a very holy man/ and was bishop of Coleyn/ and he founded the monastery of Panthaleon.   

¶ Of king Athelstone.  
AFter this Edward reigned Athelstone his son/ and when he had reigned four year he held battle against the Danes/ & drove king Gaufrid that was king of Danes & all his host to the see/ & rested by scotlonde/ & took strongly all the country an hole year. And after that they of Cumberlonde & the Scots of Westmerlonde began to war upon king Athelston/ & he gave them so strong battle that he slew so many of them that no man could tell the number of them. And after that he reigned but three year/ & he reigned in all xxv year/ & lieth at Malmesbury.   

¶ Of king Edmund.  
AFter this Athelstone reigned Edmund his brother/ for king Athelston had no son/ & this Edmund was a worthy man & a doughty knight of body & also noble. And the third year after that he was king he went over Humber into the country/ where he found two kings of Danes/ y● one was called Enelaf and that other Renant. This king Edmund drove them both from the land and after went and took a great prey in Cumberlonde. This Edmund reigned but vij year/ & lieth at Glastenbury.   

¶ Of king Eldred.  
ANd after this Edmund reigned Eldred his brother that avenged Edward his father of his enemies that did slay him/ and afterward he seized all Northumberlond in to his hands/ and made the Scots for to bow and meek unto his will. And in the second year of his regne came Arnalaf Guyran/ that was king of Denmark/ and seized all Northumberlonde/ & held the land two year. And after that came king Eldred with a great power & drove him out of this land. And this king Eldred was a noble man & a good/ of whose goodness saint Dunstan preached. And this Eldred reigned xj year/ & lieth at Wynchestre.   

¶ Of king Edwin.  
ANd after this Eldred reigned Edwin the son of Edmund/ & he was an uncovenable man toward god and the people. For he hated folk of his own land/ & loved & honoured strange men/ & set little by holy church/ and he took of holy church all the treasure that he might have/ that was great shame and villainy to himself/ & peril to his soul. And therefore god would not that he should regne no longer than four year and died/ and lieth at Wynchestre.  
Lo the syxthe a romans was pope uj months. ¶ Stephanus the vii a roman was pope after him two year. ¶ john the xj a roman was pope three year. ¶ Stephanus the viij. a German was pope after him viij. year. ¶ Mart 〈…〉 s the third was pope after him three year. And of these vj. pope's is no thing had in scripture. For what cause I can not tell.   

¶ Anno domini ix C. liiij.  
AGapitus a roman was pope after Martin two year and. viij months/ & no thing of him is written. ¶ johannes the twelve a roman was pope after Agapitus almost eight year/ and he had a father that height Alberyke & was a worthy man in the cite of Rome. He induced the noble men to swear that after the death of Agapitus they should those Octavianun his son pope. And so it was done/ & was named john/ & he was a hunter and a lecherous man/ so that openly he kept women. Wherefore certain cardinals wrote to Ottonem the emperor of almain/ that he should come to Rome for to help to destroy the slander of the church. This the pope perceived/ & the hand that wrote that pistle he made to be cut of. And many times he was warned by the Emperor & the clergy that he should correct himself. But he would not for no thing. Than he was deposed/ & Leo was put in to his place. Wherefore the emperor was annoyed/ and came again and besieged Rome so long/ till they took benedict to him and restored Leo.   

¶ Of king Edgar that reigned above the kings of scotland and of Wales And how he was beguiled through the taking of his wife.  
ANd after this edwin reigned Edgar his brother/ a man that much loved god & peace/ & holy church also/ and was a worthy man & a great lord of blood & mighty/ & maintained well this land in peace. And this Edgar was lord & king above all the kings of Scotlond & of Wales/ from the time that Arthur was gone was never sith king of his power. And this Edgar was saint Edward's father. And when Edgar's wife was deed that was say't Edward's mother and buried/ he heard speak of the fairness of Estrylde/ that was Orgarus daughter a baron of devonshire that was so fair a woman/ that all men spoke of her. He called one of his knights that he much loved & trusted upon/ & said to him. Go said he to the noble baron Orgarus of devonshire & see if that his daughter be so fair as men speak of/ & if it be soothe I will have her to my wife. This knight that was called Edelwolde went forth his way as the king him had said/ & came where as the lady was. And when he saw her so fair/ he thought to have her himself to his wife/ & thereof spoke to Orgarus her father/ & her father was an old man and had no moo children but her only/ and saw that Edelwolde was a fair young knight and worthy & rich/ and was well beloved with the king/ and thought his daughter should well be married & beset upon him/ & granted him his daughter if the good lord the king would consent thereto. And than this Edelwold came again to the king & told him that she was fair enough to see upon/ but she was wonders loathly. Than answered the king & said that he took but little charge. Sir said Edelwold/ she is her faders heir/ and I am not rich of lands/ & if ye would consent & grant that I might have her/ than should I be rich enough. In god's name said the king/ I consent thereto. Edelwold than thanked the king moche/ and went again in to devonshire and spoused the damosel/ and in that country he dwelled. And thus it befell upon a time that he told his counsel & all this thing unto his wife/ how & in what manner he had beguiled his lord the king that would have had her to wife. And anon as she it wist/ she loved him never more after ward as she did before. This lady conceived by him a son. And when time was that the child should be borne/ Edelwold came to the king & prayed him to have a son of his at the fontstone. The king him granted & let call him Edgar after his own name. And when this was done/ he thought that all was siker enough for the king/ that he would not take his wife/ for as much as his lord was a jolly man and an amorous.   

¶ How king Edgar wedded Estrylde after the death of Edelwolde.  
●Hus it befell that all men in king Edgar's court than spoke & said that Edelwolde was richly advanced through the marriage of his wife/ and yet they said he was advanced an hundred fold more/ for he had spoused the fairest woman that ever was seen. And when the king heard speak so moche of her beauty/ he thought that Edelwold had him deceived & beguiled/ and thought privily in his heart that he would go in to devonshire as it were for to hunt for the heart & for the hind & other wild beasts/ & than he should see there the lady or he departed thence. And this lady was dwelling at a manner place beside the forest where that the king would hunt/ & at that manner he was herborowed all night. And when time came that the king should soup & the son shone/ the king asked after his gossip & after his godson. And Edelwold made her to come before the king/ & nevertheless if it otherwise might have been/ she should not have comen in his sight by his will. The lady welcomed the king & sweetly him kissed. And he took her by the hand and next by him her set/ and so souped they together. And there was a custom and an usage in this land that time/ that when one drunk to an other/ the drinker should say wassail/ and that other should answer and say/ drink hay●e/ And thus did the king & the lady many times & also kissed. And after souper when time was to go to bed the king went to bed thinking heartily on the fairness of that lady/ & than was overcomen for her love/ that him thought the he should die/ but if he had his will on her. Upon the morrow the king arose and went in the forest for to disport him with hearts & hinds & all other wild beasts/ and of the hearts great plenty he sent to that lady. And thrice he went to solace & speak with that lady wh●●es he dwelled there in that country. And after that the king removed th' 〈…〉 s/ & bethought him how he might best deliver Edelwolde from his wife as he had him first deceived. And the king anon after eight days let ordain a parliament at Salysbury of all his baronage to have counsel & for to ordain how the country of Northumberlonde should best be kept that the danes came not there to destroy the land. And this Edelwolde came unto the kings parliament. And the king sent him unto york for to be keeper of that country. And thus it befell that men that knew him not slew him by the way. And anon as the king heard tell that Edelwolde was deed/ he let send after the fair lady Estrylde that she should come to the city of London/ and there be wedded to the king with great solemnity and worship. And when he was come to London soon after he held a solemn feast/ and he ware a crown that was of gold/ & the queen an other. And saint Dunstan on the morrow came to the king in his chambre/ & found the king & the queen in bed together. And saint Dunstan asked the king who she was. And the king answered & said. This is the queen Estrylde. And the archbishop saint Dunstan said that he did great wrong & against god's will to take a woman to wife whose child he had holden at the fontstone. And the queen for that word never loved saint Dunstan after. And nevertheless the good man warned of that folly to be left/ but it availed but little/ for the love between them was so moche. The king begat upon her a son that was called Eldred. When this child was uj year old the king his father died/ & about that time he had reigned xvij. year/ and lieth at Glastenbury.  
●Eringarius the third was emperor after Henry vij year. this Beringarius was emperor in Ytaly/ in whose time was great division. And Henry the emperor decessed/ & Otto began to regne in Almaigne. ¶ Lotherius reigned after him two year/ and decessed when Otto reigned in almain/ & had a wife that height Dalnidam/ which after wedded Otto. ¶ Beringarius the fourth was after him. This man with great tyranny subdued Ytaly/ wherefore the pope & other romans called Otto that he might deliver them/ which he did/ & he took Beringary by strength/ & twice he outlawed him/ & he took Lotherius wife which the tyrant had prisoned. ¶ Leo the viij. was pope after Benedictus one year & four months. This man was chosen with the common voice/ & john was deposed. This Leo ordained that no pope should be made without consent of the emperor/ for the malice of the romans the which oppressed them. This man granted all the gifts to Otto and his successors/ the which were given by justinian and Karolus to the church/ that he might defend Ytaly from the rebellions. ¶ johannes the twelve was pope after him almost eight year. This john suffered great wrong of the romans/ for he was taken & exiled/ but Otto bore this heavily. For he slew the noble men of Rome/ and certain of them exiled for evermore. ¶ Benedictus the sixth was pope after him uj year. This man was taken/ and in the castle Angel was strangled. ¶ Nota. The empire this time was translated to the almains. And the same cause is here as was before/ for the vicious living. Ne these unhappy men could not be informed/ that they could eschew that one vice/ through the which they saw so many noble men perished. ¶ Otto was emperor after Beringarius twelve year. This Otto was the first emperor of Almaigne/ and he was all virtuous as an other king Karolus/ for he was the defender of the church of god/ and the singular promoter/ for the which he was worthy to be emperor. Many men of falls believe he converted. And he held with him pope Benedictus the usurper of the popehede in to Saxony/ & there he deceased in his exile And after this Otto the emperor deceased a rich man in virtue & goods. ¶ Otto the second was emperor after his father. And he was a noble man to the church as his father was. And many a battle he had against false men of believe. And at the last he had almost lost all his host in Kalabre. Yet he for sooth with all his mind besought saint Peter to help. And marvelously saint Peter delivered him. And his wife was the daughter of the emperor of Constantinople of the romans blood/ & this man was crowned of Benedictus the pope.   

¶ Of saint Edward the martyr/ & how estrild his stepmother let s●ee him for to make Eldred her own son king.  
AFter this Edgar reigned Edward his son that he begat upon his first wife/ that well & nobly governed the land. For he was full of all manner of goodness/ & lad a full holy life/ and above all thing he loved god & holy church. And the queen Estrylde that was his stepmother let slay him because to make her own son Eldred king/ & thus on a day he was slain as ye shall here afterward. ¶ It befell thus upon a day that the king Edward went in to a wood for to play in the south country beside a town that is called Warham in which forest was great plenty of hearts and hinds. And when he had been a while there for to sport him/ he thought upon his brother Eldred that was with his mother the queen/ for her place was nigh the forest/ and thought for to go thither and visit & see his brother. And took with him but a little meinie/ and went toward his stepmoders' house/ that in that time sojourned in the castle of Corfe. And as he road in the thickness of the wood to espy his game/ it befell that he went amiss and lost his meinie that came with him. And at the last he came out of the wood/ and as he looked about him he saw there fast besides a manner that his stepmother dwelled in/ and thitherward he went alone. And anon it was told the queen/ how that the king was comen alone without any company. And therefore she made joy enough/ and thought how she might do that he were slain as privily as she might/ and she called to her one of her knights/ to whom she had told moche of her counsel between them. And both they came to the king & courteously received him. And the king said that he was comen to visit her/ and also for to speak with Eldred his brother. The queen many times thanked him/ and bade him to alight & harborowe with her all that night. The king said that he might not/ but again he would go unto his folk/ if he might find them. And when the queen saw that he would not abide/ she prayed him that he would once drink. And he granted her. And anon as the drink was come/ the que●e drank unto the king. And the king took the cup & set it to his mouth/ & in the mean while that he drank/ the false knight that was with the queen with a knife smote the king unto the heart/ and there he fell down deed from his palfrey unto the earth. The queen for this deed gave the knight gold and silver great plenty & of other richesse enough. And the knight anon as this was done went him over the see/ & so escaped he out of this land. When this king Edward was thus martyred it was 〈◊〉 the year of the incarnation of our lord. ●x. C lxxx and he had reigned twelve year and an half/ and lieth at Glastenbury.   

¶ Of king Eldred and how the king Swine of Denmark held england & how Eldred that was saint Edward's brother was not beloved in his realm & therefore he fled in to Normandy.  
AFter this king Edward reigned Eldred his brother/ & saint Dunstan crowned him. And this saint Dunstan died soon after that he had forgiven estrild the queen her trespass because that she was cause of king Edward's death/ and saint Dunstan had her alloyled & enjoined her penance/ and she lived after a chaste life and a clean. This king Eldred wedded an english woman / & on her he begat Edmund Iren side/ and an other son that was called edwin. And after died the queen their mother. And in that time came Swine in to England that was king of Denmark/ for to challenge and conquer all that his ancestors' had before the time/ And so he conquered and had it all at his asking. For the good earl Cuthbert of lindsay & all the people of Northumlonde and almost all the greatest men of england held with Swine that was king of Denmark/ for as much as they loved not king Eldred/ because that his good brother Edward was falsely slain for the love of him/ and therefore no man set but little by him. Wherefore king Swine had all his will/ & took all the land. And Eldred the king than fled in to Normandy/ and so spoke to the duke richard/ that the duke gave him his sister Emme to wife/ upon the which he gate two sons/ that one was called Alured/ and that other Edward. And when king Swine had conquered all the land he reigned nobly/ & lived xu year/ and than he died/ and lieth at york.   

¶ How king Eldred came again from Normandy/ and how Knoght the Dane reigned/ and of the war between him and Edmund Irensyde.  
AFter the death of Swine that was a Dane/ Knoght his son dwelled in England/ & would have been king And than came again Eldred out of Nor mandy with a great number of people & a strong army/ that Knoght durst not abide/ but fled thence in to Denmark. The king Eldred had again his realm/ and held so great lordship that he begun to destroy all those that helped Swine that was a Dane against him. And afterward this Knoght came again from Denmark with a great power so that king Eldred durst not fight with him/ but fled from thence unto London/ and there held him. Than came Knoght and besieged him so long till that king Eldred died in the cite of London/ and lieth in saint Paul's church. And he reigned ix year.  
BOnus was pope after Benedict one year. This man abode but a little tyme. ¶ Bonifacius was pope after him five months. ¶ Benedictus was pope after him ten year. This man crowned Otto the second/ & made many romans to be taken/ & he gathered a counsel against the king of France/ where Gylbert the necromancer was deposed. ¶ johannes the xiiij was pope after him eight months/ & he was put in the castle Angel/ and was famished to death. ¶ johannes that xu was pope after him four months. ¶ johannes the xuj was pope after him almost xj. year. This man was taught in arms/ & made many books/ & else little of him is written. ¶ Gregorius the .v. was pope after this man almost three year. This Gregory was made pope at the instance of the emperor Otto the third/ for he was his cousin. And when he had been a little while pope/ and the emperor receded from the cite of Rome Placentinus was put in by Crescencius a consul/ for money/ & than was strife a few days. But the emperor came soon after again/ & took Crescencius the consul & stroke of his heed/ & put out the eyen of this man that put out his cousin of the dignity of the poperyche/ & maimed him in other membres/ and his dukes ne his knights helped him no thing For he did that thing that he should not have done/ and he suffered that that he deserved. ¶ Nota. This Gregory with the emperor Otto ordained there the chosers of the empire/ the which from thence forth hath abiden unto this day. For the frenchmen nor none other might not break the ordinance. And those chosers of the Empire by the pope & Otto were not made for any blame of the saxons/ but to eschew the petylles to come And their names been written in latin for learned men in these verses. Magun ●inensis. Treverensis. Coloniensis. quilibet imperij fit cancellarius horum. Et Palatinus dapifer Dux portitor ensis. Marchio prepositus camere. Pincerna Bohemus. Hij statuunt dominum cunctis per secula summum. Palati●us est comes Reni. Marchio est Brandeburgensis. Dux Saxonun. Et rex Bohemorun. Verum ut quidam dicunt. Through this occasion the Eagle hath lost many a feather/ and in the end he shall be made naked. ¶ Otto the third was emperor xviij year. This man was a worthy man all the days of his empire. And after the wisdom of his father he was a very faithful man to the church. And in many battles he ꝓspered because he was devout to almighty god & his saints And gave mighty worshipping unto the relics of saints. And oftentimes he visited holy places. This man was crowned by Gregory his cousin. And at the last he decessed at Rome.   

¶ Anno domini. M four Nota.  
SIluester the second was pope after Gregory four year/ & he was made pope by the help of the devil/ to whom he did homage/ for he should give him all thing that he desired/ & he was called Gylbert. And his enemy gate him the grace of the king of france and he made him bishop of Remensis but anon he was deposed. And after he gate the grace of the Emperor/ & was made bishop of Ravennie/ & after pope but he had an end anon/ & so have all that put their hope in false devils. Yet men trust in his salvation for certain demonstrations of his sepulture/ & for the great penance that he did in his last end. For he made his hands & legs to be cut of/ & dismembered all his body/ & made them to be cast out at the door to fowls/ & than his body to be drawn with wild beasts/ and there to be buried where so ever they rested as an hound. And they stood still at saint john de Latrans/ & there he was buried/ & that was sign of his salvation. ¶ johannes the xviij was pope .v. months. ¶ johannes the xix was pope after him five year. And these two did little things. ¶ Henricus the first was emperor in almain xx. year. This Henry was duke of Barry/ and all according he was chosen for his blessed fame & good name the which he had. And it is red that many of these dukes of Barry were holy men/ not all only in abstaining them from fleshly desires/ but also in virtuous living. And this Henry had a sister that was as holy as he/ whom he gave to wife unto the king of Hungary. And she brought all Hungary unto the right believe and christian faith. And his wives name was San●●a Ro●●ogundis with whom he lived a virgin all the days of his life. And he made many a battle/ as well in italy as in almain agayust them that rebelled and prospered right wisely evermore on them. At the last with a blessed end he decessed. And in the life of saint Laurence he and his wife be put for ensamples because of their holy and virtuous living. ¶ Benedictus was pope after john xi year. This man had great strife in his days. For he was put out/ & an other was put in. And this Benedictus after that he was deed/ was seen of an holy bishop in a wretched figure/ & he had great pain. And this figure said he trusted no thing in the mercy of god/ & no thing profited him that was done for him/ for it was gotten by extortion & unjustly. Than this bishop left his bishopric for dread of this sight/ & went in to a monastery & lived virtuously all his days. ¶ johannes the twenty was pope after him xi year/ & little profited.   

¶ Of king Knoght that was a Dane.  
ANd after the death of this Eldred Knoght that was a Daue begun to regne. But Edmund Irensyde that was king eldreds son by his first wife ordained a great power of men/ & began to war on king Knoght. And so he did many times & oft/ & the war was so strong & hard the wonder it was to wite And the queen Emme that than dwelled at westminster had great dread of her two sons Alured & Edward/ lest they should be destroyed through the war/ wherefore she sent them over see in to Normandy to the duke Richard their uncle/ & there they dwelled in safete & peas long tyme. ¶ This Edmund Irensyde & Knoght the Dane warred fiercely together. But at the last they were accorded in this manner/ that they should depart the realm between them/ and so they did/ and loved together like two brethren.   

¶ How king Edmund Irensyde was slain through treason by a traitor that was called Edryth of Stratton.  
ANd than after reigned king Edmund Irensyde & Knoght the dane But thus it befell afterward that in the same year that they were accorded & so moche loved together/ wherefore a false traitor had envy at the love that was between them/ whose name was Edrith of stra●to●/ that was a great lord that was Edmund Irensydes man/ & of him held all the land that he had/ & nevertheless he thought to betray his lord/ & make Knoght king of all the land/ to the intent richly to be advanced/ & with him to be well beloved. Wherefore he prayed his lord Edmund Irensyde on a day with him for to eat. And the king him courteously granted/ and to him came at his prayer. And at meet the king was rially served with diverse meats and drinks. And when night came that he should go to bed/ the king took his own meinie and went to the chambre where as he should take his nights rest And as he looked about him he saw a fair image & a well made in semblant as it were an archer with a bow bend in his hand/ & in the bow a fine arrow. King Edmund went near to behold it better. And when he was by it/ anon the arrow smote him through the body/ & there slew the king/ for the engine was made to slay his own lord traitorously. And when king Edmund was thus deed & slain/ he had reigned but ten year And his people made much sorrow for him/ & his body they bore to Glastenbury/ & there buried him. And this falls traitor Edrith anon went to the queen that was king edmund's wife that wist not of her lords death/ & took from her two sons that were fair & young that her lord had gotten on her/ that one was called Edward/ & that other edwin/ & lad them with him to London/ & took them to king Knoght that he should do with them what his will were. And told him how subtilely he had slain king Edmund because the Knoght should have all the land of England. ¶ O thou falls traitor/ hast thou slain my true brother that was so true because of me/ a man that I most loved in the world. Now by my heed I shall for thy travail the well reward as thou hast deserved/ & anon let him be taken/ and bound him hands & feet in manner of a traitor/ & let cast him in to the river of Tamyse. And in this manner the false traitor ended his life. The king took the two children & put them unto the abbot of West minster to ward & to keep till he wist what was best with them for to do.   

¶ How king Knoght sent both king Edmondes' sons in to Denmark for to be slain/ and how they were saved.  
ANd it befell soon afterward that king Knoght had all the land in his hands: & spoused the queen Emme through consent of all his barons/ for she was a fair woman/ the which was eldreds wife/ and the duke's sister of Normandy/ & they lived together with moche love as reason would. The king asked upon a day counsel of the queen what was best to do with Edmond Irensydes sons. Sir said she/ they be the right heirs of the land/ and if they live they will do you moche sorrow with war/ and therefore let send them in to a strange land afar/ to some man that may destroy them. The king anon let call a Dane that was called Walgar/ & commanded him that he should lead those two children in to Denmark/ & so to do and ordain for them that he should never more here of them. Sir said this Walgar/ your commandment gladly shall be done. And anon he took the two children & led them in to Denmark. And for as much as he saw that the children were wonders fair & m●ke/ he had of them great pite & ruth/ & would not slay them/ but led them to the king of Hungary for to nourish. For this Walgar was well beknowned with the king & well beloved. Anon the king asked fro whence the children were. And Walgar told him & said that they were the right heirs of England/ and therefore men would destroy them/ & therefore sir unto you they be comen to seek mercy & help/ & for sooth if they may live your men they shall become/ and of you they shall hold all their land. The king of Hungary received them with moche honour/ and let them worthily be kept. And thus it befell afterward that edwin the younger brother died/ & Edward the elder brother lived/ a fair man and a strong/ and a large of body/ & gentle and courteous of conditions/ so that all men loved him. And this Edward in the chronicles is called among Englishmen Edward the outlaw. And when he was made knight/ the kings daughter of Hungary loved him moche for his goodness and his fairness/ so that she called him her darling. The king that was her father perceived well the love that was between them two/ & he had none heir but only that daughter. And the king vouchsafe his daughter to no man so well as he did to him that she loved so well/ and he her again and gave her unto him with a good will. And Edward her spoused with moche honour. The king of Hungary sent after all his barons and made a solemn feast and a rich wedding/ and made all men to understand that this Edward should be king after his decease of all the land of Hungary. Of the which tidings they were all right glad. And this Edward begat upon this lady a son the which was called Edgar Heling/ and afterward a daughter that was called Margarete/ that afterward was queen of scotland. And by the king of scotland that was called Mancolin she had a daughter that was called Maud that was queen afterward of England through king Henry that was the first son of the conqueror that her wedded/ & he begat on her a daughter that was called Maud/ that afterward was empress of Almaigne. And of this Maud came the king of England that unto this day is called Henry the empress son/ and yet had this Edward an other daughter by his wife that was called Christian/ & she was a nun.   

¶ How king Knoght that was a proud man conquered Nor way/ and how he became afterward meek and mild.  
NOw have ye heard of Edmund Irensydes sons that king Knoght wend they had been slain as he had commanded Walgar before. And this king Knoght had in his hands all the realm of england & Denmark. And after that they went unto Norway for to conquer that land. But the king of the land that was called Elaf came with his people/ & wend to have well kept & defended his land/ & so there he fought with him/ till at the last he was slain in that battle. And than this Knoght took all the land in to his hands. And when he had conquered Norway/ & taken feaute & homage there he came again in to England/ & held himself so great a lord/ that him thought in all the world was not his peer/ & became so proud & hauteyne that it was great wonder. ¶ And so it befell upon a day as he had herd mass at west minster/ & would have gone in to his palace the wawes of the Tamyse so swiftly came against him that almost they touched his feet. Than said the king with a proud heart. I command the water to turn again/ or else I shall make the. The wawes for his commandment would not spare/ but flowed in height more & more. The king was so proud of heart that he would not flee the water but abode still in the water/ & bet it with a yard that he had in his hand/ & commanded the water that it should go no ferder. But for all his commandment the water would not cese/ but increased more & more/ so that the king was all wete/ & stood deep in the water And when he saw the water would not do his commandment/ he withdrew him & stood upon a stone/ holding up his hands on high/ & said hearing all the people. This god that maketh the see thus arise on high is king of all kings/ & of all mights most/ and I am a caitiff & a deadly man/ & he may never die/ & all thing doth his commandment & him obeyeth. To that god I pray that he be my warrant/ for I knowledge me a caitiff feeble & of no power/ & therefore I will go unto Rome without any long letting/ my wickedness to punish/ & me to amend. For of god I clay me my land for to hold/ & of none other. And anon made ready his heir/ & himself went to Rome without any letting. And by the way did many alms deeds/ & at Rome also. And when he had been there & done penance for his sins/ he came again in to England/ & became a good man & an holy/ leaving all manner pride/ & lived an holy life/ & made two abbeys of saint Benet/ one in England/ and another in Norway/ by cause he loved saint Benet more specially than any other saint/ & he loved moche also saint Edmund the king/ & often he gave great gifts to the house/ & made it rich. And when he had reigned twenty year he died/ & lieth at Wynchestre.   

¶ Anno dni. M xviij  
Benedictus the ix was pope after johannes/ & he was a great lethour / & therefore he was dampened/ & he appeared to a certain man under a marvelous figure & an horrible. His heed & his tail was like an ass/ that other part of his body like a beer. And he said to this man to whom he appeared. Be not afeard/ for I was a man as ye be now/ but for my beestly living when I was pope I appear now like a be'st. ¶ In this man's time was great division & slander to the church/ for he was put out & in two times. And here Ptholomeus noteth that the pride of bishops had ever an evil end/ & it was ever the occasion of moche unrest & battle. ¶ Conradus the first was emperor after Henry twenty year This man made many laws/ & commanded peas to be kept most straightly of any man. But the earl of Ludolf was accused & he fled from his land/ & desired more to live like a churl than like a gentleman/ & yet marvelously his son was made emperor by the commandment of god against the will of Conradus. And at the last they were accorded/ & he took Conradus daughter to his wife.   

¶ Of king Harold that had liefer go on foot than ride on horseback.  
THis Knoght of whom we have spoken of before had two sons by his wife Emme/ that one was called Hardiknoght/ & that other Harold/ & he was so light on foot that men called him comynly Harold hare foot. And this Harold was no thing manerd after Knoght his father/ for he set not by chivalry/ courtesy/ ne worship/ but only by his own will. And he became so wicked that he exiled his mother Emme. And she went in to Flaundres/ & there dwelled with the earl/ wherefore he & his brother hated echeother deadly. And when he had reigned ij. year & more hedyed/ & lieth at West minster.   

¶ Of king Hardiknoght that was harold brother.  
AFter this Harold hare foot reigned his brother Hardyknoght/ a noble knight & a worthy/ & moche loved chivalry and all manner of goodness. And when this Hardiknoght had reigned a little while/ he let uncover his brother Harold/ & smote of his heed/ & made it to be cast in to a gonge/ & the body in to Ta mice. And after came fishers & took the bedy with their nets by night/ & bore him to saint clements church/ & there buried him. Thus avenged him Hardiknoght on his brother. Thus king Har diknoght was so large a giver of meet & drink/ that his tables were set every day three times full with rial meats & drinks for his meinie & for them that came to his court. And this king Hardiknoght sent after Emme his mother & made her to come again/ for his brother Harold hare foot had driven her out of the land through counsel of the earl Godwyn that than was the greatest lord in England next the king/ & that had most rule/ because he had spoused the daughter of king Knoght begotten on his first wife. And when this queen was driven out of england & came to the earl of Flaundres that was called Baldewyne his cousin found her there all thing that her needed/ unto the time that she went again in to England/ that the king Hardiknoght had sent for her that was her son/ and made her to come again with moche honour. This king Hardiknoght when he had reigned .v. year he died/ and lieth at West minster.   

¶ Of the villainy that the Danes ' did to the englishmen/ wherefore fro that time after was no Dane made king of this land.  
AFter the death of this king Hardiknoght for as much as he ne had no child of his body begotten/ the ●●les and barons asseinbled and made a counsel/ that never more after no man that was a Dane/ though he were never so great a man among them/ he should never be king of England for the despite that they had done to englishmen. For ever more before/ if the englyshmen & the danes happened to meet upon a bridge/ the englyshmen should not be so hardy to mean a foot/ but stand still till the danes were passed forth. And more over if the englyshmen had not bowed down their heeds to do reverence unto the danes/ they should have been beaten & defouled/ & such despites & villainy did the danes to our englishmen/ wherefore they were driven out of the land after Hardiknoghtes death. For they had no lord that might maintain them. And in this manner avoided the danes England/ that they never came again. The earls & barons by their common assent & counsel sent unto Normandy for to seek those two brethren Alured and Edward that were dwelling with the duke richard that was their uncle/ in intent for to crown Alured the elder brother/ & make him king of England/ & of this thing to make an end. The earls & barons made their o'th'/ but the earl Godwyn of Westsex falsely & traitorously thought to slay these two brethren anon as they should come in to england/ in intent to make Harold his son king/ the which soon he had begotten on his wife king Hardiknoght's daughter that was a dane. And so this Godwyn went privily to southhamton for to meet there with the two brethren at their landing. And thus it befell that the messengers that went in to Normandy found not but only Alured that was the eldest brother. For Edward his brother was gone to Hungary for to speak with his cousin Edward the outlaw that was Edmund Irensydes son. The messengers said to Aluted how that the earls & ba rons of england sent for him/ & that he should boldly come in to england & receive the realm: for king Hardiknoght was deed & all the danes driven out of the land.   

¶ How Godwyn the false traitor took Alured upon Gildesdown when that he came from Normandye to be king of England/ & how he caused him to be martyred in the isle of Ely.  
When Alured herd these tidings he thanked god/ & took shipping with all y● haste that he might and passed the see and arrived at south hamton there Godwyn the falls traitor was. And when this traitor saw that he was comen/ he welcomed him & received him with moche joy/ & said that he would lead him to London where as all the barons of England him abode to make him their king. And so they went on their way toward London. And when they came on Gyldesdowne though said the traitor Godwyn unto Alured. Take heap about you both on the left side & on the right side/ & of all ye shall be king/ & of such an hundred mod Now forsooth said Alured/ I behyght you and if I be king/ I shall ordain & make such laws/ whereof god & man shall be well apaid. Now had the trey tower commanded all his men that were with him/ that when they were comen upon Gyldesdown that they should slay all that were in Aluredes company/ that came with him from Normandy/ & after that take Alured & lead him in to y● yle of Ely and after put out both his eyen of his heed/ & afterward bring him to death. And so they did/ for they slew all the company that were there/ the number of. xij gentlemen that were comen with Alured from Normandy/ & after they took Alured & in the isle of Ely they put out his eyen & rend his womb/ & took the chief of his bowels/ & put a stake in to the ground/ & an end of the bowels fastened thereto/ & with nedyls of iron they pricked the good thylde/ & so made him to go about the stake till that all his bowels were drawn out of his body/ & so died Alured there through treason of the earl Godwyne. When the lords of england had herd and wist how Alured that should have been their king was put to death through the falls traitor Godwyne/ they were wonders wroth/ & swore between them god & his holy name/ that he should die a worse death than did Edryth of stration that had betrayed his lord Edmund Iren side/ & they would have put him to death but the traitor fled thence in to Denmark/ & there held him four year and more/ & lost all his land in England.  
SIluester the third was pope after Benedictus. This Silvester was chosen/ & Benedict was expulsed. And afterward was Silvester expulsed & Benedict was put up again. And after he was put out/ & Gregory was made pope/ & he was but simple lettred man/ and therefore he chose an other pope to be consecrated with him. And when many men were disposed with this guiding of two pope's/ the third was brought in/ the which should occupy the place of both the two. And so they strove among themself. But Henry the emperor than came to Rome and deposed them all/ and made Clement the second pope/ whom he made anon to crown him. And he said to the romans they should never without his assent chose pope And so .v. being pope's/ the sixth was put in. But many men say this Gregory was an holy man. ¶ Damasus the second was after Clement xxiij days. This man was an usurper of the popery che/ & he died suddenly. And anon the romans asked to have a pope/ & that the almains should have none/ for they were so hard hearted that they might not incline to the intent of the emperout the which said there should be no pope chosen but if he would be of counsel of the election. But for all that they put in this holy man Leo/ and after he had of that conscience/ & refused it. And anon he was chosen by the common assent. This Leo put Chryst in the form of a lasar in to his own bed/ and on the morrow he found no thing there.   

¶ Of saint Edward the confessor that was Aluredes brother/ and how he was king of England.  
ANd when this was done/ all the barons of england sent another time in to Normandy that Edward should come in to england with moche ●onout. And this Edward in his childhod loved 〈◊〉 hay god & him dread/ and in honest & cleanness lad his life/ & hated sin as death. And when he was crowned & anointed with a rial power/ he forgot not his good manners & conditions that he first used/ & forgot not all good customs for no manner honour/ ne for no richesse/ ne for no manner hygnes. But ever more & more gave him to goodness & well loved god & holy church passing all other manner thing. And poor men also he loved/ & held them as they had been his own brethren/ & to them oft he gave great alms with full good will.   

¶ Of the first special love that god showed to saint Edward living.  
IT befell on a day as he went from the church of westminster/ & had herd mass of saint john the evangelist for as much as he loved saint john the evangelist more specially after god and our lady/ than he did any other saint. And so there came to him a pilgrim/ & prayed him for the love of god & our lady & saint john the evangelist some good for to give him. And the king privily took his ring of his finger/ that no man perceived it/ & gave it to the pilgrim/ & he it received & went thence. This king Edward made all the good laws of England/ that yet been most used & holden. And he was so merciable and so full of pity/ that no man might be more.   

¶ How the earl Godwyn came again in to England/ and had again all his land/ and afterward saint Edward wedded his daughter.  
When the earl Godwyn that was dwelling in Denmark had moche heard of the goodness of king Edward/ & that he was full of mercy and pity/ he thought that he would go again in to england for to seek & to have grace of the good king Edward that so mercy full was that he might have again his land in peace. And arrayed him as much as he might & put him toward the see & came in to England to London where the king was that time & all the lords of England & held a parliament Godwyn sent to them that were his friends/ & were the most greatest lords of the land/ & prayed them to beseech the kings grace for him/ & that he would grant him his peace & his land. The lords lad him before the king to seek his grace. And anon as the king saw him/ he appealed him of treason/ & of the death of Alured his brother/ & these words to him said Traitor Godwyn I the appeal that thou hast betrayed & slain my brother Alured. Certes sir said Godwyn save your grace & your peace & your lordship I never betrayed him/ ●e yet lewe him. And therefore I put me in reward of the caurte. Now fair lords said the king/ ye that be my lieges/ earls & barons of the land that here been assembled/ full well ye heard mine appeal/ & the answer also of Godwyn/ & therefore I will that ye award & do right. The earls & barons than gathered them all together to do this award by themself/ & so they spoke die versly among them/ for some said there was never alliance by homage serment service/ nor by lordship between Godwyn & Alured/ for which thing they might him draw. And at the last they devised & deemed/ that he should put him in the kings mercy all together. Than spake the earl Leverike of coventry a good man to god & to all the world/ & told his reason in this manner and said. The earl Godwyn is the best friended man of England after the king/ & well might it not be gainsaid/ that without cou●se isle of Godwyn Alured was never put to death wherefore I award as touching my part/ that himself & his son & every of us xii earls that been his friends go before the king/ charged with as much gold & silver as we may bear between our hands/ praying the king to forgive his evil will to the earl Godwyn and receive his homage/ & yield again his land. And they accorded unto that award/ and came every of them with gold & silver as much as they might bear between their hands before the king/ and there said the form and the manner of their accord & of their award. The king would not them gainsay but as much as they had ordained he granted and confirmed. And so was the earl Godwyn accorded with the king/ and had again all his lands. And afterward he bore him so well & so wisely/ that the king loved him wonders moche/ & with him he was full privy. And within a little time they loved so moche that the king spoused godwyn's daughter/ and made her queen. And nevertheless though the king had a wife yet he lived ever in chastity and cleanness of body without any fleshly deed doing with his wife. And the queen also in her half lad an holy life two year/ & died And afterward the king lived all his life without any wife. The king gave the earldom of Oxford to Harolde that was godwyn's son/ & made him earl. And so well they were beloved/ both the father and he/ & were so privy with the king/ that they might do by right what thing they would. For against right would he no thing do for no manner man so good and true he was of conscience. And therefore our lord jesus Chryst special love showed to him.   

¶ How king Edward saw rewyne king of Denmark drowned in the see in the time of the levation of the sacrament as he stood and heard mass.  
IT befell upon a whitsunday as king Edward heard his mass in the great church of Westmynster at the levation of jesus Christ's body: & as all men were gathered in the church/ and came nigh the altar for to see the sacring the king life up his hands on high/ & took up a great laughter/ wherefore all that stood about him began greatly to wonder. And after mass they asked why the kings laughter was. Fair lords said king Edward/ I saw Swine the younger that was king of Denmark come in to the see with all his power for to have comen in to england to war upon us/ & I saw him & all his folk drowned in the see/ & all this I saw in the levation of Christ's body between the priests hands/ & I had thereof so great weigh that I might not my laughter withhold. And the earl Leverich stood beside him at the levation/ & openly saw the form of breed turn in to the likeness of a young child/ & took up his right hand & blessed the king/ & afterward the earl/ & the earl anon turned him toward the king for to make him see that holy sight. And than said the king. Sir earl I so well that ye see/ thanked be god that I have honoured my god and saviour vysybly jesus Chryst in form of man/ whose name be blessed in all worlds. Amen.   

¶ How the ring that saint Edward had given to a poor pilgrim for the love of god and saint john the evangelist came again to king Edward.  
THis noble man saint Edward reigned xiii year. And thus it be fell upon a time or he died/ the two men of england were gone in to the holy land and had done their pilgrimage/ & were going again in to their own country where they came fro. And as they went in the way/ they met a pilgrim that courteously salued them/ & asked of them in what land and in what country they were borne. And they said in England Than asked he who was king of England. And they answered and said/ the good king Edward. Fair friends said the pilgrim/ when that ye come in to your country again/ I pray you that ye will go unto king Edward/ & greet him oftentimes in my name/ & oftentimes him thank of his great courtesy that he to me hath done/ & namely for the ring that he gave me when he had herd mass at Westmynster for saint john's love the evangelist. And than took the ring & took it to the pylgryms & said. I pray you go & bear this ring/ & take it unto king Edward/ & tell him that I send it him and a full rich gift I will give him For upon the twelve day he shall come to me & evermore dwell in bliss withouten end. Sir said the pilgrims/ what man be ye and in what country is your dwelling. Fair friends said he/ I am john the evangelist/ & I am dwelling with almighty god/ & your king Edward is my friend/ & I love him in special for because that he hath evermore lived in cleanness & is a clean maid/ & I pray you my message to fulfil as I have said. When saint john the evangelist had thus charged them/ suddenly he voided out of both their sights. Than thanked the pylgryms almighty god & went forth their way. And when they had gone two or three mile they begun to ware weary/ & set them down for to rest them/ & so they fell on sleep. And when they had well slept/ one of them awoke & life up his heed & looked about & said to his fellow. Arise up and go we in our way. What said that our fellow to that other where be we now. Certes said the other/ it seemeth me that this is not the same country that we laid us ●owne in for to rest & sleep. For we were from jerusalem but three miles. They took up their hands and blessed them/ & went forth on their way/ & as they went they saw sheeps herds going with their sheep that spoke none other language but english. Good friends said one of the pylgryms/ what country is this/ & who is lord thereof. And anon the shepherds answered & said This is the country of Kent in england of the which the good king Edward is lord of. Than the pilgrims thanked almighty god & saint john the evangelist/ & went forth on their way & came to Caunterbury/ & from thence to London/ & there they found the king. And told him all from the beginning to the ending/ as moche as saint john had charged them/ & of all things how they had spendde by the way/ & took the ring to king Edward/ & he received it/ & thanked almighty god & saint john the evan gelyst. And than made him ready every day from day to day to depart out of this life when god would send for him.   

¶ How saint Edward died on the twelve day.  
ANd after it befell thus on Chryst mass even as the holy man Edward was at god's service for to here matins of the high feest/ he became full seek/ & on the morrow endured with much pain for to here the mass/ & after mass he let him to be lad in to his chambre there for to rest him. But in his hall among his barons & knights might he not come for to comfort them and solace as he was wont to do at that worthy feast. Wherefore all their mirth and comfort among all that were in the hall was turned in to care & sorrow/ because they dread to lose their good lord the king And upon saint john's day the evangelist that came next the king received his rights of holy church/ as it befalleth to every christian man/ & abode the mercy & the will of god. And the two pylgryms he let come before him/ & gave them rich gifts & betook them to god And also the abbot of Westmynster he let come before him/ & took him that ring in the honour of god & saint Mary & of saint john the evangelist. And the abbot took & put it among other relics/ so that it is at Westmynster & ever shall be. And so lay the king seek till the twelve even/ and than died the good king Edward at Westmynster/ & there he lieth. For whose love god hath showed many a fair miracle. And this was in the year of the incarnation of our lord Chryst jesus. M .lxv. And after he was translated and put in to the shrine by the noble martyr saint Thomas of Caunterbury.  
●Ictor the second was pope after Leo/ & little of him is written. ¶ Henry the second was emperor after the first Henry xvij year. This man was cousin to Conrade/ & he was borne in a wood/ and twice taken to be slain when he was a child/ but god defended him evermore. When he was made emperor he made a monastery in the same place in the wood where he was borne. This man was a vicious man/ and he entered in to Ytaly/ & there he took Pandulphus the prince of Campany. ¶ Ste phanus the ix was pope after Victor ix months. ¶ Benedictus was after him & he took the dignity of the pope Stephen by strength/ & kept it ix months/ & than decessed. ¶ Henry the third was emperor after Henry the second. This Henry was an unquiet man/ & many times troubled the holy man Gregory the vij And first he asked forgiveness & was assoiled/ but he persevered not/ but brought in an other pope against him/ and said he was an heretic. And Gregory cursed him. And the chosers of the emperor chose the duke of Saxon for to be emperor/ whom this Henry in battle overcame. And than he came to Rome with his pope/ and pursued pope Gregory & the cardinals also. And than anon Robert the king of Naples drove him thence/ & delivered the pope & his cardinals. Nevertheless yet he was a man of great alms/ and twelve times he fought in battle. And at the last he died wretchedly. For he was put down by his own son. For so as he did to other men/ so was he done to. ¶ Nycolas the second was pope after benedict two year. This Nycolas called a counsel against the archdeacon of Turonosens which was an heretic/ & he taught against the faith. For he erred in the sacrament/ & after he was converted & was an holy man/ but he could never convert his disciples. ¶ Nota. ¶ Alexander the second was pope after him twelve year. This Alexander was an holy man/ & he ordained that under pain of cursing that no man should here a priests mass whom they knew had a ●●man. Vt p● xxxij. dist. preter hoc. He had strife with one Codulo/ but he expulsed him as an usurper/ & put him out as a symoner.   

¶ How Harolde that was godwyn's son was made king/ & how he escaped fro the duke of Normandy.  
When ●aynt Edward was gone out of this world/ and was passed to god/ & worthily buried as it appertained to such a great lord for to be. The barons of the land would have had Edward Helingus/ son to Edward the outlaw that was Edmund Irensydes son to be kyngr/ because he was of the most kyndest kings blood of the realm. But Harold through the earl Godwyn his father & through other great lords of the realm that were of his kin/ seized all England in to his hands/ & anon let crown him king after the burying of saint Edward. ¶ This Hatold that was godwyn's son two year afore saint Edward died he would have gone in to Flaundres/ but he was driven by tempest in to the country of Pountyf/ & there he was taken & brought to duke William. And this Harold wend that duke William would have been avenged on him/ because that harold father had let slay Alured saint Edward's brother/ & principally because Alured was son to queen Emma that was Rychardes' mother duke of Normandy that was grandfader to duke William. Nevertheless he did not so/ for as moche as Harold was a noble & a wise knight/ & that his father & he were accorded with saint Edward/ therefore he would not misdo him/ but allowed all thing ordained between them. Harold by his good will swore upon a book & upon holy saints that he should spouse & wed duke Wyllyams' daughter after the death of saint Edward/ & that he should do his busy cure to save & keep the realm of England unto the profit & advantage of duke William. And when Harold had thus made his oath unto duke William he let him go free out of prison/ & gave him many rich gifts. And than he departed thence & came in to england/ and anon did in this manner when saint Edward was deed as a falls forsworn man let crown himself king of England and falsely broke the covenant that he had made before with duke William/ wherefore he was wonders wroth with him & swore that he would be avenged upon him what somever him befell. And anon duke William let assemble a great host & came in to England to avenge him upon Harold/ & to conquer the land if that he might. ¶ And in the same year that Harold was crowned Harald Hare strenge king of Denmark arrived in scotland/ & thought to have been king of England/ & he came in to england & rob & slew all that he might/ till that he came to York/ and there he slew a. M. men of arms/ and an hundred priests. ¶ When these tidings came to the king he assembled a great power/ & went for to fight with harald of Denmark/ & with his own hands he slew him/ & the danes were discomfited. And those that were left alive with moche sorrow fled to their ships. And thus king Harold of England slew king Harald of Denmark.    

¶ Here came the Normans and expulsed Harold a Saxon. 
Wilhelums conquestor.   

¶ Anno dni. M lxuj  
¶ How William bastard duke of Normandy came in to England and slew king harold.  
ANd when this battle was done harold became so proud that he would no thing part with his people of any thing that he had gotten/ but held it all to himself/ wherefore the most part of his people were wroth and departed from him/ so that only were left with him but his soldiers. ¶ And upon a day as he sat at meet/ a messenger came to him & said that William bastard duke of Normandy was arrived in England with a great host/ & had taken all the land about Hastynges/ & also mined the castle. When the king had heard these tidings/ he went thither with a small power in all the haste that he might for there was but few people left with him. And when he was comen thither he ordained to give battle to the duke William. But the duke asked him of these three things/ if that he would have his daughter to wife as he had promised & sworn his oath/ or that he would hold the land of him in truage/ or that he would determine this thing in battle This Harold was a proud man and a strong/ & trusted moche in his strength and fought with the duke William & his people. But Harolde and his men were discomfited in that battle/ & himself there was slain. And this battle was ended at Toubrydge in the second year of his regne/ upon saint Calixtes day/ and so he was buried at waltham.   

¶ Of king William bastard/ & how he governed him well and wisely/ and of the war between him & the king of France.  
When William bastard duke of Normandy had conquered all the land of england/ upon christmas day next following he let him to be crowned king at westminster/ & was a worthy king/ & gave to englyssh men lands largely/ & to his knights. And afterward he went over the see & came in to Normandy/ & there dwelled a while. And in the second year of his regne he came again in to england/ & brought with him Maude his wife/ & let crown her queen of England on whit sunday. ¶ And than anon after the king of Scotlond that was called Mancolyn began to strive & war with the king William. And he ordained him toward Scotlond with his men both by land and by see for to destroy king Mancolyn. But they were accorded/ & the king of scotland became his man/ & held all his land of him. And king William received of him his homage and came again in to england. And when king William had reigned xvij year/ Maude the queen died/ on whom king William had begotten many fair children/ that is to say/ Robert courteous/ William Rous/ richard also that died/ Henry Beauclerk/ & Maude also that was the earls wife of Bleynes/ and other four fair daughters. And after his wives death there began great debate between him & Philip the king of France. But at the last they were accorded. And than dwelled the king of england in Normandy/ & no man him warred/ & he no man long tyme. ¶ And the king of France said upon a day in scorn of king William/ that he had long time lain in childbed/ & long time had rested him there. And this word came to the king of England where as he lay in Normandy at Roen. And for this word was he evil appayed & also wonders wroth toward the king of France & swore by god that when he were arisen fro chyldbedde he would light a thousand candles to the king of France. And anon let assemble a great host of Normans & of english men. And in the beginning of harvest he came in to France/ and brent all the towns that he came by through all the ●on̄tree/ and rob & did all the sorrow that he might through out all France/ & at the last he brent the cite of Mandos'/ & commanded his people to bear wood & bren as moche as they might/ & himself holp thereto all that he might with a good will. And there was great heat what of fire that was so great & of the son/ that it was wonders hot/ & stuffed him so that he became & fell in to a great sickness. And when he saw that he was so sore seek/ he assigned all Normandy to Robert courteous his son/ & all england to William Rous/ & bequeathed to Henry Beauclerk all his treasure. And when he had thus done/ he received all the sacraments of holy church/ & died the xxij year of his regne/ & lieth at Cane in Normandy.   

¶ Anno domini. M lxuj  
O Regory the vii was pope after Alexander twelve year. This man ordained a general sinody/ that no priest should have a wife/ ne should dwell with women/ but those that the sinody of Nicena & other decrees have suffered. And than the priests set little or nought by his ordinance. This man commanded that no man should here mass of a priest that had a concubine. And he on a certain time as he was cardinal & legate of France proceeded sharply against prelate's and priests that were symoners. And among other there was one bishop that was greatly famed with simony/ & those that accused him he hired privily to say the contrary/ the which the legate conceived/ & afore all the people he said. Let the judgement of this man cease at this time/ for it is deceivable/ & let god dispose for it/ & said thus. It is certain that the dignity of a bishop is the giver of the holy ghost And who somever buyeth a bisshopryche doth against the holy ghost. Than if thou bishop did not against the holy ghost/ say openly afore all the people Gloria patri et filio/ et spiritui saucto. And many times he began to say it/ but he could never speak spiritui sancto Than he was deposed of his bishopric. And after he could speak it well enough. ¶ Victor the third was pope after him one year. And this man was poisoned with venom in the chalice. ¶ Vrbanus was pope after him two year. This man cursed the king of France for his adultery. And he called a counsel at Clarun/ in the which he ordained that matins of our lady should be said every day/ and on saturday her solemn mass. And it is said that this was showed unto the monks of Charterhous. ¶ Also he called another cowseyle at Turam/ for the holy land to be won again/ & provoked the people to that thing. And within a little time after that/ the holy land was recovered & the glorious sepulere of our lord jesus Chryst/ & Anthiochia with many other noble cities were taken from the hands of the sarazens. And it is said & men believed that. CC. M. christen men went to the Journey. For there went of states old men & young/ rich & poor/ & no man compelled them. And this passage was made by the vision of our lady. And the princes of this people were divers. One was Godfrey of Bollyon the noblest man of all the world/ & a virtuous man. And an other was Bemond the duke of Naples. The third was Hugh the kings brother of France/ & many other the which did full nobly for the faith of god. And it were to long in this book to recherse the glorious acts that they did.   

¶ Of king William Rous that was king William bastards son/ that destroyed towns & houses of religion for to make the new forest.  
ANd after this William bastard reigned his son William Rous This William was a wonders contratyous man to god & holy church/ & let amend & make the town of Cardeis/ that the paynims had destroyed. This king William destroyed holy church & their possessions in what part he might fin be them. And therefore there was so moche debate between him and the archbishop of Caunterbury Ancelme/ because he cepreved him of his wickedness that he destroyed holy chitche. And for the cause the king bare to him great wrath and therefore exiled him out of this land And the archbishop than went to the court of Rome/ & there dwelled with the pope. ¶ And this king made the new forest/ and kest down & destroyed xxuj towns/ and lxxx houses of religion/ all for to make his forest longet & brother/ & became wonders proud & glad of his wood & forest/ & of the wild beasts that were within it/ that it was manuayle to wite/ so that men called him kepet of woods & pastors. And the longer that helyved/ the more wicked he became/ both to god & to all holy church/ & to all his nien. ¶ And this king let make the great hall of Westmynster. So upon a day at whitsuntide he held therein his first feast/ & he looked about him & said that the hall was to little by the halfedele. And at the last he became so contrarious that all thing that pleased god displeased him/ & all thing that god loved he hated deadly. ¶ And so it befell that he dreamed upon a night alytel or that he died/ that he was let blood/ & bred a great quantity of blood/ & a stream of it wept ●n high toward helen more than 〈◊〉 ●●deed fathom/ & the clearness of the day was 〈◊〉 ned unto ●yght & darkness/ & the 〈…〉 ament also. And when he awoke he had great dread/ so that he wist not what to do/ & told his dream to men of his counsel/ & said that he had great dread/ and supposed that to him was some mischance to come. ¶ And the second night before a monk dreamed of the household that the king went in to a church with moche people/ & he was so proud/ that he despised all the people that were with him/ and that he took the image of the crucifix and shamefully boat it with his teeth. And the crucifix meekly suffered all that he did. But the king as a wood man rend of the arms of the crucifix/ and kest it under his feet and defouled it/ and threw it all abroad. And a great flame of fire came out of the crucifix mouth. Of the which dream many men had great marvel & wonder. ¶ The good man that had dreamed this strange dream told it to a knight that was most privy with the king of all men/ & the knight was called Hanumdes. Soon the monk and he told the dream unto the king/ and said that it should betoken other thing than good. And nevertheless the king laughed therac twice or thrice/ and little set thereby/ & thought that he would go & hunt and play in the forest. And men counseled him that he should not go that day for no manner thing/ ne come in the wood/ so that he abode at home before meet. But anon as he had eaten/ no man might let him but that he would go unto the wood for to have his disport. And so it befell that one of his knights that hight Walter Tyrell would have short to a great heart/ & his arrow glansed upon a branch/ and through misadventure smote the king unto the heart. And so he fell down deed to the ground without any word speaking/ and so ended his life days. And it was no mecuayle for the day that he died he had let to ●erme the archebysshopryche of Caunterbury/ and twelve abbeys also/ and ever more did great destruction to holy church through wrongful taking and asking. For no man durst withstand that he would have done/ & of his lewdness he would never withdraw/ neither amend his life. And therefore god would suffer him no longer to regne in his wickedness. And he had been king xiij year and vj. weeks/ & lieth at Westmynster.   

¶ Anno d●i. M lxxxviij  
paschal was pope after Vrbanus xviij. year and .v. months/ the which the xiij year of his bysshoprych with his cardynaiss was put in prison by the emperor Henry the fourth. And they might not be delivered till the pope had sworn that he should keep peace with him/ & that he should never curse him. And on that promise the pope gave the emperor a privilege. And the year after the pope dampened that preuplege/ and said on this wise. Let us comprehend all holy scripture the old testament & the new/ the laws & the prophets/ the gospel & the canons of apostles/ & all the decrees of the pope's of Rome/ that the they held I hold/ & that that they dampened I damn/ & most specially that privy league granted to Henry the emperor/ the which rather is granted to venge his malice/ than to multiply his patience in virtue/ for evermore I damn that same privilege.   

¶ Of king Henry beauclerke that was William Rous brother/ & of the debate between him & Robert courteous his brother.  
ANd when this William Rous was deed/ Henry beauclerk his brother was made king/ because that William Rous had no child 〈◊〉 of his body/ & this Henry Beauclerk was crowned king at London the fourth day after that his brother was deed/ that is is say/ the fifth day of August. ¶ And anon as Ancelme that was archbishop of Caunterbury being at the court of Rome heard tell that William Rous was deed/ he came again in to England/ & king Henry Beauclerk welcomed him honourably. And the first year that he reigned he spoused Maude that was Margaretes' daughter the queen of Scotlo●de/ & the archbishop Ancelme of Caunterbury wedded them. And this king begat upon his wife two sons & a daughter/ that is to say/ William & Richard and Maude. And this Maude was afterward the empress of almain. And in the second year of his regne/ his brother Robert courteous duke of Normandy came with an huge host in to england for ●● challenge the land. But through counsel of the wise men of the land/ they were accorded in this manner. That the king should give his brother the duke a. M. pound every year/ & which of them lived longest should be others heir/ & so between them should be no debate nor strife. And when they were thus accorded/ the duke went home again in to Normandy. And when the king had reigned four year there arose a great debate between him and the archbishop of Caunterbury Ancelme. For because that the archbishop would not graū●e him to take tallage of churches at his will/ & therefore the archbishop Ancelme went again over the see unto the court of Rome/ & there he dwelled with the pope. And in the same year the duke of Normandy came in to England to speak with his brother. And among all other things the duke of Nor mandy forgave unto the king his brother the foresaid. M. pound that he should pay unto the duke. And with good love the king & the duke departed/ and than the duke went again in to Normandy. And when two year were gone/ through the entycement of the devil & of lewd men a great debate arose between the king and the duke/ so that through counsel the king went over the see in to Normandy. And when the king was comen in to Normandy/ all the great lords of Normandy turned unto the king of England/ and held against the duke their own lord/ & forsook him/ yielding them unto the king/ with all the good castles & towns of Normandy. And soon after was the duke taken & led with the king in to England/ and the king let put the duke in to prison. And this was the vengeance of god. For when the duke was in the holy land/ god gave him such might & grace/ that he was chosen for to have been king of jerusalem/ and he forsook it/ & would not take it upon him And therefore god sent him that shame & despite for to be put in to his brother's prison. Than ceased king Henry all Normandy in to his hands/ & held it all his life tyme. And in the same year came the bishop Ancelme from the court of Rome in to England again. And the king & he were accorded. ¶ And in the year next coming after there began a great debate between king Philip of France and king Henry of england. Wherefore king Henry went in to Normandy/ and there was ●ronge war between them two. And than died the king of France and Louis his son was made king anon after his death. And than went king Henry again in to England/ & married ●a●de his daughter to Henry the emperor of Almaigne.   

¶ Of the debate that was between king Louis of France and king Henry of England/ & how king Henry's two sons were drowned in the hy● se●.  
When king Henry had been king xvij. year/ a great debate arose between king Louis of France & king Henry of England/ because the king had sent in to Normandy to his men that they should be helping unto the earl of Bloyes as much as they might in war against the king of France/ & that they should be as ready to him as they were to their own lord/ for because that the earl had spoused his sister dame Maude. And for this cause the king of France did much sorrow to Normandy. Wherefore the king of England was wonders wroth/ & in ha 〈…〉 went over the see with a great power/ and came in to Normandy for to defend that land. And the war between them lasted two year/ till at the last they two fought together/ and the king of France was discomfited/ and escaped away with moche pain/ and the most part of his men were discomfited and taken And the king did with them his pleasure/ & some of them he let go freely/ and some he let put to death. But afterward the two kings were accorded. When king Henry had wholly all the lo●de of Normandy & discomfited his enemies of France/ he returned again in to England with moche honour. And his two sons William & Richard would have comen after their father & went to the see with a great company of people. But or that they might come to land the ship stroke against a roche & broke in pieces/ & were all drowned that were therein/ save one m● that was in the same ship that escaped. And this was on saint ●atherynes day/ & these were the names of them that were drowned. William & Richard the kings sons the earl of Chestre Ottonell/ his brother Geffrey rydel/ Walter emurci/ Godfrey archdeken/ the kings daughter/ the countess of perches/ the kings niece/ the countess of Chestre/ & many other. When king Henry & other lords arrived in england and held these tidings/ they made sorrow enough/ & all their mirth & joy was turned in to mourning & sorrow.   

¶ How Maude the empress came again in to england/ & how she was afterward wedded to Geffrey the earl of Angeo.  
ANd when two year were gone that the earl had dwelled with the king/ the earl went from the king & began to war upon him/ & did moche harm in the land of Normandy/ & took there a strong castle/ & there he dwelled all the year. And than came to him tidings that Henry the emperor of Almaigne that had spoused Maude his daughter was deed/ & that she dwelled no longer in almain/ & that she would come again in to Normandy to her father. And when she was comen unto him/ he took her than to him & came again in to England/ & made the englishmen to do oath & feaute unto the empress. And the first man that made the oath was William the arch bishop of Caunterbury/ and that other David king of scotland/ & after him all the lords and barons of England. ¶ Also after that the noble earl of Angeo a worthy knight sent unto the king of England that he would grant him to have his daughter Maud the empress to wife And because that her father wist that he was a noble man/ the king granted him/ & consented thereto. And than took he his daughter & lad her in to Normandy/ & came to the noble knight Geffrey/ & there he spoused the foresaid Maude with moche honour. And the earl begat upon her a son that was called Henry the empress son And after when all this was done/ king Henry dwelled all the year in Normandy. And after that a long time a grievous sickness took him where through he died And this king Henry reigned xxxv year and four months. His heart was buried in the great church of our lady in Roen. And his body was brought with moche honour in to England/ and buried in the abbey of reading/ of that which he was founder.  
HEnricus the fourth was emperor in almain after Henry the third xv. year. This man put his own father in prison/ & there held him till he died He took pope Paschal with his cardinals and prysoned them/ as is said afore/ for the which cause (as it is supposed) he lacked issue. For he wedded the kings daughter of England Maude. But afterward he came to grace/ and all the laws of the church he resigned freely to Calixte the pope/ and besought him to give him in penance that he should never come again to his empire/ that he might have remission of his trespass. And after the opinion of many a man/ he was wilfully exiled/ and both he and his wife died at Chestre in England. ¶ Gelasius was pope after Paschal two year/ and fled from Henry the emperor in to Burgoyn/ and there decessed. This emperor chose benedict a spaniard to be pope/ the which strove with Calixtus. ¶ Calixtus was pope after him two year and five months. This Calixtus was the son of the duke of Burgoyne/ and was chosen in the place of Gelasius. And when he should come to Rome/ he took the foresaid Benedictus/ and made him to ride afore him shamefully. For he on a mule turned his face to the tail of the mule/ & held the tail in his hand as a bry●●● till he came through the cite/ & than he was put in prison. And the pope made peace with the emperor. ¶ Honorius was pope after him two year/ & little of him is written. ¶ Nora. ¶ Henry the fourth Emperor of Ann●yne decessed this time/ & was buried with his proge●ytours after some men with such an epi●aphe. Filius hic/ pater hic/ auus hic/ proauus ●acer istis. But it is likely to be truer that the Gerald saith in Itinerario wally. where he saith/ that after he had prisoned his carnal father & his spiritual father the pope with his cardinals/ after he was reconciled/ & wilfully he was exiled. And he left Maude his wife the kings daughter of England privily/ and lived an hermits life at Chestre ten year/ where he might live as no man knew him/ & he called himself Godiscallus/ the which godson is called. So the emperor went secretly away/ and Maude his wife the empress went to her father Henry in to Normandy/ where anon after she was wedded unto Geffrey plantagenet the duke of Andegamme/ upon whom he begat Henry the second that afterward was king of England/ under whom saint Thomas of Caunterbury reigned & died. ¶ Lotharius was emperor after Henry the fourth twelve year. And little of him is written/ but that he was mannerly to the church/ and that he subdued Roger the usurper of the kingdom of Cycyle. ¶ ●ag● de sancto Victore was a noble man this time at Paris and a noble doctor of the nation of Saxons. ¶ The order of saint john baptist at jerusalem began this time by the worshipful man Raymond/ mightily disposed unto the works of mercy. All this order made their way to serve poor men.   

¶ Anno domini. M. C xxxiiij  
INnocencius was pope after Honorius xiiij year & vij months This man was a very devout man/ & with such men he cöpanyed him. And he had strife vij year against Pyers of Lion/ that which named him Anoc●e●ū/ & by strength he took the poperyche/ the which Innocent saw/ & with two galeys fled in to France/ & was worshipfully received of saint Bernard/ the which that time had all the kings & princes in his hands/ and he provoked them for to bring this pope Innocent in to his dignity again. At the last all thing was cessed/ and his enemies were destroyed through the judgement of god/ & he was pope again/ and lived profitably/ and was buried at saint john de Latran.   

¶ How Stephen the was king Henry's sisters son was made king of england.  
AFter this king Henry that was the first/ was made king his nephew his sisters son Stephen earl of Bolloyn. For anon as he heard the ridings of his uncles death he passed the see & came in to England through counsel and help of many great lords of England (against their oath that they had made to Maude the empress) took the realm/ & let crown Stephen king of the land. And the archbishop William of Caunterbury that first made the oath of f●aute to Maud the empress set the crown upon Stephen's heed/ and him anointed/ & bishop Roger of Salysbury maintained the kings party in as much as he might. The first year that king Stephen began to regne/ he assembled a great host & went toward scotland for to have warred upon the king of Scotland. But he came against him in peace and in good manner/ and to him trusted/ but he made to him none ●omage/ for as much as he had made unto the empress Maud. And in the fourth year of his regne Maude the empress came in to england. And than began debate between king Stephen & Maude the empress. This Maude went to the rite of Nicholl/ & the king her besieged long time & might not speed/ so well the cite was kept & defended. And those that were within the cite subtilely escaped away without any manner of harm. And than took the king the cite/ & dwelled therein till Candelmas. And than came the barons the held with the empress/ that is to say/ the earl Randulf of Chestre/ the earl Robert of Glocestre/ Hugh Bygot/ Roberte of Morlay/ & these brought with them a strong power/ & fought with the king/ & gave him a strong battle/ in the which battle king Stephen was taken/ and set in prison in the castle of Brystowe.   

¶ How Maude the empress went fro Wynchestre unto Oxford/ and after she escaped to Walyngford/ & of the sorrow and disease that she had.  
When king Stephen was taken & brought in to ward in the castle of Brystowe/ this Maude the empress was made lady of all England/ and all men held her for lady of the land. But those of Kent held with king Stephen's wife/ & also William of Pree & his retinue helped them/ and held war against Maude the empress. And anon after the king of Scotlond came to them with an huge number of people. And than went they together to Winchestre where as the empress was/ & would have taken her. But the earl of Glocestre came with his power & fought with them. And the empress in the mean while the the battle dured escaped from them/ & went unto Oxford/ and there held her. And in that batayle was the earl of ●●o cestre discomfited & taken/ & with him many other lords. And for his deliverance was king Stephen delivered out of prison. And when he was delivered out of prison/ he went thence unto Oxford & besieged the empress the than was at Oxford. And the siege endured fro michaelmas unto saint Andrew's tyme. And the empress than let cloth her all in white l●nen cloth/ for because she would not be know 〈…〉. For in the same time was moche ●●owe & so she escaped by the Tamyse from her enemies. And from thence she went to Walyngforde/ & there held her. And the king would have besieged her/ but he had so moche to do with the earl Randulf of Chestre/ and with Hugh By got the strongly war/ red upon him in every place/ the he wist not whether for to turn. And the earl of Glocestre holp him with his power.   

¶ How Gaufryde the earl of Angel gave unto Henry the empress son all Normandy.  
ANd after this the king went unto Wylton/ and would have made a castle there. But than came to him the earl of Glocestre with a strong power/ & there almost he had taken the king/ but yet the king escaped with moche pain/ & William martel there was taken/ and for whose deliverance they gave unto the earl of Glocestre the good castle of Shyrborne that he had taken. And when this was done/ the earl Robert & all the kings enemies went unto Faringdon/ & began there to make a strong castle. But the king came thither with a strong power & drove him thence. And in the same year the earl Randulf of Chestre was accorded with the king/ and came unto the court at his commundement. And the earl wend safely for to come/ & the king anon let take him and put him in prison/ ● might never for no thing come out/ till that he had yielded up to the king the castle of Nicholl the which he had taken from the king with his strength in the xv. year of his regne. And Gaufryde the earl of Angeo gave up to Henry his son all Normandy. And in the year next following died the earl Gaufryd. And anon Henry his son returned again to Anglo/ & there was made earl with moche honour of his men of the land/ & to him did feaute and homage the most part of the land. And than was this Henry the empress son earl of Angeo/ and also duke of Normandy. ¶ In the same year was made a divorce between the king of France and the queen his wife that was right heir of Gascoigne/ for because the it was known & proved that they were sib and nigh of blood. And than spoused her Henry the empress son earl of Angeo & duke of Normandy & duke of Gascoigne. ¶ In the xviij year of this Stephen/ this Henry came into England with a strong power/ & began to war upon this king Stephen/ and took the castle of Malmesbury/ and did much harm And the king Stephen had so moche war/ that he wist not whether for to go. But at the last they were accorded through the archbishop Theobalde and other worthy lords of England/ upon this condition/ that they should depart the realm of England between them/ so that Henry the empress son should wholly have the half of all the land of England. And thus they were accorded and peace was cried through out all England. And when the accord was made between those two lords/ king Stephen became very sorry for because that he had lost half England/ & fell in to such a malady that he died in the xix year and. vii●. weeks & .v. days of his regne/ all in trouble & war/ & he lieth in the abbey of Feversham/ the which he let make in the uj year of his regne.  
CElestinus the second was pope after Innocent .v. months/ & little he did. ¶ Lucius was after him/ & little profited/ for they died both in a pestilence. ¶ Eugenius the second was pope after him .v. year &. iii●. months This man first was the disciple of saint bernard/ and after the abbot of saint Anastasy by Rome/ & came to the church of saint Cesary/ & was chosen pope by the cardinals/ he no thing knowing thereof/ and for dread of the senators he was consecrated without the cite. This man was an holy man/ & suffered tribulation. And at the last with moche holiness he deceased/ and lieth at saint Peter'S. And anon after decessed saint Bernard. ¶ Petrus Lombardus the bishop of Paris/ brother to Gracian compiled the four books of the sentence this tyme. ¶ Petrus commestor brother to Grarian & to Pyers Lombarde made historiam scolastican/ & other books. ¶ Frederi●us primus after Conradus was emperor in almain and in Rome xxxiij year. This man after the death of Adryan the pope the which crowned him did cursedly with Alexander to him great prejudice For he did help four the strove against the apostles sect. And he fought mightily against the king of France/ through power of the danes & other nations. But Richard the king of england holp for to expulse him. And he destroyed Medio lanii to the ground/ of the which circ the walls were higher than the walls of any other cite. This man at the last after that he had done many vexations to the pope he was reconciled. For he dread lest the lombards would have rebelled against him/ he asked forgiveness of the pope/ & took the cross upon him/ & went to the holy land/ & did many marvelous things there/ almost as much as ever did Ka rolus magnus. And there he came by a town that men called Armeniam/ & in a little water he was drowned/ & at Tirun he was buried. ¶ Anastasius was pope after Eugenius four year and more This man was abbot of Rufy/ & than he was chosen cardinal/ & after pope.   

¶ Of king Henry the second that was the empress son/ in whose time saint Thomas of Caunterbury was chancellor.  
ANd after this king Stephen reigned Henry the empress son and was crowned of the archbishop Theobald the xvij day before christmas. And in the same year Thomas Beket of London archbishop of Caunterbury was made the kings chancellor of England. The second year the he was crowned he let cast down all the new castles that were longing to the crown the which king Stephen had given to divers men/ & them had made earls and barons for to hold with him/ & to help him against Henry the empress son. ¶ And the fourth year of his regne he put under his own lordship the king of Wales. And in the same year the king of scotland had in his own hands/ that is to say/ the city of Karleyll/ the castle of Bamburgh/ & the new castle upon Tyne/ & the earldom of Lancastre ¶ The same year the king with a great power went in to Wales/ & let cast down woods & made ways/ & made strong the castle of Rutlonde Basingwarke/ & among the castles he made an house of the temple. ¶ And in the same year was Richard his son born/ that afterward was earl of Oxford. And the fourth year of his regne he made Gaufryde earl of britain. And in that year he changed his money. ¶ And in the uj year of his regne he lad a great host to Tolouse and conquered it. And the vij year of his regne died Theobald the archbishop of Caunterbury. And than almost all the cite of Caunterbury through mischief was brent. ¶ The ix year of his regne Thomas Beket that was his chancellor was chosen archbishop of Caunterbury. And upon saint Bernardes' day he was sacred. And in the year was borne the kings daughter Elenore. ¶ And in the ten year of his regne saint Edward the king was translated with much honour. ¶ And the xi year of his regne he held his parliament at Northampton/ and fro thence fled saint Thomas arch bishop of Caunterbury for the great debate that was between the king & him. For if he had been found on the morrow he had been slain/ & therefore he fled thence with three fellows on foot only/ that no man wist where he was/ & went over the see to the pope of Rome. And this was the principal cause. For as much as the king would have put clerks to death the were attainted of felony/ wout any privilege of holy church. And the twelve year of his regne was john his son borne. And the xiij. year of his regne died Maud the empress the was his mother. The xiiij year of his regne the duke of Saxon spoused Maude his daughter/ & he begat upon her three sons/ the is to say/ Henry/ Othus & William. And the xu year of his regne died the good earl Robert of Glocestre the founded the abbey of nuns of Eton. And in the sane year Mark king of jerusalem conquered Babylon. ¶ And the xv●. year of his regne/ he let crown his son Henry at westminster/ & him crowned Roger the archbishop of york/ in harming of Thomas the archbishop of Caunterbury/ wherefore the same Roger was accursed of the pope.   

¶ Of king Henry the was son of king Henry the empress son/ & of the debate that was between him and his father/ while that he was in Normandy.  
AFter the coronation of king Henry the son of king Henry the empress son/ that same Henry the empress son went over in to Normandy/ & there he let mary Elonore his daughter to the Dolfyn that was king of almain. ¶ And in the vij year that the archbishop saint Thomas had been outlawed the king of France made the king & saint Thomas accorded. And than came Thomas the archbishop of Caunterbury again to his own church. And this accord was made in the beginning of advent. And afterward he was slain & martyred the fifth day of christmas next following. For king Henry thought upon saint Thomas the archbishop upon christmas day as he sat at his meet and these words said. That if he had any good knights with him/ he had been many a day passed avenged upon the archbishop Thomas. And anon sir william Breton/ sir Hugh Moruyle/ sir William Tracy/ & sir Reynold fitz vrse beers son in english/ privily went to the see and came in to england unto the church of Caunterbury/ & there they him martyred at saint Benet's altar/ in the mother church. And that was in the year of the incarnation of jesus Chryst. M. C lxxij year. ¶ And anon after Henry the new king began to make war upon Henry his father and upon his brethren William & Othus. And so upon a day the king of France & all the kings sons and the king of Scotlond/ & the greatest lords of England were risen against king Henry the father. And at the last as god would he conquered all his enemies And the king of France & he were accorded. And than sent king Henry the father specially unto the king of France/ and prayed him heartily for his love that he would send to him the names by letter of them the were the beginner's of the war against him. And the king of France sent again to him by letter the names of them that began the war. The feast was john his son & Richard his brother/ and Henry the new king his son. Than was king Henry wonders wrot● & cursed the time the ever he bega●e them. And while the war lasted Henry his son the new king died/ sore repenting his misdeeds/ and most sore we made of any man/ for because of saint Thomas death of Canterbury & prayed his father with moche sorrow of her●e mercy for his trespass. And his father forgave him/ and had of him p●●e. And after he died the xxxuj year of his ●rgne and lieth at reading.   

¶ How the christian men lost the holy land in the foresaid kings time through a falls christian man the became a saracen.  
ANd while this king reigned the great battle was in the holy l●de between the christian men & the saracens but the christian men were there slain through great treason of the earl ●yrpe the would have had to wife the queen of jerusalem/ thou sometime was Baldewyns wife/ but she forsook him/ & took to her lord a knight a worthy man the was called sir Gnyperches. Wherefore the earl Tyrpe was wroth/ & went anon right to Saladyne the was sultan of Babylon & became his man/ & forsook his christian dom/ & all christian law. And the christian men wist not of his deeds/ but wend for to have had great help of him as they were wont to have before. And when they came to the battle/ this falls christian man turned to the sarazens/ & forsook his own nation. And so were the christen men overcomen with the saracens. And thus were the christian men slain and put to horrible death/ and the cite of jerusalem destroyed/ and the holy cross borne away. ¶ The king of France & all the great lords of the land let them be crossed for to go to the holy land. And among them went Richard king Hen ryes son first after the king of France that took the cross of the archbishop of Tours. But he took not the viage at that time/ for because the he was let by other manner ways & needs to be done. And when king Henry his father had reigned xxxvi. year & .v. months & four days he died/ and lieth at Founteverard.   

¶ Anno dni. M. C luj  
ADrianus the fourth was pope after Anastasius .v. year. This pope was an english man/ and the voice of the common people saith he was a bondman to the abbot of saint Albon in england. And when he desired to be made a monk there/ he was expulsed/ and he went over the see/ & gave him to study & to virtue/ and after was made bishop of Albanacens. Than he was made legate in to the land of Wormacian/ & he converted it to the faith. Than he was made pope. And for the woundyng of a cardinal he enterdited all the cite of Rome. And he cursed William the king of Cecyle/ & caused him to submit him This man the first of all the pope's with his cardinals dwelled in the old cite. ¶ Alexander the third was pope after him twelve year. This Alexander had strife xvij. year/ & the four strivers that the emperor set against him/ he overcame them/ & cursed them/ & all died an evil death. This man also accorded frederik the emperor & Emanuel of constantinople/ & the king of Siculorum. And this man nourished saint Thomas of Caun terbury in his exile. ¶ Nota. ¶ Saint Bernard was canonized by this Alexander/ & his abbot forbade him the he should do no more miracles/ because there was so mighty concourse of people. And he obeyed to him when he was deed/ and did no moo. ¶ Lucius the third was pope after Alexander four year and two months/ & of him little is written. In his days decessed Henry the first son to Henry the second/ & this is his epytaphe. Ois honoris honos: decor & decus: urbis et orbis. Militie splendour glia lumen apex. julius ingenio/ virtutibus hector. Achilles viribus. Augustus moribus. Ore Paris. ¶ Vrbanus the third was pope after Lu. cius two year. This man decessed for sorrow when he herd tell the Jerusalem was taken with the saracens. ¶ Gregorius the eight was pope after him four months/ & he practised mightily how jerusalem might be won again/ but anon he deceased. ¶ Clemens the third was pope after him three year/ & little he did.   

¶ Of king Richard that conquered all the holy that christian men had lost.  
AFter this king Henry reigned Richard his son/ which was a stout man & a strong and a worthy and also bold. And he was crowned at Westmynster of the archbishop Baldewyn of Caunterbury/ the third day of September. And the second year of his regne king Richard himself and Baldewyn the archbishop of Caunterbury/ and Hubert-bysshop of Salysbury / and Randulferle of Glocestre/ and many other lords of England went in to the holy land. And in that viage deceased the archbishop of Caunterbury. And king richard went before in to the holy land/ and rested not till that he came forth in his way unto Cipers/ & took it with great force. And after that king Richard went forth toward the holy land/ and gate there as much as the christian men had lost before/ & conquered the land again through great might/ save only the holy cross. And when king richard came to the cite of Acres for to get the cite/ there arose a great debate between him & the king of France/ so that the king of France went again in to France/ & was wroth toward king Richard. But yet for all that or king richard went again he took the city of Acres. And when he had taken it/ he dwelled in the cite a while But to him came tidings that the earl john of Oxford his brother would have seized all England in to his hands/ & Normandy also/ & would crown himself king of all the land. When king Richard heard these tidings he came toward England with all the speed that he might. But the duke of ostrich met with him/ & took him & brought him unto the emperor of almain. And the emperor put him in prison. And of terward he was delivered for an huge ransom/ that is to say/ an hundred. M. pound. For the which ransom to be paid each other chalice of england was melted & made in to money. And all the monks of the order of Cisteaux gave all their books through out all England for to be sold/ for to pay the ransom.   

¶ How king Richard came again from the holy land/ and avenged him on his enemies.  
Whiles this king richard was in prison/ the king of France warred upon him strongly in Nor mandy. And john his brother warred upon him in england. But the bishops and barons of england withstood him with all the power that they might get and took the castle of Wyndsore & other castles. And the foresaid john saw that he had no might ne power against the barons of england for to fight but anon went him over the see unto the king of France. And when king richard came out of prison and was delivered & came in to england anon after Candelmasse in great haste he went unto Notyngham/ & the castle of Nottingham to him was yielded. And than discomfited he his brother john and all those that held with him. And after he went unto the city of Wynchestre and there he let him to be crowned king of England. And after he went unto Nor mandy for to war upon the king of France. And when the king of France heard that/ he came with fyur hundred knights toward Gysors. And king richard met him and would have given him battle. But the king of France anon fled/ and an hundred of his knights were taken & two hundred horses that were trapped with y●en ¶ And anon after went king Richard for to besiege the castle Gayllard. And upon a day as he road by the castle for to take advisement of the castle one of the arbalastres smore him with a quarrel that was envenomed. And king Richard drew out the shaft of the quarrel but the quarrels heed abode still in his heed/ and it began for to rankle/ that he might not help himself ne move his arms. And when he wist that he had deaths wound upon him/ and that he might not be hole for no manner thing he commanded anon all his men sharply to assail the castle/ so the the castle was taken or the he died/ & so manly his men did that all were taken the were within. And the king did with them his will/ & commanded his men to bring before him the man the so had wounded him. And when he came before him the king asked him what was his name. And he said my name is Bertram gurdon. Wherefore (said the king) hast the slain me/ sith I did the never no harm. Sir said he/ though ye did me never none harm/ ye yourself with your hands slew my father & my brother/ & I therefore have quit you now your travail. Than said king Richard/ he the died upon the cross to bring man's soul fro the pains of hell/ forgive the my death/ & I also forgive it the. Than he commanded the no man should misdo him. But for all the kings defending/ some of his men followed him/ & privily slew him. And the uj day after the king did shrive him & sore repent him of his misdeeds/ & was houseled & anointed/ & had reigned but ix year & xxxix weeks/ & died and lieth beside his father at Founteverard.  
HEnricus the fifth was emperor viij. year. This Henry was son to Frederik/ & he wedded Constans the kings daughter of Cecile. And through the occasion of her he subdued all the kingdom of Apulie/ & drove out all the inhabitants thereof. ¶ Celestinus the third was pope after Clemens almost three year This man was crowned on easter day & the day following he crowned Henry the emperor/ & he made a palace at saint Peter's/ & decessed. ¶ Innocencius the third was pope after him eight year & v. months. This man was well lettered & he made a book of the wretchedness of man's condition. And he made speculum miss/ and he made many constitutions. This man dampened the book of john joachim/ the which he made against master Pyers Lombard the maker of the sentence. ¶ This time deceased the emperor Henry/ and the princes of almain discorded/ for some chose Otto/ & some chose Philip brother to Henry. Than Philip was falsely slain/ & Otto was crowned of Innocent in France/ the which anon gave battle to the Romans because they gave him no due honour. And for the cause against the pope's will he took the kingdom of Apulie from frederik/ wherefore the pope cursed him. Than after the fourth year of his regne the princes of almain made frederik emperor/ and victoriously he subdued Otto. ¶ William of Paris this time began the order of the freres austyn's/ the which been called freres mendicantes. ¶ Franciscus an ytalyan a man of great perfection/ and an ensample to many a man did many a miracle this time/ & he ordained the freres minours. ¶ And the uj year of pope Innocent the third the order of the freres prechours began under Dominik/ but it might not be confirmed till the first year of Honorius.   

¶ Of king john that in the first year of his regne lost all Normandy.  
Because king Richard had none heir son ne daughter after his death: they made john his brother king/ & crowned him at Westmynster by Hubert the archbishop of Caunterbury. And when he began to regne/ he became so marvelous a man the he went over in to Normandy/ & warred upon the king of France. And so long they warred together till at the last king john lost all Normandy & Angeo/ wherefore he was sore annoyed: & it was no marvel. Than let he assemble before him at London archbishops / bishops/ abbots & priors earls & barons/ & held there a great parliament/ & asked there of the clergy the tenth of every church of England for to conquer Normandy and Angeo again that he had lost. They would not grant that thing/ wherefore he was wonders wroth. ¶ In the same time died Hubert Than the prior & the covent of Caunterbury chose against the kings will to be archbishop master Stephen of Langton a good clerk/ that dwelled at the court of Rome/ and sent to the pope their election. And the pope confirmed it/ & sacred him at Viterbi. When the king wist of these tidings/ he was wonders wroth/ & drove the prior & the covent fro Caunterbury/ & exiled them out of the land/ & commanded the no letter nor commandment that came fro Rome should be received ne pleaded in england. When the pope herd this/ he sent to king john his letters/ & prayed him lovingly to receive Stephen the archbishop of Caunterbury to his church/ & suffer the prior & his monks to come again to their own dwelling. But the king would not grant it for no thing.   

¶ How king john would no thing do for the pope's commandment/ wherefore all England was interdicted & suspended.  
ANd at the last the pope sent by his authority/ & enjoined to the bishops of England/ the if the king would not receive the prior of Caunterbury & his monks/ that they should do general enterdyting through out all England & granted full power to four bishops to pronounce the interditing if it were need. The first was bishop William of London/ & that other bishop Eustace of Ely/ the third was bishop Walter of Wynchestre/ & the fourth was bishop Gyles of Herford/ & these four bishops prayed the king kneeling on their knees & sore weeping that he would do the pope's commandment/ & showed him the pope's bulls of the enterd●●ȳg. But for no prayer the they might pray he would not consent thereto. wherefore the bishops saying this departed thence/ & on the morrow of the Annunciation of our lady they pronounced the general interditing through all England/ so the the church doors were shut. When the enterditing was pronounced the king for anger took the four bishops lands in to his hands/ & all the clergy of england/ & ordained men to keep it/ the the clerks might not have their living. Wherefore the bishops cursed all them the should meddle with the goods of holy church against the will of the owners. Than the iiij. bishops saying the malice of the king went over the see to Rome & came to the archbishop of Caunterbury/ & told him all thing. And the archbishop bade them return again to Caunterbury/ & he would either come or send to them in his stead the should do as much as if he himself were there. And when the bishops heard this they returned again in to England/ & came to Caunterbury. The tidings came to the king the the bishops were come again to Caunterbury/ & himself might not come thither the time/ he sent thither bishops/ earls & abbots for to treat with them the the king should receive the archbishop Stephen/ & the prior & all the monks of Caunterbury/ & the he should never after the time no thing take of holy church against the will of them the oweth the goods/ & the the king should make full amends to them/ of whom he had any goods taken/ & the holy church should have all franchise/ as farforth as they had in saint Edward's time the confessor.   

¶ How Stephen of Langton came again in to england through the pope's commandment/ & how he went again.  
 
When the form of accordment was thus ordained/ it was in a pair of indentures/ & they put their seals to y● one part/ & they that came in the kings name put their seals to that other part of the indentures/ and four bishops afore said took that one part of the indentures to them/ & that other part they bore with them to show to the king. ¶ When the king saw the form & understood it/ he held him full well apaid of all manner things as they had ordained/ saving as touching to make restitution again of the goods to that thing he would not accord/ & so he sent word again to the four vysshops that they should put out y● one point of restitution. But they answered that they would not put out one word. Than sent the king to the archbishop by the four bishops that he should come to Caunterbury for to speak with him there/ & sent to him safeconduyt under pledges/ that is to say his justices Gilbert Poitevin/ William de la Brener/ & john fitz Hugh/ that in their conduit safely he should come/ & go again at his own will. And in this manner the archbishop Stephen came to Caunterbury. When the archbishop was comen/ the king came to Chilham for he would come no near Caunterbury at the tyme. But he sent by his treasurer bishop of Wynchestre that he should do out of the indentures the clause of restitution for to make of the goods. And the archbishop made his oath that he would not do out one word thereof/ ne yet change of that the bishops had spoken & ordained. And than the archbishop went again to Rome without any more doing. ¶ King john was than more angrier than ever he was before/ and let make a common cry through out all England that all those that had holy churches rents & went over the see/ that they should come again in to England at a certain day or else they should lose all their rents for ever more/ & that he commanded to every sheryve through out all England/ that they should inquire if any bishop/ abbot/ prior/ or any other prelate of holy church/ from that day afterward receive any commandment that cometh fro the pope/ that they should take the body and bring it before him/ and that they should take in the kings hands all their lands of holy church that were given to any man by the archbishop Stephen or by the prior of Caunterbury from the time of the election of the archbishop. And commanded that all the woods that were the archbishops should be casten down to the ground/ and all sold.   

¶ How king john destroyed the order of Cisteaux.  
ANd in the same year the irish men began to war upon king john/ & king john ordained him for to go in to ireland/ & let arere an huge tax through out all england/ that is to say xxxv thousand mark. And thus he sent through out all England unto the monks of the order of Cisteaux that they should help hy o● uj M. mark of silver. And they answered & said that they durst no thing do without their chief abbot of Cisteaux. Wherefore king John when he came again from ireland did them so much sorrow & care that they wist not where to abide/ for he took so moche ransom of every house of them/ that the sum amounted to ix M. iij. C. mark/ so that they were clean lost & destroyed/ and voided their houses & their lands through out all England. And the abbot of Waversay dread so much his menace that he forsook the abbey & went thence/ & privily ordained him over the see to the house of Cisteaux. When the tidings came to the pope that the king had done so moche malice/ than was he toward the king full wroth/ & sent two legates unto the king/ that one was called Pandulf/ & that other Durant/ that they should warn the king in the pope's name/ that he should cease of his persecution that he did unto holy church/ and amend the wrong & the trespass that he had done to the archbishop of Caunterbury/ & to the prior & to the monks of Caunterbury/ and to all the clergy of England/ and that he should restore all the goods again that he had taken of them against their will/ or else they should curse him by name. And to do this thing & to con firm/ the pope took them his letters in bulls patentes. These two legates came in to England/ & came to the king to Northampton/ where as he held his parliament/ & full courteously they him sa lewd & said. Sir we come fro the pope of Rome/ the peas of holy church and the land to amend. And we admonest you first in the pope's behalf/ that y● make full restitution of the goods that ye have ravished & taken of holy church & of the land/ & that ye receive Stephen archbishop of Caunterbury in to his dignity and the prior of Caunterbury and his monks/ & that ye yield again unto the archbishop all his lands and rents without any with holding. And sir yet more over/ that ye shall make rest 〈…〉 yond unto all holy church/ whereof they shall hold them well apaid. Than answered the king as touching the prior & his monks of Caunterbury/ all that ye have said I will do gladly/ & all thing that ye will ordain. But as touching the archbishop I shall tell you as it lieth in my heart. That the archbishop leave his archebysshopryche/ & that the pope than for him would pray/ & than upon adventure me should like some other bishopric to give him in England. And upon this condition I will him accept and receive. And nevertheless in England as archbishop if he abide/ he shall never have so good safecōdu●te but that he shall be taken. Than said Pandulf unto the king. Sir holy church was never wont to discharge an archbishop without cause reasonable. But ever it hath be wont to chastise princes that to god and holy church were inobedient. What how now quoth the king/ menace ye me. Nay said Pandulf/ but ye now openly have told as it standeth in your heart. And to you we will tell what is the pope's will. And thus it standeth that he hath you wholly interdicted & accursed/ for the wrongs that ye have done to holy church & to the clergy. And for as much as ye dwell & be in will to abide in malice & in wretchedues/ & will not come out thereof/ 〈◊〉 to none amendment. ye shall understand that this time afterward the sentence is upon you given & holdeth stead & strength & upon all though that with you have commoned before this time/ whether they be 〈…〉 es barons or knights/ or any other what so ever that they be/ we them assoil safely unto this day. And fro this time afterward of what condition somever that they be/ we them accurse that with you common any word/ & we do sentence upon them openly & specially. And we assoil clean earls/ barons/ knights/ & all other men of their homages/ service/ & fealties that they should unto you do. And this thing to confirm we give plain power to the bishop of Wynchestre & to the bishop of Norwyche. And the same power we give in to scotland to the bishops of Rochestre & of Salysoury. And in Wales we give the same power to the bishops of saint David & of Landaf & of saint Ass. And more over we send through out all christendom/ that all the bishops beyond the see/ that they do accurse all those that help you or that any counsel giveth you in any manner need that ye have to do in any part of the world. And we assoil all them also by the authority of the pope/ and command them also with you to fight as with him that is enemy to all holy church. Than answered the king/ what may ye do more to me. Than answered Pandulf/ we say to you in the word of god/ that ye nor none heir that ye have/ never after this day may be crowned. Than said the king/ by him that is almighty & I had wist this afore or that ye came in to my land that ye had brought me such tidings/ I should have made you tied all one year. Than said Pandulf/ full well wend we at our first coming that ye would have been obedient to god & holy church/ & have fulfilled the pope's commandment/ & now we have showed unto you & pronounced the pope's will as we were charged therewith. And as now ye have said/ that if ye had wist the cause of our coming/ that ye would have made us ride all an hole year/ and as well ye might have said that ye would have taken an hole year of respite by the pope's leave. But for to suffer what death ye could ordain/ we shall not spare for to tell you wholly all the pope's message & his will/ that we were charged with.   

¶ How Pandulf delivered a clerk that had falsed and counterfeited the kings money before the king himself.  
ANd anon the king commanded the sheriffs & baylyes of North hamton that were in the kings presence that they should bring forth all the prisoners/ that they might be done to death before Pandulf/ because the king wend that they would have gainsaid their deeds for cause of death all thing that he had spoken afore. When the prisoners were comen before the king/ the king commanded some to be hanged/ & some to be drawn/ & some to draw out their eyen of their heed. And among all other there was a clerk that had falsed the kings money. And the king commanded that he should be hanged & drawn. And when Pandulf heard this commandment of the king/ he start him up right quickly/ and anon asked a book and a candle/ and would have cursed the king/ and all them that would set upon the clerk any hand. And Paudulf himself went for to seek a cross. And the king followed him/ & delivered him the clerk by the hand/ that he should do with him what he would. And thus was the clerk delivered & went thence. And Pandulf and Durant his fellow went from the king/ and came again to the pope of Rome/ and told him that king john would not be amended/ but ever abode so accursed. And nevertheless the pope grasited the year through out all england that priests might sing masses in co venable churches/ & consecrated our lords body/ & give it to seek men which were likely to pass out of this world/ & also that men might thrysten children over all the land. And when the pope wist & saw that the king would not be under the rule of holy church for no manner thing the pope than sent to the king of france in remission of his sins that he should take with him all the power that he might/ & go in to England for to destroy king john. When these tidings came to king john/ than was he sore annoyed & sore dread lest he should lose his realm/ & himself be done to death. Than sent he to the pope messengers/ & said he would be justified/ & come to amendment in all things/ & would make satisfaction to all manner men after the pope's ordyvaunce Than sent the pope again in to England Pandulf & other messengers/ & came to Caunterbury to the king/ & there abode. And the xiij day of may the king made an other for to stand to the pope's ordinance before Pandulf the legate/ in all manner of things in which he was accursed/ & that he should make full restitution to all men of holy church & of religion & of the goods that he had taken of them against their will. And all the great lords of england swore upon the book & by the holydome/ that if the king would not hold his oath/ they would make him by strength to hold it. Than the king put him to the court of Rome & to the pope & than gave he up the realm of england & of ireland for him & for his heirs for evermore that should come after him/ so that king john & his heirs should take those two realms of the pope's hands And should every year pay farm unto the court of Rome a thousand mark of silver. And than took the king the crown of his heed & set him on his knees and these words he said in hearing of all the great lords of england. Here I resign up the crown & the realm of england in to the hands of pope Inno cent the third/ & put me holy in to his mercy & in his ordinance. Pandulf than received the crown of king john/ & kept it .v. days as for a seizing taking of two realms of England and ireland And confirmed all manner things by his chartre that followeth after.   

¶ Of the letter oblygatory that king john made unto the court of Rome/ wherefore the Peter pens been gathered through out all England.  
TO all christian people throu●h out all the world dwelling. john by the grace of god king of England greeting to your university. And be it known that for as much as we have grieved & offended god & our mother church of Rome. And for as much as we have need unto the mercy of our lord jesus Chryst/ & also we may no thing so worthy offer as competent sa 〈…〉 to make to god & to holy church but 〈◊〉 it were our own body as with ●ur realms of England & of ireland. Than by the grace of god we desire to meek us for the love of him that meked him to the death upon the cross/ through counsel of the noble earls & barons we offer and freely grant to god & to the apostles saint Peter & saint Paul/ and to our mother church of Rome/ & to our holy father the pope Innocent the third/ & to all the pope's that come after him/ all the realms & patronages of churches of england & of ireland with their appertenauntes'/ for remission of our sins/ & for help & health of our kin souls & all christian souls. So that from this day afterward we will receive and hold of our mother thirche of Rome as fee farm/ doing feaute to our holy father pope Innocent the third/ & so to all the pope's that cometh after him in the same manner above said. And in the presence of the wise man Pandulf the pope's subdeken we make lyege homage/ as it were in the pope's presence & before him were/ and shall do all manner things above said/ & thereto we bind us/ & all that cometh after us & our heirs for evermore/ without any gainsaying to the pope/ & eke the ward of church vacauntes. And in token of this thing evermore for to last/ we will con farm & ordain/ that our special rents of the foresaid realm/ saving saint Peter's pens in all thing to the mother church of Rome paying by year a thousand mark of silver at two terms of the year for all manner customs that we should do for the foresaid realms/ that is to say at michaelmas/ and at Eester/ that is to say. seven. C. mark for England/ and three hundred mark for ireland/ saving to us & to our heirs our justyces/ and our other franchises/ & other royalties that pertaineth unto the crown. And these things that before been said/ we will that it be firm and stable without end. And to that obligation we & our successors and our heirs in this manner be bound/ that if we or any of our heirs through any presumption fall in any point against any of these things above said/ and he be warned and will not right amend him/ he shall than lose the foresaid realms for evermore. And that this chartre of obligation and our warrant for evermore be farm and stable without any gainsay enge/ we shall fro this day afterward be true to god and to the mother church of Rome/ and to the pope Innocent the third/ and to all them that cometh after him/ and the realms of England and of ireland we shall truly maintain in all manner points against all manner men by our power through god's help.   

¶ How the clerks that were outlawed of England came again/ & how king john was assoiled.  
When this chartre was made & ensealed/ the king received again his crown of Pandulfs hand/ & sent anon unto the archbishop Stephen/ & to all his other clerks and lewd men that he had exiled out of this land/ that they should come again in to England & have again their lands & also their rents/ & that he would make restitution of the goods that he had taken of theirs against their will The king himself than & Pandulf/ & the earls & barons went to wynchestre against the archbishop Stephen. And when he was comen the king went against him/ & fell down to his feet/ & thus to him said. Fair sir ye be welcome/ & I cry you mercy because that I have trespassed against you. The archbishop took him up though in his arms & kissed him courteously oftentimes/ & after lad him to the door of saint swithiness church by the hand/ & assoiled him of the sentence/ and him reconciled to god & to holy church. And that was on saint Margaretes' day. And the arch bishop anon went for to sing mass. And the king offered at the mass a mark of gold. And when the mass was done/ all they went to receive all their lands without any manner gainsaying. And that day they made all mirth and joy enough. But yet was not the interditing released/ because the pope had set that the interditing should not be done till the king had made full restitution of the goods that he had take of holy church And the himself should do homage to the pope by a tertayne legate that he should send into england. And than took Pandulf his leave of the king & the archbishop/ & went again to Rome. And the archbishop anon let come before him prelate's of holy church at reading for to treat & counsel how moche & what they should ask of the king for to make restitution of the goods that he had taken of them. And they ordained & said/ that the king should give to the archbishop three thousand mark for the wrong that the king had done unto him. And also by portions to other clerks xu M. mark. ¶ And this same time Nicolas bishop of Tuscan cardinal penytencer of Rome came in to England through the pope's commandment/ the .v. kalende of October/ & came to London the .v. nonas of October/ for because that king john & all the kings that came after him should evermore hold the realm of England & of ireland of god & of the pope/ paying to the pope by year as is above said.   

¶ How the interditing was undone in england/ & of the debate that was between king john & the barons of the realm  
When king john had done his homage to the legate that showed him the pope's letter that he should pay to julyan/ and yield again that was king Rychardes' wife the third part of the land of England & of ireland that he had with holden sith that king richard died. When king john heard this/ he was wonders wroth. For utterly the enterditing might not be undone till that he had made gree & restitution to the foresaid julyan of that she asked The legate than went again to the pope after christmas. And the king than sent messengers outr see to julian that was king Richard wife for to have a release of that she axed of him. ¶ And so it befell that julyan died anon after ●●ster. And in so much the king was quite of that thing that she asked. But than at the feast of saint john that came next after through the pope's commandment the enterditing was first released through out all England the vij day of july. And vij year was the land interdicted. And on the morrow men rung and said mass through out all London/ & so after through out all England. ¶ And the next year after there began a great debate between king john & the lords of England/ for because he would not grant the laws and hold/ the which saint Edward had ordained/ & had been used and holden unto that time that he had them broken. For he would hold no law but did all thing that him liked and disherited many men without consent of lords & peers of the land. And would disherit the good earl Radulf of hestre for because that he undertook him of his wickedness/ and for cause that he did so moche shame & villainy to god & to holy church. And also for he held & haunred his own brothers wife/ and lay also by manner other women great lords daughters/ for he spared no woman that him liked for to have. Wherefore all the fords of the land were wroth/ & took the city of London. To cease this debate the archbishop & lords of the land assembled before the feast of saint john baptist in a meadow beside the town of Stanes/ that is called Romney meed. And the king made them there a chartre of franchise/ such as they would ask/ and in such manner they were accorded And that accordment lasted not long. For the king himself soon after did against the poynces of the same chartre that he had made. Wherefore the most part of the lords of the land assembled them/ & began to war vyon him again and brent his towns & rob his folk and did all thesorowe that they might and made themself as strong as they might with all their power/ & thought to drive him out of England/ & make Louis the kings son of France king of England. And than king john sent over see/ and ordained so moche people or normans & of pyecardes and of flemings/ so that the land might not sustain them but with moche sorrow. And among all this people there was a man of Normandye that was called Faukes of Brent/ & this Norman & his company spared neither church ne house of religion but they brent and rob it & bore away all that they might take so that the land was all destroyed/ what on one side & what on another. The barons and lords of England ordained among them the best spekers and wisest men/ and sent them over the see unto king Philip of France/ and prayed him that he would send Louis his son in to England to be king of England and to receive the crown.   

¶ How Louis the kings son of france came in to England with a strong power of people to be king of England.  
When king Philip of France herd these tidings/ he made certain alliance between them by their common election that Louis king Philyps son of France should go with them in to Eng land and drive out king john of the land. And all that were in the presence of Louis made unto him homage and became his men. And the barons of England held them still at London/ and abode Louis the kings son of france. And this was the next batardaye brfore the Astention of our lord that Louis came into England with a strong power. And that time king john had taken all the castles of England in to aliens hands. And than came Louis and besieged rochesters castle/ & took it with streugthe. And the thursday in whitsun week let hang all the aliens that were therein. And the thursday after he came to London/ & there he was received with moche honour of the lords that abode him there/ & all to him made homage. And afterward on the tuesday next after trinity sunday he took the castle of Reigate/ and on the morrow after the castle of Gylforde/ & the friday next after the castle of Farneham. And the monday next after the city of wynchestre unto him was yoleden. And on the morrow after saint johans' day the manoyre of woluesey to him was yoleden. And the tuesday after the utas of saint Peter and saint Paul they took the castle of Odiham. And the monday after saint Margaretes' day/ he ordained him toward Bawmore for to siege the castle/ and there he dwelled xu days and might not get the castle/ and than went he thence and came to London/ & the tour to him was yoleden.   

¶ How the pope sent in to England a legate that was called Swalo/ and of the death of king john.  
ANd in the same time the pope sent in to englonde a legate that was called Swalo/ & he was priest cardinal of Rome for to maintain king john's cause against the barons of England. But the barons had so huge party and help through Louis the kings son of France that king john wist not whether to turn ne go. And so it befell that he would have gone to Nycholl/ & as he went thitherward he came by the abbey of Swynestede/ & there he abode two days. And as he sat at meet he asked a monk of the house how moche a loaf was worth that was set before him upon the table. And the monk said that the loaf was worth but an halfpenny. O said the king though/ here is great cheap of breed. Now quoth the king/ & I may live such a loaf shall be worth twenty shyllynges or half a year be gone. And when he had said these words/ moche he thought & oft he sighed/ & took and eat of the breed and said/ by god the words that I have spoken it shall be sooth. The monk that stood before the king was for these words full sorry in his heart/ & thought rather he would himself suffer death/ and thought how he might ordain therefore some manner remedy. And the monk anon went to his abbot/ & was shriven of him/ and told the abbot all that the king had said/ and prayed his abbot for to assoil him/ for he would give the king such a drink that all England should be glad thereof and joyful. Than went the monk in to a garden & found a great toad therein/ and took her up and put her in a cup/ and pricked the toad through with a brooch many times till that the venom came out on every side in the cup/ and than took the cup & filled it with good ale/ & brought it before the king and kneeling said. Sir quod he wassail/ for never the days of your life drank ye of so good a cup. Begin monk quoth the king. And the monk drank a great draft/ & after took the king the cup/ and the king also drank a great draft & set down the cup. The monk anon right went in to the farmery and there died anon/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. And .v. monks sing for his soul specially/ and shall whiles the abbey standeth. The king arose up anon full evil at ease/ and commanded to remove the table/ and asked after the monk. And men told him that he was deed/ and that his womb was broken in sunder. When the king heard this/ he commanded to truss/ but it was all for nought/ for his belly began to swell of the drink that he had drunken/ and within two days he died/ on the morrow after saint Luke's day. And this king john had many fair children of his body begotten/ that is to say/ Henry his son that was king after his father/ & richard that was earl of cornwall/ & Isabel that was empress of Rome/ & Elenour that was queen of scotland. And this king john when he had reigned xvij year and .v. months and .v. days he died in the castle of Newarke/ and his body was buried at Worcetter.   

¶ Anno domini. M. CC.  
FRedericus the second was emperor xxxiij year. This man was crowned of Honorius the pope against Otto/ because that he should fight with him/ the which he did/ & expulsed him. And first he nourished the church/ and after he spoiled it as a stepmother. Wherefore Honorius cursed him/ & all that were contrary to his opinion the pope assoiled. And the same sentence Gregory the ix renewed. And this same man put Henry his own son in prison/ and there murdered him. Wherefore when this emperor another season was seek/ by another son of his own he was murdered/ in the time of Innocent the fourth. ¶ Honorius the third was pope after Innocent ten year/ & confirmed the order of freres prechours & minours/ & made certain de●r●●alles.   

¶ Of king Henry the third that was crowned at Glocestre.  
ANd after this king john reigned his son Henry & was crowned at Glocestre when he was ix year old/ on saint Symons day & Jude of Swalo the legate of Rome/ through counsel of all the great lords that held with king john his father/ that is to say/ the earl Radulfe of Chestre/ William earl Martial earl of Penbroke/ William the Brener earl of Feriers. Serle the manly baron and all the other great lords of England held with Louis the kings son of France. ¶ And anon after when king Henry was crowned/ Swalo the legate held his counsel at Brystow at saint martyn's feast/ & there were xj bishops of England & of Wales/ and of other prelate's of holy church a great number/ and earls & barons and many knights of England/ & all those that were at that counsel swore feaute unto Henry the king that was king john's son. ¶ And anon after the legate interdicted Wales/ because they held with the brons of England/ also all those that holp or gave counsel to move war against the new king he accursed them And at the beginning he put in the sentence the kings son of France Louis. And nevertheless the same Louis would not spare for all that/ but went and took the castle of Barcamstede/ & also the castle of Herford. And from the day afterward the barons did there moche harm through out all england/ & principally the french men that were with Louis/ wherefore the great lords & all the common people of england let dress them for to drive out of England Louis and his company But some of the barons & of the french men were gone to the cite of Nycholl/ & took the town & held it to king Louis profit. But thither came king Henry's men with a great power/ that is to say/ the earl Radulfe of Chestre/ and William earl Martial/ and William the brener earl of Feriers/ & many other lords with them/ & gave battle unto Louis men. And there was slain the earl of Perches/ and Louis men were there foul discomfited. And there was taken Serle earl of Wynchestre/ & umfrey de Bowne earl of Herford/ & Robert the son of walter/ and many other that began war against the king/ there they were taken & lad unto king Henry that was king john's son. And when the tidings came to Louis of the discon fyture that was the kings son of france he removed from thence and went unto London/ and let shut fast the gates of the city. And anon after king Henry sent to the burgesses of London that they should yield them to him/ & the cite also and he would grant to them all their franchises that ever they were wont to have before/ & would confirm them by his great new chartre under his broad seal. ¶ And in the same time a great lord that was called Eustace the monk came out of France with a great company of lords/ & would have comen in to England for to have helped Louis the kings son of France. But Hubert of Burgh and the .v. ports with viii ships though met with them in the high see/ and assailed them eagerly/ and overcame them with strength/ and smote of the heed of Eustace the monk/ and took also ten great lords of france & put them in prison/ and slew almost all the men that came with them/ & anon drowned the ships in the see.   

¶ How Louis returned again in to France/ and of the confirmation of king johans' chartre.  
When Louis heard these tidings he dread sore to be deed & lost and let ordain & speak between the king & Louis by the legate Swalo And through the archbishop of Caunterbury & other great lords all the prisoners on that one part & on that other should be delivered & go quite/ & Louis himself should have for his costs a. M. pound of silver/ & should go out of England/ and never come again therein. And in this manner was the accord made between king Henry & Louis. And than was Louis assoiled of the pope's legate that was called Swalo of the sentence that he was in/ & the barons of England also. And after this king Henry & Swalo the legate & Louis went to Merton/ and there was the peas confirmed & between them ordained. And after Louis went fro thence to London/ & took his leave/ & was brought with much honour to the see with the archbishop of Caunterbury & with other bishops & earls & barons/ & so went Louis in to France. ¶ And afterward the king & the archbishop & earls & barons assembled them at London/ & at Mighelmas next following held there a great parliament/ & there were than renewed all the franchises that king john had granted at Romney meed/ & king Henry than confirmed by his chartre/ the which yet been holden through out all England. And in the time y● king took of every plough land two shillings. And Hubert of Burgh was than made chief justice of england And this was in the fourth year of king Henry's regne. And in the same year was saint Thomas of Caunterbury translated/ the l year after his martyrdom. ¶ And after it was ordained by all the lords of England that all aliens should go out of England & come no more therein. And king Henry took than all the castles in to his hands the king john his father had given & taken to aliens for to keep that held with him. But the proud Faukes of Brent richly let array his castle of Bedford/ which he had of king john's gift/ and he held that castle against king Henry's will with might & strength And the king came thither with a strong power and besieged the castle. And the archbishop master Stephen of long ton with a fair company of knights came to the king for to help him. And from the ascension of our lord unto the assumption of our lady lasted the siege/ and than was the castle won and taken. And the king let hang all those that were gone in to the castle which the●: good will for to hold the castle against him/ that is to say lxxx men. And than afterward Faukes himself was found in a church of coventry/ and there i● forswore all England with moche shame and than went again in to his own country. ¶ And whiles that king Henry reigned/ Edmonde of Abyndon that was treasurer of Salysbury was consecrate archbishop of Caunterbury. ¶ And this king Henry sent over see unto the earl of Provence that he should send him his daughter in to Englende that was called El●nore/ and he would spouse her. And so she came in to England after christmas/ and on the morrow after saint Hylaryes' day the archbishop Edmonde spoused them together at Westmynster with great solemnity. And there was a fair sight between them/ that is for to say/ Edward that was next king after his father flower of courtesy and of largesse/ and Margarete that was afterward queen of scotland/ and Beatryne that was afterward duchess of britain And Katherine that died a maid in religion.   

¶ Of the quinzeme of goods that were granted for the new charter/ and of the purucyaunce of Oxford.  
ANd thus it befell that the lords of England would have some additions moo in the chartre of franchise that they had of the king/ & spoke thus between them. And the king granted them all their asking/ & made to them two charters/ y● one is called the great charter of franchises/ & that other is called the chartre of forest. And for the grant of these two charters/ prelate's/ earls & barons/ & all the comyns of England gave to the king a. M. mark of silver. ¶ When king Henry had been king xiiij year/ the same year he & his lords/ earls & barons of the realm went to Oxford/ and ordained a law in amendment of the realm. And first swore the king himself and afterward all the lords of the land that they would hold the statute for ever more/ & who that them broke should be deed. But the second year after that ordinance/ the king through counsel of sir Edward his son & of Richard his brother that was earl of cornwall/ & also of other/ repent him of that oath that he had made for to hold that law & ordinance/ & sent to the court of Rome to be assoiled of that oath. ¶ And in the year next coming after was the great dearth of corn in england/ for a quarter of wheat was worth xxiiij shillings And the poor people eat nettyls & other weeds for great hunger/ & many a. M. died for default of meet. ¶ And in the xlviij. year of king Henry's regne begun war & debate between him and his lords/ for because that he had broken the covenants that were made between them at Oxford. ¶ And in the same year was the town of Northampton taken & folk slain that were within/ for because that they had made and ordained wild fire for to bren the cite of London. ¶ And in the month of may that came next after upon saint Pancras day/ was the battle of Lewes/ which was the wednesdaye before saint Dunstan's day/ & there was taken king Henry himself & sir Edward his son/ & Richard his brother earl of Cornewayl/ & many other lords. ¶ And in the same year next following sir Edward the kings son broke out of the ward of sir Simon of Mountford earl of leicester at Herford/ and went unto the barons of the March and they received him with moche honour. ¶ And the same time Gylbert of Clarence earl of Glocestre that was in the ward also of the foresaid Simon/ through the commandment of king Henry/ that went from him with a great heart/ for because he said that the foresaid Gylbert was a fool in his counsel/ wherefore he ordained him afterward so/ & held him with king Henry. And on the saterdaye next after the mids of August sir Edward the kings son discomfited sir Simon of Mountford at Kelinworth/ but the great lords that were there with him were taken/ that is to say Baldewyn wake/ & William de Mounchensie/ & many other great lords And the tewesdaye next after was the battle done at Eusham/ & there was slain sir Simon of Mountford/ Hugh spenser/ & Mountford that was Ralph Basset's father of Draiton/ and many other great lords. And when this battle was done all the gentlemen that had been with the earl Simon were disherited/ & they ordained together & did moche harm to all the land. For they destroyed their enemies in all that they might.   

¶ Of the siege of Kelynworth/ & how the gentlemen were disherited through counsel of the lords of the realm of England/ and how they came again and had their ●●●des.  
ANd the next year coming in may/ the fourth day before the teest of saint Dunstan was the battle & discomfiture at Chest erfelde of them that were disherited/ & there was many of them slain. And Robert earl of Fe riers there was taken/ & also Baldewyn and john de la hay with moche sorrow escaped thence. And on saint john baptystes eve than next following began the siege of the castle of Kenilworth/ & the siege lasted to sayne Thomas eve the apostle/ on which day sir Hugh hasting had the castle for to keep/ that yielded up the castle unto the king in this manner/ that himself & the other that were within the castle should have their lives & limbs/ & all that they had therein/ both horse & harness/ & four days of respite for to deliver cleanly the castle of themselves & of all other manner thing as they had within the castle. And so they went from the castle. And sir Simon de Mountford the younger & the countess his mother were fled over seem to France & there held them as people that were exiled out of england for evermore. And soon after it was ordained by the legate Dctobone & by other great lords the wisest of england/ that all those that had been against the king and were disherited should have again their lands by grievous raunsons after that it was ordained. And thus they were accorded with the king/ & peas was cried through out England/ & thus the war was ended. And when this was done the legate took his leave of the king & of the queen & of all the great lords of england/ & though went to Rome the lu year of king Henry's regne. And Edward king john's son of britain/ john Vesst/ Thomas of clare/ Roger of Clifford/ Oaths of graunston/ Robert le Brus/ john of verdon/ & many other lords of England & of beyond the see took their way toward the holy land. And king Henry died the same time at Westminster when he had been king lu year & xix weeks/ on saint Edmondes' day the archbishop of Caunterbury. And he was buried at Westmynster on saint Edmondes' day the king in the year of our lord. M. CC lxxij   

¶ Prophecy of Merlin of king Henry the first exponed that was king john's sone.  
ANd of this Henry prophesied Merlin & said that a ●a●●be should come out of Wynchestre in the year of our lord. M. CC. and xuj with true lips & holiness written in his heart. And he said soothe/ for the good Henry the king was borne in wynchestre in the year above said & he spoke good words & sweet/ & was an holy man & of good conscience. And Merlin said that this Henry should make the fairest place of the world/ that in his time should not be fully ended. And he said sooth. For he made the new work of the abbey of saint Peter's church at Westmynster/ that is fairer of sight than any other place that any man knoweth through out all christendom. But king Henry died or the work was fully at an end/ & that was great harm. And yet said Merlin that this lamb should have peace the most part of his regne. And he said such. For he was never noyed through war ne diseased in no manner wise/ till a little before his death. And Merlin said in his prophecy more/ that in the end of the regne of the foresaid lamb/ a wolf of a strange land should do him moche harm through his war/ & that he should at the last be master through help of a reed fore/ that should come out of the Northwest & should outr come him/ & that he should drive him out of the water. And that ꝓphecy full well was known. For within a little time or the king died/ Symonde of Mountforde earl of leicester that was borne in France began strong war against him/ through which doing many a good bachelor was destroyed. And when king Henry had the victory at Eusham & Simon the earl was slain through help of gilbert of Clare earl of Glocestre/ that was in keeping of the foresaid Simon/ through ordinance of king Henry/ which went again to the king with moche power. Wherefore the foresaid Simon was destroyed and that was great harm to the comyns of England that so noble a man was slain for the troth/ & died in charity & for the common profit of the same folk. And therefore almighty god for him hath sithen showed many a fair miracle to divers men & women seek for his love. ¶ And Merlin also told & said in his prophecy/ that after that time the lamb should live no while/ and than his seed should be in strange land without any pasture. And he said sooth. For king Henry lived no while after when that Simon Mountford was deed/ but died anon after him. And in the mean time sir Edward his son that was the best king of the world of honour was than in the holy land/ & gate there Acres. And in the country he begat on dame Elenour his wife john of Acres his daughter that afterward was countess of Glocestre. And made such a viage in the holy land that all the world spoke of his knighthood/ & every man dread him high and low through out all christendom/ as the story of him telleth/ as afterward ye shall here more openly. And from the time that king Henry died/ till that sir G●warde was crowned king all the great lords of england were as fatherless children without any succour that them might maintain/ govern and defend against their enemies.  
GRegorye the ix was pope after Honory. This man canonized many saints/ and defended mightily the church against Frederyc/ therefore took he many prelate's and two cardinals the which went to counsel against him. This pope was besieged in the city of Rome by the emperor/ & he saw the romans were corrupt by the money of the emperor. Than he took in his hand the hedes of the apostles Peter and Paul/ and went with procession fro the church of saint john Latranence to saint Peter's church. And so gate he the hearts of the romans. And than the emperor went away fro the cite. This pope made frere Iaymonde to compile the five books of the decretals of many pistles & decrees. And after with many tribulations of this tyrant & other he deceased & went to heaven ¶ Celestinus the fourth was pope after Gregory almost a month/ & he was in his life & in his connning laudable/ & he was an old man & a feeble & decessed/ & there was no pope after him almost a twelve month. ¶ Innocentius the fourth was pope after him xj year & uj months. This man canonized many saints/ & he deposed the emperor Frederye & cursed as an enemy to god & the church in the third year that he was made pope/ & he was helped by the Ianuens. ¶ And than was Henry the sixth chosen & William by the pope's commandment against Frederye one after an other. But they prevailed not to overcome his tyranny for he was over mighty/ ne these were not crowned/ for they decessed anon. ¶ Thomas de aquino. Albertus magnus. Eustacius & Bonaventure were this time holy men/ which destroyed moche heresy infected by the emperor. ¶ Alexander was pope after Innocent vij year/ & little of him is written. ¶ Vrbanus was pope after him three year & three months This man drove away an host of sara zyns by men marked with the cross/ that Maufred had sent against the church. The pope gave the kingdom of Cicyle to the kings brother of france/ that he should fight with Maufred/ & than decessed. And Maufred after lost his life & his kingdom by Karolus. ¶ Alphonsus king of Castil & Richard brother to the king of england were chosen emperors/ but richard died/ & Alphonsus renounced his title of the empire before Gregory the ix for he was a witty man & a noble astronomer/ & his tables be very famous. ¶ Clemens the four was pope after Vrban three year & ix months. This Clemens was an holy man/ & said by spirit of prophecy that the enemies of the church should perish as the smoke. And it is to be believed that god cessed the tribulations of his church through his merits. He had afore a wife & children/ & was a priest after & bishop & legate/ & being in england unknown to him was chosen pope/ & after for his virtuous life deceased blessedly. ¶ Gregory the ten was pope after him four year. He assembled a concyle at Loduū in france for the great desire that he had to visit personally the holy land/ in the which concyle the Greeks & the Tartars were/ and there the Greeks promised to be reform by the unite of the church. And the Tartars newly baptized promised the same And there were gathered. uj. C. bishops & a. M. prelate's. And therefore a certain man said. Gregory gathereth together all kinds of people. And there was decreed that all persons & vycayres should be called priests/ & no prelate's/ & that no man should assign his tithes to what church he would/ as they did afore/ but they should be paid to his mother church. And he dampened the pluralite of bnfyces/ & died a blessed man. ¶ Innocent the .v. was after him .v. months/ and little did. ¶ Adrian was after him one month/ & did less. ¶ john the xxj was after him viij. months/ & he was i divers seyences a famous man/ but in manners a fool & decessed anon. ¶ Nycolas the three was pope after john i year. This man was in his days a noble man in building/ & well governed the ci●e all his days & the. ●j year he died. ¶ Rodulphus was emperor xviij year. This man was cr●● of Havesburgh/ a wise man in arms noble & victorious/ & was chosen at bastle & he took the cross on him for the holy land The imperial blessing he had not but the pope allowed the election for favour of the holy land.   

¶ Anno dni. M. CC lxxiiij  
MArtyn the fourth was pope after Nycholas four year. This man was a great lover of religious men/ & greatly attending to virtuous works. He cursed the emperor of ●ōsta●tynople in so much as he promised to turn to the faith in the general council & did not/ for the which he suffered many passions & all holy church. Also he cursed the king of Arragon for he expulsed the king of Cicyle fro his kingdom. And after he had done many battles against men of misbyleve/ & had suffered many tribulations he deceased & did many miracles. ¶ Nicolas de lira a noble doctor of divinity was this time at Paris this man was a jew/ & was converted/ and mightily profited in the order of frere minors/ & he wrote over all the bible. Or else he was in the year of our lord. M ccc xxx And some men say he was of Braband/ & that his father & mother were christian/ but for poverty he visited the scoles of the jews And so he learned the jews language/ or else this Nycolas was informed of the jews in his young age. ¶ Honorius the fourth was pope after Martin two year & little of him is written/ but that he was a temperate man & a discrete. ¶ Nicolaus the fourth was pope after him four year. this man was a frere minor/ & all though he was a good man in himself/ yet many unhappy things fell in his time to the church/ for many a battle was in the cite through his occasion/ for he drew to much to y● one part/ and after him there was no pope two year & uj months.   

¶ Of king Edward that was king Henry's son. And of his ryalte.  
 
ANd after this king Henry reigned Edward his son/ the worthiest knight of all the world in honour For god's grace was in him/ for he had the victory of his enemies. And as soon as his father was deed he came to London with a fair company of prelate's & of earls & barons/ & all manner men did him moche honour. For in every place that this noble Edward road in London the streets were covered over his heed with rich clothes of silk/ of tapysserye and with rich coverings. And for joy of his coming the burgesses of the city cast out at their windows gold & silver hands full/ in tokening of love & worship/ service & reverence. And out of the condyth of cheap ran white wine & reed as streams of water/ & every man drank thereof that would at their own will. And this king Edward was crowned & anointed as right heir of England with moche honour. And after mass the king went in to his palace for to hold a rial feast among them that did him honour. And when he was set to meet/ king Alexander of scotland came for to do him honour & reverence with a quaintise/ & an. C. knights with him well horsed & arrayed. And when they were alighted they let their steeds go whether they would/ & who that might take them/ had them still without any challenging. And after came sir Edmonde king Edward's brother a courteous & a gentle knight/ & the earl of cornwall & the earl of Glocestre/ & after them came the earl of Penbroke/ & the earl of Garenne. And each of them by themself lad in their hand an. C. knights gaily disguised in their arms. And when they were alighted of their horses/ they let them go whether they would/ & who that might them catch/ them to have still without any challenge. And when all this was done/ king Edward did his diligence & his might for to amend & redress the wrongs in the best manner that he might/ to the honour of god & holy church/ & to maintain his honour/ & to amend the noyance of the common people.   

¶ How Ydeyne that was Lewelyns daughter of Wales/ and Aymer that was the earls brother of Mountforde were taken on the see.  
THe first year after that king Edward was crowned/ Lewlyn prince of Wales sent in to France to the earl Mountford/ that through counsel of his friends the earl should wed his daughter. And the earl than advised him upon this thing/ & sent unto Lewlyn and said that he would send after his daughter. And so he sent Aymer his brother after the damosel. And Lewlyn arrayed ships for his daughter & for sir Aymer/ & for her fair company that should go with her. And this Lewlyn did great wrong/ for it was a covenant that he should give his daughter to no manner man without counsel & consent of king Edward. And so it befell that a Burgeys of Brystowe came in the see laden with wine/ & met them/ & took them with might and power. And anon the Burgeys sent them to the king. When Lewlyn heard these tidings he was wonders wroth & also sorrowful/ & begun to war upon king Edward/ and did much harm to english men/ & bet down the kings castles/ & began fast for to destroy king Edward's lands. And when the tidings came unto the king of this thing/ he went in to Wales/ & so much he did through god's grace and his great power that he drove Lewlin to great mischief/ that he fled all manner strength & came & yielded him unto king Edward/ & gave him l M. mark of silver to have peas/ & took the damosel & all his heritage/ & made an obly gacyon to king Edward to come to his parliament two times in the year. ¶ And in the second year after that king Edward was crowned/ he held a general parliament at Westmynster/ & there he made the statutes for default of law by the common assent of all his baronage. And at easter next after the king sent by his letter unto Lewlyn prince of Wales that he should come to his parliament for his land/ & for his holding of Wales as the strength of the letter oblygatory witnessed. Than Lewlyn had scorn & despite of the kings commandment. And for pure wrath again begun war upon king Edward/ & destroyed his lands. And when king Edward heard of these tidings/ he waxed wonders wroth unto Lewlyn/ & in haste assembled a great power of people & went toward Wales and warred so upon Lewlyn the prince till that he brought him in moche sorrow & disease. And Lewlyn saw that his defence might not avail him/ and came again & yielded him to the kings grace/ & cried him mercy/ & long time kneeled before the kings feet. The king ●ad of him pity/ & commanded him to a●●se/ & for his meekness forgave him his wrath and to him said/ that if he trespassed against him an other time/ that he would destroy him for evermore. David that was Lewlins brother the same time dwelled with king Edward/ & was a fell man and a subtle/ & envious/ & also far casting and moche treason thought/ & evermore made good semblant/ & seemed so 〈◊〉 that no man might perceive his falseness.   

¶ How Lewlyn through ●gg●nge of his brother David warred again upon king Edward.  
IT was not long time that time that king Edward gave to David Lewlyns brother the lordship of ●rodesham/ and made him knight. And so moche honour did he never after to no man of Wales because of him. ¶ King Edward held his parliament at London when he had done in Wales all that he would/ & changed his money that was foul kit & rounded/ wherefore the people complained sore/ so that the king let inquire of the trespassers. And ccc were attainted of such manner of falseness/ wherefore some were hanged/ and some drawn & hanged. And afterward the king ordained/ that the sterling halfpenny & ferthing should go through out all his land. And commanded that no man fro that day afterward gave ne feoffed house of religion with land or tenement/ without special leave of the king/ & he that did/ should be punished at the kings will/ & the gift should be for nought. ¶ And it was not long after that Lewlyn prince of Wales through the entycement of David his brother/ and by both their consent they thought to disherit king Edward in as much as they might/ so that through them both the kings peace was broken And when king Edward heard of this anon he sent his barons in to Northum berlonde & the surreys also/ that they should go & take their usage upon the traitors Lewlyn & david/ & wonders hard it was for to war than. For it is winter in Wales/ when in other countries it is summer. And Lewlyn let ordain & well array & victual his good castle of Swandon/ and therein was an huge number of people & plenty of victuals/ so that king Edward wist not where to enter. And when the kings men it perceived/ & also the strength of Wales/ they let come in to the see barges & botes & great planks as many as they might ordain & have for to go to the foresaid castle of Swandon with men on foot & also on horse. But the Walshmen had so moche people & were so strong/ that they drove the Englishmen back/ so that there was so much prees of people at the turning again/ that the charge & the burden of men made the barges & botes to sink/ & there was drowned many a good knight/ that is to say/ sir Roger Clifford/ sir William of Lindsey that was sir john's son fitz Robert/ & sir Richard Tanny/ & an huge number of other/ & all was through their own folly/ for if they had had good spies they had not been harmed. When king Edward heard tell that his people were so drowned/ he made sorrow enough. But than came sir john of Vessye from the king of Arragon/ & brought with him much people of bachelors & of gascoins & were soldiers & dwelling with john of Vessye/ & of him received wages/ & of him were holden/ & were noble men for to fight/ and brent many towns/ & slew all the walshmen that they might take. And all those with strength & might made assault unto the castle of Swandon/ & gate the castle. And when David heard of these tidings/ he ordained him to flight. When Lewlyn the prince knew that his brother was fled/ than was he sore abashed/ for he had no power his war to maintain. And so Lewlyn began to flee/ & wend well to have scaped But in a morning sir Roger Mortimer met with him only with ten knights/ & set him round about/ & to him went & smote of his heed/ & presented it to king Edward. And in this manner Lewlyn the prince of Wales was taken/ & his heed smitten of/ & also all his heirs disherited for evermore/ through rightful doom of all the lords of the realm.   

¶ How David that was Lewlyns brother prince of Wales was put to death.  
David the princes brother of Wales through pride wend to have been prince of Wales after his brother's death/ And upon this he sent after walshmen to his patlyament at Dinbigh/ & foolishly made Wales to arise against the king/ & began to move war against king Edward/ & did all the sorrow & disease that he might by his power. When king Edward heard of this thing/ he ordained men to pursue upon him. And David fyer●y him defended/ till that he came to the town of saint Morite/ & there was David taken as he fled/ & lad to the king. And the king commanded that he should be hanged & drawn/ and smite of his heed/ & quarter him/ & send his heed to London/ & the four quarters to the four chief towns of Wales/ for they should take ensample thereof & be ware. And afterward king Edward let cry his peas though out all wales/ & seized all the land into his hands/ & all the great lords that were left alive came to do feaute & homage to king Edward/ as to their kind lord. And than let king Edward amend the laws of Wales that were defective. And after he sent to all the lords of Wales by his letters patentes that they should come all to his parliament. And when they were comen the king said to them full courteously. Lords ye be welcome/ & me behoveth your counsel & your help for to go in to Gascoyn/ for to amend the trespass that to me was done when I was there/ & for to entreat of peace between the king of Arragon & the prince of Morrey. And all the kings liege men earls & barons consented & granted thereto. And than king Edward made him ready & went in to Gascoyn/ & let amend all the trespasses that was done him in Gascoyn. And of the debate that was between the king of Arragon & the prince of Morrey he cess & accorded them. And while king Edward & queen Elenore his wife were in Gascoyn/ the good earl of cornwall was made warden of England till that king Edward came again. And than inquired he of his traitors that coniected falseness against him. And each of them all received their doom after that they had deserved. But in the mean time while that king Edward was beyond that see to do them for to make amends that had trespassed against him there was a false traitor that was called ●isap Meridoc began to make war against king Edward/ & that was for cause of sir pain Tiptot the wrongfully grieved & diseased the foresaid Bisap Meridoc. And when king Edward heard all this/ he sent by his letters to Bisap Meridoc that he should make no war but that he should be in peace for his love & when he came again in to England he would undertake the quarrel & amend all that was misdone. This foresaid Risap Meridoc despised the kings commandment/ & spared not to do all the sorrow that he might to the kings men of england. But anon after he was taken & lad to york/ and there he was drawn & hanged for his felony.   

¶ Of the redressing that king Edward made of his justices and of his clerks that they had done for their falsnes/ and how he drove the Jews out of England for their usury and mysbyieve.  
When king Edward had dwelled three year in Gascoyn/ a desire came to him for to go in to England again And when he was comen again there were so many complaints made to him of his justices & of his clerks that had done so many wrongs & falsnes/ that wonder it was to here. For which falseness sir Thomas weylonde the kings justice forswore England at the tour of London/ for falsnes that men put upon him/ whereof he was attaint & proved falls. And anon after when the king had done his will of the justices than let he inquire & espy how the jews deceived & beguiled his people through their sin of falseness & of usury/ and let ordain a privy parliament among his lords. And they ordained among them that all the Jews should void out of Eng land for their misbyleve & also for their false usury that they did unto christian men. And for to speed & make an end of this thing/ all the commonalty of England gave unto the king the xu penny of all their goods movable. And so were the jews driven out of England. And than went the jews in to France/ & there they dwelled through leave of king Philip that than was king of France.   

¶ How king Edward was seized in all the land of scotland/ through consent and grant of all the lords of scotland.  
IT was not long after the Alexander king of scotland was deed and David the earl of Huntingdon that was the kings brother of Scotlond asked & claimed the kingdom of scotland after that his brother was deed/ because that he was rightful heir. But many great lords said nay/ wherefore great debate arose between them & their fren des/ for as much as they would not con sent to his crownation. And the mean time the foresaid David died. And so it befell that the said David had three daughters that worthily were married. The first daughter was married to Bayloll/ the second to Brus/ & the third to Hastynges. The foresaid Bayloll & Brus challenged the land of scotland/ & great debate & strife arose between them three because each of them would have been king. And when the lords of scotland saw the debate between them/ they came to king Edward of England/ & seized him in all the land of scotland as chief lord. And when the king was seized of the foresaid lords of scotland/ the foresaid Bayloll/ Brus/ & Hastynges came to the kings court/ & asked of the king which of them should be king of scotland. And king Edward that was full gentle & true/ let inquire by the chronicles of scotland/ & of the greatest lords of scotland/ which of them was of the eldest blood. And it was found that Bayloll was the eldest/ & that the king of scotland should hold of the king of England and do him feaute & homage. And after this was done Bayloll went in to scotland/ and there was crowned king of Scotlond. And the same time was upon the see great war between the english men & the Normans. But upon a time the Normans arrived at Dover/ & there they martyred an holy man that was called Thomas of Dover. And afterward were the Normans slain/ that there escaped not one of them. ¶ And soon after king Edward should lose the duchy of Gascoyn through king Philip of France/ through his falls casting of the Dou●e peers of the land/ wherefore sir Edmond that was king Edward's brother gave up his homage unto the king of France. ¶ And in that time the clerks of England granted to king Edward half deal of holy church goods/ in helping to recover his land again in Gascoyn. And the king sent thither a noble company of his bachelors. And himself would have gone to Portesinouth/ but he was letted through one Maddok of Wales that had seized the castle of Swandon in to his hands/ & for that cause the king turned to Wales at christmas. And because that the noble lords of england that were sent in to Gascoyn had no comfort of their lord the king they were taken of sir Charles of France/ that is to say/ sir john of britain/ sir Robert Typtot/ sir Ralph Tanny/ sir Hugh Bardulf/ & sir Adam of Creting. And yet at the ascension was Maddok taken in Wales & another which was called Morgan/ and they were sent to the tour of London/ and there they were beheaded.   

¶ How sir john Bailoll king of scotland withsaid his homage.  
ANd when sir john Bailoll king of scotland understood that king Edward was warred in Gascoigne (to whom the realm of scotland was delivered) falsely than against his oath withsayd his homage through procuring of his folk/ & sent unto the court of Rome through a falls suggestion to be assoiled of the oath that he swore unto the king of England. And so he was by letter embulled. ¶ Than chose they of scotland Douspers for to take from Edward his right. ¶ And in that time came two cardinals from Rome fro the pope celestine to treat of accord between the king of France & the king of England. And as those cardinals spoke of accord/ Thomas Turbeluyl was taken at Lions & made feaute & homage to the warden of Paris/ & to him put his two sons in hostage/ & thought to go in to England for to espy the country/ & tell them when he came in to England that he had broken the kings prison of France by night/ & said that he would do that all englishmen & walshmen should be about the king of France. And this thing to bring to an end he swore/ & upon this covenant deeds were made between them/ & that he should have by year a. M. pounds worth of land to bring this thing to an end. This false traitor took his leave & went thence & came in to england unto the king & said that he was broken out of prison/ & that he had put him in such peril for his love/ wherefore the king could him moche thank/ & full glad was of his coming And the falls traitor fro that day espied all the doing of the king & also his counsel/ for the king loved him well/ and was with him full privy. But a clerk of England that was in the kings house of France heard of this treason & falseness/ & wrote to an other clerk that than was dwelling with king Edward of England all how Thomas Turbeluyll had done his false conife●tynge/ & all the counsel of England was written for to have sent unto the king of France. And through the foresaid letter that the clerk had sent fro France/ it was found upon him wher fore he was/ lad to London and there hanged and drawn for his treason. And his two sons that he had put in Fraū●● for hostage were than beheaded.   

¶ Of the conquest of Barwyk.  
ANd when the two cardinals were gone again in to France for to treat of the peace of Cambrey the king sent thither of his earls & barons that is to say/ sir Edmonde his brod●● earl of Lancastre & of leicester 〈◊〉 ●en ry Lacie earl of Nycholl/ & W●●yā●●ss● a baron/ and of other baronets about xiiii. of the best and wisest of England. And in the same time king Edward took his voyage to Scotland for to war upon john Bayloll king of scotland. And sir Robert Roos of Batwyk dead fro the englishmen and went to the Scots. And king Edward went toward Barwyk & besieged the town. And they that were within manly defended them & set a fire and brent two of king Edward's ships/ & said in despite & repre●e of him. weeneth king Edward with his long shanks to have get Barwik all our unthanks/ gas pikes him/ & when he has done gas dikes him. When king Edward had heard this s●orne/ anon through his might he passed over the dyches & assailed the town/ and came to the gates and gate and conquered the town/ & through his gracious power slew xxv M. and. seven. C. Scots. And king Edward lost no man of renome/ save sir Richard of cornwall/ & him slew a Fleming out of the reed hall with a quarrel as the foresaid richard did of his helm & commanded them for to yield them & put them in the kings grace/ & the Scots would not/ wherefore the hall was brent & cast down/ & all those that were therein were brent. And king Edward lost no moo men at that viage of simple estate but xxvij englishmen. And the warden of the castle gave up the keys of the castle without any assault/ & there was taken sir William Douglas & sir Symond Ft●sell & the earl Patrick yielded them to the peace. But Ingham of Humsremyll & Robert the Brus that were with king Edward/ forsook king Edward & held with the Scots/ and afterward they were taken & put in to prison. And than let king Edward close in Barwik with walls & with dyches And afterward Robert Rous went to Tyndale/ & set waybrygge a fire & Exham & Lamerstok/ & slew & rob the folk of that country. And after that he went fro thence to Dunbar. And the first wednesdaye of March the king sent the earl of Garenne/ sir Hugh Percy/ & sir Hugh Spenser with a fair company for to besiege the castle. But one that was called sir Richard Syward a traitor & a false man imagined for to beguile the englishmen and sent to the englishmen for to deceive them/ & said that he would yield to them the castle/ if they would grant him. viij days of respite/ that he might send & tell to sir john Bayloll that was king of scotland/ how his men fared that were within the castle/ & sent him word but if he would remove the siege of the englishmen/ that they would yield the castle to the englishmen. The messenger than came unto sir john Bailoll (the than was king of scotland) where as he was with his host/ and the messenger told him all the case. And than sir john Bayloll took his host & came on the morrow early toward the castle. And sir Richard Sywarde saw him come that was master of the counsel and keeper of the castle/ and said unto the englishmen. O quoth he/ now I see a fair company and well appareled/ I will go against them and meet with them/ and assail them. And sir Hugh Spenser saw the falseness of him & the treason/ and said to him. O traitor taken and proved/ your falseness shall not avail you. And sir Hugh Spenser commanded anon for to bind him/ and in all haste went against their enemies/ and slew of the Scots the number of xxij. M. For the Scots had that time no man with them of honour/ save sir Patryk Graham that manly fought & long/ & at the last he was slain. And than said the englishmen in reproof of the Scots. These scaterand Scots hold I for sots of wrenches unware. early in a morning in an evil tyming went ye fro Dunbare. ¶ When those that were in the castle saw the dyscomfyture they yielded up the castle to the english men/ and bound their bodies lands & castles to king Edward. And so there were taken in the castle three earls vij ba rons'/ and xxviij knights/ and xj clerks/ and vij Pycardes/ & all were presented to king Edward/ & he sent them to the tour of London to be kept there.   

¶ How king Edward of his great grace delivered again the Scots out of prison that were chefetaynes of the land/ and they drew them to the frenchmen through the counsel of William Waleys.  
THan when king Edward had made an end of the war & taken the chefetaynes of Scotlond. Than came sir john Bayloll with other & yielded them unto king Edward & put them in his grace/ & were lad to London. And when king Edward was comen thither they were brought before him/ & the king asked of them how they would make amends of the trespass & loss that they had done him/ & they put them in his mercy Lords said the king/ I will not your lands ne your goods/ but I will that ye make to me an oath upon god's body to be true to me/ & never after this time against me bear arms. And they all consented to the kings will/ & swore upon god's body/ that is to say/ sir john of Comyn/ the earl of Strathorne/ the earl of Ca●yk/ & also four bishops undertook for all the clergy/ & so the king delivered them and gave them safeconduytes to go in to their own country. And it was not long afterward but that they arose against king Edward/ because that they wist well that king Edward's folk were taken in Gascoyn/ as before is said/ but sir johan Bayloll king of scotland wist well that his land should have sorrow enough & shame for their falsnes/ and in haste went him over the see to his own lands/ and there held him/ and never came again. Wherefore the Scots choose unto their king William Waleys a rybaud and an harlot/ comen up of nought/ & to englishmen did much harm. ¶ And king Edward thought how he might best deliver his people that were taken in Gascoigne/ & in haste went him over the see in to Flaundres for to war upon the king of France. And the earl of Flaundres received him with moche honour/ & granted him all his lands at his own will. And when the king of France heard tell that the king of england was arrived in Flaundres & came with an huge power to destroy him he prayed him of truce for two year/ so the english merchants and also french might safely go & come on both sides. King Edward granted it/ so that he had his men out of prison that were in Gascoyn And the king of France granted anon/ & so they were delivered. ¶ In the same time the Scots sent by the bishop of saint Andrew's in to France to the king & to sir Charles his brother that sir Charles should come with his power and they of Scotlond would come with their power & so they should go in to England the lond● to destroy from Scotlond unto ●en● & the scots trusted moche upon the French men. But of that thing they had no manner grant. Yet nevertheless the Scots began to rob & slay in Northumberlonde and did much harm.   

¶ How William Waleys let slay sir Hugh of Cressingham/ and of the battle of Fonkirke.  
When the tidings came to king Edward that William Waleys had ordained such a strong power & also that all scotland to him was attendant & ready for to slay Englishmen and to destroy the land he was sore annoyed/ & sent anon by letter to the earl of Garren/ & to sir Henry Percy and to sir William Latomer/ and to sir Hugh of Cressyngham his treasurer that they should take power & go in to Northumberlonde/ & so forth in to Scotlond for to keep the countries. And when William Waleys heard of their coming/ he began for to flee/ & the englishmen followed him/ & drove him till he came to S●ry velyn/ & there he held him in the castle. And the walshmen every day them escryed & threatened/ & did all the despite that they might/ so that the englishmen upon a time in a morning went out from the castle the mountenaunce of ten mile/ & passed over a bridge. And William Waleys came with a strong power & drove them back/ for the englishmen had no power against him but fled/ & they that might take the bridge escaped. But sir Hugh the kings treasurer there was slain & many other also/ wherefore was made moche sorrow. ¶ Than had king Edward sped all his matters in Flaundres & was comen again in to england & hastily took his way in to scotland & came thither at the ascension tide/ & all that he found he set a fire & brent. But the poor people of scotland came to him wonders thick/ & prayed him for gods love to have mercy on them. Wherefore the king commanded that no man should do them harm that were yolden to him/ ne to no man of order/ nor no house of religion ne no manner church/ but let espy where that he might find any of his enemies. Than came a spy to the king & told him where the Scots were assembled for to abide battle. And so on saint Mary Magdaleyns' day the king came to Fonkirk & gave battle to the Scots/ & at the battle were slain xxxiij M. scots/ & of englyshmen xxviij & no more/ of that which was a worthy knight slain an hospytaler that was called Frere Brian jay. For when William Waleys fled from the battle/ that same Brian him pursued fiercely/ & as his horse ran he start in to a mire of a marsh up to the belly/ & william Waleys than turned again/ and there slew sir Bryan/ & that was great harm. And that while king Edward went through scotland for to inquire if he might find any of his enemies/ & in the land he dwelled as long as him liked & there was none enemy that durst him abide. And soon after that king Edward went to Southamton/ for he would not abide in Scotlond in winter season for esement of his people. And when he came to London/ he let amend many my● deeds that were done against his peace & his laws while he was in Flaundres   

¶ Of the last marriage of king Edward/ and how he went the third time in to scotland.  
ANd afterward it was ordained through the court of Rome/ that king Edward should wed dame Margarete that was king Philip's sister of France. And the archbishop Robert of wynchelse spoused them together/ through which marriage there was made peas between king Edward of England & king Philip of France. ¶ King Edward went than the third time in to Scotlond. And than within the first year he famysshed the land/ so that he left not one but that all came to his mercy/ save they that were in the castle of Estrevelyn/ that well was victualed & stored for vij year.   

¶ How the castle of Estrevelyn was besieged and won.  
king Edward came to the castle of Estrevelyn with an huge power & besieged the castle/ but it little availed For he might do the Scots no harm the castle was so strong & well kept. When king Edward saw that/ he bethought him on a quaintise/ & caused anon to make two payr of high gallows before the tour of the castle/ & made his oath/ that as many as were within the castle (were he earl or baron) & he were taken with strength (but if he would the rather yield him) he should be hanged upon the same payr of gallows. And when they that were within the castle heard this/ they came and yielded them all to the kings grace & mercy. And the king forgave them all his ill will. And there were all the great lords of scotland sworn to king Edward/ that they should come to London to every parliament/ & should stand to his ordinance.   

How Troylebaston was first ordained.  
king Edward went thence to London/ & wend for to have had rest & peace of his war/ in that which war he was occupied twenty year/ that is to say in Wales/ in Gastoyn & in scotland/ & thought how he might recover his treasure that he had spended about his war And let inquire through the realm of all the time that he had been out of his realm that men called Troylebaston/ & ordained thereto justices. And in this manner he recovered treasure without number. And his purpose was for to have gone in to the holy land for to have warred upon god's enemies/ because he was crossed long time before. And nevertheless the law that he had ordained did much good through out all England to them that were mysbode. For those that trespassed were well chastised/ & afterward were moche more meeker & better/ & the poor comyns were in rest & peace. And the same time king Edward prisoned his own son Edward/ because the bishop of Chestre the kings treasurer had complained on him/ saying that he through counsel of one Pyers of Ganaston a squire of Gascoyn had broken his parks. And this Pyers counseled & lad this same Edward. And for this cause king Edward exiled this Pyers out of england.   

¶ Of the death of William Waleys the false traitor.  
ANd when this king Edward had overcomen his enemies in Wales/ Gascoyn & scotland/ & had destroyed all his traitors/ save only the rybaud william Waleys/ the never would yield him to the king/ & at the last he was taken in the town of saint Dominyk/ the xxxiij year of king Edwardes regne & was presented to king Edward. But the king would not see him/ & sent him to London to receive his judgement/ & upon saint Barthylmewes' even he was hanged & drawn/ & his heed smitten of and his bowels taken out of his body and brent/ & his body quartered & sent to four of the best towns of scotland/ & his heed put upon a spear & set upon London bridge/ in ensample that the Scots should have in mind for to do amiss against their lyege lord again.   

¶ How the Scots came to king Edward for to amend their trespass that they had done against him.  
ANd at Michaelmas next coming king Edward held his parliament at Westmynster/ & thither came the Scots/ that is to say/ the bishop of saint Andrew's/ Robert the Brus earl of Carik/ Symond the Frisell/ john the earl of Athell. And they were accorded with the king & bound/ & by oath swore that if any of them afterward mysbare them against the king/ they should be disherited for evermore. And when their peace was thus made/ they took their leave & went home unto their country.   

¶ How Robert the Brus challenged scotland.  
ANd after this Robert the Brus earl of ●aryk sent by his letters unto the earls and barons of scotland that they should come to him to Sconne on the morrow after the Conception of our lady for the great needs of the land. And the lords came at the day assigned. And the same day sir Robert the Brus said. Fair lords full well ye know that in my person dwelleth the right of the realm of scotland/ & as ye well wot I am rightful heir/ sith that sir john Baylon that was our king hath forsaken us & left his land. And though it so be that king Edward of england with wrongful power hath made me assent to him against my will/ if that ye will grant that I may be king of scotland I shall keep you against king Edward of England/ & against all manner men. And with that word the abbot of Sconne arose up & before them all said that it was reason for to help him & defend the land & said he would give him a. M. pound for to maintain the land. And all the other granted him the land/ and with their power him for to help/ & defied king Edward of England/ & said that Robert the Brus should be king of scotland.   

¶ How sir john of Comyn gainsaid the crowning of sir Robert the Brus.  
¶ Ordynges said sir john of Comyn/ think on the troth & oath that ye made to king Edward of england & as touching myself I will not break mine oath for no man/ & so he went from them/ wherefore Robert the Brus & all though that consented to him were ill content with sir john of Comyn. Than ordained they another counsel at Domfris/ to which came the foresaid sir John of Comyn/ for he dwelled but two mile from Domfris there he was wont to sojourn & abide.   

¶ How sir John of cumin was traitorously slain.  
ANd when Robert the Brus wist that all the great lords of Scot land were come to Sconne/ save sir john of Comyn that than abode nigh Sconne he sent specially for the said sir john of Comyn to come & speak with him. And upon that he came & spoke with him at the grey freres in Domfris/ & that was the thursday after Candelmasse day/ & sir john granted to go with him. And when he had herd mass/ he took a sop and drank/ & afterward he bestrode his pa●frey & road to Domfris. When Robert the Brus saw him come at a wynow as he was in his chambre/ he made toy enough/ & came against him/ & colled him about the neck/ and made to him good semblant. And when all the earls and barons of Scotlond were there present/ Robert the Brus sayn/ sirs ye wot well the cause of this coming/ & where fore it is/ if ye will grant that I may be king of scotland as right heir of the land. And all the lords that were there said with one voice that he should be crowned king of Scotlond/ & that they would help him & maintain against all men living & die for him yfnede were. The gentle knight john of Comyn answered. Cet tes never for me: ne for to have as much help of me as the value of a button/ for the oath that I have made to king Edward of england I shall hold while that my life lasteth. And with the word be went from the company & would have leapt upon his plafrey. And Robert the Brus pursued him with a drawn sword and pierced him through the body/ & sir john Comyn fell down to the earth. But when Roger that was sir john Comyns' brother saw the falsues/ he start to Robert the Brus & smote him with a knife/ but the traitor was armed under/ so that the stroke might do him no harm/ & so much help came about Robert the Brus/ that Roger Comyn was there slain & hewn to pieces And Robert the Brus turned again where as sir john Comyu the noble baron lay wounded and drew toward his death besides the high altar in the church of the grey freres/ & said unto sir john Comyn. O traitor thou shalt be deed and shalt never let mine advancement and shaken his sword at the high altar and smote him on the heed that the brain fell down upon the ground/ & the blood start on high upon the walls. And yet unto this day is that blood seen there/ & no water may wash it away/ & so died that noble knight in holy church.  
¶ When this traitor Robert the Brus saw that no man would let his crownation he commanded all the barons to be at saint john's town at his crownation. And on the Annunciation of our lady the bishop of Glaston & the bishop of saint Andrew's crowned him king. And anon after he drove all the englishmen out of scotland. And they fled and came & complained them unto king Edward how that Robert the Brus had driven them out of the land & disherited them.   

¶ How that king Edward dubbed at Westmynster xxiiij score knights.  
ANd when king Edward heard of this myschete/ he swore that he should be avenged thereof/ & hang & draw all the traitors of scotland without ransom. ¶ Than king Edward sent for all the bachelars of england/ that they should come to London at whitsuntide/ & he dubbed at Westmynster xxiiij score knights. Than ordained he to go in to scotland against Robert the Brus/ & sent before him in to Scotlond sir Aymer the valiant earl of Pembroke/ & sir Henry Percy baron with a fair company/ that pursued the Scots & brent towns & castlels And afterward came the king himself with earls & barons a fair company.   

¶ How Robert the Brus was discomfited in battle/ & how Symond Frisell was slain.  
THe friday next before the assumption of our sady king Edward met with Robert the Brus & his company beside saint john's to ●●ne in scotland/ of that which company king Edward slew vii M. ¶ When Robert the Brus saw this mischief/ he began to flee & hid him secretiy/ but sir Symod Frisell was fore pursued/ so that he turned again & abode battle/ for he was a worthy knight/ but our englishman show his horse & took him & led him to king Edward/ but or he came to him he began to flatter his takers/ pmysing them. iiij M. mark of silver/ his horse & ●arneys & become a beggar. Than said Theobald of Pevenes that was the kings arthur. Now so god me help it is for nought that thou speakest/ for all the gold in englend I would not let the go wout commandment of king Edward. And king Edward would not see him/ but commanded to lead him to London to have his doom. And on our ladies eve the not 〈…〉 he was hanged & drawn/ & his herd smitten of & hanged again with chains of ●ren upon the gallows/ & his herd was set upon London bridge on a spear and against christmas the body was brent/ because that the men that kept the body by night saw so many devils aboure him/ turmenting him with iron croaks hortybly upon the gallows & many that saw them anon after died for dread/ & some waxed mad/ or fore seek. And in that battle was taken the bishop of Baston & the bishop of saint Andrew's & the abbot of Sconne all armed as falls traitors & falls prelate's against their oath. And they were brought to the king. And the king sent them unto the pope of Rome that he should do with them his will.   

¶ How john earl of Atheles was taken and put to death.  
ANd at that battle fled sir john earl of Atheles/ and went in to a church/ & there hid him for dread/ but he might have there no refute/ because that the church was interdicted through a general sentence/ & in the same church he was taken. And this sir john wend well to have scaped fro the death/ because that he claimed kindred of king Edward. And the king would no longer be betrayed of his traitors/ but sent him to London in haste/ & there was hanged & his heed smitten of/ & his body brent. But at the prayer of the queen Margarete because that he claimed kindred of king Edward his drawing was forgiven him.   

¶ How john that was William Waleys brother was put to death.  
ANd when the greatest masters of scotland were thus done to evil death for their falseness and treason/ john that was William Waleys brother was taken and done to death/ as sir john earl of Atheles was.   

¶ How Robert the Brus fled from scotland to Norway.  
ANd at that same time was Roberte the Brus much hated among the people of scotland/ so that he wist not what was best to do/ & for to hide him he went in to Norway to the king that had spoused his sister/ & there held him for to have succour. And Robert the Brus might not be found in scotland. So king Edward than let cry his peace through out all the land/ and his laws were used/ & his mynystres served through out all the land.   

¶ How king Edward died.  
 
ANd when king Edward had abated the pride of his enemies he returned again south ward/ and a malady took him at Burgh upon saudes in the march of scotland/ & he wist well that his death was full nigh/ & called to him sir Henry Lacie earl of Nichol sir Guy earl of warwik/ sir Aymer Valence earl of Penbroke/ and sir Robert of Clifford baron/ & prayed them upon the faith that they ought him/ that they should make Edward of Carnarvan king of England as shortly as they might/ & that they should not suffer Piers of Ganaston come again in to England for to make his son to riot. And they granted him with a good will. Than the king took the sacraments of holy church as a good christian man should/ & died in very reapen taunce when he had reigned xxxv year/ & was buried at westminster with great solemnity/ on whose god have mercy.   

¶ Of Merlyns prophecies that were declared of king Edward that was king Henry's sone.  
OF this king Edward pphecyed Merlin/ and called him a dragon the second of the. us. kings that should tegne in England/ & said that he should be meddled with mercy & also with strength & sternes/ that should keep England from cold & heat. And that he should open his mouth toward Wales/ & that he should set his foot in Wyke/ & that he should close with walls that should do moche harm to his seed. And he said sooth/ for the good king Edward was meddled with mercy & with fierceness/ with mercy against his enemies of Wales/ & after of Scotland with fierceness when he put them to death for their falseness & traytory/ as they had deserved it. And well kept he england from cold & heat/ sith he kept it from all manner of enemies that came upon him to do him any wrong. And well he opened his mouth toward Wales/ & made it quake through the hidour of his mouth when he conquered it through dint of sword. For the prince Lewlyn & david his brother/ Rys & Morgan were put to death through their falseness & their folly. And he set his foot in wike/ & conquered Barwyke/ at the which conquest were slain xxv M. and. seven. C. out take them that were brent in the reed hall. And the walls that he let make shall be noyous unto his seed/ as men shall here after see in the life of sir Edward of Carnarvan his son. And yet said Merlin that he should make rivers ren in blood & with brain/ & that seemed well in his wars where as he had the mastery. And yet Merlin said that there should come a people out of the north west during the regne of the foresaid dragon/ that should be lad by an ill greyhound/ that the dragon should crown king/ that afterward should flee over the see for dread of the dragon without coming again/ & that was proved by sir john Bayloll the king Edward made to be king of scotland/ that falsely arose against him/ & after he fled to his own lands of France/ & never came again in to scotland for dread of king Edward. And yet said Meriyn the people that should lead the foresaid greyhound should be fatherless unto a certain time/ & he said sooth/ for the people of scotland greatly were diseased/ sith that sir john Bayloll their kung was fled. And yet laid Merlin that the son should become in his time as read as blood/ in tokening of great mortality of people/ & that was well known when the scots were ●ay●. And Merlin said that same dragon should nourish a fox that should move great war against him that should in his time be ended/ & that seemed well by Robert the Brus that king Edward noursshed in his chambre/ that sithen stolen aware & moved great war against him wh● the war was not ended in his tyme. And afterward Merlin told that this dra gone should be holden the best body of all the world/ & he said sooth for the good king Edward was the worthiest knight of all the world in his tyme. And yet said merlyn the dragon should die in the march of an other land/ & that his land should be long without a good keeper/ & that men should weep for his death from the isle of Shepey unto the isle of Mercill: wherefore alas shall be their song among ye●●myn people fatherless in the land wasted. And the p●h● cy was known over all full well. For the good king Edward died at Burgh upon sands/ that is in the march of scotland wherefore the englysshmen were discōf●ed & sorrowed in Northumberiend because the king Edwardes son set by the Scots no force for the tyot of Pyers of Ganaston wherefore alas was the song through out all England for default of their good warden/ from the isle of Shepey unto the isle of Mareyll the people made moche sorrow for good king Edward's death. For they wend that king Edward should have gone in to the holy land/ for that was wholly his purpose. Upon whose soul god for his high grace have mercy.   

¶ Anno d●●i. M. CC. lxxxiii●.  
CElestinus was pope after Nicolas .v. months/ and no thing noble of him is written/ but that he was a virtuous man. ¶ Bonifacius the. vii●. was pope after him eight year. This Boniface was a man in those things that appertaineth to court/ for he was very e●pert in such matters. And because he had no peer/ he put no measure to his prudence/ & took so great pride upon him/ that he said he was lord of all the world. And many things he did with his might that failed wretchedly in the end. He gave an ensample to all prelate's that they should not be proud/ but under the form of a very shepherd of god they should more study to be loved of their subjects than to be dread. This man is he of whom it is said that he entered as a fox/ he lived as a lion/ & died as a dog. ¶ This time the year of grace was ordained from an C. year to an. C. year/ & the first Jubilee was in the year of our lord god. M. CCC. ¶ Benedictus the xj was pope after Boniface xi months. This man was an holy man of the order of the frere prechours & little while lived/ but decessed anon. ¶ Adulphus was Emperor uj year. This man was the earl of Anoxone/ and was not crowned by the pope/ for he was slain in battle. ¶ Albertus was emperor after him ten year. This man was the duke of Austrie/ & first was reproved of the pope/ & after was confirmed by the same pope for the malice of the king of France which was an enemy unto the church. And to that Albert the same pope gave the kingdom of france/ as he did other kingdoms/ but it ꝓfyted not/ for at the last he was slain of his nephew. ¶ Clemens was pope after Benedictus almost ix year. This man was a great builder of castles & other things. And he dampened the order of Templars. And he ordained the vij book of decretals the which be called the questions of Clementyns. And anon after in a counsel the which he held at Vienna he revoked that same book/ the which his successor john called again/ & incorpored it & published it. This Clement first of all pope's translated the pope's seat from Rome to Aumyon. And whereout it was done by the motion of god/ or by the boldness of man/ diverse men meruaylleth. ¶ john the xxij was pope after him xviij. year. This man was all glorious as for those things that were to be used through the active life. And he published the constytutions of the clementines/ & sent them to all the universities. And many saints he canonized. And the fat bishoprics he divided. And he ordained many things against the plum ralite of benefices/ and many heretics he dampened/ but whither he was saved or not/ our lord god would not show to those that he loved very well. ¶ Henry the vij was emperor after Albert .v. year. This Henry was a noble man in war/ and he coveted to have peace by land & water. He was a glorious man in battle/ & was never overcome with enemies. And at the last he was poisoned of a frere when that he houseled him by receiving of the sacrament.   

¶ Of king Edward that was king Edward's sone.  
ANd after this king Edward reigned Edward his son/ that was borne at Carnarvan. And this Edward went in to France & there he spoused Isabella the kings daughter of France the xxv day of january at the church of our lady at Boloyn in the year of our lord jesus Chryst a. M. CCC vij And the twenty day of Feveryer the next year that came after he was crowned solemnly at Westmynster of the archbishop of Caunterbury & of the archbishop of winchelse And there was so great prees of people that sir john Bakwel was deed & murdered And anon as the good king Edward was deed/ sir Edward his son king of England sent after Pyers of Ganaston into Gascoyn/ & so much he loved him that he called him brother. And anon after he gave him the lordship of Walyngford/ & after that he gave him the earldom of cornwall against all the lords will of England. And than brought he sir Walter of Langton bishop of Chestre to the tower of London in prison with two knaves all only to serve him. For the king was wroth with him/ because that sir Walter made complaint on him to his father/ wherefore he was put in prison in the time of Troile baston. And the foresaid Piers of Ganaston made so great masteries that he went in to the kings tresoury in the abbey of westminster & took the table of gold with the trestyls of the same/ & many other rich jewels that sometime were king Arthur's/ & took them to a merchant that was called Aymery of 〈…〉 and/ for he should bear them oversee in to Gascoigne/ & so he went thence & never came again after/ which was a great loss to this land. And when this Pyers was so richly advanced/ he became me wonders proud/ wherefore all the great lords of the realm had him in despite for his great bearing/ wherefore sir Henry La●y 〈◊〉 of Nichol/ and sir Guy earl of wa 〈…〉/ the which good lords the good king Edward sir Edward's father king of England charged the Pyers of Ganaston should not come in to england for to bring his son Edward in to riot. And all the lords of England assembled them on a certain day at y●●●eres prechours at London/ & there they spoke of the dishonour that king Edward did to his realm & to his crown. And so they assented all both earls & barons & all the comyns that the foresaid Pyers of Ganaston should be exiled out of England for ever more. And so it was done: for he forswore england & went in to ireland/ & there the king made him chefetayn & governor of the land by his commission. And there this Pyers was chefetayn of all the land and did there all that him liked & had power to do what he would. And that time were the templers exiled through all th●● stendom/ because the men put upon them that they should do things against the faith & good bill 〈…〉. King Edward loved Piers of Ganaston so much that he might not forbear his company and so moche the king gave & behyght the people of England that the er●lyng of the foresaid Pyers should be revoked at Stamford through them that had e●●led him. Wherefore Pyers of Ganaston came again in to England. And when he was come● again in to this land/ he despised the greatest lords of this land/ & called sir ●●bert of Clare earl of Gloucester 〈◊〉 and the earl of Nycholl sir Henry La●y b●rstenbely/ & sir Guy earl of warwick the black hound of Arderne and also be called the noble earl Thomas of Lancastre churl/ & many other scorns & shames them said/ & many other great lords of England▪ wherefore they were toward him full angry & wro●● a●d tyght ●ore annoyed. And in the same time died the earl of Nycholl/ but he charged or that he died Thomas earl of Lancastre that was his son 〈…〉 e that he should maintain his quarrel against this same Pyers of Ganaston upon his blessing. And so it befell through help of the earl Thomas of Lancastre & also of the earl of Warwyk that the foresaid Pyers was heeded at Gaversythe beside Warwyk/ the xix day of june/ in the year of grace a. M ccc twelve Wherefore the king was sore annoyed/ & prayed god that he might see the day to be avenged upon the death of the foresaid Pyers. And so it befell afterward as ye shall here. Alas the time/ for the foresaid earl of Lancastre & many other great ba rons were put to piteous death & martyred because of the foresaid quarrel. The king was than at London and held a parliament/ & ordained the laws of sir Symond Mounford/ wherefore the earl of Lancastre & the other earls & all the clergy of England made made an oath through counsel of Robert of Wynchelse for to maintain though ordinances for evermore.   

¶ How Robert the Brus came again in to scotland/ & gathered a great power of men for to war upon king Edward.  
ANd when sir Robert the Brus that made him king of Scotlond that before was fled in to Norway for dread of death of the good king Edward/ & also he herd of the debate that than was in England between the king & his lords he ordained an host & came in to England in to Northumberlond/ & clean destroyed the country. And when king Edward heard these tidings he let assemble his host & met the Scots at Easter velyn on the day of the nativity of saint john baptist/ in the third year of his regne/ & in the year of grace. M.ccc.xiiij. Alas the sorrow & loss that there was done. For there was slain the noble earl Gylbert of Clare/ sir Robert Clifford baron & there king Edward was discomfited/ & Edmond of Maule the kings steward for dread went & drowned himself in a fresh river that is called Bannokesborne Wherefore they said in reproof of king Edward for as much as he loved to go by water/ & also for he was discomfited at Bannokesborne/ therefore the maidens made a song thereof in the country of king Edward/ & in this manner they song. 
Maidens of england sore may ye morn  
for tyȝt have lost your lemans at Bannokesborne/  
with hevelogh/  
what weeneth the king of England to have gotten scotland  
with rombilogh.  ¶ When king Edward was discomfited wonders fast he fled with his folk that were left alive/ & went to Barwyk/ & there held him. And after he took hostages/ that is to say/ two children of the richest of the town/ & the king went to London/ & took counsel of things that were needful unto the realm of England. ¶ In this time it befell that than was in England a rybaud that was called john Tanner/ & he said that he was the good king Edwardes son/ & let call him Edward of Carnarvan/ & therefore he was taken at Oxford/ & there he challenged the frere Carmes church the king Edward had given them/ the which church sometime was the kings hall. And afterward was this john lad to Northampton/ & drawn & hanged for his falseness/ & or that he was deed he confessed & said before all those that were there that the devil behyght him that he should be king of England/ and that he had served the devil three year.   

¶ How the town of Barwyk was taken through treason/ & how two cardinals were rob in England.  
ON midlent sunday in the year of our lord jesus Chryst. M ccc xuj Barwyk was lost through false treason of one Pyers of Spalding/ the which Pyers king Edward had put there for to keep the same town with many burgesses of the same town. Wherefore the children that were put in hostage through the burgesses of Barwyk followed the kings marchalse many days fettered in strong yrens. ¶ And after that time there came two cardinals in to england/ which the pope had sent for to make peace between england & scotland. And as they went toward Durham for to have sacred master Louis of Beaumond bishop of Durham/ they were taken and ●obbed upon the more of Wynglesoown. Of which robbery sir Gylbert of Middelton was attaint and taken/ & drawn & hanged at London/ & his heed smitten of & put upon a spear/ and set upon new gate/ and the four quarters sent to four cities of england And that same time befell many mischiefs in england/ for the poor people died for hunger/ and so moche & so fast died that uneath men might them bury. For a quarter of wheat was worth xl. shillings/ and two year & an half a quarter of wheat was worth ten mark. And often times the poor people stolen children and eat them/ & eat also all the hounds that they might take/ and also horses and cats. And after there fell a great moreyn among beasts in divers countries of England during king Edward's life tyme.   

¶ How the Scots rob Northumberlonde.  
ANd in the same time came the Scots again in to england and destroyed Northumberlonde/ and brent & rob that land/ and slew men & women/ & children that lay in their cradles/ & brent also churches & destroyed christendom/ and took & bore english men's goods as they had been saracens or paynims/ & of the wickedness that they did all christendom spoke of it.   

¶ How the Scots would not amend their trespass/ and therefore scotland was interdicted.  
ANd when pope john the xxij after saint Peter heard of the great sorrow & mischief that the scots wrought he was wonders sorry that christendom was so destroyed through the Scots/ and namely that they destroyed so churches wherefore the pope sent a general sentence under his bulls of lead unto the archbishop of Caunterbury & to the archbishop of york/ that if Robert the Brus of scotland would not be justified and make amends unto the king of england Edward their lord/ & make amends of his harms that they had done/ & also to restore the goods that they had taken of holy church/ that the sentence should be pronounced through out all England. And when the Scots heard this/ they would not leave their malice for the pope's commandment/ wherefore Robert the Brus james Douglas/ & Thomas Randulf earl of Moref/ & all those that with them commoned or holp them in word or deed were accursed in every church through out all England every day at mass iii times/ & no mass should be song in holy church through out all scotland but if the Scots would make restitution of the harms that they had made unto holy church/ wherefore many a good priest & holy men therefore were slain through the realm of scotland/ because they would not sing mass against the pope's commandment & against his will and to do and fulfil the tyrants will.   

¶ How sir Hugh Spensers son was made the kings chamberlain/ and of the battle of Mitone.  
ANd it was not long afterward that the king ne ordained a parliament at york/ & there was sir Hugh Spensers son made chamberlain. And the mean time while the war lasted the king went again in to scotland that it was wonder to wite/ & besieged the town of Barwyk/ but the Scots went over the water of Solewath that was three mile from the kings host/ & privily they stolen away by night & came in to england & rob & destroyed all that they might/ & spared no manner thing till that they came to york. And when the englishmen that were left at home herd these tidings all though that might travail as well monks priests/ freres/ thanons' & seculars came & met with the scots at Miton upswale the twelve day of October. Alas the sorrow/ for the english husbondmen that could no thing of war there were slain & drowned in an arm of the see. And the chefetaynes sir William of Melton archbishop of york: & the abbot of selby with their steeds fled & came to york/ & that was their own folly that they had that mischance/ for they pass said the water of small/ & the scots set a fire the stacks of hay: & the smoke thereof was so huge that the englishmen might not see the scots. And when the Englishmen were gone over the water/ than came the Scots with their wing in manner of a shield & came toward the englishmen in array/ & the englishmen fled/ for uneath they had any men of arms/ for the king had them almost lost at the siege of Barwyk/ and the scots hoblers went between the bridge & the englishmen. And when the great host them met/ the englishmen fled between the hoblers & the great host/ & the englishmen almost were there slain/ & they that might go over the water were saved/ but many were drowned. Alas for there were slain many men of religion/ seculars/ priests & clerks: & with much sorrow the archbishop escaped: & therefore the Scots called that battle the white battle.   

¶ How king Edward did all manner thing that sir Hugh Spenser would.  
ANd when king Edward heard these tidings/ he removed his siege from Barwik & came again in to England. But sir Hugh Spenser the son that was the kings chamberlain kept so the kings chambre/ that no man might speak with the king. But he had made with him a fret for to do all his need/ & that over measure. And this Hugh bore him so stout/ that all men had of him scorn and despite. And the king himself would not be governed ne ruled by no manner man but only by his father and by him. And if any knight of England had woods/ manners or lands/ that they would covet/ anon the king must give it them/ or else the man that ought it should be falsely endited of forfeit or felovy. And through such doing they disherited many a bachelor/ & so much loud he gate that it was great wonder. And when the lords of England saw the great covetise & the falseness of sir Hugh Spenser the father & sir Hugh the son/ they came to the gentle earl of Lancastre and asked him of counsel of the disease that was in the realm through sir Hugh Spenser and his son. And in haste by one assent they made a privy assemble at Shyrburne in Elmede/ and they made there an oath for to break & dystrouble the doing between the king & sir Hugh spenser & his son upon their power. And they went in to the march of wales & destroyed the land of the foresaid sir Hughes.   

¶ How sir Hugh Spenser & his father were exiled out of England.  
When king Edward saw the great harm & destruction that the barons of england did to sir Hugh Spen sers' land & to his sons in every place that they came upon/ the king than through his counsel exiled sir john Mombray/ sir Roger Clifford/ & sir Gosselin Davil & many other lords that were consenting to them/ wherefore the barons did than more harm than they did before. And when the king saw the the barons would not cease of their cruelty/ the king was sore adread lest they would destroy him & his realm for his maintenance/ but if he assented to them/ & so he sent for them by letters that they should come to London to his parliament at a certain day as in his letters were contained. And they came with three battles well armed at all points/ and every battle had cote armours of green cloth/ & thereof the right quarter was yellow with white bends/ wherefore that parliament was called the parliament of the white bend. And in that company was sir umfrey of Bohounes earl of Herford/ & sir Roger Clifford/ sir john Mombray/ sir Gosselyn devil/ sir Roger Mortimer of Wygmore/ sir Henry of Trais/ sir john give fared/ & sir Barthilme we of Badelsmore that was the kings steward/ that the king had sent to Shyrbur●ein Elmede to the earl of Lancastre/ & to all that were with him for to treat of accord/ that him allied to the barons/ & came with that company. And sir Roger Dammorie/ & sir Hugh Dandale the had spoused the kings neces sister/ & sir Gylbert of Clare earl of Glocestre that was slain in scotland as before is said. And those two lords had than two parties of the earldom of Glocestre/ & sir Hugh Spenser the son had the third part in his wives half the third sister/ & those two lords went to the barons with all their power against sir Hugh their brother 〈◊〉 law/ & so there came with them sir Roger Clifford/ sir john Mombray/ sir Gosselyn devil/ sir Roger mortimer of Wygmore his nephew/ sir Henry Trais/ sir john Giffard/ sir Barthylmewe of Badelsmore with all their company & many other y● to them were consenting. All the great lords came to Westmynster to the kings parliament/ & so they spoke & did the both sir Hugh Spenser the father & also the son were outlawed of England for evermore. And so sir Hugh the father went to Dover & made moche sorrow/ & fell down upon the ground by the see bank across with his arms/ & sore weeping said. Now fair England & good Eng land to almighty god I the betake/ & thrice kissed the ground/ & wend never to have comen again/ & weeping cursed the time that ever he begat sir Hugh his son/ & said for him he had lost all england & in presence of all gave him his curse & went over the see to his lands. But 〈◊〉 Hugh the son would not go out of England/ but held him on the see & he & his company rob two Dromondes beside sandwich/ & took & bore away all the was in them/ the value of xl M. pound.   

¶ How the king exiled the earl Thomas of lancaster/ & all that held with him and how Mortimer came & yielded him to the king/ and of the lords.  
IT was not long after the the king ne made sir Hugh Spenser th●●a der & sir Hugh the son come again in to England against the lords will of the realm. And soon after the king with a strong power came and besieged the castle of Ledes/ & in the castle was the lady of Badelsmore because the she would not grant that castle to the queen I sabell king Edward's wife. But the principal cause was because the sir Barthilmewe was against the king & held with the lords of England/ & nevertheless the king by help and succour of men of London/ and also of help of southerens men gate the castle maugre of them all that were within/ & took with them all that they might find. And when the barons of England heard these tidings/ sir Roger Mor●●mer & many other lords took the town of Burgworth with strength/ wherefore the king was wonders wroth/ & let outlaw Thomas of Lancastre/ & umfrey de Bohounes earl of Herford/ & all those that were assenting to the same quarrel. And the king assembled an huge host/ & came against the lords of England/ wherefore the Mortimers put them in the kings mercy & grace. And anon they were sent to the tour of London/ & there kept in prison. And when the barons heard this thing they came to Pountfret castle/ where as the earl Thomas sojourned/ & told him how that the Mortimers both had yielded them to the king/ & put them i his grace.   

¶ Of the siege of Tykhyll.  
When Thomas earl of Lancastre herd this/ he was wonders wroth and all that were of his company/ & greatly they were discomforted/ & ordained their power together/ & besieged the castle of Tykhyll. But those that were within manly defended them/ that the barons could not get the castle. And when the king heard that his castle was besieged he swore by god & by his names/ that the siege should be removed/ & assembled an huge power of people and went thitherward to rescue the castle/ & his power increased from day to day. When the earl of Lancastre/ & the earl of Herford/ & the barons of their company heard of this thing/ they assembled all their power & went to Burton upon Trent & kept the bridge that the king should not pass over. But it befell so on the ten day of March in the year of grace. M ccc xxj the king & the Spensers/ sir Aymer of valance earl of Penbroke/ & Ioh●erle of Arundel and their power we●t over the water & discom●yted the earl Thomas & his come pany. And they fled to the castle of Tutbery/ & from thence to Pountfret. And in the viage died sir Roget Danmore in the abbey of Tuthery. And that same time the earl Thomas had a traitor with him that was called Robert Holland a knight that the earl had brought up of nought/ & had nourished him in his buttery/ and had given him a. M. mark of land by year/ & so much the earl loved him that he might do in the earls court all that him liked with high & low/ & so craftily the thief bore him/ that his lord trusted him more than any man on live. And the earl had ordained him by his letters for to go in to the earldom of Lancastre to make men arise to help him in that voyage/ that is to say .v. C. men of arms. But the false traitor came not there no manner men for to warn ne raise to help his lord. And when the false traitor heard tell that his lord was discomfited at Burton upon Trent/ as a falls traitor thief stolen away & rob in Ravensdele his lords men that came from the discomfiture/ & took of them horse & harness & all that they had & slew of them all that he might take/ & came & yielded him to the king. When the good earl Thomas wist that he was so betrayed/ he was sore abashed/ & said to himself. O almighty god how might Robert Holland find in his heart me to betray/ sith I loved him so moche. O god well may now a man se by him/ that no man may deceive an other rather than he that he trusteth most upon/ he hath full evil yielded me the goodness & the worship that I have done to him/ & through my kindness have advanced him & made him high where that he was low/ and he maketh me go from high unto low/ but yet shall he die an evil death.   

¶ Of the discomfiture of Burbrygge.  
●He good earl sir Thomas of lancaster/ umfrey de Bohounes earl of Herford/ & the barons that were with them took counsel between them at the freres prechours in Pounfret/ Thomas of Lancastre than thought upon the treason of Robert Holland/ & said in reproof. Alas Robert Holland hath me betrayed/ aye is the reed of some evil shreed. And by the common assent they should go to the castle of Dunstanburgh/ the which appertained to the earldom of Lancastre/ & that they should abide there till that the king had forgiven them his maletalent. But when the good earl Thomas heard this/ he answered in this manner & said. Lords said he/ if we go toward the north the northern men will say that we go toward the Scots/ and so we shall be holden traitors/ for cause of distance that is between king Edward & Robert the Brus that made him king of Scotlond & therefore I say as touching myself I will not go no ferther in to the north than to mine own castle of Pountfret. And when sir Roger Clifford herd this he arose up anon in wrath & drew his sword on high/ & swore by almighty god & by his holy names/ but if that he would go with them/ he should there slay him. The noble & gentle earl Thomas was sore adread & said. Fair sirs I will go with you whether so ever ye me bid. Than went they together in to the north/ & with them they had. seven. C. men of arms/ & came to Burbrygge. When sir Andrew of Herkela that was in the north country through ordinance of the king for to keep the country of scotland heard tell how the Thomas of Lancastre was discomfited & his company at Burton upon Trent/ he ordained him a strong power/ & sir Symond Ward also/ that than was sheriff of york/ and me●te the barons at Burbrygge/ and anon they broke the bridge that was made of tree. And when the earl Thomas of Lancastre heard that sir Andrew of Herk●●a had brought with him such a power/ he was sore adread/ and sent for sir Andrew of Herkela/ and with him spoke/ & said to him in this manner. Sir Andrew said he/ ye may well understand how that out lord the king is lad and misgoverned by moche false coūsey●e through sir Hugh Spenser the father and sir Hugh his son/ & sir john earl of Arundel/ & through master Robert Baldok a false pilled clerk/ that now is dwelling in the kings court. Wherefore I pray you that ye will come with us with all the power that ye have ordained & help to destroy the venom of England, and the traitors that been therein/ and we will give unto you all the best part of .v. 〈…〉 domes that we have & hold/ & we will make unto you an oath that we will never do thing without your counsel/ & so ye shall be eft as well with us as ever was Robert Holland. Than answered sir Andrew of Herkela & said. Sir Thomas that would I not do no consent thereto for no manner thing ye might me give without the will & commandment of our lord the king/ for than should I be holden a traitor for evermore. And when that the noble earl Thomas of Lancastre saw that he would not consent to him for no manner thing/ he said. Sir Andrew will ye not consent to destroy the ve 〈…〉 of the realm as we be/ consent at one word/ sir Andrew I tell the that or this year be passed that ye shall be taken & holden for a traitor/ and more than any of you hold us now/ & of a worse death ye shall die than ever did knight in england/ & understand well that ye did never thing that sorer shall repent you/ & now go & do what you good liketh/ & I will put me in to the mercy of god. And so went the false traitor tyrant and as a falls forsworn man. For through the noble earl Thomas of Lancastre he received the arms of chyvalry/ & of him was made knight. Than might men searchers draw them on that one side & on that other/ & knights also/ & than fought together wonders sore And also among all other sir Humphrey de Boughon earl of Herforde a worthy knight of renome through all christendom stood & fought with his enemies upon the bridge/ & as the noble lord stood & fought upon the bridge/ a thief rybaud skulked under the bridge & fiercely with a spear smote the noble knight in to the fundament/ so the his bowels fell about his feet. Alas for sorrow/ for there was slain the flower of solace & comfort & also of courtesy. And sir Roger of Clifford a noble knight stood ever & fought/ & well & worthily him defended/ but at the last he was sore wounded in his heed/ & sir William of S●llay & sir Roger of Bernefelde were slave at that battle. When sir Andrew of Herkela saw that sir Thomas men of Lancastre lessed & slaked/ anon he & his company came unto the gentle weight/ & said unto him with an high voice. Yield the traitor yield the. The gentle earl Thomas than answered & said. Nay lords/ traitors be we none & to you we will us never yield while that our lives lasteth/ but rather will we dye●● our truth than yield us unto you. And sir Andrew again beheld sir Thomas & his company yelling & crying as a wood wolf & said. Yield you traitors taken yield you/ saying with an high voice/ beware sirs that none of you be so hardy upon life & ly●● 〈…〉 e to mis●o Thomas body of Lancastre. And with that word the good earl Thomas went into the cha●e●● and said keeling upon his knees/ and turned his visage toward the cross and said. almighty god unto the I yield me/ & wholly I put me unto thy mercy. And with that the villains & ribalds leapt about him on every side as tyrants & wood tormentors/ and despoiled him of his armour/ and clothed him in a rob of ray that was of his squires livery/ & forth lad him unto York by water. Than might men see moche sorrow & care. For the gentle knights fled on every side and the ribalds & villains eagerly them descried/ and cried on high/ yield you traitors yield you. And when they were yoleden/ they were rob & bound as thieves. Alas the shame and despite that the gentle order of knighthood had there at that battle. And the land was than without law/ for holy church had than no more reverence than if it had been a brothel house. And in that battle was the father against the son/ and the uncle against the nephew. For so moche unkindness there was never seen before in England as was that time among folks of one nation. For one kindred had no more ●yte on that other/ than an ho 〈…〉 gry wolf hath of a sheep, & it was no wonder. For the great lords of England were not all borne of o●●●a●yon/ but were 〈…〉 edled with other na 〈…〉 s/ that is for to say/ some were Brytons some Sa●o●s/ some ●●nes/ some Pehytes/ some Fren 〈…〉/ some Normans/ Spanya●des/ romans/ Heno●ers/ 〈◊〉 F●em●●ges/ with m●●y other ●●oyons the which nations ac 〈…〉ed not to the kind blood of england. And if so gret● lords ha● been only ●●dded ●o ●nglysshe people/ than should rest and pe●s have been a 〈…〉 ge them without o●y en●●y. And at the battle were taken prisoners sir Roger E 〈…〉 ord/ sir john M 〈…〉 bray sir William Tuchit/ sir William ●itz William/ & many other worthy knights there were taken at that battle. And sir Hugh Dandell the next day after was taken & put in to prison/ and should have been done to death if he had not spoused the kings niece that was earl Gylbertes sister of Glocestre. And anon after was sir Barth●●mew of Badelsmere taken at Stowe park/ a manoyr of the bishop of Lyncolnes'/ that was his nephew/ & many other barons & baronet's wherefore was made moche sorrow.   

¶ How sir Thomas of Lancastre was beheaded at Pountfret/ and .v. barons & a knight drawn & hanged there.  
NOw I shall tell you of the noble earl sir Thomas of Lancastre. When he was taken & brought to york many of the city were full glad/ & upon him cried with an high voice. O sir traitor ye be welcome/ blessed be god/ for now ye shall have the reward that long time ye have deserved. And cast upon him many snow balls/ & many other reproves they did him. But the gentle earl suffered all and said not one word again. And at the same time the king heard of this discomfiture/ & was full glad/ and in haste came to Pountfret and sir Hugh Spenser & sir Hugh his son/ & sir john earl of Arundel/ and sir Edmond of woodstock the kings brother earl of Kent/ sir Aymer of valance earl of Penbroke/ & master Robert Baldok a falls pilled clerk/ that was privy and dwelled in the kings court/ & all came thither with the king. And the king entered in to the castle. And sir Andrew of Herkela a false tyrant through the kings commandment took with him the gentle earl Thomas to Pountfret/ and there he was prisoned in his own castle that he had new made/ that stood against the abbey of king Edward. And sir Hugh Spenser the father & his son cast in their thoughts how and in what manner the good earl Thomas of Lancastre should be put to death without any judgement of his peers. Wherefore it was ordained through the kings justices that the king should put upon him points of treason. And so it befell that he was led to bar before the kings justices bore heeded as a thief in a fair hall in his own castle where as he had made many a great feast to rich & poor. And these were his justices sir Hugh Spenser the father/ & Aymer of ●a●a●●e earl of Penbroke/ sir Edmond of woodstock earl of Kent/ sir john of britain earl of Rychmond/ & sir Robert Mal●m 〈…〉 justice/ & this sir Robert him acou●ped in this manner. Thomas at the first our lord the king & this court excludeth y●u of all manner answer. Thomas our l●●d the king putteth upon you that ye have 〈◊〉 his land riden with banner displayed against his peace as a traitor. And with that word that gentle earl Thomas with an 〈◊〉 voice said. Nay lords forsooth & by ●a●● Thomas I was never traitor. The justice said again. Thomas our lord the king putteth upon you that ye have rob his folk & murdered his people as a thief. Thomas also the king putteth 〈◊〉 you that he discomfited you & your people with his folk in his own realm wherefore ye went & ●●ed to the wood as an 〈◊〉. And Thomas as a traitor ye ought to be hanged by reason but the king hath forgiven you that judgement for ●●ue of queen Isabella. And Thomas reason would that ye should be hanged but the king hath forgiven you yt●udgement for love of your lineage. But Thomas for as much as ye were taken fleeing & as an outlaw the king will that your heed be smitten of as ye have well deserved anon have him out of pr●es & bring him to his judgement. When the gentle knight Thomas had herd all these words/ with an high voice he cried sore weeping & said. Alas saint Thomas fair father/ alas shall I be deed thus. Grant me now blissedfull god answer. But all availed him ●o thing. For the cursed gascoins put him hither & thither/ & on him cried with an high voice. O king Arthur most terrible and dreadful/ well known is now thine open traytory/ an evil death shalt thou anon die/ as thou hast well deserved it. And than they set upon his heed in scorn an old chapelet that was all to rend that was not worth an halfpenny. And after that they set him upon a l●ne white palfrey full unseemly/ & also all bare/ & with an old bridle and with an horrible noise they drove him out of the castle toward his death/ and they cast upon him many balls of snow in despite. And as the traitors lad him out of the castle he said these piteous words/ holding up his hands toward heaven. Now the king of heaven give us mercy/ for the earthly king hath us forsaken. And a frere preacher went with him out of the castle till he came to the place that he ended his life/ unto whom he shrove him of all his life. And the gentle earl held the frere wonders fast by the clothes & said to him. Fair father abide with us till that I be deed/ for my flesh quaketh for dread of death. And the sooth to say/ the gentle earl set him upon his knees and turned him toward the eest. But a rybaud that was called Higone of Moston set hand upon the gentle earl/ & said in despite of him. Sir traitor turn the toward the Scots thy foul death to receive/ and turned him toward the north. The noble earl Thomas answered than with a mild voice & said. Now fair lords I shall do your will. And with the word the frere went from him sore weeping And anon a rybaud went to him and smote of his heed the xi Kal. of Apryll/ in the year of grace. M. CCC. and xxi Alas that ever such a gentle blood should be put to death without cause & reason. And traitorously was the king counseled when he through the falls counsel of the Spensers suffered sir Thomas his uncles son to be put to such a death & so by heeded against all reason. And great pite it was also that such a noble king should be deceived and misgoverned through counsel of the falls Spensers the which he maintained through loselry against his honour & also perfect. For afterward there fell great vengeance in England because of the foresaid Thomas death. ¶ When the gentle earl of his life was passed/ the prior & the monks of Pountfret gate the body of sir Thomas of the king/ and they buried it before the high altar on the right side. That same day that this gentle knight was deed/ there were hanged & drawn for the same quarrel at Pountfret/ sir William Tuchet/ sir William fitz William/ sir Warreyn of ysel/ sir Henry of Bradborne/ and sir William Chayny/ barons all/ & john Page squire. And soon after at York were drawn & hanged sir Roger Clifford sir john of Mambray barons/ & sir Goselyn devil knight. And at Brystowe were drawn and hanged/ sir Henry of wemyngton/ and sir Henry Mounford barons. And at Glocestre were drawn and hanged sir john Geffard/ and sir William of Elmebrugge barons. And at London were drawn & hanged/ sir Henry Ties baron. And at Wynchelse sir Thomas Colepeper knight. And at Wyndsore was drawn and hanged sir Fraunceys of waldenham baron. And at Caunterbury was drawn & hanged sir Barthylmewe Badelsmore/ & sir Barthylmewe of Asshebourneham barons/ And at Cardyfe in Wales sir William Fleming baron.   

¶ How king Edward went in to scotland with an hundred thousand men of arms/ and might not speed.  
ANd when king Edward of England had brought the flower of chyvalry unto their death through counsel & consent of sir Hugh Spenser the father/ and sir Hugh the son/ he became as wood as any lion. And what so ever the Spensers would have/ it was done/ so well the king loved them that they might do with him all thing that them liked/ wherefore the king gave to sir Hugh Spenser the father the earldom of Wynchestre/ & to sir Andrew of Herkela the earldom of cardoil in prejudice and in harming of his crown. And king Edward than through counsel of the Spensers disherited all them that had been against him in any quarrel with Thomas of lancaster/ & many other were disherited also/ because that the Spensers coveted to have their lands/ & so they had all that they would desire with wrong & against all reason. Than made the king Robert Baldok a falls pilled clerk chancellor of England/ through counsel of the foresaid Spensers'/ & he was a false ribald and a covetous. And so they counseled the king moche that the king let take to his own ward all the goods of the lords that were put wrongfully to death in to his own hands. And as well they took the goods that were within holy church as the goods that were without/ & let them be put in to his tresoury in London/ & let them call his forfeytes. And by their counsel the king wrought/ for evermore he disherited them that ought the goods. And through their coūse●le let arere a tallage of all the goods of england/ wherefore he was the richest kyg the ever was in england after William bas●ard of Norman●y the conquered England. And yet through counsel of them he seemed the he had not enough/ but made yet every town of England for to find a man of arms upon their own costs/ for to go & war upon the Scots that were his enemies/ wherefore the king went in to edmonde with an. C. M. men of arms at Whitsuntide in the year of our lord. M. CCC xxij But the scots went & hid them in woods & in mountains & tarried the englishmen fro day to day/ that the king might for no manner thing find them in plaint 〈◊〉 wherefore many englishmen the had 〈◊〉 victuals died there for hunger wonders fast/ & suddenly in going & coming & namely those that had been against Thomas of Lancastre & rob his men upon his lands. When king Edward saw that victuals failed him/ he was wonders sore discomforted/ because also that his men died: & for he might not speed of his enemies. So at the last he came aga 〈…〉 to england. And anon after came james douglas & also Thomas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 huge host into Northumberlonde & with them the englishmen that were driven out of England/ & came & rob the 〈◊〉 & slew the people & also br●nt a ●owne that was called Northall 〈…〉 & many other towns to York. And when the king heard these tidings he let ●●m●n all manner of men that might travail. And so the englishmen met the Scots at the abbey of ●eyghlonde the xu day after michaelmas in y● sam● year above said and the englishmen were discomfited. And at that dyscomfytu●● was taken sir john of britain earl of Rychemond that held the countre● and the earldom of Lancastre and after he paid an huge ransom and was let go And after that he went in to France/ & came never afterward again.   

¶ How sir Andrew of Herkela was taken & put to death that was earl of cardoil.  
THan at the time was sir Andrew of Herkela that new was made earl of cardoil/ because that he had taken the good earl Thomas of Lancastre. He had ordained through the kings commandment of England for to bring him all the power that he might for to help him against the Scots at the abbey of Beyghlonde. And when the false traitor had gathered all the people that he might & should have comen to the king to the abbey of Beighlond/ the false traitor lad them by an other country through Copelonde/ and through the earldom of Lancastre/ & went through the country & rob & slew folk all that he might. And furthermore the falls traitor had taken a great sum of gold & silver of sir james Douglas for to be against the king of england/ & to be helping & holding with the scots/ through whose treason the king of england was discomfited at Beighlonde or that he came thither. Wherefore the king was toward him wonders wroth/ & let privily inquire by the country about how that it was. And so men inquired & espied/ that at the last the troth was found & sought/ and he attaint & taken as a falls traitor/ as the good earl Thomas of Lancastre him told/ or that he was put to death at his taking at Burbrydge/ & to him said/ or that year were done he should be taken & holden a traitor. And so it was as the holy man said. Wherefore the king sent privily to sir Anthony of Lucy a knight of the country of cardoil that he should take sir Andrew of Herkela & put him to death. And to bring this thing to an end/ the king sent his commission/ so that this same Andrew was taken at cardoil & led to the bar in the manner of an earl worthily arrayed/ and with a sword gird about him/ and boted & sporred. Than spoke sir Anthony in this manner/ sir Andrew said he/ the king putteth upon the for as much as y● hast benorped in thy deeds he did to the moche honour/ & made the earl of cardoil & thou as a traitor to thy lord laddest the people of his country that should have holp him at the battle of Beighlond/ & thou laddest them away by the country of Copelonde & through the earldom of Lancastre/ wherefore our lord the king was discomfited there of the Scots through thy treason & falseness/ & if thou hadst comen betimes he had had the battle/ And treason y● didst for the great sum of gold and silver that thou received of james Douglas a Scotte the kings enemy. And our lord the king will that the order of knighthood by the which y● received all thine honour and worship upon thy body/ be all brought to nought & thine estate undone/ that other knights of lower degree may after be ware/ the which lord hath hugely advanced the in divers countries of England/ & that all may take ensample by y●/ their lord afterward truly for to serve. Than commanded he a knave anon to hew of his spurs on his heel's. And after he let break the sword over his heed/ the which the king gave him for to keep & defend his land therewith when he had made him earl of Cardoyl. And after he let him be unclothed of his furred tabard and of his hood/ & of his furred coats/ & of his girdle. And when this was done sir Anthony said than to him. Andrew said he/ now art thou no knight/ but a knave/ and for thy treason the king will that y● shalt be hanged & drawn/ and thy heed smitten of/ & thy bowels taken out of thy body & brent before the & thy body quartered/ & thy heed sent to London/ & there it shall stand upon London bridge/ & the four quarters shall be sent to four towns of England/ that all other may be ware & chastised by the And as sir Anthony said/ so it was done all manner thing on the last day of October/ in the year of grace. M. CCC xxij And the son turned in to blood as the people it saw/ & that dured from the morrow till it was xj of the clock of the day.   

¶ Of the miracles that god wrought for saint Thomas of lancaster/ wherefore the king let close in the church doors of the priory of Pountfret/ that no man should come therein for to offer.  
ANd soon after that the good earl Thomas of Lancastre was martyred/ there was a priest that long time had been blind/ dreamed in his sleep that he should go to the hill there the good earl Thomas of Lancastre was put to death/ & he should have his sight again/ & so he dreamed three nights suing/ & the priest let lead him to the same hill/ & when he came to the place that he was martyred on/ full devoutly he made there his prayers/ & prayed god & saint Thomas that he might have his sight again/ & as he was in his prayers/ he laid his right hand upon the same place that the good man was martyred on/ and a drop of dry blood & small sand cleaved on his hand/ & therewith striked his eyen/ & anon through the might of god and saint Thomas he had his sight again/ & thanked than almighty god & saint Thomas. ¶ And when this miracle was known among men/ the people came thither on every side and kneeled & made their prayers at his tomb that is in the priory of Pountfret/ & prayed the holy martyr of succour & help/ & god heard their prayers. ¶ Also there was a young child drowned in a well in the town of Pountfret/ & was deed three days & three nights/ and men came & laid the deed chilo● upon saint Thomas tomb the holy martyr/ & the child arose from death to life/ as many a man it saw. ¶ Also moche people were out of their mind/ & god sent them their mind again/ through virtue of the holy martyr. ¶ Also god hath given there to exepyls their going/ & to crooked their hands & their feet/ & to blind also their fight and to many seek folk their health of byvers diseases/ for the love of this martyr. ¶ Also there was a rich man in Co●● dom in Gascoyn/ and such a malady he had that all his right side ro●●ed & fell away from him that men might see his ●●uer & his heart/ & so he stank that uneath men might come nigh him/ wherefore his friends were for him wonders sorry/ but at the last as god would they prayed to saint Thomas of Lancastre that he would pray to god for that prisoner/ & behyght to go to Pountfret for to do their pilgrimage he thought that the martyr sam● Thomas came to him & anou●ted over all his seek body/ & therewith the good man aweke & was all hole/ & his flesh was restored again that before was torrid & fallen away For which miracle the good man & his friends loved god & saint Thomas ever more after. And this good man came in to England/ & took with him four selowes and came to Pountfret to the holy martyr/ & did their pilgrimage/ & the good man that was seek came thither all naked/ save his privy clothes. And when they had done/ they turned home again in to their own rountree/ and told of the miracle where so ever that they came. ¶ And also two men have been heeled there of the mormale/ through help of the holy martyr/ though that evil be holden incurable. ¶ And when the Spensers' herd that god did such miracles for this holy man/ they would not believe it in no manner wise/ but said openly that it was great heresy such virtue of him to believe. And when sir Hugh Spenser the son saw all this doing/ anon he sent his messenger from Pountfret where as he dweled to king Edward/ that than was at graven at Scipton/ because that the king should undo the pilgrimage. And as the rybaud messenger went to ward the king for to do his message/ he came by the hill where as the good martyr was done to death/ & in the same place he made his ordure/ & when he had done he road toward the king/ & a strong flix came upon him or that he came to York/ & than he shed all his bowels at his fundament. And when sir Hugh Spenser heard these tidings/ somdele he was adread/ and thought for to undo the pilgrimage if he might by any manner way. And anon he went to the king & said that they should be in great slander through out all chry stendom for the death of Thomas of Lancastre/ if that he suffered the people to doen their pilgrimage at Pountfret/ & so he counseled the king that he commanded to close the church doors of Pountfret/ in the which the holy martyr was buried/ & thus they did against all franchises of holy church/ so the four year after might no pilgrim come to the holy body/ & because that the monks suffered men to come & honour the holy body of saint Thomas the martyr/ through counsel of sir Hugh Spenser the son/ & through counsel of master Robert Baldok the false pilled clerk the kings chancellor/ the king consented that they should be set to their wages: & let make wardens over their own good long time/ & through commandment of the foresaid sir Hugh Spenser xiv. gascoins well armed kept the hill where as the good man saint Thomas was done to death/ so that no pilgrim might come by the way. Full well wend he to have taken Christ's might & his power & the great boos of miracles that he showed for his martyr saint Thomas through all christendom. And that same time the king made Robert Baldok the falls pilled clerk through prayer of sir Hugh Spensers son chancellor of England. And in the same time was the castle of Walyngford holden against the king through the prisoners that were within the castle for saint Thomas quarrel of Lancastre. Wherefore the people of the country came & took the castle upon the prisoners. Wherefore sir John Goldington knight & sir Edmond of Beche prisoners/ and a squire that was Roger of Walton were taken & sent to the king to Pountfret/ & there they were put in prison/ & the foresaid Roger was sent to york/ and there he was drawn & hanged. And anon after sir Roger Mortimer of wigmore broke out of the tour of London in this manner. The foresaid Roger heard that he should be drawn & hanged at London on the morrow after saint Laurence day/ & on the day before he held a fair feast in the tour of London/ & there was sir Stephen Segrave constable of the tour & many great men with them/ & when they should soup/ the foresaid Stephen sent for all the officers of the tour/ & they came & souped with him/ & when they should take their leave of him/ a squire that height Stephen that was full privy with the foresaid Roger through his counsel gave them such a drink that the least of them all slept two days & ij. nights/ & in the mean time he escaped away by the river of Thames/ & went over the see & held him in France. Wherefore the king was sore annoyed/ & put the same Stephen out of his Constablery.   

¶ How queen. Isabella went in to France for to treat of peace between her lord the king of England and the king of France her brother.  
THe king went than to London and there through counsel of sir Hugh Spenser the father & of his son & of master Robert Baldok a falls pilled clerk his chancellor/ let seize than all the queens lands in to his hands/ and also all the lands that were sir Edwardes his son/ & were so put to their wages against all manner of reason/ & that was through the falseness of the Spensers. And when the king of France that was queen Isabelles brother heard of this falseness/ he was sore annoyed against the king of England & his false counselors. Wherefore he sent a letter to king Edward under his seal/ that he should come in to France at a certain day for to do his homage & thereto he summoned him/ & else he should lose all Gascoyn. ¶ And so it was ordained in england through the king & his counsel that queen Isabella should go in to France for to treat of peace between her lord & her brother. And that Oliver of yngham should go in to Gascoyn/ and have with him vij M. men of arms & more/ to be seneshal & warden of Gascoyn. And so it was ordained that queen Isabella went in to France/ & with her went sir Aymer of valance earl of Pen broke/ that was there murdered suddenly in a privy siege/ but that was through god's vengeance/ for he was one of the justyces that consented to saint Thomas death of Lancastre/ & would never after tepent him of that wicked deed. And at that time sir Oliver of yngham went over in to Gascoyn/ & did moche harm to the king of France/ and than he gate again that king Edward had lost/ and moche more thereto.   

¶ How king Edward sent sir Edward his son the eldest in to France.  
THe queen Isabella had but a quarter of a year dwelled in France when sir Edward her eldest son as●●d leave for to go in to France for to speak with his mother Isabella the queen. And his father the king granted him with a good will & said to him/ go my fair son in god's blessing & mine/ & think for to come again as hastily as ye may. And he went over see in to France/ & the king of France his uncle received him with moche honour & said to him. Fair son ye be welcome & for because that your father came nor to do his homage for the duchy of Guy●nne as his ancestors were wont to do● I give you the lordship to hold it of me in herytege as all manner ancestors' did before you wherefore he was called duke of Guienne.   

¶ How the king exiled his queen Isabella and Edward his eldest sone.  
When king Edward of England heard tell how the king of France had given the duchy of Guienne to sir Edward his son/ without consent & will of him & that his son had received the duchy 〈◊〉 became wonders wroth: & sent to his son by letter & to his wife also that they sh●ld come again in to England in all haste. And the queen Isabel & sir Edward her son were wonders sore adread of the kings menaces & of his wrath/ & principally for the falseness of the Spensers'/ both of the father & also of the son & at his commandment they would not come. Wherefore king Edward was full sore annoyed & let make a cry at London/ that if the queen Isabella & Edward his eldest son came not in to England that they should be holden as enemies/ both to the realm & also to the crown of england. And for that they would not come in to england/ but both were exiled the mother & her son. When the queen herd these tidings/ she was sore adread to be destroyed through the falls conjecting of the Spensers/ & went with the knights that were exiled out of England for saint Thomas cause of lancaster/ that is to say/ sir Roger of wigmore/ sir William Trussell/ sir john of Tromwell/ & many other good knights/ wherefore they took their counsel & ordained among them for to make a marriage between the duke of Guienne the kings son of England & the earls daughter of Henaud/ that was a noble knight of name & a doughty in his time/ & if that thing might be brought about/ than stood they trowing with the help of god & with his help to recover their heritage in england/ whereof they were put out through the falls conjecting of the Spensers.   

¶ How king Edward through counsel of the Spensers sent to the douze per of France that they should help that the queen Isabella & her son sir Edward were exiled out of France.  
When king Edward & the Spensers' herd how that queen Isabella & sir Edward her son had allied them to the earl of Henaud/ & to them that were exiled out of England for cause of Thomas of Lancastre/ they were so sorry that they wist not what to do. Wherefore sir Hugh Spenser the son said to sir Hugh his father in this manner wise. father cursed be the time & the counsel that ever ye consented that queen Isabella should go in to France for to treat of accord between the king of England & her brother the king of France/ for that was your counsel/ for at that time forsooth your wit failed/ for I dread me sore least through her & her son we shall be destroyed/ but if we take the better counsel. ¶ Now fair sirs understand how marvelous felony & falsehood the Spensers imagined & cast. For privily they let fill .v. barels ferrours with silver/ the sum amounted to .v. M. pound/ & they sent those barels over see privily by an alien that was called arnold of Spain/ that was a broker of London/ that he should go to the douzepers of France/ that they should procure & speak to the king of France that queen Isabella & her son Edward were driven & exiled out of France/ and among all other things that they were brought to the death as privily as they might. But almighty god would not so For when this Arnold was in the high see he was taken with Selanders that met him in the high see/ & took him & lad him to the earl of Henaud their lord/ & moche joy was made for that taking. And at the last this Arnold privily stale away fro thence & came to London. And of this taking and of other things the earl of Henaud said to the queen Isabella Dame make you merry & be of good cheer/ for ye be richer than ye wend to have 〈…〉 n/ & take these .v. barels full of silver that were sent to the douzepers of France for to slay you and your son Edward/ & think hastily for to go in to England/ & take ye with you sir john of Henaud my brother and .v. C. men of arms/ for many of them of France in whom ye have had great trust/ do but scorn you. And almighty god grant you grace your enemies to overcome. Than sent the queen Isabella through Henaud and Flaundres for her soldiers/ and ordained her every day for to go in to England again. And so she had in her company sir Edmonde of Woodstock/ that was earl of Kent/ and was also sir Edward's brother of England.   

¶ How king Edward let keep the costs by the see/ & let try all the price men of arms & foot men through England.  
●Nd when king Edward heard tell that queen Isabel & Edward her son would come in to england with a great power of aliens/ and with them that were outlawed out of England for their rebellyousnes/ he was sore adread to be put down/ and for to lose his kingdom/ wherefore he ordained to keep his castles in Wales as well as in england with victuals & their apparel/ & let keep his rivers & also the see costs/ where of the .v. ports took to keep them & also the see. And at the feast of Decollation of saint john baptist/ the citezyns of London sent to the king to Porchestre an. C. men of arms. And also he commanded by his letters ordained/ that every hundred & wepentake of England/ to try as well men of arms as men on foot/ & that they should be put in twenty some/ & in an hundred some/ & commanded that all those men were ready when any oyes or cry were made/ for to pursue & take the aliens that came in to England for to take the land from him & put him out of his kingdom And more over he let cry through his patent in every feyre & in every market of england/ that the queen Isabel & sir Edward his eldest son & the earl of Kent/ that they were taken & safely kept wout any manner of harm unto them doing/ & all other manner people that came with them anon smite of their hedes without any manner of ransom taking of them. And what man might bring sir Roger Mortimer's heed of wygmore/ should have an C. pound of money for his travail. And furthermore he ordained by his patent & commanuded to make a fire upon every hill/ beside the rivers & in low countries for to make high bekens of timber/ that if it so were that the aliens came to the loud by night/ that men should kindle the bekens/ that the country might be warned & come & meet their enemies. And in that time died sir Roger Mortimer his uncle in the ●ou●e of London.   

¶ How the queen Isabella & sir Edward duke of Guyenne her so●e came to land at Herewich/ and how they did.  
●Nd when queen Isabel and sir Edward her son duke of Guyenne/ sir Edmonde of Wodstocke earl of Kent/ and sir john the ●ri●s 〈◊〉 of Henaud and their company dradde 〈◊〉 the thretevynges of king Edward 〈◊〉 of his traitors/ for they trusted a 〈…〉 god's grace/ and came unto 〈◊〉 in Suffolk the. xxii●j. day of September/ & in the year of our lord jesus Christ M. CCC. xxv●. And the queen & 〈◊〉 Edward her son sent letters to the May●● and commonalty of London/ r 〈…〉 ge them that they would be helping in the quarrel and cause that they had beg 〈…〉 that is to say/ to destroy the traitors of the realm. But none answer was sent again/ wherefore the queen & sir Edward her son sent another pa 〈…〉 〈◊〉 under their seals/ the 〈◊〉 of which letter here followeth in this manner. ¶ Isabella by the grace of god queen of England/ lady of ireland & councesse of Pountyf/ & we Edward the eldest son of the king of England duke of Guyenne/ earl of Chestre/ of Pounty● and of Moustroyll/ to the Mayor and ●o all the comynalce of the cite of London sendeth greeting. For as much as we have before this time sent to you by our letters how we be come in to ●his land in good array & in good manner/ for the honour & perfect of holy church & of our right dear lord the king & all the realm with all our might to keep & maintain/ as we 〈◊〉 all the good folk of the foresaid realm are holden to do. And upon that we pray you that ye will be helping to us in as much as ye may in this quarrel that is for the common profyce of the foresaid realm. And we have had to this ●yme none answer to the foresaid letters/ ne know not your mind in that party. Wherefore we send to you again & pray & charge you that ye bear you so against us that we have no cause to grieve you/ but that ye be unto us helping by all the ways that ye may/ or may know. For wite ye well in certain that we & all that be comen with us in to this realm/ think not to do any thing/ but that thing that shall be to the common perfect of all the realm/ & only to destroy Hugh Spenser our enemy/ & enemy to all the realm/ as ye it well know Wherefore we pray you & charge you in the faith that ye own to our lyege lord the king & to us/ & upon all that ye shall mow forfeit against us/ that if the said Hugh spenser our enemy come within your power that ye do him hastily to be taken & safely keep until we have ordained of him our will/ & that ye leave it not in no manner wise as ye desire honour & profit of us all & of all the realm. Understand ye well that if ye do this our prayer & commandment/ we will the more be holden unto you. And also ye shall get you worship and pryfyte if ye send us hastily answer of all your will again at Baldok/ the sixth day of October. Which letter early in the dawning of the day of saint Denys was tacked upon the new cross in cheap/ & many copies of the same letter were tacked upon windows and doors and upon other places in the cite of London/ that all men passing by the way might them see & red. And in the same time king Edward was at London in the tour at his meet/ and a messenger came in to the hall & said that the queen Isabella was comen to land at Herewich & hath brought in her company sir john of Henaude/ & with him men of arms without number. And with that word sir Hugh Spenser the father spoke & thus said unto the king. My most worshipful lord & king of england/ now make we good cheer/ for certainly they been all ours. The king heard this word comfortable/ yet was he full sorrowful & pen syfe in his heart. And the king had not fully eaten/ but there came in to the hall an other messenger/ & said that the queen Isabella was arrived at Herewich beside Ipswyche in Suffolk. Sir Hugh spenser the father spoke to the messenger & said Tell sooth in good faith my fair friend is she comen with a great strength. Now certes sir the sooth for to say/ she ne hath in her company but vij hundred men of arms. And with that word sir Hugh spenser the father cried with an high voice and said. Alas alas we been all betrayed for certes with so little power she had never comen to land but if the folk of this land were unto her consenting. And therefore after meet they took their counsel and went toward Wales for to arere the Walshmen against the queen Isabella & Edward her son/ all for to fight/ and so they were in purpose everichone.   

¶ How master Walter Stapylton bishop of Excestre the was the kings treasurer was heeded at London.  
●Nd in the same time king Edward was sore adread lest that men of London would yield them to the queen Isabel & to her son Edward. Wherefore he set master Walter Stapylton his treasurer for to be warden & keeper of the cite of London with the Mayor/ & so came to the ●ylde hall of London/ & asked the keys of the gates of the city/ through virtue and strength of his commission/ & would have had the keeping of the cite. And the commoners answered and said that they would keep the cite to the honour of king Edward & of Isabella the queen and of the duke the kings son without any moo. Than was the bishop sore annoyed/ and swore oaths that they all should abye it anon as king Edward were comen out of Wales. And all the commoners of the Cite anon took the bishop & lad him amids of the Cheap/ and there they smote of his heed/ & set his heed in his right hand. And after they heeded two of his squires that held with the bishop/ & one of them was called William of Wail/ that was the bishops nephew/ & that other was called john of Paddington. And also they took a burgeys of London that was called john Martial/ that was sir Hugh spensers spy the father/ & smote of his heed also. In the same time that bishop had at London a fair tour in making in his close upon the river of Thames/ that was without temple bar/ & stone failed to make an end thereof/ wherefore he commanded his men to go to the freres Carmes/ & there they took stone to make therewith the tour & moche sand & mortar & old robous that was left. And for the despite that the bishop had done unto holy church: he & his two squires were buried in the sand/ as though they had been hounds/ and there they lay xj weeks/ till that the queen Isabella sent her letters to the commoners & prayed them that they would suffer & grant/ that the bishop might be taken out of the place & be buried at Excestre in his own church/ & so he was/ & his two squires were buried at saint clements church without temple bar. And it was no wonder though that bishop died an evil death/ for he was a covetous man/ & had with him no mercy/ & evil counseled the king. And soon after was Arnold of Spain taken/ that assented to have lad .v. M. pound of silver in .v. barels ferryers' unto the douzepers of France/ for to help & haste the queen Isabella to her death/ & Edward her son also. And this Arnold was put to death without the cite.   

¶ How king Edward & sir Hugh spenser & the earl of Arundel were taken.  
When king Edward had sent master Walter Stap●lton his treasurer to London/ for to keep the cite unto him against the queen Isabella his wife/ & against Edward his son/ anon himself took with him sir Hugh Spenser the seen/ and sir john o● Arundel/ & master Robert Ba●dok his chancellor a falls pilled prcest/ and took their way toward Brystowe/ & there the king abode a little time/ and made sir Hugh Spenser the father as Constable & keeper of the castle. And the king & that other spenser went to ship & sailed toward Wales/ & took no leave of the steward n● of none of the kings household & w 〈…〉 ever in to Wales for to arere the W 〈…〉 against dame Isabel the queen and the duke her son/ & the earl of Kent and sir john of Henaud. And they went & pursued after them/ & their power increased daily. So at the last the king was taken upon an hill in Wales & sir Hugh spenser the son on the other side of the same ●yll/ & the false pilled clerk master Robert Baldok there fast besides them/ & they were brought again in to England as almighty god would. And the king himself was put in safe keeping in the castle of Kelynworth/ & him kept sir Henry that was saint Thomas brother of Lancastre. And sir Hugh the father came & put him in the queens grace & sir Edward her son duke of Guy 〈…〉. But sir Hugh Spenser after the time that he was taken he would neither eat nor drink/ for he wist well he should have no mercy/ save only to be deed. And the queen & her coum sail had ordained that he should have been done to death at London/ but he was so feeble for his moche fasting that he was nigh deed/ & therefore it was ordained that he should have his judgement at Herford And at a place of the tour his hood was taken from his heed/ & also from Robert Bal dok that falls pilled clerk & the kings chancellor/ & men set upon their hedes chaplets of sharp nettyls/ & two squires blewe in their ears with two great bugles horns upon the two prisovers'/ that one might here their blowing more than a mile. And one Symond of reading the kings marshal bare before them upon a spear their arms reversed: in token that they should be undone for evermore. And on the morrow was sir Hugh Spenser the sone dampened to death/ & was drawn & hanged & heeded/ & his bowels taken out of his body & brent/ & after that he was quartered/ & his four quarters were sent to. iiij towns of England/ & his heed sent to London bridge. And this Symond for cause that he despised queen Isabella he was drawn & hanged on a stage made amids the foresaid sir Hugh's gallows And the same day a little from thence was sir john of Arundel beheaded/ because he was one of sir Hugh Spenses counseylers. And anon after was sir Hugh Spenser the father drawn & hanged & heeded at Brystowe/ & after hanged again by the arms with two strong ropes: & the fourth day after he was hewn all to pieces/ & hounds eat him. And because the king had given him the earldom of wynchestre his heed was put upon a spear & scent thither. And the falls Baldok was sent to London/ & there he died in prison among thieves/ for men did him no more reverence than they would do to a dog. And so died the traitors of england blessed be god. And it was no wonder/ for through their counsel the good earl though mass of Lancastre was done to death/ & all that held with Thomas of Lancastre through the traitors were undone/ & all their heirs disherited.   

¶ How king Edward was put down and his dignity taken from him.  
ANd anon after as all this was done/ queen Isabella & Edward her son duke of Guyenne/ & all the great lords of England at one assent sent to king Edward to the castle of Kenilworth where as he was in keeping under the ward of sir john Hachim that was the bysihop of Ely/ & of sir john of Percy a baron/ for because that he should ordain his parliament at a certain place in england/ for to redress and amend the estate of the realm. And king Edward them answered & said. Lords said he ye see full well how it is/ lo have here my seal/ and I give you all my power for to ordain a parliament where that ye will. And than they took their leave of him & came again to the barons of England. And when they had the kings patent of this thing/ they showed it to the lords. And than was ordained that the parliament should be at westminster at the utas of saint Hylary. And all the great lords of England let ordain for them there against that time that the parliament should be. At which day that the parliament was/ the king would not come there for no manner thing as he had set himself & assigned. And nevertheless the barons sent unto him one time & other. And he swore by god's soul that he would not come there one foot. Wherefore it was ordained by all the great Lords of England that he should no longer be king/ but be depo sed/ & said they would crown Edward his son the elder that was duke of Guyenne And sent tidings unto the king there as he was in ward under sir john earl of Garen/ & sir john of Bothun that was bishop of Ely/ & sir Henry Percy a baron/ & sir William Trussell a knight that was with the earl Thomas of Lancastre for to yield up their homages unto him for all them of England. And sir William Trussell said these words. Sir Edward/ because that ye have betrayed your people of england/ & have undone many great lords or england without any cause/ ye shall be deposed/ & now ye be withstand thanked be god. And also because that ye would not come to the parliament as ye ordained at Westmynster as in your own letter patent is contained/ for to treat with your lyege men as a king should. And therefore through all the comyns assent & of all the lords of England I tell unto you these words. Ye shall understand sir that the barons of england at one assent will that ye be no more king of england/ but utterly have put you out of your ryalte for evermore. And the bishop of Ely than said to the king. Sir Edward here I yield up feaute & homage for all the archebisshops' & bishops of england & for all the clergy. Than said sir john earl of Garen. Sir Edward I yield up here unto you fealty and homage for me & for all the earls of england. And sir Henry Percy gave up also there his homage for him & for all the barons of England. And than said sir William Trussell. I yield up now unto you sir mine homage for me & for all the knights of England/ & for all them that hold by sergeauntry or by any other manner thing of you/ so that from this day of terward ye shall not be claimed king/ nor for king be holden. But from this time afterward ye shall be holden for a singular man of all the people. And so they went thence to London/ where the lords of England abode them/ & sir Edward abode in prison i good keeping. And this was on the day of the conversion of saint Paul/ in the twenty year of his regne.   

¶ Of the prophery of Merlin declared of king Edward the son of king Edward the first.  
OF this king Edward prophesied Merlin & said that there should come a goat out of Car that should have horns of silver/ & a beard as white as snow/ and a drop should come out of his nostrils that should betoken moche harm hunger & death of people/ & great loss of his land. And that in the beginning of his regne should be haunted moche lechery. And he said sooth/ alas the time for king Edward that was king Edward's son was borne at Carnarvan in Wales For sooth he had horns of silver and a beard as white as snow when he was made prince of Wales/ to moche he gave him to riot and to folly. And sooth said Merlin in his prophecy/ that there should come out of his nose a drop. For in his time was great hunger among the poor people/ & strong death among the ty the that died in strange land with sorrow & in war in Scotlond. And afterward he lost scotland & Gascoyn & moche lechery in his days was haunced. ¶ Also Merlin said that this goat should seek the flower of life & of death. And he said so the for he spoused Isabella the kings sister of France. And in this time Merlin said that there should be made bridges of folk upon dyches of the see. And that was well seen at Bannockesbourne in scotland when he was discontyted there of the Scotces. And Merlin told also that stones should fall from castles/ & many towns should be made plain. And he said sooth For when king Edward was discomfited in scotland & came than southward/ the Scots besieged castles & did moche harm/ & brent towns unto the hard earth. ¶ And afterward Merlin told that an eagle should come out of cornwall that should have feathers of gold/ that of pride should have no peer/ and he should despise lords of blood/ and after he should die through a bear at Gaversyche/ & that prophecy was full well known & found such. For by the eagle is understand sir Pyers Ganaston/ that than was earl of cornwall/ which was a wonders proud man/ & despised the barons of England/ but afterward he was heeded at Gaversyche through the earl of Lancastre & the earl of warwick. ¶ And Merlin told that in this time it should seem that the bear should burn and that battle should be upon an arm of the see in a field arrayed like a shield where should die many white hedes/ & he said sooth. For by the brenning of the bear is betokened great dread through cutting of swords at that battle of Myton/ for there came the Scots in manner of a shield in a wing/ & slew men of religion/ priests and seculars/ where fore the Scots called that battle in despite of englishmen the white battle. ¶ And after Merlin said that the foresaid Bear should do the Goat moche harm/ & that should be upon the south west/ and also upon his blood. And said also that the Goat should lose moche deal of his land/ till the time that shame should him overcome/ & than he should cloth him in a lions skin/ & should win again that he had lost/ & more through people that should come out of the north west/ that should make him to be feared and him avenge upon his enemies through counsel of two owls/ that first should be in peril to be undone. And those two owls should go over see in to a strange land/ & there dwell a certain time/ & after should return again in to england/ & should do moche harm to many one/ & that they should counsel the Goat to move war against the foresaid bear/ & the goat & the owls should come to an arm of the see at Burton upon Trent/ & should go over/ & that for dread the bear should flee with a swan in his company to Bury toward the north through an unkind outpulter/ & that the swan than should be slain with sorrow and the bear should be slain full nigh his own nest/ that should stand upon Pountfret upon whom the son should shed his beams/ & many folk should seek him for his virtue. And he said sooth. for the good earl Thomas of Lancastre was borne in the north west/ & cousin to the king & his uncles son/ & by law he made the king lose moche land that he had purchased will fully till at the last the king took thereof shame/ & himself filled with cruelty. And after gate again that he had lost & much more/ through help of folk coming out of the northwest/ by whom he was dread/ & avenged him on his barons through counsel of the two Spensers that afore were outlawed for their wickedness/ & after came again out of France/ & so much these Spensers counseled the king that he should war upon Thomas of Lancastre/ so that the king & the Spensers and the earl of Arundel and their power met with Thomas of Lancastre at Burton upon Trent/ and him there discomfited/ and sir umfrey earl of Herford was in his company. And after fled the foresaid Thomas and umfrey with their company to Burbrygge/ meeting with sir Andrew of Herkela/ that is called the unkind outpulter/ and also sir Symond Warde earl of York they came & met with Thomas of Lantastre with an huge company/ & them there disconsyted/ & in the disconsiture the crle of Herford was slain upon the bridge cowardly with a spear in the fundament/ & the earl Thomas was taken & lad to Pountfret/ & than was he heeded beside his own castle. But afterward many him sought for miracles that god did for him. And in the time Merlin said/ for sorrow and harm should die a people of his land/ wherefore many lands should be upon him the more bolder And he said sooth/ for because of his barons that were put to death for saint Thomas quarrel of Lancastre/ people of many lands became the bolder for to move war upon their king/ for their blood was turned to many nations. And afterward Merlin told & said that the foresaid owls should do moche harm unto the flower of life & death/ and they should bring her to much disease/ so that she should go over see in to France for to make peace to the flower delice/ & there should abide till on a time her seed should come and seek her/ and there they should abide both till the time that they should cloth them with grace/ & those two owls she should seek & put them to piteous death. And that prophecy was well known/ & was full sooth. For sir Hugh Spenser the father & sir Hugh the son did moche sorrow and persecution unto the queen Isabella through their ꝓcurement to her lord the king. So they ordained among them that she was put unto her wages/ that is to say twenty shillings in the day/ where fore the king of France her brother was sore alwyed/ & sent in to England by his letters unto king Edward that he should come unto his parliament to Paris in France. But king Edward was sore adread to come there/ for he wend to have be arrested till that he had made amends for the trespass that sir Hugh Spenser the father & the son had done/ & for the harm that they had done to the queen Isabella his sister. Wherefore through her ordinance & consent of the Spensers' the queen Isabella went over see in to France for to make accord between king Edward & the king of France her brother. And there dwelled she in France till Edward her eldest son came for to seek her and so they dwelled there both till that alliance was made between them & the gentle earl of Henaud/ that if they with their virtue might destroy & overcome the ves nym & the falseness of the Spensers that sir Edward should spouse dame Philip the worshipful lady & the earls daughter of Henaud. Wherefore the queen Isabella & Edward her son/ & sir Edmonde of wodstocke the kings brother of england/ & sir john of Henaud/ & sir Rogrt Mortimer of Wygmore/ & sir Thomas Rocelyn/ & sir john of Cromwell/ & sir William Trussell/ & many other of the alliance of the gentle earl Thomas of Lancastre that were exiled out of england for his quarrel/ & were disherued of their lands/ ordained them a great power & arrived at Herewich in Suffolk. And soon after they pursued the Spensers till that they were taken & put to pytcous death/ as before is said/ & their company also/ for the great falseness that they did to king Edward and to his people. And Merlin said also more that the goat should be put to great disrase & great anguish & in great soro wehe should lead his life. And he said sooth/ for after the time that king Edward was taken he was put in to ward till that the Spensers' were put to death/ & also because he would not come to his parliament at London as he had ordained & assigned himself unto his haronage/ & also would not govern and rule his people nor his realm as a king should do. Wherefore some of the barons of england came & yielded up their homages unto him for them and all the other of the realm on the day of the conversion of saint Paul/ in the year of his regne twenty And they put him out of his royalty for evermore/ & ever he lived afterward in moche sorrow & anguish.  
Lvdovicus was emperor after Henry four year. This Lodewik was duke of Bavare/ & he despised the crownation of the pope/ wherefore the pope deposed him/ and moche labour & many perils he had after/ & he troubled greatly the unite of holy church. Than was chosen against him frederic duke of Austryche. And he overcame the duke/ & abode a rebellion to his end/ & in great peril to his soul. And at the last Karolus was chosen against him/ the which prevailed/ & suddenly Lodewyk fell down of his horse and decessed. ¶ john Maundeuyll a doctor of physic and a knight was borne in England about this tyme. And he made a marvelous pilgrimage/ for he went almost about all the world/ & he wrote his deeds in three languages/ & decessed & was buried at saint Albon. ¶ Benedictus the xxij was pope after john vij year & more. This man was a monk/ and in all his youth he was of good conversation/ and a doctor of divinity. And when he was made pope he reform the order of saint Benet in that thing that was necessary. And he was an hard man to grant benefices/ least he had granted it to an uncunning man. He made a decretal the which began Benedictus deus in donis suis. And he was very cruel in his faith And for that of some men was little loved. He was so stout a man that almost he would not know his own cousins.   

¶ Anno dni. M. CCC xxvij  
¶ Of king Edward the third after the conquest.  
AFter this king Edward of Carnarvan reigned sir Edward of Wyndsore his son/ the which was crowned king & anointed at Westmynster/ through counsel & consent of all the great lords of the realm the sondaye on Candelmasse even/ in the year of grace. M. CCC xxuj that was of age at the time but xu year. And for because that his father was inward in the castle of Kenilworth & also was put down of his royalty/ the realm of England was without king from the feast of saint Katherine in the year above said unto the feast of Candelmasse. And than were all manner pleas of the kings bench astent. And than was commanded to all the sheriffs of england through writ to warn the parties to defendauntes through summoning again. And also furthermore that all prisoners that were in the kings gales that were attached through sheriffs/ should be let go quite. ¶ King Edward after his crownation at the prayer & beseeching of his lyege men of the realm granted them a chartre of steadfast peace to all them that would ask it. And sir john of Henaud & his company took their leave of the king & of the lords of the realm/ & turned home to their own country again/ & each of them had full rich gifts/ every man as he was of value & of estate. And than was england in rest & peace/ & great love between the king & his lords. And comynly Englishmen said among them that the devil was deed But the innumerable treasure of the king his father/ & the treasure of the Spensers both of the father & of the son/ & of the earl of Arundel/ & of master Robert Baldoc that was the kings chancellor was departed after the queen Isabelles' ordinance & sir Roger Mortimers of wygmore/ so that the king had no thing thereof/ but at her will & her deliverance/ nor of their lands/ as afterward ye shall here.   

¶ How king Edward went to Stanhope for to meet the Scots.  
ANd yet in the same time was the king in the castle of Kenilworth under the keeping of sir Henry that was earl Thomas brother of Lancastre the than was earl of leicester/ & the king granted him the earldom of Lancastre/ that the king his father had seized in to his hands & put out Thomas of Lancastre his brother. And so was he earl of Lancastre & of leicester/ & also steward of england as his brother was in his tyme. But sir Edward that was king Edward's father made sorrow without end/ for because he might not speak with his wife nor with his son/ wherefore he was in moche mischief For though it were so that he was lad & ruled by false counsel/ yet was he king Edwardes son called Edward with the long shanks/ & came out of the worthiest blood of all the world/ & they to whom he was wont to give great gifts & large/ were most privy with the king his son/ & they were his enemies both by night & by day that ꝓcured to make debate & contake between him & his son and Isabel his wife. But the frere preachers were to him good friends evermore/ & cast both by night & by day how they might bring him out of prison. And among their company that the freres had privily brought there was a frere that called Dunhened/ & he had ordained & gathered a great company of folk to keep at the need/ but the frere was taken & put in the castle of Pounfret/ & there he died in prison/ & sir Henry earl of Lancastre that had the kings father in keeping through commandment of the king delivered Edward the kings father by endenture to sir Thomas of Berkeley/ & so sir john Mautrevers & they led him from the castle of Kenilworth to the castle of Berkley/ & kept him there safely And at cester next after his crownation the king ordained an huge host for to fight against the Scots. And sir john the earls brother of Henaud came from beyond the see for to help king Edward/ & brought with him. seven. C. men of arms/ & arrived at Dover/ & they had leave for to go forth till they came to york where as the king them abode/ & the Scots came thither to the king for to make peace & accord/ but the accordment lasted not between them but a little tyme. And at the time the englishmen were clothed all in coats & hodes painted with 〈◊〉 & with flowers full seemly with long beards/ & therefore the Scots made a bill that was fastened upon the church doors of saint Peter'S toward stengace/ & thus said the scripture in despite of Englishmen. ¶ Long beards bertles/ painted hodes witless/ gay coats graceless/ maketh England thryftles.  
ON trinity sunday next after began the contake in the cite of York between the englishmen and the henaud's/ & in that debate were slain of the earldom of Nycholl & murdered. 〈◊〉. men/ & after they were buried under a stone in saint Clementes church in 〈…〉 gate. And because that the henaud's came to help the king/ their peas was cried upon pain of life & limb & in that other half it was found by an inquest of the cite that the englishmen began the debate.   

¶ How the englishmen stopped the Scots in the park of Stanhope/ & how they returned again into scotland.  
ANd at the time the Scots had assembled all their power & came in to england & slew & rob all that they might take/ & also brent & destroyed all the north country throughout till that they came to the park of Stanhope in wire dale/ & there the Scots held them in a bushment. But when the king had herd through certain spies where the scots were/ anon right with his host besieged them within the foresaid park/ so that the Scots wist not where to go out/ but only to their harms/ & they abode in the park xu days/ & victuals failed them on every side/ so that they were greatly appaired of their bodies. And sith the Brute came first in to britain to this time there was never seen so fair an host what of Englishmen & of aliens & of men on foot/ the which ordained them for to fight with the Scots/ through egging of sir Henry of Lancastre & of sir john of Henaud that would have gone over the water of with for to have fought with the Scots. But sir Roger mortimer consented not thereto/ for he had privily taken meed of the Scots to help them that they might go in to their country. And this Mortimer counseled so moche Thomas of Brotherton the earl Martial that was king Edward's uncle that the foresaid Thomas should not assemble at that time unto the Scots/ & he assented but he wist not the doing between the Scots & the foresaid Mortimer. And because that he was Marshal of england & to him pertained ever the vauntwarde/ he sent hastily to the earl of Lancastre & to sir john of Henaud that they should not fight with the Scots/ in prejudice & harming of him & his fee/ & if they did that they should stand to their own peril. And the foresaid earl Martial was all arrayed with his battle at the reredoos of the earl of Lancastre for to have fought with him & with his folk/ if he had moved for to fight with the Scots. And in this manner he was deceived/ & wist nothing of the treason. And thus was the king principally deceived. And when it was night mortimer that had the watch for to keep of the host y● night/ dystroubled the watch that nothing might be done. And in the mean while the Scots stole by night toward their own country as fast as they might. And so was the king falsely betrayed/ that wend that all the traitors of his land had been brought to an end as it was said before Now here ye lords how traitorously the king Edward was deceived/ and how marvelously & boldly the Scots did of war. For james Douglas with two hundred men of arms road throughout all the host of king Edward/ the same night the Scots escaped toward their own country as is above said till that they came to the kings pavilion/ and slew there many men in their beds/ & cried naward naward/ & an other time a douglas a douglas. Wherefore the king that was in his pavilion & much other folk were wonders sore afraid. But blessed be god the king was not taken/ & in great peril was than the realm of England. And the night the moan shone full clear & bright. And for all the kings men the Scots escaped harmless. And on the morrow when the king wist that the Scots were escaped in to their own country/ he was wonders sorry/ & full heartily wept with his young eyen/ & yet wist he not who had done him the treason/ but that false treason was full well known a good while after as the story telleth. Than king Edward came again to york full sorrowful/ & his host departed/ and every man went in to his own country with full heavy cheer and mourning semblant/ & the henaud's took their leave & went in to their own country/ & the king for their travail hugely rewarded them. And for because of that viage the king had dispended moche of his treasure & wasted. ¶ And in that time were seen two moans in the firmament/ that one was clear and that other was dark/ as men might see through the world. And a great debate was the same time against pope john the xxij after saint Peter/ & the emperor of almain though made him emperor against the pope's will/ that though held his see at Auinyon Wherefore the emperor made his cry at Rome & ordained an other pope that height Nicholas that was a frere Minour/ & that was against the right of holy church/ wherefore he was cursed/ & the power of that other pope soon was laid. And because that such marvels were seen: men said that the world was nigh at an end.   

¶ Of the death of king Edward of Carnarvan.  
ANd now go we again to sir Edward of Carnarvan that was king Edward's father sometime king of England/ & was put down of his dignity. Alas for his tribulation & sorrow that him befell through false counsel that he loved & trusted upon to much/ that afterward were destroyed through their falseness as god would. And this Edward of Carnarvan was in the castle of Berkeley/ under the keeping of sir Moryce of Berkeley and sir john of Mautrevers/ & to them he made his complaint of his sorrow & of his disease. And oft times asked of his wardens what he had trespassed against dame Isabella his wife & sir Edward his son that was made new king that they would not visit him. And than answered one of his wardens & said. My worthy lord displease you not that I shall tell you/ the cause is/ for it is done them to understand/ that if my lady your wife come any thing nigh you/ that ye would her strangle & slay/ & also that ye would do to my lord your son the same. Than answered he with a simple cheer Alas alas am not I in prison/ and all at your own will/ now god it wot I never thought it/ & now I would that I were deed/ so would to god that I were/ for than were all my sorrow passed. It was not long after that the king through counsel of Roger mortimer granted the ward & keeping of sir Edward his father to sir Thomas Toiourney/ & to the foresaid sir john Mautrevers through the kings letter/ & put out holly the foresaid sir Moryce of the ward of the king. And they took & led the king to the castle of Corf▪ the which castle the king hated as any death. And they kept him there till it came unto saint Mathewes day in September in the year of grace. M. CCC xxvii that the foresaid sir Roger Mortimer sent the manner of the death/ how & in what wise he should be put to death. And anon as the foresaid Thomas & john had seen y● 〈◊〉 & commandment/ they made king Edward of Carnarvan good cheer & good solace as they might at the supper/ and no thing the king wist of the treason. And when time was for to go to bed the king went unto his bed & lay and slept fast. And as the king lay & slept the traitors false for sworn against their homage & feaute came privily in to the kings chambre/ & their company with them/ & laid an huge table upon his womb/ & with men pressed & held fast down the four corners of the table on his body/ wherewith the good man awoke and was wonders sore adread to be deed there & slain/ & turned his body though up so down. Than took the falls traitors & tyrants an horn & put it in to his fundament as deep as they might/ & took a spit of copper brenning/ & put it through the horn in to his body/ and oft times therewith thyrled his bowels/ & so they slew their lord that nothing was perceived/ & was buried at Glocestre.   

¶ How king Edward spoused Philip the earls daughter of Henaud at York.  
ANd after christmas than next following sir john of Henaud brought with him Philip his brother's daughter that was earl of Henaud his niece in to england/ & king Edward spoused her at York with moche honour. And sir john of Bothum bishop of Ely and sir William of Melton archbishop of york sang the mass the sunday on the even of the conversion of saint Paul/ in the year of grace. M. CCC xxvij But because that the king was young and tender of age when he was crowned/ full many wrongs were done while that his father lived because that he believed the counselors that were falls about him to do otherwise than reason would/ wherefore great harm was done to the realm & to the king/ & all men directed it to the kings deed/ & it was not so/ almighty god it knoweth. Wherefore it was ordained at the kings crowning that the king for his tender age should be governed by twelve of the greatest lords of England/ without whom no thing should be done/ that is to say/ the archbishop of Caunterbury/ the archbishop of york/ the bishop of wynchestre/ & the bishop of Herford/ the earl of Lancastre/ the earl Martial/ & the earl of Kent that were the kings uncles/ & the earl of Garen/ sir Thomas wake/ sir Henry Percy/ sir Oliver of yngham/ & john of Roos barons. All these were sworn truly for to counsel the king/ & they should answer every year in the parliament of that that should be done in the time of their governal. But the ordinance was soon undone/ & that was much harm to all england. For the king & all the lords the should govern him were governed and ruled after the kings mother dame Isabella/ & by sir Roger Mortimer. And as they would all thing was done/ both among high & low. And they took unto them castles/ towns/ lands/ & rents/ in great harm & loss to the crown/ & of the kings estate out of measure.   

¶ How the peace was made between the Englisshmen & the Scots/ and also of justifying of Troylebaston.  
king Edward at whitsuntide in the second year of his regne/ through the counsel of his mother & sir Roger Mortimer ordained a parliament at Northampton. And at that parliament the king through their counsel/ & none other of the land within age granted to be accorded with the Scots in this manner. That all the fealties and homages that the Scots should do unto the crown of England forgave them for ever more by his chartre ensealed. And furthermore an endenture was made of the Scots unto king Edward that was king Henry's son/ which endenture they called ragman/ in the which were contained all the homages & fealties first of the king of scotland & of all the prelate's/ earls & barons of the realm of scotland/ with their seals set thereon/ and other charters & remembrances that king Edward and his barons had of their right in the foresaid realm of Scotlond/ it was forgiven them against holy church. And also with the black cross of scotland/ the which the good king Edward conquered in scotland/ and brought it out of the abbey of Scone/ that is a full precious relic. And also furthermore he relesed & forgave all the lands that the barons of England had in scotland by old conquest. ¶ And this peace for to be hold and last the Scots were bound unto the king in xxx M. pound of silver to be paid within three year/ that is every year ten M. pound by even portions. And furthermore above all this they spoke between the parties above said/ that david Dritonautier that was king Robert the Brus sone the falls tyrant & falls forsworn against his oath that arose against his lyege lord the noble and good king Edward/ and falsely made him king of Scotland/ that was of the age of .v. year. And so through this cursed counsel David spoused at Barwyk dame jone of the tour/ that was king Edward's sister/ as the gest telleth upon Mary Magdaleyns' day/ in the year of grace. M. CCC. and xxviij to great harm & empayring of all the kings blood/ whereof that gentle lady came/ alas the time/ for wonders moche was that fair damosel desparaged sith that she was married against all the comyns assent of England. And fro the time that Brute had conquered Albion/ & named the land after his own name britain/ that now is called England/ after the name of Engyst/ and so the realm of scotland was holden of the realm of England/ & of the crown by feaute & homage. For Brute conquered that land/ and gave it to Albanack that was his second son/ and he called that land Albayn after his own name/ so that the heirs that came after him should hold of Brute and of his heirs/ that is to say of the kings of britain by feaute & homage. And from that time unto this time of king Edward/ the realm of scotland was holden of the realm of England by feaute & service as above is said in the chronicles of England & of scotland/ and beareth witness more plenarly. ¶ And cursed be the time that this parliament was holden at Northampton. For there through falls counsel the king was there falsely disherited/ & yet he was within age. And yet when that king Edward was put out of his royalty of England/ yet men put not him out of the fealties & service of scotland/ ne of the franchises disherited him for evermore. And nevertheless the great lords of england were against to confirm the peace & the truce above said/ save only queen Isabella that was the kings mother Edward/ and the bishop of Ely/ and the lord Montmer. But reason & law would not that a final peace should be made between them without the common assent of England.   

¶ Of the debate that was between queen Isabella & sir Henry earl of Lancastre & of leicester/ & of the riding of Bedford.  
When the foresaid David had spoused dame jone of the tour in the town of Barwik (as before is said) the Scots in despite of the englishmen called dame jone the countess make peace for the cowardly peas that was ordained. But the kings person bore all the wite & blame with wrong of the making of the accord. And all was done through the queen & Roger M●rtymer. And it was not long after that the queen Isabella ne took in to her hands all the lordship of Pountfret almost all the lands that were of any value that appertained to the crown of England. So that the king had not for to dispend but of his uses & of his exchequer. For the queen Isabella & Mortimer had a gre●e meinie of their retinue that followed evermore the kings court/ & went & took the kings prices for her penny worths at good cheap. Wherefore the country that they came in/ were full sore adread and almost destroyed of them. Than began the commonalty of England for to have envy to Isabella the queen that so moche loved her before when she came again fro France for to pursue the false traitors the Spensers. And in that same time the false traitor Robert of Holland that be●rayed his lord sir Thomas of lancaster/ was than delivered out of prison/ & was wonders privy with the queen Isabella & also with Roger Mortimer. But that availed him but little/ for he was taken at michaelmas next following as he road toward the queen Isabella to London/ & sir Thomas wither smote of his heed besides the town of saint Albon. And this sir Thomas dwelled with sir Henry earl of Lancastre/ & he put him aside for dread of the queen/ for she loved him wonders moche/ & prayed unto the king for him that the same Thomas might be exiled out of England. And the noble earl sir Henry of Lancastre had oftentimes heard the common damour of the Englishmen/ of that disease that was done in England/ & also for divers wrongs that were done to the common people. Of the which the king bore the blame with wrong. For he was young & tender of age. And thought as a good man for to do away and slake the slander of the kings person/ if that he might in any manner wise/ so as the king was thereof nothing guilty/ wherefore he was in peril of his life. And so he assembled all his retenaunces & went & spoke with them of the kings honour/ & also for to amend his estate. And sir Thomas Brotherton earl Martial/ and sir Edmond of woodstock that were the kings uncles/ & also men of London made their oath for to maintain him in that same quarrel. And their cause was this/ that the king should hold his house and his meinie as a king ought to do/ & have all his ryalte/ & that the queen Isabella should deliver out of her hands in to the kings hands all manner lordships/ rents/ towns & castles that appertained unto the crown of england as other queens did before her/ and meddle with none other thing. And also that sir Roger Mortimer should abide & dwell upon his own lands/ for the which lands he had helped to disherit moche people/ in so much that the common people were destroyed through wrongful taking. And also to inquire how & by whom the king was betrayed & falsely deceived at Stan hope/ and through whose counsel that the Scots went away by night from the king. And also how and through whose counsel the ordinance that was made at the kings crownation was put down/ that is for to say/ that the king for amendment and helping of the realm/ and in honour of him should be governed and ruled by twelve of the greatest and wisest lords of the realm/ and without them should nothing be granted ne done (as before is said) the which covenants were maliciously put down from the king/ wherefore many harms shames & reproves have fallen to the king and his realm. And that is to understand for as much as Edward sometime king of England was ordained by assent of the commonalty in plain parliament for to be under the ward & governance of Henry earl of Lancastre his cousin for salvation of his body/ he was taken out of the castle of Ken●●worth where he was in ward/ & through colour of queen Isabella & of Mortimer without consent of any parliament they took & lad him where as never after none of his kynrede might speak with him/ & after trey toursly murdered him/ for whose death arose a slander through all christendom when it was done. And also the treasure that sir Edward of Carnarvan left in many places 〈◊〉 england & in wales was wasted & borne away without the will of king Edward his son/ in destruction of him and all his folk. ¶ Also through whose counsel that the king gave up the kingdom of scotland/ for the which realm the kings ancestors had full sore travailed/ and so did many a noble man for their right/ & was delivered to David that was Robert the Brus sone all the right that no right had to the realm/ as all the world it wist. ¶ And also by whom the charters & remembrances that they had of the right of Scotland were taken out of the tresoury & taken to the Scots the kings enemies/ to the dysheryting of him & his successors/ & to great harm of his lieges/ & great reproof to all englishmen for evermore. ¶ Also wherefore ●ame jone of the tour king Edward's sister was disparaged & married to David that was Robert the Brus sone/ that was a traitor & enemy to england/ & through whose counsel she was taken in to our enemies hands out of england. ¶ And in the mean while the good earl Henry of Lancastre & his company took counsel how these points above said might be amended to the worship of the king & to his profit/ & to the profit also of his lieges. ¶ And the queen Isabella through conjecting & subtlety & also of mortimer let ordain a parliament at Salysbury. And at that parliament was Mortimer made earl of March against all the barons will of England in prejudice of the king & his crown. And sir john of Eltham the kings brother was girt with a sword of cornwall/ & though was called earl of Cornewayl. And evermore queen Isabella ꝓcured so moche anent her son the king/ that she had the ward of the foresaid sir Edward & of his lands. And at that parliament the earl of Lancastre would not come/ but ordained his power against queen Isabella & mortimer/ and men of London ordained them with .v. C. men of arms. When queen Isabella wist of the doing/ she swore by god & by his names full angrily/ that in an evil time he thought upon those points. Than sent the queen Isabella & Mort●mer after their retinue/ & after the kings retinue so that they had ordained among them an huge host. And they so counseled the king/ that upon a night they road. twenty-three mile toward Bedford/ where as the earl of Lancastre was with his company & thought to have destroyed him/ & that night she road beside the king her son as a knight armed for dread of death. And it was done the king to understand the the earl Henry of Lancastre & his company would have destroyed the king & his counsel for evermore/ wherefore the king was somedeal towards him heavy and annoyed. ¶ When the earl Martial & the earl of Kent the kings brother heard of these tidings/ they ●ode so in message between them/ that the king granted him his peace to the earl Henry of Lancastre for a certain ransom of. x●. M. pound. But that was never paid after ward. And these were the lords the held with sir Henry of lancaster/ sir Henry Beaumont/ sir Fouk fitz war●● sir Thomas Rocelyn/ sir William Trussell syrr Thomas wither/ & about an ●ondred knights moo than were to him consented/ & all those were ex●led through counsel of queen Isabella and of Mor●●mer for mortimer waited for to have their lands if that he might through any manner coniecting/ for he was to co 〈…〉 us & had to moche will/ & that was great py●e.   

¶ How king Edward went over the see for to do his homage to the king of France for the duchy of Guienne.  
IT was not long after the the king of France through counsel of his Douzepers sent unto king Edward of England that he should come to Paris and do his homage (as reason it would) for the duchy of Guienne/ & so through counsel of the lords of England king Edward went over the see/ & at the ascension tide he came to Paris the third year of his regne for to do his homage unto the king of France. And the king received his homage/ & made of him moche joy & worship. But when king Edward had done his homage/ hastily he was sent for in to England through the queen Isabella his mother/ & anon hastily he came again in to england upon whitsunday without taking leave of the king of France/ wherefore he was wonders wroth.   

¶ How sir Roger Mortimer bore him proudly and wonders high.  
ANd now shall ye here of sir Roger Mortimer of wygmore that desired & coveted to be at an high estate so that the king granted him to be called earl of March/ throughout all his lordship. And he became so proud & so hauteyn that he would lose & forsake the name that his elders had ever before/ & for the cause he let call him earl of March/ and none of the comyns of England durst call him by other name. For he was called so by the kings cry/ that men should call him earl of March. And Mortimer bore him so hauteyne & so proud/ that wonder it was for to wite/ & also disguised him with wonders rich clothes out of all manner of reason/ both of shaping & of wearing. Whereof the englishmen had great wonder/ how & in what manner he might contrive or find such manner pride/ & they said among them comynly that his pride should not long endure. And the same time sir Geffrey Mortimer that was Mortimer'S son let call him king of folly/ & so it befell afterward in deed. For he was so full of pride and of wretchedness/ that he held a round table in Wales to all men that came thither/ & counterfeited the doing & the manner of king Arthur's table/ but openly he failed. For the noble king Arthur was the most noble lord of renome that was in all the world in his time/ & yet came never none such after/ for all the noble knights in all christendom of deeds of arms assayed dwelling with king Arthur/ & held him for their lord & sovereign. And that was well seen/ for he conquered in battle a roman that was called Froll/ and gate of him the realm of France/ & slew him with his own hands. And also he fought with a giant that was called Dinabus & slew him/ that had ravished fair Eleyn that was king Howelles niece king of little britain. And after he slew in battle the emperor of Rome that was called Lucy/ that had assembled against king Arthur for to fight with him so much people of romans & Phethis & sarazens/ that no man could number them/ & he discomfited them all as the story telleth. ¶ And in the same time the common voice sprung in England through conjecting & ordinance of the frere preachers/ that sir Edward of Car naruan/ that was king Edward's father/ of whom the gest telleth/ said that he was alive in the castle of Corf/ wherefore all the comyns of england almost were in sorrow & dread whether it were so or not For they wist not how traitorously Mortimer had done him to be murdered.   

¶ How Edmond of woodstock that was earl of Kent & the kings brother Edward of Carnarvan was heeded at Wynchestre.  
ANd on a certain time it befell so that sir Edmond of wodstock earl of Kent spoke unto the pope john the xxij at Auinyon & said the almighty god had often times done for Thomas lone of Laneastre many great miracles to many men & women/ that were through diverse maladies undone (as unto the world) & through his prayer they were brought to their health/ & so sir Edmond prayed the pope heartily that he would grant him grace that the foresaid Thomas might be translated. But the pope said nay/ that he should not be translated unto the time he were better certified of the clergy of England and seen by their obedience what thing god had done for the love of saint Thomas of Lancastre after the suggestion that the foresaid earl of Kent had made to him. And when this Edmond saw that he might not speed of his purpose as touching the translation/ he prayed him of counsel as touching sir Edward of Carnarvan his brother/ & said not long ago he was king of England/ what thing might best be done as touching his deliverance/ sith that a common fame is through England that he is alive & safe. When the pope heard him tell that sir Edward was alive/ he commanded the earl upon his benison that he should help with all the power that he might that he were delivered out of prison/ & save his body in all that he might/ & to bring this thing to an end he assoiled him & his company (a pena et culpa) & all though the holp to his deliverance. Than took Edmond of woodstock his leave of the pope & came again in to England. And when sir Edmond was comen/ some of the frere preachers came & said that sir Edward his brother yet was alive in the castle of Corf/ under the keeping of sir Thomas Gurney. though sped him the foresaid Edmond as fast as he might till he came to the castle of Corf/ & aqueynted him and spoke so fair with john daverill/ that was constable of the same castle/ & gave him rich gifts to have acquaintance of him & to know of his counsel. And thus it befell that the foresaid sir Edmond prayed specially to tell him privily of his lord his brother sir Edward/ if that he lived or were deed/ & if he were alive he prayed him ones to have a sight of him. And this sir john daverill was a high hearted man & full of courage/ & answered shortly to sir Edmond & said/ that sir Edward his brother was in health & under his keeping/ & durst not show him to no man sith it was defended him in the kings half Edward that was Edwardes son of Carnarvan/ & also by the commandment of queen Isabella the kings mother/ & of sir Roger mortimer/ that he should show his body to no man of the world/ save only to them upon life & limb & disheryting of his heirs for evermore But the falls traitor falsely lied/ for he was not in his ward/ but he was taken thence & lad to the castle of Berkeley by sir Thomas Gurney/ by commandment of Mortimer till he was deed as before is said/ but sir Edmond of woodstock wist no thing that sir Edward his brother was deed/ whereupon he took a letter to king Edward his brother as to his worthy lord. And received the letter of him & behight him to do his message without any fail. And with that sir Edmond took leave of the foresaid john & went in to his own country & lordship in Kent that he had there. And anon as this same john wist that sir Edmond was gone in to Kent his own lordship/ he went in all the haste that be might fro the castle of Corf & came to sir Roger Mortimer/ & took him the letter that sir Edmond of woodstock earl of Kent had taken him closed & ensealed with his own seal. And when sir Roger Mortimer had received the letter/ he unclosed it & saw what was contained therein/ & began to read it/ whereof the beginning was this. ¶ Worships' & reverence with brothers legiance and subjection. Sir knight worshipful & dear brother/ if it please you I pray you heartily that ye be in good comfort/ for I shall so ordain for you/ that ye shall come out of prison & be delivered of that disease that ye be in. And understand of your great lordship that I have to mine assenting almost all the great lords of England with all their apparel/ that is to say/ with armour/ with treasure without number/ for to maintain your quarrel/ so farforth that ye shall be king again as ye were before/ & that they have sworn to me upon a book/ & as well prelate's as earls & barons. When sir Roger Mortimer saw & understood the might & the strength of the letter/ anon his heart for wrath began to boil & evil heart bare toward sir Edmond of woodstock that was earl of Kent/ & with all the haste that he might he went unto dame Isabella the queen that was the kings mother & showed her sir Edmondes' letter/ his will & his purpose/ & how that he had conjected & ordained to put down king Edward of wyndsore her son of his ryalte & of his kingdom. Now certes sir Roger said she/ hath sir Edmond done so now by my faders soul said she I will be thereof avenged/ if that god grant me life/ & that in a short tyme. And with that the queen Isabel went to king Edward her son there as he was at the parliament at Wynchestre for to amend the wrongs & the trespasses that were done among the people of his realm/ & she took and showed him the letter that sir Edmond of wodstock had made and ensealed with his own seal/ and bad him upon her blessing that he should be avenged upon sir Edmonde as upon his deadly enemy. Than was the queen sore wroth toward sir Edmonde earl of Kent/ and cessed never to pray unto her son till that he had sent in all the haste after him. And upon that the king sent by his letters after sir Edmond of woodstock/ that he should come & speak with him at Wynchestre all manner things left. And when sir Edmond saw that the king sent after him with his letters ensealed he hasted him in all that he might till that he came to wynchestre. But when the queen wist that sir Edmonde was comen to wynchestre/ anon she went & prayed so fast unto king Edward her son that the good earl was arrested anon and lad unto the bar before Robert of Hamond that was Crowner of the kings household/ & he assocyed to him sir Roger Mortimer. And than spoke the foresaid Robert & said. Sir Edmond earl of Kent/ ye shall understand that it is done us to wite/ & principally unto our lyege lord the king Edward of England almighty god him save & keep/ that ye be his deadly enemy & a traitor/ & also a common enemy unto the realm/ & that ye have been about many a day for to make privy deliverance of sir Edward sometime king of England your brother the which sometime was put down of his royalty by the common assent of the lords of England in appeasing of our lord the kings estate/ & also of his realm. Than answered the good man & said. Forsooth sir understand well that I was never traitor to my king/ ne to the realm/ & that I do me on god & on all the world/ & therefore by my kings leave I shall it prove & defend as a man ought to do. Than said mortimer. Sir Edmonde it is so farforth known that it may not be well gainsaid/ & that in presence of all that be here it shall be well proved Now had this false Mortimer the same letter that sir Edmond had taken to sir john daverill in the castle of Corf for to take to king Edward his brother that sir Edmonde wist not of/ ne supposed nothing that sir john daverill had been so falls to deliver his letter in such wise to Mortimer/ & thought no manner thing of the letter. Than Mortimer said to sir Edmonde & showed the letter sealed/ & asked him if that he knew that letter & the seal. This sir Edmond looked thereon & advised him long time on the print of the seal/ for he might not see the letter within/ & wist well that it was his seal/ & thought that it had been some letter that had borne no great charge/ & thought nothing on that other letter/ & said openly in hearing of them all. Ye forsooth this is my seal/ & I will it not forsake. Loo said mortimer/ sirs ye here all what he hath said & that he knowledgeth that this is his letter & his seal/ & now ye shall here what is contained therein. And than this Mortimer opened the letter that he had folden afore together/ & red it openly word by word in hearing of them all. And when the letter was red he said/ loo sirs ye have herd all that here is written/ & that he hath knowledged that this is his letter & his seal & he may not go therefro. And than they cried & gave doom that he should be hanged & drawn & his heed smitten of in manner of a traitor/ & he & his heirs disherited for evermore/ & so he was lad forth & put in to prison. And when this was done/ & the queen wist that he was dampened by way of the law both of life and limb/ & his heirs disherited for ever more/ through open knowledging in plain court/ wherefore them thought that it were good that the foresaid sir Edmond were hastily slain without wyting of the king/ or else the king would lightly forgive him his death/ & than it should turn them to much sorrow/ so as he was impeached. And anon the queen through counsel of Mortimer/ & without any other counsel/ sent in haste to the bailiff of wynchestre that he should sinyte of sir Edmondes' heed of wood 〈…〉 ok earl of Kent without any manner abiding or respite/ upon pain of life & limb/ & that he should have none other execution because of tarrying/ not withstanding the judgement. Than took the bailiff sir Edmond out of prison/ & lad him beside the castle of wynchestre/ & there they made a gongfermer to smite of his died for none other durst do it. And so he died there/ alas the while/ that is to say y●. 〈◊〉. day of October/ the third year of king Edwardes regne. And when the king wist thereof/ he was wonders sorry/ & let bury him at the frere Minours at winchester.   

¶ Of the death of sir Roger mortimer earl of March.  
ANd so it befell at the time that sir Roger Mortimer earl of march was so proud & so hawteyne that he held no lord of the realm his peer. And than became he so covetous that he followed dame Isabella the queens court that was king Edward's mother/ & beset his pennyworths with the officers of the queens household in the same manner that the kings officers did. And so he made his taking as touching victuals/ & also of carriages/ & all he did for because of expenses and to gather treasure/ & so he did without number in all that he might. Than made he him wonders privy with the queen Isabella/ and so much lordship & retinue he had/ that all the great lords of England of him were adread. Wherefore the king & his counsel towards him were aggrieved/ & ordained among them to undo him through pure reason and law/ because that king Edward that was the kings father tray●oursly through him was murdered in the castle of Corf/ as before is said more plainly in the same part of this book of his death. And some that were of the kings counsel loved Mortimer/ & told him in previte how that the king & his counsel were about from day to day him for to destroy & undo. Wherefore Mortimer was sore annoyed and angry as the devil against them that were of the kings counsel/ & said he would of them be avenged how so ever he took on. It was not long afterward that king Edward and dame Philip his wife/ & dame Isabella the kings mother/ & sir Roger mortimer ne went unto Notyngham there for to sojourn. And so it befell that queen Isabella through counsel of Mortimer took to her the keys of the gates of the castle of Notyngham/ so that no man might come in nor out by night/ but through commandment of Mortimer/ ne the king nor none of his counsel. And that time it befell so that Mortimer as a devil for wrath boiled/ & also for wrath the he had against the kings men/ & principally against them that had accused him to the king of the death of sir Edward his father. And privily a counsel was taken between queen Isabella & mortimer & the bishop of Lyncolne and sir Symond of Bedford & sir Hugh of Trompyngton & other privy of their counsel for to undo them all the had accused Mortimer unto the king of his faders death of treason & of felony. Wherefore all those that were of the kings counsel when they wist of Mortimer's casting/ privily came to king Edward & said that Mortimer would destroy them because they had accused him of king Edward's death his father and prayed him that he would maintain them in their right. And these were the lords that pursued this quarrel/ sir William of Mountagu/ sir umfrey de Boghun/ sir William his brother/ sir Rauf of Stafford/ sir Robert of Herford/ sir William of Clinton/ sir john nevil of Nornby and many other of their consent/ and all these swore upon a book to maintain the quarrel in as much as they might. And it befell so after that sir William of Mountagu ne none of the kings friends must not be herborowed in the castle for Mortimer/ but went and took their herborowe in divers places of the town of Notyngham. And though were they sore adread lest that Mortimer should destroy them/ and in haste came unto king Edward sir William of Mountagu that than was in the castle/ and privily told him that he nor none of his company should not take Mortimer without counsel & help of William of Eland constable of the same castle. Now truly said the king I love you well/ & therefore I counsel you that ye go to the foresaid constable and command him in my name that he be your friend and your help for to take Mortimer/ all thing left upon peril of life & limb. Than said Mountagu/ sir my lord grant mercy. Than went forth the foresaid Mountagu and came to the constable of the castle/ and told him the kings will. And he answered & said the kings will should be done in as much as he might/ and that he would not spare for no manner death/ and so he swore and made his oath. Than said sir William of Mountagu to the constable/ in hearing of all them that were helping unto the same quarrel. Now certes dear friend/ us behoveth to work and do by your advise for to take mortimer/ sith that ye be keeper of the castle & have the keys in your ward. Sir said the constable ye shall understand that the gates of the castle been locked with the locks that dame Isabella sent hither/ and by night she hath the keys thereof & layeth them under the levesell of the bed till on the morrow/ and so ye may not come in to the castle by the gates in no manner of wise/ but I know an alley that stretcheth out of the ward under the earth in to the foresaid castle/ that goth in to the west which alley dame Isabella the queen ne none of her men/ nor mortimer ne none of his company knoweth it not. And so I shall lead you through the alley/ and so ye shall come in to the castle without espying of any men that be your enemies. And the same night sir William Mountagu & all the lords of his quarrel/ & the same constable also went to horse them/ & made semblant as it were for to go out of Mortimer's sight. But anon as Mortimer heard these tidings/ he wend that they would have gone over see for fere of him And anon he & his company took a counsel among them for to let their passage/ & sent letters anon to the ports/ so that none of the great lords should go home to their own countries but if they were arrested & taken. And among other things William Eland constable of the foresaid castle/ privily lad sir William of Mountagu & his company by the foresaid way under the earth till they came in to the castle/ & went up in to the tour where as mortimer was in. But sir Hugh of Trompyngton them escryed hideously & said. A traitors it is all for nought that ye be comen in to this castle ye shall die yet an evil death everichone And anon one of them that was in Mountagues company by with a mace & smote the same Hugh upon the heed that the brain braced out & fell on the ground/ & so died he an evil death. Than took they mortimer as he armed him at the towers door when he heard the noise of them for dread And when queen Isabella saw the mortimer was taken/ she made moche sotowe in heart/ and these words to them said. Now fair sirs I pray you that ye do no harm to his body a worthy knight our well-beloved friend & our dear cousin. Than went they thence & came & brought Mortimer & presented him unto king Edward. And he commanded to bring him in safe ward. But anon as they that were consenting unto Mortimer's doing herd tell that he was taken/ they went and hid them/ and p●●urly by night went out of the town everich in to his country with an heavy heart & mourning cheer/ and lived upon their lands as well as they might. And so that same year that mortimer was taken he had at his retinue ix score knights without squires and sergeants of arms and foot men. And than was mortimer lad to London/ & sir Symond of Bedford was lad with him/ and was taken to the constable of the tour to keep. But afterward was Mortymers life examined at Westmynster before the king & before all the great lords of England/ for peril that might fall to the realm/ & to inquire also which were consenting to sir Edward's death the kings father/ and also through whom the Scots escaped fro Scanhope in to scotland without the will of king Edward. And also how that charter of Ragman was delivered unto the Scots/ wherein the homages & frautees of the lords of scotland were contained/ that the Scots should do ever more unto the english king for the realm of Scotland/ wherefore in his absence he was dampened to be draw●● & hanged for his treason. And this mischief came to him on saint Andrew's even/ in the year of the incarnation of our lord jesus Chryst. M. CCC. and rxx.   

¶ Now king Edward gate again unto him graciously the homages & frances of scotland/ whereof he was put out through false counsel of queen Isabella his mother & sir Roger mortimer/ that was newly made earl of March●.  
NOw have ye herd how sir john Bayloll in the time of peace was chosen to be king of scotland/ because that he came of the eldest daughter of the earl David of Huntyngton that was king Alysaunders brother of Scotlond that died without heir of his body begotten. And how this john made his feaute and homage to king Edward Henry's son the third for his lands of scotland. And how he afterward withsayd his homage through counsel of the Scots/ in the year of our lord. M. CC lxxiiij and sent unto the pope through a falls suggestion that he made his oath unto the foresaid king Edward over his estate & his will of the which oath the pope him assoiled through his bulls to him sent. And anon as king Edward wist thereof/ he ordained anon his barons & came to Barwyk & conquered the town/ at which conquest there were slain xxv M. and seven. C. and Bayloll that was king of scotland came & yielded him to good king Edward/ & the king afterward delivered him out of the tour of London/ & all the great lords with him that though were taken at Barwyk/ & gave them safeconduct to go in to scotland. And the Scots ●ith through their falseness warred upon the good king Edward. And when sir john Bayloll king of scotland saw all this he went over see unto Dunpier and lived there upon his lands as well as he might till that the Scots would amend them of their mysoedes & trespass & ●ad with him sir Edward his son/ wherefore the Scots in despite of him called him sir john Turnlabaerd/ for because that he would not offend ne trespass against the good king Edward of England. And so he forsook his realm of scotland/ and set thereof but little price. And this sir johan dwelled long time in France till that he died there. And sir Edward his son received his heritage/ & did homage to the king of France/ for his lands of Dunpier. And so it befell afterward that Edward that was john Baylols son had with him a squire of england that was borne in yorkshyre/ that was called john of Barnaby/ & this Edward Bayloll loved him moche/ & was nigh him and full privy. And so this john of Barnaby was in debate with a french man in the town of Dumpier/ & so he slew him & went his way in all the haste that he might in to the castle for to have help of his lord. And anon came the officers of the town to take john of Barnaby as a fellow/ & sir Edward his lord holp him & rescued him/ & by night made him go out of the castle/ & so he went his way & came in to England without any harm. And when the king of France saw that sir Edward had rescued his fellow/ he became wonders wroth against sir Edward/ & anon let arrest him/ & took in to his hands all his lands. Than dwelled sir Edward in prison unto the time that sir Henry of Beaumond came in to France/ the which Henry was sometime earl of Angos in scotland through his wife & was put out thereof when the accordment was between England and Scotlond through queen Isabella & Roger Mortimer & their company/ for the marriage that she made between david that was Robert the Brus sone & dame jone of the tour king Edward's sister of england/ & well understood this that at the end he should come to his right/ but if it were sir Edward Bayloll that was right heir of the realm of scotland. And the king of France Louis loved much this sir Henry/ & he was with him full privy/ & thought for to make a deliverance of sir Edward Bayloll if he might in any manner of wise. though prayed he the king the it would please his noble grace to grant him sir Edward Baylols' body unto the next parliament that he might live with his own tents in the mean time/ & that he might stand to be judged with his peers at the parliament. And the king granted him his prayer/ & made the foresaid Edward to be delivered out of prison in the manner above said. And anon as he was out of prison/ sir Henry took him forth with him & lad him in to england/ & made him dwell privily at the manner of Sandhall upon Ouse in yorkshire with the lady Vescy. And so he ordained him there an huge retinue of englishmen & also of aliens for to conquer again his heritage. And so he gave moche silver to the soldiers & to aliens for to help him And they behyght for to help him in that they might/ but they failed him at his most need. And at that time Donald earl of Moryf heard tell how that sir Edward Baylol was privily come in to england & came to him & made great joy of his coming again/ and said to him & behyght him that all the great lords of scotland should be to him attendant/ & should hold him for king as right heir of Scotland/ & did to him homage & feaute. Than came sir Henry of Beaumond to king Edward of England/ & prayed him in the way of charity that he would grant of his grace to sir Edward Bayloll that he might safely go by land from Sandhal unto Scotland to conquer his right & heritance in scotland. The king answered & said. If that I suffer Bayloll go through my land in to scotland/ the people would say that I should be assenting unto the company. Now sir I pray you that ye would give him leave to take with him soldiers of english men that they might safely lead him through your land in to Scotland. And sir upon this covenant that if it so befall (as god it forbid) he be discomfited in battle through the Scots/ that I & also all the lords that hold with Bayloll been for ever more out of your rents that we have in England. And there the king upon this covenant granted their bone as touching him & those that were of the same quarrel the which claimed for to have lands & rents in the realm of Scotland And these were the names of those lords that pursued this foresaid quarrel that is to say/ sir Edward Bayloll the which challenged the realm of scotland, sir Henry Beaumond earl of Angos/ sir David of Stroboly earl of Atheles/ sir 〈◊〉 frey of Mombray/ Walter Comyn and many other that were put out of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 rytage in scotland when the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made between England & S 〈…〉 〈◊〉 before is said. And ye shall 〈◊〉 that these lords took with them .v. C. 〈◊〉 of arms and two M. archers & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & tho went in to ship at 〈◊〉 and sailed by the see till that they 〈◊〉 unto scotland/ & came to land 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 kehorne twelve mile from sayn● Ioh 〈…〉 town. And anon sent out their 〈◊〉 pes again/ for that they should no● 〈◊〉 hurt ne impaired/ neither that no man should go in to the ships again though that they had need/ but abide all 〈◊〉 and not ●●ee but stand/ & rather 〈◊〉 death than flee for to main 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quarrel. When the earl of Fi 〈…〉 a 〈◊〉 man & a stern herd that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 comen for to take the land of scotland he came in haste to kynkehorne with xij. M. scots for to destroy him that he should not come to land. But sir Edward Bayloll & his company discomfited him there/ at the which discomfiture sir Alysaunder of Seron was there slain/ & many other. The earl of Fyffe was tho sore & full ill ashamed/ that so little a company had dyscomfy●●d him and shamefully put him & all his company that were alive for to flee. Than came sir Edward Bayloll & took the country all about him till he came unto the abbey of Dunfermelin/ & there he found victuals for him & for his folk/ and among all things he found in a chambre about .v. C. of great staves of fine oak with long pikes of iron & of steel/ & he took them & delivered them to the most strongest men of his company. And anon after he went from thence & lodged him in a field two mile fro saint johannes town. And when the burgesses of the town heard how the earl of Fife was discomfited through Bayloll/ they were sore adread/ & broke their bridges that they had made over the water of Erne/ so that Baylol might not go over/ wherefore he lodged him there all that night/ but little heed he took of rest/ & said unto his people. Now dear lords ye know full well that we be now lodged between our enemies/ & if they may us hampre there is no boat but death/ wherefore if we abide still here all this night/ I ween it shall turn us to much harm. For the power of scotland may ever wax & increase and we may not so do/ & we be but little people against them/ wherefore I pray you for the love of almighty god make we us bold & hardy/ & that we may mightily take the Scots this night/ and boldly war upon them/ & let us pursue them this night/ & if they be through us travailed & see our hardiness/ other scots that see them so travailed and weary/ the sorer will they be adread with us to fight/ & fiercely than shall we fight with them & on them pursue/ so that through the grace of god all the world shall speak of the dough tynes of our chyvairy. And sirs understand well that all the company that came with sir Edward Bayloll granted well to the counsel/ & were thereof right glad/ and anon pursued upon the Scots that they became wonders weary. And Bayloll & his company sore followed them/ & did them moche harm & sorrow through their assault/ so that they might not for feebleness them help/ and for little people. But though said the Scots among them/ what is now befall that so little people as Bayloll hath in wing doth us so much travail & sorrow. Now certes it seemeth us that he worketh by grace/ for he is wonders gracious in his quarrel/ & we certes shall be deed or that we may come to him us for to yield/ sith that his father set of us no price. And among all other things Bayloll & his people passed the water of Erne/ so that sir Roger of Swynerton the son was fierce & angry & went forth/ & they saw people of arms full well arrayed/ and forth they went unto them & with them fought/ & slew & took as many as would abide. And nevertheless at that assault they wend it had been the great host of scotland. And when it came to the morrow they gathered them together and rested them a while. And while the englishmen rested them/ the noble baron Thomas Vescy & the noble baron of stafford pricked their horses up & down by the hills for to keep the estres of the country/ & as they pricked up and down they saw a great host of good array ordained in their wings with helms and sheldes shining coming upon them. And there came though two lords again to Baylols' folk/ and said. Now for the love of god be of good comfort/ for ye shall have battle anon right. And though spoke sir Fouke the son of Gareyne a baron of great renome and of deeds of arms. Sirs understand what I will say. I have seen many divers wings/ as well among saracens and jews as among the scots/ & yet saw I never the fourth part of the wing fight/ & therefore if ye will abide our enemies we be enough to fight against them. But if we be not of good heart & of good courage we be but lost/ & therefore for the love of god let us take to us good heart/ & let us be bold/ & think we never on our wives ne on our children/ but only to conquer our enemies in battle & through the help of our lord god we shall them overcome. And with that came the host of the Scots toward them full surely & against sir Edward Bayloll in three battles well arrayed in armure/ & wonders fiercely they came toward Baylols' company. But when sir Donald earl of Marcil that was with the Scots saw all this/ he said to Robert Brus the son of Robert the Brus these words. Sir Roberte said he/ full sore me forethinketh at my heart that these people that Bayloll hath brought with him should die with dint of scots swords lieth that they be christian men as we be/ & therefore me thinketh that it were great charity to send unto them for to yield them to our mercy/ & ransom them through grievous ransom/ for as much as they have taken our land & done ill. Now certes said sir Robert the Brus/ I have well perceived that thou art an enemy & a traitor to scotland/ sith that thou wilt consent to save our deadly enemies/ that have done us so much sorrow & shame/ & now it seemeth well that ye be of their assent. Now certes Roberte (said sir Donald) falsely ye lie/ I am not of their company ne of their consent/ & that hastily ye shall see/ for I will fight with them rather than any of this company/ & certes sir Roberte said he I shall in maugre of thy heed assail them or thou. And with that they pricked their steeds fiercely on Gaskmore/ & their wings them followed on a renge/ & though came they & met with Bayloll & his company at an hanging bough of the more in a straight passage/ and so fast they hasted them unto the englishmen that thousands fell to the ground each over other in to an heap both horse & man Sir Bayloll & his men mightily stood against them & fast slew the Scots to the ground/ & many they fore wounded so long till that they stood upon them & foyned them with their swords & spears through their bodies/ and full sore they were travailed upon them/ till that they became wonders weary/ & wist not what for to do. And the Scots that were left alive fled away for to save themself in the best manner that they might. And though pursued them sir Edward  〈…〉 and his men/ & slew of them till it was night. And fro thence they went to saint john's town/ and took it & held them there/ and victualed themself at their own will/ for they found enough where with to make them merry. Than made Bayloll his men that were wounded go to ship for to sail in to England to 〈◊〉 their wounds. And in the time there was a Fleming in the see a strong thief & a robber that was called Crab/ & this flem 〈…〉 was driven out of Flaundres for his wickedness/ & therefore he came in to scotlond to hold with the scots/ & did as me●●e harm to the englishmen as he might to And this Crab met this Bay●e●s men in the see that were wounded before in barren that were sent again in to England 〈◊〉 to hele their wounds/ & this Crab gave to them a great assaure and would have slain them. But the englishmen defended them manfully & dyscomfyced Crab & his company/ & he fled in to scotland. And as he came toward saint john's town/ he found a great company of Scots that were comen again together after the discomfiture of Gaskemore the which besieged Bayloll & his men in the same town of saint john. And anon told to the Scots how that he was discofyted of the englishmen that were wounded at Gaskmore that went toward England for to hele their wounds/ & said to the scots that they should have no power ne might nor grace against Edward Bayloll/ because that he discomfited & impaired all the chivalry of scotland with a handful of men as to account against the Scots that were slain/ wherefore he counseled to remove the siege from saint john's town/ & keep them in the best manner that they might. The Scots understood that Crab said sooth/ & forsook the siege & went thence by night & holp themself in the best manner that they might. When this thing was known through scotland how that the lords & knights were discomfited at Gaskmore of Scotlond through sir Edward Bayloll/ ye shall understand that the lords & ladies & the gentiles of scotland came wonders fast to saint john's town/ & yielded them to Bayloll/ & to him did homage & feaute for their lands/ & yielded them to his peace. And he them received freely/ & fro thence he went to the abbey of Scone/ & there he was crowned king of scotland/ & after he let cry his peace throughout all the land. And at that same time it befell that king Edward held his parliament among his lieges at new castle upon Tyne/ for to amend the trespasses & the wrongs that had been done in his land/ & sir Edward Bayloll king of scotland came to him thither/ & did to him homage & feaute for the realm of scotland. And in this manner king Edward of england gathered again his homages & fealties of Scotlond/ whereof he was put out through counsel & assent of dame Isabella his mother/ & of sir Roger Mortimer earl of March. Than took Baylol king of scotland his leave of king Edward of England/ & went thence in to his own land of scotland & set but little by such as had counseled & helped him in his quarrel/ wherefore they went from him/ & went & lived by their lands & rents in Scotlond. And so it befell not long afterward that the king of scotland ne removed & came to the tour of Anand/ and there took his dwelling/ & thither came to him a company of knights/ strong men & worthy/ and yielded them unto the king/ and bore them so fair in deed & in countenance/ so that he trusted moche upon them. And anon as the traitors saw that he trusted moche upon them/ they ordained among them thirty in a company/ & would have slain their lord the king. But through the grace of almighty god he broke through a wall an hole in his chambre/ & as god would escaped their treachery/ & all his men were slain/ & he escaped with much dread unto the town of cardoil/ & there he held him sore annoyed. And this befell on our ladies even the conception. Than sent king Edward Bayloll to king Edward of england how falsely & traitorously he was in little time put to shame & sorrow through his lyege men/ on whom he trusted wonders much/ & prayed him for the love of god that he would maintain him & help him against his enemies The king of england had of him great pity/ & behyght to help & succour him/ and sent him word that he should hold him in the foresaid cite of cardoil till that he had gathered his power. Than ordained king Edward of England a counsel at London/ & he let gather his men in divers shires of England. And when he was all ready/ he went toward the town of Barwyk upon tweed/ & thither came unto him king Edward Bayloll of scotland with his power & besieged the town/ & made without the town a fair town of pavilions/ & dyked them all about/ so that they had no dread of the Scots/ & made many assaults with gonnes & with other engines to the town/ wherewith they destroyed many fair houses/ and churches also were beaten down to the earth with great stones that spitefully came out of gonnes & of other engines. Nevertheless the Scots kept well the town/ that the two kings might not come therein long tyme. And the kings abode there so long till those that were within the town failed victuals & also they were so weary of waking/ that they wist not what to do. And ye shall understand that the Scots that were in the town of Barwyk through the common coum sail and their assent let cry upon the walls of the town that they might have peace of the englishmen/ & thereof they prayed the king of his grace & mercy/ & prayed him of truce for eight days upon this covenant/ that if they were not rescued in that side of the town toward scotland of the Scots within eight days/ that they would yield them unto the king & the town also/ & to hold this covenant they proffered to the king twelve hostages out of the town of Barwyk. When the hostages were delivered to the king/ anon they of the town sent to the Scots/ & told them of their sorrow & mischief. And the Scots came than privily over the water of tweed to y● bought of the abbey/ & sir willyam Diket that was though steward of scotland & many other that came with him/ put themself in great peril of their lives at that time/ for they came over a bridge that was broken & the stones away/ & many of their company were there drowned/ but the foresaid William went over & other of his company/ & came by the ships of England/ & slew in a barge of Hull xuj. men/ & after they went in to the town of Barwik by the water side. Wherefore the Scots held than the town rescowed/ & asked their hostages again of the king of England. And the king sent them word again that they asked their hostages with wrong/ sith that they came in to the town of england side/ for covenant was between them that the town should be rescued by the half of scotland. Than anon commanded king Edward to yield the town or he would hang the hostages. And the Scots said the town was rescued well enough/ and thereto they would them hold. When king Edward saw the Scots break their covenant that they had made/ he was wonders wroth/ & anon let take sir Thomas fitz William & sir Alyfaunder of Feton warden of Barwyk/ the which Thomas was parson of Dunbar/ & let them be taken first afore that other hostages/ by cause that sir Alysaunders faders was keeper of the town. And though commanded every day two hostages of the town till that they were all done to death/ but if they yielded the town/ & so he should teach them to break their covenant. And when they of the town heard these tidings they became wonders sorry/ & sent to the king that he would grant them other. v 〈…〉. days of respite/ so the between though hundred men of arntes and twenty men of arms might by strength go between them to the town of Barwik them force victual that the town must be hold for restowed And if so were that xxj or xxij or more were slain of tho. C. beforesaid that the town should not be holden for restowed And this covenant to be held they sent to him other twelve of the foresaid town in hostage. The king granted them their prayer/ & took the hostages on saint Margaretes even/ in the year of grace. M ccc & xxxij. the Scots came pricking fiercely in four wings well arrayed in arms for to meet king Edward of England & Edward the king of scotland & with their power/ and came fast & sharply against evensong time/ & the same time was flood at Barwik in the water of tweed that no man might go over on his horse nor on foot/ & the water was between the two kings & the realm of England And that time abode the Scots on the other side/ because that the englishmen should have been drowned.   

¶ This was the array of the scots how that they came in battle against the two kings of england & of Scotland. In the vaunt ward of scotland were these lords.  
THe earl of Moryf/ james Frisell Symond Fryfel/ Walter steward/ Reynold Cheyn/ Patrick of Graham john le grant/ james of cardoil/ Patrick Parkeiss/ Robert Caldecottes/ Philip of Melledrun/ Thomas Gilbert/ Ralph wiseman/ Adam Gurdon/ james Gramat/ Robert Boid/ Hugh Park/ with xl. knights new dubbed/ & vii C. men of arms/ & three M. of comyns. ¶ In the first part of the half battle were these lords/ the steward of scotland/ the earl of Morye & james his uncle/ William Douglas/ David of lindsay/ Mancolyn Fleming/ william of kethe/ Dunken Camboke/ with xxx bachelors new dubbed. ¶ In the second part of the battle were these lords. james Steward of Colden/ Aleyn Steward/ William Abbrehyn/ william Moryce/ john fitz william/ Adam le mose/ Walter fitz Gilbert/ john of Cerlton/ Robert walham with seven. C. men of arms & xvij M. comyns ¶ In the third part of the battle of scotland were these lords/ the earl of Marrethe earl of Rof/ the earl of Straherne/ the earl of sotherlond/ William of Kyrkeley/ john Cambron/ Gylbert of Hay/ William of Rainsey/ William Prendegest/ Kyrstyn Hard/ William Gurdon/ Arnold guard/ Thomas dolphin with xl knights new dubbed/ & ix C. men of arms and xu M. of comyns. ¶ In the fourth ward of the battle of Scotlond were these lords. Archebald Douglas the earl of Lenevax/ Alysaunder le Brus the earl of Fif/ john Cambell earl of Atheles/ Robert Lawether/ William of Vipount/ William of Lonstone john de Labels/ Groos de Sherenlaw john de lindsay/ Alysaunder de Gray/ Ingram de Vinfreville/ Patrick de polesworth/ david de Wymes/ Mychell Scotte/ William Landy/ Thomas de Boys/ Roger the mortimer/ with twenty bachelors new dubbed ix C. men of arms/ and xviij M. &. iiij. C. of comyns. The earl of Dunbar keeper of the castle of Barwik holp the Scots with l men of arms. And sir Alysaunder of Seten keeper of the foresaid town of Barwyk with an. C. men of arms/ & also the comyns of the town with. iiij. C. men of arms/ & with them. viij. C. foot men. ¶ The some of the earls & lords above said amounteth lxuj The some of the bachelors new dubbed amounteth to. C. & xl The some of men of arms amounteth to three M. C. The some of the comyns amounteth to liij M. &. ij. C. The some total of the people above said amounteth luj. M. seven. C xlv And these lxuj great lords lad all the other great lords above said in four battles/ as it is told before all on foot. And king Edward of England & Edward baylol king of scotland had well appareled their folk in iiij. battles for to fight on foot against the Scots their enemies. And the english mynstrels blewe their trumpets & their claryons/ & hidously escryed the scots. And though had every english battle two wings of price archers/ the which at the battle shot arrows so fast & so sore that the Scots might not help themself/ & they smote the scots thousands to the ground/ & they began for to flee fro the englishmen to save their lives. And when the scottish knaves saw the discomfiture & the scots fall fast to the ground they fast pricked their masters horses with the spurs for to keep them fro peril/ & set their masters at no force. And when the englishmen saw y●/ they leapt on their horses & fast pursued the scots/ and all that abode they slew down right. There men might see the doughtynes of the noble king Edward & of his men/ how manly they pursued the Scots that fled for dread. And there men might see many a scottisshman cast down to the ground deed & their banners displayed hacked in to pieces/ & many a good habergeon of steel in the blood bath. And many a time the scots were gathered in to companies. But evermore they were discomfited. And so it befell as god would that the Scots had the day no more foison ne might against the englishmen than twenty sheep should have against .v. wolves. And so were the Scots discomfited/ & yet the Scots had well .v. men against one Englysshman/ & the battle was done on Ha●ydownhyll beside the town of Barwyk/ at the which battle were slain of the Scots xxxv M. seven. C. and twelve And of Englishmen but only xiiij and those were footmen. And this victory befell to the englishmen on saint Margaretes even/ in the year of the incarnation of our lord jesus Chryst M. CCC xxxij And while this doing lasted the english pages took the pylfre of the Scots that were slain/ every man might take without any challenging of any man. And so after this gracious victory the king returned again unto the same siege of Barwik. And when they that were besieged saw & heard how king Edward had sped/ they yielded to him the town with the castle on the morrow next after saint Margaretes' day. And than the king ordained sir Edward baylol with other noble & worthy men to be keepers and governors of scotland in his absence/ and himself returned again and came in to England after this victory with moche joy and worship. ¶ And in the next year following that is for to say/ in the year of the incarnation of our lord jesus Chryst. M. CCC. and xxxiij and of king Edwardes regne vij he went again in to scotland in winter time/ at which ●●age the castle of K 〈…〉 brygge in Scotlond for him & for his men that were with him he recovered and had against the Scots all at his own will. ¶ And in that same year sir Edward baylol king of scotland held his parliament in scotland with many noble lords of England that were at that same parliament/ because of their lands and also lordships that they had in the realm of scotland/ and held all of the same Edward baylol. ¶ And in the viij. year of king Edwardes regne about the feast of saint john baptist 〈◊〉 Edward baylol the very & true king of scotland/ as by heritage and right line/ made his homage and feaute unto king Edward of England for the realm of Scotlond at New castle upon Tyne/ in the presence of many worthy lords and also of the comyns both of the realm of england and also of scotland. And anon after in the same year king Edward of England retryved of the duke of britain his homage for the earldom and lordship of ●ychemond. ¶ And so following in the. 〈◊〉. year of his regne after Mighe●mas road in to scotland/ and there was fast by sayne johannes town almost all the winter time/ & so he held his christmas at the castle of Rokesburgh. And in the same year through out all england about say't Clementes tide in winter there arose such a springing and welling up of water/ & also of floods/ both of the see & also of fresh rivers & springs/ that the see banks/ walls and costs broke up that men/ beasts & houses in many places & namely in low countries violently & suddenly were drowned/ & fruits driven away of the earth through continuance & abundance of waters of the see/ ever more afterward were turned in to more saltness and sournes of savour. ¶ The ten year of king Edwardes regne king Edward entered the scottish see after midsummer/ & to many of the scots he gave battle & overcame them/ & many he treated & bowed to his peas through his doughtynes. And after at michaelmas than next following was the earl of Moryf taken at Edinburgh and brought in to England and put in to prison. ¶ And in the months of june and july than next following in the xj year of his regne was seen and appeared in the firmament a bemed star the which clerks call stella Cometa/ and that star was seen in divers parts of the firmament. Where after anon there followed in England good cheap & wonders great plenty of all chaffer victuals and merchandise/ and there against hunger/ scarcete/ mischief/ and need of money. In so much that a quarter of wheat at London was sold for two shillings/ and a good fat ox at a noble/ and five good dove birds for a penny. In which year died sir john of Eltham earl of cornwall that was king Edward's brother/ and lieth at Westmynster.   

¶ How king Edward made a duchy of the earldom of cornwall/ and also of six other earls that were new made/ and of the first challenge of the kingdom of France.  
IN the year of our lord. M. CCC. & xxxvij and the twelve year of king Edward/ in the month of March/ during the parliament at Westmynster in lent time king Edward made of the earldom of cornwall a duchy/ & let it call the duchy of cornwall/ the which duchy he gave to Edward his first son/ with the earldom of Chestre. And also king Edward made at the same time uj other earls/ that is to say/ sir Henry earl of Lancaster's son earl of leicester/ william of Boghun earl of Northhamton/ William of Mountagu earl of Salisbury/ Hugh of Awdell earl of Glocestre/ Robert of Vfford earl of Suffolk and William of Cliton earl of Huntyngton. ¶ And in that same year it was ordained in the same parliament that no man should were no cloth that was wrought out of england/ as of cloth of gold ne of silk or velvet or damask or satin bawd kin/ ne none such other/ ne none wild ware ne furs of beyond the see/ but such as might spend an hundred pound of rent by year. But this ordinance and statute was but of little effect/ for it was nothing holden. ¶ In the xiij year of his regne king Edward went over the see in to Braband with queen Philip his wife there bearing a child at And w●rp there he dwelled more than a year for to treat with the duke of Braband & other allied unto him of the challenging of the kingdom of France to king Edward of England by right & by heritage after the death of Karoll the great king of France brother german of queen Isabel king Edward's mother/ the which was holden & occupied unrightfully by Philip of Valois the emes son of Karoll The which duke & all his in the foresaid things & all other longing thereto with all his men and goods king Edward found ready unto him & made & behyght 〈…〉 in ●o Eng 〈…〉. ¶ Than in the xiiij 〈…〉 des of his 〈…〉 to be at his 〈…〉ter the 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 y. The kings 〈…〉 & 〈◊〉 as touthing the kingdom of France. For which needs to be 〈…〉 asked the fifth party of all the 〈…〉ble goods of England & the 〈◊〉 〈…〉 the ix sheaf of every corn. And all the 〈…〉 rdes of every town wh 〈…〉 such●thynges should be taxed & gathered 〈…〉 to the king thereof/ & he h 〈…〉 & held 〈◊〉 at his own ●●st & will. W 〈…〉 I shall knowledge the very troth/ the inner love of the people was 〈◊〉 into hate/ & the common prayers in to 〈◊〉/ for cause that the common people were so strongly grieved. ¶ Also the foresaid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of France had gathered unto h● a great host & destroyed there in his parties & kingdom many of the kings friends of england with towns & 〈◊〉 with many other of their lordship's/ & many 〈…〉 s/ shape's & despites did unto the queen. Where fore when king Edward heard this/ he was strongly 〈◊〉 & angered therewith/ & sent divers lets over see to the queen & to other that were his friends in gladding them/ & certyfyenge them that he would he there himself in all y●●aste that he might. And anon after rester 〈◊〉 he had sped of all thyges that him needed to have/ he went over see again. Of whose coming the queen & all his friends were wonders glad/ & made moche toy. And all that were his enemies & held against him made his moche sorrow. In the same time the king through counsel of his true 〈◊〉 & counsel of his lords that there were present with him 〈◊〉 the king of 〈◊〉 name/ & took 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the kings arms of Frafice quartered with the arms of England/ 〈◊〉 commanded forth with his coin of gold under description & 〈…〉 yng of the name of England & of France to be made best that might be/ & that is to say/ the floreyn that was called the noble price of. v●. shillings eight pens sterling/ & the half noble the value three shillings &▪ 〈◊〉. peus & the farthing of the value of▪ 〈◊〉. peus.   

¶ How king Edward came unto the Scluys and discomfited all the power of France in the haven.  
ANd in the next year after/ that is to say/ the xu year of his ●egne he commanded & let write in his charters writs & other letters the date of the regne of France the first. And while that he was thus doing & ●rauaylynge 〈◊〉 France through his counsel ●e wrote to all the prelate's/ duke's/ cries & barons & the noble lords of the country/ & also to divers of the common people divers l 〈…〉 s & mandments bearing date at Gandave the eight day of February. And anon after within a little time he came again in to England with the queen & her children. And in the same year on midsummer even he began to sail toward France as gain/ & manly & fiercely he fell upon Philip of valois/ the which long time lay & had gathered to him a full great & boustous meinie of divers nations in the haven of Scluys: & there they fought to guider the king of France & he with their ●o●●es fro midday to three of the clock on the morrow/ in the which battle were slain xxx M. men of the kings company of France/ and many ships & cogs were taken. And so through god's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he had there the victory/ & bare theus a glorious chivalry. And in the same year about saint james time would the gates of saint divers Roberte of A●theys 〈◊〉 men of engaged & fla 〈…〉 eagerly fought against the duke of Blitgoyn & the french men at which battle were slain & taken of the frenchmen xu barons lxxx knights/ & ships & barks were taken unto the number of. CC. & xxx The same year the king making & abiding upon the siege of Turney the earl of Henaud with english archers made assault unto the town of saint Amand/ where as they slew l knights & many other/ & also destroyed the town. ¶ And in the xuj year of his regne following in the winter time the king dwelled still upon the foresaid siege & sent oft time in to England unto his treasurer & other purveyors for gold & money that should be sent to him in his need but his proctors & messengers cursedly & full slowly served him at his need & deceived him/ on whose default & laches the king took truce between him & the king of France. And than king Edward full of sorrow & shame in his heart withdrew him fro the siege & came in to Bry tayn/ & there was so great strife for victual that he lost many of his men/ & when he had done there that he came fore he dressed him over see in to England. And as he sailed toward england in the high se● the most mishaps storms & tempests thunder & lightening fell to him in the see/ the which was said that it was done & raised through evil spirits made by sorcery & nigromancy of them of fraunte Wherefore the kings heart was full of sorrow we & anguish welling & sighing & said unto our lady in this wise. O blessed lady saint Mary what is the cause that ever more going in to France all things & wethers fall to me joyful & liking as I would have them/ but always turning in to england all things fall unprofitable & very harmful/ nevertheless he stoping an 〈◊〉 of the s 〈…〉 word came to them 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 styght. ¶ And the same year the king would his Chryst 〈…〉 e at M 〈…〉 s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 word to the Scots 〈…〉 that he was tidy & would fight with 〈◊〉 but the Scots would not chide/ but fled over the scottish 〈…〉 them as 〈◊〉 as they might. And ●●che xvij year of his regne about y● fe●● of the cōue●syon of saint Pauleking Edward when he has been in scotland & saw that the Scots were fled 〈◊〉 came again in to England. And a●ytel before ●ent was the which tur neyment came all the young bachelary & chevalty of England romany other arles & 〈◊〉 at the 〈◊〉 turneyment king Edward himself was there present. ¶ And in the xviij year of his regne at his parlyamint held at Westmynster the auy●zeme of ●ester Edward the third made Edward his first son prince of Wales. ¶ And in the xix year of his regne and●● afterin ja 〈…〉 y before lent king Edward let make full noble justes & great feestes in the place of his birth at Wyndsore/ that these was never none such seen there afore. At which feast & royalty were two kings & two queens the prince of Wales/ the duke of Eornewayle ten earls ix countesses/ barous and many burgeyses the which might not lightly be numbered/ and of divers lands beyond the see were many strangers. And at the same time when the justes were done king Edward made a great sovyer/ in the which he ordained & began his round table/ & ordained and stedfasted the day of the round cable to be holden there at wyndsore in the whytsonweke ever more yearly. And in this time Englysshnten so much haunted and cleaved to the woodness & folly of the strangers/ that from time of coming of the Hen 〈…〉es xviij year passed they ordained & changed them every year divers shapes & disguisynges of clothing oflonge large & wide clothes destitute & desert from all old honest & good usage. And an othertyme short clothes & straight wasted jagged & kit/ & on every side slatered & botoned with sleeves & tapytes of surcotes/ & hodes over long & over moche hanging that if I the sooth shall say they were more like to tormentors & devils in their clothing & shoeing & other array/ than to men. And that women more nicely yet passed the men in array & curiouslyer/ for they were so straight clothed that they let hang fox tails sewed by vethe within their clothes for to hele & hide their arses/ the which disguisynges & pride peradventure afterward brought forth & raused many mishaps & mischief in the realm of england. ¶ The twenty year of king Edward he went over in to britain & Gascoyn/ in whose company went the earl of warwick/ the earl of Suffolk/ the earl of Huntyngton/ & the earl of Arundel/ & many other lords & common people in a great multitude/ with a great navy of. CC. and xl ships/ anon after midsummer for to avenge him of many wrongs & harms to him done by Phylyp of Valois king of France against the truce before hand granted/ the which truce he falsely and untruly by cavellacyons loosed & disquatte.   

¶ How king Edward sailed in to Normandy/ & arrived at Hogs with a great host.  
IN the xxi year of his regne king Edward through counsel of all the great lords of England called & gathered together in his parliament at Westmynster before easter ordained him for to pass over the see again for to disease & distrouble the rebels of France. And when his navy was come together & made ready he went with a great host the twelve day of july & sailed in to Normandy/ & arrived at Hogs. And when he had rested him there uj days for because of travailing of the see/ & for to have out all his men with all their necessaries out of their ships he went toward Cadomun brenning/ wasting & destroying all the towns that he found in his way. And the xxuj day of july at the bridge of Cadony manly & nobly strengthened & defended with Normans he had there a strong battle & a long during/ through which a great multitude of people were slain. And there were taken of prisoners the earl of Ewe/ the lord Tankeruyll/ and an. C. of other knights & men of arms/ &. uj. C. foot men numbered/ & the town & that subbarbes unto the bare wall of all thing that they might bear & carry out was rob & despoiled. After the king passed forth by the country about the breed of twenty mile be wasted all manner thing that he found. When Philip of Valois perceived this all though he were fast by him with a strong host/ yet he would not come nigh him/ but broke all the bridges beyond the water of sayn fro Roen to Paris/ & himself fled unto the same city of Paris to all the haste that he might. For sooth the noble king Edward when be came to Paris bridge & found it broken/ within two days he let make it again. And on the morrow after the Assumption of our lady king Edward passed over the water of sayn going to ward the water of Cres●y/ & destroyed by the way towns with the people owening therein. And in the feast of saint Barthylmewe he passed over the water of Some unhurt with all his host there as never before had been any manner way ne passage/ where two. M. were slain of them that letted their passage over. Therefore the xxuj day of August king Edward in a field fast by Cres●y having three battles of englishmen encountered & met with Philip of Valois having with him four battles/ of which the least passed greatly the number of english people. And when these two hosts met together/ there fell upon him the king of Beme/ the duke of Loreyn/ & earls also of Flaundres/ Dalaunson/ Blois/ Har court/ Aumarle and Nevers/ and many other earls/ barons/ lords/ knights & men of arms the number of a. M. v. C. xlij. without foot men & other men armed that were nothing reckoned. And for all this the unglorious Philip withdrew him with the residue of his people. Wherefore it was said in common among his own people Nre bell soy retreat/ that is to say/ our fair withdraweth him. Than king Edward & our englishmen thanked god of such a victory after their great labour taken to them all thing needful to their suste naunce & saving of their lives/ and for dread of their enemies rested them there. And full early in the morning after the frenchmen with a great host came again for to give battle & fight with the englishmen/ with whom met & encountered the earl of warwik/ Northampton & Norfolk with their company/ & slew ij. M. and took many prisoners of the gentiles of them/ & the remnant of the same host fled three mile thence. And the third day after the battle the king went to Calays ward destroying all the towns as he road thither. When he was comen/ that is to say/ the third day of September he began to besiege the town with the castle & continued his siege fro the foresaid third day of September to the third day of August the next year after. And in the same year during the siege of calais the king of scot land with a great multitude of scots came in to england to Noviles' cross about saint Luke's day the evangelist/ hoping & trusting for to have found all the land best ytute and void of people/ for as much as the king of Engloude was beyond the see/ save only preeste● & men of holy church & women & children and plowmen & such otherlabourers/ & there they came & rob & did much privy sorrow/ but yet found they enough that withstood them by the grate of almighty god. And so a day of bacayle was assigned between them & certaynelordes & men of holy church that were of the countries with other common people fast by the cite of Durham/ at which day through the grace of almighty god the Scots were overcomen/ & yet were there three times so many of them as of the englishmen. And there was slain all the chivalry & knighthood of the realm of scotland And there was taken as they would have fled thence david the king of scotland himself/ & the earl of Mentyf/ sir William Douglas/ & many other great men of scotland. And after that our englishmen when they had rested them a few days & had ordained their keepers of the north country/ they came to London & brought with them sir David the king of scotland & all the other lords that were taken prisoners unto the tour of London with all the haste that they might/ & left them there in safe keeping unto the kings coming/ & went home again in to their own country. And afterward was the kings ransom of scotland taxed to an hundred thousand mark of silver to be paid within ten year/ that is to say/ every year ten thousand mark.   

¶ How king Edward besyege●● calais/ and how it was won & yielded unto him.  
IN the xxij year of the regne of king Edward he went over the see in the winter time/ & lay all the winter at the siege of calais/ the which year while the siege lasted & endured/ Philip the king of France cast & purposed trey toursly & with fraud to put away the siege/ & came the xxvij day of july in the same year with a great host & a strong power & nighed to the siege of calais/ the which Philip the last day of july sent to king Edward word that he would give him plain battle the third day after that about evensong time/ if he durst come fro the siege & abide. And when king Edward heard that/ without any long tarrying or long advisement accepted gladly the day & hour of battle that Philip had assigned. And when the king of France herd that/ the next night after he set his tents a fire & removed & went away cowardly. Than they that were in the town & in the castle besieged saying all this how that they had none other help ne succour of the king of France ne of his men/ & also that their victuals within them were spended & wasted/ & for fault of victuals & refreshing they eat horses/ hounds/ cats & mice for to keep their truth as long as they might/ & when they saw & was found among them at the last that they had no thing among them for to eat ne live by/ ne no succour nor rescue of the french men of that other side/ they wist well that they must needs die for default/ or else yield the town/ & anon they went & took down the banners & the arms of France on every side that were hangen out/ & went on the walls of the town in divers places as naked as they were borne/ save only their shirts & their privy clothes & held their swords naked & the point downward in their hands/ & put ropes & halters about their necks/ & yielded up the keys of the town & of the castle to king Edward of England with great fere and dread of heart. And when king Edward saw this/ as a merciable king and lord received them all to grace/ & a few of the greatest persons of estate & of governance of the town he sent in to England there to abide their ransom & the kings grace. And all the comynalte of the town the king let go whither they would in peace & without any harm/ and let them bear with them all their things that they might bear and carry away/ keeping the town & the castle to himself. Than through medration of cardinals that were sent from the pope truce was taken there between France & England for ix months than next following. And about Myg●elmasse king Edward came again in to england with a glorious victory. ¶ And in the xxiij year of his regne in y●●est parties of the world there began a pas●ylence and death of saracens & pay 〈…〉 that so great a death was never heard of afore/ & that wasted away the people so that uneath the tenth person was left alive. ¶ And in the same year about the south countries there fell so moche rain & so great waters/ that from Chrystinasse unto midsummer there was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 day nor night but that it rained somewhat/ through which waters the pesty lence was so enfected & so ●aboundaunt in all countries/ & namely about the court of Rome & other places & see costs that uneath there were left living folk for to bury them honestly that were deed. But made great ditches & pits that were wonders broad & deep/ & therein buried them & made a renge of deed bodies & cast a little earth to cover them above/ & than cast in an other renge of deed bodies/ and an other renge above them. And thus were they buried & none other wise/ but if it were so that they were men of great estate so that they were buried as honestly as they might. ¶ And after all this in the xxiv. year of king Edwardes regne it was done him to wite of a treason that was begun at calais & ordained to sell that town for a great sum of florins to king Philip of France/ through the falseness & ordinance of a knight that was called sir Geffrey of Cheruey that was wonders privy with king Philip of France And When king Edward heard this/ he took with him the noblest & gentlest lords & many other worthy men of arms that were present with him for the solemnity of the high feast. And well & wisely in all the haste that he might & as privily as he might he went over the see to calais. And the same year the good king Edward held his christmas at Havering/ & the morrow after new years day the king was in the castle of calais with his men of arms that none of the aliens wist thereof. And the falls conspyratour & traitor Geffrey of Cherney sith that he might not openly have his purpose of the castle/ pry vely & stelingly he came & held the town with a great host. And when he with his men were comen/ he paid the foresaid some of florins as covenant was to a Genewey in the town that was keeper of the castle & consenting to the same Geffrey in all this falseness & treachery/ & bound the english mynstrels & servants that were in the castle that they might not help themself ne let them of their purpose. And than weening that they had been sure enough/ they spoke all their wickedness & falseness openly on high that all men might here. And now shall ye here how they were deceived/ for they came in by a privy postern over a little bridge of tree/ & when they were comen in subtilely & privily the bridge was drawn up & kept that none of them that came in might go out/ neno moo come in to them. And anon our english men went out at privy holes and windows & over the walls of the town & of the castle & went & fought manly with the frenchmen that were without/ & had the better of them/ the which when they were occupied by themselves on their side/ the king that was within the town having with him scarcely but xxx men of arms drew out his sword & with a loud voice he cried on high. A saint Edward A saint George. And when the people heard that/ they came running to him & gave to their enemies so great assault that there were moo than. iij. C. men of arms & many moo other slain/ & many fled away. And so by the grace of god the victory fell to the englishmen. Than the king took with him this Geffrey that was finder of this treason & also many other french prisoners/ & within a while after he came again in to England. And in this same year & in the year afore/ & in the year next following was so great a pestilence of men from the east in to the west/ & namely through botches/ that they that sekened as on this day died on the third day after/ to the which men that so died in this pestilence had but little respite of their lygging. Than pope Clement of his goodness & grace gave them full remission & forgiveness of all their sins that they were shriven of/ & this pestilence lasted in London fro Mighelmasse unto August next following/ almost an hole year. And in these days was death without sorrow/ weddings without friendship/ wilful penance/ & dearth without scarcity/ & fleeing without refute or succour/ for many fled from place to place because of the pestilence/ but they were enfected & might not escape the death/ after that the prophet isaiah saith Who that fleeth fro the face of dread/ he shall fall in to the dyche. And he that windeth him out of the ditch/ he shall be holden and tied with a grenne. But when this pestilence was ceased as god would unneaths the tenth part of the people was left on live. ¶ And in the same year began a wonders thing/ that all that were borne after the pestilence had two cheketethe in their heed less than they had afore.   

¶ How king Edward had a great battle With spaniards in the see fast by Wynchelsee.  
ANd in the xxv year of his regne about saint John's day in harvest in the see fast by Winchelsee king Edward had a great battle with men of Spain where that their ships & navy lay chained together/ that either they must fight or be drowned. And so when all our Worthy men of arms & of the see costs fast by winchelse & Romney were gathered together/ & our navy & ships all ready to the war the englishmen met manly & strongly with their enemies toming fiercely against them. And when the spaynysshe vessels & navy were closed in all about/ there might men see strong battle on both sides & long during/ in which battle was but few that fought but they were piteously hurt. And after the battle there were xxiij ships taken/ & so the englishmen had the better. And in the next year following of his regne/ that is to say the xxvi year the king through his counsel let ordain & make his new money that is to say/ the penny/ the groat value of four pens/ & the half groat of two pens but it was of less weight than the old sterling was by .v. shilling in the pound And in the xxvii year of his regne was the great dearth of victuals/ the which was called the dear summer. And the. xxviii year of his regne in the parliament hoiden at westmynster after easter sir Henry earl of Laucastre was made duke of Lancastre. ¶ And in this year was so great a drought/ that from the month of March to the month of July there fell no rain on the earth/ wherefore all fruits/ sedes & herbs for the most part were lost in default/ wherefore came so great disease of men & beasts & dearth of victuals in england/ so that this land that ever afore had been plenteous had need the time to seek victuals & refreshing at other out isles & countries. ¶ And in the xxix year of king Edward it was accorded/ granted & sworn between the king of France & king Edward of england that he should have again all his lands & lordship's that longed to the duchy of Guienne of old time/ the which had been withdrawn and wrong fully occupied by divers kings of France before hand to have & to hold to king Edward & to his heirs & successors for evermore/ freely/ peaceably & in good quiet upon this covenant that the king of england should leave of & release all his right & day me that he had claimed of the kingdom of France/ & of the title that he took thereof upon which speech and covenants is was sent to the court of Rome on bothesydes of the kings/ that the foresaid covenant should be embulled/ but god erdeyned better for the kings worship of England/ for what through fraud & deceit of the frenchmen/ & what through letting of the pope & of the court of Rome the foresaid covenants were disquat & left of. And in the same year the king revoked by his wise and discrete counsel the staple of wols out of Flaundres in to england with all the liberties franchises & free customs that longed thereto/ & ordained it in england in divers places/ that is to say at Westminster/ Caunterbury/ Chichestre/ Brystow/ Lyncolne & Null With all the foresaid things the long thereto. And that this thing that should thus be done the king swore himself thereto/ & prince Edward his son/ with other many great witnesses that there were present. ¶ And the xxx yetes of his regne anon after whitsuntide in the parliament ordained at Westmynster it was told & certified to the king that Philip that held the kingdom of France was deed/ & that John his son was crowned king/ & that this John had given karoll his son the duchy of Guienne/ of the which thing when king Edward wist thereof he had great indignation to him & was wonders wroth & strongly moved. And therefore afore all the worthy lords that were there assembled at the parliament he called Edward his son unto him/ to whom the duchy of Guienne by right heritage should long to/ & gave it him there/ bidding & strengthing him that he should ordain him for to defend him/ & avenge him on his enemies/ & save & maintain his right And afterward king Edward himself & his eldest son Edward went to divers places & saints in england on pilgrimage for to have the more help & grace of god & of his saints. And the second kae. of July when all thing was ready to the voyage & battle/ & all his retinue & power assembled/ & his navy also ready/ he took with him the earl of Warwyk/ the earl of Suffolk/ the earl of Salysbury/ & the earl of Oxford/ and a. M. men of arms & as many archers/ & on the nativity of our lady took their ships at Plommouth & began to sail. And when he was arrived in Guienne/ he was there worshipfully received of the most noble men & lords of the country. And anon after king Edward took with him his two sons/ that is to say/ sir leonel earl of Vlton/ and sir John his brother earl of Rychemonde/ & sir Henry duke of Lancastre/ with many earls & lords & men of arms/ & two M. archers/ & sailed toward France/ & rested him a while at calais/ & afterward the king went with his folk afore said & with other soldiers of beyond the see that there abode the kings coming the second day of November & took his journey toward king John of France there as he had trowed to have found him fast by Ddomarun as his letters & covenant made mention that he would abide him there with his host. And whanking John of France herd tell of the coming of the king of England/ he went away with his men & carriage cowardly & shamefully fleeing & wasting all victuals the englishmen should not have there of. When king Edward heard tell that he fled/ he pursued him with all his host till Hedyn/ & than he beholding the scarcity & wanting of victuals & also the cowardice of the king of France/ he returned again wasting all the country. ¶ And while all these things were a doing the Scots pryucly & by night took the town of Barwyck/ slaying them that with stood them & no man else/ but blessed be god the castle was saved & kept by englishmen that were therein. When the king wist of all this/ he returned again in to England as wroth as he might be/ wherefore in the parliament at Westmynster was granted to the king of every sack of wool l shillings during the term of vi year/ that he might y● might liar fight & defend the realm against the Scots & other misdoers. And so when all things were ready the king hasted him toward the siege.   

¶ How king Edward was crowned king of Scotland/ & how prince Edward took the king of France & sir Philip his younger son at the battle of Poitiers.  
ANd in the xxxi year of his regne the xiii day Janyver the king being in the castle of Barwyk with a few men/ but he having there fast by a great host and a goodly/ the town was yelden unto him without any manner defence of 〈…〉 an the king of Scotland/ that is to say sir john Barnes loll cosydecing how y● go● did many me●uayles & gracious things for king Edward at his own will fro day to day he took gave up the realm of Scotlond at kilburgh in the kings hands of england under his paten● letters there madt. And anon after king Edward in presence of all the prelate's & worthy men that were there letcrowne by king of Scotlond. When all thyges were done & ordained myn counire at his will/ he returned again in to England with a great worship. And while this usage was a doing in Scottonde sir Edward prince of wales as a man enspiced of god was in Guienne in the cite of Bordeaux treating & speaking of the challenge of the kings right of england that he had to the realm of France/ & that he would be avestged with strong hand/ & the prelate's peers & mighty men of the country consented well to him. Than sir Edward the prince with a great h 〈…〉 gathered to him the uj day of Jui that went from Bordeaux going & travailing by many divers countries/ & he ●oke many prisoners moo than uj thosande men of arms by the country as he went/ & took the town of Remorant in Saloygne and desyeged the castle. uj days/ & at y● vj. days end they yielded the castle unto him. And there was taken the lord of Crown & sir Bursigaud & many other knights & men of arms more than. ixxx And frothens by Toren & Peten fast by Cheney his noble men that were with him had astronge battle with frenchmen/ & an C. of their men of arms were slain/ & the erse of Dance & the steward of France were taken with an. C. Men of arms. In the which year the nineteen. dayd of September fast by Poyners ●he some price with a thousand thirty. 〈◊〉 of arms and archers ordained a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 John of Feaunce coming to the prince ward with vij M. thosen men of arms & much other people a great number/ of the which there were slain the duke of Bourbon & the duke of Athenes/ and many other noble men. And of the princes men of arms a. M. and of other the true account & reckoning. viij. C. And the king of France was there taken and sir Philip his younger son/ & many dukes & noble men & worthy knights and men of arms about ii M. And so the victory fell to the prince & to the people of england by the grace of god. And many that were taken prisoners were set at their tausom & upon their troth and knighthood were charged and had leave to go. But the prince took with him the king of France and Philip his son with all the reverence that he might/ & went again to Bordeaux with a glorious victory. The some of the men that there were taken prisoners/ and of them that were slain the day of battle was four M. iiij. C. & xi ¶ And in the. 〈◊〉. vere of king Edward/ the .v. day of may France Edward with king John of France & Philip his son & many other worthy prisoners arrived gratyously in the haven of Plummouth/ and the xxiiii day of the same moveth about three of the clock at after none they came to London by Londombrydge/ & so went forth to the kings palace at Westmynster/ & there came so greie a multitude & prees of people about them to be hold & see the wonder & rial sight the uneaths fromydday till night might they come to westminster And the kings rasisom of France was taxed & set to three millions of scutes of whom two should be worth a noble. And ye shall understand that a million is a thousand thousand. And after some in m●lj is ●aun●om was set at three thousand thousand floryns/ and all is one effected And this same year were made solemn justes in smith field/ being there present the king of england/ the king of France/ & the king of scotland/ & many other worthy and noble lords. ¶ The xxxiij year of the regne of king Edward at Wyndsore as well for love of knighthood as for his own worship/ & at the reverence of the king of France and of other lords that were there at the time he held a wonders rial and a costly feast of saint George/ passing any that ever was holden afore. Wherefore the king of France in scor ning said that he saw never ne herd such solemn feestes ne royalties holden ne done with tails wout paying of gold or silver. ¶ And in the xxxiiij year of his regne the xiiij kal. of july sir john earl of Rychemonde king Edwardes son wedded dame Blaunche duke Henry's daughter of Lancastre/ cousin to the same john by dispensation of the pope/ & in the mean time were ordained justes at London three days of Rogations/ that is to say/ the Mayre of London with his. xxiiii aldermen/ against all that would come/ in whose name & stead the king privily with his four sons Edward/ leonel/ john & Edmond & other xix great lords held the field with worship. ¶ And this same year as it was told & said of them that saw it/ there came blood out of the tomb of Thomas sometime earl of Lancastre as fresh as that day that he was done to death. And in the same year king Edward those his sepulture and his ligging at Westmynster fast by the shrine of saint Edward. And anon after the xxvij day of October he went over see to calais/ making protestation that he would never come again into england till he had full ended the war between France & him. And so in the xxxvi year of his regne in the winter time king Edward travay led in the tyne costs/ & about saint Hylary tide he departed his ●oost & went to Burgoynward/ with wh 〈…〉 than met 〈…〉 peaceably the duke of Burgoyn/ be hyghtyng him lxx 〈…〉 should spare his men & his people. And the king granted at his request/ & dwelled there unto the xvij day of March/ the which time came to king Edwardes ere the strong thieves were on the see under the earl of saint Paul the xu day of March laying await upon the towns of Hasting/ Rye/ & other places & villages on the see cost had entered as enemies into the town of winch else & slew all that ever withstood them & with●●yd their coming/ wherefore the king was greatly moved & angered/ & he turned again toward Paris/ & commanded his host to destroy & slay with struck of sword them that he had before spared. And the twelve day of Apryll the king came to Paris/ & there departed his host i divers battles with iiij. C. knights new dubbed on y● one side of him. And sir Henry duke of Lan castre underpeas & truce went to the gates of the cite/ proffering them that would abide a battle in the field under such conditions that if y● 〈…〉ng of england were over comen there (as god forbid it should) that than he should never challenge the kingdom of France. And there he had of them but short & scornful answer/ & came & told it to the king & his lords what he had herd & what they said. And than went forth the new knights with many other making assault to the cite & they destroyed the subba●hes of the cite. And while those things were in doing the englishmen made them ready to be avenged on the shame & despite that was done the year at winchelse & ordained 〈…〉 y of lxxx ships of men of London & of other merchants & xiv M. men of arms & archers and went & searched and 〈…〉 mmed the see/ and manly they took & held the isle of Cau●. When 〈…〉 gand 〈…〉 many other men of the same country by the 〈…〉 for their see costs▪ And the king granted them. And on the morrow after y● 〈◊〉 of cester the king 〈◊〉ned him to his host toward Orly 〈…〉 destroying & wasting all the country by the way/ & as they went thitherward there fell on them such a 〈◊〉 tempest that none of our n●● you never heard 〈…〉 such/ through the which 〈…〉 of our men & their horse's ●●theyr 〈…〉 as it were through 〈…〉 were slain & perished 〈…〉 were full great/ 〈…〉 the king not moche of his people/ but went forth on their voyage that they had begun/ wherefore about the feast of Philip & jacob in May fast by Carnoen the foresaid lords of 〈◊〉 ce meeting there with the king of england a peaceable accord & a 〈…〉 certain conditions & grants 〈◊〉 gadr 〈…〉 and written together 〈◊〉 to last but discretely made/ & to both y●●ynges 〈◊〉 table & to their realms/ both 〈…〉 sent of Charles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 governor of France & Paris of 〈…〉 written & 〈…〉 the xu day of May they saffred & 〈◊〉 to the king of England/ requiring his grace in all things written that he would 〈…〉 them/ & hold them firm & stable to them & to their heirs for evermore the●● forth. The which things & articles when king Edward had seen them/ he grant to them/ so that both parties should be swor●● on goods body & on the gospels that the foresaid covenant should be stablished & so they accorded gracyolisly. Therefore there were ordained & dressed on every side 〈◊〉 barons twp baronet's & two knights to admit & recoylle the oaths of the lord Charles the gent of France/ & of sir Edward the first son & heir of king Edward of england And the ten day of May there was sungen a solemn mass at Paris/ & after the third Agnus de● said with dona nobis pacem 〈◊〉 presence of the foresaid men that were ordained to admit & receive the oaths & of all other that there might be. though Charles laid his tight hand on the patent with god's body: & his life hand on the mass book & said. We N. swear on gods body & the holy gospels that we shall truly & steadfastly held toward us the peas & the ac cord made between the two kings/ & in no manes to do the contrary/ & there among all his lords for more love & strength of witness he dealed & departed the 〈◊〉 of the crown of Chryst to the knights of england/ & they curt●ysly took their leave And the friday next the same oath in ꝓsence of the foresaid knights & of other worthy men prince Edward made at Lovers. Afterward doth kings & their sons & 〈◊〉 most noble men of both realms/ 〈◊〉 the same year made the same oath. And for to strength all these things aforesaid/ the king of England ar the greatest men of France/ & had his asking/ that is to say uj dukes eight earls twelve lords all noble barons & worthy knights. And when the place & time was assigned in which both 〈…〉 their counsel should come together all the foresaid things between them spoke for to ratify & make firm & stable/ the king of england anon went toward the see & at Houn●let began to sail/ leaving to his hosts that were left behind him because of his absence moche heaviness. And after the xix day of may he came in to england/ & went to his palace at Westmynster on saint Dunstan's day/ & the third day after he visited john the king of France that was in the tour of London/ & delivered him freely from all manner of prison/ save first they were accorded of three millyons of florins for his raimsom/ and the king comforted him & cheered him in all places with all solace & mirths that longeth to a king in his going homeward. ¶ And the ix day of july in the same year this same john king of France that afore lay here in hostage went home again in to his own land to treat of those things & other that longed & fallen to the governance of his realm. ¶ And afterward met & came together at calais both the two kings with both their counsels about all h● lowen tide/ & there were showed the conditions & the points of the peas/ & of the accord of both sides written/ & there without ovy with saying of both sides graciously they were accorded/ & there was done and sungen a solemn mass And after the third Agnus dei upon god's body & also upon the mass book both the kings & their sons and the greatest lords of both realms & of their counsels that there were present/ & had not sworn before the foresaid oath that they had made & tytelled between them they behyght to keep and all other covenants that were between them ordained. ¶ And in this same year men/ beasts/ trees & houses with sudden tempest and strong lightening were perished/ & the devil appeared bodily in man's lie keen to much people as they went in divers places in the countries/ & spoke to them in that likeness.   

¶ How the 〈…〉  
king 〈…〉 of his regne 〈…〉 Chrystin ass in the 〈◊〉 of y● 〈…〉 saint Paul h●lde his 〈…〉 Westmynster/ in the which parliament was put forth & showed the accord 〈◊〉 the treaties that was stablished & 〈◊〉 between the two kings/ which accord, pleased to moche people/ & therefore ●y the kings commandment there were 〈◊〉 & come together in Westmynster church the first sunday of le●t/ that is to say/ the second kal of February the foresaid english men & Frenssomen/ where was song a solemn mass of the Crinite of the arch bishop of Caunterbury master Symond Islepe. And when Agnus dei was done the king being there with his sons & also the kings sons of France & other noble & great lords with candellyght & crosses brought forth/ & all that were not sworn before/ swore that same that was written upon god's body & on the mass book in this wise. We N. and N. swear upon god's body & on the holy gospels steadfastly to hold & keep toward us the peace & the accord made between the two kings & never for to do the contrary. And when they had thus sworn/ they took their crosses that their oaths were compre he●ded in to the notaries. And this same year it for't 〈…〉 upon the ascension even about midday was seen the eclipse of the 〈◊〉/ & there followed such a drought/ that for default of●ayne there was great br●nnynge ofcor●e fruit & 〈◊〉. ¶ And in the same month the uj 〈◊〉 of june there fell a sanguine rayn● almost like blood at Burgoyne. And a sanguine cross from morrow unto prime appeared and was seen at Boloyn in the ●yre/ the which many men saw/ & after it moved & fell in the mids of the see. ¶ And in the same time in France & England & many other lands as they that were in plain countries & desert bare witness suddenly there appeared two castles/ of the which went out two hosts of armed men. And that one host was clothed in white/ & that other in black/ & when battle between them was begun/ the white overcame the black/ & anon after the black took heart to them & overcame the white/ & after that they went again i to their castles/ & than the castles & all the host vanished away. ¶ And in the same year there was a great & an huge pestilence of people & namely of men whose wives as women out of governance took husbands as well strangers as other lewd & simple people/ the which forgetting their honour & worship & birth coupled & married them with them that were of low degree & little reputation. ¶ In this same year died Henry duke of Lancastre/ & also in this year Edward prince of Wales wedded the countess of Kent that was sir Thomas wife of Holland the which was departed sometime & divorced fro the earl of Salysbury for cause of the falls knight. And about this time began & rose a great company of divers nations gathered together/ whose leders were Englishmen without any heed/ the which did much harm in the party of France. And not long after there arose an other company of divers nations/ that was called the white company the which in the parties of Lombardy did much sorrow. ¶ The same year sir john of Gaunt the son of king Edward the third was made duke of Lancastre by reason and cause of his wife that was the daughter & heir of Henry sometime duke of Lancastre.   

¶ Of the great wind/ and how prince Edward took the lordship of Guienne of his father/ and went thither.  
And in the xxxvij year of king Edward the xu day of january that is to say/ on saint maurice day about evensongtyme there arose & came such a wind out of the south with such a fierceness & strength that it braced & blewe down to the ground high houses & strong buildings/ towers/ churches & steeples & other strong places/ & all other strong works that stood still were shaken therewith that they been yet & shall evermore be the feebler & weyker while they stand. And this wind lasted without any ●●ssyng. vu days continually. And anon after there followed such water in hay time & in the harvest time that all field works were greatly letted & left undone. ¶ And in the same year prince Edward took the lordship of Guienne/ & did to king Edward his father homage & fraute thereof/ & went over see in to Gascoyn with his wife & children. ¶ And anon after king Edward made sir leonel his son duke of Clarence/ & sir Edmonde his other son earl of cambridge. ¶ And in the. xxxvii●. year of his regne it was ordained in the parliament that men of law both of the church & temporal law should fro the time forth plete in their mother tongue. And in the same year came in to England three kings/ that is to say/ the king of France the king of Cypress/ & the king of Sectionde because to visit & to speak with the king of England. And after they had been here long time/ two of them went home in to their own countries & kingdoms/ but the king of France through great sickness & malady that he had abode still in England. ¶ And in the xxxix year of his regne was a strong & great frost/ & that lasted long/ that is to say fro say●● Andrew's tide to the xiiij kal. of Apryll that the tilth & sowing of the earth & other such field work & hand works were much let & left undone for cold & hardness of the earth. And at Drray in britain was ordained a great deadly battle between sir john of Mounford duke of britain & sir Charles of Bloys/ but the victory fell to the foresaid sir john through help & succour of the englishmen/ & there were taken many knights & squires & other men that were unnombred/ in the which battle was slain Charles himself with all that stood about him/ & of the englishmen were slain but vii ¶ And in this year died at the Savoy john the king of France/ whose service and exequyes king Edward let ordain & did in divers places worshipfully to be done/ & at Dover ordained him worthily to be led with his own costs & expenses/ & fro thence he was fet in to France/ & buried at saint Denys. ¶ In the xl year of king Edward the vij kal. of Feveryer was borne Edward prince Edwardes son/ the which when he was vii year of age died. And in the same year it was ordained that saint Peter's pens fro the time forth should not be paid/ the which king Yvo sometime king of england of the country of westsaxons/ that began to regne the year of our lord god vi C lxxix first granted to Rome for the school of England there to be continued. ¶ And in this same year fell so moche rain in hay time the it wasted & destroyed both corn & hay. And there was such debate and fighting of sparrows by divers places in these days/ that men found innumerable deed in the fields as they went. And there fell also such a pestilence/ that never was seen such in no man's days the than lived/ for men the went to bed hole and sound/ suddenly they died. ¶ Also the time a sickness that men call the pocks slew both men & women through their enfecting. ¶ And in the xli year of king Edward was borne at Bordeaux Richard the second son of prince Edward of England/ the which Richard king richard of Amorican heaved at the fontstone/ after whom he was called Richard. And this same Richard when his father was deed & king Edward also/ he was crowned king of england the xl year of his age through right line & heritage/ & also by the common assent & desire of the commonalty of the realm. ¶ About this time at king Edward's commandment of england when all the castles & towns were yielded to him that were holden in France by a great company assembled together sir Bartram Claykyn a noble knight & a good warrior went & purposed him to put Piers king of Spain out of his kingdom with help of the most party of the foresaid great company/ trusting also upon help and favour of the pope/ for as much as it came to his ere that the same Pyers should lead & use a sinful life/ the which Piers smitten with dread of these tidings fled in to Gascoyn to prince Edward for to have succour of him. And when he was fled out of Spain/ Henry his brother that was a bastard by assent of the most party of Spain/ & through help of the fearful company that I spoke of first was crowned king of Spain/ & the number of that same company was reckoned and set at the number of lx M. fighting men. ¶ This same year in the month of june there came a great company & a navy of Danes/ and gathered them together in the north see/ purposing to come in to England to reave & rob & also to slay with whom they encountered & met in the see. Mariners & other good fighting men of the country dysperpled them. And they ashamed went home again in to their own country/ but among all other there was a buistous vessel & a strong of their navy that was oversayled by the englishmen & was perished & drowned/ in the which the steward & other great men of Denmark were taken prisoners/ & the king of england & his counsel prisoned them the which lords the Danes afterward came & sought all about for to have had them again with their goods that they had lost/ & they not well apayed ne pleased of the answer that they had there/ returned home wards again/ leaving behind them in their Inns privily written in scrowes and on walls. Yet shall Danes waste the wanes. Than happened there an english writer & wrote against the Dane in this manner. Here shall Danes fet their banes. ¶ This time Pyers king of Spain with other kings/ that is to say/ the king of Naverne & the king of Malog●● being means went between & prayed couseyle & help of sir Edward the prince/ through whose counsel when he had understand their articles & desire that he was required of the kings/ loath he was & ashamed to say nay & contrary them/ but nevertheless he was aghast lest it should be any prejudice against the pope & long time tarried them or that he would grant or consent thereto/ till he had better counsel & advisement with good deliberation of king Edward his father. But when he was with every days & continual beseeching of many noble men required and spoken to/ & with many prayers sent & made between them. Than prince Edward sent to his father both by complaining letters & also by comfortable containing all their suggestions & causes with all the other kings epistles & letters for to have comfort & help of the wrongs not only done to the king of Spain but also for such things as might fall to other kings Also if it were not the sooner helped & amended through the doom & help of knighthode to them that it as●ed & desired. The which letter when the king & his counsel had seen such a kings spoiling & robbing with moche marvel/ & sent again comfortable letters to prince Edward his son & to the other foresaid kings/ & warned them to arm & ordain them against that misdoer/ & to ●●stande them by the help of god that were such enemies to kings. When this noble prince had received these letters himself with the other kings before said all their counsel called together or that he would undertake the quarrel/ he b●side & knit fore the king that was deposed with a great o'th'/ that is to say/ that he should ever after maintain the right believe & faith of holy church/ with all their mynystres rights & liberties to defend from all their enemies & all evils/ & all that were there against bitterly to punish & distrouble/ & all the rights liberties privileges of holy church increase & maintain/ & amend all things that be wrongfully taken 〈…〉 & borne away by him or by other because of him hastily to restore again/ & to drive & put out s●●●syns & all other 〈◊〉 people out of his kingdom with all his strength & power/ & suffer 〈◊〉 admit none such for no manner thing ne cause to dwell therein▪ ●nd that when he had taken a chris●● woman he should never come in to none other woman's bedd●/ ne none other man's wife to defoul. All these foresaid things truly to keep continue & fulfil as all his lyftyme he was bound by oath afore 〈◊〉/ in presence & witness of those kings with other dryness. And than that gracious prince Edward undertook the cause & the quarrel of the king that was deposed/ & behyght him with the grace of almighty god to restore him again to his kingdom/ & let ordain & gather together forthwith in all haste his navy with men of arms for to war & fight in his foresaid cause. ¶ And in this time upon sand of the scots see that many a man it saw three days together there were seen two Eagles/ of the which y● one came out of the south/ & that other out of the north/ & cruelly & strongly they fought & wrestled together/ & the south Egle first overcame the north Egle & all to rend him with his bill & his claws that he should not rest ne take no breath. And after the south Egle slew home to his own costs. And anon after there followed & was seen on the morrow afore the son rising & after in the last day of October save one day many stars gathered together on a 〈…〉 epe fell down to the earth/ leaving behind them fiery beams in manner of lightening/ whose flames brent & consumed men's clothes & men's here walking on the earth as it was seen & known of many a man. And yet the northern wind that is ever ready & destynate to all ill fro saint Katherynes' even till three days after lost great good without number unrecoverable. And i the same days there fell & came also such lightning thunder/ snow & hail/ that it wasted & destroyed men/ beasts/ houses & trees.   

¶ Of the battle of Spain beside the water of Nazers the was between prince Edward & sir Henry bastard of spain.  
IN the year of our lord a. M. CCC lxvij. & of king Edward xlij the third day of Apryll there was a strong battle & a great in a large field called Priazers fast by the water of Nazers in Spain between sir Edward the prince & sir Henry of Spain/ but the victory fell to prince Edward by the grate of god. And this same prince Edward had with him sir john duke of Lancastre his brother/ and other worthy men of arms about the number of xxx M. And the king of Spain had on his side men of divers nations to the number of an hundred thousand & moo/ wherefore the sharpness and fierceness of his adversary with his full buystous & great strength made and drove the rightful party aback a great way/ but through the grace of god almighty passing any manes strength that great host was dispurpled might fully by the noble duke of Lancastre & his boost or that prince Edward came nigh him. And when Henry bastard saw that/ he turned with his men in so great haste & strength to flee/ that a great company of them in the foresaid flood and of the bridge thereof fell down and perished. And also there were taken the earl of Dene and sir Bartram Cleykyn that was chief maker & causer of the war and also cheftayne of the vauntward of the battle with many other great lords and knights to the number of two thousand/ of whom two hundred were of France/ & many also of Scotland. And there were felled in the field on our enemies side of lords and knights with other people to the number of vi. M. and moo/ and of english men but a few. And after this the noble prince Edward restored the same Pyers to his kingdom again/ the which Pyers afterward through treachery & falseness of the foresaid bastard of spain as he sat at his meet he was strangled & died. But after this victory many noble and hardy men of England in Spain through the flux and divers other sicknesses took their death. ¶ And also in the same year in the March was seen stella cometa between the north costs and the west/ whose beams stretched toward France. ¶ And in the next year following of king Edwardes regne xliii in Apryl sir Leonel king Edwardes son that was duke of Clarence went toward Myleyn with a chosen meinie of the gentiles of England for to wed Galois daughter and have her to his wife/ by whom he should have half the lordship of Myleyn. But after that they were solemnly wedded/ & about the nativity of our lady the same duke of Myleyn died. And in the same year the french men broke the peas & truce riding on the kings ground & lordship of England in the shire & country of Pountyfe/ & took & held castles & towns: & bore the englyssh men on hand falsely & subtilely that they were cause of breaking of the truce. And in this year died the duchess of Lancastre/ and is buried in saint Paul's church. ¶ The xliiii year of the regne of king Edward was the greatest pestilence of men & of great beasts/ & by the great falling of waters that fell at the time/ there fell great hindering & destroying of corn/ in so moche that the next year after a bushel of wheat was sold for xl pens. And in the same year about the last end of may the king held his parliament at Westminstre in which parliament was spoken of the oath & truce that was broken between him & the king of France/ & how he might best be avenged upon his wrong. In the same year on the assumption of our lady died queen Philip of englonde a full noble lady & a good woman/ & at westminster worshipfully is buried. And about mid summer the duke of Lancastre & the earl of Herford with a great company of knights went in to France where they gate them but little worship/ for there was a great host of the frenchmen upon Calkhull bridge/ & an other host of englishmen fast by the same bridge the long time had lived there/ & many worthy & great men of the englishmen ordained & gave counsel for to fight and give battle to the frenchmen/ but the foresaid lords would not consent thereto for no manner thing. ¶ Anon after it happened that the earl of warwick came thitherward for to war And when the frenchmen heard of his coming/ or that he came fully to land they left their tents 〈◊〉 pavilions with at their victuals & fled privily away. And when the earl was comen to land with his men he went in all haste toward Normandy & destroyed y● yle of Caux with strength of sword & through fire. But alas in his returning to england again at calais he was taken with sickness of pest 〈◊〉 & died/ not leaving behind him after his days so noble a knight of arms. In which time reigned & warred the noble knight sir john Hawkewod that was an englishman borne/ having with him at his governance the white company afore said/ the which one time against holy church/ & an other time against lords warred & ordained great battles & 〈◊〉 re in the same country he did many marvelous things. ¶ And about y● 〈◊〉 zion of saint Paul the king whanne had ended & done the entering & 〈…〉 great costs & rialtees about the sepul 〈…〉 and burying of queen Philip his wife he held a parliament at westminster in which parliament was asked of y● 〈◊〉 a three years dime/ that is to say/ a g 〈…〉 me to be paid iii year during. And the clergy put it of & would not grant it unto Ester next coming/ & than they granted well that in iii year by certain terms that dime should be paid/ & also of y● lay 〈◊〉 was a iii years xu granted to the king.   

¶ How sir Robert Knolles with other certain lords of the realm went over se● in to France/ & of their governance.  
ANd in the xlv year of king Edward in the beginning he w●●h unwise counsel & undiscrete borrowed a great some of gold of the prelate's lords/ merchants & other rich men of his realm/ saying that it should be spent in defending of holy church & of his realm. Nevertheless it pfyted no thing/ wherefore about midsummer after he made a great host of the worthiest men of his realm among whom were some lords/ the is to say/ the lord Fitz water/ & the lord Graunson/ & other worthy knights/ of which knights the king ordained sir Robert Knolles a proved knight & well assayed in deeds of arms for to be governor/ and that through his counsel all thing should be governed & dressed. And when they came in to France/ as long as they dwelled & held them hold together the frenchmen durst not fall upon them And at the last about the begyuing of winter for envy & covetise that was among them & also discord/ they sundered them & parted in to divers companies unwisely & foolishly. But sir Robert Knolles & his men went & kept them safe within a castle in britain. And when the frenchmen saw that our men were divided in to divers companies & places/ not holding ne strengthing them together as they ought to do/ they fell fiercely on our men/ & for the most party took them or slew them/ & those that they might take led with them prisoners. ¶ And in the same year pope Vrban came fro Rome to Auinyon because that he should accord and make peace between the king of France & the king of England for evermore. But alas or he began his treatise he died with sickness the xxj. day of December/ & was buried as for the time in the cathedral church of Auin yond fast by the high altar. And the next year after when he had lain so his bones were taken out of the earth & buried new in the abbey of saint Victory fast by Marcile/ of the which abbey he was sometime abbot himself. And in both places that he was buried in there be many great miracles done & wrought through the grace of god to many a man's help & to the worship of almighty god. ¶ After whom followed next & was made pope Gregory cardinal deacon/ that before was called Piers Roger. ¶ In this same year the cite of Lymoge rebelled & fought against the pryuce as other cities did in Guienne for great taxes/ costages/ & raunsoms that they were put & set to by prince Edward/ which charges were importable & chargeable/ wherefore they turned fro him & fell to the king of France. And when prince Edward saw this: he was sore chafed & grieved/ & in turning homeward again in to England with sore scarmysshes & fighting & great assaults fought with them/ & took the foresaid cite & destroyed it almost to the ground/ & slew all that were found in the cite. And than for to say the sooth for divers sickness & maladies that he had & also for default of money that he might not withstand ne tarry on his enemies he hied him again in to england with his wife & meinie/ leaving behind him in Gascoyn the duke of Lancastre & sir Edmond earl of Cambridge with other worthy and noble men of arms. ¶ In the xluj year of king Edward at the ordinance & sending of king Edward/ the king of Naverne came to him to Claringdon to treat with him of certain things touthing his war in Normandy/ where king Edward had left certain lieges in his stedetyl he came again. But king Edward might not speed of that that he asked him. And so the king of Naverne with great worship & great gifts took his leave & went home again. ¶ And about the beginning of March when the parliament at Westmynster was begun then king asked of the clergy a subsydy of l M. pound/ the which by a good advisement & by a general convocation of the clergy it was granted & ordained that it should be paid & raised of the lay fee. And in this parliament at the request & asking of the lords in hatred of men of holy church/ the chancellor & the treasurer that were bishops/ & the clerk of the privy seal were removed and put out of their office/ & in their stead were secular men put in. And while this parliament lasted there came solemn ambassadors fro the pope to treat with the king of peace/ & said that the pope desired to fulfil his predecessors will/ but for all their coming they sped not.   

¶ Of the besyeging of Rochel/ & how the earl of Penbroke & his company was there taken in the haven with spaniards and all his ships brent.  
●He ix day of june king Edward in the xlvij year of his regne held his parliament at Wynchestre/ & it lasted but eight days/ to which parliament were sompned by write of men of holy church four bishops & four abbots without any moo. This parliament was holden for merchants of London/ of Nor which/ and of other divers places in divers things & points of treason that they were defamed of/ that is to say/ that they were rebel & would arise against the king ¶ This same year the duke of Lancastre & the earl of cambridge his brother came out of Gascoigne in to England/ & took & wedded to their wives Peter's daughters sometime king of Spain/ of which two daughters the duke had that elder/ & the earl the younger. And that same time there were sent two cardinals fro the pope/ that is to say an english cardinal & a cardinal of Paris to treat of peace between these two realms/ which when they had been both long each in his province & countries fast by treting of the foresaid peas/ at the last they took with them the letters of procuracy & went again to Rome without any effect of their purpose. In this year there was a strong battle on the see between Englishmen & flemings/ & the englishmen had the victory/ & took xxv. ships with salt/ & s●eynge & drowning all the men that were therein unwyting them that they were of the country/ & moche harm should have fallen thereof had not peace & accord soon be made between them. ¶ This year the frenchmen besieged the town of Rochel/ wherefore the earl of Penbroke was sent in to Gascoyn with a great company of men of arms for to destroy yn siege which passed the see & came safe to the haven of Rochel/ & when they were there at the havens mouth or that they might enter/ suddenly came upon them a strong navy of spaniards which overcame the Englishmen in moche blemishing/ hurting & slaying of many people/ for as much as the Englishmen were not than ready for to fight ne warned of them. And as the Spanyerdes came upon them all the englishmen either they were taken or slain/ and. r. of them were sore wounded to the doth & all the●r ships brent/ & there they took the earl with a great treasure of the realm of Eng 〈…〉 & many other noble men also on my 〈…〉 mer even the which is sa●t Etheldredes day/ & led them with them in to Spayn● And of this mischief was no great w 〈…〉 der/ for this earl was a full 〈◊〉 l●uer as an open lecher. And also in a certa●●e parliament he stood & was against the rights & franchises of holy church & also he counseled the king & his co 〈…〉 that they should ask more of men of holy church than other persones of the lay fee. And for the king and other men of his counsel accepted and took rather evil opinions & causes against men of holy church than he did for to defend and maintain the right of holy church, ●t was after seen many times for lack of fortune and grace they had not so great victory ne power against their enemies as they did before. ¶ This same year the king with a great host entered the see to remove the siege of Rochel/ but the wind was ever contrary to him/ & suffered him not long time to go far fro the land/ wherefore he abode a certain time upon the see costs abiding after a good wind & yet came it not. So at the last he came thence with his men to lonoward again/ & anon as he was on land the wind turned & was in an other cost than it was afore.   

¶ How the duke of Lancastre with a great host went in to Flaundres & passed by Paris through Burgoyn and through all France till he came to Bordeaux.  
Soon after in the xlviij year of the regne of king Edward the duke of Lancastre with a great power went in to Flaundres and passed by Paris through Burgoyn & through all France till he came to Bordeaux without any manner with standing of the frenchmen/ & he did them but little harm/ save he took & ransomed many places & towns & many men: & after let them go freely. ¶ The same year the king sent certain ambassadors to the pope/ praying him that he should leave of & not meddle in his court of the kepynges & reservations of benefices in england & that those that were chosen to bishops sees & dignities freely & with full might joy & have & be confirmed to the same of their metropolytans & archbishops as they were wont to be of old tyme. Of these points & of other touching the king & his realm/ when they had their answer of the pope/ the pope enjoined them that they should certify him again by their letter of the kings will & of his realm or they determined aught of the foresaid articles ¶ In this same year died john the archbishop of York/ john bishop of Ely/ William bishop of worcester/ in whose steeds followed & were made bishops by authority of the pope/ master Alexander nevil to the archebysshopryche of York/ Thomas of Arundel to the bishopric of Ely/ & sir Henry wakefelde to the bishopric of worcester. In the which time it was ordained in the parliament that all cathedral churches should joy & have their elections hole/ & that the king fro that time afterward should not write against them that were chosen/ but rather help them by his letters to their confirmation. This statute did much perfect And in this parliament was granted to the king a dime of the clergy & a xu of lay fee. ¶ In the xlix year of king Edward died master William wytlesey archbishop of Caunterbury/ and the monks of the same church asked & desired a cardinal of England to be archbishop/ & therefore the king was aggrieved & purposed to have exiled the monks of the same house. And they spent much good or they might have the kings grace & his love again/ but yet would the king not consent to their election of the cardinal/ ne of the pope also ne his cardinals. ¶ And at the beginning of August it was treated & spoken at Bruges of certain points & articles hanging between the pope & the king of England/ & this treatise lasted almost two year. At that last it was accorded between them that the pope fro the time forth should not use ne deal with the reservations of benefices in England and that the king should not grant ne let no benefices by his write that is called Quare impedit. But as touching the election abovesaid there was no thing touched ne done. And that was wyte & put upon certain clerks the which rather supposed & hoped to be advanced and promoted to bishoprics which they desired & coveted by the court of Rome rather than by any other elections. ¶ This same year about Candelmasse there met together at Bruges many noble & worthy men of both sides & realms to treat of peace between the two kings. And this treatise lasted two year with great costs & large expenses of both parties. And at the last they went & departed thence without any accord or effect. The next year after the l year of king Edward/ the four none. of may being yet void & valiant the archebysshopryche of Caunterbury master Symond sudbery bishop of London was made archbishop: & master William Courtney that was bishop of Herford was than made bishop of London/ & the bishop of Bangor was made bishop of Herford. And this same time in a certain treatise & speaking of peace truce was taken between England & France fro midsummer to the next midsummer after. And about the beginning of april the duke of britain with many earls/ barons & worthy lords & men of England went over see in to Britain where he had all his lust/ desire & purpose ne had the foresaid truce been so soon taken which letted them. ¶ This same time the isle of Constantyne where that the castle of saint saviour is in/ that long time was fought at/ & besieged of the frenchmen was than yoleden to them with all the appurtenances/ to great harm & hindering of the realm of england. And this same year there were so great & so passing betes & therewithal a great pestilence in England & in other divers parties of the world that it destroyed & sew violently & strongly both men & women without number. ¶ This same year died sir Edward yn lord spencer a worthy knight & a bold/ & in the minster of Teukesbury worshipfully is buried. And lasting this pestilence the pope at the instance & prayer of an english cardinal granted to all people that died in England that were sorry & repentant for their sins & also shryu● full remission by two bulls under lead vj. months than next to last. ¶ In this same year the earl of Penbroke was taken and ransomed by B●●t●am Claykyn between Paris & calais as he came toward england upon saint Etheldredes day/ the which saint as it was said the earl oftentimes had offended/ & within a little while after he died. And in November next after there met at Bruges the duke of Lancastre & the duke of Angeo with many other lords and prelate's of both realms for to treat of peace.   

¶ Of the death of prince Edward/ & of the lord Latimer and dame Alyce Pe●s through whom & her maintainers the realm many a day was misgoverned.  
NOt long after the lj year of king Edwardes regne he let ordain & hold at Westmynster the greatest parliament that was seen many a year afore. In the which parliament he asked of the commonalty of the realm as he had done afore a great subsidy to be granted to him for defending of him & his realm. But the comyns answered the they were so of● day by day grieved & charged with so many tallages & subsidies that they might no longer suffer such burdens & charges/ & the they knew & wist well enough that the king had enough for saving of him & his realm/ if the realm were well & truly governed/ but the it had been so long 〈…〉 governed by ill offyeers'/ that ye●ea●me might neither be plenteous of chaffer & merchandise ne also with richesse. And in these things they proffered themself/ if the king would certainly to pre 〈…〉 and standeby. And if it were found & proved afterward that the king had need/ they would gladly every man after his power and state him help and l●ne. And after this were published & showed in the parliament many plaints and defaults of divers officers of the realm/ & namely of the lord Larimer the kings chamberlain both to the king & oak to the realm And also at the last there was spoken & treated of dame Alyce Pers for the great wrongs & evil governance that was done by her counsel in the realm/ the which dame Alyce Pers the king had holden long time to his leman/ wherefore it was the less wonder though through the frailty of the woman's exciting & her steering he consented to her lewdness & evil counsel/ the which dame Alyce & also the lord Larimer & other such that moved the king to evil governance against his profit & the realm also/ all the comynalte asked & desired that they should be removed & put away/ & in their steeds wise men & worthy that were true & well assayed & proved/ & of good governance should be put in their steeds. So among all other there was one among the comyns that was a wise knight & true & an eloquent man/ whose name was Piers de la mare And this Piers was chosen to be spekee for the comyns in the parliament. And for this same Pyers told & published the troth & rehearsed the wrongs against the foresaid dame Alyce & other certain persons of the kings counsel as he was bidden by the comyns/ & also trusting moche to be supported & maintained in this matter by help & favour of the prince anon as the prince was deed/ at the instance & request of the foresaid dame Alyce this Piers de la mare was judged to perpetual prison in the castle of Notyngham in the which he was two year. And in the. uj kal. of july lasting the same parliament died prince Edward king Edward's first son/ that is to say/ on trinity sunday in worship of which feast he was wont every year where y● ever he were in the world to hold & make the most solemnity that he might/ whose name & fortune of knighthood (but if it had been of another Hector) all men both christian & heathen while that he lived & was in good point wondered moche & dread him wonders sore whose body is worshipfully buried in Chrystchirche at Caunterbury. ¶ And in this same year that men & the earls tenants of warwick arose maliciously against the abbot & covent of Euesham & their tenaunces/ & destroyed the abbey & the town/ & wounded & bet their men & slew many of them & went to their manner places & did moche harm/ & broke down their parks & closes & slew their wild beasts & chased them/ breaking their fish ponds he des/ & let the water of their pondes stews & rivers ren out & took the fish & bare it with them/ & did them all the sorrow that they might/ so farforth that they had destroyed perpetually the abbey with all theyrmembres & appurtenances but if the king the sooner had not helped it & taken heed therte/ & therefore the king sent his letters to the earl of warwik/ chatging & commanding him that he should siynt redress & amend those evil boers & brekers of his peas/ & so by means oflordes & other friends the peas was made between them/ & for this as it was said the king would not be governed at the time by his lords that there were in the parliament/ but he took & made his son the duke of Lancastre his governor of the realm/ the which stood so still as governor till the time that he died. ¶ The same year after Candelmas or the parliament was done the king asked a subsydy of the clergy & of the lay le/ & it was granted him/ that is to say that he should have of every person of the lay le/ both man & woman that passed xiiij year of age. iiij pens/ out take poor beggars that were known openly for needy poor beggars. And that he should have of every man of holy thirche that was beneficed or promoted twelve pens/ & all other that were not proted. iiij. pens/ out take the four ordres of the freres beggars. ¶ This same year after Mighelmasse Richard prince Edwardes son was made prince of Wales to whom the king gave also the duchy of cornwall with the earldom of Chestre. And about this time the cardinal of England the fourth day before Mary Mawdeleyns' day after dinner suddenly was stricken with a palsy & lost his speech and on Mary Mawdeleyns' day died.   

¶ Of the death of king Edward/ & how sir john Monsterwarth knight was drawn and hanged for his falseness.  
BYght anon after in the lij year of king Edward in the beginning of October pomp Gregory the xj brought and removed his court with him from Auinyon to Rome. ¶ And the twelve day of Apryll john Monsterwarth knight at London was drawn & hanged & than quartered & sent to four chief towns of england/ & his heed smitten of & set upon London bridge. For this john was full untrue to the king & to the realm & covetous & unstable/ for he took oftentimes great sums of money of the king & his counsel for men of arms wages that he should have paid them/ & took it to his own use/ & he dread that at the last he should be shent & accused for the same cause & fled privily to the king of France/ & was sworn to him & became his man and behyght him a great navy out of Spain to confusion and destroying of england. But the rightful god to whom no privity is unknown/ suffered him first to be shent & spylte or that he so traitorously & falsely betrayed his lyege lord the king of England & his people in his realm/ in the which ground this same john was borne/ & wickedly through battle destroyed or he brought about his cursed purpose. ¶ In the feast of saint Gregory next after king Edward gave to richard of Bordeaux his heir that was prince Edward's son at Wyndsore the order of knighthood & made him knight/ the which king Edward when he had reigned lj year & more/ the xj kal. of june he died at Shene/ & is buried worship fully at westmynster/ on whose soul god have mercy. This king Edward was forsooth of a passing goodness & full gracious among all the worthy men of the world/ for he passed & shone by virtue of grace given to him from god above all his predecessors that were noble men & worthy & he was a well hearted man & an hardy for he dread never no mishaps ne barmes ne evil fortune that might fall a noble warrior & a fortunate/ for both on land & see & in all battles & assembles with a passing glory & joy he had the victory/ he was meek/ benign/ homely/ sober & soft to all men as well to strangers as to his own subjects & to other that were under his governance/ he was devout & holy both to god & holy church/ for he worshipped holp & maintained holy church & their ministers with all manner reverence/ he was tree table & well advised in remporall & worldly needs/ wise in counsel/ & discrece & meek to speak with/ in his deeds & manners gentle & well taught/ having pite on them that were in disease/ plenteous in giving e● benefits & alms/ busy & curious in building/ & lightly he bore & suffered wrongs & harms/ & when he was given to any occupation he left all other things for the time & tended thereto/ seemly of body & a mean stature/ having always to high & to low a good cheer. And there sprung & shone so moche grace of him that what man had behold his face/ or had dreamed of him he hoped the day that all thing should hap to him joyful & liking. And he governed his kingdom gloriously unto his age/ he was large in giving & wise in expenses he was fulfilled with all honest of good manners & virtues/ under whom to live it was as for to regne/ wherefore his fame & his loos sprung so far that it came in to hethynnesse & Barbary/ showing & telling his worthiness & manhood in all lands/ & that no land under heaven had brought forth so noble a king/ so gentle & so blessed/ or might raise such another when he was deed. Nevertheless lechery & moving of his flesh haunted him in his age/ wherefore the rather as it is to suppose for vumesurable fulfilling of his lust his life shorted the sooner. And hereof take good heed like as his deeds beareth witness/ for as in his beginning all things were joyful and liking to him & to all people. And in his middle age he passed all people in high joy/ worship & blyssednes. Right so when he drew in to age drawing downward through lechery & other sins little & little all those joyful & blessed things and prosperity decreased & misshaped/ and unfortunate things and unprofitable harms with many evils began for to spring/ and the more harm is/ it continued long time after.  
CLemens the sixth was pope after Benedict ten year. This man in name & deed was virtuous/ & many things the Benedict was rigous in/ he made easy/ & certain that he deprived he restored/ & the rygousnes of the faith of Benedict was laudable/ but moche more laudable was the meekness of Clement. This man was a noble preacher/ & many sermons he gathered/ & let no man pass from him but he gave him good counsel/ & decessed a blessed man. ¶ Karolus the four was emperor after Lodewyk xxxj year. This man was king of Beme a wise man & a mighty/ & this man was chosen emperor by the commandment of Clement Lodewyk being alive in his contemacy/ & because he asked meekly the pope's blessing and to be crowned of him/ as other good kings did/ therefore he was protected of god/ & prevailed over all his enemies/ & many favourable laws he made to spiritual men/ the which yet are called Karolma. At the last he deceased a rich man in virtue & goods. ¶ Inno centius the uj was pope after Clement x. year/ and he was a great lover of religious men/ & he founded a monastery in France of the order of Cartusiens'/ & was a great canonyst. ¶ Vrbanus the .v. was pope after Innocent. This man was abbot of Missolens of the order of saint Benet a doctor/ & is taken for a saint. He made the cross to be preached against the turks And he made a passage to the turks. And to him saint Brigyt was sent from Chryst for the confirmation of their rule/ & than he was poisoned & decessed. ¶ Gregory the xj was pope after him eight year. This Gregory did little/ & after him followed the tribulation that our lord showed to saint Brigit for the sin of the clergy. ¶ Wenselans son to Karolus aforesaid was emperor xiiij year/ and he was a child/ and was chosen when his father was on live/ but he took no keep of the empire. And when he was warned many times to take heed unto it and would not/ he was deposed. For he gave all his delight and lust unto lechery/ & the end was without honour/ for he went greatly from the manners & the virtues of his noble father. And he was crowned with the imperial diadem/ & the wisdom of his father passed in to Sygysmund his brother/ as after it shall appear. ¶ Vrbanus was pope after Gregory uj year. This urban was chosen in the Cite of Rome by strength of the romans/ but the cardinals did that for dread & not willingly/ wherefore they fled to the Cite of Fundorun. And they said that he was not pope/ & chose in his place sir Roberte of Gebennys the same year/ which was called Clement the vij ¶ Nota. ¶ And here began the xxij stryte in the church And it was more worse than ever was any other before. For it was so subtle/ that the wisest men that were & the best conscyenced could not discern with whom it was best to say and hold. And this strife dured xl year with a great slander unto all the clergy/ and great peril unto men's souls for heresies & other evil things the which were brought in than In so much that there was no doctrine in the church for misdoing. And therefore from this urban the vij unto Martin I know not who was pope. The feast of the visitation of our lady was ordained by Vrban the uj after the form of the sacrament of the awte● for a peace and an unite for to be had among them through the merits of our blessed lady. ¶ Bonifacius the ix was pope after Vrban xu year. This Bonyface was chosen at Rome in the stead of urban/ & the strife continued/ for Benedictus was chosen in Auinyon in the place of Clement and was called Petrus deluna/ and he duced to the counsel of Constantyneys/ and than he would not obey/ but ever abode obstinate. And at the last he decessed in the kingdom of Arragon. And he commanded his cardinals to choose an other pope/ the which they did anon. And they set up an idol and named him Clement/ but they profited not.   

¶ Circa amium dni. M. CCC lxxx  
¶ And after king Edward the third that was borne at wyndsore reigned Richard of Butdeux that was prince Edward's son of Wales/ which prince Edward was king Edward's sone.  
ANd after the good king Edward the third that was borne at wind sore reigned Richard the second that was the good sir Edwardes son prince of Wales/ the which king Richard was borne in the cite of Bordeaux in Gascoyn and was crowned at Westmynster in the xj. year of his age. And in the second year of his regne for the debate that was between the lord Latymer & sir Ralph Feryecs' knight that were against Hawell and shackle squires/ for the prisoner that was taken in Spain by these two squires/ the which prisoner the lord Latimer & sir Ralph Feryers would have had/ the which prisoner was the earl of Dene that they took in the battle of Spain wherefore these two lords came in to the church at Westmynstre/ and found this one squire hearing a mass beside saint Edward's shrine/ and there they slew him the which was called Hawell/ and shackle was arrested & put in to the tour of London/ & there he was long time for he would not deliver the crle of Dene his prisoner unto these two lords by sir Aleyn Buxhyll constable of the tour/ & by sir Ralph Feriers one of his adversaries/ till the king had granted him grace. ¶ In the third year of king Richard came the Galays of France in to England unto divers ports/ & brent & rob & slew moche people of england that is to say/ at Wynchelsee/ Rye/ and Hastynges/ Portesmouth/ Hanton/ Scor more & Gravesend/ and they did much harm & went home again. ¶ And in this same year was a parliament holden at Westmynster/ and at that same parliament was ordained that every man woman & child that were of the age of xiv. year and above throughout all the realm poor folk & other should pay to the tallage four pens. Wherefore came & befell afterward great mischief & moth disease to all the commonalty of the realm. ¶ And in the four year of king Ry chardes regue the comyns arose up in divers parties of the realm/ & did moche harm/ the which time they called the hurling tyme. And they of Kent and of Essex made them two chefetaynes for to rule & govern the company of Kent & of Essex/ that one was called jacke straw & that other Watte Tyler/ & they came and assembled them upon black heth in Kent. And on Corpus Christi day after they came down in to South work/ & broke up the prison house/ that is to say the kings bench & the Marchalsee/ & delivered out all the prisoners. And so the same day they came in to London & there they rob the people/ and slew all the aliens that they might find in the cite & about the cite/ and despoiled all their goods & made havoc. And on the friday next following that was in the morning they came to the tour of London/ and the king being therein they fet out of the tour the archbishop of Caunterbury sir Edmond Sudbery and sir Robert Halys hospitaler prior and master of saint john's house/ and a white frere that was confessor unto king Richard/ & brought them to the tour hill/ and there they smote of their heeds/ and came again to London and slew moche people of the cite. And than they went unto the duke's place of Lancastre beyond saint Mary of the strand that was called the Savoy/ and there they devoured & destroyed all the goods that they might find therein/ and bore them away/ & than brent up the place. And than afterward they went to saint john's without smithfield and there they destroyed all the goods and brent up that house. And after they went to Westmynster and to saint martyn's the grand/ and made them to go out of the sentwary all that were within for any manner of guilt. And than they came unto the temple and to all the other Inns of men of law/ & despoiled them & rob them of their goods/ & also took their books of law. And than they came to London & broke up the prison of Newgate/ & drove out all the prisoners felons & other/ and of both Counters & all the people that were within them/ & destroyed all the books of the Counters. And thus they continued both saturday & sunday unto the monday next after in all their malice & wickedness. And than on mondaye king Richard with his lords that were with him that time/ & with the Mayor of London William Walworth that was that time came with the aldermen & the comyns of the Cite/ and they came in to South work to here & to know the intention of these rebels & misgoverned people. And this jacke straw than made a cry in the field that all the people of accord should come near & here his clamours and his cry & his will. And the lords & the Mayor & the aldermen with the commonalty having indignation of his covetise & falseness and his foul presumption. Anon William Walworth that time being Mayor drew out his knife & slew jacke straw/ and anon right there smote of his heed/ and set it upon a spear/ & so it was borne through London & set upon London bridge. Anon these rysers & misgoverned men were clean vanished as it had not been they. And than the king of his great goodness & by prayer of his lords made there uj knights of good & worthy men of the cite of London/ that is to say/ William Walwoorth at the time Mayre & slew jacke straw the second was Nicolas Brembre and the third john Philipot/ and the fourth Nicolas Twyford/ and the fifth Robert Lands/ and the syith Robert Gayton. And than the king with his lords & knights returned again to the tour of London/ & there he rested him till this people were better seced & set in rest & peace. And than by process of time as they might take & get these rebels & rysers they hinge them upon the next galous through out every lordship in the realm of england by xl & by xxx by ten & by twelve ever as they might be gotten & taken in any parties. ¶ And in the .v. year of king Rychardes regne was the great earth quake/ & was general throughout the world the wednesday after whytsondaye in the year of our lord. M. CCC. lxxxxj. wherefore all manner people were sore aghast & afeard long time for dread of vengeance that our lord showed & did. ¶ And in the vi year of king Richard sir Henry Spenser bishop of Norwiche went with a Croiserie over the see in to Flaundres/ & there they gate the town of graving & the town of Burburgh/ Dunkirk & Newport/ & there they laded & fraughted lj ships with pillage for to have comen in to england with these ships & goods. And the bishop of Norwyche & his counsel let bren these ships with all the pillage in the same haven in to hard ashes. And at Dunkirk was done a battle between the flemings & the englishmen. And at that battle were salyne a great multitude of flemings And than went the bishop with his retinue to ypers/ and besieged it a long time/ but it might not be gotten/ and so left that siege & came again in to England. For our englishmen were foully destroyed/ & many died of the flix. ¶ And in this same year came queen Anne in to England for to be spoused to king richard. And her father was emperor of almain & king of Beme. And with her came the duke of Tassy her uncle/ & many other worthy lords & knights of her country of Beme & of other duche tongues to do her reverence & worship. And sir Symond Beuerle a worthy knight of the garter & other knights & squires that were the kings ambassadors brought her in to England/ & so forth to London And the people of the cite/ that is to say the Mayor & the aldermen & all the comyns road against her to welcome her/ & every man in good array/ & every craft with his mynstralsy in the best manner met with her on the black heath in Kent/ & so brought her unto London through the cite/ and so forth to Westmynster unto the kings palace. And there she was spoused unto king Richard well & worthily in the abbey of Westmynster/ and there she was crowned queen of england. And all her friends that came with her had great gifts & were well cherished and refreshed as long time as they abode there. ¶ And in the same year there was a battle done in the kings pala●s at Westmynster for certain points of 〈◊〉 son of sir john Ansley knight defendant and Carton squire the appellaunt. But this sir john Ansley overcame this Carton/ & made him to yield him within y● list. And anon was this Carton despoiled of his harness & drawn out of the lists/ & so forth to Tyburn & there he was hanged for his falseness. ¶ And in the viij. year of the regne of king Richard sir Edmonde of Langley earl of cambridge the kings uncle went in to Portyngale with a fair company of men of arms and archers/ in strengthing and helping the king of Portyngale against the king of Spain and his power/ & there the king of Portyngale had the victory of his enemies through help and comfort of our englishmen. And when the journey was done the earl of cambridge came home again with his people in to England in haste/ blessed be god & his blessed gifts. Amen. ¶ And this same year king richard held his christmas in the manoyr of Eltham. ¶ And the same year that king of Armony fled out of his own land & came in to England for to have help & succour of our king against his enemies that had driven him out of his realm. And so he was brought unto the king to Eltham there as the king held his rial feast of Christmas. And there our king welcomed him & did him much reverence & worship/ and commanded all his lords to make him all the cheer that they could. And than he besought the king of his grace & of help and of his comfort in his need/ & that he might be brought again to his kingdom & land for the Turks had destroyed the most part of his land/ and how he fled for dread/ and came hither for succour & help And than the king having on him pity and compassion of his great mischief & grievous disease/ anon he took his counsel & asked what was best to do. And they answered & said/ if it liked him to give him any good/ it were well done/ and as touching his people for to travail so far in to out loudes/ it were a great jeopardy. And so the king gave him gold & silver & many other rich gifts & jewels & betaught him to god/ and so he passed again out of England ¶ And this same year king Richard with a royal power went in to scotland for to war upon the Scots for the falseness & destruction that the Scots had done to the englishmen in the marches. And than the Scots came down to the king for to treat with him & with his lords for truce as for certain years. And so our king & his counsel granted them truce for certain years/ and our king turned him again in to england. And when he was comen to York there he abode and rested him. And there sir John Holland the earl of Kentes brother slew the earls son of Stafford and his heir with a dagger in the cite of York wherefore the king was sore annoyed & grieved/ and removed thence and came to London. And the Mayor with the alder men & the comyns with all the solemnity that might be done road against the king and brought him royally through the cite and so forth to westminster to his own palace. ¶ And in the ix year of king Rychardes regne he held a parliament at Westmynster/ and there he made two dukes and a markeys/ and .v. earls. The first that was made duke was the kings uncle sir Edmond of Langley earl of cambridge/ and him he made duke of york. And his other uncle sir Thomas of woodstock that was earl of Bokyngham him he made duke of Glocestre. And sir Leonner that was earl of Oxford him he made markeys of Develyn. And Henry of Balynbroke the dukes son of Lancastre him he made earl of Derby. And sir Edward the duke's son of York him he made earl of Rutlonde. And sir John Holland that was the earl of Kentes brother him he made earl of Huntyngdon. And sir Thomas Mombray him he made earl of Notyngham and earl Martial of England. And sir Mychell de la pole knight him he made earl of Suffolk & chancellor of England. And the earl of the March at the same parliament holden at Westmynster in plain parliament among all the lords and comyns was ꝓclaymed earl of the March and heir parent to the crown of England after king Richard/ the which earl of the March went over the sce in to ireland unto his lordship's and lands/ for the earl of March is earl of Ulster in ireland and by right line and heritage. And there at the castle of his he lay that time/ & there came upon him a great multitude in bushments of wild Iryssh men for to take & destroy him. And he came out fiercely of his castle with his people & manly fought with them/ & there he was take & hewn all to pieces/ & so he died/ upon whose soul god have mercy ¶ And in the ten year of king Richard's regne the earl of Arundel went to the see with a great navy of ships enarmed with men of arms & good archers. And when they came in the broad see they met with the hole fleet that came with wine laden from Rochel/ the which wine were enemies goods/ & there our navy set upon them & took them all/ and brought them to divers ports & havens of England and some to London/ & there ye might have had a town of Rochel wine of the best for twenty shillings sterling/ and so we had great cheap of wine in england that time thanked be god almighty.   

¶ How the five lords arose at Ratcote bridge.  
ANd in the regne of king Richard the xj year the five lords arose at Ratcote bridge in the destruction of the rebels that were the time in all the realm. The first of the five lords was sir Thomas of woodstock the kings uncle & duke of Blocestre. The second was sir Richard earl of Arundel. The third was sir Richard earl of warwick. The fourth was sir Henry Bolynbroke earl of Derby. The fifth was sir Thomas Mombray earl of Notyngham. And these .v. lords saw the mischief & misgovernance & the falseness of the kings counsel wherefore they that were the time chief of the kings counsel fled out of this land over the see/ that is to say/ sir Alysaunder Nevell the archbishop of York/ & sir Roberte Lewer markeys of Develyn & earl of Oxford/ & sir Mychell de la Pole earl of Suffolk and chancellor of England. And these three lords went over the see/ & never came again/ for there they died. And than these five lords above said made a parliament at Westmynster And there they took sir Robert Tresilian the justice/ and sir Nycholl Brembre knight & citezyn of London/ & sir john Salysbury a knight of the kings household/ & Uske sergeant of arms/ & many moo of other people were taken and judged to death by the counsel of these five lords in that parliament at Westmynster/ for the treason that they put upon them/ to be drawn from the toute of London throughout the Cite/ and so forth to Tyburn/ & there they should be hanged and their throats to be cut/ and thus they were served & died. And after that in this same parliament at Westmynster was sir Symond Beverley that was a knight of the garter/ & sir john Beauchamp knight that was steward of the kings household/ & sir james berner's were foriudged to death/ & than they were led on foot to the tour hill and there were their hedes smitten of and many other moo by these .v. lords. ¶ In this same parliament and in the. 〈◊〉. year of king Rychardes regne he let try & ordain a general justes that is called a turneyment of lords knights & squires And these justes and turneyment were holden at London in smyth●elde of all manner of strangers of what land or ceuntre that ever they were/ & thither they were right welcome/ & to them & to all other was holden open household & great feast & also great gifts were given to all manner of strangers. And of the kings side were all of one suit their co●●s their armure/ sheldes/ horse trappures/ and all was white hearts with crowns about their necks/ & chains of gold hanging thereupon/ & the crown hanging low before the hearts body/ the which heart was the kings livery that he gave to lords & ladies/ knights & squires for to know his household from other people. And in this feast came to the justes xxiiij ladies & led xxiiij lords of the garter with chains of gold & all the same suits of hearts as it is before said from the tour on horseback through the cite of London in to smythfelde where as y● jousts should be held. And this feast & jousts was holden generally for all those that would come thither of what land or nation that ever they were. And this was held during xxiv. days of the kings costs/ & these xxiv. lords to answer all manner people that would come thither. And thither came the earl of saint Paul of France/ & many other worthy knights with him of diverse parties full worthily arrayed. And out of holland & Henaud came the lord Ostreuaunt that was the dukes son of Holland/ & many other worthy knights with him of Holland full well arrayed. And when this feast & justing was ended the king thanked these strangers/ and gave them many rich gifts. And than they took their leave of the king & of other lords & ladies & went home again in to their own countries with great love & moche thank. ¶ And in the xiij year of king Rychardes regne there was a battle done in the kings palace at westmynstre between a squire of Naverne that was with king Richard/ & another squire that was called john walshe for points of treason that this Naverne put upon this welsh man. But this Naverne was overcomen & yielded him creaunt to his adversary/ & anon he was despoiled of his armure & drawn out of the palace to Tyburn and there was hanged for his falseness. ¶ And in the xiiij year of king Richard's regne sir john of Gaunt duke of Lancastre went over see into Spain for to challenge his right that he had by his wives title unto the crown of Spain with a great host of people/ & he had with him the duchess his wife & his three daughters in to Spain/ & there they were a great while. And at the last the king of Spain began for to treat with the duke of Lancastre/ and they were accorded together through both their counsels in this manner/ that the king of Spain should wed the duke's daughter that was the right heir of Spain/ & he should give unto the duke gold & silver that were cast in to great wedges: & many other jewels as much as eight chariots might carry. And every year after during the duke's life & the duchess his wife ten M. mark of gold/ of which gold the adventure & charges should be to them of Spain/ & yearly bring to Bayon to the duke's assigns by surety made. And also the duke married another of his daughters to the king of Portyngale the same tyme. And when he had done thus he came home again into England/ & the good lady his wife also/ but many worthy men died of the flux. ¶ In the xu year of king Rychardes regne he held his Christmas in the manoyr of woodstock/ & there the earl of Penbroke a young lord & tender of age would learn to Just with a knight that was called sir john of saint john/ & road to guider in the park of woodstock. And there this worthy earl of Pembroke was slain with that other knights spear as he cast it from him when they had coupled/ & thus this good earl made there his end and therefore the king & the queen made much sorrow for his death. ¶ And in the xuj. year of king Richard's regne john Hende being the time Mayre of London and john Walworth & Henry Vanner being sheriffs of London/ that same time a bakers man bore a basket of horsbrede into Fleetstreet toward an hostry and there came a young man of the bishops of Salysbury that was called roman/ & he took a horse loaf out of the basket of the bakers/ & he asked him why he did so. And this roman turned again & broke the bakers heed/ & neighbours came out & would have arrested this roman/ & he broke from them & fled to his lords place/ and the constable would have had him out/ but the bishops men shut fast the gates/ & kept the place that no man might enter. And than much more people gathered thither/ & said that they would have him out/ or else they would burn up the place & all that were therein. And than came the Mayor & sheriffs with much other people & cessed the malice of the comyns/ & made every man to go home to their houses & keep the peas. And this romans lord the bishop of Salysbury master john Waltham that at the time was treasurer of England went to sir Thomas Arundel archbishop of Caunterbury & chancellor of england/ & there the bishop made his complaint unto the chancellor upon the people of the cite of London. And than these two bishops of great malice & vengeance came unto the king at Wyndsore & made a great complaint upon the Mayor & sheriffs. And anon all the cite afterward came before the king & his counsel/ & they cast unto the cite a grievous heart & wonders great malice. And anon suddenly the king sent for the Mayre of London & the sheriffs/ & they came to him in the castle of Wyndsore And the king rebuked the Mayor & sheriffs full foul for the offence that they had done against him & his officers in his chambre at London/ wherefore he deposed & put out the Mayor & both sheriffs/ & this was done xiiij days before the feast of saint john baptist. And than the king called to him a knight that was called sir Edward Dalingrigge/ & made him warden & governor of the cite & chambre of London/ & over all his people therein. And so he kept that office but four weeks because that he was so gentle & tender to the citezyns of London/ wherefore the king deposed him/ & made sir Bawdewyn Radyngton knight that was Controller of the kings household warden & governor of his chambre and of his people therein/ and chose to him two worthy men of the cite to be sheriffs with him to govern & keep the kings laws in the cite/ that one was called Gylbert Mawfelde/ & that other Thomas Newenton sheriffs. And than the Mar 〈…〉 two sheriffs & all the aldermen wall 〈◊〉 worthy crafts of London went 〈…〉 to the tour of London/ & there came 〈…〉 the Constable of the tour/ and gave the Mayor & sheriffs their oath & charge as they should have taken in y●●●cheker of Westmynster in the kings court of his justice & barons of the exchequer & than went they home again. And than the king & his counsel for the grece malyer & despite that they had to the cite of Londen removed all his courts from Westmynster unto the cite of york/ that is to say the chancellor/ the exchequer/ the kings br●che/ & the common place & there they held all these courts of law fro midsummer that is to say/ the feast of saint john bapryst unto the feast of christmas next coming And than the king & his counsel it not so profitable there as it was at London. Than anon he removed if again to London & so to westminster for great ease of his officers and aua●rage to the king and all the comyns of the realm. And when the people of London saw 〈◊〉 knew that these courts were come aga 〈…〉 and the king & his people also/ than the Mayor & the aldermen with the chief comyns of the cite let gather a great sum of gold of all the comyns of the cite/ and ordained & made great rialtees against his coming to London for to have his grace & good lordship/ and also their liberties & franchises granted to them again as they were wont to have afore tyme. And through great instance and prayer of the queen & of other lords & ladies the king granted them grace. And this was done at Shene in sothery. And than the king within two days after came to London. And the Mayor of the cite with the sheriffs aldermen & all the worthy men of the cite afterward road against him in good array to the heath on this side the manoyr of Shene/ humbly & meekly submitting them with all manner obey sans unto him as they ought to do. And thus they brought the king & the queen to London/ & when the king came to the gate of London bridge/ there they presented him with a milk white stead saddled & bridled & trapped with cloth of gold and reed partyed together. And the queen a palfrey all white in the same array trapped with white & reed/ & all the condytes of London ran with wine both white and reed/ for all manner people to drink who would. And between saint Paul and the cross in cheap there was made a stage a rial standing on high/ & therein were many angels with divers melodies & songs. And than an angel came down from the stage on high by a vice & set a crown of gold pight with rich pearls & precious stones upon the kings heed/ & an other upon the queens heed. And so the citezyns brought the king and the queen to Westmynster in to their palace. And than on the moro we after the Mayre & the sheriffs & the aldermen of London came unto the king to his palace at westminster & presented him with two basyns of silver & over gylted full of coined gold the some of twenty C. pound praying him of his high mercy & grace and lordship & special grace that they might have his good love with the liberties & franchises like wise as they were wont for to have before time/ and by his letters patents and his chartre confirmed. And the queen & other worthy lords & ladies fell on their knees & besought the king of grace to ronfyrme this Than the king took up the queen and granted her all her asking. And than they thanked the king & the queen & went home again. ¶ And in the xuj year of king Rychardes regne certain lords of scotland came in to England for to get worship as by fayte of arms. And these were the persons/ the earl of Marre & he challenged the earl marshal of england to Just with him certain points on horseback with sharp spears/ & they road together as two worthy knights & lords certain courses/ but not the full challenge that the scottish earl made/ for he was cast down both horse & man/ & two of his rib broken with the fall/ & so he was borne thence out of smithfield home to his inn/ & within a little time after he was carried home in a horse litter/ & at pork he died. And sir William Darell knight & the kings banerer of Scotlond than made an other challenge with sir Piers curtayn knight & the kings banerer of England of certain courses yet on horseback in the same field/ & when he had ridden certain courses & assayed he might not have the better/ he gave it over & would no more of his challenge with sir Pyers courtayn knight & the kings banerer of England/ & turned his horse & road to his inn. And one Cokborne a squire of scotland challenged sir Nycholl Hawberke knight of certain courses yet with sharp spears/ & road .v. courses together/ & at every course the Scotte was cast down both horse & man. And thus our english lords thanked be god had the field. ¶ In the xvij year of king Rychardes regne died the good & gracious queen Anne that was wife to king Richard in the manoyre of Shene in the shire of Surrey on whitsunday And than was she brought to London & so to Westmynster/ & there was she buried and worthily entered beside saint Edward's shrine/ upon whose soul almighty god have pity & mercy  
Amen.   

¶ How king richard spoused dame Isabella the kings daughter of France in the town of calais/ & brought her in to england & let her be crowned queen in the abbey of saint Peter'S of Westmynster.  
IN the twenty year of king Rychardes regne he went over see to calais with dukes/ earls/ lords and barons/ & many other worthy squires with great array and common people of the realm in good array as longed to such a king & prince of his nobley and of his own person to do him reverence & observance as aught to be done to their lyege lord & so mighty a king & emperor in his own/ to abide & receive there that worthy & gracious lady that should be his wife a young creature of xix year of age dame Isabella the kings daughter of France/ & many other worthy lords of great name/ both barons & knights/ with much other people that came to the town of Gravening and two dukes of France/ that one was the duke of Burgoyn/ and that other the duke of Bar that would no ferther less than they had pledges for them. And than king richard delivered two pledges for them to go safe and come safe his two worthy uncles/ the duke of Glocestre & the duke of York/ & these two went over the water of graving & abode there as for pledges unto the time that the marriage & the feast was done & that these two dukes of France were comen again unto▪ Gravening water. And than these two worthy dukes came over the water at graving & so to calais with this worship full lady dame Isabella that was the kings daughter of France/ and with her came many a worthy lord & lady & knights & squires in the best array that might be And there they met with our meynr at calais which welcomed her & her meinie with great reverence/ & so brought her in to the town of calais/ & there she was received with all the solemnity & worship that might be done to such a lady. And than they brought her to the king/ & the king took her & welcomed her & all her fair company/ & made there a great solemnity And than the king & his counsel asked of the french lords whether all the covenants & forwards with the composition that were ordained & made on both parties should be truly kept & held bySpan● them And they said ye/ & there they swore & took their charge upon a book and made their oath well & truly it to hold i all manner points & covenances without contradictions or delay in any manner wise. And than was she brought to saint Nicolas church in calais/ & there was worthily wedded with the most solemnity that any king or queen might be/ with archbishops & bishops & all the ministers of holy church. And than they were brought to the castle & set to meet/ & were served with all delycasy of rial meats & drinks plenteously to all manner of strangers & all other & no creature warned the feast/ but all were welcome/ for there were great halls & tents set upon the green without the castle to receive all manner of people/ & every office ready to serve them all. And thus this worthy marriage was solemnly done & ended with all ryalte. Than these two dukes of France with their people took their leave of the king & of the queen & went again unto Gravening water. And there the french lords/ that is to say the two dukes & all their folk were comen over the water to graving/ and there they met/ & everichove took leave at other/ & so they departed/ & our lords came again to calais/ & the french lords went over the water/ & so home in to France again. And anon after the king made him ready with the queen and all his lords & ladies and all their people with them & came over the see in to England/ and so unto London. And the Mayor and the sheriffs with all the aldermen & worthy comyns road against them unto the black heath in Kent/ and there they met with the king and the queen/ & welcomed them & that in good array/ and every man in the clothing of his craft & their mynstrels before them And so they brought them to saint George's bar in Southwerke/ & there they took their leave. And the king and the queen road to Kenyngton/ and than the people of London turned home again/ & in turning again to London bridge there was so great press of people both on horse & on foot/ that there were deed on the bridge xi persons of men & women and children/ on whose souls god have mercy & pity Amen. And than afterward the queen was brought to the tour of London/ and there she was all night/ & on the morrow she was brought through the cite of London/ and so forth to Westmynster/ & there she was crowned queen of England/ & than she was brought again unto the kings palace and there was holden open court and a rial feast at her crownation of all manner people that thither came. And this was done the sunday next after the feast of saint Clement/ in the twenty year of king Rychardes regne. ¶ And than the xxv day of August next after by evil excitation & false counsel and great wrath & malice that the king had of old time to his uncle the good duke of Glocestre & to the earl of Arundel/ & to the earl of Warwick. Anon the king by his evil excitation & his evil counsel and malice late in the evening on the same day above said 〈…〉 〈…〉 edy with his strength and road in to 〈◊〉 to the town of Chelmel●ord/ and ●o came to plash suddenly there sir Thomas of Wodstok the good duke of Glocestre lay. And the good duke came anon to welcome the king. And the king arrested the good duke himself his own body/ & so he was lad down to the water/ & anon put in to a ship and had to calais/ & brought in to the captains ward to be kept in hold by the kings commandment. And that time the earl Martial was captain of calais. And anon after by commandment of the king & by his false counsel/ commanded that captain to put him to death. And anon certain yeomen that had the good duke in keeping took their counsel how that they should put him to death. And this was their appointment/ that they should come upon him when he were in his bed & a sleep on a feather bed/ & anon they bound him hand & foot and charged him for to lie still. And when that they had done thus/ they took two towells/ & made on them two riding knots/ & cast the towells about his neck/ & than they took the feather bed that lay under him & cast it upon him and than they drew their towells each ways/ & some lay upon the feather bed and upon him unto the time that he was deed/ because that he should make no noise And thus they strangled this worthy duke unto the death/ upon whose soul god for his high pity have mercy. Amen. ¶ And when the king had thus arrested this worthy duke & his uncle and sent him to calais he came again to London in all the haste with a wonders great number of people. And as soon as he was comen he sent for the earl of Arundel/ & for the good earl of warwick. And anon as they came he arrested them himself/ and sir john Cobham and sir john Cheyn knights he arrested them in that same manner till he made his parliament/ & anon they were put into hold/ but the earl of Arundel went at large unto the parley a meant time/ for he found sufficient surety to abide the law/ & to answer to all manner points that the king & his counsel would put upon him. ¶ And the xxi year of king Rychardes regne he ordained him a parliament at Westmynster which was called that great parliament. And this parliament was made for to judge these three worthy lords & other moo as them list at that tyme. And for that judgement the king let make in all the haste a long house & a large of timber the which was called an hall/ & covered with tiles over/ & it was open all about on both sides & at the ends/ that all manner of men might see throughout/ & there the doom was holden upon these foresaid lords & iudgemet given at this foresaid parliament. And for to come to this parliament the king sent his writeth to every lord/ baron/ knight & s●uyer in every shire throughout England/ that every lord should gather & bring his retinue with him in as short time & in the best array that they might ge●e/ in mayntey●yage & strengthing of the king against them that were his enemies/ & that this were done in all the haste & come to him 〈◊〉 pain of death. And the king himself sent into Cl 〈…〉 shire to che●taines of the 〈…〉 tree/ & they gathered & brought a great and an huge multitude of people both of knights & ●●uyers & principally of yeomen of Chestershyre/ which ye●ten & archers the king took to his own court and gave them bouge of court & good wages to be keepers of his own body both by night & by day above all other persons & most loved & best trust/ the which soon afterward turned the king to great loss & shame/ hindering & his utter undoing & destruction as ye shall here afterward. And that time came sir Henry of Derby with a great meinie of men of arms & archers. And the earl of Rutlonde came with a strong power of people both of men of arms & archers The earl of Kent brought a great power of men of arms & archers/ the earl Mar shall came in the same manner/ & the lord● Spenser in the same manner. The earl of Northumberlonde and sir Henry Pe 〈…〉 his son/ & sir Thomas Pet●y the earls brother/ all the worthy lords brought a fair meinie & a strong power/ and each man in his best array/ & the duke of Lancastre & the duke of york came in the same manner with men of arms & archers following the king/ & sir William S●rope treasurer of England came in the same manner. And thus in this array came all the worthy men of this land unto our king/ & all this people came to London in one day/ in so much that every 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lane in London & in the subbarbes were full of them lodged/ and ten or. x●●. mile about London every way. And this people brought the king to Westmynster 〈◊〉 went home again to their lodgyng●s both horse & man/ & than on the mondayn the xii day of September the pa 〈…〉 began at Westmynster which was call led that great parliament. And on that Friday next after the earl of A●●dell was brought in to the parliament among all the lords and that was on saint Mathewes day the apostle and evangelist/ there he was for judged unto the death in this hall that was made in the palace at Westmynster. And this was his judgement. He should go on foot with his hands bound behind him from the place that he was judged in/ & so forth through the cite of London unto the tour hill/ & his heed to be smitten of/ & so it was done in deed in the same place. And. vl. of the greatest lords that sat on his judgement road with him unto the place there he was done to death/ & so to see that the execution were done after the doom/ & by the kings commandment with them went on foot men of arms & archers a great multitude of Chestre shire men/ in strengthing of the lords that brought this earl to his death/ for they were in dread least the earl should be rescued & taken from them when they came in to London. Thus he passed forth through the Cite unto his death/ & there he took it full patiently/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. And than came the Austyn freres & took up the body & the heed of this good earl/ & bore it home to their place/ & buried him in their quere And on that morrow after was sir Richard earl of warwick brought in to the parlya meant there as the earl of Arundel was for judged/ & they gave the earl of warwick the same judgement that the foresaid earl had/ but the lords had compassion on him because he was of more greater age/ and released him to perpetual pry son/ & put him in the isle of Man. And than on the monday next after the lord Cobham of Kent and sir john Cheyn knight were brought also in to the parliament in to the same hall/ & there they were judged to be hanged and drawn/ but through the prayers and great instance of all the lords that judgement was forgiven them/ and released to per petual prison. ¶ And this same time was Richard Whyttyngdon Mayor of London/ and john Wodecocke & William Askam sheriffs of London. And they ordained at every gate of London during this same parliament strong watch of men of arms & archers/ and through out every ward also. And the king made .v. dukes & one Markeys & four earls/ & the first of them was the earl of Derby/ and he was made duke of Herford/ and the second was the earl of Rutlonde/ & he was made duke of Awemarle/ & the third was the earl of Kent and he was made duke of Surry/ & the fourth was the earl of Huntyngdon/ & he was made duke of Excestre/ & the fifth was the earl of Notyngham/ & he was made duke of Northfolk. And the earl of Somerset was made Markeys of Dor set/ & the lord Spenser was made earl of Glocestre/ & the lord nevil of Raby was made earl of Westmerlonde/ & sir Thomas Percy was made earl of Worcestre/ & sir William Scrope that was treasurer of England was made earl of wilshire/ & sir john Montagu earl of Salisbury. And when the king had thus done he held the parliament & rial feast unto all his lords & to all manner of people that thither would come. ¶ And this same year died sir john of Gaunt the kings uncle & duke of Lancastre in the bishops Inn in Holborn/ & was brought fro thence to saint Paul/ & there the king made & held his entremet well & worthily with all his lords in the church of saint Paul in London/ & there he was buried beside dame Blaunche his wife that was daughter & heir unto the good Henry that was duke of L 〈…〉 te. ¶ In the same year there fell a 〈…〉cyon between the duke of Herford & the duke of Norfolk in so moche that they waged battle & cast down their gloves/ & than they were taken up & ensealed/ & the battle joined & the day set/ & the place assigned where and when/ & this should be at coventry And thither came the king with all his lords at that day/ & was set in the field/ & than these two worthy lords came into the field well & clean armed & well arrayed with all their weepen & ready to do their battle/ & were ready in the place to fight at utterance. But the king had them cease & took the quarrel in to his hands. And forth with right there present exiled the duke of Herford for term of ten year/ & the duke of Norfolk for evermore. And sir Thomas Arundel archbishop of Caun terbury was exiled that same time for ever & deposed out of his see for malice of the king. And anon these three worthy lords were commanded & defended the kings realm. And anon they gate them ships at divers havens & went over the see in to divers lands each his way And the duke of Norfolk went to Venise & there he died/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. And than king Richard made a clerk of his sir Roger Walden arch bishop of Caunterbury. ¶ And in the xxij year of king Richard's regne by false counsel & imagination of covetous men that were about him were made & ordained blank charters/ and made them to be ensealed of all manner ry the men throughout the realm/ in so moche that they compelled divers people to set their seals thereto. And this was done for great covetise/ wherefore all good hearts of the realm were clean turned away fro the king for ever after. And that was utter destruction & end to him that was so high & so excellent a prince & king/ & through covetous & false counsel falsely betrayed. Alas for pity the such a king might not see. And than king Richard set his kingdom and his rial land of England to farm unto four persons which were these/ sir william Scrope earl of wilshire & treasurer of england & sir john bush/ & Henry Grene/ & sir john Bagot knights/ which turned them to mischief & death within a little time/ as ye shall find here afterward written. ¶ And than king Richard made great ordinance & went himself over see into ireland & many great lords with him with great hosts for to strength their king/ with men of arms & archers & moche great stuff & right good ordinance as longed unto war. And or he passed over the see he ordained & made 〈◊〉 Edmond of Langley his uncle the duke of York his lewtenaū● of England in his absence/ with the governance & coūsey●e of these four knights that had taken England to farm of the king. And than he passed the see & came in to ireland and there he was well & worthily received And these rebels that been called 〈◊〉 irishman came down to the king & yielded them to him both body & go●des all at his own will/ & swore unto 〈◊〉 to be his lyege men/ & there did to him homage & feaute & good service & thus he conquered the most part of Irlende in a little tyme. And while that king 〈◊〉 chard was thus in ireland sir Henry of bolingbroking earl of Derby that the king had made before duke of Herford y● 〈◊〉 che duke the king had exiled out of this land was comen again in to England for to challenge the dukedom of Lancast●● as for his right & true heritage. And he came down out of France unto ●alays And there met him sir Thomas Arundel that was archbishop of 〈◊〉 that was exiled out of england & wi●● him came the earl of Arundel his so●● & heir the which was in keeping of sir john shelley knight sometime wt●he earl of Huntyngdon & with the duke of Excestre the which was tho in the castle of 〈◊〉 gate in Sussex & there he stolen away & came to calais/ & there he was well & worthily kept till these other two lords were comen to calais. And than this worthy duke & the archbishop of Caunterbury Arundel shipped in the haven of Calais/ & drew their course northward & arrived in yorkshire at Ravensporne fast by Wydelyngton/ & there he came & entered first the land/ & two lords with him and their meinie. And than moche people of the realm that heard of his coming & knew where that he was/ anon they drew unto him & welcomed these lords/ & so couraged them in all manner thing/ and passed forth in to the land and gathered moche people to them. And when king Richard heard & wist that these two lords were comen again in to England and were landed. Than the king left his ordinance in ireland & came in to Englondward in all the haste that he might/ and came to the castle of ●lyut/ and there he abode for to take his counsel & what might be done/ but to him came none. And when sir Thomas Percy earl of Worcestre that was the kings steward wist and knew this/ anon he came in to the hall among all the people/ and he broke the yard of the rial kings household/ & anon every man was disperpied & went his way & forsook their master & sovereign lord/ and left him alone. And thus was king richard brought down & destroyed/ & stood himself alone without comfort or succour or any good counsel of any man/ alas for pite of this rial king. And anon came tidings that sir Henry of Boling broke was up with a strong power of people and that all the squires of England raised up the shires in strengthing of him against king Richard. And thus soon he was comen out of the North country to bristol/ & there he met with sir William Scrope earl of wilshire and treasurer of England/ & with sir john bush and sir Henry Grene/ and john Bagot/ but he escaped from them & went over the see in to ireland. And these three knights were taken and their herds smitten of. And thus they died for their false covetise. And than was king Richard taken and brought unto the duke And anon the duke put him in fast ward and strong hold unto his coming to London. And than was there a rumour in London & a strong noise that king Richard came to Westmynster/ and the people of London ran thither & would have done moche harm & hurt in their woodness/ had not the Mayre & aldermen and other worthy men cessed them with fair words/ and turned them home again to London. ¶ And there was sir john Slake dene of the kings chapel of Westmynster taken & brought to London/ & put in prison in Ludgate. And after that john Bagot was taken in ireland & brought to London/ & put in prison in Newgate/ there to be kept and abide his answer. ¶ And soon after the duke brought king richard privily to London/ & put him in the tour under sure keeping as a prisoner. And than came the lords of the realm with all their counsel unto the tour to king Richard & said to him of his misgovernance & extortion that he had done/ made & ordained to oppress all the common people/ & also to all the realm. Wherefore all the common people of the realm would have him deposed of his kingdom. And so he was deposed at that time in the tour of London by all his lords counsel & common assent of all the realm. And than he was put from the tour unto the castle of Ledes in Kent/ & there he was kept a while/ and than he was had from thence unto the castle of Pounfret in the North country to be kept in prison/ & right soon after there he made his end. And than when king Richard was deposed & had ●●sygued his crown & his kingdom & was kept fast in hold. Than all the lords of the realm with the romyns assent & by accord chose this worthy lord sir Henry of bolingbroking earl of Derby/ duke of Herford & duke of Lancastre by right line & heritage/ and for his rightful manhood that the people found in him before all other they chose him & made him king of England among them.  
INnocen●● the vij chosen pope at two year. And than Gr●gory the twelve was after him xij. year ●euet was debate. Than was Alexander chosen in the counsoyle of tysan & he was called sir & P●trus de Canadia & so was put & ryferd strife/ every cho●e of those three said he was pope: Than was there a counsel at ●ys●n where they began to make a concord/ and there they deposed the two/ & the third stood/ & so was worse division made than before For that they ordained prevailed not. ¶ Robert was emperor after Wenselans ix year. This man was duke of Bavary & earl of Palatyn/ a just man and a good/ & was crowned of Bonifate the. ix This man entered italy with a great host of almains against john the duke of Galias/ but he returned with a great wound/ & was a thing just that he suffered by justice divine. ¶ john the xxiij succeeded Alexander four year/ & first he began well for an unite/ & he was in the coūsey●e ●● Constance/ & offered him to resign the poperyche/ & after secretly & untruly he fled away/ but it ꝓfyted him not/ for he was taken & constrained to peas/ & was made a cardinal/ & buried at florence. ¶ Sigismundus was emperor after Robert xxvij year/ & he was son to Ka●olus & king of Vngary & most christian prince/ and he was so devout to god that he deserved to be canonized. This man holp the church through his marvelous prudence and wit/ for he spared no labour ne no thing that he had till he had made a full peace among the clergy. And he had. ●x. battles against the Turk/ & ever he had ye●●●●ry. And what more/ all thing that ever was written in ●ouynge to Constantyne/ Theodosio/ Kat●lo/●tto/ may truly be written of him. And he was crowned in Vngary/ and decessed a blessed man.   

¶ Circa annum dni. M. CCCC.  
¶ Of sir Henry of Boling broke earl of Derby that reigned after king richard/ which was the fourth Henry after the conquest.  
ANd after king Richard the second was deposed & out of his kingdom/ the lords & the comyns al●● one assent & all other worthy men of the realm chose sir Henry of Boling broke earl of Derby son & heir of john ●uke of Lancastre for his worthy manhood that often times had been found in him & in deeds proved/ upon saint Edward's day the confessor he was crowned king of england at Westmynster by assent of all the realm next after the depo●●nge of king Richard. Than he made Henry his eldest son prince of Wales & duke of cornwall & earl of Chestre. And he ma●● sir Thomas of Arundel archbishop of Caunterbury again as he was before. And sir Roger Walden the king Richard had made archbishop of Caunterbury he made bishop of London/ for ye●yme it stood void. And he made the earls son of Arundel that came with him over the see from calais in to England earl of Arundel as his father had been/ & put him in possession of all his lands. And he made homage & feaute unto his lyege lord the king as all other lords had done. And than anon died king Richard in the castle of Pounfret in the north country for there he was famished to death by his keeper/ for he was kept there four or .v. days from meet & drink/ & so he made his end in this world. Yet moche people in England and in other lands said that he was on live many a year after his death. But whether he were alive or deed the people held their false opinion & believe that many had/ & moche people came to great mischief & foul death as ye shall here afterward. And when king Henry wist & knew that he was deed/ he let ●ere him in the best manner/ & closed it in a fair chest with divers spyceryes and ba●o●es/ & closed him in a linen cloth all save his visage/ & that was left open that all men might see his person from all other men. And so he was brought to London with torch light brenning to saint Paul's church/ & there he had his mass & his Dirige with moche reverence & solempnite of service. And when all this was done/ he was brought from saint Paul's in to the abbey of Westmynster & there he had all his hole service again And from Westmynster he was brought to Langley/ and there he was buried/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. ¶ And in the first year of king Henry's regue he held his christmas in the castle of Wyndsore. And on twelve even came the duke of Awemarle unto the king & cold him that he & the duke of Surrey & the duke of Excestre/ & the earl of Salisbury/ & the earl of Glocestre/ & other moo of their affinity were accorded to make a mumling unto the king on twelve day at night/ & there they purposed to slay the king in the revelling. And thus the duke of Awemarle warned the king. And than the king came to London privily in all the haste that he might to get him help succour & comfort and counsel. And anon these other that would have put the king to death fled in all the haste that they might for they knew well that their counsel was bewrayed. And than fled the duke of Surrey & the earl of Salysbury with all their meinie unto the town of chichester And there the people of the town would have arrested them/ and they told not stand to their arresting/ but stood at defence & fought manly. But at the last they were overcomen & taken. And there they smote of the duke's heed of Surrey & the earls heed of Salysbury/ & many other moo/ & there they put their quarters in to sacks & their heeds on poles borne on high/ & so they were brought through the cite of London to London bridge/ & there these heeds were set upon high/ & their quarters were sent to other good towns and cities of England/ and set up there. ¶ At Oxford was taken Blount knight/ & Benet Cely knight/ and Thomas Wyntersell squire/ and there were beheaded & quartered/ and the knights hedes were set upon poles & brought to London & set upon the bridge/ & the quarters sent forth unto other good towns. ¶ And in the same year at Prittelwell in a mill in Essex there sir john Holland the duke of Excestre was taken with the comyns of the country/ and they brought him from the mill unto the plash/ & to the same place the king richard had arrested sir Thomas of Wodstok the duke of Glocestre/ and right there in the same place they smote of the dukes heed of Excestre/ and brought it to London upon a pole/ & it was set upon London bridge. ¶ And in the same year at Brystowe was taken the lord Spenser that king richard had made earl of Glocestre/ & the comyns of the town of Brystowe took him and brought him in to the market place of the town/ and there they smote of his heed/ & sent it to London/ & there it was set upon London bridge. ¶ And in this same year was sir Bernard Brokeys knight taken & arrested & put in the cou●e of London/ and sir john Shelley knight/ & sir john Mawdelyn and sir William Feribe persons of king Rychardes'/ & they were arrested & put in to the cou●e of London. And thither came the kings justices and sa●e upon them in the ●oure of London/ & there they were dampened all four to death/ & the doom was given to sir Bernard Brokeys that he should go on foot from the ●oure through the cite of London unto Tyburn/ & there to be hanged/ & after his heed smitten of/ & sir john Shelley knight/ & sir john Mawdelyn & sir William Feribe persons were drawn through out the cite of London to Tyburn/ & there they were hanged/ & their hedes smitten of and set on London bridge. ¶ And in this same year king Henry sent queen Isabella home again in to France/ that which was king Rychardes' wife/ & gave her gold & silver & many other jewels/ & so she was discharged of all her dowry & sent out of england. ¶ And in the second year of king Henry the fourth was sir Roger Claring ton knight & two of his men/ & the prior of land & eight freres minors & some masters of divinity & other for treason that they wrought against the king/ were drawn & hanged at Tyburn all xij. persons. ¶ And there began a great dissension & debate in the country of Wales between the lord Grey Richen & Owen of Glender squire of Wales/ & this Owen arreared a great number of welshmen/ & kept all that country about right strongly & did moche harm/ and destroyed the kings towns & lordships through out all Wales/ & rob & slew the kings people both english & walsshe/ & thus he endured a twelve year largely/ & he took the lord Grey Richen prisoner/ & kept him fast in hold till he was ransomed of prisoners of the march/ & kept him long time in hold. And at the last he made him to wed one of his daughters & kept him there still with his wife/ and soon after he died. And than king Henry knowing this mischief/ destruction & treason that this Owen had wrought anon he ordained a strong power of men of arms and archers and much other stuff that longed to war/ for to abate & destroy the malice of this falls Walssheman. And than the king came in to Wales with his power for to destroy this Owen & other rebels falls Walsshmen And anon they fled in to the mountains and there might the king do them no harm i no manner wise for the mo●●ayns And so the king came again in to England for losing of moo of his people/ & thus he sped not there. ¶ And in this same year was great scarcity of where in england/ for a quarter of where was at xuj. shillings. And there was merchandise of England sent in to Prure for where/ & anon they had laden and fraught ships enough/ & came home in safetes thanked be god of all his gifts. ¶ And in the third year of king Henry's regne there was a star seen in the firmament that showed himself through all the world for divers tokens that should befall soon after/ the which star was named by clergy Stella cometa. And on saint Mary Mawdeleyns' day next following in the same year was the barayle of Shrowesbury/ & thither came sir Henry Percy the earls son of Northumberlonde with a great multitude of men of arms & archers/ & gave a barayle to king Henry the fourth/ through the falls & wicked ●oūseyle of sir Thomas Percy his uncle earl of Worcestre/ & there was sir Henry Percy ●layne/ & the most part of his people in the field/ & sir Thomas Percy taken and kept fast in hold two days ●yll the king had set rest among his people on both sides. And than sir Thomas Percy was judged to be drawn & hanged & his heed smitten of for his false treason at Shrowesbury/ & his heed brought to London & set on the bridge. And the other people that there were slain on both parties the king let bury. And there was slain on the kings side in the battle the earl of Stafford & sir Walter Blount in the kings cote armure under the kings banner/ & many moo worthy men/ on whose souls god have mercy Amen. ¶ And in the fourth year of king Henry's regne came the emperor of constantinople with many great lords & knights & much other people of his country into England to king Henry with him to speak & to disport/ & to see the good governance & conditions of our people/ & to know the commo dities of England. And our king with all his lords goodly & worshipfully received & welcomed him & all his meinie that came with him/ & did him all the reuer●●e & worship that they could & might/ & anon the king commanded all manner officers that he should be served as rially as it longed to such a worthy lord & emperor upon his own cost/ as long as he & his men were in england. ¶ In this same year came dame jane the duchess of britain into England: and landed at Falmouth in cornwall/ and from thence she was brought to the cite of Wynchestre/ & there she was wedded unto king Henry the fourth/ in the abbey of saint Swythyus with all the solemnity that might be done & made. And soon after she was brought from thence to London. And the Mayor & the aldermen with the comyns of the cite of London road against her & welcomed her & brought her through the cite of London to Westmynster/ & there she was crowned queen of England/ & there the king made a rial & a solemn feast for her & for all manner men that thither would come. ¶ And in this same year dame Blaunche the eldest daughter of king Henry was sent over see with the earl of Somerset her uncle & with master Richard Clyfford than bishop of worcester/ & with many other worthy lords & ladies & worthy squires as longed to such a noble kings daughter & came unto Coleyn. And thither came the dukes son of Bar with a fair company & received this worthy lady/ & the bishop of Worcestre wedded & sacred them together/ as holy church it would. And there was made a rial feast & a great jousting in the reverence & worship of them & all people that came thither. And when this marriage and feast was done the earl & the bishop & all their meinie took their leave of the lord & lady & came home again in to England in safetes thanked be god. ¶ And in the .v. year of king Henry's regne the lord Thomas his son went ever see & the earl of Kent & many other lords & knights with men or arms and archers a great number to chastise the rebels that afore had done moche harm to our englishmen & merchants/ & to many towns & ports in England on the see costs. And the lord Thomas the kings son came into Flaundres before a town that is called Scluse among all the ships of divers nations that were there/ & after there they road with their ships among them/ and went on land & sported them there two days/ & came again to their ships & took the broad see/ & there they met with three Carackes' of Gene/ that were laden with divers merchandises & well manned/ & they fought together long time/ but the englishmen had the victory/ & brought the Carackes' into the Cambre before Wyn chelsee/ and there they ●anted all these goods/ and one of these Carackes' was suddenly brent there. And the lords and their people turned them home again & went no ferther at the tyme. ¶ And in the same time Serle yeoman of king Rychardes' robes came into England out of scotland/ & told to divers people that king Richard was onlyve in Scotland & so much people believed his words/ wherefore a great part of the people of the realm were in great error & grutchyng against the king through information of lies & falls losings that this Serle had made. For much people trusted & believed in his saying. But at the last he was taken in the Northcountry/ & there by law judged to be drawn through every cite & good burgh town in england/ & so he was served/ & at the last he was brought to London to the gyld hall before the justice & there he was judged for to be brought to the tour of London/ & there to be laid on a hurdle/ & than to be drawn through the cite of London to Tyburn/ & there to be hanged & than quartered/ and his heed smitten of & set on London bridge/ & his quarters to be sent to four good towns of Engloude & there set up/ & thus was he rewarded for his false treason. ¶ And in the sixth year of king Heuryes regne the earl of Marre of Scotland by safecon duyte came into england to challenge sir Edmond earl of Kent to certain courses of war on horseback. And so this challenge was accepted & granted/ & the place taken in smithfield at London. And this earl of Mart came proudly in to the field as his challenge asked. And anon came in the earl of Kent & road to the Scotte/ & manfully road together with sharp spears divers courses/ but the earl of Kent had the field/ and gate him moche worship and thank of all manner men for his manful deeds. ¶ And in the vij year of king Henry's regne sir Richard Scrop archebies shop of York & the earl Martial of England gathered unto them a strong power against king Henry. And the king hearing thereof in all the haste that he might came with his power Northward/ and met with them at York/ & there were these two lords taken & brought to the king. And anon the judges were set & these two lords brought forth/ & there they were judged to death/ & both their hedes smitten of/ and there they made their end/ on whose souls god for his pity have mercy Amen. And when this was done the king came to London again/ & there rested him. Anon god of his great goodness wrought and showed many great miracles for this worthy clerk archbishop of York that thus was done to death. ¶ And in the eight year of king Henry's regne dame Luce the duke's sister of Mylen came in to England & so to London/ & there was wedded to sir Edmond Holland earl of Kent in the priory of saint Mary overeys in South work with moche solemnity & great worship. The king was there himself & gave her at the church door/ & when they were wedded & mass was done/ the king his own person brought & led this worthy lady in to the bishops place of Winchestre/ & there was a wonders great feast holden to all manner people that would come. ¶ And the same year sir Robert Knolles knight a worthy warrior died at his manoyr in Norfolk/ & from th●ns he was brought to London on a horse bear with much torch light/ & so he was brought to the white freres in fleet street/ & there was done & made for him a solemn feast & a rial enter●ment for those that thither would come both rich & poor/ & there lieth buried by dame Constance his wife in the mids of the body of the church/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. ¶ And in this same year sir Thomas Rampston knight Constable of the tour of London was drowned at London bridge as he came fro Westmynster inwards to the tour in a ●arge & all through lewdness. ¶ And in the same year dame Philip the younger daughter of king Henry was lad over see with sir Richard the duke's brother of York/ & sir Comond Courtney bishop of Norwiche/ & many other lords/ knights & squires/ ladies & gentlewomen that appertained to such a kings daughter/ & came in to Denmark. And the king received this worthy lady for his wife/ & welcomed these worthy lords/ & did unto them moche worship/ and they were brought to a town that was called London in Denmark/ and there was this lady wedded and sacred to the king of Denmark/ Norway & Swethen/ and there was crowned queen of Denmark with moche solempnite/ & there was made a rial feest. And when this feast and marriage was done & ended/ these lords & ladies took their leave of the king & the queen & came again in to England in safetes thanked be god. ¶ And in the. viij year of king Henry's regne there was a man that was called the welsh clerk/ and he appealed a knight that was called sir percival Snowdon of treason/ & there they were joined to fight to the utterance within lists/ & the day & place & time assigned & limited to be done & ended in smithfield/ at which day those two persons came in to the field & fought sore & mightily together. But at the last the knight overcame the clerk/ & made him to yield him creaunt of his false empechement that he had said on him/ & than was he despoiled of his armure & drawn out of the field to Tyburn/ & there he was hanged/ & the knight taken to grace/ and was a good man. ¶ In this same year sir Henry earl of Northumberland & the lord Bardolf came out of scotland/ in prejudice & destruceyon of king Henry wherefore they of the Northcountry arose upon them & fought with them & discomfited them: & took them & smo●e of their hedes & quartered their bodies/ & sent the heed of the earl & a quarter of the lord Bardolf to London/ and there they were set upon Loudom bridge for false treason that they had purposed against the king. ¶ And in the ix year of king Henry's regne was sir Edmond Holland earl of Kent made Amyrall of England for to keep the see/ & he went to the see with many ryal ships that were full well arrayed & appareled and enarmed with many a good man of arms & archers/ and of good defence of war in the kings name of England and so he landed at the last in the cost of britain in the isle of Briak with all his folk/ & he besieged the castle & assaulted it/ & they withstood him with great defence & strength. And anon he laid his ordinance/ & in the laying of a gone there came a quarrel and smote the good earl Edmond in the heed/ & there caught he his death Wound/ but yet they left not till that they had gotten the castle & all that were therein/ & there this good lord died/ upon whose soul god have mercy amen. And than his meinie came home again in to England with the earls body and was buried among his ancestors' right worthily. ¶ And in the same year was a great frost in england that ●ured xv. weeks. ¶ And in the ten year of king henry's regne the fourth came the Se●esshall of Henaud with other meinie in to England to seek adventures & to get them worship in deeds of arms both on horseback & on foot at all manner points of war. And the seneshal challenged the earl of Somerset/ & the earl delyve red him full manfully of all his challenges and put his adversary to the worst in all points/ & won there great worship & the degree of the field. And on the next day after came in to the field an other man of arms of the Senesshals' party/ & against him came sir Richard of Arundel knight/ & the Henaud had the better of him on foot in one point/ for he brought him on his knee. And on the third day came in an other man of arms in to the field/ and against him there came sir john Corn wail a knight/ & manly & knightly he quit him in all manner points against his adversary/ & had the better in the field. And on the fourth day came an other man of arms of Henaud in to the field/ & against him came sir john Chains son/ & manly quit him against his adversary/ for he cast horse & man in to the field. And the king for his manhood at that time dubbed him knight. And on the fifth day there came an other man of arms of the henaud's party in to the field/ & to him came sir john steward knight/ & manfully he quit him there in all manner points/ & had the better. And on the sixth day after came an other Henaud/ & to him came William Porter squire/ & manfully he quit him/ & had the better in the field. And the king dubbed him knight the same tyme. And on the seventh day after came an other man of arms of Henaud in to the field/ & to him came john Standisshe squire and manfully he quit him on his adversary/ & had the better of him in the field/ and the king dubbed him knight the same day. And on the same day came an other man of arms of Henaud/ and to him came a squire of Gascoigne/ and proudly and manly he quit him on his adversary/ & had the better of him/ and anon the king dubbed him knight. And on the eight day came in to the field two men of arms of Henaud/ & to them came two soldiers of calais which were brethren that were called Burghes and well & manly quit them on their adversaries/ & had the better in the field. And thus ended the challenges with many great worships. And the king at the reverence of these worthy strafigers made a great feast/ and gave them many rich gifts. And than they took their leave and went home again in to their own country. ¶ And in the. x●. year of king Henry's regne the fourth there was a great battle done in smith field between two squires/ that one was called Glocestre that was appellaunt/ and Arthur was the defendant/ and well & manly they fought together long time And the king for their manfulness and of his grace took their quarrel in to his hands/ and made them to go out of the field at ones/ & so they were divided of their battle/ and the king gave them grace. ¶ And the twelve year of king Henry's regne the fourth ●ysdie a squire of Wales that was a rebel a ryser & supporter to Owen of Glendre/ which did much destruction to the people of Wales was taken & brought to London/ & there he came before the justyees/ and was dampened for his treason/ & than he was laid on an hurdle and so drawn to Tyburn through the cite/ & there he was hanged & let down again/ & his heed smitten of/ and the body quartered and sent to four towns/ & his heed set upon London bridge. ¶ And in the. xiij year of king Henry's regne though died sir john Beauford the earl of Somerset that was capitain of calais/ & was buried at the abbey of the tour hill on whose soul god have mercy Amen. ¶ And in the same year the lord Thomas king Henry's son wedded the countess of Somerset. ¶ And in this same year came the ambassadors of France in to England fro the duke of Burgoyn unto the prince of England king Henry's son & heir for to have help and succour of men of arms & archers against the duke of orleans. And than went over see the earl of Arundel/ sir Gylbert Vmfrevyll earl of Kent/ & the lord Cobham sir john Oldcastell/ & many other good knights & worthy squires & men of arms & good archers in to France/ & came to Paris to the duke of Burgoyn/ & there he received & welcomed these english lords & all the other meinie. And than it was done him to wite that the duke of orleans was comen to saint Clowe fast by Paris with a great number of men or arms & arbalastres/ & thither went our englishmen & fought with them/ & gate the bridge of saint Clowe/ & there they slew many frenchmen and arbalastres/ & the remnant fled & would no longer abide. And than our englishmen came again to Paris/ & there they took their leave of the duke & came safe again in to England/ and the duke gave them great gifts. And anon after the duke of orleans sent ambassadors in to England to king Henry the four beseching him of his help and succour against his deadly enemy the duke of Burgoyne. And than the king made Thomas his son duke of Clarence & his other son john duke of bedford/ & his other son umfrey duke of Glocestre/ and sir Thomas Beauford earl of Dorset/ and the duke of Awemarle he made duke of York. And than the king ordained his son sir Thomas duke of Clarence/ sir Thomas beauford earl of Dorset/ & sir john Cornwyll with many other lords knights and squires & men of arms & archers for to go over see in to France in helping and strengthing of the duke of orleans. And these worthy lords with their retinue shipped at Hamton & sailed over the see in to Normandy/ & landed at Hogs. And there met with them that lord Hambe at their landing with vij M. men of arms Frensshmen & three sergeants of arms with them/ & all were put to flight/ & of them were taken. seven. C. men of arms &. iiij. C. horses/ without those that were slain in the field. And so they road forth through out all France & took castles & towns & slew many frenchmen that withstood them/ and took many prisoners as they road/ and so they passed forth till they came to Bordeaux and there they rested them a while and set the country in peace/ & rested till the vintage were ready to sail. And than the duke with his meinie came home in to england in safetes thanked be god. ¶ And in the same year was the kings coin changed throughout England by the king & his counsel/ that is to say/ the noble/ half noble/ & farthing of gold. ¶ And in the xiiij year of king Henrpes regne the fourth/ he let make galays of war/ for he hoped to have passed the great see/ & so forth to jerusalem/ & there to have ended his life/ but god visited him soon after with infirmity & great sickness/ that he might not well endure no while/ so servantly he was taken and brought in bed at Westmynster in a fair chambre. And as he lay in his bed he asked his chamberlain what he called the chambre that he lay in. And he answered & said jerusalem. And than he said that the prophecy said that he should make an end & die in Jerusalem. And than he made him ready unto god and disposed all his will And soon after he died/ & was carried by water from Westmynster in a barge unto Feversham/ & from thence he was carried to Caunterbury by land with moche torch light brenning in to the abbey of Chrystchirche/ & there he was entered & buried beside saint Thomas of Caunterburyes' shrine. And thus ended the worthy king Henry about midlent sunday/ in the year of our lord a. M. CCCC. and xiij upon whose soul god have mercy. Amen.  
MArtyn the .v. was pope after john xiv. year. This man was chosen by the council of Constance/ & the other were deposed that strove/ & so came peace in the church the which long time afore was desired & necessary for the defence of the faith. This was the mightiest pope that ever was of riches/ & a great judge He edified towns/ walls/ streets/ & he destroyed heresies/ & he did much good through the noble prince Sygysmund. And he gathered moche money for to get the holy land again/ but death came upon him & letted him/ & he made a counsel afore his death for that matter/ & there he deceased. ¶ Eugenius was pope after Martin xvii year. This Eugeny was chosen peaceably after the death of Martin/ & no man doubted but he was pope But shortly after he was expulsed from Rome/ for it was so that he fled naked Also he was cited to the council of Basilieus & deposed/ but he charged him not And for that began the strife again/ the which stood to his death/ & those that favoured him said he was worthy moche loving/ & the contrary said those that were against him/ but what somever he was after he had taken the dignity upon him/ afore he was of great abstinence & of good fame/ & that he did after that I leave to the judgement of god.   

¶ Circa annum dni. M. CCCC xiij  
¶ Of king Henry the fifth that was king Henry's sone.  
ANd after the death of king Henry the fourth reigned king Henry his son that was borne at Monmouth in Wales/ that was a worthy king & a gracious man and a great conqueror. And in the first year of his regne for great love and goodness he sent to the f●●res of Langley there as his father had do bury king Richard the second/ and let take his body out of the earth again/ & did do bring it to Westmynster in a rial chare covered with black velvet and banners of divers arms about/ & all the horses drawing the chare were trapped in black and beaten with divers arms/ & many a torch brenning by all the way till he came to Westmynster/ & there he let make for him a rial and a solemn interment/ & buried him by queen Anne his wife/ as his own desire was/ on the ferther side of saint Edward's 〈…〉 yne in the abbey of saint Peter'S of Westmynster/ upon whose soul god have mercy. ¶ And in this same year were certain lollers taken & false heretics that had purposed through false treason for to have slain our king/ & for to have destroyed all the clergy of the realm/ & they might have had their false purpose. But our lord god would not suffer it/ for in haste our king had warning thereof & of all their false ordinance & working/ & came suddenly with his power to saint john's without sinythfelde/ & anon they took a certain of the lollers & false heretics/ & brought them to the kings presence and there they told all their false purpose & ordinance how they would have done & wrought/ if they might have reigned & had their will/ & there they told which were their captains & governors/ & than the king commanded them to the tour of London: & than took moo of them both win the cite & without/ & sent them to Newgate & to both Co●ters. And than they were brought in examination afore the clergy & the kings justyces/ & there they were convict for their false heresy/ & dampened before the Iustyee for their false treason/ & this was their iudgemet/ that they should be drawn from the tour of London to saint Giles field/ & there to be hanged & brent on the gallows. Also there was taken sir Roger Acton knight for heresy & eke for treason against the king & the realm/ & he came afore the clergy & was convict for his heresy to be brent/ & dampened before the justyces to be drawn from the tour of London through the cite to saint Giles field/ & to be hanged & brent. ¶ And in the second year of king Henry's regne he held a counsel of all the lords of the realm at Westmynster/ & there he put him this demand/ & prayed & besouhgt them of their goodness & of their good counsel & good will to show him as touching the title & the right that he had to Normandy Gascoyn & Guienne/ the which the king of France whelde wrongfully & unrightfully/ the which his ancestors' before him had by true title of conquest & right heritage/ the which Normandy/ Gascoyn & Guienne the good king Edward of Wyndsore & his ancestors' before him had holden all their life tyme. And his lords gave him counsel to send ambassadors to the king of France & his counsel that he should give up unto him his right heritage/ that is to say Normandy/ Gascoyn & Guienne/ the which his predecessors had holden afore him/ or else he would it win with strength of sword in short time with the help of almighty god. And than the dolphin of France answered to our ambassadors & saydi this manner/ that the king was over young & to tender of age to make any war as against him/ & was not like yet to be a good warrior to do & make such a conquest there upon him. And somewhat in scorn & despite he sent to him a ton full of propos balls because he should have somewhat to play withal for him & for his lords/ for that would become him better than to maintain any war. And than anon our lords that were ambassadors took their leave & came in to England again & told the king & his couseyle of the ungodly answer that they had of the Dolphin/ & of the present the which he had sent to our king. And when the king had heard their words & the answer of the dolphin he was wonders sore aggrieved & right evil apaid toward the frenchmen & toward the king & the dolphin/ and thought to avenge him on them as soon as god would send him grace & might And anon let make tennis balls for the dolphin in all y● haste that he might/ & they were great gonstones for the dolphin to play withal. And than anon the king sent for all the lords & held a great counsel at Westmynster/ & told to them the answer that they had of the Dolphin & of his worthy present that he sent to him & to his lords to play withal. And there the king & his lords were accorded that they should be ready in arms with their power in the best array that might be done and get all the men of arms & archers that might be gotten/ & all other stuff that longed to war/ & to be ready with all their retinue to meet at Southampton by Lammasse next following without any delay/ wherefore the king ordained his navy of ships with all manner stuff & victual that longed to such a warrior of all manner ordinance in the haven of Southampton to the number of. CCC. and twenty sails. And than fell there a great disease and a foul mischief. For there were three lords which that the king trusted much on/ & through false covetise they had purposed & imagined the kings death/ & thought to have slain him & all his brethren or he had taken the see/ which three lords were named thus/ sir richard earl of cambridge brother to the duke of york/ the second was the lord Scrope treasurer of england/ the third was sir Thomas Gray knight of the North country. And these three lords aforesaid for lucre of money had made a promise unto the frenchmen for to have slain king Henry the fifth and all his brethren by a false train suddenly or they had been ware. But almighty god of his great grace held his holy hand over them & saved them from these perilous meinie. And for to have done this they received of the frenchmen a millyon of gold/ & that was there openly proved And for their false treason they were all three judged to death/ & this was the judgement/ that they should be lad through Hampton/ & without northgate there to be heeded. And thus they ended their lives for their false covetise and treason. And anon as this was done the king & all his meinie made them ready & went to ship and sailed forth with xu hundred ships/ & arrived within Seyne at Kydecause upon our ladies even the assumption in Normandy with all his ordinance/ & so went forth to Harflet/ & he besieged the town all about by land & also by water/ & sent to the capitain of the town & charged him to deliver the town. And the capitain said that he delivered him none/ ne none he would him yield/ but bad him do his best. And than our king laid his ordinance unto the town/ that is to say/ guns/ engines & tripgettes/ and shot & cast at the walls & eke at the town/ & cast down both towers & town & laid them on the earth/ & there he played at the tennis with his hard gone stones. And they that were with in the town when they should play their song was well away & alas that ever any such tennis balls were made/ & cursed all though the war began/ & the time that ever they were borne. ¶ And on the morrow the king let cry at every gate of the town that every man should be ready on the morrow early to make assault to the town. And William Boucher & john Grant with twelve other worthy burgesses came to the king & besought him of his rial princehood & power to withdraw his malice & destruction that he did to them/ and besought him of eight days respite & truce if any rescue might come to them/ & else to yield up the town to him with all their goods. And than the king sent forth the capitain & kept the remnant still with him. And the lord Gaucorte that was capitain of the town went forth to Roen in all the haste unto the dolphin for help & succour/ but there was none ne no man of rescue/ for the dolphin would not abide. And thus this capitain came again unto the king & yielded up the town/ & delivered him the keys. And than he called his uncle the earl of Dorset & made him capitain of the town of Harflet/ & delivered him the keys & bade him go & put out all the frensshe people both men women & children/ & stuff his town of Harflet with english people. And than the king sent in to england & let cry in every good town of england/ that what crafty man would come thither & inhabit him there in the town he should have 〈…〉 s & household to him & to his heirs for ever more. And thither went many merchants & crafty men/ & inhabited them there to strength the town/ & were welcome. And when the king saw that this town was well stuffed both of victuals & of men/ this worthy prince took his leave & went toward calais by land/ & y● frenchmen heard of his coming/ they thought for to have stopped him his way that he should not pass that way/ in all y● haste that they might brake all the bridges where as any passage was for horse & man/ in so much that there might no man pass over the rivers neither on horse ne on fo●e/ but if he should have bendrowned. And therefore our king with all his people went & sought his way far up toward Paris/ & there was all the rial power of France assembled & ready to give him battle/ & for to destroy all his people. But almighty god was his guide & saved him & all his meinie/ & defended him of his enemies power & purpose thanked be god that saved so his own knight & king in his right full title. And than our king beholding & saying the great multitude & number of his enemies to withstand his way & give him battle. Than the king with a meek heart & a good spirit lift up his hands to almighty god/ & besought him of his help/ & the day to save his true servants. Than our king gathered all his lords & other people about & bade them all to be of good cheer/ for they should have a fair & a gracious victory & the better of all their enemies/ & prayed them to make them ready to the battle/ for he would rather die the day in the field/ than to be taken of his enemies/ for he would never put the realm of England to ransom for his person. And the duke of York fell on his knees & besought the king of a bone/ that he would grant him that day the vauntward in his battle/ & the king granted him his asking/ and said gramercy cousin of York/ & prayed him to make him ready. And than bad he every man to ordain him a stake of tree & sharp both ends that the stake might be pight in the earth a slope/ that their enemies should not over come them on horseback/ for that was their false purpose/ & arrayed them for to over ride our meinie suddenly at the first coming on of them at the first brunt. And all the night before the battle the frenchmen made many great fierce & moche revel with howting & shouting/ & played our king & his lords at the dice/ & an archer alway for a blank of their money/ for they wend all had been theirs. The morn ●●ose the day 'gan spring/ & the king by good advise let array his battle & his wings/ & charged every man to keep them hole together/ & prayed them all to be of good cheer. And when they were ready he asked what time of the day it was & they said prime. Than said our king now is good time/ for all england prayeth for us: & therefore be of good cheer & let us go to our journey. And than he said with an high voice/ in the name of almighty god & saint George avaunt banner/ & saint George this day thine help. And than the frenchmen came pricking down as they would have over ridden all our meinie/ but god and our archers made them right soon to stumble/ for our archers shot never arrow amiss/ but it perished & brought to the ground both horse & man/ for they shot that day for a wager. And our stakes made them top over turn each one over over/ that they lay on heaps two spears length of height. And our king with his meinie & with his men of arms & archers that thacked on them so thick with arrows & laid on with stakes And our king with his hands fought manly the day. And thus almighty god & saint George brought our enemies to ground/ & gave us that day the victory There were slain of frenchmen that day in the field of Agincourt m●● than xi M. Without prisoners that were taken/ & there were numbered that day of frenchmen in the field moo than six score. M. But god that day fought for us. And after came there tidings to our king that there was a new battle of frenchmen ordained ready for to steel on him & came towards him. And anon our king let cry that every man should slay his prysovers that he had taken/ & anon array the battle again ready to fight with the frenchmen. And when the frenchmen saw that our men killed down their prisoners/ than they withdrew them & broke their battle and all their array. And thus our king as a worthy conqueror had that day the victory in the ●elde of Agincourt in Pycardy. And than our king returned again where as the battle was/ for to ●e what people were slain of englishmen/ and if any were hurt that they might be helped And there were deed in the field the duke of Barry/ the duke of Alaunson/ the duke of Braband/ the earl of Naverne thief constable of France/ and eight other earls and the archbishop of Saunce/ and of good barons an. C. and more/ & of worthy knights of great alliance of cote armours xu hundred. And of englishmen were deed that day the good duke of York and the earl of Suffolk/ and of all other englishmen there were not deed passing xxvi bodies thanked be god. And this battle was on a friday/ which was saint Crispyne & Crispinians day in the month of October/ & anon the king commanded to bury them/ and the duke of York to be carried forth with him & the earl of Suffolk. And there were prisoners the duke of orleans/ the duke of Bourbon/ the earl of Vendome/ the earl of Ewe/ the earl of Richemond & sir But sigaunt marsha●●f France/ & many other worthy lords were taken there in this battle of Agincourt & were brought to the town of calais/ & so over the see with the king in to England & landed at Dover in Kent with all his prisoners in safete thanked be almighty god/ & so came to Cas●terbury & offered at saint Thomas shrine. And so forth he road through the ●o●●●re of Kent the next way to Eitham & th●re he rested till that he would come to London. And than the Mayor of London/ the aldermen & sheriffs with all the commoners & crafts came to the black ●eth well & worthily arrayed to welcome our king with divers melodyes'/ & ●hanked almighty god of his gracious victory that he showed for him. And so the king & his prisoners passed forth by them ty● he came to saint Thomas of watering/ & there met with him all religious men with procession & welcomed him. And so the king came riding with his prisoners through the rite of London/ where as was showed many a fair sight at all that condythes & at that cross in cheap as in heavenly array of angels/ archangels/ patriarchs/ prophets & virgins/ with divers melodies sensing & singing to welcome the king/ & all the cond●thes ●e●●ynge with wine/ & the king passed forth to saint Paul's/ & there met with him. 〈◊〉. bishops revested & mitred with sensers to welcome the king/ & there they song for his gracious victory ●e deū●audamus. And there the king offered/ & after took his horse & road to Westmynster/ & than the Mayor took his leave of the king & road home again. ¶ And in the third year of king Henry's regne the fifth came the emperor of almain king of Rome & of Hungry in to England/ & so to y●●●●e of London. And the Mayor & the aldermen with the sheriffs & worthy crafts of London by the kings commandment met with him on the black heath 〈◊〉 the best array that they could on horseback. And there they welcomed him & brought him to London with m●●he honour & great reverence. And at saint Thomas of w●terynge there met with him the king with all his lords in good array. And there was a worthy meeting between the emperor & king Henry the fifth/ & there they kithed together & embraced each other/ & than the king took the emperor by the hand & so they came riding through y●●●te of London unto saint Paul's/ & there they ●●yghted & offered/ & all the bishops stood re●ested with sensers in their hands sensing to them. And than they took their horses & road to Westmynster. And the king lodged the emperor in his own palace/ and there he rested him a great while/ & all at the kings cost. And soon after came the duke of Holland in to England to come & see the emperor & speak with him & with our king Henry of England/ & he was worthily received & lodged in the bishops Inn of Ely/ & all at the kings cost. And when the emperor had well rested him & seen the land in divers parties & knew the commodities/ than by process of time he took his leave of the king/ but or he went he was made a knight of the garter/ & received & wore the livery. And than he thanked the king & all his lords. And than the king & he went over the see to calais & abode there long time to have an answer of the french king/ & at the last it came and pleased him right nought. And so the emperor took his leave of the king & passed forth in god's name/ & our king came over again in to England in all y● haste that he might/ & that was on saint Luke's even that he came to Lambeth/ & on the monday next after he came in to the parliament at Westmynster. ¶ In the same year was a great dearth of corn in england/ but thanked be god it lasted not long.  
ANd in the fourth year of king Henry's regne the fifth he held his parliament at Westmynster in that be beginning of October/ & lasted to the purification of our lady than next after. And there was granted unto him to maintain his wars both of the spirytualte & of the temporalty an hole tax & 〈◊〉 dieme. And than anon the king prayed all his lords to make them ready for to strength him in his right. And anon he ●et make a new retinue/ & charged all 〈◊〉 men to be ready at Hamton in whit 〈…〉 week next after without any delay. And there the king made the duke of Bedford protector & defender of his realm of England in his absence/ & charged him to keep his laws and maintain both spiritual & temporal. And when the king had thus done & set all thing in his kind/ on saint Marks day he took his horse at Westmynster & came riding to Paul's/ & there he offered & took his leave/ & so road forth through y●●ite taking his leave of all manner of people/ as well of poor as of rich/ praying them all in general to pray for him. And so he road forth to saint George's/ & there offered & took his leave of the Mayor/ charging him to keep well his chambre. And so he road forth to Hamton/ & there abode till his retinue were ready & comen for there was all his navy & ships with his ordinance gathered together and well stuffed as longed to such a rial king with all manner of victuals for such a rial company as well for horse as for man as longed for such a warrior/ that is to say guns/ tripgites/ engines/ sows bastyles/ bridges of leather/ scaling ladder's/ malles/ spades/ shovels/ pikes/ paveys/ bows & arrows/ bowstringes & tons/ chests & pipes full of arrows as needed for such a worthy warrior that no thing was to seche when time came/ thither came to him ships laden with gonnes & gonpowdre. And when this was ready & his retinue came/ the king & all his lords with all his ryal host went to ship & took the see & sailed in to Normandy/ & landed at ●ouke vpo● Lammasse day than next after/ & there he made xlviij knights at his londing/ & than the king hearing of many enemies upon the see/ that is to say ix great Carakes'/ hulks galeys & ships that were coming to destroy his navy. And anon he commanded the earl of march to be che●e chefetayne/ & many other worthy lords 〈◊〉 to death for treason. And so he was 〈◊〉 to the Cour● again/ and there he 〈◊〉 laid upon an hurden and drawn through the Cite to saint ●yles field/ & there was made a new pair of ga●●●●s and a strong cheyne and a collar of iron for 〈◊〉/ & there he was hange● and bre●t o●● the galow 〈…〉 ●n● all for his 〈…〉 es and his false opinions.  
ANd in the vi ye●● of king Henry's rogne the fifth he sent his 〈…〉 Bea●ford du●● of ●x 〈◊〉 with a ●ayre company of men of ar●es & archers before the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉/ & there displayed his 〈◊〉/ and sent his h 〈…〉 des unto the tow●● & had them 〈◊〉 that cite unto our king their lyege lord. And they said he took them no●● for ●o 〈◊〉/ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he should have the●● but if it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bought and proved with their hands/ for other answer would they 〈◊〉 〈…〉. And there 〈◊〉 du 〈…〉 good 〈…〉 of the groside all 〈…〉 there 〈◊〉 out of 〈…〉 o● 〈◊〉 o● a●mes both on hor 〈…〉 & on 〈…〉 〈◊〉 out 〈…〉 with them and 〈…〉 & there 〈◊〉 taken and ●●y●●. 〈◊〉▪ ●●●sones o● 〈◊〉 good 〈…〉. ●nd 〈◊〉 to the town. And the king with his lords were lodged in the Charterhous/ and great strength about them/ & that was in the ●est part of y●●●te. And the duke of Clarence lodged him at the west end of the 〈◊〉 in a waste abbey before the port Caux. And the duke of Excestre with his meinie on the north side before the port Beawoysyn. And between the duke of Clarence and the duke of Excestre was the earl Marshal lodged with moche solke & a strong power before the castle gate. And than was the earl of Ormonde/ the lord Haryngton/ and also the lord 〈◊〉 with their retinue and company next to him. And than 〈◊〉 john Cor●e wail with many other noble knights and squires of name with all their retinue say with the noble duke of Clarē●●. And from the duke of Excestre towards the king were lodged the lord ●oos/ and the lord Wyllybe/ with the lord Phehew●/ and sir William Porter knight/ with all their retinue before the port of say●● Hyl●ry. And than was the earl of Mor●●●n with all his retinue l●dged in the abbey of saint ●ather●●s. And the ●rle of ●alys●●ry with his retinue lay on that other side of saint ●atherynes. And sir john Gray knight was lodged at the abbey that is called le mo●n● d● saint My●h●l. And sir Philip 〈◊〉 knight the kings treasurer was lodged between the water of ●eyn● and the abbey/ and kept the ward under the hill. And the baron of Carowe was lodged under the water side for to keep the passage. And Ien●●● the squire lay next him on the water side/ and these two squires kept ma●ly the water of ●●yne/ and often times fought with their enemies. And on that other side of ●●yne lay the ●rle of Huntyngdon/ 〈◊〉 master 〈◊〉 the earls ●●ne of West 〈…〉 erlonde/ & sir Gylbert 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Kent/ & sir Richard earl of Arundel/ & the lord Feryers with their retinue before the port du pount/ & each of these lords had strong ordinance/ and the king did make at Pount de larch over the water of Seyne a strong & a mighty chain of iron/ & put it through great piles fast pight in the ground/ & that went over the river of Seyne/ that no vessel might pass in no wise/ & about that chain the king let make a bridge over the water of Seyne/ that men and horse & all other catyage might go to & fro at all times when need were. And than came the earl of warwick & had gotten Dounfrout to king Henry of England And anon the king sent the earl of Warwick to Cawdebecke to besyeg●it. And when he came before the town he sent his herawdes to the capitain & had him yield up the town upon pain of death/ and anon he laid his siege. And the capitain besought the earl that he might come to his presence and it pleased him and speak with him. And so the good earl granted him for to come. And than he came out/ & four other burgesses came with him/ & entreated so with this earl that this same town was under composition/ to do as the e●te of Boen did. And the earl granted & consented thereto upon this condition/ that the kings navy of England with his ordinance might pass up by them in safety without any manner of let or dysturbaunce/ and to his composition they set to their seals/ and the ships passed up by them in safete and came before the cite of Boen unto an hundred ships/ & there they cast their anchors/ and than this cite was vesyeged both by land 〈◊〉 by water. And when all this was done and the ships comen up/ than came y● 〈◊〉 of warwick again to the king/ & 〈◊〉 him hygiene the abbey of saint Kathet y●s & the king/ till that the abbey entreated/ & so was the king. And than he 〈…〉 & lodged him before the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vylle/ & than was the earl of 〈…〉 ry rōma●ded by the king 〈…〉 ready to ride/ but there 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tidings & made him to abide/ & so he returned again & lodged him beside the earl of Huntyngdon till that the siege was ended▪ And than came the duke of Glocestre the kings brother from the siege of Shyr●ou●gh the which he had won & gotten and stuffed again to the kings beh 〈…〉 & profit unto y● 〈◊〉 of England. And when he was comen to the king before 〈◊〉▪ as one he lodged with great ordinance before the port saint Hylary/ 〈◊〉 the town and his enemies than our other lay● 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉. 〈…〉 es of length/ within 〈◊〉 of quarrel/ & with him lay y● 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 & the lord of 〈◊〉 with all their retinue & strange ordy 〈…〉/ & 〈◊〉 & proudly 〈…〉 their enemies/ ever 〈◊〉 they issued out of the ●ite. And than came the prior of Kylmayn of 〈◊〉 the see to the king with a fair ●●yny of men of arms after their own 〈◊〉 guise/ to y● number of▪ xv. C. 〈…〉/ & the king welcomed them & made them good cheer. ¶ And than 〈…〉 the king that 〈…〉 the dolphin 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 yn would come 〈…〉 with a strong 〈…〉cyons & 〈…〉 enter on y● 〈◊〉 side of y● 〈◊〉 because that there 〈◊〉 y● 〈…〉 & 〈◊〉 plain 〈◊〉 therefore the king assigned the prior of Kylmay● with his 〈◊〉/ & lodged him on the north side of the host for to stop their passage/ & was 〈◊〉 y● foreth of Lions/ & of this ordinance they were 〈…〉 go to the see y● 〈…〉 his ●●uy ne 〈◊〉 his land 〈◊〉 party for 〈…〉 his usage. 〈…〉 y● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his 〈…〉 to 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the see/ & 〈◊〉 the see co 〈…〉 that no mane● of enemy 〈◊〉 rout upon the see. And anon the king 〈◊〉 his 〈◊〉 to y● 〈◊〉 pytayn of 〈◊〉/ & charged him to deliver him his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his town/ or 〈◊〉 he would neither leave 〈◊〉 thylde alive. And anon y● capytay● 〈…〉 burgesses of the town brought y●●●ys unto the king & besought 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. And the king delivered the 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 john Kekeley & made him captain/ & 〈…〉 ded him to put out all the Fren 〈…〉 men both of the castle & of ●he town. 〈◊〉 there beside was the castle of Lo 〈◊〉/ & thyder the king sent y● 〈◊〉 ma● 〈◊〉 with a f●yre company & 〈◊〉 y● 〈◊〉/ & 〈◊〉 was 〈…〉 & brought 〈…〉 them to the king/ 〈◊〉 the king 〈…〉 again/ & 〈…〉 y● 〈◊〉 of Lovers & of all the long 〈…〉/ & 〈◊〉 ged him to 〈◊〉 all the F 〈…〉 men. And than the king held 〈◊〉 his way to Cane/ that was a strong down an● a ●●yre/ & 〈…〉 he sent his 〈◊〉 to the captain & 〈◊〉 ged him 〈…〉 y● 〈…〉 his 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 he would get th' 〈…〉 strength of hand. And they 〈…〉 〈…〉 him▪ 〈…〉 . counsel 〈◊〉 the to 〈◊〉 all about. And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 duke of 〈◊〉 was entered in to the town & slew down right 〈◊〉 he came to the king/ & spared neither man ne child/ & ever they cried a Clatente a Clatence and saint George. And there was d●●d on the walls on the kings side a worthy man that was called springs/ the which the king 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be butyed in the abbey of Cane fast William conqueror/ on whose soul god have mercy amen. And than the king came in to the town with his brother the duke of Clarete and many other worthy lords with moche solempuite & mirth. And than the king commanded the captain to deliver h● his castle. And he besought the king to give him xiiij days of 〈◊〉 spite if any restowe would come/ 〈◊〉 if none would come to deliver him the keys & the castle at his commandment. And under this compo 〈…〉 was the town & the castle of Baycus/ with other towns/ fortresses & villages unto the number of ●iiij. Upon y●●yll before the castle of Cane our king ●yght all his 〈◊〉/ y● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●owne as much as Cane. And 〈◊〉 that time came tidings that no rescue would come there. And so at the xiiij days end the captain of the castle came out & delivered the keys & the castle to our king, and Bayeus and the other xiiij towns were delivered to him also. And anon the king delivered the keys to the duke of Clarence/ & made him captain both of the town & also of the castle/ & made him captain of Baycus and of all the other towns also. And so he 〈◊〉 the town & the castle/ & there he held sayne ●●orges fest/ & there he made. x●. knights of the hath/ there was sir Louis Robersart/ Salin/ Chayny/ Mougome ●y/ 〈◊〉 many other worthy men. And the king commanded them for to put out all the frenchmen & women/ & no man so hardy to defoul ●ny woman/ no take no manner of good await fr● them/ but let them pass in peace on pain of death. And there passed out of the town in one day moo than xu C. women. And the king let stuff the town & castle with english men/ & ordained there two capitains/ one for the town/ & an other for the castle & charged them upon their lives for to keep well the town & the castle. And or that our king went thence he gate Faleys Newelyn/ & laid a siege to Shyr burgh/ & that siege laid the duke of Glow testre with a strong power & a mighty and by process of time gate it/ & made there a capitain of the same town. And this same time the earl of warwick laid a siege unto Dounfront & gate it/ & put therein a capitain. ¶ And for to speak more of the earl of March that the king ordained tho to scum the see & to keep the costs of England for all manner of enemies/ the wind arose upon them, that they wend all to have been lost/ but through the grace of god almighty and good governance they toad afore the 〈◊〉 of Wight all the storm. And there were lost two carackes & two balyngers with merchandise & other great goods & all the people that were within them. And an other carrack drove before Hamton/ and threw his mast over the walls of the town/ and this was on saint Barthylmewes' day. And when all this storm was ceased this worthy earl of March took his ships with his meinie/ & went to the see & landed in Normandy at Hogs/ & so road forth toward the king/ & ever as he came the frenchmen fled. And there came unto them an Anthony pig & followed the host all the way till they came to a great water/ & there they dread to have bendrowned/ for the water closed them so that they might no where get out. But at the last almighty god 〈◊〉 this pig brought them out all safe 〈◊〉 there they caught a guide that knew all the country about/ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 brought them through a 〈◊〉 sa●de/ and so in to an isle/ and there they 〈◊〉 many prisoners in their way toward the king in their journey/ and so they came unto Cane. And there the king welcomed him & took his journey to Argenten/ & than anon it was yoleden unto the king/ and they had their lives & went their way And than our king removed & went to a strong town that was called Cese/ & there was a fair minster/ & they yielded it anon unto the king. And than the king went from thence to Alaunson and wan the town & the bridge. And the king sent the earl of warwick to 〈◊〉 town that was called Belesme with a great and a strong power/ & anon they yielded it/ & put them all in to the kings good grace & mercy/ & so did many mo● strong towns & castles that were in those parties. And from thence they went 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Perch/ & anon it was yielded unto the 〈◊〉 both the town & the castle/ & bodies, & goods at the kings good grace. And so the king gate & conquered all the towns & castles/ piles strengths 〈◊〉 abbeys unto Pount de larch & from thence unto the cite of Boen. ¶ And in the fifth year of king Henry's regne the fifth/ sir john Oldeastel that was the lord Cobham was arrested for heresy/ & brought to the Coure of London/ & anon after he broke the Cou●e and went in to Wales/ & there kept him 〈…〉 ge tyme. And at y● 〈…〉 he lord Po 〈…〉 took him but he stood 〈…〉 great defence long time & was sore wo●ded or he would be taken & to the lord 〈◊〉 man brought him out of Wales to London 〈…〉 where 〈…〉 & so he was brought to Westmynster/ & there was examined of certain points that were ●ut on 〈◊〉/ & he said not nay/ and so he was convict of the clergy for his heresy/ 〈◊〉 〈…〉ned before the Justyfull glad/ & so they went forth in haste & kept the ground & the place that the king & his counsel had assigned/ & they quit them as good warryours to their king ¶ Now will I tell you which were the chief capitains & governors of the cite of Roen. Mon sir Guy butler was chief captain both of the cite & of the castle/ & Mon sir Termegan he was capitain of port de Caur. Mon sir de la Roche was capitain of the disners. Monsyr Anthony was lewtenaunt to Mon sir Guy Butler. Henry Chantfien was capitain of the port de la pount. john Mantrevas was capitain of the port de la castle. Monsyr de Preaux was capitain of the port of saint Hylary. The bastard of Tyne he was capitain of the port Martenuylle. And grand Jakes a worthy war● your he was capitain of all men of war/ and he was governor outward both on horseback and on foot of all men of arms when they issued out of the cite of all the ports he them arrayed as they should encounter with our meinie. And each of the captains lad .v. M. men of arms/ and some moo. And at the first coming of our king there were numbered by herawdes unto. CCC. M. of men and women and children/ what young & old. And among all these was many a manful man of his hands/ & so they proved them when they issued out of the cite both on horseback and on foot/ for they came never at one gate out alone/ but at three or four gates/ and at every gate two or three thousand of good men's bodies armed and manfully encountered with our englishmen/ & moche people slain divers times with guns/ quarrels & other ordinance. And this siege dured twenty weeks/ and ever they of the town trusted to have been rescued/ but there came none. So at the last they kept so long the town that there died many a thousand within the town for default of meet of men & women & children/ for they had eaten their horses/ dogs and cats that were in the town. And oftentimes the men of arms drove out the poor people at the gates of the town for spending of victuals/ & anon ou● Englishmen drove them in to the town again. So at the last the capitain of the town saw the mischief/ & that they were not rescued/ & also the scarcity of victual/ and that the people died for default of meet every day many thousands/ & also saw young children lie like as they had souked their moders paps and were deed. Than anon they sent to the king beseeching him of his grace & mercy/ and brought the keys of the town unto the king & delivered the town to him/ & all the soldiers voided the town with they horses & harness/ & the comyns of the town for to abide & dwell still in the town/ yearly to pay to him & to his successors for all manner customs & ●ee fermes & quater●mes. And than the king entered into the town/ & rested him in the castle till the town was set in rule & in governance.   

¶ How the king of England was made inheritor & regent of Fraunc●/ and how he wedded queen Katherine.  
ANd anon after that Roen was gotten/ Deep & many other towns in base Normandy gave them over without stroke or siege when they understood that the king had go●en Ro●n. Also this year had been a peace made & sworn between the duke of Burgoyn & the dolphin/ which were sworn on god's body that they should love & assist ●●he other against their enemies. And after this contrary to this oath/ the duke john of Burgoyne was slain and piteously murdered in the presence of the dolphin wherefore the frenchmen were greatly divided/ and of very necessity laboured to have a treaty with the king of England For the king of England wan daily of them towns/ castles and fortresses. ¶ Also this same year was queen jane arrested & brought in to the castle of Ledes in Kent. And one frere Randolf a doctor of divinity her confessor which afterward was slain by the person of the tour falling at words & debate. And after queen jane was delivered. ¶ And in the vij year both the king of France and of England were accorded/ & king Henry was made heir and regent of France/ & wedded dame Katheryn the kings daughter of France at Troy's in champain on Tr●●ite sunday. And this was made by the mean of Philip new made duke of Burgoyne/ which was sworn to king Henry for to avenge his faders death & was become english And than the king with his new wife went to Paris/ where he was rially received. And from thence he went with his lords & the duke of Burgoyn and many other lords of France & laid siege to divers towns of France that held of the Dolphins party & wan them. But the town of Melune held long time/ for therein were good defenders. ¶ In the viij. year the king & the queen came over see & landed on Candelmasse day in the morning at Dover. And the xiiij day of Feveryer the king came to London/ & the. xxj day of the same moaneth the queen came/ & the xxiiij day of the same she was crowned at Westmynster. ¶ Also the same year anon after easter the king held a parlya meant at Westmynster/ at which parlias meant it was ordained that the gold in english coin should be weighed/ & none received but by weight. ¶ And anon after ●hytsontyde the king sailed to Calais & passed so forth into France. And in March the xxij day before the king came over/ the duke of Clarence was slain in France/ & divers other lords taken prisoners/ as the earl of Huntingdon/ the earl of Somerset with divers other/ & all was because they would not take none others with them/ but thought to have overcomen the frenchmen themself without archers/ & yet when he was slain the archers came & rescued the body of the duke/ which they would have carried with them/ god have mercy on his soul/ he was a valiant man. And the same year between christmas & Candelmas the town of Melun was yoleden to the king ¶ In the ix year on saint Nicolas day in December was borne Henry the kings first begotten son at Wyndsore/ whose godfaders at the font stone was Henry bishop of Wynchestre/ & john duke of Bedford/ & the duchess of Holland was godmoder/ & Henry Chicheley archbishop of Caunterbury was godfader at confirmynge. ¶ And in the ten year the cite of Meaux in Brie was gotten/ which had long been besieged. And this same year the queen shipped at Hampton & sailed over to the king in France/ where she was worshipfully received of the king/ & also of the king of France her father/ & of her mother. And thus king Hery wan fast in France & held great estate/ & sat at dinner at a gretefeest i Paris crowned & the queen also/ which had not been seen before/ & all people resorted to his court but the king of France held none estate ne rule/ but was left almost alone. ¶ Also this year the weathercock was set upon Paul's steeple at London. And this year in the month of August the king waxed seek at Boys de Vincene/ & when he saw he should die he made his testament/ & ordained many noble things for his soul and devoutly received all cheryghtes of holy church/ in so farforth that when he was anointed he said the service with the priest/ & at the verse of the psalm of ●iserere mei deus. that was Benign fac dne in bona voluntate tua zion: ut edificentur muri hierusalem. he bad tarry there and said thus. O good lord/ thou knowest that mine intent hath been/ & yet is/ if I might live to reedifye the walls of jerusalem. And than the priest proce deed forth & made an end. And anon after this most noble prince & victorious king flower in his time of christian chyvalry/ whom all the world doubted/ gave his soul in to the hands of god & died & made an end of his natural life at the foresaid Boys de Vincenne beside Paris the xxxuj year of his age/ upon whose soul god have mercy. Amen.  
Than was the body enbalmed & cered & laid in a rial chare/ & an image like to him was laid upon the corpse open with divers banners/ & horses covered richly with the arms of england & France & also the old arms of saint Edward saint Edmond & other/ with great multitude of torches/ with whom went the king of Scotlond & many other lords which accompanied the body till it came unto Westmynster by London in England. And in every town by the way he had solemnly his Dirige on the even and mass on the morrow/ & moche alms was given to poor people by the way. And the vij day of November after the corpse was brought through London with great reverence and solempnite to Westmynster where as he now lieth/ it was worshipfully buried/ & after was laid on his tomb a ryal image like himself of syluet & guilt/ which was made at ye●ost of queen Katheryn. And thus ended and is entered & buried the noble king Henry the fifth/ on whose soul and all thrysten soul's god have mercy.  
Amen.   

¶ Of the law of king Henry the fifth and what he ordained for king Richard and for himself after his death.  
HEre is to be noted that this king Henry the fifth was a noble prince after he was king & crowned/ how be it before in his youth he had been wild reckless & spared nothing of his lust ne desires/ but accomply●●hed them after his liking. But as soon as he was crowned/ anointed and sacred/ anon suddenly he was changed in to a new man & set all his intent to live virtuously in maintaining of holy church/ destroying of heretics/ keeping justice & defending of his realm & subgeetes. And for as much as his father had deposed by his labour the good king Richard/ & piteously made him to die/ & for the offence done to him against his legiance he had sent to Rome to be assoiled thereof For which offence our holy father the pope enjoined him to make him to be prayed for perpetually/ & like as he had done to be taken from him his natural life/ therefore he should do found four tapers to bren perpetually about his body that for the extinction of his bodily life his soul may ever be remembered & live in heaven in spiritual life. And also the he should every week on the day as it came about of his death have a solemn mass of Requi● & on the even afore a Dirige with ix lessons/ & a dole to poor people always on the day of xj shillings & eight pens to be deled penny meal/ & ones in the year at his annyversary his entremet to be holden in the most honest wise/ & to be dealed the day twenty pound in pens to poor people & to every monk twenty shillings/ which all these things per●ournted this noble king for his father. For king Henry the fourth his father performed it not during his life/ whom as it was said god touched and was a leper or he died. ¶ And than this noble prince let do call all the abbots & priors of saint Benettes order in England/ & had them in the chapter house of Westmynster for the reformation of the order/ wherein he had communication/ & also with bishops & men of the spiritualty/ in so farforth that they doubted sore the he would have had the temporalties out of their hands/ wherefore by the advise/ labours & procuring of the spiritualty encouraged the king for to challenge Normandy & his right in France/ to the intent to set him a work there/ that he should not seek occasions to enter in to such matters. And all his life after he laboured in the werres in conque ring a great part of the realm of France that by the agreement of the king Charles he had all the governance and rule of the realm of France/ & he was proclaimed regent & heir of France. And so notwithstanding for all this great war that he had/ yet he remembered his soul/ and also that he was mortal and must die/ for which he ordained by his life time the place of his sepulture where he is buried/ and there is every day three masses perpetually sungen in a chapel over his sepulture/ of which the middle mass and the first & the last mass shall be as it is assigned by him/ as it appeareth by these verses following.  

Henrici miss quinti sunt hic tabulate.  
Que successive sunt ꝑ monachos celebrate.   

¶ Die dnica.  
Prima sit assumpte de festo virgins alme  
Poscit postremam xp̄s de morte resurgens.   

¶ Feria secunda.  
Prima salutate de festo virginis extat  
Nunciat angelicis laudem postrema choreis   

¶ Feria tertia.  
Esse deum natum/ de virgine prima fatetur.  
Commemorat natum/ sicvl●ia missa marian.   

¶ Feria quarta.  
Pria celebret/ ad honorem pneumatꝭ almi  
Vltima conceptan/ denunciat esse marian.   

¶ Feria quinta.  
Semper prima coli/ debet de corpore xpi.  
Vltima sit facta/ de virgine purificata.   

¶ Feria sexta.  
Concedet ut prima/ celebret de cruce sctae  
Atque salutate/ fiet postrema marry.   

¶ Sabbato.  
Oens ad sctons/ est prima colenda suꝑnos  
Vltima de requie/ ꝓ defunctis petit esse  
Semper erit media/ de proprtetate di●i.   
¶ And yet the noble king Henry the fifth founded two houses of religion/ that one is called Zion beside Braynford of the order of saint Brigitte both of men and women. And on the other side of the river of Tamyse a house of monks of Charterhous/ in which two places he is continually prayed for night and day/ for ever when they of Zion resteth they of the Charterhous do their service/ & in like wise when they of the Charterhous resteth the other goeth to/ and by ringing of the bells of either place each knoweth when they have ended their service/ which be nobly endowed/ & do daily there great alms deeds/ as in the Charterhous certain children be found to school: & at Zion certain alms given daily. And yet beside all this he founded a recluse which shall be always a priest to pray for him by the said Charterhous which priest is sufficiently endowed for him & a servant. Loo here may all princes take ensample by this noble prince that reigned so little time/ not fully ten year/ & did so many noble acts as well for his soul to be perpetually prayed for/ as in his worldly conquests/ & he being in his most lusti age despised & eschewed sin & was a great justicer/ in so much that all the princes of christendom dread him & also of 〈◊〉 & ●e 〈◊〉 in him ●●fe if god 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to have watered o● yn 〈◊〉 & 〈◊〉 to know the ay●● of other 〈◊〉 & all yn passages in the iourn 〈…〉 knight of 〈◊〉 named sir Hugh de L 〈…〉 unto jeru shall/ but or he ●etur 〈…〉 he died at Boy● de 〈◊〉 in the xxxuj year of his age on whose soul● Ie 〈…〉 have mercy. Amen.  
〈◊〉 the .v. was pope when Eugeny was deposed ix year. This Felix was 〈◊〉 of Savoy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 prince & an old man/ and he saw his child's child. This man when he lived an holy life was chosen pope of the council of basil/ & Eugeny was deposed/ & there was strife longetyme/ & he had no great obedience for the deposition of Eugeny. And at the last Eugeny decessed & than Felix resigned to Nycolas for favour of peace to be had/ & he was made legate of france & cardinal of Sabianus ¶ This was the xxiij 〈◊〉 between Eugeny & 〈◊〉/ & i● 〈◊〉. xv●. year/ & this was a new cause & 〈◊〉 seen before/ for the concyle of basil deposed Eugeny the very pope/ & the●e was no more for he obeyed not the de●rees of the council of Constantynople as they said/ ne he charged not to obey the council of basil/ but he said rather the contrary should be done than so as they d●●r●ed. Wherefore there arose a great altercation in the matter. For some said one way/ & some another/ & could not accord unto this day/ for that one party said the the council was above the pope/ & an other party said the contrary/ the the pope was above the council/ but they left it undetermyned/ & therefore god must dispose for the best. ¶ Albert was emperor after Sygysmonde one year. This Albert was duke of Austre & nephew to Sygysmonde/ & therefore he was king of ●●em and of Vngry for his daughter/ for other heir he left none. This man was emperor of Almaigne/ but anon he was poisoned & died/ and he was in all things a virtuous man/ that all men said he was a precedent to all kings. ¶ Fredericus the third was emperor after him. This frederik was duke of Osteryke/ & chosen Emperor of Almaigne/ but it was long or he was crowned of the pope for division. At the last there was made an unite/ & he was crowned with great honour of the pope in the cite/ & was a peaceable man & a quiet/ & of singular pit●/ & he hated not the clergy/ he wedded the kings daughter of Portyngale/ & in his time whiles that he reigned he made a great convocation of princes in Ra●sp●na/ for the incours of the Turks/ & showed unto them that now within this twenty year Christendom was made less. ij. C. mile & he warned them that they should be ready to resist him. And the imperial cite of constantinople was taken the same time of the mis●yleuynge Turks/ & betrayed by a Ianuens/ whom for his labour the Turk made a king as he promised b●/ & the fourth day he called him/ & did d● hang him for his deceit to his master. And there was great sorrow & weeping among the christian people for the loss of that noble cite/ for many a christian man was slain/ & innumerable were sold/ & the emperor was slain/ & for envy the Turk caused his heed to be smitten of when he was deed/ & almost all the faith in the land of greek failed. ¶ Nycolas the .v. a ja nuens was pope after Felix eight year. This Nycolas was chosen at Rome in the place of Eugeny: & yet the strife hinge still/ & a little & a little they obeyed him And all men marveled that a man of so poor a nation should obtain against the duke of Savoy the which was cousin & allied almost to all the princes of chry●●endome & everychdue left him. Than in the year after there was a peace made & Felix resigned/ for it pleased our lord his name to be glorified by an object of the world as was the januens' in comparison to the duke the pope. This Nycolas was a master in divinity and an active man/ & a rich man in conceits and many things that were fallen he builded again/ & all the walls of Rome he renewed for dread of the Turk. And there was a verse made of this unite/ & published in the cite. ●ux fud sit must dot cessit Felix Nicolao. And that in the year of our lord. M. CCCC xlix The year of grace with a great devotion was confirmed/ & innumerable people went to the apostles setes.   

¶ How king Henry the sixth reigned being a child not one year of age/ and of the battle of Vernoyle in perch.  
AFter king Henry the fifth reigned Henry his son but a child/ and not fully one year of age/ whose regne began the first day of September in the year of our lord. M. cccc xxij This king being in his cradle was much doubted & dread because of the great conquest of his father/ & also the wisdom & guiding of his uncles the duke of Bedford and the duke of Glocestre. ¶ This year the xxi day of October died Charles the king of France/ & lieth buried at saint Denys. And than was the duke of Bedford made regent of France. And the duke of Glocestre was made protector & defender of England. ¶ And the first day of March after was sir William Tayllour priest degraded of his priesthood/ & on the morrow after he was brent in smithfield for heresy. ¶ This year sir james Steward king of scots married dame jane the duchess dough te● of Clayence which 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by he● first husband the earl 〈…〉 a● saint Marry 〈…〉 year the xvij da●e 〈…〉 of ●●rnoyle 〈…〉 of Bedford regent of 〈◊〉 & the duke of ●Alaunson which was a great battle. The duke of 〈…〉 his▪ side the earl of 〈…〉 & the lord Talbot & all the power that they could suff〈…〉 kept. And also many 〈…〉 with moche people of th' 〈…〉 duke 〈…〉 yns And on th' 〈…〉 was the duke of Alaunson/ the duke of 〈…〉 the earl of Douglas 〈…〉 ha●/ with many lords of France/ & a great company of scots & armynackes. And than the earl Douglas called the duke of bedford in scorn john with the leaden sword. And he sent him word again that he should find the day that his sword was of style. And so y●●●yned on both sides & fought 〈…〉 me that no man wist who should have the better a great while/ but at the last as god would the victory fell unto the english party/ for there were slain the earl Douglas which a lyteil before was made duke of Turon/ the earl of Bou ghan/ the earl of Almarre/ the earl of Tounar the earl of Vauntedor/ & the vycounte of Nerbonne/ which was one of them that slew duke john of Burgoyn kneeling before the dolphin/ & many m●● unto the number of ten M. & moo. And there was taken prisoners the duke of Alaunson and many other lords & gentylle● of France/ but scots the day were slain down right the substance of them all. ¶ The third year of king Henry the sixth the duke, of Glocestre married the duchess of holland/ and went over see with her in to Henaud for to take possession of his wives inheritance/ where he was honour rably received and taken for lord of the land. But soon after he was fain to return home again in to England/ & left his wife & all his treasure that he had brought with him in a town that is called Mouns in Henaud/ which promised for to be true to him. notwithstanding they delivered the lady unto the duke of Burgoyn/ which sent her to Gaunt/ & from thence she escaped in a man's clothing & came in to zeland to a town of her own called Sirixze/ & from thence she went to a town in holland called the Gowe/ & there she was strong enough and withstood the foresaid duke of Burgoyne. ¶ And soon after the duke of Glocestre sent over see in to zeland the lord Fitz water with certain men of war and archers for to help & succour the foresaid duchess of Holland/ which landed at a place in zeland called Brewer's haven/ where the lords of the country came down & fought with him/ & in conclusion he was fain to withdraw him & his company to the see again. But yet he slew & hurt divers lords & moche people of the same country/ & so returned home again in to England with his company/ & prevailed no thing. ¶ And also this same year the earl of Salesbury/ the earl of Suffolk/ the lord Wyllybe/ & the lord Scales with their retinue laid siege to the city of Mauns/ the which city was yoleden to them with many other strong towns & castles to the number of xxxuj. ¶ This time all Normandy & a great part of France unto Drlyaunce was under the obeisance of the king of England/ & all the remnant of France was in great tribulation & mischief.   

¶ How there was like to have been a great fray between the cardinal and the duke of Glocestre. And of the coronation of king Henry the sixth both in England and in France.  
IN the fourth year the same night that the mayre of London john coventry had taken his charge/ was a great watch in London for a fray that was between the bishop of Wynchestre & the duke of Glocestre protector. etc. For the mayre with the people of the cite would abide by the duke of Glocestre as protector & defender of the realm. But by labour of lords that went between/ & in especial by the labour of the prince of Portyngale there was a poyntement taken that there was no harm done. ¶ And after the battle of Vernoyle in perch the duke of Bedford came over in to England. And on whitsunday this same year at leicester he dubbed king Henry knight. And forth with the said king Henry dubbed all these knights whose names followeth/ that is to wite/ sir richard duke of York/ also the son & heir of the duke of Norfolk/ the earl of Oxford/ the earl of westmerlonde/ the son & heir of the earl of Northumberlond/ the son & heir of the earl of Vrmond/ the lord Roos/ sir james butteler/ the lord Matrauas/ sir Henry grey of tankerville/ sir William Nevyl/ lord Fawconbrygge/ sir George Nevyl lord Latymer/ the lord wells the lord Berkle/ the son & heir of the lord Talbot/ sir Ralph grey of work/ sir Robert ●eer/ sir Richard grey/ sir Edmond Hunger ford/ sir Robert winkfeld/ sir john butler/ sir Raynold Cobham/ sir john pashley/ sir Thomas Tunstal/ sir john chi diok/ sir Ralph langford/ sir willian drury sir william ap Thomas/ sir richard Carbonell/ sir richard wydevyle/ sir john shridelow/ sir William cheyn/ sir William babyngton/ sir john tune/ sir Gylbert Beauchamp. ¶ Also in the .v. year the duke of Bedford with the duchess his wife went over see to calais/ & a little before went over Henry bishop of wynchestre. And on our lady day Annunciation in our lady church at calais the bishop of Wynchestre when that he had sungen mass was made Cardinal and he kneeling before the high altar the duke of Bedford set the hat upon his heed/ & there were his bulls red/ as well of his charge as of the rejoicing of his benefices spiritual & temporal. ¶ And this same year was great haboun dance of rain/ that the substance of hay & also of corn was destroyed/ for it rained almost every other day. ¶ And this same year the good earl of Salysbury sir Thomas Montague laid siege unto orleans/ at which siege he was slay ne with a gone that came out of the town/ on whose soul god have mercy/ for sith that he was slain english men never gate ne prevailed in France/ but ever after began to lose little & little/ till all was lost. ¶ Also this same year a Bryton murdered a good widow in her bed without Algate/ which widow found him for alms/ & he bore away all that she had. And after this he took the girth of holy church at saint George's in south work/ & there took the cross & forswore this land. And as he went it happened that he came by the place where he did this cursed deed in the subbarbes of London/ & the women of the same parish came out with staves and canell dung & slew & made an end of him there notwithstanding the constables & many other men being present for to keep him/ for there were many women and had no pity. ¶ Also this same year the duke of Norfolk with many gentlemen & yeomen took his barge the eight day of November at saint Mary averays for to have gone through London bridge/ & through mysguyding of the barge/ it overthrew on the piles/ and many men were drowned/ but the duke himself with two or three leapt upon the piles & so were saved with help of men that were above the bridge with casting down ropes/ by the which ropes they saved themself. ¶ This same year on saint Leonardes' day king Henry being vij year old was crowned at westminster/ at whose crownation were made xxxuj knights This year on saint George's day he passed over the see to calais toward France ¶ About this time & afore the realm being in great misery & tribulation/ the dolphin with his party began to make war & gate certain places/ & made distresses upon englyshmen by the mean of his captains/ that is to say/ lafoy Heer & Poton de seyntraylles/ & in especial a maid which they named lafoy pucelle de dieu. This maid road like a man/ and was a valiant capitain among them & took upon her many great enterprises in so moche that they had a believe for to have recovered all their losses by her. notwithstanding at the last after many great feats/ by the help & prowess of sir john Luxemburgh which was a noble captain of the duke of Burgoyns & many english men pycardes & burgonions which were of our party before the town of Compyne the xxiij day of may the foresaid pucelle was taken in the field armed like a man/ & many other captains with her/ & were all brought to Roen & there she was put i prison/ & there she was judged by the law to be brent. And than she said that she was with child/ where by she was despited a while. But in con clusyon it was found that she was not with child/ & than she was brent in Roen/ & the other captains were put to ransom & entreated as men of war been accustomed. ¶ And this same year about Candelmasse Richard hunger a will packer was dampened for an heretic & brent at tour hill. ¶ And about midlent sir Thomas Baggeley priest & vycarye of Maven in Essex beside walden was disgraded & dampened for an heretic & brent in smithfield. ¶ And also in the same year whiles the king was in France there were many heretics & loulars that had purposed to make a rising/ & cast bills in many places. But blessed be god the capitain of them was taken/ whose name was William Maundeuyll a weaver of Abyndon & bailiff of the same town which named himself jack Sharp of wigmoreslonde in wales. And afterward he was beheaded at the foresaid Abyndon in the whytsone week on the tewesday. ¶ This same year the uj day of December king Henry the uj was crowned king of France at Paris in the church of our lady with great solemnity/ there being present the cardinal of England/ the duke of Bedford/ & many other lords of France & of England. And after this crownation & great feast holden at Paris/ the king returned from thence to Roen/ & so toward calais/ & the ix day of February londed at Dover whom all the comyns of Kent met at beramdoun between Caunterbury & Dover all in reed hodes/ & so came forth till he came to the black heath/ where he was met with the Mayor john wells with all the crafts of London/ clothed all in white/ & so they brought him unto London the xxj day of the same month. ¶ And this same year was a restraint of the wols of calais made by the soldiers/ because they were not paid of their wages/ wherefore the duke of Bedford regent of France being than capitain came to calais the tuesday in the easter week. And on the morrow after many soldiers of the town were arrested & put in to ward. And in the same week he road to Terewyn/ and by the mean of the bishop of Terewyn he wedded the earls daughter of saint Poule/ & came again to calais. ¶ And the xj bay of june on saint Barnabees day there were four soldiers of calais that were chief causers of the restraint heeded/ that is to wite/ john Maddeley john Lunday/ Thomas Palmer/ and Thomas Talbot/ & an hundred and ten banished the town that same time/ and before were banished an hundred and twenty soldiers. And on midsummer even after came the lord regent and his wife to London.  
About this time pope Martin died/ & after him eugeny the fourth was pope. This man was prasybly chosen in Rome by the Cardynalles and was very & indubytate pope. But shortly after he was put & erpulsed out of Rome/ in such manner that he was fain to flee naked. In this same time was the council of Basylye/ to which council he was tho cited to come. And because he came not/ they deposed him But he wrought not ne set not thereby but gate the city of Rome & abode still pope xvij. year. ¶ This year about whycson tide the heretics of Praghe were destroyed. For at two jourueys were destroyed of them moo than xxij M. with their captains/ that is to wyce Procapius/ Saplico/ and Lupus presbyter Also there was taken on live master Peers clerk an englyshman & an heretic. ¶ Also this same year was a great frost & a strong during xj weeks for it began on saint Katheryns even and lasted unto saint Scolasticaes day in February. In which time the vintage that came fro Burdeur came on shooters hill. ¶ This year was the counsel of Arras/ and a great trayte between the king of England & the king of France where was assembled many great lords of both parties/ at which counsel was offered to the king of England great things/ by the mean of a legate that came fro Rome which was cardinal of saint cross/ which offers were refused by the cardinal of England & other lords that were there for the king Wherefore the duke of Burgoyne which long had been english sworn/ forsook our party and returned french by the mean of the foresaid legate/ & made a peace with the french king/ receiving of the king for recompensing of his faders death the count of po●tou/ the lordship of Macon/ with much other as is specified in the said treaty. And so our ambassadors came home again in worse case than they went out. For they lost there the duke of Burgoyn which had been with his burgonions & picardes a singular help in all the conquest of Normandy & of France. ¶ This same year was a great battle on the see between the Genoese & the king of Arragon/ of which battle that jenewes had the victory/ for they took the king of Arragon/ the king of Naverne/ & the great master of saint james in Galyse/ with. iij. C. knights & squires & much other people. And this was on saint Dominyks day. ¶ And this same year were seen three sons at one's/ & anon followed the threefold governance in the church/ that is to wite/ of Eugeny/ of the council/ and of neutralite. ¶ Also this same year M. CCCC xxxiiij was a passing great wind/ by which steeples/ houses/ and trees were overthrown. ¶ About this time was an holy maid in Holland called Lidwith/ which lived only by miracle/ not eting any meet. ¶ This year the duke of Burgoyn began his order at Lyle of the golden Flees/ & ordained certain knights of the same order/ & made statutes & ordinances much according unto the order of the garter. ¶ Also this same year the frenshmen had enterprised to have stolen calais in the fysshinge time/ for many botes of france had safe condytes to come to calais for to take hearing. And the soldiers of the town had a custom to come to the church & leave their staves standing at the church door which staves the frenshment that were arrayed like fishers had purposed to have taken/ and so for to have won the town/ but one of them lay with a common woman the night before/ & he told to her their counsel. And she on that morrow told it to the lewtenaunt/ which forth with commanded that every man should keep his weepen in his hand/ sakering time and other. And when the french men perceived this that they were myspoynted/ they sailed straight to Deep/ and stolen and took that town. ¶ And on Newyeres even after they took Harflet And thus the englyshmen began to lose a little and a little in Normandye.   

¶ How calais & Guynes were besieged by the duke of Burgoyn/ & how they were rescued by the duke of Glocestre.  
THis year through all England was a great noise how the duke of Burgoyne would come & besiege calais/ wherefore the earl of Mortayn with his army that he had for to have gone with in to france was contremaunded & charged that he should go to calais/ which was at that time well victualed & manned/ for sir john Ratclife was lewtenaunt of the king in the town/ & the baron of Dudley lewtenaunt of the castle. And the ix day of july the duke of Burgoyn with all the power of flanders & much other people came before calais/ and set his siege about the town/ & every town of flanders had their tents by themself. And this siege endured three weeks. In the mean while the duke of Glocestre being protector of england took the most part of the lords of england and went over the see to calais for to rescue the town/ or to fight with the duke & his host if they would abide. This time London & every good town in england sent over the see to this rescue certain people well arrayed of the best & chosen men for the war. And the second day of August the foresaid duke of Glocestre arrived at calais with all his army and .v. hundred ships & mo●. And the duke of Burgoyne & all his host that lay in the siege/ as soon as they espied the sails in the see/ before they approached calais haven/ suddenly in a morning departed from the siege/ leaving behind him moche stuff & victual/ and fled in to flanders & pycardy. And in like wise did the siege that lay before Guynes where as they of Guynes took the great gone of brass called Dygeon/ & many other great gonnes & serpentynes. And when the duke of Glocestre was arrived with all his host/ he went in to flanders/ and was there twelve days and did but little harm/ except that he brent two fair villages Poppering & Bell and other houses which were of no strength/ & so he returned home again ¶ And this same year the king of Scotland besieged Rokesburgh with moche people. But sir Ralph Gray departed from the castle and ordained for rescue. But as soon as the king of scotland understood of his departing/ suddenly he broke his siege & went his way/ and left moche ordinance behind him/ where he gate no worship. ¶ In this same year the second day of january queen Katherine which was the kings mother & wife to king Henry the fifth died & departed out of this world/ and was brought rially through London/ and so to westminster/ & there she lieth worshipfully buried in our ladies thapell. ¶ Also this year the fourth day of january fell down the gate with the tour on it on London bridge toward Southwark with two arches & all that stood thereon. ¶ This same year was a great treaty holden between graveling & calais between the king & the duke of Burgoyn/ where for the king was the Cardinal of England/ the duke of Norfolk/ & many other lords. And for the duke of Burgoyn was the duches●e having full power of her lord as regent & lady of his lands/ where was taken by the advise of both parties an abstinence of war for a certain time in the name of the duchess & not of the duke because he had gone from his oath & legeaunce that he had made to king Henry/ therefore the king never would write no appoint to have to do with him after but all in the duchess name. ¶ Also this same year queen jane died the second day of july/ which had been wise to king Henry the fourth/ & was carried fro Bermondsey to Caunterbury where she lieth buried by king Henry her husband. ¶ This same year died all the lions in the tour of London the which had not been seen many years before.   

¶ How Owen a squire of wales that had wedded queen Katherine was arrested & of the schism between Eugeny & Feli●.  
IN the xvi year of king Henry died Sygysmonde Emperor of almain & knight of the garter/ whose entremet the king kept at saint Paul's in London rially/ where was made a rial hearse/ and the king in his estate clad in blue was a● even at Dirige & on the morrow at mass. & ●. ¶ And after him was elect & chosen Albert duke of ostrich which had wedded Sygismondes' daughter for to be Emperor. This man was taken & received to be king of Beme and Hungary because of his wife that was Sygismondes' daughter/ which left none other heir after him. This Albert was emperor but one year/ for he was poisoned/ & so died Some say he died of a flux/ but he was a virtuous man & pitiful/ so moche that all the people that knew him said that the world was not worthy to have his presence. ¶ This year one Owen a squire of wales a man of low birth (which had many a day before secretly wedded queen Katheryn/ & had by her three sons & one daughter) was taken & commanded to Newgate to prison by the duke of Glocestre protector of the realm. And this year he broke the prison by the mean of a priest that was his chaplain/ & after was taken again by my lord Bemond & brought again to Newgate/ & afterward delivered at large/ & one of his sons afterward was made earl of Rychemond/ & an other earl of Penbroke/ & the third a monk of westminster/ which monk died soon after. ¶ This same year also on Newyeres day at Baynard's castle fell down a stake of wood suddenly at after none and slew three men mischievously/ & foul hurt other. ¶ Also at Bedford on a sherthursdaye were xviij. men murdered without stroke by falling down of a stair as they came out of the coming hall/ & many sore hurt. ¶ In the xviij year sir Richard Beauchamp the good earl of warwyke died at Roen he being the time lewtenaunt of the king in Normandy/ & from thence his body was brought to warwyke/ where worshipfully he lieth in a new chapel on the south side of the quere. ¶ Also this year was a great dearth of corn in all england/ for a bushel of where was worth xl pens in many places of england/ & yet had they not enough/ wherefore Steven Brown that time Mayre of London sent in to Pruce and brought to London certain ships laden with rye/ which did much good to the poor people/ for corn was so scarce in englonde that in some places of england poor people made them breed of fern roots. ¶ This year the general council of Basilie deposed eugeny/ & they chose Felix that was duke of Savoy/ & than began the schism which endured unto the year of our lord. M. cccc xlviij This Felix was a devout prince & saw his sons son/ & after lived an holy life/ and was chosen pope of the council of Basile/ & Eugeny deposed. And so the schism was long time/ & this Felix had but little obedience because of the neutralite/ for the most part & well nigh all christendom obeyed & reputed Eugeny for very pope: god knoweth who was very pope of them both/ for both occupied during Eugenyes life. ¶ This year sir Richard which vicar of Hermete sworth was degraded of his priesthood at Paul's & brent at tower hill as for an heretic/ on saint Botulphes day/ how well at his death he died a good christian man/ wherefore after his death moche people came to the place where he was brent & offered & made a heap of stones/ & set up a cross oftre & held him for a saint till the mayr & shreves by the kings commandment & bishops destroyed it/ & made there a dung hill. ¶ Also this year the shreves of London fet out of saint martyn's the grand .v. persones/ which afterward were restored again to the sentwary by the kings justyces. ¶ After Albert the third frederik was chosen emperor. This frederik duke of Osteryke was long emperor/ & differed to be crowned at Rome because of the schism/ but after the unite was had/ he was crowned with the imperial diadem with great glory & triumph of pope Nicolas the fourth. This was a peaceable man/ quiet & of singular patience/ not hating the church/ he wedded the king of Portyngales' daughter.   

¶ How the duchess of Glocestre was arrested for treason/ & committed to perpetual prison in the isle of Man/ & of the death of master Roger bolingbroking.  
IN this year Elenore Cobham duchess of Glocestre was arrested for certain points of treason laid against her/ where upon she was examined in saint Stephen's chapel at westminster before the archbishop of Caunterbury/ & there she was enjoined to open penance for to go through cheap bearing a taper in her hand/ & after to perpetual prison in the isle of Man/ under the keeping of sir Thomas stanley. Also that same time was arrested master Thomas Southwell a canon of westminster/ master john Hume a chaplain of the said lady/ master Roger bolingbroking a clerk using nigromancy/ & one Margery iourdemayn called the witch of Eye beside westminster. These were arrested as for being of counsel with the said duchess of Glocestre. And as for master Thomas southwell he died in the tour the night before he should have been rained on the morrow. For he himself said that he should die in his bed/ & not by iustyces. And in the twenty year master john Hume and master Roger Bolingbroke were brought to the gild hall in London & there before the Mayre the lords & the●e justyces of England were rained and dampened both to be drawn hanged & quartered/ but master john Hume had his chartre & was pardoned by the king/ but master Roger was drawn to Tyburn/ where he confessed that he died guiltless/ and never had trespassed in that he died for. notwithstanding he was hanged heeded and quartered/ on whose soul god have mercy. And Margery iourdemayn was brent in smithfield. ¶ Also this year was a great fray in London in Flete street by night time/ between men of court & men of London/ and divers men slain & some hurt/ & one Herbotell was chief causer of the misgovernance & fray. ¶ Also this year at choosing of the Mayre of London the comyns named Roberte Clopton & Raulyn holland tayllour. And the aldermen took Robert Clopton & brought him at the right hand of the Mayre as the custom is. And than certain tailors & other hand crafty men cried nay nay not this man but Raulyn Holland/ wherefore the Mayre that was Padysly sent them that so tried to Newgate/ where they abode a great while and were punished. ¶ In this same year were divers ambassadors sent in to Guyan for a marriage for the king for the earls daughter of Armyna● the which was concluded/ but by the means of the earl of Suffolk it was let & put apart. And after this the said earl of Suffolk went over see in to France & there he treated the marriage between the king of england & the kings daughter of Cecyle & of Iherusalem. And the near year that marriage was fully concluded by which marriage the king should deliver to her father the duchy of Ang●o & the earldom of Main which was the key of Normandy. Than departed the earl of Suffolk with his wife & divers lords and knights in the most rial estate that might be out of England with new shares & palfreys which went through Cheap/ and so went over the see/ and received her/ & sithen brought her in the lent after unto Hampton/ where she landed & there was rially received. ¶ And on Candelmasse even before by a great tempest of thunder & lightning at after none Paul's steeple was set on fire in the mids of the shaft in the timber/ which was quenched by force of labour & specially by the morowmasse priest of the Bow in cheap/ which was thought impossible/ save only the grace of god. ¶ This year was the earl of Stafford made & create duke of Buckyngham/ the earl of warwick duke of warwick/ the earl of dorset marks of dorset/ & the earl of Suffolk was made markys of Suffolk.   

¶ How king Henry wedded queen Margarete/ & of her crownation.  
THis year king Henry married at Southwick queen Margarete/ and she came to London the xviij day of may/ & by the way all the lords of England received her worshipfully in divers places/ & in especial the duke of Glocestre/ & on the black heath the mayre with the aldermen/ and all the crafts in blue gowns browdred with the devise of their craft/ that they might be known met with her with read hodes & brought her to London/ where were divers pagentes & countenances of divers histories/ showed in divers places of the city rially and costly. ¶ And the xxx day of may the foresaid queen was crowned at westminster. And there was Justes three days during within the sentwary before the abbey. ¶ This year the prior of Kylmayn appealed the earl of Vrmond of treason/ which had a day assigned to them for to fight in smithfield/ & the lists were made and the field dressed. But when it came to point/ the king commanded that they should not fight/ but took the quarrel in to his hand. And this was done at the instance & labour of certain prechours & doctors of London as master Gylbert worthyngton person of saint Andrew's in holborn and other. ¶ Also this year came a great 'em bassadour in to England out of France for to have concluded a perpetual peas but in conclusion it turned unto a truce of a year. ¶ About this time died saint Barnardyn a grey frere/ which began the new reformation of the order in many places/ in so much that they that were reform been called Obseruantes/ which Obseruamtes been greatly increased in italy & in Almaigne. This Bernardyn was canonized by pope Nicolas the .v. in the year of our lord. M. cccc l Iohes de Capistrano was his dyseyple/ which ꝓfyted moche to the reformation of the order/ for whom god hath showed many a fair miracle. ¶ Also here is to be noted that from this time forward king Henry never profited ne went forward but fortune began to turn from him on all sides/ as well in France/ Normandy/ Guienne/ as in england. Some men hold opinion that king Henry gave commission plenarly to sir Edward Hull/ sir Robert Roos dene of saint Severynes'/ & other/ to conclude a marriage for him with the earl of armagnacs sister/ which was promised as it was said & concluded/ but afterward it was broken & he wedded queen Margarete as afore is said/ which was a dear marriage for the realm of England. For it was known verily that for to have her was delivered the duchy of Angeo & the erledom of Main/ which was the key of Normandy for the frenchmen to enter. And about this the said marks of Suffolk asked in plain parliament a xu & an half to fetch her out of france. Loo what a marriage was this/ as to the comparison of the other marriage of Armynak For there should have been delivered so many castles & towns in Guyan/ & so much gold should have been given with her/ that all england should have been thereby enry 〈◊〉/ but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 fell/ wherefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 aught 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉/ 〈◊〉 for marriage of 〈◊〉 〈…〉 rets w 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hath 〈◊〉 england had/ by losing of Normandy & Guyan/ 〈…〉 〈…〉 nge of 〈◊〉 against their pry 〈…〉 〈◊〉 lords/ what 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lords/ what murder & slaying of them/ what fields 〈◊〉 & 〈…〉 many y● 〈◊〉 a man hath 〈◊〉 his 〈◊〉/ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 conclusion y● king de 〈◊〉/ & the queen wther son ●●yne to 〈◊〉 in to Scotland/ & from thence in to France/ & so to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that she came first fro. Many men dem● that the breaking of the kings promise to the sister of the earl of Armynak was cause of his great loss & adversity.   

¶ How the duke of Glocestre the kings uncle was arrested at the parliament of Bury/ & of his death/ and how Angeo and Maine was delivered.  
IN the xxv year of King Henry was a parliament a● Bury called saint Edmondes Bury/ about which was commanded all the comyns of the country to be there in their most best de 〈…〉 syble array for to wait upon the King. To which parliament came the duke of Glorestre umfrey the Kings uncle which had been pro●●etour of England all the nonage of the king. And a 〈…〉 〈◊〉ter as he was in his lod 〈…〉 was arrested by the vycounte be 〈…〉 of england/ who me act 〈◊〉 the duke of Buckyngham/ & m 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lords. And forthwith all his ser〈…〉es were commanded to depart from him/ &. xxxi●. of the chief of them were a 〈…〉 sent to divers pry 〈…〉/ & 〈◊〉 after this say● arrest the said duke was on y● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 on whose soul god haute mercy. But how he died & in what manner th' 〈…〉 taint is not known/ some said he died for sorrow/ some said he was murdered between two feather beds/ some said that a spit was put in his fundament/ but how he died god knoweth/ to whom no thing is hid. And thus deed he was laid open that all men might see him/ & so both lords & knights of the shire with burgesses came 〈◊〉 saw him lie deed/ but woundene token could they not perceive how he died. Here may m● mark what this world is. This duke was a noble man & a great clerk/ & ruled worshipfully the realm to the Kings behoof/ & never could be found fault in him/ but 〈…〉 vy of them that were governors & had ꝓmy said the duth y of Angeo & the 〈…〉 doom of Main causen the destruction of this noble man/ for they dread that he would have impeached the deliverance/ & after they sent his body to saint Albon's with certain lights to be buried/ & so sir Goe 〈…〉 ays of Clefton had than the charge to convey the corpse/ & so it was buried at saint Albon in the abbey. And five persons of his household were sent to London/ & there were they rained & judged to be drawn & hanged and also quartered. Of whom the names were/ sir Roger chamberlain a knight/ Mydelton a squire/ Herbard a squire/ Arthur a squire/ & richard Nedhan/ which .v. ꝓsones were drawn fro the tour of London through cheap to tyburne/ & there ●anged & let down quick/ & than striped to have b●heded & quarted/ & than the Markys of Suffolk she wed there for them the kings pardon under his great seal● so they were pardoned of the remnant of the execution/ & had their lives/ & so they were brought again to London/ and after freely deliver to. Thus began great trouble in this realm of England for the death of this noble duke of Glocestre/ and an the comyns of the realm began for to murmur for it/ and were not content. ¶ After the pope Eugeny was deed Nycolas the .v. was elect pope. This Nycolas was chosen for Eugeny yet hanging ye●eysme/ notwithstanding he gate the obedience of all christen realms/ for after he was elect and sacred pope/ certain lords of france & of england were scut in to Savoy to pope Felix/ for to entreat him to seize of the papery. And by the special labour of the bishop of Norwyche and the lord of saint john's he seized the second year after the pope Nycolas was sacred/ & the said Felix was made legate of france & cardinal of Savoy And he resigned the hole papacy to Nycolas/ & after lived an holy life & died an holy man/ & as it is said almighty god showeth miracles for him. This was the twenty-three. schism between Eugeny & Felix/ & dured xuj year. The cause was this/ the general council of basil deposed Eugeny which was only pope & indubytate/ for as moche as he observed not & kept the decrees & statutes of the council of Constance/ as it is said before/ neither he caught not to give obedience to the general council in no manner wise/ wherefore arose a great alteration among writers of this matter (pro et contra) which can not accord unto this day/ one party saith that the council is above the pope/ & y● other party saith nay/ but the pope is above the concyle. God blessed above all thing give & grant his peace in holy church spouse of Chryst. Amen. This Nicolas was of Iene comen of low degree/ a doctor of d 〈…〉 te/ a active man/ he reed●fyed many places that were broken & ruinous/ & did do make a wall about the palace/ & made the wall new about Rome for dread of the turks. And the people won 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 greatly marveled of the ceasing & 〈…〉 of pope Felix to pope Nycolas/ considering that 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 man of so 〈…〉 lie 〈…〉 was of 〈◊〉 to all t●● m 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 christian 〈◊〉/ wherefore there was a verse published/ as 〈◊〉 is said.   

¶ How sir F 〈…〉 is A 〈…〉 to 〈◊〉 Fogyers in Normandye. And of the loss of Constantynople by the Turk.  
IN the year of 〈◊〉 Henry. xxvi● being tree 〈…〉 France & England/ a knight of the english party named sir Franceys Aragonois took a town in Normandy 〈◊〉 Fogyers against the truce/ of which taking began moche sorrow & loss/ for this was the occasion by the which the frenshmen gate all Normandy. ¶ About this time the cite of constantinople/ which was the imperial cite of all grece was taken by the Turks infidels/ which was betrayed as some hold opinion/ & the emperor taken & slain/ and the rial church of saint Sophia rob & spoiled/ & the 〈…〉 s & images & the road drawn about the streets/ which was done in despite of the christian faith/ & soon after all christen faith in Grece perished & ceased. There were many christian men slain/ & innumerable sold & put in captivity. By the taking of this cite the Turk greatly was enhanced in pride/ & a great loss to all christendom. ¶ In the xxviij year was a parliament holden at Westmynster/ and from thence adjourned to the black freres 〈◊〉 London/ & after Christmas to Westmynster again. ¶ And this same year Ro●erte of Cane a man of the west country 〈◊〉 a few ships took a great fleet of ships comyng● out of ye●ay laden with 〈◊〉 which ships were out of prince/ 〈…〉 unders/ 〈◊〉/ 〈◊〉: & brought them to H●mpton/ wherefore the march aunts of england being in Flaundres were arrested in Bruges/ Ipre/ & other places & might not be delivered 〈◊〉 their debts disch ●uged till they had made appointment for to pay y● 〈◊〉 of those ships/ which was paid by the merchants of the staple every penny. And in like wise the marchuntes & goods being in Da 〈…〉 were also arrested/ and made great amends. ¶ This same year the frenchmen in a morning took by a train the town of Pount de larch/ & therein the lord Fauconbrydge was taken prisoner. And after y● in D 〈…〉 o Rom was taken & lost/ being therein sir Edmond duke of Somerset/ the earl of Shrewesbury/ which by a pointment left pledges/ & lost all Normandy & came home in to England. And during the said parliament the duke of Suffolk was arrested/ & sent in to the Coure/ & there he was a month/ & after the king did do fetch him out/ for which cause all the comyns were in a great rumour/ what for the deliverance of Angeo & Main/ & after losing of all Normandy/ & in especial for the death of the good duke of Glocestre/ in so much in some places men gathered & made them captains/ as Blewberde & other/ which were taken & put to death. And than the said parliament was adjourned to leicester. And thynder the king brought with him the duke of Suffolk. And when the comyns understood that he was out of the Coute & comen thither/ they desired for to have execution on them that were cause of the deliverance of Normandy/ & had been 〈◊〉 of the death of the duke of Glocestre/ & had sold Gascoyn & Guienne/ of which they named to be guilty the duke of Suffolk as chief/ the lord say/ the bishop of Salisbury/ 〈…〉 yell & many mo●. And for to appease the comyns the duke of Suffolk was exiled out of England for .v. year. And so during the parliament he went in to Norfolk/ & there took shipping for to go out of the realm of England in to France. And this year as he sailed on the see a ship of war called the Nycolas of the tour met with his ship & found him therein/ whom they took out & brought him in to their ship to the master & to the captain & there he was examined & at the last judged to death. And so they put him in a cabin & his chaplain with him f 〈…〉 to shrive him. And the done they brought him in to Dover road/ & set him in to the boat/ & there smote of his heed/ & brought the body on land upon the sands/ & set the heed thereby And this was done the first day of may Leo what availed him all his 〈…〉 raunte of Normandy etc. And here ye may here how he was rewarded for the death of the duke of Glocestre. Thus began sorrow upon sorrow/ & death for death.   

¶ How this year was the insurrection in Kent of the comyns/ of whom jarke Cade an irish man was capitain.  
THe year of our lord. M. cccc. & l was the great grace of the jubilee at Rome/ where was great pardon/ in so moche that from all places in christendom great multitude of people resorted thither. ¶ And this year was a great assemble & gathering together of the comyns of Kent in great number/ & made an insurrection/ & rebelled against the king and his laws/ and ordained them a capitain called johan Cade an irish man/ which named himself mortimer/ cousin to the duke of york. And this captain held these men together/ and made ordinances among them/ and brought them to the black h●th/ where he made a bill of p 〈…〉 yondto the king and his counsel/ & showed what 〈…〉 ties and oppressions the poor comyns suffered/ & all under colour for to come to his above/ & he had a great multitude of people. And the xvii day of june the king & many lords/ captains & men of war went toward him to the black heath. And when the capitain of kent understood the coming of the king with so great puyssance/ he withdrew him & his people to Sevenoke a little village. And the xxviij day of june he being withdrawn & gone/ the king came with his army set in order & embatayled to the black heath. And by advise of his counsel sent sir umfrey Stafford knight and William Stafford squire two valiant capitains/ with certain people for to fight with the capitain/ & to take him & bring him & his accessaries to the king/ which went to Sevenoke/ & there the captain with his fellowship met with them/ & fought against them/ and in conclusion slew them both/ & as many as abode & would not yield them were slain. During this scarmysshe fell a great variance among the lords men & common people being on black heth against their lords & captains saying plainly that they would go unto the captain of kent/ to assist & help him but if they might have execution on the traitors being about the king/ where to the king said nay. And they said plainly that the lord Say treasurer of England/ & the bishop of Salysbury/ the baron of Dubby/ the abbot of Glocestre/ Danyell/ and Trevilian & many ●to were traitors & worthy to be deed Wherefore to please the lords meinie & also some of the kings house the lord say was arrested & sent to the tour of London. And than the king hearing tidings of the death & overthrowing of the Staff 〈…〉/ he withdrew him to London/ & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to ●elyngworth/ for the king 〈…〉 lords burst not trust their own household men. ¶ Than after that the capitain had had this victory upon the Staffordes/ anon he took 〈…〉 salad and his brigandynes full of guilt nails/ 〈◊〉 also his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Arrayed him like a lord and capitain/ and resorted with all his 〈◊〉 and also moo than he had before to the black heath again. To whom came the archbishop of Caunterbury/ and the duke of Bokyugham to the black heath/ and spoke with him. And as it was said they found him witty in his talking and in his request. And so they departed. And the third day of july he came & entered into London with all his people/ and there did make cries in the kings name and in his name/ that no man should rob ne take no manner of goods but if he paid for it. And came riding through the cite in great pride and smote his sword upon London stone in Canmyk street. And he being in the rite sent to the tour for to have the lord say/ & so they fet him & brought him to the Gyldhall before the Mayor & the aldermen/ where that he was examined. And he said he would & ought to be judged by his peers. And the comyns of Kent took him by force fro the Mayor & officers that kept him/ & took him to a priest to shrive him/ & or he might be half shriven they brought him to the standard in Cheap: & there smote of his heed on whose soul god have mercy. Amen. And thus died the lord Say treasurer of england. After this they set his heed upon a spear/ & bore it all about the cite. And the same day about mile end 〈◊〉 mere was vyheded. And the day before at after none the capitain with a certain of his men went to Philip Malpas house/ & rob him/ & took away much good. And from thence he went to saint Margarete patyns to one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈…〉 which 〈…〉 of their 〈…〉 were 〈…〉 with 〈…〉 her 〈◊〉 〈…〉 man 〈…〉 wise. 〈…〉 London ●●myn 〈…〉 almyghty god 〈…〉 is to 〈◊〉 if he had not rob 〈◊〉 might 〈…〉 far or he 〈…〉 king & all the lords of the realm of England were ●●parted/ except the lord Seals that 〈◊〉 the ●oure of London. ¶ And the 〈…〉 of a 〈…〉 South work. And the 〈◊〉 after the May●● of London with the ●lderme● 〈◊〉 comyns of y● 〈◊〉 concluded to 〈…〉 the captain & his ●oost/ & sent to the lord Scales to the Coure/ & 〈…〉 a capitain of Nor 〈◊〉/ that they walled the night assail the captain 〈…〉 them of kent. And so they did/ & came to London bridge or the capitain had any knowledge thereof/ & there they fought with them that kept the bryoge. And the 〈…〉 men went to h 〈…〉 came to the bridge & shot and fought with them/ & gate the bridge/ & ●●de them of London to 〈◊〉/ & slew many of them/ & this 〈◊〉 all the night 〈◊〉 & fro 〈…〉 the clock on y● moro we 〈…〉 last they brent y●●awe bridge 〈◊〉 many of 〈◊〉 of London were 〈◊〉. In which 〈◊〉 Sutton an 〈◊〉 ●as slain/ Roger Neys●nt & 〈◊〉 ●ogh & many other. And after 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of England seen to the capitain a par●on general/ for him & for all his m●yuy. And than they departed from South 〈…〉 every man 〈◊〉 his own house. 〈…〉 they were all departed & gone/ there were proclamations made in ●ent/ Southsex and other places/ that what man could take the capitain quick or deed shield have a thousand mark. And after this/ one Alexander Iden a squire of kent took him in a garden in Southsex. And in the taking john Cade the captain was slain/ and after byh●ded/ & his heed set on London bridge. And than anon after the king came in to kent/ & did do sit his justyees at Caunterbury/ & inquired who were chief causers of this inhis 〈…〉. And there were. 〈◊〉. men judged to death in one day/ & in other places ●oo. And fro thence the king went in to Southsex & in to the west 〈◊〉/ where a little before was 〈◊〉 the bishop of Salysbury. And this same year were so many judged to death/ that. 〈◊〉 hedes stood upon London bridge at ones.   

¶ Of the field that the duke of york took at Brentheth in Kent. And of the birth of prince Edward. And of the 〈…〉 st battle at saint Alvons/ where 〈◊〉 duke of Somerset was slain.  
IN the xxx ●ere of the king the duke of york came out of the march of Wales with the earl of D 〈…〉 shire and the lord Cobham and a gr●te puissance for reformation of certain 〈◊〉 ties & wrongs/ & also to have Iustr●e upon certain lords being about the king/ and took a feide at Brentheth beside Dartforde in Kent/ which was a strong field/ for which cause the king with all the lords of y●●onde went unto the black heath with a great & a strong multitude of people armed & ordeyn●● for the war in the best wise. And when they had mustered on the beth/ certain lords were tho sent to him for 〈◊〉 & make appointment with him/ 〈◊〉 were the bishop of Ely/ the bishop of with 〈…〉 the earls of Salysbury & 〈◊〉. And they concluded that the duke of Somerset should be had to ward and to answer to such articles as the duke of york should put on him/ & than the duke of york should break his field & come to the king/ which was all promised by the king. And so the king commanded that the duke of Somerfet should be had into ward. And than the duke of york broke up his field and came to the king. And when he was come contrary to the promise afore made/ the duke of Somerset was present in the filled awaiting and chief about the king/ and made the duke of york tied before as a prisoner through London/ & after they would have put him in hold. But a noise arose that the 〈…〉 of March his son was coming with ten M. men toward London/ wherefore the king & his counsel feted. And than they concluded that the duke of york should depart at his own will. ¶ About this time began great division in Spruce between the great master & the knights of the Dutch order/ which were lords of the country/ for the comyns & towns rebelled against the lords/ & made so great war that at the last they called the king of Pole to be their lord/ the which king came & was worshipfully received/ and laid siege to the castle of Marienburgh/ which was the chief castle of strength of all the lord/ & wan it/ and drove out the master of Dansk/ & all other places of that land. And so they that had been lords many years lost all their signory & possessions in those lands. ¶ And in the year of the incarnation of our lord. M. 〈◊〉. ●iij. on saint Edward's day/ the queen Marg 〈…〉 was delivered of a fair 〈◊〉/ which was named Edward. ¶ That same day john Norman was 〈◊〉 to be Mayor of London. And the day that 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 which 〈…〉 that time they 〈…〉 ●er in 〈…〉. ¶ 〈…〉 understand 〈…〉 to the promise of the 〈◊〉/ & also the conclusions taken 〈◊〉 the king & the duke of york at B 〈…〉 th'/ the duke of Somerset went 〈…〉/ but abode about the king/ & had great rule/ & anon after he was made captain of calais and ruled the king & his ●●alme as he would/ wherefore the great lords of th' 〈…〉 alme/ & also the comyns were not 〈◊〉. For which cause the duke of 〈…〉 of Warwyk/ y● 〈◊〉 of Salysbury/ 〈◊〉 many knights & squires/ and much other people came to remove the said duke of Somerset & other fro the king. And 〈◊〉 king hearing of their coming/ thought by his counsel to have gone westward & not for to have met with them/ & had with him the duke of Somerset/ the duke of Bokyngham/ y● 〈◊〉 of Stafford/ y● 〈◊〉 of Northumberlonde/ the lord Clyfford/ & many other. ¶ And what time that the duke of york & his 〈◊〉 understood that the king was departed 〈◊〉 these lords from London/ anon he changed his way & costed the country/ 〈◊〉 came to saint Albon the. xxii●. 〈◊〉 of may/ & there met with the king/ to whom the king sent certain lords/ & desired 〈◊〉 to keep the peace & depart/ but 〈…〉 zion while they treated on y● one side the earl of Warwyk with the March 〈…〉 and other entered the town on that other side/ & sought against the king & his party/ & so began the battle & 〈◊〉 which enduted a great while. But in conclusion the duke of york o 〈…〉 and had the victory of that ●ourney. In 〈…〉 of Summer 〈…〉/y● lord 〈…〉/ & 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 estate 〈…〉/ which was 〈◊〉 in y● by● 〈…〉 London in which 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 of ●orke was made 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉/ and the 〈◊〉 of with 〈…〉 and the earl of Salysbury Chauncelet of England. And all such persons as had the rule before about the king were sit apart/ and might not rule as they did before. ¶ And this same year died pope Nycolas the fifth. And after him was Calixt the third. This 〈◊〉 was a Catalane/ and the art 〈◊〉 of him shall be showed here after. ¶ In this same 〈◊〉 fell 〈…〉 London against 〈…〉 because a yo 〈…〉 man took 〈…〉 from 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 was sent for to come before 〈◊〉 Mayre & the aldermen/ & there for the offence he was committed to ward. And th● the Mayor departed from the 〈◊〉 for to go home to his 〈…〉/ but in Cheap the young men of y● 〈…〉 for the 〈…〉 prentices 〈…〉 in Che●e 〈…〉 was 〈…〉/ & 〈…〉 〈…〉 from wherefore the Mayor and the aldermen come with the honest people of the Cite and drove them thence/ and 〈◊〉 some of them that had stolen to Newgate. And when the young man that was 〈…〉 by his ●elawes saw this great rumour/ of fray & robbery enswed of his fryst moving to the Lombarde/ departed and went to Westmynster to sent wary/ or 〈…〉 had cost him his life. For anont after came down an Oyer determined for to do justice on all them that so rebelled in the Cite against the lombards/ on which sat with the May●e that time william Marrow/ the duke of Bo 〈…〉 am & many other lords for to see exe 〈…〉 dont. But the comyns of the 〈…〉 lie made them ready and did arm them in their houses and were in purpose to have rungen the common bell/ which is called home bell/ but they were 〈…〉 sad men which came to the knowledge of the duke of Bokyngham & other lords/ and incontinent they arose for 〈◊〉 ●urst no longer abide/ for they 〈…〉 that the hole Cite would have risen against them. But yet nevertheless or three of the Cite were judged to doth for this robbery/ & were hanged at 〈◊〉 ¶ And anon after the king & the queen & other lords road to coventry & withdrew them from London for this cause And a little before the duke of york was sent for to 〈…〉/ & there was discharged of the prot 〈…〉 & the 〈…〉 of Salysbury of his C 〈…〉 & after this they were sent for by y● 〈◊〉 scale for to come to 〈◊〉/ where they were almost & the earl of war 〈…〉 also/ and should have been destroyed if they had not seen well to.   

¶ How the lord 〈◊〉 was taken by the 〈◊〉 of Sa 〈…〉/ and of the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉.  
THis year were taken four great fishes between Ereth & London that one was called Mors marine/ the second was a sword fish/ & the other twain were whales. ¶ In this same year for certain frays done in the north country between the lord Egremond & the earl of Salysburyes' sons/ the said lord Egremond whom they had taken was condemned in a great sum of money to the said earl of Salysbury/ & therefore he was committed in to prison in Newgate in London/ where when he had been a certain space he broke the prison/ & three prisoners with him/ & escaped & went his way. ¶ Also this year the earl of warwick & his wife went to calais with a fair fellowship & took possession of his office. ¶ About this time was a great reformation of many monasteries of religion in divers parties of the world/ which were reform after the first institution/ and continued in many places. ¶ This same year was a great battle in the marches between the land of Hungry and Turkey at a place called Septedrad/ where innumerable turks were slain more by miracle than by man's hand/ for only the hand of god smote them. Saint john of Capistrane was there present/ & provoked the christian people being than afeard for to pursue after the Turks/ where an infinite multitude were slain & destroyed. And the Turks said that a great number of armed men followed them/ that they were afeard to turn again/ & they were holy angels. ¶ This same year the prisoners of New gate in London broke their prison/ and went upon the ledes & fought against them of the cite/ & kept the gate a long while/ but at the last the cite gate the prison on them/ & than they were put in fetters & ●●ens/ & were sore punished in ensam 〈◊〉 of other. ¶ In this year also there was a great earthquake in N●ples/ in so much that there perished xi M. people that sank therein to the e●th. ¶ Also in the year xxxuj saint Osmond sometime bishop of Salisbury was ●anonysed at Rome by pope Calixt/ & the xuj day of july he was translated at Salysbury by the bishop of Caunterbury & many other bishops. ¶ And in August after sir P●ers de Bresay seneshal of Normandy with the captain of Dep● and many other captains & men of war went to the see with a great Navy/ and came in to the downs by night. And on the morrow ●ely before day they landed & came to Sandwiche/ both by land & water/ & took the town/ & ripped & despoy led it/ & ●oke many prisoners/ & left the town all bare/ which was a rich place & much good therein/ & lad with them many rich prisoners. ¶ In this same year in many places of France/ almain Fla●idres/ holland & 〈◊〉/ children gathered them together by great companies for to go on pilgrimage to saint Michael's mount in Normandy/ which came fro far countries/ whereof the people marveled. And many supposed that some wicked spirit moved them to do so/ but it dured not long because of the long way/ & also for lack of victual as they went. ¶ In this year Reynold Peacock bishop of Chestre was ●o●de an heretic/ & the third day of 〈◊〉 was 〈◊〉 at Lam●●th 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the archbishop of 〈◊〉/ and many other bishops/ doctors & lords 〈…〉 all/ & his ●okes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉. ¶ Ye have herd before 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ●or des were 〈◊〉 at saint 〈◊〉/ wh 〈…〉 fore was always a grutchy●ge & ●r●th had by the heirs of them that wh 〈…〉 slain against the duke of york/ the r●●e of warwick/ and the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉ry/ wherefore the king by the 〈◊〉 of his counsel sent for them to London to which place the duke of York came the xxuj day of january with four C. men/ & lodged him at Baynard's castle in his own place. And the xu day of january came the earl of Salisbury with v. C. men/ & was lodged in therber his own place. And than came the duke of Excestre & of Somerset with .viij. C. men/ & lay without temple bar. And the earl of Northumberlond/ the lord Egremond and the lord Clifford with xu C. men/ and lodged without the town. ¶ And the Mayor that time Geffray Boloyne/ kept great watch with the comyns of the cite/ & road about the cite by Holborn & Flete street with .v. M. men well arrayed & armed for to keep the peace. ¶ And the xiiij day of February the earl of Warwyk came to London from calais well beseen & worshipfully with. uj. C. men in reed jackettes broddred with a ragged staff behind & before/ and was lodged at the grey freres. ¶ And the xvij day of March the king & the queen came to London. And there was a concord & a peace made among these lords/ & they were set in peace. And on our ladies day in March in the year of our lord. M. cccc lviij the king & the queen & all these lords went on procession at Paul's in London/ and anon after the king & the lords departed. ¶ And in this year was a great fray in Flete street between men of court & men of the same street. In which fray the queens attorney was slain.   

¶ How the kings household made a fray against the earl of Warwyk/ and of the journey at Bloreheth.  
ALso this same year as the earl of Warwyck was at counsel at Westmynster/ all the kings household meinie gathered them together for to have slain the earl/ but by the help of god & his friends he recovered his barge/ and escaped their evil enterprise/ how well the cooks came running out with spyttes and pestles against him. And the same day he road toward Warwyk/ & soon after he gate him a commission & went over see to calais. ¶ Soon after this the earl of Salysbury coming to London was encountered at Blor●heth with the lord Awdley & much other people ordained for to destroy him. But he hauyn● knowledge that he should be met with 〈◊〉 was accompanied with his two sons sir Thomas & sir john nevil/ & a great 〈◊〉 ship of good men. And so they fought to guider/ where the earl of Salysbury wa● the field/ & the lord Awdley was 〈◊〉 & many gentlemen of Chessh 〈…〉 〈◊〉 & moche people hu●te. And the earls two sons were hurt/ & going homeward afterward they were taken & had to Changed 〈…〉 by the queens meinie. ¶ After 〈◊〉 Pius was pope/ & was chosen this year M. cccc. & lviij and he was called before Aeneas an eloquent man and a poet 〈◊〉 reate. He was ambassador of the empe rours afore tyme. And he wrote in the 〈◊〉 sail of basil a noble treaty for the 〈◊〉 rite of the same. Also he canonized 〈◊〉 Katherine of Senys. This pope ordained great indulgence & pardon to them the would go & war against the Turk 〈◊〉 & wrote an epistle to the great Turk 〈◊〉 horting him to become christian. And in the end he ordained a passage against the Turk at Ankone to which moche people drew out of all parties of christendom/ of which people he sent many home again/ because they sufficed not. And anon after he died at the said place of Ankone the year of our lord. M. cccc lxiiij the xiiij day of August.   

¶ How Andrew Trollop and the sow●youres of calais forsook the duke of York and their master the earl of Warwick in the west country.  
THe duke of York/ the earls of warwick & of Salysbury saw the governance of the realm stood most by the queen & her counsel/ & how the great princes of the land were not called to counsel but set apart/ & not only so/ but it was said through the realm that those said lords should be destroyed utterly/ as it openly was showed at Bloreheth by them that would have slain the earl of Salysbury. Than they for salvation of their lives/ & also for the common weal of the realm thought to remedy these things assembled them together with moche people & took a field in the west country/ to which the earl of Warwyk came fro calais with many of the old soldiers/ as Andrew Trollop & other/ in whose wisdom as for the war he much trusted. And when they were thus assembled & made their field/ the king sent out his commissions & privy seals unto all the lords of his realm/ to come & wait on him in their most best defensable array. And so every man came in such wise that the king was stronger & had more people than the duke of york & the earls of warwick & of Salysbury. For it is here to be noted that every lord in England durst not disobey the queen/ for she ruled peaceably all that was done about the king/ which was a good & a well disposed man. And than when the king was comen to the place where as they were/ the duke of york & his fellow ship made their field in the strongest wise & purposed verily to have byden & fought but in the night Andrew Trollop & all the old soldiers of calais with a great fellowship suddenly departed out of the dukes host/ & went straight to the kings field/ where they were joyously received for they knew the intent of the other lords & also the manner of their field. And than the duke of york with the other lords saying them deceived/ took a counsel shortly in the same night/ & departed from the field leaving behind them the most party of their people to keep the field till on the morrow. Than the duke of York with his second son departed through wales toward ireland/ leaving his eldest son that earl of March with the earls of warwick & of Salysbury/ which road together with three or four persons straight in to devonshire/ & there by help & aid of one Denham a squire gate for them a ship which cost xj score nobles/ & with the same ship sailed from thence in to Garnesey/ & there refreshed them/ & fro thence sailed to Calais/ where they were received in to the castle by that postern or they of the town wist of it. And the duke of York took shiping in Wales & sailed over in to ireland/ where he was well received.   

¶ How the earls of March/ Warwyk/ & Salysbury entered in to calais/ & how the earl of warwick went in to ireland.  
THan king Henry being with his host in the field not knowing of this sudden departing/ on the morrow found none in the field of the said lords/ sent out in all the haste men for to follow & pursue after to take them/ but they met not with them as god would. And than the king went to Ludlowe/ & despoiled the castle & the town/ & sent the duchess of york & her children to the duchess of Bokyngham her sister/ where as she was kept long time after. And forth with the king ordained the duke of Somerset to be captain of calais. And these other lords so departed as afore is said were proclaimed rebels & great traitors. Than the duke of Somerset took to him all the soldiers that departed from the field and made him ready in all the haste to go to calais & take possession of his office And when he came there he found the earl of warwick therein as capitain/ & the earls of March & of Salysbury also/ & than he landed by Scales & went to Guynes and there he was received. And it fortuned that some of the ships that came over with him came in to calais haven by their free will/ for the shipmen ought more favour to the earl of warwick than to the duke of Somerset/ in which ships were taken divers men/ as jenyn Finkhyl/ john fellow/ Kaylles & Purser which were beheaded soon after in calais. ¶ And after this came men daily over the see to these lords to calais/ & began to wax stronger & stronger/ and they borrowed much good of the staple. And on that other side the duke of Somerset being in Guynes gate people to him/ which came out & scarmysshed with them of calais/ & they of calais with them which endured many days. During this scarmysshing moche people came over daily unto these lords. Than on a time by the advise & counsel of the lords of calais sent over master Denham with a great fellowship to sandwich which took the town/ & therein the lord Rivers & the lord Scales his son/ & took many ships in the haven/ & brought them all to calais/ with which ships many mariners of their free will came to calais to serve the earl of Warwyk. And after this the earl of warwick by the advise of the lords took all his ships & manned them well & sailed himself in to ireland for to speak with the duke of York & to take his advise how they should enter in to England. And when he had been there & done his crandes/ he returned again toward calais/ & brought with him his mother the countess of Salisbury. And coming in the west country upon the see the duke of Excestre admiral of y●dumee being in the grace of dieu accompanied with many ships of war met with the earl of warwick & his fleet/ but they fought not/ for the substance of the people being with the duke of Excestre aught better will & favour to the earl of warwick than to him & they departed & came safe to calais. ¶ Than the kings counsel saying that these lords had gotten those ships fro Sand which & taken the lord Rivers & his son ordained a garnison at sandwich to keep the town/ & made one Mounford cap● tayn of the town/ & that no man ne v 〈…〉 merchant that should go to Flaundres 〈◊〉 go to Calais. Than they of Calais 〈◊〉 this/ made out master Denham & many other to go to sandwich & so the● did/ & assailed the town by water & by land/ & gate it/ & brought the captain over see & smote of his heed/ & yet daily men came over to them fro all parties.   

¶ How the earls of March of warwick and of Salisbury entered in to England And of the field of Northampton/ where divers lords were slain.  
ANd after this the foresaid earls of March/ warwick & Salisbury came over to Dover with moche people & there londed/ to whom all the country drew & came to London all armed & for to let the lords of the kings counsel know their truth & also their intent assembled them & told them that they intended no harm ●o the kings person save that they would put from him such persones as were about him. And so departed from London with a great puissance toward Northampton where the king was accompanied with many lords/ & had made a strong field without the town. And there both parties me● & was fought a great battle. In which battle were slain the duke of Bokyngham/ the earl of Shrewesbury the viscount Beamond/ the lord Egremond & many knights & squires & other also & the king himself was taken in the field/ & afterward brought to London. And anon after was a parliament at Westmynster/ during which parliament the duke of York came out of ireland with the earl of Rutlonde/ riding with a great fellowship in to the palace at westminster & took the kings palace And came in to the parliament chambre & there took the kings place/ & claimed the crown as his proper inheritance & right & cast forth in writing his title/ & also how he was rightful heir/ wherefore was moche to do/ but in conclusion it was appointed & concluded that king Henry should regne & be king during his natural life/ for as much as he had been king so long & was possessed/ & after his death the duke of York should be king/ & his heirs kings after him/ & forth with should be proclaimed heir apparent/ & should also be protector & regent of England during the kings life/ with many other things ordained in the same parliament/ & if king Henry during his life went from his appointment or any article concluded in the said parliament/ he should be deposed/ & the duke should take the crown & be king. All which things were enacted by the authority of the same/ at which parliament the common house comonyuge & treating upon the tytel of the said duke of York/ suddenly fell down the crown which hinge than in y● mid des of the said house/ which is the frayter of the abbey of Westmynster/ which was taken for a prodyge or token that the regne of king Henry was ended. And also the crown which stood on the highest tour of the steeple in the castle of Dover fell down this same year.   

¶ Now the duke of York was slain/ & of the field of wakefield/ & of the second journey at saint Albon by the queen & the prince.  
THan for as much as the queen with the prince her son was in the north & absent her fro the king/ & obeyed not such things as were concluded in the parliament/ it was ordained that the duke of York as protectout should go northward to bring in the queen/ & subdue such as would not obey/ with whom went the earl of Salysbury/ sir Thomas Nevyl his son/ with moche people. And at wakefeld in christmas week they were all overthrown & slain by lords of the queens party/ that is to wite/ the duke of York was slain/ the earl of Rutlond/ sir Thomas nevil & many moo/ & the earl of Salisbury was taken & other/ as john Harowe of London capitain & ruler of the footmen & Hanson of Hull/ Which were brought to Pounfret/ & there after biheded & their hedes sent to York & set upon the gates And thus was the noble prince the duke of York slain/ on whose soul god have mercy. And this time the earl of March being in shrowesbury hearing of the death of his father/ desired aid of the town to avenge his faders death/ & fro thence went to wales/ & at Candelmas after he had a battle at Mortymers cross against the earl of Penbroke & of wilshire/ where the earl of March had the victory. Than the queen with those lords of the north after that they had distressed & slain the duke of York & his fellowship came southward with a great multitude of people for to come to the king & undo such conclusions as had been taken before by the parliament. Against whose coming the duke of Nor folk/ the earl of warwick with moche people & ordinance went to saint Albon's/ & lad king Henry with them/ & there encountered together in such wise & fought/ so that the duke of Norfolk & the earl of warwick with many other of their party fled & lost the journey/ where the king Henry was taken by the queen & prince Edward his son/ which two had gotten that field. Than the queen & her party being at her above sent anon to London/ which was on asshewednesdaye the first day of lent for victual/ for which the Mayre ordained by the advise of the aldermen that certain carts laden with victual should be sent to saint Albon to them. And when the carts came to crepylgate/ the comyns of the cite that kept the gate took the bytayle fro the carts & would not suffer it to pass. Than were there certain aldermen & comyns appointed to go to Bernet to speak with the queens counsel/ for to entreat that the northern men should be sent home in to their country again/ for the cite of London dread fore to be despoiled if they had comen. ¶ And during this treaty tidings came that the earl of Warwyk had met with the earl of March on Cotteswolde coming out of Wales with a great meinie of welshmen/ & that they both were coming to London ware. Anon as these tidings were known the treaty was broke/ tor the king/ queen/ prince & all that other lords that were with them departed fro saint Albon's northward with all their people/ yet or they departed thence they dyheded the lord Bo●●yle & sir Thomas 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉 take in the journey done on 〈…〉. ¶ Than the dutch 〈…〉 of York being at London dere of the loss of the field of saint Albon's 〈…〉 which went to 〈…〉 ght. ¶ And philip malpas 〈…〉 che merchant of London/ Thomas Vaughan squire/ 〈…〉 many other 〈…〉 of the coming of the queen to London/ took a ship of Andwerpe to have gone in to ●●land/ 〈◊〉 on that other co●st were taken of one Colompne a Frenssheman a ship of war/ & he took them prisoners/ and brought them in to France/ where they paid great good for their ransom/ & there was much good and richesse in that ship.   

¶ Of the deposing of king Henry the sixth/ & how king Edward the fourth took possession/ & of the battle on Palm sunday/ and how he was crowned.  
THan when the earl of March & the earl of warwick had met together on Cotteswolde/ incontinent they concluded to go to London/ and sent word anon to the Mayre & to the cite that they would come. And anon the cite was glad of their coming/ hoping to be relieved by them/ & so they came to London. And when they were comen & had spoken with the lords & estates being there/ concluded for as much as king Henry was gone with them northward/ that he had forfeited his crown & aught to be deposed according unto the acts made & passed in the last parliament. And so by the advise of the lords spiritual & temporal than being at London/ the earl of March Edward by the grace of god elder son of richard duke of York/ as rightful heir and next inheritor to his father the fourth day of March/ the year of out lord god. M. CCCC lix took possession of the realm at Westmerlonde in the great hall/ & after in the church of the abbey & offered as king with the c●ptre royal. To whom all the lords spiritual & temporal did homage as to their sovereign lord & king. And forthwith it was ꝓclaymed through the cite king Edward the fourth of the name. And anon after the king road in his rial estate northward with all his lords to subdue his subjects the time being in the north/ & for to avenge his 〈◊〉 death. And on Palmesondaye after he had a great battle in the north country at a place called Cowton/ not far from York/ where with the help of god he gate the field & had the victory/ where were slain of his adversaries xxx M. men and moo/ as it was said by them that were there. In the which battle were slain the earl of Northumberlonde the lord Clifford/ sir john nevil the earl of Westmerlondes brother/ Andrew Trollop/ and many knights & squires ¶ Than king Henry that had been king being with the queen and the prince at York hearing the loss of that field/ and so much people slain & overthrown/ anon forth with departed all three with the duke of Somerset/ the lord Roos & other toward Scotland. And the next day after king Edward with all his army entered in to York/ and was there proclaimed king & obeyed as he ought to be. And the Mayre/ aldermen & comyns swore to be his iyege men. And when he had tarried a while in the north/ & that all the northcountree had turned to him he returned southward/ leaving behind him the earl of Warwyk in those parties to govern and rule that country. ¶ And about midsummer after the year of our lord. M. cccc lx and the first year of his regne he was crowned at Westmynster/ & anointed king of England having possession of all the realm.  
CAixtus the third was pope after Nycolas three year and .v. months. This Calixte was an old man when he was chosen pope/ & was continually seek/ ne he might not fulfil his desire which he intended to do against the Turks/ for death came upon him. He was chosen pope in the year of our lord 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉 lu And he died the sixth day of 〈◊〉 he had i●stytued the transfiguration of our lord god. He also c●nonysed saint Vincent a frere preacher. And there was a great reformation of many monasteries in divers parties of the world/ & these reformations were made many times/ but almost none abode/ but they returned again as they were afore by succession of time after the death of the worshipful faders. The feast of the transfiguration was ordained of Calixt for the gift of grace of the marvelous victory done against the Turk in Hungary on saint Sixtus day. M. cccc. l●ij. For there was a marvelous victo 〈…〉 given to christian men in Hungary against the great Turk/ & there he lost many a man & fled shamefully for dread of his enemies/ & no man followed by/ but alone the hand of god feared the Turk & his host on saint Calixtes day. Saint john de Capistrano was there seen present/ & he provoked the people that were afeard to follow the myshyleving Turks/ and there fell a great 〈◊〉 on them/ for the Turks said that there was so great a number of knights that followed them that 〈…〉 th' they durst look backward and therefore they fled & lest all their treasure behind them/ & they were holy angels that caused them to flee.  
¶ Nota. ¶ printers of books were this time mightily multiplied in Mag●●cie & through out the world/ & there began first, & held their 〈◊〉/ & this time many m●n begun to be more subtle incraftes & 〈…〉 o th● ever they were afore.  
〈◊〉 the second was pope after▪ 〈◊〉 lixt vi year. This 〈◊〉 ꝰ was chosen in the year of our lord▪ 〈◊〉. cccc. 〈◊〉▪ & he was called E●● as an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉▪ & a great orator/ a laurente port & afore he was the emperors ambassador/ & in the concyle of basil he wrote a noble treatise for the authority of the same. This man desired to have a passage to the Turk And moche people of divers countries came to Rome/ & he gave them his blessing & sent them home again/ for they were not sufficient for the Turks host/ and 〈◊〉 after he deceased.  
PAulus a venicyan was pope after Pius vij year This Paulus was chosen in the year of our lord jesus Chryst. M. cccc. and lxiiij And anon he allowed the feast of the presentation of our lady as Pius did. This man was a taught man in right wysnes/ and he said it was better to make few things & keep them steadfastly/ than for to make many & soon revoke them. And he made a great palace at saint Marks/ & he decessed or that he had ended it in the year of our lord jesus Chryst. M. cccc. & lxxi ¶ Leodin. the land of Luke was oppressed with many tribulations and after in the year of our lord jesus Chryst. M. cccc. & lxviij utterly it was destroyed by Charles the duke of Burgoyne/ the which wedded dame Margarete sister to king Edward the fourth of England. Also the same duke Charles entered in to the land of Geldre/ & conquered it all. ¶ The year of grace was also changed by pope Paul for favour of man's soul from xxv year unto xxv year. And because the cursedness abounded so sore/ grace abounded as sore.  
SIxtus the fourth a Genevoys & a ●rere mynour was pope after Paul. This man was general in the order of the fre●e minors or he was cardinal. And he was chosen in the year of our lord god. M. cccc lxxj and was called Franciscus de Sanona/ of good fame and virtuous. He was chosen cardinal without his knowledge till he was made. And the same year that he was chosen pope/ the Turk had taken from christian men two empires and four kingdoms twenty provinces/ and two hundred 〈◊〉 tees/ and had destroyed men & women without number. And that moved the pope that he should dispose him to go to withstand him. And for an army to be made against the Turk/ the pope gave great indulgences of pardon of the treasure of the church unto all christian realms/ that he might ordain some treasure to withstand that misbelieving Turk. And in the realm of England john abbot of Abyngdon was the pope's legate to dispose this godly treasure of the church unto every faithful man that was disposed/ and that would ab●● themself to receive it.  
¶ Thus endeth the chronicles of England with the fruit of times/ compiled in a book. And was first imprinted by one sometime school master of saint Albon's/ on whose soul god have mercy Amen. And now lately imprinted at London/ and diligently amended in divers places where as any fault was/ in Flete street/ at the sign of the Son/ by me Wynkyn de word/ in the year of our lord god. M. CCCCC xxviij the ix. day of Apryll.     


Wynkyn word:   printer's or publisher's device   

The description of England.  
¶ Here followeth a little treatise the which treateth of the description of this land/ which of old time was called Albyon/ and after britain/ and now England/ and speaketh of the noblesse and worthiness of the same.   

¶ It is so that in many & divers places the common chronicles of England been had & also now late imprinted in Flete street at the sign of the Son. And for as much as the description of this land which of old time was named Albion and after britain/ is not described ne comynly had/ ne the nobleness & worthiness of the same is not known. Therefore I intend to set in this book the description of this said isle of britain/ & with the commodities of the same.  

¶ In the first shall be told the names of the island. Caplo i  
¶ Of the setting/ bounding/ length and breed of England. Ca. two  
¶ Of the worthiness and prerogations. Capitulo three  
¶ Of the marvels and of the wonders. Ca. four  
¶ Of the chief parties of the same land. Ca. v.  
¶ Of the islands that been thereto adjacent. Ca. uj  
¶ Of the kings high ways and streets. Ca. vij  
¶ Of the famous rivers and streams. Capitulo. Ca. eight  
¶ Of ancient cities & towns. Ca. ix  
¶ Of provinces and shires. Ca. ten  
¶ Of the laws & names of the laws. Capitulo xj  
¶ Of kingdoms & of bounds & marks between them. Ca. twelve  
¶ Of bishoprics & their sees. ca xiij  
¶ Of how many manner of people have dwelled therein. Ca. xiiij  
¶ Of the language/ of manners & usage of the people of this land. Ca. xu  
¶ Of the land of Wales. Ca. xuj  
¶ Of the name/ and why it is named Wales. Ca. xvij  
¶ Of the commodities of the land of Wales. Ca. xviij  
¶ Of the manners and rights of the welshmen. Ca. xix  
¶ Of the marvels and wonders of Wales. Ca. twenty  
¶ Of the description of scotland/ sometime named Albania. Ca. xxj  
¶ Of the description of ireland. ca. xxij  
¶ Of the bounding of ireland. ca. xxiij  
¶ Of the greatness and quantity of that land. ca. xxiiij  
¶ Of the defaults of the land. ca. xxv  
¶ Of them that first inhabited ireland. ca. xxuj  
¶ Of the conditions and manners of irishman. ca. xxvij  
¶ Of the marvels and wonders of ireland. ca. xxviij  
¶ Of the marvels of saints of ireland. ca. xxix   
¶ Thus endeth the table.   

¶ The names of this island. Caplo i  
first (as Galfridus saith) this land was called albion after the name of Albyne the elpest daughter of Dio clesyan/ & had xxxij sisters/ & they were the first that inhabited this land/ and because she was the eldest sister/ she named this land Albyon after her own name as the chronicles rehearseth. Other say that this land was named Albion as it were the white land of white rocks about the clives of the see that were seen fro far. Afterward Brute conquered this land & called it britain after his own name. And than saxons or englishmen conquered this land & called it Anglia that is England. Or it is called Anglia of a queen that owed this land that was named Angela/ & was a noble duke's daughter of the Saxons. Or as ysid saith Ethi xu Anglia hath the name as it were an angle & a corner of the world. Or else as Beda saith li. i Saint Gregory saw english children to sell at Rome/ & he accorded to the name of the land and said/ they been soothly angels/ for their faces shine as angels/ for the noblete of the land shone in the children's faces. ¶ Alfre. The Britysshe Anglia is called the other world and for great plenty of all good the great Charles called it his own chambre. ¶ Solinus. The edge of the french cliff should be the end of the world/ if the island of britain ne were not/ which is worthy to have the name of an other world. ¶ Alfre. This island is called insula for it is in salo/ that is the see/ & is beaten of with divers course of waters with streams & with wawes of the see.   

¶ Of the setting/ bounding/ length and breed of England. Ca. two  
THis britain is accounted a noble land both in our stories & also in the stories of Greeks/ & is set against Germania/ Gallia/ France/ & spain between the north & the west & the see between. This land is thirty mile from the cliff of the men that be called morini gessorico. ¶ Beda li. i And for this island lieth under the north heed of the world/ & it hath light & bright nights in the summer time so the oftentimes at midnight men have questions & doubt whether it be eventide or dawning/ that is for the time of the year that the son goth not far under the earth by night but passeth by the north side & cometh soon in to the east again. And therefore in the summer been their days full long of xviij hours/ & the nights of uj hours. And after in the winter been long nights of xviij hours & short days of uj hours. Also in Armenia/ Macedo nia/ Italia & in other lands of the same line the longest day & longest night also is of xv. hours/ & the shortest day or night is of ix hours. ¶ Plimus in meroe. That island is chief of black men/ there is the longest day twelve hours. In Alexandry in Egypte of xiij hours/ in italy of xu hours/ in britain of xviij hours/ in the island named tile all the uj summer months is day/ & all the uj winter months is night. ¶ Isid li xiij britain is set within Ocean as it were without the world/ & is set against France and Spain. ¶ Giraldus. britain is endlonge & larger in the middle than in the ends ¶ Orostus. britain stretcheth in length out of the south in to the north/ & in the southest it hath France/ in the south Spain in the north Norway/ & in the west H●bern●a that is ireland/ when shipmen pass the next cliff of the land they see a cite that height 〈◊〉 mouth. Beda li. i the cite is now called of Englishmen Reptacestre. ¶ Solinus. britain is. viij. C. mile of length & it be met from the cliff of Tornes to the angle of Calydon. ¶ Alfre. That is from Penwithstrete xu mile beyond Michael's stowe in cornwall unto Carnes that is beyond scotland/ & britain is more than. ij. C. mile broad from Meneuia that is the uttermost place in Wales unto Ya●mouth in norfolk. ¶ Beda. Only out take the longest out shooting of divers fore lands with the which britain is all about xlviij sith lxx thousand pace.   

¶ Of the worthiness and prerogations. Caplo three  
AS France passeth britain/ so britain passeth ireland in fair weather and noble●e/ but not in health. ¶ Beda lib. i For this island is best to bring forth trees & fruits/ Rutherne & beestes/ & wine groweth therein in some places. The land hath plenty of fowls and of beasts of divers manner of kind The land is plenteous and the see also. The land is noble/ copious/ & rich of noble wells and rivers/ with plenty of fish. There is great plenty of small fish of salmon & of eyes. ¶ Wilhel. de 'pon li three So that the people in some place feed their s●yne with fish. Beda li. i There been oftentimes taken dolphins see calves and baleyne great fishes as whales kind/ and divers manner shelfysshe/ among the which shelfysshe been muscles that within them have Margery pearls of all manner of colour and hew of rody & reed purpur & of blue/ & specially & most of white. There is also plenty of shelfysshe that men die therewith fine reed/ the reednes thereof is wonders fair and stable/ & staineth never with cold ne with heat/ with wete ne with dry/ but ever the older the colour is the fairer. There been also salt wells & hot wells thereof running streams of hot baths departeth in to divers places according for man & woman of all manner age old or young. ¶ Basilius saith. That the water that tenneth & passeth by veins of certain metal taketh in his course great heat. This island is plenteous of veins of metals/ of brass/ of yren/ of lead/ of tin/ & of silver also. ¶ Plimus li. uj ca. uj In this island under the turf of the land is found good merle/ the thrifty of the farnes drieth himself therein. So that ever the thick the field is merled the better corn it will bear. There is also an other manner white merle that the land is the better lxxx year that therewith is merled. ¶ Solinus. In this island groweth a stone that is called gagates/ if ye will know his fairness/ it is black as gems been/ if ye will know his kind/ it brenneth in water/ & quencheth in oil/ and as to his might/ if the stone be frotted & chafed it holdeth what him nigheth as Succuns a stone that is so named. ¶ Ynd. li. xu There been sheep that bear good will. There been many hearts and wild beasts & few wolves/ therefore sheep been the surer without keeping left in the field. ¶ 〈◊〉. In this island also been many cities & towns fair & noble and rich/ many great rivers & streams with great plenty of fish/ many fair woods & great/ with right many beasts came and wild. The earth of that land is copious of metal oor/ & of salt wells/ of quarreys of marble of divers manner stones/ of reed/ of white/ of soft & of hard of chalk & of white lime. There is also white clay & reed for to make pots/ crockes/ stenes & other vessel/ and brent tile to cover the houses & churches/ as it were in the other samia/ that is named samos also. Flaundres loveth well the will of this land/ & Hollonde the skills and fells of all manner beasts. Guienne the yren & the lead. ireland the oor & the salt. All Europa loveth & desireth the white metal of this land. ¶ Alfre. britain hath enough of all matter that there needeth to buy & sell/ or is needful to man's use/ there lacketh neither salt nor iron. Therefore a versifier in his metre praiseth this land in this manner. england is a good land fruitful of will/ but it is a corner. England is full of play/ free men well worthy to play/ free men/ free tongues free hearts/ & free been all their things/ their hands is more free & better than their tongue. Also england is beauteous of land/ flower of lands all about/ that land is full paid with fruit & good of his own/ that land relieveth strange men that hath need thereto. And when hunger grieveth other lands/ that land feedeth them. That land beareth fruit & corn great plenty enough. That land is well at ease as long as men live in peace/ east & west in each land been well known the havens of england. Their ships foundes & oft helpeth many lands. Their meet & money men have there more common always. And for to learn men gladly give gifts. In land & strand/ wide speaketh men of England. Land honey milk cheese this island thereof shall bear the price. This island hath no need of other lands/ all lands must seek help at this alone. Of the liking of their woun might wonder king Solomon. The riches that there is an/ would desire Octavian.   

¶ Of the marvels & wonders. ca. four  
IN britain been hot wells well arrayed & addressed to the use of manhood/ mistress of those wells is the great spirit Minerva. In her house the fire endureth always that never changeth in to ashes/ but there the fire slaketh it changeth in to stone clots. ¶ Alfre. In britain been many wonders/ never theles four been most wonderful/ the first is at Pecton/ there bloweth so strong wind out of the chines of the earth that it casteth up again clothes that men cast in. The second is at Stonehenge beside Salysbury/ there been great stones & wonders huge/ & been reared on high as it were gates set upon other gates. Nevertheless it is not known clearly ne apperceived how & wherefore they been so arreared and so wonderfully hanged. The third is at Cherdhoke/ there is a great hollowness under the earth/ often many men have walked therein/ & have seen rivers & streams/ but no where can they find none end. The fourth is/ that rain is seen raised upon hills/ & none sprung about in the fields. Also there is a great pond that containeth lx islands covenable for men to dwell in/ that pond is becleped about with six score roches/ and upon every roche an eagles nest/ and three score rivers run in to that pond/ & none of them all ren in to the see but one. There is a pond closed about with wall of tile & of stone. In that pond men wash and bathe right sore/ & every man feeleth the water hot or cold right as he will him self. There been salt wells far from the see/ & been salt all the week long unto saturday at none/ & fresh fro saturday at none unto monday. The water of these wells when it is sudden turneth in to small salt fair & white. Also there is a pond/ the water thereof hath wonders working/ for though all an host stood by the pond & turned their faces thitherward/ the water would draw them violently toward that pond & wet all their clothes/ and so should a horse be drawn in the same wise. And it y● face be turned away fro the water/ the water noyeth not. There is a well that no stream runneth fro neither thereto/ & yet four manner of fish been taken therein/ that well is but twenty foot long 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉. foot broad/ & not deep but to the knee/ & closed with high banks on every side. In the country about Wynchestre is a den or a cave/ out of that cave bloweth alway a strong wind/ so that no man may endure to stand tofore the den or cane. ¶ There is also a pond that turneth tree in to iron if it be therein a year/ & so trees been shapen in to whetstones. Also there is in the top of an hill buryels/ every man that cometh & meeteth that buryell he shall find it even of his own length & measure. And if a pilgrim kneel thereto/ anon he shall be all fresh & feel no grief of weariness. ¶ Gir. in top. Fast by the minster of wymburney (that is not far fro Bathe) is a wood that beareth moche fruit/ if the trees of that wood fall in to water or ground that is nigh & lie there all a year/ the trees turn in to stones. ¶ Gir. in itinere. Under the cite of Chestre runneth the river Dee/ that now departeth england & wales. That river changeth every month his sordes as men of that country tell/ & leaveth often the channel/ but whether the water draw more toward England or toward Wales/ to what side that it be/ that year men of that side have the worst end & be over set. And men of that other side shall have better end & been at their above. When the water so changeth his course it bodeth such haps. This river Dee runneth & cometh out of a lake that height Pymblemere. In this river is great plenty of salmon/ nevertheless in the lake is never salmon found. ¶ Wilhel. dear. le. two Take heed how great light and brightness hath been showed upon Englishmen sith they first turned to right believe. So that of no men in any province been founden so many hole bodies of men after their death/ in likeness of everlastynges that shall be after the day of doom/ as it well seemeth in these holy saints etheldred/ Edmond the king/ Elphege/ Edgar/ Cuthberte/ and saint Edward/ & many other/ I trow that it be done by a special grace of almighty god/ for the nation that is set as it were without the world should take heed to burying of bodies without corruption & rotting/ and been the more bold and steadfast for to trust upon the final arising of deed bodies for to last evermore after the day of doom.   

¶ Of the chief parties of the same land. Ca. v.  
AFter the first Brutes time the island of britain began for to have the principal parties/ that been Loegria/ Cambria that is Wales/ & Albania that is now scotland. Loegria hath that name of Locrinus that was 〈…〉 es eldest son/ & height Loegria as it were Locrine's land. But now Loegria is called England. The bounds & marks were thereof sometime the french see both by East & by south. ¶ Beda li. i ca. two And by north two arms of the see that breaketh far in to the land either against other/ but they reach not together. The east arm of those twain beginning about a two little mile fro the minster of Ebburcuring. In the west side of Penulton in the arm is a town that is called Guydy/ the west arm of these twain hath in the right side a strong cite that height Alcliud/ which in their language is called Clyntstone/ and standeth upon a river that is called Clynt also. ¶ R. Some men would mean that Loegria endeth at Humbre/ & stretcheth no ferther northward. The second party of britain is called Albania that is scotland/ & hath that name of Albanactus' Brutes sone/ & stretcheth fro the foresaid two arms of the see northward unto the see of Norway. Nevertheless the south parties of Albania where as Pictes dwelled sometime/ that lieth from the water of tweed unto the scottysshe see. All that longed sometime to the kingdom of Northumberlonde Brenycorne the north side of Northumberlonde fro the first time of english kings to the time when Kynadius king of Scotlond that was Alpinus son did away the Picts/ & so joined that country to the kingdom of scotland. The third party of britain is Wales Wallia that height Cambria also/ & hath the name Cambria of Cambre Brutes sone for he was prince of wales. In the east side Severn sometime departed between England & Wales. But in the north side the river of Dee at Chestre/ and in the south the river that is named Vaga at the castle of Strygelyn departeth england & wales. Also king Offa for to have a distinction for evermore between the kings of England & of wales/ made a long dyche that stretcheth forth out of the south side by Bristol under the hills of wales Severn & Dee almost to the hedes & unto the mouth of the river of Dee beyond Chestre fast by the castle it runneth between Colehyll & the minster of Basyngwerke in to the see. This dyche is yet in many places seen. In saint Edward's time walshmen should not pass that dyche with weepen upon a great pain And that was at the earl harold procuring/ as it shall be said here after. But now in either sides both of that half and of this half the ditch/ & specially in the shires of Chestre/ of Shrowesbury and of Herford in many places been englishmen & walshmen meddled together.   

¶ Of the islands that been thereto adjacent. Ca. uj  
britain hath three islands that been nigh and longing thereto all without the islands Orcades/ as it were answering to the three chief parties of britain. For the isle of wight longeth & lieth to Loegria that is England. The island Man that is called Angleseia also longeth to Wales. And the island Eubonia that hath two other names/ & is called Meneuia & Man also/ which longeth to Scotland. And all these three islands/ Wight/ Mon/ & Man been almost alike much & of quantity/ of the which three alarowe followeth our speech. ¶ Beda li. i ca. three Claudius' sent Vaspasianus and Vaspasianus wan Wight/ and Wight stretcheth out of the east in to the west xxx mile long/ & out of the south in to the north twelve mile/ and is in the east side uj mile fro the south cliff of britain/ & three mile in the west side. ¶ Beda li. four ca. v. The measure of this island as englishmen guess/ is a thousand households & two hundred. ¶ Get. in itinere. Mon that is called Angleseia also is departed from North-Wales by a short arm of the see as it were two mile broad. In Mon been. CCC. towns & xliij and been accounted for candredes that been two hondredes. The island is as it were thirty. mile long/ & twelve mile broad. Candredus is so moche land as containeth an hundred towns/ that name Candredus is made out of two languages/ of Brytysshe & of irish. In praising of this ylonde walshmen were wont to say a proverb and an old same. Mon Man kembry/ that is to say in english/ that land is so good/ that it seemeth that it would find corn enough for all the men of Wales. Therefore Virgil's verses may be according thereto/ as moche as gnaws/ beasts long Inneth daws/ so moche eft bringeth cold dew in a night. In that arm of the see that departeth this land & north-wales/ is a swallow that draweth ships to it that saileth by/ & swalloweth them in right as doth Scylla & Charybdis that been two perilous places in the see of middle earth. Therefore men may not sail by this swallow but slily at a full see. ¶ R. Of the marvels and wonders of the island of Mon thou shalt find in the chapter of Wales. ¶ Gir. in itinere. The third island that is called both Eubonia & Mene●●a that is Man standeth in the middle between the irish ulstere & the scottish galleway as it were the navel of the see. ¶ Beda li. two ca. ix This island Man conreyneth as it were two islands. The first is southward the more country/ & the better corn land/ & containeth ix C. & lx households. The second containeth the space of. CCC. and moo as Englysshmen guess. ¶ Giral. in top. Sometime was strife whether this island Man should long to britain or to ireland/ & for as much as venomous worms that were brought thither lived there/ it was judged that the island of Man should long to britain. ¶ R. In that island is sortylege & witchcraft used. For women there sell to shipmen wind/ as it were closed under three knots of thread/ so that the more wind he will have/ the moo knots he must undo. There often by day time men of that land see men that been deed tofore hand beheaded or hold/ and what death they died. aliens set their feet upon the feet of men of that land for to see such sights as the men of that land done. ¶ Beda li. two Scots dwelled first in this island. ¶ Thanatos that is Tenet/ and is an island besides Kent/ and hath that name Thanatos of death of serpents/ for there be none/ and the earth thereof sleeth serpents borne in other lands. There is noble corn land & right fruitful. It is supposed that this island was hallowed & blessed of saint Austyn the first doctor of englishmen/ for there he arrived first.   

¶ Of the kings high ways and streets. Ca. vij  
MOliuncius was the xiij king of Brytons/ and was the first that gave them law. He ordained that plowmen follows/ god's temples and high ways that lead men to cities & towns should have the freedom of colour so that every man that went to any of them for succour or for trespass that he had done/ should be safe for pursuit of all his enemies. But afterward for the ways were untertayne/ and strife was had/ therefore Belinus the king that was the foresaid Moliuncius son/ for to put away all strife and doubt/ made four high kings ways/ prevyleged with ●●● privilege & freedom. And the ways 〈◊〉 through the island. The first and greatest of the four ways is called Fosse/ and stretcheth out of the south in to the north/ and beginneth from the corner of cornwall and passeth forth by devonshire by Somerset/ and forth besides Tetbury upon Cotteswold beside coventry unto leicester/ and so forth by wild plains toward Newarke/ and endeth at Lyncolne. The second chief kings high way is named watlyngstrete/ and stretcheth thwart over Fosse/ out of the southeast in to the north west/ & beginneth at Dover/ & passeth by the middle of Kent over Temse beside London by Westmynster/ and so forth by saint Albon in the west side by Donstable by S●ratford by Towcetre/ by Wedom/ by south Lylleborne/ by Atheryston unto Gylbertes hill/ that now is called wrekene/ & forth by Severn/ and passeth besides Wrokcestre/ & than forth to Stratton/ and so forth by the middle of Wales unto Cardykan/ and endeth at the irish see. The third way is called Erynnugestrete/ & stretcheth out of the westnorth west in to the eestsoutheest/ & beginneth in Meneuia that is saint David's land in west Wales/ & stretcheth forth unto Southamton. The fourth is called Rikenyldstrete & stretcheth forth by Worcestre/ by Wycombe/ and by Birmyngeham by Lechfelde/ by Derby/ by Chestrefelde/ by York/ and forth unto Tynmouth.   

¶ Of the famous rivers and streams. Ca. eight  
THere been three famous rivers running through britain/ by the which three rivers merchants of beyond the see comen in ships in to britain well nigh out of all manner of nations & lands. These three rivers been Temse/ Severn/ & Humbre. The see ebbeth & floweth at these three rivers/ and departeth the three provinces of the island/ as it were the three kingdoms asunder. The three parties been Loegria/ Cambria/ & Northumbria/ that is middle england wales & Northumberlonde. ¶ R. This name Tamyse seemeth made one name of two names of two rivers/ that been Tame & ice/ for the river of Tame runneth besides Dorchestre & falleth in ice/ therefore all the river fro the first heed unto the east see is named Tamyse or Temse. Temse beginneth beside Tetbury/ that is three mile by north Malmesbury/ there the Temse springeth of a well that runneth eastward & passeth the Fosse/ & departeth Glocestre shire & wilshire/ and draweth with him many other wells and streams/ and waxeth great at Grecestre/ and passeth forth than toward Hampton/ & so forth by Oxford/ by wallynforde/ by reading/ and by London. ¶ Wilhel. de 'pon. ca. two At the haven of Sandwytche it falleth in to the east see/ and holdeth his name xl mile beyond London/ & departeth in some place Kent and Essex/ westsex & Mercia/ that is as it were a great deal of middle England ¶ R. Severn is a river of britain/ & is called Haberne in brytysshe/ and hath that name Haberne of Haberne that was Estryldes' daughter. Guendolon the queen drowned this Haberne therein/ therefore the brytons called the river Haberne after the woman that was drowned therein/ but by corrupt latin it is called Sabrina/ Severn in english. Severn beginneth in the middle of Wales/ & passeth first toward the east unto Shrowesbury/ & than turneth southward unto Brygnorth/ worcestre and Glocestre/ & falleth in to the west see besides bristol and departeth in some place England & Wales. ¶ Wilhel. de 'pon li three Severn is swift of stream/ much fish is there in/ woodness of the swolowing & of the whirling water casteth up & gather to heap great heaps of gravel. Severn oft ariseth & overfloweth the banks. ¶ R. Humbre hath that name of Humbre king of Hunes/ for he was drowned therein/ & runneth first a croak out of the south side of york/ & than it departeth the province of lindsay that longed sometime to the Merces from the other country Northumberlonde. Trent and Ous run in to Humbre and make the river full great. ¶ Treuisa. The Merces were men as it were of middle England/ as it shall be said here after.   

¶ Of ancient cities & towns. ca. ix  
THe kingdom of britain was sometime made fair with xxviij noble cities without right many castles that were walled with coures/ with gates and with bars strongly builded. ¶ A●fre. These were the names of the cities. Ca●rlud that is London. Caerbranke that is York Caerkent that is Caunterbury. Caergoraukon that is Worcestre. Caerlirion that is Leicestre. Caerclon that is Glocestre. Caercolden that is Colchestre. Carrey that is Chychestre/ saxons called it sometime Cissoncestre. Caercery that is Circestre. Caerguent that is Wynchestre. Caergraunte that is cambridge. Caerleyll that is Lugubalia & Karlyll. Caerporis that is Porchestre. Caerdrom that is Dorchestre. Caerludeoit that is Lyncolne & Lyndecolin. Caermarthyn that is Merlyns cite. Caersegent that is Sicestre & is upon Temse not far from reading. Leon that is Caerlegyon also/ & height first legecestre & now is named Chestre. Caerbathon that is Bache/ & hight sometime Athamannus cite. Caerpaladour that is Septon/ that now height Shaftesbury. ¶ R. Other cities been found in cro nycles for understanding of stories/ of whom it shall follow. ¶ W 〈…〉 hell. de 'pon. London is a rial and a rich cite upon Tamyse/ of burgesses/ of riches of merchants/ of chaffre and merchandise. Therefore it is that sometime when dearth of victuals is in all England/ comyuly at London it is best cheap/ because of the buyers & sellers that been at London. ¶ Gaufre. Brute the first king of Brytons builded & ●dyfyed this 〈…〉 te of London the first cite/ in remembrance of the cite of Troy that was destroyed/ and called it Troy neweth & Trinouantum/ that is new Troy Afterward king Lud called it Caerlud after his own name/ therefore the Brytons had indigna●yon as Gyldas telleth. Afterward Englishmen called the cite London/ & yet after that Normans called it Londres/ & is named in latin Lōdo●●a. Rudhudibras king Leyle'S son was y● vu●. king of Brytons/ he builded Caunterbury the chief cite of Kent/ & called it Caerkent. Afterward Englishmen called it Doro●ernia/ but that is not Dover that standeth upon the clif of the french see/ & is from this Dover xii english mile. Afterward this Dorober●●a was & is called Caunterbury. The same king Rudhudibras builded Wynchestre/ & called it Caerguent/ & after englishmen called it went/ & wynchestre after the name of one Wine an englishman that was bishop there. All westsaxon was subject to him/ the same king builded Paladour that is Septon that now is called Shaftesbury. Britons tell that a eagle ꝓ●he●yed there sometime. Bladud Leyle'S son a nygromancer was the ix king of Brytons/ he builded Bathe/ & called it Caerbathon. Englisshmen called it after Athamannus cite. But at the last men called it Bathonia that is Bathe. ¶ Wilhel. de 'pon. 〈◊〉 two In this cite welleth up & springeth 〈◊〉 bathoes/ & men ween that julius Cezar made there such baths. ¶ R. But Gaufre. monemutensis in his brytysshe book saith that Bladud made those baths because William hath not seen that brytysshe book wrote so by telling of other men/ or by his own guessing as he wrote other things not best avysedly. Therefore it seemeth more soothly that Bladud made not the hot baths/ ne julius Cezardyd such a deed/ though Bladud builded & made the cite/ but it accordeth better to kindly reason that the water runneth in the earth by veins of brimstone & sulphur/ & so it is kindly made hot in that course & springeth up in divers places of the cite. And so there been hot baths that washen of teters/ sores & scabs ¶ Treuisa. Though men might by craft make hot baths for to endure long enough this accordeth well to reason & to philosophy that treateth of hot wells & baths that been in divers lands/ though the water of this bath be more troubly & sourer of savour and of smell than other hot baths been that I have seen at Acon in almain. And eyges in Savoy which ben fair & clear as any well stream/ I have been bathed therein & assayed them. ¶ R. Claudius Cezar married his daughter to arviragus king of Britons. This Claudius Cezar builded Glocestre in the wedding of his daughter. Britons called this cite first after Claudius' name/ but afterward it was called Glocestre after one Gloria which was duke of the country & standeth upon Severn in the march of england & wales. Shrowesbury is a cite upon Severne in the march of england & wales/ & is set upon the top of an hill & it is called Shrowesbury of shrobbes & fruit that grew there sometime o● that hill. Brytons called it sometime Pengwerne that is the heed of a fair tree. Shrowesbury was sometime the heed of Powesye that stretcheth forth toward over the middle of wales unto the irish see. Notyngham standeth upon Trent/ & sometime height Notyngham that is the woning of dens/ for the Danes dwelled there sometime & digged dens and caves under hard stones & rocks & dwelled there. ¶ R. Lyncolne is chief of the province of lindsay/ & was called sometime Caerludcoit/ & afterward Lyndecoln. It is uncertain who builded first this city but if it were king Lud: & so it seemeth by meaning of the name/ for caer is britysshe & is to say a cite/ & coit is a wood/ & so it seemeth that Caerludcoit is to say Lud'S wood town. King Leir was Bladuddes son & builded Leyce●tre/ as it were in the middle of England upon the river Sos and upon Fosse the kings high way.   

¶ Wilhel. de 'pon. lib. three  
york is a great cite in either side of the water of Ouse that seemed as fair as Rome unto the time that king William had with brenning & fire defouled it & the country about/ so that a pilgrim would now weep and he saw it/ if he had known it tofore. ¶ Gaufre. Ebrancus the .v. king of Britons builded york & called it after his own name Caerbranke. He builded also two other cities/ one in Scotland & is called Edinburgh/ & an other toward scotland in the end of England & is called Alcliud. ¶ R. Edinburgh is a cite in the land of Pictes between the river of tweed & the scottysshe see/ & height sometime the castle of Maidens/ & was called afterward Edinburgh of Edan king of Pictes/ that reigned there in Egfridus time king of Northumberland. Alcliud was sometime a noble cite/ & is now well nigh unknown to all englishmen. For under the Brytons & Pictes & englishmen it was a noble cite to the coming of the Danes. But afterward about the year of our lord viij. C lxx it was destroyed when the danes destroyed the country of Northumberlonde. But in what place of britain that cite Alcliud was builded/ auctors tell diversly. Beda li. i saith that it was builded by west that arm of the see that departeth between the Britons and the Pictes sometime there severus famous wall endeth westward/ and so it seemeth by him that it is not far from Ca●●le●ll for that cite is set at the end of the wall. Other writers of stories write that the cite of Alcliud is that cite that now is called Aldburgh/ that is to say/ a old town/ & standeth upon the river Ous not far fro Burghbrigge/ that is ten mile westward out of york/ & it seemeth that he proveth that by Gaufride in his book of deeds of Brytons/ he writeth yt●●●durus king of Britons was lodged at the cite of Alcliud because of so●a●e and hunting/ & found his brother Arga●on masking in a wood nigh there b●●●●● that height Calatery/ but that w●d●●●latery which is Calters in 〈…〉 reacheth almost to york/ and struggleth toward the north by Aldburgh 〈…〉 by space of twenty mile/ the most 〈◊〉 of that wood is now thrown down & the 〈◊〉 tilled. Other men would suppose that Alcliud was that city that now is called Burgham in the north country of w●●● merlonde fast by Comberlond and standeth upon the river Eden the cite is 〈◊〉 wondrously seen. deem ye now where it is builded. ¶ Tre●●sa. It is not hard to assoil if men take heed that many towns bear one name as Cartage in Africa & Cartago in spain. Newporte in wales & Newport in the parish of Barkeley/ Worten under egg & worton passeth/ wy●war wick pain & wyk in the parish of Barkeley/ & two shire towns either is called Hampton/ as Southampton & Northampton so it seemeth by the stories that one Alcliud was in York shire/ an other in westmerlond/ & one fast by the right side of the west arm of the see that departeth England & scotland/ But that Alcliud was a right strong city as Beda saith/ & the city standeth fast by a river that is called Cliud/ & there is not such a river in yorkshire nor in Westmerlonde as men of the country tell me. Some men say that the river Cliud is now named Sulwatche. Sulwatche is but .v. 〈◊〉 fro Caerleyll/ which is a cite in y●●oūtre of north england toward the north west/ & hath an other name/ which is Luguball. Leyll the vij king of Britons builded Caerleyll. ¶ R. In this cite is some what of that famous wall that passeth Northumberlond. ¶ Wi●hel. de 'pon. In this cite is yet a three chambered house made of vault stones that never might be destroyed with tempest of wederne with brenning of fire. Also in the country fast by westmerlonde in the front of a three chambered place is written in this manner Mar●●ictori. what this writing is to say I doubt somewhat/ but if it were so that some of the Combres lay there sometime when the consul Marius had put him out of ●taly. But it seemeth better that it is written in mind of Marius king of Britons that was Aruitagus son. This Marius ouer●ame in that place Rodryk king of Pictes/ so saith Gaufre in his brytysshe ●oke/ William malmesbury saw never the book. At Hagulstaldes' church is a place lxxx mile out of york northwestward the place is as it were destroyed/ so saith Wi●hel li three de 'pon▪ That place longed sometime to the bisshopriche of York/ there were sometime houses with vice arches & bautes in y● mane● of Rome/ now that place is called Hestoldesham & Heglesham also Beda 〈◊〉. 〈◊〉. ca 〈◊〉. saith that the place is fast by the long wall of the work of Rome in the north half. ¶ R. There is difference between the province of Lindefar & the church Lindefarne. For the province of Lyndefar & lindsay is all one/ & lieth by east Lyncolne/ & Lincoln is the heed thereof/ of the which saith Beda li. four ca. xj that Sexuulfus was first bishop there. But Beda lib. four ca. xxiij saith the Lyndefar church is an island that is called holy island in the river of tweed next Barwyk. And so it is gathered of Bedaes' saws that tweed runneth in to the famous arm of the see that now departeth english men & Scots in the east half/ & in that arm been three islands/ that one is Maylros that now is called Menros. Than about toward the west is Lyndefarne church that is called holy island. Than the third is above upward/ & is the yloude Far●e & is called also Feruy island. Than upward above that two mile is a rial cite upon the brink of tweed which some time hight Bebamburgh that is Bobs cite/ & now is called Bamburgh/ & hath a right strong castle. ¶ Gir. in itinere Two ●ytees there been either is called Caerlegyon & Caerleon also/ one is De 〈…〉 ecia in south wales that is called Caeruske/ also there the river of uske falleth in to Severne fast by Glamorgan. Bellinus king of Britons sometime builded that cite/ & was sometime the chief city of Demecia in south wales. afterward in Claudius' caesars time it was called the cite legions when at the prayer of Genius the queen/ Vaspasianus and arviragus were accorded/ & legions of Rome were sent in to ireland/ though was Caerleon a noble city & of great authority/ and by the romans rially builded and walled about with walls of brent tile. great noblesse that was there in old time is there yet in many places seen/ as the great palaces/ giants towers/ noble baths/ relief of the temples places of the atrees/ that were places high & rial to stand and sit in/ and to behold about. The places were ●yally closed with rial walls that yet so 〈…〉 deal standeth ●yght nigh close. And within the walls and without is great building undererth/ water conduits and ways undererth/ & stews also y● shalt see wonderly made with straight side ways of breathing that wonderly cast up heat. In this cite were sometime three noble churches/ one was of saint julius the martyr/ & therein a great company of virgins. That other was of saint Aaron that was of the order of black chavons/ that church was right nobly adorned. The third church was the chief mother church of all Wales/ & the chief see. But after ward the chief see was turned out of that cite in to Meneuia/ that is saint David's land in west wales. In this Caerleon was Amphibalus borne that taught saint Albon. There the messengers of Rome came to great Arthur's court/ if it is lawful to believe Treui●a/ if Giraldus was in doubt whether it were leeful to believe or not▪ it were a wonder showing as men would ween for to have evermore in mind & ever be in doubt if all his ●okes were such/ what lore were therein/ & namely while he maketh none euyden●e/ for in neither side he telleth what ineveth him so to say. ¶ R. There is an other cite of legions there his Cronyeles were betravayled as it is clearly known by the first tha●●tre of this book. ¶ Tr●uisa. That is to understand in the Latin writing. For he that made it in latin turned it not in to english in the same place that it was first in Latin. The understanding of him that made this Crony●les is thus written in latin in the beginning of this book Presentem Cronican● comp●●auit frat●r Ranulphus Cestren●●s monachus. That is to say● in english. Brother Ranulph mon●e of Chestre compiled & made this book of the Cr●ny●●es. ¶ 〈◊〉. The cite of Legions that is Chestre stands in the March of England toward Wales between two arms of the see y● 〈◊〉 named De & Mersee. This cite in tym● of Brytons was heed & chief cite of a 〈…〉 cia/ that is North-wales. The ●ounder of this cite is unknown. For who y●●eeth the fundaments of the great ●●ones would rather ween that it were romans we●ke or work of giants/ than it were 〈◊〉 by working of Britons. This 〈◊〉 sometime in Britysshe speech height Ca 〈…〉 leon/ Legecestria in latin/ & Chestre 〈◊〉 english/ & the cite of legions also. For there lay a winter the legyons' of knights that julius Cezar sent for to win ireland. And after Claudius Cezar sent legions out of that cite for to w●nne the island that he called Or●ades. What ever William Ma●mesbury by telling of other men mente of this cite. This 〈◊〉 hath p●●te of livelihood/ of come of flesh of fish/ & spe●yally of price of salmon. This cite 〈…〉 yveth great merchandise and sendeth out also. Also nigh this cite been salt wells/ metal & 〈◊〉. Northumbrers destroyed this cite sometime. But afterward El●●eda lady of M 〈…〉 〈…〉 ded it again/ & made it moche mor●. In this same cite been ways under the 〈◊〉 with vaults & stone work wonderly wrought/ three chambre works/ great stones graven with old men's names therein. There is also julius C●●ars name wonderly graven in stone and other noble m●nes also with the writing about. This is the cite that Ethe●●●ide king of Northumberlonde destroyed/ and 〈…〉 we there fast by nigh two thousand monks of the minster of Bangor. This is the cite that king Edgar came thither sometime with vij kings that were ●u●g●●● to him. I metre breaketh out in this manner in praising this cit●. Chestre▪ castle town/ as it were/ name taketh of a castle. It is unknown what man builded this cite now. though legecestria cheese height now town of Legyones. Now Waisshe and english hold this cite of great price. Stones on walls seemeth work Hercules all. There long with might/ to dure that heap is height. Saxon small stones/ set upon great been at ones. There under ground/ loting double voute is found. That helpeth with sondes many men of western lands. fish flesh and corn low/ this Cite town hath enough. ships & chaffer/ see water bringeth enough there. Godestal there is/ that was Emperor or this. And forth Henry king/ earth is there dwelling. Of king harald/ powder is there yet y halde. Bacchus and Mercurius/ Mars and Venus. Also Lauerna/ Protheus and Pluto/ regne there in the town. ¶ Treuisa. God wot what this is to mean/ but poets in their manner speech fain as though every kind craft & living had a divers god everich from other. And so they feigned a god of battle & of fighting & called him Mars/ and a god of covetise & richesse & merchandise/ & called him Mercurius And so Bacchus is called god of wine. Venus' goddess of love & beauty. Laver va god of their & of robbery. Protheus god of falsehood & of guile/ & Pluto god of hell. And so it seemeth that these verses would mean that these foresaid gods regne & been served in Chestre. Mars with fighting & cocking. Mercurius with covetise & richesse. Bacchus with great drinking. Venus' with love lewdly. Lauerna with thefre & robbery. Procheus with faishede & guile. Than is Pluto not unserved that is god of hell. ¶ R. There Babylon lore/ more might hath troth the more.   

¶ Of provinces and Shires. Ca. ten  
TAke heed that England containeth xxxij shires & provinces/ that now been called earldoms/ reserved cornwall & that island. ¶ Alfre. These been the names of that earldoms & shires. Kent Southsex/ Sothery/ Namshyre/ Barok shire that hath his name of a bare oak that is in the forest at wyndsore/ for at that bare oak men of that shire were wont to come together and make their treatyes/ and there take counsel & advise. Also wilshire that hight sometime the province of Semeran/ Somerset/ Dorset/ Deven shire/ that now is called Devonia in latin. These ix south shires the Tamyse departeth from the other deal of England which were sometime governed & ruled by the westsaxons law. Eestsex/ Myddelsex/ Southsex/ Norfolk/ Herford shire/ Huntyngdon shire/ Northampton shire/ cambridge shire/ Bedfordshyre/ Bokyngham shire/ leicester shire/ Derby shire/ Notyngham shire/ Lyncolne shire/ yorkshire/ Durham shire/ Northumberlonde/ Caerleylshyre/ with Cumberlonde/ Appelbyshyre/ with Westmer land/ lancaster shire that conteyncth five little shires. These xu North and east shires were sometime governed & ruled by the law called Mercia in latin & Marchene law in english. It is to wite that York shire stretcheth from that river of Humber unto that river of Teyse And yet in York shire been xxij hundreds/ hundred & candrede is all one. Candrede is one word made of walssue and irish/ & is to meaning a country that containeth an hundred towns/ & is also in english called wepentake/ for sometime in the coming of a new lord tenants were wont to yield up their weepen in stead of homage. Durhamshyre stretcheth from the river of Teyse unto that river of Tyne. And for to speak properly of Northumberlond it stretcheth fro the river of 〈◊〉 unto the river of T●o●de That is in the begynnyngs of ScotlondeTha● y● the co●tree of North●mberlonde that was sometime from ●umber unto Twe●e be now accounted for one shire & one 〈◊〉/ as it was 〈◊〉 yine. Than been in england but xxii shires/ but if the country of Northumberionde be departed in to vi shires that been Euerwyke shire/ Durhamshyre/ Norchumberlonde Cuerleilshyre/ Appelbyshyre/ Laucastre shire/ than been in englonde xxxvi shires without cornwall/ & also without that islands. King William made all these provinces and shires to be described & move. Than were founden xxxvi shires and half a shire. Towns iii M. and sour score. parish churches. xivi. M. and two. knights fees. ixxv. thousand/ whereof men of religion have xxvij thousand and xu any ghtes fees. But now the woods been hewn town and the land new tilled/ and made moche more than was at that time/ and many towns & villages buyiden/ & so there be many moo villages & 〈◊〉 now than were at that tyme. And where as afore is written that Cornewayle is not fet among the shires of England/ it may stand among them well enough for it is neither in wales nor in scotland/ but it is in England/ & it loyneth unto devonshire/ & so may there be accounted in England xxxvii shires and an hath with the other shyles.   

¶ Oelegibus legum●● vocabulis.  
OVnwall● that hight Mo●●in●aus also made first ●a●es in britain/ the which is 〈…〉 laws/ & were 〈…〉 unto William Conqueror's 〈…〉 his that lead men thereto/ and plough men solowes should have privilege & freedom for to save all men that would flee thereto for sorour and refuge. Than afterward Mercia queen of Brytous that was Gwyl telinus' wife/ of her the province had that name of Mercia as some men suppose. She made a law full of wit & reason and was called Merchene law. ¶ Gyis das that wrote the Cronyeles and hysto ryes of the Brytons/ turned these two laws out of Brytons speech in to laryn. And afterward king Aluredus turned all out of latin in to Saxons speech/ and was called Merchene law. Also that same king Aluredus wrote in english/ & put to another law that height westsaron law. Than afterward Danis were lords in this land/ & so came forth the third law that height Dane law. Of these threlawes' saint Edward that third made one common law/ that yet is called saint Edward's law. I hold it will done to write & expone many terms of these laws. Myndebruch hurting of honour & worship. In irenssbe blesc●ur de honour. Burbruck in frenside dieschur de tourt ou de cioys. Grithburche breaking of peace. Mylkenning changing of speech in court. Sbewing set ting forth of merchandise. Hamsokne or Hamfare a rear made in house/ forstalling wrong or bet down in that kings high way. Frith soaken surety in defence. Sak forsayte. Soka sure of court and thereof cometh Soken. Theme sure of bondmen fyghring wytee. Amersement for fighting. Blodemytte. 〈…〉 cement for shedding of blood. Flit 〈…〉 amends for sheoing of blood. Leyr wit amends for dying by a boud woman. 〈◊〉 year amends for trespass. Scene a gathering to work of bayllyes. Nydage tallage for dydes of land. Danes should tayllage given to that Dauts that was every bona taterre. That is every exe land three pens. A wepentake and an hundred is all one/ for the country of towns were wont to give up weepen in the coming of a lord. Lestage custom challenged in chepynges fames/ and stallage/ custom for standing in streets in fair tyme.   

¶ Of kingdoms/ of bounds and marks between them. Ca. xii  
THe kingdom of britain stood without departing hole and all one kingdom to the Brytons/ from the first Brute unto Julius Cezars' time/ and fro Julius Cezars' time unto Severus time this land was under tribute to that romans. Nevertheless kings they had of that same land from Severus unto the last prince Gracian successors of britain failed/ and romans reigned in britain. afterward the romans left of their regning in britain/ because it was fetre from Rome and for great business that they had on that other side. Than Scots and Pietes by misleading of Maximus the tyrant pursued britain/ & warred there with great strength of men of arms long time/ unto the time that the Saxons came at the praying of the Brytons against the Pictes/ & put out Gurmond the irish king with his Picts/ and the Brytons also with their king that hight Careticus/ and drove them out of england into Wales. And so that Saxons were victorious/ & every province after his strength made him a king. And so departed England in to seven kingdoms. Nevertheless afterward these seven kingdoms everichone after other 〈◊〉 all in to one kingdom. All hole un 〈◊〉 the prince Adelstove. Nevertheless 〈◊〉 ●●nes pursued this land fro Adei 〈…〉 time that was Alurents father unto the thy 〈…〉 abouthis au. C lxx 〈…〉 〈…〉 lly therein. xxil. 〈…〉 re And after him harald h●lde the kingdom ix moves. And after him. Nor man's have reigned unto this time/ but how long they shall regue he to whom no thing is unknown. ¶ 〈…〉 Of that foresaid seven kingdoms & their marks mares & bounds/ when they began/ & how long they endured/ here shall I somewhat shortly tell. ¶ Alfre. The first kingdom was that kingdom of Kent/ that stretcheth fro the east Ocean unto that river of Tamyse. There reigned the first Engystes/ & began to regne by the accounting of Dionyse the year of our lord A. C lu that kingdom dured iii. C lviij year xu kings/ unto that time that king Baldrede was put out/ and Egbert king of westsaxon joined that kingdom to his own. The second king doom was at Southsaxon/ that had in the east side kent/ in the south the see & the isle of wight/ in the west hamshire & in the north sothery/ there Ella reigned first with his three sons/ & began to regne the year after the coming of that Angles even xxx But that kingdom within short time passed in to the other kingdoms. The third kingdom was of Eestsaxon/ & bad in the east side the see/ in the west the country of London/ in the fourth Temse/ & in that north Southfolke. The kings of this coū●●● of westsaron fro the first Sebertes time unto that time of the Danes were ten kings/ the which were subgecte somedeal to other kings. Nevertheless o●t est & longest they were under the kings of Merci●/ & 〈◊〉 to the time the Egbert the king of westsaxon joined the kingdom was to his own. The fourth kingdom was of east 〈…〉 gles/ & containeth Norfolk & South folk/ and hath in the east side and in the north side the see/ & in the north west Cam bridge shire/ in the west saint Comondes' dyche & Herfordshyre/ & in the south Essex. And this kingdom duted under twelve kings/ unto the time that king Edmond was slain. And than the Danes took wrongfully both the kingdoms of east Angles and of east Saxon. afterward the Danes were put out and dryvenawaye/ or made subject. And than the elder king Edward joined both the kingdoms to his orane. The fifth king doom was of westsaxon/ & dured longest of all these kingdoms/ & had in the east side fouthsaxon/ in the north Tamyse/ in the south & in the west the see Ocean In that kingdom reigned Serdryk with his son Kenryke/ & began to regne the year of our lord god .v. C. and xix and than after the coming of Angles lxxi so saith Denys the other kingdoms passed in to this kingdom. The sixth kingdom was of Mercia/ & was greatest of all. The marks & the meres there of were in the west side of the river De fast by Chestre/ and Severn fast by Shrowesbury unto bristol/ in the east the east see/ in the south Tamyse unto London/ in the north the river of Humber/ and so westward and downward unto the river Mersee unto the corner of wyrhall/ there Number falleth in to the west see. Penda Wywes son reigned first in this kingdom in the year of our lord Jesus Chryst vi C xxvi so saith Denys/ and fro the coming of Angles an hundred .lxxv. year. This kingdom dured under xviii kings about two hundred lxiij year/ unto the last Colwulfe the Danes vetoke the kingdom to kept when Burdred the king was put out/ but the elder Edward the king put out the Danes/ and joined the kingdom of Mercia to his own kingdom. Nevertheless at the beginning this kingdom of Mercia was departed in to three In west Mercia/ in middle Mercia/ & east Mercia. The vij kingdom was Northamhymbrorum/ that is the kingdom of Northumberionde/ the meres & marks thereof were by west & by East the see of Ocean/ by south that tiver of Humber/ and so downward toward the west by that end of the shires of Notyngham and of Derby unto the river of Merses/ and by north the Scots see/ that height forth in Scots/ wears in Britysshe/ the Scot tysshe see in english. This kingdom of Northumberlonde was first deied in two provinces. That one was the south side & height Deyra/ & that other was the north side & height Brenicia/ as it were two kingdoms/ & the river departed these two kingdoms that time/ for the kingdom of Deyra was from the river of Humber unto the river of Tyne. The kingdom of Brenicia was fro Tyne to the scottish see. And when Pirres dwelled there as Beda saith li. three ca. ii That Ninian the holy man convetted men of the south side. Ida the king reigned there first/ & began to regne the year of our lord .v. C. & xlvij so saith Denys. In Deyra reigned king Elle the year of our lord .v. C xlix These two kingdoms were other while (as it is said) departed between two kings/ & sometime all hole under one king/ and dured as it were twenty english kings. CCC xxi year. At the last Osbartus and Elle were slain in the ix year of their kingdom the Danes slew them/ & Northumberlonde was void without king viii year Than afterward the Danes reigned in Northumberlonde xxxvi year/ unto the oning of the kingdom. Adeistone made subject the kings/ Danes/ scottish & walsshe/ & reigned first alone in Englonge/ & held the kingdom of England all hole and all one kingdom/ that was the year of our lord. viij. C xxviij That tiver of Mer●ee was sometime mark & mere between the kingdom of Mercia and the kingdom of Northumberlond that may be showed in two manners/ first by this property of this Mersee/ that is as much to say as a see that is a bound & a mere/ for it departeth one kingdom from an other. Also it is written in chronicles of Henry & alfred that king Edward the elder fastened a castle at Mancestre in Northumberlond/ but the cite Mancestre is fro the tiver of Mersee scarcely three mile.   

¶ Of bishoprics and of their sees. Ca. xiij  
IVrius was the first king chrystened of the Brytons/ in his time were three archbishops sees in britain/ oue was at London/ an other at york/ & the third at Cacrusk the cite of Legyons in Glamorgan/ that cite is now called Caerleon. To these archbishops sees were subge●te xxviij bishops/ & were called flames. To the archbishops see of London was subject Corn wail & all middle england unto Humber. To york all Northumberlonde from the bow of Humber with all Scotland. To Caerleon all Wales/ there were in wales vij bishops/ & now been but four though Severn departed England and Wales. ¶ Withel. de 'pon. lib. three But in the Saxons time/ though saint Gregory had granted London the privilege of the archbishops see/ nevertheless saint Austyn that was sent in to England by saint Gregory turned the archebysshops' ●●e out of London in to Caunterbury. After saint Gregoryes days at the prayer of king Ethe●bryght & citezyns & burgesses of cauterbury/ there the archebisshops' see hath 〈◊〉 unto now/ save that in y● 〈◊〉 time Offa king of Mercia was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 men of Caunterbury/ & bena● them that worship/ & worshipped Adulphe bishop of Lychfeld with the arch●bisshops pall by assent of Adrian the pope upon case by gifts sent. Nevertheless under Kenulphe the king it was restored to Caunterbury again. The worship of the see of york hath dured there always & yet dureth/ though Scotlond be withdrawn fro his subjection by passing of tyme. ¶ Gir. in it inere li. i The archbishops see was turned out of Caerleon i to Meneuia/ that is in the west side of Demi●i● upon the irish see in saint david's time under king Arthur. From saint david's time unto sampson's time were in Meneuia xxiij archbishops. Afterward fell a pestilence in all Wales of the yellow evil/ that is called the jaundys And than Sampson the archbishop took with him the pall & went in to britain Armonica the less britain/ & was there bishop of Dolensis/ from the time unto the first Hentyes' time king of England were at Meneuia which is called saint David's xxi bishops all without pall/ whether it were for uncunning or for poverty. Nevertheless always fro the time the bishops of Wales were satted of the bishop of Meneuia of saint Druids/ & the bishop of Meneuia was sacred of the bishops of Wales as of his suffrigans & made no ꝓfessyon ne subjection to none other church. Other bishops that came afterward were sacred at Caunterbury by compelling & heest of the king/ in token of the sacring & subjection/ Boniface archbishop of Caunterbury that was legate of the Cross song in every Cathedral church of Wales solemnly. Amas he was the first arch●bisshop of Caunterbury that so did in Wales/ & that was done in the second Henry's tyme. ¶ 〈◊〉. But now been but two primates in all England/ of Caunterbury & of York. To the primate of Caunterbury been subject xiij bishops in England and four in wales The primate of york hath but two suffragans in England/ that been the bishops of Caer●●yl & of Durham. Of all these sees and changing of their places I shall show you here following. Take heed in the beginning of holy church in england bishops ordained their sees in low places & simple that were ●ou●nable for con templacyon/ for prayers & devotion. But in William conquerors time by doom of law canon it was ordained that bishops 〈◊〉 come out of small towns in to great ●tees/ therefore was the see of Dorchestre changed to Lyncolne. Lychfelde to Chestre. Tetford to Norwiche. Shyr borne to Salysbury. Welles to Bathe. cornwall to Excestre/ and Selesey to Chychestre. The bishop of Rochestre hath no parish/ but he is the archbishops chapelayn of Caunterbury. Sith the see of Ca 〈…〉 erbury was first ordained by saint Austin/ it changed yet never his place. chichester hath under him only Sussex & y● yle of wight/ & had his see first in Selesey in the time of the archbishop Theodore/ & the see dured there ccc xxxiii year under twenty bishops fro the first Wilfrede unto the last Stygande at the commandment of king William conqueror changed the see fro Selesey to chichester.   

¶ D● episcopis occidentalibꝰ. Wilhelmus  
Have mind that all the province of westsaxon had always one bishop fro the beginning unto Theodorus time by grant of king I 〈…〉 king of westsaxon the first Birinus ord●yned a see at Dorchestre that is a simple town by south Oxford beside Walyngford between the meeting together of temse and Came. When Birinus was deed/ kenwaltus the king ordained a see at Wynchestre as his ●aber had putposed/ there Agylbert a Fre 〈…〉 sshmen was first bishop of all the province of westsaxon/ fro the time thecite & the see of Dorchestre p●●●eyned to the province of Mercia/ the cite standeth within Temse/ & the Temse departeth between Mercia & westsaxon. After that Agilbert was put out of Wynchestre/ that though height Wynton/ than was there an english bishop that was calle● Wine. Some men suppose that this cite hath the name of this Wine/ and is called Wynchestre/ as it were wine cite. At the last he was put out/ & after him came Leutherius the foresaid Ag●●berts nephew. After Leuthertus Hedda a while was bishop there/ when he was deed Theodorus the archbishop ordained two bishops to the province of westsaxon. D 〈…〉 at wynchestre/ to him were subgect two coūt●●●s Southery & Southamshyre/ & to him were subject vi ●ountrees/ Barkshyre/ wylshyre/ Somerset/ dorsetshire/ D●● venshyre & cornwall. ¶ 〈◊〉. It seemeth by this that westsaxon con●●yned Southery/ Southamshyre/ Dor●●●shyre/ devonshire/ & cornwall. ¶ W 〈…〉 hell. Afterward in elder Edward's time to these two sees were ordained by commandment of Formosus the pope three other sees/ at wells for Somerset/ at kyrton for devonshire/ & at saint german for cornwall. Not long afterward the sixth see was set at 〈…〉 bury for wilshire. At the last by commandment of king William conqueror all these sees (sau● wynchestre) were turned & changed out of small towns in to great cities/ for Shyrborne and Kammesbury were turned in to Salysbury. Now to that see is subgecte Barkshyre/ wylshyre & Dorset The see of wells was turned to Bathe thereto is now subgecte all Summer's 〈…〉. The sees of Kyrton and of cornwall 〈◊〉 changed to Excestre/ thereto is sub 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 & cornwall.   

¶ De orientalibus episcopis.  
IT it known that the erst Saxons always fro the beginning to now were subject to the bishop of London But the province of ●●st Angles that containeth Norfolk and Suffolk had one bishop at Donwyk/ the bishop height Felix/ & was of Bu●goyne/ & was bishop xvij year. After him Thomas was bishop .v. year/ after him Boniface. xvi●. year. Than Bysy afterward was ordained by Theodorus/ & ruled the province while he might endure by himself alone After him unto Egbertes time king of Westsaxon an. C xliij two bishops ruled that province/ one at Donwyk/ & an other at Elyngham. Nevertheless after Ludecans time king of Mercia left and was only one see at Elyngham unto the fifth year of William conqueror when Herfastus the▪ twenty-three. bishop of the estrene changed his see to Tetford/ and his successor Herbertus changed the see fro Tetford to Norwytche/ by the leave of king William the reed. The see of Ely that is nigh thereto the first king Henry ordained the ix year of his regne and made subject thereto cambridge shire/ that was tofore a part of the by●shopryche of Lyncolne/ and for ●uytyng thereof he gave to the bishop of Lyncolne a good town called Spalding.   

¶ De episcopis Mertiorum. Wilhelmus.  
HEre take heed y● as the kingdom of Mercia was always greatest for the time/ so it was dealed in moo bishop tyches/ and specially by great heart by king Offa/ which was xl year king of Mercia/ he changed the a●chebysshops see fro Caunterbury to Lythfelde by ass●●t of Adryan the pept. Than th● pro 〈◊〉 of Mercia and of Linde●●at in the first beginning of their 〈◊〉 in king wulfrans time had one bishop of lichfield/ the first bishop that was there height Dwyn●/ the second hight Celath/ & were both Scots/ after them the third Trumphere/ the fourth jarmuanus'/ the fifth Chedde. But in Edelfredes time that was Wulfrans' brother when Chedde was deed/ Theodorus the archbishop ordained there wynfrede Cheddes deken. Nevertheless apud Hyndon after that for he was unbuxom in some point/ he ordained there Sexwulf abbot of Medamstede that is named Burgh. But after Sex wulfes fourth year/ Th 〈…〉 us the archbishop ordained .v. bishops in the province of Mercia/ & so he ordained Bosell at Worcestre/ Cudwyn at lichfield/ the foresaid Sexwulfe at ●hestre/ Edelwyn at lindsay at the cite Sidenia: & he to●● EWord● m●nke of the abbey of held a● whythy and made him bishop of Dorchestre ●e side Oxford. though height this Dorchestre Dorking/ & sh the sce of that longed to westsaxon/ in saint Birynes' time longed to Mercia from Th●●●orus the archebisshops' time Ethelred king of Mercia had destroyed kent/ this bishop Sex●wulfe took Pirtas bishop of Rochestre that came out of Kent & made him first bishop of Herford. At the last when Sexwulfe was deed Hedda was bishop of lichfield after h 〈…〉 wylfred flemed out of Northumberlond was bishop of Chestre/ neverthe ●es after two year Alfred king of North● berloude died & wylfred turned again to his own see Hagustalden/ & so Hedda held both the bysshopriches of Lichfelde & Ehestre. After h● came Albyn that height wor●lso/ & after ●ȳ came three bishops. Tortant Chestre/ witta at lichfield/ & Eata was yet at dorchestre. A●● his ●eth bishops of Lyndsey held his see ccc ●●iij year unto ●emigius changed the see to Lyncoln by leave of the first king william. But in ●ogars time bishop Leofwinus wyned both bisshopryches together of Chestre & Lyndeffar while his life endured.   

¶ De episcopis Northumbranis. Withel. de 'pon li ca. xj  
AT York was one see for all the province of Northumberlo●de. Paulmus held first the see/ & was ordained of the bishop of Caunterbury/ & held that see of York vii year. afterward when king Edwin was slain & things were dystroubled/ Paulinus wet away thence by water in to Kent from whence he came first/ & ●oke with him the pall. ¶ Withel li iii And so the bishop rich of york ceased xxx year/ & the use of the pall ceased there an. C xxv year/ un to that Egbert the bishop that was the kings brother of the land recovered it by aucto rice of the pope. ¶ 〈◊〉. When saint Oswold reigned Aydanus a Scatte was bishop in Brenicia/ that is y● north side of Northumberloude/ after him Finiauus/ after him Salmanus. ¶ Wilhel. ubi s●. At the last he went in to scotland with great indignation/ for wilfred undertook him/ for he held unlawfully easter day xxx year After that Pa〈…〉 is was gone from thence Wylfrede was made bishop of york. ¶ Beda li. four But while he dwelled long in France about his sacring at exciting of qua 〈…〉/y● were they that held ●●ster day the xiiii day of the moan. Chedde was taken out of his abbey of Listing & wrongfully put out into the see of york by assent of king Oswy. But three year afterward Theoderus the arch bishop did him away/ & assigned by to the ●uynce of Mercia/ & restored will frede to y● s 〈…〉 york. But after because of wrath that was between him & the king Egfryde was put out of the see by Theodorus help the archbishop/ that was corrupt with some manner meed/ this was done after that wilfred had be● bishop of york/ & Cumbert at Hagustalde chie ●he/ & Eata at Lyndeffat church/ that now is called holy island in the river of tweed Aydanus found first y● see. And Theodo rus made Eadhedus bishop of Repoun that was comen again out of lindsay Wilfred had been abbot of Repoun. Theodorus sent Trunwynus to the land of Pictes in the ends of England fast by Scotland in a place that height Candida ●a sa/ & whyterne also/ there saint Hu●an a Bryton was first founder and doctor. But all these sees outtake york failed little 〈◊〉 little/ for the see of Cand●o● ca●a/y● is Galleway that though longed to england & dured many years under ten bishops unto that it had no power by destroying of the Pictes. The sees of Hagustaide & of Lyndeffar was sometime all one under ix. bishops about. lxxxx. year/ & durrd unto the coming of the Danes. In that time under Hyngar & Hubba Ardu● the bishop went long about with sayne Cutbertes body unto king Aluredes time king of westsaxon/ & the see of Lyn deffar was set at Kunegestre that is called Kunyngy sourgh also/ that place is called now Vbbesford upon swede. At the last the xvii year of king Egberr king Edgar's son/ that see was changed to Dutham/ & saint Cutbertes body was brought thither by the doing of Edmond the bishop/ & fro the time forward the sees of Hagustalde & Lyndeffar failed utterly. The first king Henry in the ix year of his regne made the new see at caerleil. The arch byssop of Caunterbury hath under him xiii bishops in England/ & four in wales/ he hath Rochestre under him/ & the see hath under by a part in Kent alone. London hath under him Essex/ Myddelsex a half Act fordshyre. Chychestre hath under him Southse/ and the isle of wight. Wynchestre hath under him hamshire & Southery. Salysbury hath under h● Barkshyre/ wilshire/ Dorset. Ex 〈…〉 re hath under him devonshire & cornwall. Both hath under him Somerletshyre alone. Wortestre hath under him Glocestreshyre/ Worcestreshyre/ & half Warwykshyre. Herford hath under him Herfordshire & some of shropshire. Chestre is bishop of Coventre & of lichfield/ & hath under him Chestreshyre/ staffordshire/ Derbyshyre/ half Warwykshyre/ and some of shropshire/ & some of Lancastreshyre fro the river of Mersee unto the river Rypyll. Lyncolne hath under him the provinces that been between Temse & Humber that been the shires of Lyncolne/ of leicester/ of Northampton/ of Hunt yngdon/ of Bedford/ of Bokyngham/ of Oxforde and half Herfordshyre. ●ly hath under him Cambrydgshyre outtake Merlonde. Norwyche hath under him Merlonde/ Norfolk & Suffolk. Also the archcbysshop of Caunterbury hath four suffrigans in wales that been Landaf/ saint Davies Bangor/ & saint 〈…〉 aph. The archbishop of york hath now but two bishops under him/ that is Durham & caerleil. ¶ 〈◊〉. And so been but two primates in England/ what of them shall do to the other/ & in what mener point he shall be obedient & under him/ it is fully contained within about the year of our lord god M lxxij tofore the first king William & the bishops of England by commandment of the pope the cause was handled & treated between the foresaid primates & ordained & deemed that the primate of York shall be subgecte to the primate of Caunterbury in things that l●ngen to the worship of god & to y●●yleue of holy church/ so that in what place so ever it be in England that the primate of Caunterbury 〈◊〉 hold & constrain to gather a counsel of clergy the pry●●ate of York is holden with his suffrygans for to be there & for to be obedient to the ordinance that there shall be lawfully ordained. When the primate of Caunterbury 〈◊〉 deed/ the primate of York shall come to Caunterbury and with other bishops he shall sacre him that is chosen/ & so with other bishops he shall sa●●e his own primate. If the primate of York be deed/ his successor shall come unto the bishop of Caunterbury/ & he shall take his ordinance of him & take his oath with possession & lawful obedience. After about the year of our lord xi C. lxxxxv. in y● t 〈…〉 of king richard been reasons set for the right party for either primate/ & what one primate did to that other in time of Thurstinus of Thomas and of other bishops of York from the conquest unto king Henry's time the third. Also there it is said how each of them start from other. This place is but a forspeking & not a full treatise thereof/ therefore it were noyful to charge this place with all such reasons.   

¶ Of how many manner of people have dwelled therein. Ca. xiiij  
BRitons dwelled first in this island the xviij year of Hely the prophet the xj year of Solinus postamus king of Latyns xiiij year after the taking of Troy/ tofore the building of Rome. 〈…〉 c xxij year. ¶ 〈◊〉. They came hither & took their 〈◊〉 from Armonyk that now is that other britain/ they held long time the s 〈…〉 countries of y● 〈◊〉. It befell afterward in raspa 〈◊〉 time duke of Rome/ that the P●etes shipped out of 〈◊〉 in to 〈◊〉/ and were driven about w 〈…〉 wind/ & entered in to the north co 〈…〉 of ireland/ and found there S●●ttes/ & prayed them to have a place to dwell in/ and might ●one get. For ireland as Scots said might not sustain both people. Scots scent the Pictes to the north side of england & behyght them help against the Brytons that were their enemies/ if they would arise/ & took them wives of their daughters/ upon such condition if doubt fell/ who should have right to be king/ they should rather choose him of the moders side than of the faders side/ of the women kin rather than of the men kin. ¶ Gaufre. In vespasian the emperors time when Marius arviragus son was king of Brytons/ one Rodryk king of Pictes came out of Scicia & began to destroy scotland. Marius the king slew this Rodryk/ & gave the north party of scotland that hight Cathenesia to the men that were come with Rodryk & were overcome by him/ for to dwell in But these men had no wives/ ne none might have of the nation of Britons/ there fore they sailed in to ireland/ & took to their wives irish men's daughters by the covenant that the moders blood should be put tofore in succession of heritage. ¶ Gir. ca. xvij Nevertheless Sirinus super Virgiliunsayth the Picts agatirses that had some dwelling place about the waters of Scicia/ & they been called Pictes of painting & smiting of wounds/ therefore they are called Pictes as painted men. These men and these goths been all one people. For when Maximus the tyrant was gone out of britain in to France for to occupy the empire. Than Gracianus and Valentinianus that were brethren & fellows of the empire brought these goths out of Scicia with great gifts/ with flattering & fair behests in to the north country of britain. For they were stalworth & strong men of arms. And so these thieves and brybouts were made men of land & of country & dwelled in the north country/ & held there cities & towns. ¶ Gaufre. Carancius the tyrant slew Bassianus/ and gave the Pictes a dwelling place in Albama that is scotland/ there they dwelled long time afterward & meddled with Brytons. ¶ 〈◊〉. Than sith the Pictes occupied first the north side of scotland/ it seemeth that the dwelling place that this Carancius gave them is the south side of scotland/ that stretcheth from the thwart over wall of romans work to the scottish see/ and containeth Galleway and Lodovia that is Lodeway. ¶ Therefore Bede 〈…〉 three ca. two speaketh in this manner. N●●an the holy man converted the south Pictes. Afterward the Saxons came & made the country long to Brenicia the north party of Northumberlonde/ unto the time that Kynadius Alpinus son king of scotland put out the Picts/ & made the country that lieth between tweed & the scottish see long to his kingdom. ¶ Beda li. i ca. i afterward long time the Scots were led by duke Renda/ & came out of ireland that is the proper country of Scots/ & with love or with strength made them a place fast by the Pieces in the north side of the arm of the see that breaketh in to the land in the west side/ that departed in old time between Britons & Pictes. Of this duke Renda the Scots had the name & were called Dalrendinus/ as it were Rendaes' part/ for in their speech a part is called dal. ¶ Gir. pri. The Pictes might have no wives of Brytons/ but they took them wives of Iryssh Scots/ and promised them fair for to dwell with them/ & granted them a land by the see side/ there the see is narrow. That land is now called Galleway. Marianus. irish Scots landed at Argall that is Scots cliff for Scots landed there for to do harm to the Britons/ or for the place is next to Irlond for to come a land in britain. ¶ Beda. And so the Scots after the Britons & Pictes made the third people dwelling in britain. ¶ R. Than after that came the Saxons at the praying of the Brytons to help them against the Scots & Pictes. And the Britons were soon put out in to wales/ & Saxons occupied the land little & little/ & eft more to the scottish see And so Saxons made the fourth manner of men in the island of britain. ¶ Beda lib. v. ca. ix For Saxons & Angles came out of Germania/ yet some Britons that dwell nigh call them shortly germans ¶ R. Nevertheless about the year of our lord. viij. C. Egbartus king of Westsaxon commanded & bade all men call the men of the land englishmen. ¶ Alfre. Than after that the Danes pursued the land about a. ij. C. year/ that is to say/ fro the foresaid Edbartus time unto saint Edward's time/ & made the fifth manner of people in the island/ but they failed after ward. At the last came Normans unto duke William & subdued englishmen & yet keep they the land/ & they made the sixth people in the island. But in the first king Henry's time came many flemings & received a dwelling place for a time beside Maylros in the west side of England/ & made the seventh people in the island. Nevertheless by commandment of the same king they were put thence & driven to Haverfordes' side in the west side of wales. ¶ R. And so now in britain Danes & Pictes fail all out/ and five nations dwell therein/ that been Scots in Albania/ that is scotland. britain in Cambria/ that is Wales/ but that flemings dwell in/ that is west Wales. And Normans & englishmen been meddled in all the ylonde/ for it is now doubt in stories how and in what manner they were put away & destroyed out of britain. Now it is to declare how the Picts were destroyed & failed. ¶ Gir i ca. vij britain was sometime occupied with Saxons/ & peas was made & stablished with the Picts/ than the Scots that came with the Pictes saw that the Pictes were nobler of deeds and better men of arms though they were less in number than the Scots. Than the Scots having thereof envy turned to their natural treason that they have oft used. For in treason they pass other men/ & been traitors as it were by kind/ for they prayed all the Pictes/ & specially the greatest of them to a feast/ & waited their time when the Pictes were merry and had well drunk they drew up nails that held up hollow benches under the Pictes/ & the Pictes unware suddenly fell in over the hams in to a wonderful pitfall. Than the Scots fell on the Picts & slew them/ & left none alive. And so of two manner people the better warryours were all destroyed But the other that been the Scots which been traitors all unlike to the Picts took perfect by that falls treason/ for they took all that land/ and hold it yet unto this time/ & call it Scotland after their own name. In king Edgarus time Kynadius Alpinus son was duke & 〈◊〉 der of the Scots/ and warred in pict land & destroyed the Pictes. He warred two times in Saxon/ & took all the land that is between tweed & the scottish see with wrong & with strength.   

¶ Of the languages/ of manners & usage of the people of that land. Ca. xu  
AS it is known how many manner of people been in this island there been also so many languages and tongues. Nevertheless W 〈…〉 n and Scots that been not meddled with other nations keep yet their language & speech. But yet the Scots that were sometime confederate and dwelled with Pictes draw somewhat after their speech. But the flemings that dwell in the west side of Wales have left their strange speech & speak like to saxons. Also Englishmen though they had fro the beginning three manner of speeches/ southern northern/ & middle speech in the middle of the land/ as they come of three manner of people of Germania. Nevertheless by commixtion & meddling first with Danes & afterward with Normans/ in many things the country language is appaired/ for some use strange wlaffing/ chytering harring/ garring & grysbyting. This appayring of the language cometh of two things. One because the children y● go to school learn to speak first english/ & than been compelled to construe their lessons in french/ & that hath been used sith the Normans came in to England. Also gentlemen's children been learned & taught from their youth to speak french/ & uplondisshmen will counterfeit & liken themself to gentlemen/ and are busy to speak french for to be more set by/ wherefore it is said by a common proverb. jacke would be a gentleman if he could speak french ¶ Treuisa. This was much used tofore the great death/ but sith it is somedeal changed/ for sir john cornwall a master of grammar changed the teaching of grammar school & construction of french in to english. And other school masters use the same way now/ in the year of our lord. M. CCC lxxxv. the ix year of king Richard the second/ & leave all french in scoles & use all construction in english wherein they have advantage one way/ that is that they learn the sooner their grammar/ & in an other disavauntage/ for now they learn no french/ nor can none/ which is hurt to them that shall pass the see. And also gentlemen have much left to teach their children to speak french. ¶ R. It seemeth a great wonder the englishmen have so great diversity in their own language in sown & in speaking of it/ which is all in one island. And the language of Normandy is comen out of an other land/ & hath one manner sown among all other the speak it in England/ for a man of kent/ southern/ western & northern men speak french all like in sown & speech/ but they can not speak their english so. ¶ Treuisa. Nevertheless there been as many divers manner of french in the realm of France/ as divers english in the realm of England. ¶ R. Also of the foresaid tongue which is departed in three is great wonder/ for men of the east with men of the west accord better in swooning of their speech than men of the north with men of the south. Therefore it is that men of merc 〈…〉 that been of middle England as it were partners with the ends/ understand better the side languages northern & southern than northern & southern understand either other. ¶ Wilhel. de 'pon li 〈◊〉. All the language of the northumbres & specially at York is so sharp shyteing/ fro●●yng & unshappe/ that we southern men may uneath understand the language. I suppose the cause be that they be nigh to the aliens the speak strangely. Also the kings of England abide & dwell more in the south country than in the north country/ because there is better corn land/ more people/ more noble cities/ & more profitable havens in the south country than in the north country.   

¶ De gentis huius moribus. Gir. in 〈…〉 ere.  
FOr the manners & doing of walssh men & of Scots been tofore somewhat declared. Now I purpose to tell & declare the conditions of the middle people of England. But the flemings that been in the west side of Wales been now all turned as they were englishmen/ because they company with englishmen. And they be mighty & strong to fight/ and been the most enemies that Walshmen have/ and use marcha●dyse & clothing & been full ready to put themself in adventures & to peril in the see & land because of great winning/ & been ready sometime to the plough/ & sometime to deeds of arms when time and place aseth. It seemeth of these men a great wonder that in a bone of a wethers right shoulder when the flesh is sudden away and not roasted they know what hath be done/ is done and shall be done/ as it were by spirit of propheeye & wonderful craft. They tell what is done in far countries/ tokens of peace or of war/ the state of the realm/ slaying of men & spousebreche/ such things they declare ●●rtayne of tokens & signs that is in such a shoulder bone. ¶ R. But the Englishmen that dwell in england been meddled in the island and been far from the places that they sprung of first turn to the contrary deeds lightly without enticing of any other men by their own assent. And uneasy also unpatient of peace/ enemies of business/ and full of sloth. ¶ Wilhel. de 'pon li three saith. That when they have destroyed their enemies all to the ground than they fight with themself and slay each other/ as a void and an empty sto make worketh in itself. ¶ R. Nevertheless men of the south been easier & more mild than men of the north. For they be more unstable/ more cruel/ and more uneasy. The middle men been partners with both. Also they use them to gluttony more than other men/ & been more costlewe in meet & clothing. Men suppose that they took that vice of king Hardyknoght that was a Dane. For he bad set forth twyes double mess at dinner & at souper also. These men been speedful on horse & a foot/ able & ready to all manner deeds of 〈…〉 s/ & been wont to have victory and mastery in every fight where no treason is walking/ and been curious & can well tell deeds & wonders that they have seen. And they go in divers lands/ uneath been any men rich in their own land or more gracious in far and in strange land/ they can better win & get new than keep their own heritage. Therefore it is that they be spread so wide/ & ween that every land is their own. The men been able to all manner of sleight & wit/ but tofore the deed blondering & hasty/ & more wise after the deed than tofore/ & leave of lightly what they have begun. ¶ Solinus li. uj Therefore Eugenius the pope said/ that englishmen were able to do what ever they would/ & to be set & put tofore all other/ ne were that light wit letteth. And as Hanyball said that the romans might not be overcomen but in their own country so Englishmen may not be overcomen in strange lands/ but in their own country they be lightly overcomen. ¶ R. These men despise their own & praise other men/ & uneath be pleased with their own estate/ what befalleth other men that they will gladly take to themself. Therefore it is that a yeoman arrayeth him as a squire a squire as a knight/ a knight as a duke/ a duke as a king. Yet some go about & will be like to all manner state & be in no state/ for they take every degree that be of no degree/ for in bearing outward they be mine strels & herawdes/ in talking great spekers/ in eting & drinking gluttons/ in gathering of cattles hucksters & taverners/ in array tormentors/ in wynnynges Argi/ in travail Tan●ali/ in taking heed Dedali/ in beds Sardanapali/ in churches mammets/ in courts thunder only/ in ꝑuylege of clergy & in prebends they knowledge themselves clerks. ¶ Treuisa. As touching the terms of latin/ as Argi/ Tantali/ Dedali/ Sardinapali/ ye must understand them as the poetes feigned of them. Argus was an herd and kept beasts/ he had an hundred eyen/ & Argus was also a ship/ a shipman/ & a chapman/ & so Argus might see before and behind & on every side. Therefore he that is wise & ware & can see that he be not deceived/ may be called Argus. And so the chronicle saith in plural number the englishmen been Argi/ that is to say/ they see about where as winning is. That other word Tantali/ the poet feigneth that Tantalus slew his own son/ wherefore he is dampened to perpetual penance/ and he standeth alway in water up to the nether lip/ & hath alway ripe apples & noble fruit hanging down to the over lip. But the fruit nor the water may not come within his mouth. He is so holden & standeth between meet & drink/ and may neither eat nor drink/ & is ever an hungered and a thirst/ that woe is him alive by this manner likeness of Tantalus/ they that do right nought there as is moche to do in every side been called Tantali. It seemeth that it is to say in travail they be Tantali/ for they do right nought thereto. The third word is Dedali/ take heed that Dedalus was a subtle and a sly man. And therefore by likeness they that been subtle and sly/ they been called Dedali. And the fourth word is Sardanapali/ ye shall understand that Sardanapalus was king of Assyryens/ and was full unchaste/ & used him for to lie soft. And by a manner of likeness of him they that live unchastely been called Sardanapali. ¶ R. But among all englishmen meddled togethers is so great a changing & diversity of clothing & of array and so many manners & divers shapes that well nigh is there any man known by his clothing and his array of what somever degree that he be. Thereof prophesied an holy Anchor in ●ynge Egelfredes time in this manner. Hen●i li uj englishmen for as much as they use them to dronklewnes/ to treason/ & to retchlessness of gods ●ous/ first by Danes/ & than by Normans/ & at the third time by the Scots that they hold the most wretchest and least worth of all other they shall be overcomen. Than the world shall be so unstable & so divers & variable that the unstableness of thoughts shall be betokened by many manner diversities of clothing.  
¶ Here followeth the description of the land of Wales.   

¶ Of the land of Wales. Ca. xuj  

NOw this book taketh in hand  
Wales after England  
So take I my tales  
And wend in to Wales  
To that noble flood  
Of Priamus' blood  
Knowledge for to win  
Of great Jupiter'S kin  
For to have in mind  
Dardanus kind  
In these four titles I fond  
To tell the state of that land  
Cause of the men I shall ●ell  
And than praise the land and well  
Than I shall write with my pen  
All the manners of the men  
Than I shall fo●de  
To tell marvels of the land.    

¶ Of the name/ and wherefore it is named Wales. Ca xvi●.  

WAles now is called Wallia  
And sometime it height Cambria  
For Camber Bru●es son  
Was prince/ and there did won  
Than Wallia was to me●e  
For Gwalaes' the queen  
King Ebrancus child  
Was wedded thither mild  
And of that lord Gwalon  
Withdraweth of the sound  
And put to l i a.  
And thou shalt find Wallia  
And though this land  
Be moche less than England  
As good glebe is one as other  
In the daughter as in the mother.    

¶ Of the commodities of the land of Wales. Ca. xviij  

●Hough that land be light  
It is full of corn and of fruit  
And hath great plenty iwies  
Of flesh and e●e of fish  
Of beasts tame and wild  
Of horse sheep oxen mild  
Good land for all sedes  
For corn grass and herbs that spreads  
There been woods and medes  
Herbs and flowers there spreads  
There been rivers and wells  
Valleys and also hills  
Valleys bring forth flood  
And hills metals good  
cool groweth under land  
And grass above at hand  
There lime is copious  
And s●lattes for house  
honey and milk white  
There is dainty and not light  
Of braket meet and ale  
Is great plenty in that vale  
And all that needeth to the live  
That land bringeth forth rive  
But of great richesse to be draw  
And close many in short saw  
It is a corner small  
As though god first of all  
Made that land so feel  
To be seler of all hele  
Wales is dealed by  
A water that height Twy  
North wales from the south  
Twy dealeth in places full couth  
The south height Demicia  
And the other Venedocia  
The first shooteth and arrows bears  
That other dealeth all with spears  
In Wales how it be  
Were sometime courts three  
At Carmarthyn was that one  
And that other was in Mon  
The third was in Powysy  
In Pegwern that now is Shrowesbury  
There were bishops seven  
And now been four even  
Under Saxons all at hand  
Sometime under princes of that land.    

¶ Of the manners and rights of the welshmen. Ca. xix  

●He manner living of that land  
Is well divers from England  
In meet and drink and clothing  
And many other doing  
They been clothed wonders well  
In a shirt and in a mantel  
A crisp breach well fain  
Both in wind and in rain  
In this clothing they be bold  
Though the weather be right cold  
Without sheets alway  
Evermore in this array  
They go fight play and leap  
Stand sit lie and sleep  
Without surcot gown cote and kirtle  
Without iopen tabbard cloak or bell  
Without lace & chaplet that their laps  
Without hood hat or caps  
Thus arrayed gone the sedges  
And alway with bare legs  
They keep none other going  
Though they meet with the king  
With arrows and short spears  
They fight with them that them deres  
They fight better if they need  
When they go than when they ride  
In stead of castle and tour  
They take woods & mareys for succour  
When they seen it is to do  
In fighting they would be a go  
Gyldas saith they been variable  
In peace and not stable  
If men ask why it be  
It is no wonder for to see  
Though men put out of land  
To put out other would fond  
But all for nought at this stound  
For all many woods been at ground  
And put the see among  
Ben castles builded strong  
The men may dure long un eat  
And love well commune meet  
They can eat and be mury  
Without great cury  
They eat breed cold and hot  
Of barley and of oat  
Brode cakes round and thin  
As well seemeth so great kin  
S●●de they eat breed of wheat  
And seld they done ones eat  
They have gruel to pottage  
And lekes kind to companage  
Also butter milk and cheese  
yshape endlong and corner wese  
Such messes they eat snell  
And that maketh them drink well  
Meet and ale that hath might  
thereon they spend day and night  
Ever the reder is the wine  
They hold it the more fine  
When they drink at the ale  
They tell many a lewd tale  
For when drink is in handling  
They been full of jangling  
At meet and after ●ke  
Their solace is salt and leek  
The husband in his wise  
Telleth that a great prise  
To give a cauldron with growese  
To them that sit at his meal  
He dealeth his meet at meal  
And giveth every man his deal  
And all the over pluse  
He keepeth to his own use  
Therefore they have woe  
And mishaps also  
They eat hot salmon always  
All though physyke say nay  
Their houses been low with all  
And made of yerdes' small  
Not as in cities nigh  
But far asunder and not to high  
When all is eaten at home  
Than to their neighbours will they come  
And eat what they may find & see  
And than return home aye  
The life is idle that they ledes  
In brenning sleeping & such deeds  
welshmen use with their might  
To wash their guests feet a night  
If he wash their feet all and some  
Than they know that they be welcome  
They live so easily in a rout  
That selden they bear purse about  
At their breach out and home  
They hang their money and comb●  
It is wonder they be so hende  
And hate crack at nether end  
And without any core  
Make their wardrobe at the door  
They have in great mangery  
Harp/ tabor & pipe for mynstralsy  
They bear corpse with sorrows great  
And blow loud horns of ghete  
They praise fast Trojan blood  
For thereof came all their broad  
nigh kin they will be  
Though they pass an hond●ed degr●  
Above other men they will them dight  
And worship priests with their might  
As angels of heaven right  
They worship servants of god almight  
Oft guiled was this broad  
And yearned battle all for wood  
For Merlyns prophecy  
And oft for sortylegye  
Best in manners of Brytons  
For company of Saxons  
Ben turned to better right  
That is known as clear as light  
They till gardyns' field and towns  
And draw them to good towns  
They ride armed as would god  
And go yhosed and yshodde  
And sit fair at their meal  
And sleep in beds fair and we'll  
So they seem now in mind  
More englishmen than walsshe kind  
If men axe why they now do so  
More than they be wont to do  
They lyven in more pees  
Because of their riches  
For their cattles should slake  
If they used oft wreck  
dread of loss of their good  
Make them now still of mode  
All in one it is brought  
Have nothing and dread nought  
The poet saith a saw of proof  
The foot man singeth to fore the thief  
And is bolder on the way  
Than the horse man rich and gay    

¶ Of the marvels and wonders of Wales. Ca. twenty  

THere is a pole at Brechnok  
Therein of fish is many a flock  
Oft he changeth his hew on cop  
And beareth above a garden crop  
Oft time how it be  
Shape of house there shalt thou see  
When the pole is frore it is wonder  
Of the noise that is there under  
If the prince of the land hot  
Birds sing well merry note  
As merrily as they can  
And singen for none other man  
Besides Caerleen  
Two mile fro the town  
Is a roche well bright of leem  
Right against the son beem  
Goldelyf that roche height  
For it shineth as gold full bright  
Such a flower in stone is nought  
Without fruit if it were sought  
If men could by craft undo  
The veins of the earth & come thereto  
Many benefice of kind  
Ben now hid fro man's mind  
And been unknown yet  
For default of man's wit  
great treasure is hid in ground  
And after this it shall be found  
By great study and business  
Of them that come after us  
That old men had by great need  
We have by busy deed.   

¶ Treuisa.  
In books ye may read  
That kind faileth not at need  
When no man had craft in mind  
Than of craft halpe god and kind  
When no teacher was in land  
Men of craft by god's hand  
They that had craft so then  
Taught forth craft to other men  
Some craft that came not yet in place  
Some men shall have by gods grace   

¶ R. An island is with noise & strife  
In west wales at Kardyfe  
Fast by Severn strand  
Barry height that island  
In the hither side in a chene  
Shalt thou here wonder dene  
And diverse noise also  
If thou put thine ear to  
Noise of leaves and of wind  
Noise of metals thou shalt find  
Froting of iron & whetstones y● shalt here  
heating of ovens than with fire  
All this may well be  
By wawes of the see  
That breaketh in there  
With such noise and fare  
At Penbroke in a stead  
fiends do oft quede  
And throweth foul things inn  
And despiseth also sin  
Neither craft ne beads may  
Do thence that sorrow away  
When it grieveth so  
To the men it bodeth woe  
At Crucynar in west wales  
Is a wonders buryales  
Every man that cometh it to see  
Seemeth it even as much as he  
Hole weepen there a night  
Shall be broken or day light  
At Nemyn in north wales  
A lytell island there is  
That is called Bardysay  
Monks dwell there always  
Men live so long in that hur'st  
That the oldest dieth furst  
Men say that Merlin there buried is  
That height also Silvestris  
There were Merlyns twain  
And prophesied beyne  
One height Ambrose and Merlin  
And was gotten by a goblin  
In Demicia at Carmarthyn  
Under king Vortygeryn  
He told his prophecy  
Even in Snowdonye  
At the heed of the water of Coneway  
In the side of mount dryry  
Dynas' embreys in welsh  
Ambrose hill in english  
King Vortyger sat on  
The water side and was full of won  
Than Ambrose Me●lyn proph●eyed  
To fore him right though   

¶ Treuisa.  
What wythe would ween  
That a fiend might get a child  
Some men would ween  
That he may no such work weld  
That fiend that goth a night  
Women full oft to guile  
Incubus is named by right  
And gyleth men otherwhile  
Succubus is that wight  
God grant us none such vile  
Who that cometh in her guile  
Wonders hap shall he smile  
With wonders deed  
Both men and women seed  
fiends will keep  
With craft and bring an heap  
So fiends wild  
May make women bear child  
Yet never in mind  
Was child of fiends kind  
For without eye  
There might no such child die  
Clergy maketh mind  
Death sleeth no fiends kind  
But death slew Merlin  
Merlin was ergo no goblin  
Another Merlin of Albyn land  
That now is named scotland  
And he had names two  
Silvestris and Calidonius also  
Of that wood Calidony●  
For there he told his prophecy  
And height Silvestris as well  
For when he was in battle  
And saw above a grisly kind  
And fell anon out of his mind  
And made no more abode  
But ran anon unto the wood   

¶ Treuisa.  
Silvestris is wood  
Other wild of mode  
Other else  
That at the wooed he dwells   

¶ R.  
Silvestris Merly●e  
Told prophecy well and fine  
And prophesied well sure  
Under king Arthure  
Openly and not so close  
As Merlin Ambrose  
There been hills in snowdonye  
That been wonderful high  
With height as great a way  
As a man may go a day  
And height eryty in welsh  
Snowy hills in english  
In these hills there is  
Leese enough for all beasts of walis  
These hills on top bears  
Two great fish wears  
Contained in that one pond  
moveth with the wind an island  
As though it did swim  
And nigheth to the brymine  
So that herds have great wonder  
And ween that the world moveth under  
In that other is perch and fish  
Every one eyed is  
So fareth all well  
In Albama the mylwell  
In Rutlonde by Tetynwell  
There is a little well  
That floweth not alway  
As the see twice a day  
But sometime it is dry  
And sometime full by the eye  
There is in northwallia  
In Mon that height Anglesia  
A stone according well nigh  
As it were a man's thigh  
How far ever that stone  
Be borne of any money  
On night it gooth home his way  
That he found by assay  
Hugh thereto of Shrowesbury  
In time of the first Henry  
For he would the sooth find  
That stone to another he 'gan bind  
With great chains of iron  
And threw all yferen  
Bound at one heap  
In to a water deep  
Yet amorowe that stone  
Was seen early in Mon  
A churl held himself full sly  
And bound this stone to his thigh  
His thigh was rotten or day  
And the stone went away  
If men done lechery  
Nigh that stone by  
Swote cometh of that stone  
But child cometh there none  
There is a roche right wondrously  
The roche of hearing by country  
Though there cry any man borne  
And blow also with an horn  
Noise there though thou abide  
Thou shalt hear none in this side  
There is an other island  
Fast by Mon at hand  
hermits there been rive  
If any of them done strive  
All the mice that may be get  
Come and eat all their meet  
Than ceaseth never that woe  
Till the strife cease also  
As men in this land  
Ben angry as in ireland  
So saints of this country  
Ben also wretchefull always  
Also in this land  
In ireland and in scotland  
Ben bells and staves  
That in worship men haves  
And been worshipped so then  
Of clerks and of lewd men  
That dreaden also  
To swear on any of though  
Staff either bell  
As it were the gospel  
At Basyngwerke is a well  
That Sacer height as men tell  
It springeth so sore as men may see  
What is cast in it throweth aye  
Thereof springeth a great strand  
It were enough for all that land  
Seek at that place  
Have both hele and grace  
In the well ofter than ones  
Ben found reed spercled stones  
In token of the blood reed  
That the maid wenefrede  
Shed at that pit  
When her throat was kit  
He that did that deed  
Hath sorrow on his seed  
His children at all stounds  
Bark as whelps and hounds  
To pray to that maid for grace  
Right at that well place  
Either in Shrowesbury street  
There that maid resteth sweet.    

¶ Of the description of scotland sometime named Albania. Ca. xxj  
IT is a common saw that the country which is now named scotland is an outstretching of the north side of britain/ & is departed in the south side from britain with arms of that see/ & on the other side it is becleped with the see. This land height sometime Albania/ & had the name of Albanactus that was king Brutus' sone/ for Albanactus dwelled first therein/ or of the province Albania that is a country of Scicia and nigh to Amazona/ therefore Scots been called as it were Scyttes for they came out of Scicia. Afterward that land height Pictavia/ for the Picts reigned therein. M. CCC lx year. And at the last height Hibernia as Ireland hight ¶ Gir. in top. For many skills/ one is for affinity & alte that was between them & irishmen/ for they took their wives of Ireland/ & that is openly seen in their believe in clothing/ in language & in speech/ in weepen/ and in manners. another skill is for irishman dwelled there sometime. ¶ Beda li. i Out of ireland that is the proper country of scots came irishmen with their duke that was called Renda/ & with love & with strength made them chief sees & cities besides the Picts in the north side ¶ Gir. Now the loud is shortly called scotland of Scots that came out of ireland & reigned therein. CCC. rv. vere unto reed Willyams' time that was Malcolyns brother. ¶ R. Many evidences we have of this scotland the it is of●e called and height Hibernia as ireland doth. ¶ Therefore Beda li. two ca. xj saith that Laurence archbishop of Dunbar was archbishop of Scots that dwelled in an island that height Hibernia & is next to britain. Beda li. three ca. xxvij saith pestilence of moreyn bore down Hibernia Also li. three ca. two saith that the Scots that dwelled in the south side of Hibernia. Also li. four ca. three he saith that Clad was a yonglyng & learned the rule of monks in Hibernia. Also li. four ca. xxij Egfridus king of Northumberland destroyed Hibernia. Also li. four ca. xu the most dry of Scots in Hibernia/ & in the same chapy 〈…〉 he called Hibernia properly named the west island is an hundred mile from everich britain & departeth with the see between & called Hibernia the country the now is called Scotland. there he telleth that Ada 〈…〉 abbot of this island sailed to Hibernia for to teach irishman the lawful Easter day/ & at the last came again in to scotland. ¶ Ysid. ethi. lib. xiiij Men of this scotland been named Scots in their own language & Pictes also. for sometime their bodies were painted i this manner They would sometime with a sharp edged ●ole prick & carve their own bodies & make thereon divers figures & shapes/ & paint them with ink or with other peynture or colour/ and because they were so painted they were called Picti/ that is to say painted. ¶ Erodotus. Scots been light of heart/ strange and wild enough/ but by meddling of english men they been much amended/ they been cruel upon their enemies/ & hate bondage most of any thing/ & hold for a foul sloth if a man die in his bed/ & great worship if he die in the field. They been little of meet & may fast long/ & eat seld when the son is up/ and eat flesh fish/ milk & fruit more than breed/ & though they be fair of shape/ they been defouled and made unseemly enough with their own clothing/ they praise fast the usages of their own forefaders/ & despise other men's doing/ their land is fruitful enough in pasture/ gardyns & fields. ¶ Gir. de p̄. ca. xviij The princes of Scots as the kings of Spain been not wont to be anointed ne crowned. In this Scotland is solemn & great mind of saint Andrew the apostle/ for saint Andrew had the north parties of the world/ Scites & Pictes to his lot for to preach & convert the people to Christ's believe/ & at the last he was martyred in Achata in Gretia in a cite named Patras/ & his bones were kept. CC. lxi●. year unto Constantinus the emperors time/ & than they were translated into Constantynople/ & kept there. C ten year unto Theodosius the emperors time/ & than Vngus king of Pictes in Scotland destroyed a great part of britain/ & was beset with a great host of Brytons in a field called Mark/ & he heard saint Andrew speak to him in this manner. Vngus Vngus here y● me Christ's apostle. I promise the help & succour when thou hast overcomen thine enemies by my help/ thou shalt give the third deal of thine heritage in alms to almighty god & in the worship of saint Andrew. And the sign of the cross went to fore his host 〈◊〉 the third day he had victory/ & so turned home again & dealed his heritage as he was boden/ & for he was uncertain what cite he should deal for saint Andrew he fasted three days/ he & his men prayed saint Andrew that he would show him what place he should choose. And one of the wardens that kept the body of saint Andrew in Constantinople was warned in his sleep that he should go in to a place whereout an angel would lead him/ & so he came in to scotland with vij fellows to the top of an hill named Ragmont. The same hour light of heaven beshone & be cleped the king of Pictes that was coming with his host to a place called Carceuan. There anon were heeled many seek men. There met with the king Regulus the monk of Constantynople with the relykes of saint Andrew. There is founded a church in the worship of saint Andrew that is heed of all the churches in the land of Pictes. To this thirche come pylgryms out of divers lands. There was Regulus first abbot & gathered monks. And so all the tenth land that the king had assigned him/ he departed it in divers places among abbeys.   

¶ Of the description of ireland. ca. xxij  
HIbernia that is Ireland/ & was of old time incorperate in to the lordship of britain/ so saith Gir. in sua pop. where he descryveth it at full/ yet is it worthy & seemeth to praise that land with large praising/ for to come to clear & full knowledge of the land these titles that follow open the way. Therefore I shall tell of the place & stead of the land how great & what manner land it is/ whereof the land hath plenty/ and whereof it hath default/ also what men have dwelled therein first/ of manners of men of that land/ of the wonders of that land/ and of worthiness of hallows & saints of that land.   

¶ Of the bounding of ireland. Ca twenty-three  
ireland is the last of all the west islands & height Hibernia of one Hiberus of Spain that was Hermonius brother/ for these two brethren gate & won that land by conquest. Or it is called Hibernia of the river Hiberus that is in the west end of Spain/ & the land height Scotland also/ for Scots dwelled there some time or they came in to that other Scotland that longed to britain/ therefore it is written in the Martyloge. Such a day in scotland saint bride was borne/ & that was in ireland. This land hath in the southeast side Spain three days sailing thence a side half/ & hath in the east side the more britain/ thence a days sailing/ in the west side the endless Ocean/ and in the north side Yselonde three days failing thence. ¶ Solinus. But the see that is between britain & ireland is all the year full of great wawes & uneasy/ that men may seld sail sickerly/ between the see is. C twenty mile broad.   

¶ Of the greatness and quality of that land. Ca. xxiiij  
ireland is an island greatest after britain/ & stretcheth north ward from Brendas' hills unto the land Columbina/ & containeth eight days journey/ every journey xl mile: & from Develin to Patrykes hills & to the see in the side in breed iiij. journeys/ & ireland is narrower in the middle than in the ends/ all otherwise than britain is/ as ireland is shorter north ward than britain/ so is it longer south ward/ the land is not plain/ but full of mountains/ of hills/ of woods/ of marays/ & of mores/ the land is soft rainy/ windy/ & low by the see side/ & within hilly & sondy. ¶ Solmus. There is great plenty of noble pasture and of lose therefore the beasts must be oft driven out of their pasture lest they ●te over moche for they should shende themself if they might eat at their will. ¶ Gir. Men of that land have comynly their health/ & strangers have oft a perilous 〈◊〉/ by cause of the moisture of the meet. The flesh of kyen is there wholesome/ & swines flesh unwholesome. Men of the land have no fever but only the fever ague/ and that right seld. Therefore the wholesomeness of the land & the cleanness out of venom is worth all the boost & richesse of trees/ of herbs/ of spycery/ of rich clothes/ & of precious stones of the east lands. The cause of the health & wholesomeness of the land is the attemperate heat & cold that is therein. In●bus rebus sufficit. In this land been m●o kyen than oxen/ more pasture than corn more grass than seed/ there is plenty of salmon/ of lamprays/ of ●eles/ & of other see fish. Of eagles/ of crane's/ of peacocks of curlewes/ of sparrow-hawks of geshawkes'/ & of gentle falcons. Of welues & right shrewd mite/ there been attercoppes/ blood soukers/ eeftes y● do n● harm/ there been fairs little of body & full hardy & strong/ there been batnacles fowls like wild geese/ which grew wondrously upon trees/ as it were nature wrought against kind. Men of religion eat barnacles upon fasting dares because they be not engendered with flesh wherein as me thinketh they err/ for ●●ason is against the/ for if a man had eaten of adam's leg he had eaten flesh/ & yet Adam was not engendered of father nor mother/ but the flesh cometh wondrously of the tree. In this land is plenty of honey & of milk of vine & of vyneyerdes. ¶ Solinus & ysed write the Ireland hath no bees. Nevertheless it were better written the Ireland had bees & no vyneyerdes. ¶ Be●a saith that there is great hunting to roobuckes/ & it is known that there be none. It is no wonder of Beda/ for he never saw the land/ but some man told him such tales. Also there groweth that stone Saxagonus/ & is called Iris also/ as it were the rain bow/ if that stone be holden against the son/ anon it shall shape a rainbow. There is also founden a stone that is called Gagathes/ & white margery pearls.   

¶ Of the default of the land. Ca. xxv  
●Hete corns been there full small uneath cleansed with man's hand reserved men/ all beasts been smaller there than in other lands. There lacketh well nigh all manner fresh water fish that is not gendered in the see. There lacketh unkind faucons/ gerfaucons/ pertryche/ fesaunt/ nightingalings and pies. There lacketh also roe & buck/ & Ilespyle/ wonts/ and other venomous beasts. Therefore some men feign & that favourably that saint Patryck cleansed the land of worms & of venomous beasts. But it is more probable & skilful that this land was from the beginning alway without such worms/ for venomous beasts & worms die there anon if men bring them thither out of other lands. Also venom and poison brought thither out of other lands/ lose their malice as soon as it passeth the middle of the see. Also poudre & earth of that land cast & sown in other lands drive away worms/ so farforth that if a turf of the land be put about a worm it sleeth him or maketh him thryll that earth for to escape away. In that land cocks crow but little tofore day/ so that the first crowing of cocks in that land & the third in other lands been like far tofore the day.   

¶ Of them that first inhabited ireland. Ca. xxuj  
Giraldus saith that Casera noah's niece dread the flood & fled with three men & thirty women in to that island/ & dwelled therein first the last year tofore noah's flood. But afterward Bartholanus Seres son that came of japhet noah's son came thither with his three sons by hap or by craft. CCC. year after noah's flood/ & dwelled there & increased to the number of ix M. men/ & afterward for stench of careyns of giants that they had slain/ they died all save one Ruanus that lived. M .v. C. year unto saint patrick's time/ & informed the holy man of the foresaid men/ & of all the doings and deeds. Than the third time came thither Nimeth out of Scicia with his. iiij sons/ and dwelled there. CC xuj year. And at the last of his offspring by divers my shapes of war & of moreyne they were clean destroyed and the land left void. CC. year after. The fourth time v. dukes that were brethren Gandius Genandus/ Sagandius/ Rutheragus & Slavius/ of the said Nimethes successors came out of Grece & occupied that land & dealed it in .v. parties/ & every party containeth xxij candredes. A candrede is a country that containeth an. C. towns/ & they set a stone in the middle of the land as it were in the navel and beginning of .v. kingdoms. At the last Slavius was made king of all the land. The fifth time when this nation was xxx year together they waxed feeble. Four noble men that were Millesius the kings sons came out of Spain with many other in a navy of xl ships/ & two of the worthiest of these four brethren that height Hyberus & Hermon dealed the land between them two But afterward covenant was broken between them both & Hyberus was slain Than Hermon was king of all the land. And from his time to the first patrick's time were kings of the nation. C xxxi And so fro the coming of Hibernensis unto the first Patryk were. M. viij. C. year. They had that name Hibernensis & Hibernia of the foresaid Hiberus/ or else of Hibetus a river of Spain. They were called also Gatels & Scots of one Gaytelus that was Phenis' nephew. This Gaytelus could speak many languages after the languages that were made at Nemproths tour/ and wedded one Scotta Pharaoh's daughter. Of these dukes came the Hibernensis. Men say that this Gaytelus made the irish language/ & called it Gaytelaf/ as it were a language gathered of all languages & tongues. At the last Belinus king of britain had a son and height Gurguncius that came out of Denmark/ at the islands Orcades he found men that were called Basclensis/ and were comen thither out of Spain/ these men prayed & besought to have a place to dwell in. And the king sent them to ireland that was tho void & waste & ordained & sent with them dukes & captains of his own. And so it seemeth that It land should long to britain by right of old tyme. From the first saint Patryk unto Fedliundius the kings time. cccc. year reigned xxxiij kings everich after other in ireland. In this Fedliundius time Turgesius' duke and capitain of Norway brought thither men of Norway & occupied the land/ & made in many places deep dyches and castles/ single/ double & triple/ & many wards strongly walled/ & many of them stand yet all hole/ but the irishmen retch not of castles/ for they take woods for castles/ & marays & mores for castle dyches. But at the last Turgesius died by gylefulnes of women. And englishmen say that Gurmundus won ireland & made those dyches/ & made no mention of Turgesius. And irishmen speak of Turge 〈…〉 ꝰ & know not of Gurmundus. Therefore it is to wite that Gurmundus had won britain & dwelled therein/ & sent Turgesius with great strength in to ireland for to win the land/ & because Turgesius was capitain & leader of the usage & journey and seen among them/ therefore irishmen speak moche of him as a noble man that was seen in the land & known. At the last when Gurmundus was slain in France Turges●us loved the kings daughter of ireland/ & her father behyght Turgesius' that he would send he● him to the low latheri● with xu maidens/ & Turgesius promised to meet there with xu of the noblest men that he had: & held covenant & thought no guile/ but there came xu young berdles men clothed like women with short swords under their clothes/ and fell on Turgesius & slew him right there/ & so he was traitorously slain after he had reigned xxx year. Not long after three brethren/ Amelanus/ S●tacus & Iuo●us came in to Ireland with their men out of Norway as it had been for love of peace & of merchandise/ & dwelled by the see side by assent of irishman that were alway idle as Paul's knights/ and the Norways builded three cities/ Develin waterford & Lymerych/ & increased & after waxed rebel against men of that land & brought first sparths in to ireland. So fro Turgesius time unto Roderykes time king of Connatia that was the last that was king of all the land were xvii kings in Ireland/ & so the kings that reigned in ireland from the Hermons time unto the last Roderykes time were in all. C. l 〈…〉 kings that were not crowned neither anointed/ n● by law of heritage/ but by might/ mastery and strength of arms. The second Henry king of England made this Roderyke subgect the year of king Henry's age xl and of his regne xviij. the year of our lord. xj. C lxxij   

¶ Of the conditions and manners of ireland. Ca. xxvij  
SOlinus saith that men of this land been strange of nation/ houseles and great fighters/ and account right & wrong all one thing/ & been single of clothing/ scarce of meet/ cruel of heart/ angry of speech/ & drinketh first blood of deed men that been slain/ & than wash their visages therewith/ and hold them paid with flesh and fruit in stead of meet/ & with milk in stead of drink/ & use moche playing & idleness and hunting/ and travail but little. In their childhod they been hard nourished & hard fed/ & they been unseemly of manners & of clothing/ & have breach & hosen alone of wool/ & straight hodes that stretcheth a cubit over the shoulders behind/ and foldynges in stead of mantles & of cloaks. Also they use no saddles/ boots ne spurs when they ride/ but they drive their horse's with a chambered yard in the over end. In stead of bits with trenches and of bridals of reest/ they use bridals that let not their horses to eat their meet/ they fight unarmed naked in body/ nevertheless with two darts & spears/ and with broad sparths they fight with one hand. These men forsake tilling of land/ and keep pasture for beasts. They use long beards & long locks hanging down behind their hedes/ they use no craft of flax/ of will of metal/ nor of merchandise/ but give them to idleness & to sloth/ & reckon rest for liking/ and for freedom for richesse And though scotland the daughter of ireland use harp/ timber/ and tabor. Nevertheless irish men be cunning in two manner instruments of music/ in harp and timber that is armed with wire and strenges of brass/ on which instruments though they play hastily and swiftly they make right merry armony & melody with thick tewnes/ werbles and notes/ and begin from bemoll/ and play secretly under dime sown on the great strenges/ and turn again unto the same/ so that the greatest party of the craft hideth the craft as it would seem as though the craft so hid should be ashamed if it were take. These men been of evil manners in their living/ they pay no tithings/ they wed lawfully/ they spare not their alyes/ but the brother weddeth the brother's wife/ they been busy to betray their neighbours/ and other they bear sparths in their hands in stead of staves/ & fight against them that trust most to them/ these men been variable & unsteadfast/ trechours' & guileful/ who that dealeth with them needeth more to beware of guile than of craft/ of peas than of brenning brands/ of honey than of gall/ of malice than of knighthood/ they have such manners that they be not strong in war & in battle/ ne true in peace/ they become gossips to them that they will falsely betray in the gosseprede & holy kindred/ everich drinketh others blood when it is shed/ they love somedeal their nurse and their playferes which that suck the same milk that they soaked when they were children/ & they pursue their brethren/ their cousins/ & their other kin/ & despise their kin whiles they live/ & avenge their death when they been slain. So long hath the usage of evil custom endured among them/ that it hath gotten the mastery over them/ & turneth treason in to kind/ so farforth that they been traitors by nature. And aliens and men of strange lands that dwell among them following their manners that uneath there is none but he is besmetted with their treason also. Among them many men pysse sitting/ and women standing. ¶ There been many men in that land foul shapen in limbs & in body/ for in their limbs they lack the benefice of kind. So that no where 〈…〉 better shapen than they that been there well shapen 〈…〉 〈◊〉 worse shapen than they that been ●●yll shapen. And skilfully nature hurt & defouled by wit 〈◊〉 of living bringeth such foul gro●es & evil shape of them that with un ●●●full de●ynge with foul manners & evil living so wickedly defouleth kind & 〈◊〉. ¶ In this land & in Wales old wives & women were wont & been yet as men say oft for to shape themselves in likeness of hares to milk their neighbours kyen & steel their milk/ and oft greyhounds ten after them & pursue them/ & ween that they he hares. And some by craft of nygromancy make fat swine for to be reed of colour/ & sell them in markets & fairs. But as soon as these swine pass any water they turn in to their own kind/ whether it be straw/ hay/ grass/ or turfs. But these swine may not be kept by no craft for to endute in likeness of swine over three days. Among these wonders & other take heed that in the uttermost end of the world falleth new marvels & wonders/ as though kind played with large love secretly & far in the ends/ than openly ●nygh in the middle/ therefore in this island be many grisly wonders & marvels.   

¶ Of the marvels and wonders of ireland. Ca. xxviij  
MAny men tell that in the north side of ireland is the land of life. In that island no man may die/ but when they be old & vexed with great sickness they be borne out in to the next land/ & there die. ¶ There is another island in ireland that no woman therein may ●e●e a child/ but yet she may conceive. ¶ Also there is an island in which no deed body may rot. In Vltonia that is Ulster is an yl●de that a ●uke wonderly departeth in twain. In y● one part is great distur baunce 〈◊〉 discomfort of fr●des/ & in that other party great liking & comfort of holy angels. There is also sayne patrick's purgatory/ that was showed at his prayer to confirm his preaching & his ●ore when he preached to misbelieved men of sorrow & pain the evil men should suffer for their evil works/ & of joy & of bliss that good men shall receive for their holy deeds. He telleth that who that suffereth the pains of purgatory (if it be enjoined him for penance) he shall never suffer the pains of hell/ but he die finally without tepentaunce of sin/ as the ensample is set more full at the end of this chap●●te. ¶ Treuisa. But truly no man may be saved but if he be very repentant what somever penance he do/ & every man that is very repentant at his lives end shall be sekerly saved/ though he never here of saint patrick's purgatory. There is an island in Connacte Sa●●/y● is in the see of Conaccina hallowed by saȳ● Brandon/ that hath no mice/ there deed bodies been not buried/ but been kept out of the earth & rot not. In Mamoma is a well/ who that washeth him with the waterof the well/ he shall were hoar on his heed. There is an other well in Vltonia who somever is washen therein he shall never wax hoar afterward. There is a well in Mounstre or Mamoma/ if ●ny man touch the well/ anon shall fall great rain in all that province/ & that rain shall never cease till a priest that is a ●●●ne maiden sing a mass in a chapel that is fast by & bliss the water/ & with milk of a 〈◊〉 that is of one year bespring the well/ and so reconcile the well in this strange manner. At Glyndal●an about the oratory of saint Keywyn wytches bear apples as it were apple trees/ and been more wholesome than savoury. That holy sayne brought forth these apples by prayers for to 〈◊〉 his child that was seek There is a lake in Ulster & moche fish therein which is xxx mile in length/ & xv. in breed. The river Ban runneth out of that lake in to the north Ocean/ & men say that this lake began in this manner. There were men in that country that were of evil living (coeuntes cum Brutis) And there was a well in the land in great reverence of old time/ & alway covered/ if it were left uncovered/ the well would rise & drown all the land. And so it happened that a woman went to that well for to fetch water: & hied her fast to her child that wept in the cradle/ & left the well uncovered/ than the well sprang so fast that it drowned the woman & her child/ and made all the country a lake & a fish pond. For to prove the this is sooth it is a great argument/ that when the weather is clear/ fisher's of that water see in the ground under the water round towers & high shapen as steeples & churches of the land. In the north side of ireland in the country of Ossyryens every vij year at the prayer of an holy abbot/ twain that been wedded a man & a woman must needs be exiled and forshapen in to likeness of wolves/ & abide out vij year. And at the end of vij year if they live they come home again & take again their own shape/ and than shall other twain go forth in their stead/ and so forshapen for other vij year. There is a lake in this land/ if a pool of tree pight & sticked therein/ that part of the shaft or pool that is in the earth shall turn in to iron/ and that part that abideth in the water shall turn in to stone/ and that part that abideth above shall be tree in his own kind. Also there is a lake that turneth hysell in to ash/ and ash in to hazel/ if it be done therein. Also in ireland been three 〈◊〉 leaps/ there as samons leap a 〈…〉 st a roche a long spears length. 〈…〉 Leg 〈…〉 is a pond there been seen Colmans' birds/ the birds called Certelles/ and come homely to 〈◊〉 hand/ but if men do them wrough or harm/ they go away & come not again and the water there shall be bitter and stink/ & he that did the wrong shall not astart without wretch & mischief/ but if he do amends. ¶ 〈◊〉. As touching saint patrick's purgatory/ ye shall understand that the second saint patrick that was abbot & not bishop while he preached in ireland/ laboured & studyen for to turn thilk wicked men that lived as beasts out of their evil life for dread of the pains of h●ll/ & for to confirm them to good life. And they said they would not turn but some of them might know some what of the great pains & also of the bliss that he spoke of. Than saint patrick prayed to almighty god therefore/ & our lord jesus Chryst appeared to saint patrick/ & took him a staff & lad him in to a wild place & showed him there a round pit that was dark within & said/ that if a man were very repentant & stable in believe & went in to this pit & walked therein a day & a night/ he should see the sorrows & the pains of evil men/ & the joy and bliss of good men. Than Chryst vanished out of Patrick'S sight And saint patrick arreared and builded there a church/ and put therein canons regular/ & closed the pit about with a wall/ & is now in the church yard at the east end of the church/ & fast shut with a strong door/ for no man should nicely go in without leave of the bishop/ or of the prior of the place. Many men went in and came out again in saint patrick's time/ & told of pains & joy that they had seen/ and the marvels that they saw been there yet written/ and because thereof many men turned & were converted to right believe. Also many men went in & came never out again. In king Stephen's time king of England/ a knight that height Owayne went in to saint patrick's purgatory & came again/ & dwelled ever after during his life in the needs of the abbey of Ludensis that is of the order of Cysteaux/ & told many wonders that he had seen in Patrykes purgatory. That place is called Patrykes purgatory/ and the church is named Reglis. No man is enjoined for to go in to that purgatory/ but counseled that he should not come therein/ but take upon him other penance. And if a man have avoided & be saable and will needs go therein/ he shall first go to the bishop and than he shall be sent with letters to the pryove of the place/ & they both shall counsel him to leave. And if he will needs go thereto/ he shall be in prayers & in fasting xu days/ and after xu days he shall be houseled & lad to the door of the purgatory with procession & litany and yet he shall be counseled to leave it/ & if he be steadfast and will en●●e/ the door shall be opened & he blessed & go in god's name/ & hold forth his way/ and the door shall be fast shut till the next day/ and when the time is the prior shall come and open the door/ and if the man be comen he leadeth him in to the church with ꝓcessyon/ and there he shall be xv. days in prayers and fasting.   

¶ Of the marvels of saints of ireland. Ca. xxix  
HEre Giraldus maketh mind that as men of this nation been more angry than other men/ & more hasty for to take wretch whiles they been alive/ so saints & hallows of this land been more wrechefull than saints of other lands. Clerks of this land been chaste and say many prayers/ & done great abstinence a day/ & drink all night/ so is accounted for a miracle y● 〈…〉 ery 〈…〉 th' not there as wine reigneth/ and been chasen out of abbeys in to the clergy/ & done as monks should. But they that been ●●yll of them been worst of all other. So good men among them though they been but few been good at the best. Prelates of that country been full ●●owe in cor 〈…〉 o● trespass/ and busy in contemplation/ and not in preaching of god's word. Therefore it is that all the saints of that land been confessors and no martyrs among them/ & no wonder/ for all the prelate's of this land clerks and prelate's should do is to them unknown. Therefore when 〈◊〉 was put against the bishop of Cassyll how it might be that so many saints been in ireland & never a martyr among them all/ sithen that the men been so shrewd and so angry/ & the prelate's so reckless and slow in correction of trespass. The bishop answered frowardly enough & said. Our men been shrewd and angry enough to themself/ but to god's servants they lay never hand/ but do them great reverence & worship/ but english men come in to this land that can make martyrs/ & were wont to use that craft ¶ 〈◊〉. The bishop said so because that king Henry the second was though new comen in to ireland freshly after the marty● doom of saint Thomas of Caunterbury. ¶ Gir. In this land/ in wales & in 〈◊〉 land been bells and staves with crooked hedes/ & other such things for retykes in great reverence & worship/ so that men of this land dread more for to swear upon one of those bells & golden staves than upon the gospels. The chief of all such relics is holden jesus staff that is a● Develyn/ with the which staff they say that the first saint patrick drove the worms out of ireland. ¶ Augus. de ci. dei ca. vij if men a●e how it may be the divers manner of beasts & of divers kind that 〈◊〉 kindly gotten between male & female come 〈◊〉 been in islands after noah's flood. Men suppose that such beasts swam in to islands about●/ & first to the next and ●o forth in to other. Or else men sailing in to islands brought with them such beasts for love of hunting. Or angels at god almyghtyes camaunde meant brought such beasts in to islands about/ or the earth brought them forth first/ and fulfilled though god's commandment/ that commanded the earth to bring forth grass and quick beasts.  
¶ Here endeth the description of britain/ the which containeth England Wales and Scotlond/ and also because Irloude is under the ●ule of England/ & of old time it ●ath so continued/ there fore I have set the description of the same after the said britain/ which I have taken out of 〈…〉 cronycon. And because it is necessary unto all englishmen to know the properties/ 〈…〉 modytees & marvels of them/ I willyan Caxton have set them first in imprynt according to the translation of Treuisa/ which at the request of the lord Barkeley translated the book of Polyeronycon in to english.   

¶ Lately fynysshe● and Impaynted at London in Fleetstreet at the sy〈…〉 of the Son by winkin de Woe 〈…〉 the year of our lord god. M. CCCCC. &. 〈…〉 viij. the ix day of Apryll.  
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